201
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McDonald EM, Duggal NK, Delorey MJ, Oksanish J, Ritter JM, Brault AC. Duration of seminal Zika viral RNA shedding in immunocompetent mice inoculated with Asian and African genotype viruses. Virology 2019; 535:1-10. [PMID: 31254742 PMCID: PMC7931630 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2019.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Prior to the emergence of Asian genotype Zika virus (ZIKV) in the Western hemisphere, sexual transmission in humans was documented. Sexual transmission by African genotype ZIKVs has not been assessed in laboratory animal models, due to rapid and high mortality rates of immunodeficient mice following inoculation. To overcome these limitations, immunocompetent C57Bl/6 mice were used to longitudinally assess Asian and African genotype ZIKV sexual transmission potential. Furthermore, to determine if enhanced pathogenesis of African genotype ZIKVs is due to structural determinants, PRVABC59 prM/E was replaced with African MR766 prM/E (chimeric ZIKV). The African genotype and chimeric ZIKV elicited greater pathogenic effects in the male reproductive tract and generated higher viremias. Yet, the duration, magnitude and efficiency of seminal shedding of infectious virus and viral RNA were similar between chimeric-, African and Asian genotype ZIKV-inoculated mice. These data show that increased male reproductive tract pathology does not increase sexual transmission potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin M McDonald
- Division of Vector-borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Nisha K Duggal
- Division of Vector-borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Mark J Delorey
- Division of Vector-borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - James Oksanish
- Division of Vector-borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Jana M Ritter
- Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Aaron C Brault
- Division of Vector-borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
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202
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Lim HK, Huang SXL, Chen J, Kerner G, Gilliaux O, Bastard P, Dobbs K, Hernandez N, Goudin N, Hasek ML, García Reino EJ, Lafaille FG, Lorenzo L, Luthra P, Kochetkov T, Bigio B, Boucherit S, Rozenberg F, Vedrinne C, Keller MD, Itan Y, García-Sastre A, Celard M, Orange JS, Ciancanelli MJ, Meyts I, Zhang Q, Abel L, Notarangelo LD, Snoeck HW, Casanova JL, Zhang SY. Severe influenza pneumonitis in children with inherited TLR3 deficiency. J Exp Med 2019; 216:2038-2056. [PMID: 31217193 PMCID: PMC6719423 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20181621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Autosomal recessive IRF7 and IRF9 deficiencies impair type I and III IFN immunity and underlie severe influenza pneumonitis. We report three unrelated children with influenza A virus (IAV) infection manifesting as acute respiratory distress syndrome (IAV-ARDS), heterozygous for rare TLR3 variants (P554S in two patients and P680L in the third) causing autosomal dominant (AD) TLR3 deficiency. AD TLR3 deficiency can underlie herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) encephalitis (HSE) by impairing cortical neuron-intrinsic type I IFN immunity to HSV-1. TLR3-mutated leukocytes produce normal levels of IFNs in response to IAV. In contrast, TLR3-mutated fibroblasts produce lower levels of IFN-β and -λ, and display enhanced viral susceptibility, upon IAV infection. Moreover, the patients' iPSC-derived pulmonary epithelial cells (PECs) are susceptible to IAV. Treatment with IFN-α2b or IFN-λ1 rescues this phenotype. AD TLR3 deficiency may thus underlie IAV-ARDS by impairing TLR3-dependent, type I and/or III IFN-mediated, PEC-intrinsic immunity. Its clinical penetrance is incomplete for both IAV-ARDS and HSE, consistent with their typically sporadic nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Kyung Lim
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY.,Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR 1163, Paris, France.,Paris Descartes University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Sarah X L Huang
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY.,Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY.,Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Texas, Houston, TX
| | - Jie Chen
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Sixth Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Gaspard Kerner
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR 1163, Paris, France.,Paris Descartes University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Gilliaux
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine (ULB222), Medicine Faculty, Libre de Bruxelles University, Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Center of Charleroi, Charleroi, Belgium
| | - Paul Bastard
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR 1163, Paris, France.,Paris Descartes University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Kerry Dobbs
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Nicholas Hernandez
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY
| | - Nicolas Goudin
- Cell Imaging Platform Structure Fédérative de Recherche Necker, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale US 24, Paris, France
| | - Mary L Hasek
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY
| | - Eduardo Javier García Reino
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY
| | - Fabien G Lafaille
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY
| | - Lazaro Lorenzo
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR 1163, Paris, France.,Paris Descartes University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Priya Luthra
- Department of Microbiology, Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY.,Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Tatiana Kochetkov
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY
| | - Benedetta Bigio
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY
| | - Soraya Boucherit
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR 1163, Paris, France.,Paris Descartes University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Flore Rozenberg
- Virology, Cochin-Saint-Vincent de Paul Hospital, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Catherine Vedrinne
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine in Cardiovascular Surgery, Louis Pradel Cardiological Hospital, Lyon, France
| | - Michael D Keller
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC
| | - Yuval Itan
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY.,The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY.,Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Adolfo García-Sastre
- Department of Microbiology, Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY.,Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Marie Celard
- National Center for Staphylococcus, Lyon Civil Hospital, Lyon, France
| | - Jordan S Orange
- Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Michael J Ciancanelli
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY
| | - Isabelle Meyts
- Laboratory for Inborn Errors of Immunity, Department of Immunology, Microbiology, and Transplantation, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Pediatrics, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Precision Immunology Institute and Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Qian Zhang
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY
| | - Laurent Abel
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY.,Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR 1163, Paris, France.,Paris Descartes University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Luigi D Notarangelo
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Hans-Willem Snoeck
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY.,Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Jean-Laurent Casanova
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY.,Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR 1163, Paris, France.,Paris Descartes University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France.,Pediatric Immuno-Hematology Unit, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York, NY
| | - Shen-Ying Zhang
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY .,Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR 1163, Paris, France.,Paris Descartes University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
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203
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Lin L, Han J, Yan T, Li L, Li J, Ao Y, Duan Z, Hou Y. Replication and transcriptionomic analysis of human noroviruses in human intestinal enteroids. Am J Transl Res 2019; 11:3365-3374. [PMID: 31312350 PMCID: PMC6614657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Human noroviruses (HuNoVs) are a major cause of epidemic and sporadic cases of acute gastroenteritis worldwide. Recently, human intestinal enteroids (HIEs) have been shown to support the replication of HuNoVs, and be an excellent model to study HuNoV-host interactions. We implemented the HIE system in our laboratory and investigated the global molecular events associated with the mechanism of HuNoV-host interactions. Successful replication was observed for several norovirus GII genotypes, and totally 5,376 genes with different expression in HIEs were identified during infection. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that several important pathways, especially the "Signal transduction" and "Immune system" pathways, were involved in the HuNoV-host interaction. Quantitative PCR results validated that IFN-λ instead of IFN-β was elevated in HIEs after infection. Our study showed the holistic understanding of the transcriptome events in the HIE model infected by HuNoVs, and highlighted the important role of IFN-λ signaling in the HuNoV-host interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Lin
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijing 100052, China
- HIV/AIDS Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Center for Disease Control and PreventionJinan 250014, Shandong, China
- Academy of Preventive Medicine, Shandong UniversityJinan 250014, Shandong, China
| | - Jiagang Han
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hosptial, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Tingbin Yan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong UniversityJinan 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Lili Li
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijing 100052, China
| | - Jinsong Li
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijing 100052, China
| | - Yuanyun Ao
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijing 100052, China
| | - Zhaojun Duan
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijing 100052, China
| | - Yunde Hou
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijing 100052, China
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204
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Interferon-λ orchestrates innate and adaptive mucosal immune responses. Nat Rev Immunol 2019; 19:614-625. [DOI: 10.1038/s41577-019-0182-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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205
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Pervolaraki K, Guo C, Albrecht D, Boulant S, Stanifer ML. Type-Specific Crosstalk Modulates Interferon Signaling in Intestinal Epithelial Cells. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2019; 39:650-660. [PMID: 31199715 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2019.0040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) are the primary target of enteric viruses. Their infection by viruses leads to the upregulation of both type I and type III interferons (IFNs). These IFNs then act in an autocrine and paracrine manner to protect IECs from viral propagation. To date, whether both IFNs use similar signaling pathways and whether these 2 cytokines can act synergistically to protect against viral infection remain unclear. Using human IECs depleted of either the type I or type III IFN receptor, we found that both signal transduction pathways are interconnected and influence each other at the level of interferon-stimulated gene (ISG) expression and efficiency of antiviral protection. Precisely, in human IECs, the presence of a functional type III IFN receptor negatively regulates type I IFN signaling and activity, whereas the presence of type I IFN receptor positively reinforces type III IFN signaling and function. We propose that this complex crosstalk allows for a preferential type III IFN-mediated protection of human intestinal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalliopi Pervolaraki
- Schaller Research Group at CellNetworks, Department of Infectious Diseases, Virology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.,Research Group "Cellular Polarity and Viral Infection" (F140), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Cuncai Guo
- Schaller Research Group at CellNetworks, Department of Infectious Diseases, Virology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dorothee Albrecht
- Research Group "Cellular Polarity and Viral Infection" (F140), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Steeve Boulant
- Schaller Research Group at CellNetworks, Department of Infectious Diseases, Virology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.,Research Group "Cellular Polarity and Viral Infection" (F140), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Megan L Stanifer
- Schaller Research Group at CellNetworks, Department of Infectious Diseases, Virology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
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206
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Kotenko SV, Rivera A, Parker D, Durbin JE. Type III IFNs: Beyond antiviral protection. Semin Immunol 2019; 43:101303. [PMID: 31771761 PMCID: PMC7141597 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2019.101303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The unexpected discovery of a novel family of antiviral mediators, type III IFNs or IFN-λs, challenged the widely accepted primacy of type I IFNs in antiviral immunity, and it is now well recognized that the IFN-λ-based antiviral system plays a major role in antiviral protection of epithelial barriers. The recent characterization of previously unknown IFN-λ-mediated activities has prompted further reassessment of the role of type I IFNs in innate and adaptive immune and inflammatory responses. Since type I and type III IFNs are co-produced in response to a variety of stimuli, it is likely that many physiological processes are simultaneously and coordinately regulated by these cytokines in pathological conditions, and likely at steady state, as baseline expression of both IFN types is maintained by microbiota. In this review, we discuss emerging differences in the production and signaling of type I and type III IFNs, and summarize results of recent studies describing the involvement of type III IFNs in anti-bacterial and anti-fungal, as well as antiviral, defenses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergei V Kotenko
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA; Center for Cell Signaling, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA; Center for Immunity and Inflammation, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, RBHS, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA.
| | - Amariliz Rivera
- Department of Pediatrics, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA; Center for Immunity and Inflammation, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, RBHS, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Dane Parker
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA; Center for Immunity and Inflammation, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, RBHS, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Joan E Durbin
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA; Center for Immunity and Inflammation, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, RBHS, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA.
