301
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Budge SL, Thai JL, Tebbe EA, Howard KAS. The Intersection of Race, Sexual Orientation, Socioeconomic Status, Trans Identity, and Mental Health Outcomes. COUNSELING PSYCHOLOGIST 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/0011000015609046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The present study examined patterns in trans individuals’ multiple identities and mental health outcomes. Cluster 1 (socioeconomic and racial privilege; n = 239) was characterized by individuals who identified as trans women or cross-dressers, lesbian, bisexual, or questioning; had associates degrees; reported household incomes of $60,000 or more a year; and were non-Latino White. Cluster 2 (educational privilege; n = 191) was characterized by individuals who identified as trans men or genderqueer, gay, or queer; had a bachelor’s degree; reported household incomes of $10,000 or less a year; and were people of color. There was a pattern of individuals in Cluster 1 who identified with two privileged identities (identifying as White and having higher household incomes), whereas individuals in Cluster 2 identified only formal education as a privilege. Individuals in Cluster 2 reported statistically significant levels of anxiety. Implications of these results for future research and clinical practice are examined.
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302
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Everett BG, Hatzenbuehler ML, Hughes TL. The impact of civil union legislation on minority stress, depression, and hazardous drinking in a diverse sample of sexual-minority women: A quasi-natural experiment. Soc Sci Med 2016; 169:180-190. [PMID: 27733300 PMCID: PMC5364018 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2016.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Revised: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE A small but growing body of research documents associations between structural forms of stigma (e.g., same-sex marriage bans) and sexual minority health. These studies, however, have focused on a limited number of outcomes and have not examined whether sociodemographic characteristics, such as race/ethnicity and education, influence the relationship between policy change and health among sexual minorities. OBJECTIVE To determine the effect of civil union legalization on sexual minority women's perceived discrimination, stigma consciousness, depressive symptoms, and four indicators of hazardous drinking (heavy episodic drinking, intoxication, alcohol dependence symptoms, adverse drinking consequences) and to evaluate whether such effects are moderated by race/ethnicity or education. METHODS During the third wave of data collection in the Chicago Health and Life Experiences of Women study (N = 517), Illinois passed the Religious Freedom Protection and Civil Union Act, legalizing civil unions in Illinois and resulting in a quasi-natural experiment wherein some participants were interviewed before and some after the new legislation. Generalized linear models and interactions were used to test the effects of the new legislation on stigma consciousness, perceived discrimination, depression, and hazardous drinking indicators. Interactions were used to assess whether the effects of policy change were moderated by race/ethnicity or education. RESULTS Civil union legislation was associated with lower levels of stigma consciousness, perceived discrimination, depressive symptoms, and one indicator of hazardous drinking (adverse drinking consequences) for all sexual minority women. For several other outcomes, the benefits of this supportive social policy were largely concentrated among racial/ethnic minority women and women with lower levels of education. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that policies supportive of the civil rights of sexual minorities improve the health of all sexual minority women, and may be most beneficial for women with multiply marginalized statuses.