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207
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Abstract
Neutrophils are increasingly appreciated as multifaceted regulators of innate immunity and inflammation. Historically, these important innate cells have been considered suicidal phagocytes with a primary role in the destruction of extracellular pathogens. Recent studies have significantly altered this simplistic view of neutrophils and have instead presented extensive evidence for a complex role for neutrophils in the control of diverse inflammatory conditions. It is now appreciated that neutrophils are crucial not only for efficient clearance of various pathogens but also in the development and control of inflammatory states such as autoimmunity, cancer, and tissue repair. Mounting evidence also suggests that neutrophils are capable of differential activation giving rise to distinctly polarized cells with diverse effector functions. Interferon lambda (IFN-λ) (also known as type III IFN) has emerged as an unexpected regulator of neutrophil function. IFN-λs are the newest members of the IFN family of antiviral cytokines and although initial studies suggested identical biological activities to type I IFNs, it is now apparent that type III IFN has distinct functions in vivo. In this article, I summarize recent evidence linking type III IFNs to the regulation and potential tailoring of neutrophil responses. These exciting observations might have important implications for the development of IFN-λs as novel therapeutic cytokines for the treatment of a diversity of inflammatory states where neutrophils are crucial players.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amariliz Rivera
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Immunity and Inflammation, Rutgers Health and Biomedical Sciences, Newark, New Jersey
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208
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan F Wieland
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Markus H Heim
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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209
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210
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Shah M, Bharadwaj MSK, Gupta A, Kumar R, Kumar S. Chicken viperin inhibits Newcastle disease virus infection in vitro: A possible interaction with the viral matrix protein. Cytokine 2019; 120:28-40. [PMID: 31003187 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2019.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Viperin is an interferon-inducible protein that helps in protecting mammals against various virus infections. Viperin is a highly conserved member of the interferon-stimulated genes (ISG) family in many species. Viperin has been shown to play a pivotal role in the innate immunity of chicken; however, its role has not been explored in its antiviral potential. Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is the causative agent of an infectious disease in poultry. In the present study, we have shown the anti-NDV effect of chicken viperin (cViperin). The impact of cViperin upon NDV infection was investigated in chicken embryo fibroblast. The modeling of the cViperin protein was done using I-TASSER and ZDOCK is used to predict the possible interaction with the matrix protein of NDV. The interaction was further confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation assay using recombinant matrix protein of NDV with the recombinant cViperin. The recombinant NDV expressing cViperin showed reduced replication of the virus upon its growth kinetics. Our results suggest downregulation of NDV replication in the presence of cViperin. The study will be critical to elaborate our understanding of the chicken innate immune system which could help develop antiviral strategies against NDV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisha Shah
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - M S K Bharadwaj
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Anjali Gupta
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Sachin Kumar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India.
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211
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Lazear HM, Schoggins JW, Diamond MS. Shared and Distinct Functions of Type I and Type III Interferons. Immunity 2019; 50:907-923. [PMID: 30995506 PMCID: PMC6839410 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2019.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 652] [Impact Index Per Article: 130.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Type I interferons (IFNs) (IFN-α, IFN-β) and type III IFNs (IFN-λ) share many properties, including induction by viral infection, activation of shared signaling pathways, and transcriptional programs. However, recent discoveries have revealed context-specific functional differences. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of type I and type III IFN activities, highlighting shared and distinct features from molecular mechanisms through physiological responses. Beyond discussing canonical antiviral functions, we consider the adaptive immune priming, anti-tumor, and autoimmune functions of IFNs. We discuss a model wherein type III IFNs serve as a front-line defense that controls infection at epithelial barriers while minimizing damaging inflammatory responses, reserving the more potent type I IFN response for when local responses are insufficient. In this context, we discuss current therapeutic applications targeting these cytokine pathways and highlight gaps in understanding of the biology of type I and type III IFNs in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen M Lazear
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
| | - John W Schoggins
- Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Michael S Diamond
- Departments of Medicine, Pathology & Immunology, and Molecular Microbiology, and The Andrew M. and Jane M. Bursky Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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212
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Liu L, Fan W, Zhang H, Zhang S, Cui L, Wang M, Bai X, Yang W, Sun L, Yang L, Liu W, Li J. Interferon as a Mucosal Adjuvant for an Influenza Vaccine in Pigs. Virol Sin 2019; 34:324-333. [PMID: 30989429 DOI: 10.1007/s12250-019-00102-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Interferon, a natural protein that is produced by a variety of cells during viral infection, activates the transcription of multiple functional genes in cells, regulates synergy among various signaling pathways, and mediates many biological functions such as antiviral activity, immune regulation, and cell growth. However, clinical research on interferon in livestock is lacking. In this study, recombinant porcine interferon (PoIFNα) was used as an adjuvant, in combination with inactivated influenza virus, to vaccinate 6-week-old pigs via nasal infusion. The transcription of target genes was then monitored and the functions of PoIFNα were determined with respect to the activation of mucosal immunity. We found that a combination of low-dose PoIFNα and inactivated influenza virus could significantly up-regulate the expression of immunoregulatory cytokines such as IL-2, IL-18, IFN-γ, IL-6, and IL-10 by real-time PCR, suggesting the induction of a strong mucosal innate immune response after administration. In addition, low-dose PoIFNα can significant enhancing the transcription of genes encoding homing factors including CCR9 and CCR10 (P < 0.001), thereby resulting in the induction of higher levels of HA-specific antibodies (P < 0.05), which can be determined by ELISA and IFA. Post-immunization challenges with H1N1 virus demonstrated that PoIFNα, combined with inactivated influenza virus, could alleviate clinical signs in pigs during the early stages of viral infection. These studies reveal low-dose PoIFNα as a potential mucosal adjuvant for influenza virus in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lirong Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Wenhui Fan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - He Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Shuang Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Liang Cui
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Meng Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Bai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Wenxian Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Lei Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Limin Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Wenjun Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Jing Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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213
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Hijano DR, Vu LD, Kauvar LM, Tripp RA, Polack FP, Cormier SA. Role of Type I Interferon (IFN) in the Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Immune Response and Disease Severity. Front Immunol 2019; 10:566. [PMID: 30972063 PMCID: PMC6443902 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most common cause of lower respiratory tract disease in children <2 years of age. Increased morbidity and mortality have been reported in high-risk patients, such as premature infants, patients with cardiac disease, and severely immune compromised patients. Severe disease is associated with the virulence of the virus as well as host factors specifically including the innate immune response. The role of type I interferons (IFNs) in the response to RSV infection is important in regulating the rate of virus clearance and in directing the character of the immune response, which is normally associated with protection and less severe disease. Two RSV non-structural proteins, NS1 and NS2, as well as the envelope G glycoprotein are known to suppress type I IFN production and a robust type I IFN response to RSV does not occur in human infants or neonatal mouse models of RSV infection. Additionally, presence of type I IFNs are associated with mild symptoms in infants and administration of IFN-α prior to infection of neonatal mice with RSV reduces immunopathology. This evidence has driven RSV prophylaxis and therapeutic efforts to consider strategies for enhancing type I IFN production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego R Hijano
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Luan D Vu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University and School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, LA, United States.,Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | | | - Ralph A Tripp
- Department of Infectious Disease, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | | | - Stephania A Cormier
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University and School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, LA, United States.,Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
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214
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Stanifer ML, Pervolaraki K, Boulant S. Differential Regulation of Type I and Type III Interferon Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E1445. [PMID: 30901970 PMCID: PMC6471306 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20061445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Interferons (IFNs) are very powerful cytokines, which play a key role in combatting pathogen infections by controlling inflammation and immune response by directly inducing anti-pathogen molecular countermeasures. There are three classes of IFNs: type I, type II and type III. While type II IFN is specific for immune cells, type I and III IFNs are expressed by both immune and tissue specific cells. Unlike type I IFNs, type III IFNs have a unique tropism where their signaling and functions are mostly restricted to epithelial cells. As such, this class of IFN has recently emerged as a key player in mucosal immunity. Since the discovery of type III IFNs, the last 15 years of research in the IFN field has focused on understanding whether the induction, the signaling and the function of these powerful cytokines are regulated differently compared to type I IFN-mediated immune response. This review will cover the current state of the knowledge of the similarities and differences in the signaling pathways emanating from type I and type III IFN stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan L Stanifer
- Schaller research group at CellNetworks, Department of Infectious Diseases, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
- Research Group "Cellular polarity and viral infection" (F140), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Kalliopi Pervolaraki
- Schaller research group at CellNetworks, Department of Infectious Diseases, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
- Research Group "Cellular polarity and viral infection" (F140), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Steeve Boulant
- Schaller research group at CellNetworks, Department of Infectious Diseases, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
- Research Group "Cellular polarity and viral infection" (F140), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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215
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Interferon-λ enhances adaptive mucosal immunity by boosting release of thymic stromal lymphopoietin. Nat Immunol 2019; 20:593-601. [PMID: 30886417 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-019-0345-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Interferon-λ (IFN-λ) acts on mucosal epithelial cells and thereby confers direct antiviral protection. In contrast, the role of IFN-λ in adaptive immunity is far less clear. Here, we report that mice deficient in IFN-λ signaling exhibited impaired CD8+ T cell and antibody responses after infection with a live-attenuated influenza virus. Virus-induced release of IFN-λ triggered the synthesis of thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) by M cells in the upper airways that, in turn, stimulated migratory dendritic cells and boosted antigen-dependent germinal center reactions in draining lymph nodes. The IFN-λ-TSLP axis also boosted production of the immunoglobulins IgG1 and IgA after intranasal immunization with influenza virus subunit vaccines and improved survival of mice after challenge with virulent influenza viruses. IFN-λ did not influence the efficacy of vaccines applied by subcutaneous or intraperitoneal routes, indicating that IFN-λ plays a vital role in potentiating adaptive immune responses that initiate at mucosal surfaces.
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216
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Yuan WM, Zhang R, Zhang Q, Ma FL, Wang C, Wang YZ, Zeng Y, Zheng LS. The generation and biological activity of a long-lasting recombinant human interferon-λ1. Protein Eng Des Sel 2019; 31:355-360. [PMID: 30496575 DOI: 10.1093/protein/gzy029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The previously generated recombinant human (rh) interferon (IFN)-λ1 protein has a short half-life, and this feature makes it challenging to conduct studies on potential clinical applications for rhIFN-λ1. In an attempt to overcome this difficulty, we constructed a 'long-life' version of rhIFN-λ1. This modified rhIFN-λ1, named rhIFN-λ1-CTPON, has a human chorionic gonadotropin β subunit carboxyl-terminal peptide (CTP) and an N-glycosylation sequence linked to its C-terminus. We confirmed the sequence of rhIFN-λ1-CTPON by mass spectrometry and then measured its biological activities. The results show that rhIFN-λ1-CTPON had antiviral activity and anti-proliferation activity in vitro that were similar to those of rhIFN-λ1 and that it similarly promoted natural killer cell cytotoxicity. Notably, the in vivo half-life of rhIFN-λ1-CTPON was determined to be 3-fold higher than that of rhIFN-λ1. We also assessed the anti-hepatitis B virus activity of rhIFN-λ1-CTPON; it was able to inhibit the production of the antigens HBs-Ag and HBe-Ag and induce antiviral gene expression. In conclusion, rhIFN-λ1-CTPON has a longer half-life than rhIFN-λ1 and has similar biological activities, so rhIFN-λ1-CTPON is an appropriate substitute for rhIFN-λ1 in the further study of potential clinical applications for rhIFN- λ1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu-Mei Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China.,Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Health Commission, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Medical Teaching Experiment Center, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Health Commission, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing, China
| | - Fen-Lian Ma
- Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Health Commission, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Health Commission, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing, China
| | - Ying-Zi Wang
- Medical Teaching Experiment Center, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yan Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Li-Shu Zheng
- Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Health Commission, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing, China
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217
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Ilyushina NA, Dickensheets H, Donnelly RP. A comparison of interferon gene expression induced by influenza A virus infection of human airway epithelial cells from two different donors. Virus Res 2019; 264:1-7. [PMID: 30779949 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2019.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2018] [Revised: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Influenza is an acute respiratory disease that can cause local annual epidemics and worldwide pandemics of different morbidity and mortality. Our understanding of host factors that modulate the frequency and severity of influenza virus infections is less than complete. In this study, we examined the inter-individual variations in the innate immune responses to H1N1 and H3N2 influenza A viruses (IAV) using primary cultures of normal human bronchial epithelial (NHBE) cells derived from two different donors (D1 and D2). Although IAV replication kinetics were similar in cultures derived from these two donors, the levels of type III interferons (IFNs) were significantly higher in D1 cells compared to D2 cells (˜31-fold↑ in D1 cells versus D2 cells; P < 0.05). The levels of IFN-λ1 protein at individual time points as well as the total amounts of IFN-λ1 secreted over 72 h were also significantly higher in D1 than in D2 NHBE cells (0.7-7.7-fold↑, P < 0.05). The relative levels of IFN-stimulated gene (ISG) expression also differed significantly between D1 and D2 cells. Our data indicate that donor-specific differences can result in significant differences in IFN and ISG induction by human airway epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia A Ilyushina
- Division of Biotechnology Review and Research II, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA.
| | - Harold Dickensheets
- Division of Biotechnology Review and Research II, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Raymond P Donnelly
- Division of Biotechnology Review and Research II, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
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218
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Wang X, Wong K, Ouyang W, Rutz S. Targeting IL-10 Family Cytokines for the Treatment of Human Diseases. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2019; 11:cshperspect.a028548. [PMID: 29038121 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a028548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Members of the interleukin (IL)-10 family of cytokines play important roles in regulating immune responses during host defense but also in autoimmune disorders, inflammatory diseases, and cancer. Although IL-10 itself primarily acts on leukocytes and has potent immunosuppressive functions, other family members preferentially target nonimmune compartments, such as tissue epithelial cells, where they elicit innate defense mechanisms to control viral, bacterial, and fungal infections, protect tissue integrity, and promote tissue repair and regeneration. As cytokines are prime drug targets, IL-10 family cytokines provide great opportunities for the treatment of autoimmune diseases, tissue damage, and cancer. Yet no therapy in this space has been approved to date. Here, we summarize the diverse biology of the IL-10 family as it relates to human disease and review past and current strategies and challenges to target IL-10 family cytokines for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoting Wang
- Department of Comparative Biology and Safety Sciences, Amgen, South San Francisco, California 94080
| | - Kit Wong
- Department of Biomarker Development, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080
| | - Wenjun Ouyang
- Department of Inflammation and Oncology, Amgen, South San Francisco, California 94080
| | - Sascha Rutz
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080
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219
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Caine EA, Scheaffer SM, Arora N, Zaitsev K, Artyomov MN, Coyne CB, Moley KH, Diamond MS. Interferon lambda protects the female reproductive tract against Zika virus infection. Nat Commun 2019; 10:280. [PMID: 30655513 PMCID: PMC6336786 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07993-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Although Zika virus (ZIKV) can be transmitted sexually and cause congenital birth defects, immune control mechanisms in the female reproductive tract (FRT) are not well characterized. Here we show that treatment of primary human vaginal and cervical epithelial cells with interferon (IFN)-α/β or IFN-λ induces host defense transcriptional signatures and inhibits ZIKV infection. We also assess the effects of IFNs on intravaginal infection of the FRT using ovariectomized mice treated with reproductive hormones. We find that mice receiving estradiol are protected against intravaginal ZIKV infection, independently of IFN-α/β or IFN-λ signaling. In contrast, mice lacking IFN-λ signaling sustain greater FRT infection when progesterone is administered. Exogenous IFN-λ treatment confers an antiviral effect when mice receive both estradiol and progesterone, but not progesterone alone. Our results identify a hormonal stage-dependent role for IFN-λ in controlling ZIKV infection in the FRT and suggest a path for minimizing sexual transmission of ZIKV in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Caine
- Departments of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Suzanne M Scheaffer
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Nitin Arora
- Departments of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15224, USA
- The Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Children's Hospital, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15224, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA
| | - Konstantin Zaitsev
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Computer Technologies Department, ITMO University, St. Petersburg, 197101, Russia
| | - Maxim N Artyomov
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- The Andrew M. and Jane M. Bursky Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Carolyn B Coyne
- Departments of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15224, USA.
- The Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Children's Hospital, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15224, USA.
| | - Kelle H Moley
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
| | - Michael S Diamond
- Departments of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
- The Andrew M. and Jane M. Bursky Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
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220
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Lasfar A, Zloza A, Silk AW, Lee LY, Cohen-Solal KA. Interferon Lambda: Toward a Dual Role in Cancer. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2019; 39:22-29. [DOI: 10.1089/jir.2018.0046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Lasfar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Andrew Zloza
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey
- Department of Surgery, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Ann W. Silk
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Leonard Y. Lee
- Department of Surgery, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey
- Robert Wood Johnson University Hospital, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Karine A. Cohen-Solal
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey
- Department of Surgery, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey
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221
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Normand S, Waldschmitt N, Neerincx A, Martinez-Torres RJ, Chauvin C, Couturier-Maillard A, Boulard O, Cobret L, Awad F, Huot L, Ribeiro-Ribeiro A, Lautz K, Ruez R, Delacre M, Bondu C, Guilliams M, Scott C, Segal A, Amselem S, Hot D, Karabina S, Bohn E, Ryffel B, Poulin LF, Kufer TA, Chamaillard M. Proteasomal degradation of NOD2 by NLRP12 in monocytes promotes bacterial tolerance and colonization by enteropathogens. Nat Commun 2018; 9:5338. [PMID: 30559449 PMCID: PMC6297353 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07750-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain protein 12 (NLRP12) cause recurrent episodes of serosal inflammation. Here we show that NLRP12 efficiently sequesters HSP90 and promotes K48-linked ubiquitination and degradation of NOD2 in response to bacterial muramyl dipeptide (MDP). This interaction is mediated by the linker-region proximal to the nucleotide-binding domain of NLRP12. Consequently, the disease-causing NLRP12 R284X mutation fails to repress MDP-induced NF-κB and subsequent activity of the JAK/STAT signaling pathway. While NLRP12 deficiency renders septic mice highly susceptible towards MDP, a sustained sensing of MDP through NOD2 is observed among monocytes lacking NLRP12. This loss of tolerance in monocytes results in greater colonization resistance towards Citrobacter rodentium. Our data show that this is a consequence of NOD2-dependent accumulation of inflammatory mononuclear cells that correlates with induction of interferon-stimulated genes. Our study unveils a relevant process of tolerance towards the gut microbiota that is exploited by an attaching/effacing enteric pathogen. Mutations in nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain protein 12 (NLRP12) are known to effect inflammatory processes. Here the authors show that NLRP12-mediated proteasomal degradation of NOD2 in monocytes promotes bacterial tolerance and colonisation in a model of enteric infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Normand
- University of Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 8204 - CIIL - Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Nadine Waldschmitt
- University of Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 8204 - CIIL - Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, F-59000, Lille, France.,Technische Universität München, Chair of Nutrition and Immunology, 85350, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Andreas Neerincx
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QP, UK
| | | | - Camille Chauvin
- University of Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 8204 - CIIL - Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Aurélie Couturier-Maillard
- University of Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 8204 - CIIL - Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Olivier Boulard
- University of Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 8204 - CIIL - Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Laetitia Cobret
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 933, F-75012, Paris, France.,Inserm, UMR_S 933, F-75012, Paris, France
| | - Fawaz Awad
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 933, F-75012, Paris, France.,Inserm, UMR_S 933, F-75012, Paris, France
| | - Ludovic Huot
- University of Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 8204 - CIIL - Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, F-59000, Lille, France
| | | | - Katja Lautz
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Richard Ruez
- University of Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 8204 - CIIL - Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Myriam Delacre
- University of Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 8204 - CIIL - Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Clovis Bondu
- University of Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 8204 - CIIL - Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Martin Guilliams
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, VIB Inflammation Research Center, 9052, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Internal Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - Charlotte Scott
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, VIB Inflammation Research Center, 9052, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Internal Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - Anthony Segal
- Division of Medicine, University College London, WC1E 6BT, London, UK
| | - Serge Amselem
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 933, F-75012, Paris, France.,Inserm, UMR_S 933, F-75012, Paris, France
| | - David Hot
- University of Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 8204 - CIIL - Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Sonia Karabina
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 933, F-75012, Paris, France.,Inserm, UMR_S 933, F-75012, Paris, France
| | - Erwin Bohn
- Interfakultaeres Institut für Mikrobiologie und Infektionsmedizin, Eberhard Karl Universitat Tuebingen, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Bernhard Ryffel
- CNRS, Orléans University, INEM, UMR 7355, F-45071, Orléans, France
| | - Lionel F Poulin
- University of Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 8204 - CIIL - Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Thomas A Kufer
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Mathias Chamaillard
- University of Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 8204 - CIIL - Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, F-59000, Lille, France.
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222
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Attenuation of Influenza A Virus Disease Severity by Viral Coinfection in a Mouse Model. J Virol 2018; 92:JVI.00881-18. [PMID: 30232180 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00881-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza viruses and rhinoviruses are responsible for a large number of acute respiratory viral infections in human populations and are detected as copathogens within hosts. Clinical and epidemiological studies suggest that coinfection by rhinovirus and influenza virus may reduce disease severity and that they may also interfere with each other's spread within a host population. To determine how coinfection by these two unrelated respiratory viruses affects pathogenesis, we established a mouse model using a minor serogroup rhinovirus (rhinovirus strain 1B [RV1B]) and mouse-adapted influenza A virus (A/Puerto Rico/8/1934 [PR8]). Infection of mice with RV1B 2 days before PR8 reduced the severity of infection by a low or medium, but not high, dose of PR8. Disease attenuation was associated with an early inflammatory response in the lungs and enhanced clearance of PR8. However, coinfection by RV1B did not reduce PR8 viral loads early in infection or inhibit replication of PR8 within respiratory epithelia or in vitro Inflammation in coinfected mice remained focal compared to diffuse inflammation and damage in the lungs of mice infected by PR8. The timing of RV1B coinfection was a critical determinant of protection, suggesting that sufficient time is needed to induce this response. Finally, disease attenuation was not unique to RV1B: dose-dependent coinfection by a murine coronavirus (mouse hepatitis virus strain 1 [MHV-1]) also reduced the severity of PR8 infection. Unlike RV1B, coinfection with MHV-1 reduced early PR8 replication, which was associated with upregulation of beta interferon (IFN-β) expression. This model is critical for understanding the mechanisms responsible for influenza disease attenuation during coinfection by unrelated respiratory viruses.IMPORTANCE Viral infections in the respiratory tract can cause severe disease and are responsible for a majority of pediatric hospitalizations. Molecular diagnostics have revealed that approximately 20% of these patients are infected by more than one unrelated viral pathogen. To understand how viral coinfection affects disease severity, we inoculated mice with a mild viral pathogen (rhinovirus or murine coronavirus), followed 2 days later by a virulent viral pathogen (influenza A virus). This model demonstrated that rhinovirus can reduce the severity of influenza A virus, which corresponded with an early but controlled inflammatory response in the lungs and early clearance of influenza A virus. We further determined the dose and timing parameters that were important for effective disease attenuation and showed that influenza disease is also reduced by coinfection with a murine coronavirus. These findings demonstrate that coinfecting viruses can alter immune responses and pathogenesis in the respiratory tract.
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223
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Andreakos E, Zanoni I, Galani IE. Lambda interferons come to light: dual function cytokines mediating antiviral immunity and damage control. Curr Opin Immunol 2018; 56:67-75. [PMID: 30399529 PMCID: PMC6541392 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2018.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
IFNλs are dual function cytokines mediating antiviral activity and damage control. IFNλs confer initial antimicrobial protection at anatomical barriers without provoking unnecessary inflammation. IFNλs exhibit immune regulatory and host protective actions reminiscent of IL-10. IFNλs form novel therapeutics with the beneficial actions of type I IFNs but lacking their pro-inflammatory side effects.
Lambda interferons (IFNλs, type III IFNs or interleukins-28/29) were described fifteen years ago as novel cytokines sharing structural and functional homology with IL-10 and type I IFNs, respectively. IFNλs engage a unique receptor complex comprising IFNLR1 and IL10R2, nevertheless they share signaling cascade and many functions with type I IFNs, questioning their possible non-redundant roles and overall biological importance. Here, we review the latest evidence establishing the primacy of IFNλs in front line protection at anatomical barriers, mediating antiviral immunity before type I IFNs. We also discuss their emerging role in regulating inflammation and limiting host damage, a major difference to type I IFNs. IFNλs come thus to light as dual function cytokines mediating antiviral immunity and damage control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelos Andreakos
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Center for Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; Airway Disease Infection Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Medical Research Council and Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, Imperial College London, London W2 1NY, United Kingdom.
| | - Ivan Zanoni
- Division of Gastroenterology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Ioanna E Galani
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Center for Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
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224
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Pervolaraki K, Rastgou Talemi S, Albrecht D, Bormann F, Bamford C, Mendoza JL, Garcia KC, McLauchlan J, Höfer T, Stanifer ML, Boulant S. Differential induction of interferon stimulated genes between type I and type III interferons is independent of interferon receptor abundance. PLoS Pathog 2018; 14:e1007420. [PMID: 30485383 PMCID: PMC6287881 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
It is currently believed that type I and III interferons (IFNs) have redundant functions. However, the preferential distribution of type III IFN receptor on epithelial cells suggests functional differences at epithelial surfaces. Here, using human intestinal epithelial cells we could show that although both type I and type III IFNs confer an antiviral state to the cells, they do so with distinct kinetics. Type I IFN signaling is characterized by an acute strong induction of interferon stimulated genes (ISGs) and confers fast antiviral protection. On the contrary, the slow acting type III IFN mediated antiviral protection is characterized by a weaker induction of ISGs in a delayed manner compared to type I IFN. Moreover, while transcript profiling revealed that both IFNs induced a similar set of ISGs, their temporal expression strictly depended on the IFNs, thereby leading to unique antiviral environments. Using a combination of data-driven mathematical modeling and experimental validation, we addressed the molecular reason for this differential kinetic of ISG expression. We could demonstrate that these kinetic differences are intrinsic to each signaling pathway and not due to different expression levels of the corresponding IFN receptors. We report that type III IFN is specifically tailored to act in specific cell types not only due to the restriction of its receptor but also by providing target cells with a distinct antiviral environment compared to type I IFN. We propose that this specific environment is key at surfaces that are often challenged with the extracellular environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalliopi Pervolaraki
- Schaller research group at CellNetworks, Department of Infectious Diseases, Virology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Cellular polarity and viral infection, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Soheil Rastgou Talemi
- Division of Theoretical Systems Biology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- BioQuant Center, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dorothee Albrecht
- Schaller research group at CellNetworks, Department of Infectious Diseases, Virology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Felix Bormann
- Division of Epigenetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Connor Bamford
- MRC- University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Juan L. Mendoza
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology and Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - K. Christopher Garcia
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology and Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - John McLauchlan
- MRC- University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Höfer
- Division of Theoretical Systems Biology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- BioQuant Center, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Megan L. Stanifer
- Schaller research group at CellNetworks, Department of Infectious Diseases, Virology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Steeve Boulant
- Schaller research group at CellNetworks, Department of Infectious Diseases, Virology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Cellular polarity and viral infection, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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225
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Shan Y, Liu ZQ, Li GW, Chen C, Luo H, Liu YJ, Zhuo XH, Shi XF, Fang WH, Li XL. Nucleocapsid protein from porcine epidemic diarrhea virus isolates can antagonize interferon-λ production by blocking the nuclear factor-κB nuclear translocation. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2018; 19:570-580. [PMID: 29971995 PMCID: PMC6052364 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b1700283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is a highly infectious pathogen that can cause severe diseases in pigs and result in enormous economic losses in the worldwide swine industry. Previous studies revealed that PEDV exhibits an obvious capacity for modulating interferon (IFN) signaling or expression. The newly discovered type III IFN, which plays a crucial role in antiviral immunity, has strong antiviral activity against PEDV proliferation in IPEC-J2 cells. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of PEDV nucleocapsid (N) protein on type III IFN-λ. We found that the N proteins of ten PEDV strains isolated between 2013 and 2017 from different local farms shared high nucleotide identities, while the N protein of the CV777 vaccine strain formed a monophyletic branch in the phylogenetic tree. The N protein of the epidemic strain could antagonize type III IFN, but not type I or type II IFN expression induced by polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly(I:C)) in IPEC-J2 cells. Subsequently, we demonstrated that the inhibition of poly(I:C)-induced IFN-λ3 production by PEDV N protein was dependent on the blocking of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) nuclear translocation. These findings might help increase understanding of the pathogenesis of PEDV and its mechanisms for evading the host immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Shan
- Zhejiang Province Key Lab of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Preventive Veterainary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zi-Qi Liu
- Zhejiang Province Key Lab of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Preventive Veterainary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Guo-Wei Li
- Zhejiang Province Key Lab of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Preventive Veterainary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Cong Chen
- Zhejiang Province Key Lab of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Preventive Veterainary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Hao Luo
- Zhejiang Province Key Lab of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Preventive Veterainary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ya-Jie Liu
- Zhejiang Province Key Lab of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Preventive Veterainary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xun-Hui Zhuo
- Institute of Parasitic Disease, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou 310013, China
| | - Xing-Fen Shi
- Animal Products Quality Testing Center of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310020, China
| | - Wei-Huan Fang
- Zhejiang Province Key Lab of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Preventive Veterainary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiao-Liang Li
- Zhejiang Province Key Lab of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Preventive Veterainary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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226
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Rajamanickam A, Munisankar S, Bhootra Y, Dolla C, Nutman TB, Babu S. Elevated Systemic and Parasite-Antigen Stimulated Levels of Type III IFNs in a Chronic Helminth Infection and Reversal Following Anthelmintic Treatment. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2353. [PMID: 30405603 PMCID: PMC6205947 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Type III IFNs are important players in immunity to viral and bacterial infections. However, their association with helminth infections has not been examined. To explore the association of Type III IFNs with Strongyloides stercoralis (Ss) infection, we examined the systemic levels of IFN lambda-1, IFN lambda-2 and IFN lambda-3, IL-10, and CXCL10/IP-10 in Ss infected (INF, n = 44), helminth—uninfected (UN, n = 44) and in post-treatment INF individuals. We also examined the levels of IFN lambda-1, IFN lambda-2 and IFN lambda-3, IL-10, and CXCL10/IP-10 in whole blood culture supernatants stimulated with Ss somatic antigens, or PPD or LPS. Finally, we performed correlations of systemic Type III IFN levels with absolute numbers of dendritic cell subsets. Ss infection is characterized by elevated systemic levels of IFN lambda-1, IFN lambda-2 and IFN lambda-3, IL-10, and CXCL10/IP-10 in comparison to UN individuals and a significant reduction following anthelmintic treatment. Ss infection is also characterized by elevated levels of unstimulated or Ss antigen stimulated levels of IFN lambda-1, IFN lambda-2 and IFN lambda-3, CXCL10/IP-10 and a significant reduction following treatment. In addition, Ss infection is characterized by increased numbers of plasmacytoid and myeloid dendritic cells in comparison to UN individuals, with a significant reduction following anthelmintic treatment of INF individuals. Finally, Ss infection exhibits a significant positive correlation between the systemic levels of IFN lambda-2 and IFN lambda-3 and the numbers of plasmacytoid dendritic cells. Thus, Ss infection is characterized by elevations in systemic and antigen—induced levels of Type III IFNs, which is positively associated with the numbers of plasmacytoid dendritic cells and reversed upon anthelmintic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuradha Rajamanickam
- National Institute of Health-NIRT-International Center for Excellence in Research, Chennai, India
| | - Saravanan Munisankar
- National Institute of Health-NIRT-International Center for Excellence in Research, Chennai, India
| | - Yukthi Bhootra
- National Institute of Health-NIRT-International Center for Excellence in Research, Chennai, India
| | | | - Thomas B Nutman
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Subash Babu
- National Institute of Health-NIRT-International Center for Excellence in Research, Chennai, India.,Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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227
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Jacobs S, Wavreil F, Schepens B, Gad HH, Hartmann R, Rocha-Pereira J, Neyts J, Saelens X, Michiels T. Species Specificity of Type III Interferon Activity and Development of a Sensitive Luciferase-Based Bioassay for Quantitation of Mouse Interferon-λ. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2018; 38:469-479. [PMID: 30335553 PMCID: PMC6249671 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2018.0066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The type III interferon (IFN-λ) family includes 4 IFN-λ subtypes in man. In the mouse, only the genes coding for IFN-λ2 and -λ3 are present. Unlike mouse and human type I IFNs (IFN-α/β), which exhibit strong species specificity, type III IFNs were reported to act in a cross-specific manner. We reexamined the cross-specificity and observed that mouse and human IFN-λ exhibit some species specificity, although much less than type I IFNs. Mouse IFN-λ3 displayed clear species specificity, being 25-fold less active in human cells than the closely related mouse IFN-λ2. This specificity likely depends on amino acids in α helices A and F that diverged from other IFN-λ sequences. Human IFN-λ4, in contrast, retained high activity in mouse cells. We next developed a firefly luciferase-based reporter cell line, named Fawa-λ-luc, to detect IFN-λ in biological fluids with high specificity and sensitivity. Fawa-λ-luc cells, derived from mouse epithelial cells that are responsive to IFN-λ, were made nonresponsive to type I IFNs by inactivation of the Ifnar2 gene and strongly responsive to IFN-λ by overexpression of the mouse IFNLR1. This bioassay was as sensitive as a commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in detecting mouse IFN-λ in cell culture supernatant, as well as in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage samples of virus-infected mice. The assay also enabled the sensitive detection of human IFN-λ activity, including that of the divergent IFN-λ4 with a bias, however, due to variable activity of IFN-λ subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Jacobs
- 1 de Duve Institute , Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Fanny Wavreil
- 1 de Duve Institute , Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bert Schepens
- 2 VIB Center for Medical Biotechnology , VIB, Ghent, Belgium .,3 Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University , Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hans Henrik Gad
- 4 Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University , Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Rune Hartmann
- 4 Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University , Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Joana Rocha-Pereira
- 5 Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KU Leuven, Rega Institute for Medical Research , Leuven, Belgium
| | - Johan Neyts
- 5 Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KU Leuven, Rega Institute for Medical Research , Leuven, Belgium
| | - Xavier Saelens
- 2 VIB Center for Medical Biotechnology , VIB, Ghent, Belgium .,3 Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University , Ghent, Belgium
| | - Thomas Michiels
- 1 de Duve Institute , Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
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228
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A polymorphic residue that attenuates the antiviral potential of interferon lambda 4 in hominid lineages. PLoS Pathog 2018; 14:e1007307. [PMID: 30308076 PMCID: PMC6181419 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
As antimicrobial signalling molecules, type III or lambda interferons (IFNλs) are critical for defence against infection by diverse pathogens, including bacteria, fungi and viruses. Counter-intuitively, expression of one member of the family, IFNλ4, is associated with decreased clearance of hepatitis C virus (HCV) in the human population; by contrast, a natural frameshift mutation that abrogates IFNλ4 production improves HCV clearance. To further understand how genetic variation between and within species affects IFNλ4 function, we screened a panel of all known extant coding variants of human IFNλ4 for their antiviral potential and identify three that substantially affect activity: P70S, L79F and K154E. The most notable variant was K154E, which was found in African Congo rainforest ‘Pygmy’ hunter-gatherers. K154E greatly enhanced in vitro activity in a range of antiviral (HCV, Zika virus, influenza virus and encephalomyocarditis virus) and gene expression assays. Remarkably, E154 is the ancestral residue in mammalian IFNλ4s and is extremely well conserved, yet K154 has been fixed throughout evolution of the hominid genus Homo, including Neanderthals. Compared to chimpanzee IFNλ4, the human orthologue had reduced activity due to amino acid K154. Comparison of published gene expression data from humans and chimpanzees showed that this difference in activity between K154 and E154 in IFNλ4 correlates with differences in antiviral gene expression in vivo during HCV infection. Mechanistically, our data show that the human-specific K154 negatively affects IFNλ4 activity through a novel means by reducing its secretion and potency. We thus demonstrate that attenuated activity of IFNλ4 is conserved among humans and postulate that differences in IFNλ4 activity between species contribute to distinct host-specific responses to—and outcomes of—infection, such as HCV infection. The driver of reduced IFNλ4 antiviral activity in humans remains unknown but likely arose between 6 million and 360,000 years ago in Africa. Natural genetic variation and its influence on the outcome of viral infection is a topical area given the wealth of genetic data now available. However, understanding how clinical phenotype is affected by genetic variation at the molecular level is often lacking yet critical for any insight into immunity and disease. It is known that variants in the antiviral ‘interferon lambda 4’ (IFNL4) gene significantly influence outcome of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in humans. Counter-intuitively, those producing IFNL4 have greater risk of establishing chronic HCV infection, compared to individuals with an inactive variant, although the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. From a comprehensive screen of all natural human variants, we show that the most common form of IFNλ4 is less able to protect human cells from pathogenic virus infection than the equivalent protein from our closest living relative the chimpanzee. This is as a result of a single amino acid substitution that impedes its release from cells and reduces antiviral gene expression. Our observed differences in activity correlated with divergent host responses in HCV-infected livers from humans and chimpanzees. We suggest that human IFNL4 evolution places humans at a disadvantage when infected with pathogens such as HCV.
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229
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Wells AI, Coyne CB. Type III Interferons in Antiviral Defenses at Barrier Surfaces. Trends Immunol 2018; 39:848-858. [PMID: 30219309 PMCID: PMC6179363 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2018.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Barrier surfaces such as the epithelium lining the respiratory and gastrointestinal (GI) tracts, the endothelium comprising the blood-brain barrier (BBB), and placental trophoblasts provide key physical and immunological protection against viruses. These barriers utilize nonredundant mechanisms to suppress viral infections including the production of interferons (IFNs), which induce a strong antiviral state following receptor binding. However, whereas type I IFNs control infection systemically, type III IFNs (IFN-λs) control infection locally at barrier surfaces and are often preferentially induced by these cells. In this review we focus on the role of IFN-λ at barrier surfaces, focusing on the respiratory and GI tracts, the BBB, and the placenta, and on how these IFNs act to suppress viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra I Wells
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC), Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | - Carolyn B Coyne
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC), Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA.
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230
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Niwa M, Fujisawa T, Mori K, Yamanaka K, Yasui H, Suzuki Y, Karayama M, Hozumi H, Furuhashi K, Enomoto N, Nakamura Y, Inui N, Suzuki T, Maekawa M, Suda T. IL-17A Attenuates IFN-λ Expression by Inducing Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling Expression in Airway Epithelium. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 201:2392-2402. [PMID: 30224514 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1800147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
IFN-λ is a cytokine expressed in epithelial tissues and plays a central role in antiviral mucosal immune response. The expression of IFN-λ in the airway is impaired in chronic airway diseases (e.g., asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease), which renders patients susceptible to viral infection. IL-17A is associated with asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease pathogenesis; however, IL-17A regulation of IFN-λ expression remains unclear. The aim of the current study is to clarify IL-17A-mediated regulatory mechanisms of IFN-λ expression in human airway epithelial cells. In this study, we have shown that polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (polyI:C) and influenza A virus (IAV) infection increased IFN-λ expression at mRNA and protein levels in primary cultures of normal human bronchial epithelial cells, whereas IL-17A attenuated polyI:C- or IAV-induced IFN-λ expression. IFN-λ receptor 1 knockdown and a JAK inhibitor, ruxolitinib, attenuated polyI:C-induced IFN-λ expression, confirming that a positive autocrine feedback loop, the IFN-λ receptor-JAK-STAT pathway, was involved in IFN-λ expression. In Western blotting analysis, we demonstrated that polyI:C and IAV infection induced STAT1 phosphorylation in normal human bronchial epithelial cells, whereas IL-17A suppressed polyI:C- or IAV-mediated STAT1 phosphorylation. Furthermore, we found that cotreatment with IL-17A and polyI:C or IAV infection synergistically increased suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS)1 and SOCS3 expression. SOCS1 small interfering RNA and SOCS3 small interfering RNA negated the inhibitory effect of IL-17A in polyI:C-induced IFN-λ expression by restoring attenuated STAT1 phosphorylation. Taken together, these findings indicate that IL-17A attenuates virus-induced IFN-λ expression by enhancing SOCS1 and SOCS3 expression to inhibit autocrine signaling loops in human airway epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuru Niwa
- Second Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Fujisawa
- Second Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan;
| | - Kazutaka Mori
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shizuoka City Shimizu Hospital, Shizuoka 424-8636, Japan
| | - Katsumasa Yamanaka
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan
| | - Hideki Yasui
- Second Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan
| | - Yuzo Suzuki
- Second Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan
| | - Masato Karayama
- Second Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan
| | - Hironao Hozumi
- Second Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan
| | - Kazuki Furuhashi
- Second Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Enomoto
- Second Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan
| | - Yutaro Nakamura
- Second Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan
| | - Naoki Inui
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan; and
| | - Tetsuro Suzuki
- Department of Virology and Parasitology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan
| | - Masato Maekawa
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan
| | - Takafumi Suda
- Second Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan
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231
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Davidson S. Treating Influenza Infection, From Now and Into the Future. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1946. [PMID: 30250466 PMCID: PMC6139312 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza viruses (IVs) are a continual threat to global health. The high mutation rate of the IV genome makes this virus incredibly successful, genetic drift allows for annual epidemics which result in thousands of deaths and millions of hospitalizations. Moreover, the emergence of new strains through genetic shift (e.g., swine-origin influenza A) can cause devastating global outbreaks of infection. Neuraminidase inhibitors (NAIs) are currently used to treat IV infection and act directly on viral proteins to halt IV spread. However, effectivity is limited late in infection and drug resistance can develop. New therapies which target highly conserved features of IV such as antibodies to the stem region of hemagglutinin or the IV RNA polymerase inhibitor: Favipiravir are currently in clinical trials. Compared to NAIs, these treatments have a higher tolerance for resistance and a longer therapeutic window and therefore, may prove more effective. However, clinical and experimental evidence has demonstrated that it is not just viral spread, but also the host inflammatory response and damage to the lung epithelium which dictate the outcome of IV infection. Therapeutic regimens for IV infection should therefore also regulate the host inflammatory response and protect epithelial cells from unnecessary cell death. Anti-inflammatory drugs such as etanercept, statins or cyclooxygenase enzyme 2 inhibitors may temper IV induced inflammation, demonstrating the possibility of repurposing these drugs as single or adjunct therapies for IV infection. IV binds to sialic acid receptors on the host cell surface to initiate infection and productive IV replication is primarily restricted to airway epithelial cells. Accordingly, targeting therapies to the epithelium will directly inhibit IV spread while minimizing off target consequences, such as over activation of immune cells. The neuraminidase mimic Fludase cleaves sialic acid receptors from the epithelium to inhibit IV entry to cells. While type III interferons activate an antiviral gene program in epithelial cells with minimal perturbation to the IV specific immune response. This review discusses the above-mentioned candidate anti-IV therapeutics and others at the preclinical and clinical trial stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Davidson
- Inflammation Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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232
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Li Q, Wu H, Liao W, Zhao M, Chan V, Li L, Zheng M, Chen G, Zhang J, Lau CS, Lu Q. A comprehensive review of immune-mediated dermatopathology in systemic lupus erythematosus. J Autoimmun 2018; 93:1-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2018.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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233
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Who's Driving? Human Cytomegalovirus, Interferon, and NFκB Signaling. Viruses 2018; 10:v10090447. [PMID: 30134546 PMCID: PMC6163874 DOI: 10.3390/v10090447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
As essential components of the host's innate immune response, NFκB and interferon signaling are critical determinants of the outcome of infection. Over the past 25 years, numerous Human Cytomegalovirus (HCMV) genes have been identified that antagonize or modulate the signaling of these pathways. Here we review the biology of the HCMV factors that alter NFκB and interferon signaling, including what is currently known about how these viral genes contribute to infection and persistence, as well as the major outstanding questions that remain.
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234
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Valadkhan S, Plasek LM. Long Non-Coding RNA-Mediated Regulation of the Interferon Response: A New Perspective on a Familiar Theme. Pathog Immun 2018. [PMID: 30135954 PMCID: PMC6101671 DOI: 10.20411/pai.v3i1.252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The interferon (IFN) response is a critical and ubiquitous component of the innate immune response to pathogens. Detailed studies in the last decades have elucidated the function of a large number of proteins that mediate the complex signaling pathways and gene expression programs involved in the interferon response. The recent discovery of the long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) as a new category of cellular effectors has led to studies aiming to understand the role of these transcripts in the IFN response. Several high throughput studies have shown that a large number of lncRNAs are differentially expressed following IFN stimulation and/or viral infections. In-depth study of a very small fraction of the identified lncRNAs has revealed critical roles for this class of transcripts in the regulation of multiple steps of the IFN response, and pointed to the presence of an extensive RNA-mediated regulatory network during the antiviral response. As the vast majority of the identified potential regulatory lncRNAs remain unstudied, it is highly likely that future studies will reveal a completely new perspective on the regulation of the IFN response, with lncRNA- and protein-mediated regulatory networks coordinating the duration, magnitude, and character of this aspect of the innate immune response. In addition to providing a more complete picture of the IFN response, these studies will likely identify new therapeutic targets that in the long term may impact the therapeutic options available against microbial infections and diseases of the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Valadkhan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Leah M Plasek
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
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Dang W, Xu L, Yin Y, Chen S, Wang W, Hakim MS, Chang KO, Peppelenbosch MP, Pan Q. IRF-1, RIG-I and MDA5 display potent antiviral activities against norovirus coordinately induced by different types of interferons. Antiviral Res 2018; 155:48-59. [PMID: 29753657 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2018.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2018] [Revised: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Norovirus represents the main cause of acute nonbacterial gastroenteritis worldwide. In immunocompromised patients, it bears high risk of causing chronic infection with significant morbidity and mortality. The lack of specific treatment prompts the development of anti-norovirus agents. In this study, we have investigated the role of interferon (IFN) response and evaluated antiviral activities of different IFNs against human norovirus (HuNoV) replication using a HuNoV replicon model. We found that HuNoV RNA replication was sensitive to all types of IFNs, including IFNα (type I), IFNγ (type II), IFNλ1 and 3 (type III). IFNs canonically induce interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) to exert their antiviral activities. By profiling a subset of important human ISGs using an overexpression approach, we have identified RTP4 and HPSE as moderate anti-norovirus ISGs, whereas IRF-1, RIG-I (also known as DDX58) and MDA5 (also known as IFIH1) were identified as potent anti-norovirus effectors. Interestingly, type I and III IFNs coordinately induced IRF-1, RIG-I and MDA5; whereas type II IFN predominantly induced IRF-1 to exhibit their anti-norovirus activities. Combination of different IFNs revealed that IFNγ worked cooperatively with type I or type III IFNs to induce ISGs and subsequently inhibit HuNoV replication. Of note, replication of HuNoV did not interfere with antiviral IFN response. In summary, we showed the potent anti-norovirus activities of different types of IFNs and identified the key anti-norovirus effectors. These findings are important for understanding norovirus-host interactions and developing antiviral therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Dang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Lei Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Yuebang Yin
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sunrui Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Wenshi Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Mohamad S Hakim
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Kyeong-Ok Chang
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, USA
| | - Maikel P Peppelenbosch
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Qiuwei Pan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.
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STAT2-Dependent Immune Responses Ensure Host Survival despite the Presence of a Potent Viral Antagonist. J Virol 2018; 92:JVI.00296-18. [PMID: 29743368 PMCID: PMC6026732 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00296-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
A pathogen encounter induces interferons, which signal via Janus kinases and STAT transcription factors to establish an antiviral state. However, the host and pathogens are situated in a continuous arms race which shapes host evolution toward optimized immune responses and the pathogens toward enhanced immune-evasive properties. Mouse cytomegalovirus (MCMV) counteracts interferon responses by pM27-mediated degradation of STAT2, which directly affects the signaling of type I as well as type III interferons. Using MCMV mutants lacking M27 and mice lacking STAT2, we studied the opposing relationship between antiviral activities and viral antagonism in a natural host-pathogen pair in vitro and in vivo In contrast to wild-type (wt) MCMV, ΔM27 mutant MCMV was efficiently cleared from all organs within a few days in BALB/c, C57BL/6, and 129 mice, highlighting the general importance of STAT2 antagonism for MCMV replication. Despite this effective and relevant STAT2 antagonism, wt and STAT2-deficient mice exhibited fundamentally different susceptibilities to MCMV infections. MCMV replication was increased in all assessed organs (e.g., liver, spleen, lungs, and salivary glands) of STAT2-deficient mice, resulting in mortality during the first week after infection. Taken together, the results of our study reveal the importance of cytomegaloviral interferon antagonism for viral replication as well as a pivotal role of the remaining STAT2 activity for host survival. This mutual influence establishes a stable evolutionary standoff situation with fatal consequences when the equilibrium is disturbed.IMPORTANCE The host limits viral replication by the use of interferons (IFNs), which signal via STAT proteins. Several viruses evolved antagonists targeting STATs to antagonize IFNs (e.g., cytomegaloviruses, Zika virus, dengue virus, and several paramyxoviruses). We analyzed infections caused by MCMV expressing or lacking the STAT2 antagonist pM27 in STAT2-deficient and control mice to evaluate its importance for the host and the virus in vitro and in vivo The inability to counteract STAT2 directly translates into exaggerated IFN susceptibility in vitro and pronounced attenuation in vivo Thus, the antiviral activity mediated by IFNs via STAT2-dependent signaling drove the development of a potent MCMV-encoded STAT2 antagonist which became indispensable for efficient virus replication and spread to organs required for dissemination. Despite this clear impact of viral STAT2 antagonism, the host critically required the remaining STAT2 activity to prevent overt disease and mortality upon MCMV infection. Our findings highlight a remarkably delicate balance between host and virus.
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Ran M, Huang J, Liang H, Jiang J, Liang B, Ning C, Zang N, Liao W, Liu H, Qin F, Yang Q, Ho W, Ye L, Chen H. Alcohol attenuates anti-HCV function of IFN-λ1 through up-regulation of PLASy expression in human hepatic cells. J Med Virol 2018; 90:1112-1120. [PMID: 29446489 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.25053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol could compromise the anti-hepatitis C virus (HCV) function of interferon-alpha (IFN-α). However, little information is available about the effect of alcohol on interferon-lambda (IFN-λ, type III IFN), a novel candidate for development of therapy for HCV infection. Huh7 cells were infected with HCV JFH-1 virus, then treated with alcohol, and/or IFN-λ1. RT-PCR and Western blot were used to detect the levels of HCV and key cellular factors. Overexpression or silencing expression was performed to verify the role of key factors in alcohol-attenuated anti-HCV function of IFN-λ1. Alcohol treatment compromised anti-HCV effect of IFN-λ1 in HCV JFH-1-infected Huh7 cells, evidenced by the significantly increased levels of HCV RNA, and HCV core protein in alcohol-/IFN-λ1-treated cells compared to cells with IFN-λ1 treatment alone. Investigation of the mechanisms responsible for the alcohol action revealed that alcohol enhanced the expression of protein inhibitor of activated STAT (PIASy). Overexpression of PIASy compromised anti-HCV ability of IFN-λ1, whereas silencing expression of PIASy partly restored the alcohol-attenuated anti-HCV effect of IFN-λ1. More importantly, overexpression of PIASy significantly down-regulated the level of IFN-λ1-indcued phosphorylation of STAT1 (p-STAT1), an important adaptor in IFN-λ pathway, as well as reduced the expression of IFN-λ1-induced IFN-stimulated genes 56 (ISG56), and myxovirus resistance 1 (Mx1), two antiviral effectors in in IFN-λ pathway. These findings indicate that alcohol, through inducing the expression of negative regulator in IFN-λ pathway, inhibits IFN-λ-mediated anti-HCV action in human hepatic cells, which may lead to the poor efficacy of IFN-λ-based therapy against HCV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meihua Ran
- Geriatrics Digestion Department of Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment & Guangxi Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Disease, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Jiegang Huang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment & Guangxi Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Disease, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Hao Liang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment & Guangxi Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Disease, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedicine, Life Sciences Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Junjun Jiang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment & Guangxi Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Disease, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Bingyu Liang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment & Guangxi Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Disease, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Chuanyi Ning
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment & Guangxi Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Disease, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedicine, Life Sciences Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Ning Zang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment & Guangxi Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Disease, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedicine, Life Sciences Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Weibo Liao
- Geriatrics Digestion Department of Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment & Guangxi Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Disease, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Huifang Liu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment & Guangxi Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Disease, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedicine, Life Sciences Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Fengxiang Qin
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment & Guangxi Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Disease, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Quanlue Yang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment & Guangxi Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Disease, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Wenzhe Ho
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Li Ye
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment & Guangxi Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Disease, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Geriatrics Digestion Department of Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment & Guangxi Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Disease, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
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Nice TJ, Robinson BA, Van Winkle JA. The Role of Interferon in Persistent Viral Infection: Insights from Murine Norovirus. Trends Microbiol 2018; 26:510-524. [PMID: 29157967 PMCID: PMC5957778 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2017.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Persistent viral infections result from evasion or avoidance of sterilizing immunity, extend the timeframe of virus transmission, and can trigger disease. Prior studies in mouse models of persistent infection have suggested that ineffective adaptive immune responses are necessary for persistent viral infection. However, recent work in the murine norovirus (MNV) model of persistent infection demonstrates that innate immunity can control both early and persistent viral replication independently of adaptive immune effector functions. Interferons (IFNs) are central to the innate control of persistent MNV, apart from a role in modulating adaptive immunity. Furthermore, subtypes of IFN play distinct tissue-specific roles in innate control of persistent MNV infection. Type I IFN (IFN-α/β) controls systemic replication, and type III IFN (IFN-λ) controls MNV persistence in the intestinal epithelium. In this article, we review recent findings in the MNV model, highlighting the role of IFNs and innate immunity in clearing persistent viral infection, and discussing the broader implications of these findings for control of persistent human infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J Nice
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
| | - Bridget A Robinson
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Jacob A Van Winkle
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
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Gimeno Brias S, Marsden M, Forbester J, Clement M, Brandt C, Harcourt K, Kane L, Chapman L, Clare S, Humphreys IR. Interferon lambda is required for interferon gamma-expressing NK cell responses but does not afford antiviral protection during acute and persistent murine cytomegalovirus infection. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0197596. [PMID: 29768502 PMCID: PMC5955543 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0197596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Interferon lambda (IFNλ) is a group of cytokines that belong to the IL-10 family. They exhibit antiviral activities against certain viruses during infection of the liver and mucosal tissues. Here we report that IFNλ restricts in vitro replication of the β-herpesvirus murine cytomegalovirus (mCMV). However, IFNλR1-deficient (Ifnλr1-/-) mice were not preferentially susceptible to mCMV infection in vivo during acute infection after systemic or mucosal challenge, or during virus persistence in the mucosa. Instead, our studies revealed that IFNλ influences NK cell responses during mCMV infection. Ifnλr1-/- mice exhibited defective development of conventional interferon-gamma (IFNγ)-expressing NK cells in the spleen during mCMV infection whereas accumulation of granzyme B-expressing NK cells was unaltered. In vitro, development of splenic IFNγ+ NK cells following stimulation with IL-12 or, to a lesser extent, IL-18 was abrogated by IFNλR1-deficiency. Thus, IFNλ regulates NK cell responses during mCMV infection and restricts virus replication in vitro but is redundant in the control of acute and persistent mCMV replication within mucosal and non-mucosal tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Gimeno Brias
- Institute of Infection Immunity, School of Medicine/Systems Immunity University Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Morgan Marsden
- Institute of Infection Immunity, School of Medicine/Systems Immunity University Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Jessica Forbester
- Institute of Infection Immunity, School of Medicine/Systems Immunity University Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom
| | - Mathew Clement
- Institute of Infection Immunity, School of Medicine/Systems Immunity University Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Cordelia Brandt
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom
| | - Katherine Harcourt
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom
| | - Leanne Kane
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom
| | - Lucy Chapman
- Institute of Infection Immunity, School of Medicine/Systems Immunity University Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Clare
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom
| | - Ian R. Humphreys
- Institute of Infection Immunity, School of Medicine/Systems Immunity University Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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240
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Expression and purification of biologically active bovine Interferon λ3 (IL28B) in Pichia pastoris. Protein Expr Purif 2018; 145:14-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2017.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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241
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Chen J, Markelc B, Kaeppler J, Ogundipe VML, Cao Y, McKenna WG, Muschel RJ. STING-Dependent Interferon-λ1 Induction in HT29 Cells, a Human Colorectal Cancer Cell Line, After Gamma-Radiation. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2018; 101:97-106. [PMID: 29619982 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2018.01.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the induction of type III interferons (IFNs) in human cancer cells by gamma-rays. METHODS AND MATERIALS Type III IFN expression in human cancer cell lines after gamma-ray irradiation in vitro was assessed by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Signaling pathways mediating type III IFN induction were examined by a variety of means, including immunoblotting, flow cytometry, confocal imaging, and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Key mediators in these pathways were further explored and validated using gene CRISPR knockout or short hairpin RNA knockdown. RESULTS Exposure to gamma-rays directly induced type III IFNs (mainly IFNL1) in human cancer cell lines in dose- and time-dependent fashions. The induction of IFNL1 was primarily mediated by the cytosolic DNA sensors-STING-TBK1-IRF1 signaling axis, with a lesser contribution from the nuclear factor kappa b signaling in HT29 cells. In addition, type III IFN signaling through its receptors serves as a positive feedback loop, further enhancing IFN expression via up-regulation of the kinases in the STING-TBK1 signaling axis. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that IFNL1 can be up-regulated in human cancer cell lines after gamma-ray treatment. In HT29 cells this induction occurs via the STING pathway, adding another layer of complexity to the understanding of radiation-induced antitumor immunity, and may provide novel insights into IFN-based cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianzhou Chen
- CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Bostjan Markelc
- CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Jakob Kaeppler
- CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Vivian M L Ogundipe
- CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Yunhong Cao
- CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - W Gillies McKenna
- CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ruth J Muschel
- CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
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242
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Klinkhammer J, Schnepf D, Ye L, Schwaderlapp M, Gad HH, Hartmann R, Garcin D, Mahlakõiv T, Staeheli P. IFN-λ prevents influenza virus spread from the upper airways to the lungs and limits virus transmission. eLife 2018; 7:33354. [PMID: 29651984 PMCID: PMC5953542 DOI: 10.7554/elife.33354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Host factors restricting the transmission of respiratory viruses are poorly characterized. We analyzed the contribution of type I and type III interferon (IFN) using a mouse model in which the virus is selectively administered to the upper airways, mimicking a natural respiratory virus infection. Mice lacking functional IFN-λ receptors (Ifnlr1−/−) no longer restricted virus dissemination from the upper airways to the lungs. Ifnlr1−/− mice shed significantly more infectious virus particles via the nostrils and transmitted the virus much more efficiently to naïve contacts compared with wild-type mice or mice lacking functional type I IFN receptors. Prophylactic treatment with IFN-α or IFN-λ inhibited initial virus replication in all parts of the respiratory tract, but only IFN-λ conferred long-lasting antiviral protection in the upper airways and blocked virus transmission. Thus, IFN-λ has a decisive and non-redundant function in the upper airways that greatly limits transmission of respiratory viruses to naïve contacts. Influenza (‘the flu’) and other respiratory viruses make millions of people ill every year, placing a large burden on the healthcare system and the economy. Unfortunately, few options for preventing or treating these infections currently exist. The flu virus spreads from infected individuals, enters a new host through the nose and establishes an infection in the upper airways. If the infection stays restricted to this region of the respiratory tract – which consists of the nasal cavity, sinuses, throat and larynx – it causes a rather mild disease. However, if it spreads to the lungs it can cause potentially life-threatening viral pneumonia. Epithelial cells line the upper respiratory tract, forming a physical border between the outside world and the human body. These cells are therefore the first to face the incoming virus. In response, the epithelial cells release messenger molecules termed interferons that warn nearby cells to increase their antiviral defenses. There are several subtypes of interferons, such as IFN-α, IFN-β and IFN-λ, but it was not known how each subtype helps to combat respiratory viruses. To investigate, Klinkhammer, Schnepf et al. exposed mice to flu viruses in a way that mimicked how an infection would naturally start in the upper airways in humans. Some of the mice were genetically engineered so that they could not respond to either IFN-α/β or IFN-λ. The virus spread most effectively from the nasal cavity to the lungs in mice whose IFN-λ system was defective. Infections in mice that lacked IFN-λ were also more likely to spread to other individuals. Furthermore, treating mice with IFN-λ, but not IFN-α, gave their upper respiratory tract long-lasting protection against flu infections and prevented the spread of the virus. IFN-λ therefore has a specific and significant role in protecting the upper airways against viruses, and could potentially be used as a drug to block the spread of infections between humans. Currently, IFN-λ is in clinical trials as a potential treatment for hepatitis D. To repurpose it for upper respiratory tract infections, its effectiveness against specific respiratory viruses will first have to be evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Klinkhammer
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,MOTI-VATE Graduate School, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Schnepf
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine (SGBM), Albert Ludwigs University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Liang Ye
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Hans Henrik Gad
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Rune Hartmann
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Dominique Garcin
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Tanel Mahlakõiv
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Peter Staeheli
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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243
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Silent infection of human dendritic cells by African and Asian strains of Zika virus. Sci Rep 2018; 8:5440. [PMID: 29615676 PMCID: PMC5882923 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-23734-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
While Zika virus (ZIKV) circulated for decades (African lineage strains) without report of outbreaks and severe complications, its emergence in French Polynesia and subsequently in the Americas (Asian lineage strains) was associated with description of severe neurological defects in newborns/neonates and adults. With the aim to identify virus lineage-dependent factors, we compared cell susceptibility, virus replication, cell death and innate immune responses following infection with two African and three contemporary Asian lineage strains of ZIKV. To this end, we used green monkey Vero and Aedes albopictus C6/36 cells and human monocyte-derived dendritic cells (DCs). The latter are involved in the pathogenesis of several mosquito-borne Flavivirus infections. In Vero and C6/36 cells, we observed strain- but not lineage-dependent differences in infection profiles. Nevertheless, in human DCs, no significant differences in susceptibility and virus replication were found between lineages and strains. ZIKV induced antiviral interferon type I/III in a limited fashion, with the exception of one African strain. None of the strains induced cell death or DC maturation in terms of MHC II, CD40, CD80/86 or CCR7 expression. Taken together, our data suggest that a large collection of virus isolates needs to be investigated before conclusions on lineage differences can be made.
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244
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Escalante-Gaytán J, Reyes-Lagos JJ, Peña-Castillo MÁ, Echeverría JC, García-González MT, Becerril-Villanueva E, Pavón L, Ledesma-Ramírez CI, Ayala-Yáñez R, González-Camarena R, Pacheco-López G. Associations of Immunological Markers and Anthropometric Measures with Linear and Nonlinear Electrohysterographic Parameters at Term Active Labor. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.3233/nib-170127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Escalante-Gaytán
- Autonomous University of the State of Mexico (UAEMex), Faculty of Medicine, Toluca, Mexico
| | | | - Miguel Ángel Peña-Castillo
- Metropolitan Autonomous University (UAM), Campus Iztapalapa, Division of Basic Sciences and Engineering, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Juan Carlos Echeverría
- Metropolitan Autonomous University (UAM), Campus Iztapalapa, Division of Basic Sciences and Engineering, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - María Teresa García-González
- Metropolitan Autonomous University (UAM), Campus Iztapalapa, Division of Basic Sciences and Engineering, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Lenin Pavón
- Department of Psychoimmunology, National Institute of Psychiatry, “Ramón de la Fuente”, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | | | - Ramón González-Camarena
- Metropolitan Autonomous University (UAM), Campus Iztapalapa, Division of Biological and Health Sciences, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gustavo Pacheco-López
- Metropolitan Autonomous University (UAM), Campus Lerma, Division of Biological and Health Sciences, Lerma, Mexico
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
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245
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Zuo C, Sheng X, Ma M, Xia M, Ouyang L. ISG15 in the tumorigenesis and treatment of cancer: An emerging role in malignancies of the digestive system. Oncotarget 2018; 7:74393-74409. [PMID: 27626310 PMCID: PMC5342061 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The interferon-stimulated gene 15 ubiquitin-like modifier (ISG15) encodes an IFN-inducible, ubiquitin-like protein. The ISG15 protein forms conjugates with numerous cellular proteins that are involved in a multitude of cellular functions, including interferon-induced immune responses and the regulation of cellular protein turnover. The expression of ISG15 and ISG15-mediated conjugation has been implicated in a wide range of human tumors and cancer cell lines, but the roles of ISG15 in tumorigenesis and responses to anticancer treatments remain largely unknown. In this review, we discuss the findings of recent studies with regard to the role of ISG15 pathways in cancers of the digestive system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaohui Zuo
- Department of Gastroduodenal and Pancreatic Surgery, Translation Medicine Research Center of Liver Cancer, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Graduate School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Xinyi Sheng
- Graduate School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Min Ma
- Department of Gastroduodenal and Pancreatic Surgery, Translation Medicine Research Center of Liver Cancer, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Man Xia
- Laboratory of Digestive Oncology, Hunan Province Cancer Institute, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Linda Ouyang
- Laboratory of Digestive Oncology, Hunan Province Cancer Institute, Changsha, Hunan, China
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246
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Zeng M, Chen S, Zhang J, Wu Z, Wang M, Jia R, Zhu D, Liu M, Sun K, Yang Q, Wu Y, Zhao X, Cheng A. Molecular identification of goose (Anser cygnoide) suppressor ubiquitin-specific protease 18 (USP18) and the effects of goose IFN and TMUV on its comparative transcripts. Poult Sci 2018; 97:1022-1031. [PMID: 29267974 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pex322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitin-specific protease 18 (USP18) is known as an inhibition factor and has been associated with the innate immune response to pathogens. USP18 is the only deconjugating protease with specificity for interferon-stimulated gene 15 (ISG15), which is supposed to be missing in birds. To analyze the efficacy of goose USP18 (goUSP18) against Tembusu virus (TMUV) infection, we first cloned USP18 homologous cDNA from TMUV infected geese. The coding sequence was 1131 bp, and the deduced amino acid sequence shared conserved motifs with its homologues. Tissue-specific expression has shown that goUSP18 transcripts are strongly expressed in the spleen and liver of adult geese, as well as in the pancreas of goslings. Moreover, the goUSP18 transcripts were induced by goose interferons (goIFN) in goose embryo fibroblasts (GEF) and by TLR ligands in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Notably, goUSP18 transcripts were highly up-regulated by TMUV infection compared to the basal level in uninfected birds. Taken together, these results suggested that goUSP18 was involved in host innate immunity against TMUV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Zeng
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - S Chen
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China.,Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - J Zhang
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Z Wu
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - M Wang
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China.,Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - R Jia
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China.,Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - D Zhu
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China.,Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - M Liu
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China.,Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - K Sun
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China.,Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Q Yang
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China.,Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Y Wu
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China.,Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - X Zhao
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China.,Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - A Cheng
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China.,Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
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247
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Abstract
The cellular tropism of noroviruses in immune-competent hosts remains enigmatic. In recent studies in Cell Host & Microbe and Immunity, Lee et al. (2017) and Tomov et al. (2017) determine that norovirus innate immune evasion enables infection of intestinal epithelial cells, escape from adaptive immunity, virus persistence, and shedding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja M Best
- Innate Immunity and Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Virology, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, 903 South Fourth Street, Hamilton, MT 59840, USA.
| | - Shelly J Robertson
- Innate Immunity and Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Virology, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, 903 South Fourth Street, Hamilton, MT 59840, USA
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248
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Gao X, Yuan YY, Lin QF, Xu JC, Wang WQ, Qiao YH, Kang DY, Bai D, Xin F, Huang SS, Qiu SW, Guan LP, Su Y, Wang GJ, Han MY, Jiang Y, Liu HK, Dai P. Mutation of IFNLR1, an interferon lambda receptor 1, is associated with autosomal-dominant non-syndromic hearing loss. J Med Genet 2018; 55:298-306. [PMID: 29453195 PMCID: PMC5931241 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2017-104954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Background Hereditary sensorineural hearing loss is a genetically heterogeneous disorder. Objectives This study was designed to explore the genetic etiology of deafness in a large Chinese family with autosomal dominant, nonsyndromic, progressive sensorineural hearing loss (ADNSHL). Methods Whole exome sequencing and linkage analysis were performed to identify pathogenic mutation. Inner ear expression of Ifnlr1 was investigated by immunostaining in mice. ifnlr1 Morpholino knockdown Zebrafish were constructed to explore the deafness mechanism. Results We identified a cosegregating heterozygous missense mutation, c.296G>A (p.Arg99His) in the gene encoding interferon lambda receptor 1 (IFNLR1) - a protein that functions in the Jak/ STAT pathway- are associated with ADNSHL Morpholino knockdown of ifnlr1 leads to a significant decrease in hair cells and non-inflation of the swim bladder in late-stage zebrafish, which can be reversed by injection with normal Zebrafish ifnlr1 mRNA. Knockdown of ifnlr1 in zebrafish causes significant upregulation of cytokine receptor family member b4 (interleukin-10r2), jak1, tyrosine kinase 2, stat3, and stat5b in the Jak1/STAT3 pathway at the mRNA level. ConclusionIFNLR1 function is required in the auditory system and that IFNLR1 mutations are associated with ADNSHL. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study implicating an interferon lambda receptor in auditory function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Gao
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,Department of Otolaryngology, The General Hospital of the PLA Rocket Force, Beijing, China
| | - Yong-Yi Yuan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qiong-Fen Lin
- BGI-Shenzhen, Beishan Industrial Zone, Shenzhen, China.,China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jin-Cao Xu
- Department of Otolaryngology, The General Hospital of the PLA Rocket Force, Beijing, China
| | - Wei-Qian Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, The General Hospital of the PLA Rocket Force, Beijing, China
| | - Yue-Hua Qiao
- Department of Audiology and Balance Science, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Dong-Yang Kang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Bai
- Department of Otolaryngology, Xi'an Medical College, Xi'an, China
| | - Feng Xin
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Sha-Sha Huang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shi-Wei Qiu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,Department of Audiology and Balance Science, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Li-Ping Guan
- BGI-Shenzhen, Beishan Industrial Zone, Shenzhen, China.,China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yu Su
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Guo-Jian Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ming-Yu Han
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Jiang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,Department of Otolaryngology, Fujian Medical University ShengLi Clinical College, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Han-Kui Liu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Beishan Industrial Zone, Shenzhen, China.,China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Pu Dai
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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249
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Zhang H, Liu Q, Su W, Wang J, Sun Y, Zhang J, Shang K, Chen Z, Cheng S, Wu H. Genome-wide analysis of differentially expressed genes and the modulation of PEDV infection in Vero E6 cells. Microb Pathog 2018; 117:247-254. [PMID: 29408315 PMCID: PMC7125602 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2018.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PEDV remains one of the most important swine diseases that infects pigs of all ages. It causes devastating viral enteric disease in piglets with a high mortality rate, leading to significant threats and huge economic loss to the pork industry. In this study, a transcriptomic shotgun sequencing (RNA-Seq) procedure was used to study gene responses against PEDV infection. Genome-wide analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) was performed in Vero E6 cells post-PEDV infection. mTOR signaling pathway activator-MHY1485, and inhibitor-PP242 were used to study the antiviral function. Results revealed that the IRF3 was significantly up-regulated post-PEDV infection. Although most of the IFN-regulatory and –related genes evaluated in this study were either down-regulated or remained unchanged, IL11 behaved significantly up-regulated, with the peak at 16 hpi. Nearly 90% of PEDV infections were suppressed in the PP242 pretreated cells whereas the reverse effect was observed in the MYH1485 pretreated cells. Results indicated that the mTOR signaling pathway played a vital role in the PEDV antiviral regulation in the Vero E6 cells. Future studies will contribute to better understand the cellular antiviral mechanism against PEDV. RNA-Seq was used to study gene responses against PEDV infection. Genome-wide analysis of DEGs was performed in Vero E6 cells post-PEDV infection. The mTOR signaling pathway activator and inhibitor can affect the PEDV infection rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hewei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Special Economic Animals, Institute of Special Economic Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Qinfang Liu
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Weiwei Su
- Sinovet (Jiangsu) Biopharmaceuticals Co., Ltd, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianke Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Special Economic Animals, Institute of Special Economic Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yaru Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Special Economic Animals, Institute of Special Economic Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Junfeng Zhang
- Department of Veterinary Infectious Diseases and Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine and Center for Poultry Diseases Control, Chonbuk National University, South Korea
| | - Ke Shang
- Department of Veterinary Infectious Diseases and Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine and Center for Poultry Diseases Control, Chonbuk National University, South Korea
| | - Zhenhai Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Shipeng Cheng
- State Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Special Economic Animals, Institute of Special Economic Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, China.
| | - Hua Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Special Economic Animals, Institute of Special Economic Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, China.
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250
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Murata K, Asano M, Matsumoto A, Sugiyama M, Nishida N, Tanaka E, Inoue T, Sakamoto M, Enomoto N, Shirasaki T, Honda M, Kaneko S, Gatanaga H, Oka S, Kawamura YI, Dohi T, Shuno Y, Yano H, Mizokami M. Induction of IFN-λ3 as an additional effect of nucleotide, not nucleoside, analogues: a new potential target for HBV infection. Gut 2018; 67:362-371. [PMID: 27789659 PMCID: PMC5868296 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2016-312653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Revised: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The clinical significance of polymorphisms in the interleukin-28B gene encoding interferon (IFN)-λ3, which has antiviral effects, is known in chronic HCV but not in HBV infection. Thus, we measured IFN-λ3 levels in patients with HBV and investigated its clinical significance and association with nucleos(t)ide (NUC) analogue administration. DESIGN Serum IFN-λ3 level was measured in 254 patients with HBV with varying clinical conditions using our own high sensitivity method. The resulting values were compared with various clinical variables. In addition, cell lines originating from various organs were cultured with NUCs, and the production of IFN-λ3 was evaluated. RESULTS Higher serum IFN-λ3 levels were detected in the patients treated with nucleotide analogues (adefovir or tenofovir) compared with those treated with nucleoside analogues (lamivudine or entecavir). There were no other differences in the clinical background between the two groups. A rise in the serum IFN-λ3 levels was observed during additional administration of the nucleotide analogues. In vitro experiments showed that the nucleotide analogues directly and dose-dependently induced IFN-λ3 production only in colon cancer cells. Furthermore, the supernatant from cultured adefovir-treated colon cancer cells significantly induced IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) and inhibited hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) production in hepatoma cells, as compared with the supernatant from entecavir-treated cells. CONCLUSIONS We discovered that the nucleotide analogues show an additional pharmacological effect by inducing IFN-λ3 production, which further induces ISGs and results in a reduction of HBsAg production. These findings provide novel insights for HBV treatment and suggest IFN-λ3 induction as a possible target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazumoto Murata
- The Research Center for Hepatitis and Immunology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Ichikawa, Japan
| | - Mai Asano
- The Research Center for Hepatitis and Immunology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Ichikawa, Japan
- Department of Hepatitis and Immunology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Science, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Akihiro Matsumoto
- Department of Medicine, Shinshu University of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Masaya Sugiyama
- The Research Center for Hepatitis and Immunology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Ichikawa, Japan
| | - Nao Nishida
- The Research Center for Hepatitis and Immunology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Ichikawa, Japan
| | - Eiji Tanaka
- Department of Medicine, Shinshu University of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Taisuke Inoue
- First Department of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Japan
| | - Minoru Sakamoto
- First Department of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Enomoto
- First Department of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Shirasaki
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Masao Honda
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Shuichi Kaneko
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Gatanaga
- AIDS Clinical Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinichi Oka
- AIDS Clinical Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuki I Kawamura
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Research Center for Hepatitis and Immunology, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Ichikawa, Japan
| | - Taeko Dohi
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Research Center for Hepatitis and Immunology, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Ichikawa, Japan
| | - Yasutaka Shuno
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideaki Yano
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masashi Mizokami
- The Research Center for Hepatitis and Immunology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Ichikawa, Japan
- Department of Hepatitis and Immunology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Science, Nagoya, Japan
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