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303
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Barrientos J, Gómez F, Cárdenas M. Subjective Wellbeing and Levels of Clinical Symptomatology in a Transwomen Sample and Men Who Have Sex With Men in Chile. JOURNAL OF HOMOSEXUALITY 2016; 63:1502-1516. [PMID: 27715498 DOI: 10.1080/00918369.2016.1223346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This article examines the levels of subjective wellbeing (psychological and social wellbeing, subjective happiness, and satisfaction with life) and clinical symptomatology (anxiety, depression, somatization, hostility, and phobic anxiety) in a transwomen sample (n = 112). The sample was recruited through a snowball procedure in Chile (Santiago, Valparaíso, and Arica). Data obtained are compared to those from a group of men who have sex with men (MSM; n = 323). Results reveal statistically significant differences in the levels of happiness (t(157) = 2.16; p = .03; d = .25), satisfaction with life (t(154) = 3.90; p < .001; d = .47), and purpose in life (scale of psychological wellbeing; t(151) = 1.99; p .04; d = .24) reported by the two groups. The transwomen group shows the lowest scores in all dimensions. However, trans women report higher levels of social coherence (t(432) = -4.96; p < .001; d = .53) on the social wellbeing scale, compared to the MSM group. Regarding their levels of clinical symptomatology, trans women report higher levels of anxiety (t(163) = -6.67; p < .001; d = .78), depression (t(167) = -5.61; p < .001; d = .65), somatization (t(161) = -5.10; p < .001; d = .60), hostility (t(153) = -5.38; p < .001; d = .62), and phobic anxiety (t(164) = -6.70; p < .001; d = .80). Results are discussed on the basis of the context of each group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Barrientos
- a Escuela de Psicología , Universidad de Santiago , Santiago , Chile
| | - Fabiola Gómez
- b Escuela de Psicología , Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile , Santiago , Chile
| | - Manuel Cárdenas
- c Escuela de Psicología , Universidad de Valparaíso , Valparaíso , Chile
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304
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Okech JEA, Pimpleton-Gray AM, Vannatta R, Champe J. Intercultural Conflict in Groups. JOURNAL FOR SPECIALISTS IN GROUP WORK 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/01933922.2016.1232769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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305
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Sigurvinsdottir R, Ullman SE. Sexual Orientation, Race, and Trauma as Predictors of Sexual Assault Recovery. JOURNAL OF FAMILY VIOLENCE 2016; 31:913-921. [PMID: 27713597 PMCID: PMC5046826 DOI: 10.1007/s10896-015-9793-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Sexual minorities and racial minorities experience greater negative impact following sexual assault. We examined recovery from sexual assault among women who identified as heterosexual and bisexual across racial groups. A community sample of women (N = 905) completed three yearly surveys about sexual victimization, recovery outcomes, race group, and sexual minority status. Bisexual women and Black women reported greater recovery problems. However, Black women improved more quickly on depression symptoms than non-Black women. Finally, repeated adult victimization uniquely undermined survivors' recovery, even when controlling for child sexual abuse. Sexual minority and race status variables and their intersections with revictimization play roles in recovery and should be considered in treatment protocols for sexual assault survivors.
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306
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Williams A, Oliver C, Aumer K, Meyers C. Racial microaggressions and perceptions of Internet memes. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2016.05.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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307
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry H Ng
- Center for Internal Medicine/Pediatrics, MetroHealth Medical Center , Cleveland, Ohio
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308
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Quinn K, Dickson-Gomez J, Young S. The Influence of Pastors' Ideologies of Homosexuality on HIV Prevention in the Black Church. JOURNAL OF RELIGION AND HEALTH 2016; 55:1700-16. [PMID: 27099095 PMCID: PMC4958513 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-016-0243-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Young, Black men who have sex with men (YBMSM) are disproportionately affected by HIV, and Black Churches may be a source of stigma which can exacerbate HIV risk and contribute to negative health and psychosocial outcomes. Findings from this study are based on 21 semi-structured interviews with pastors and ethnographic observation in six Black Churches. Interview transcripts and field notes were analyzed in MAXQDA using thematic content analysis. Although pastors espoused messages of love and acceptance, they overwhelmingly believed homosexuality was a sin and had difficulty accepting YBMSM into their churches. The tension around homosexuality limited pastors' involvement in HIV prevention efforts, although there still may be opportunities for some churches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Quinn
- Center for AIDS Intervention Research, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, 2071 N. Summit, Milwaukee, WI, 53202, USA.
| | - Julia Dickson-Gomez
- Center for AIDS Intervention Research, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, 2071 N. Summit, Milwaukee, WI, 53202, USA
| | - Staci Young
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Institute for Health and Society, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
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309
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A cross-sectional study of associations between casual partner, friend discrimination, social support and anxiety symptoms among Chinese transgender women. J Affect Disord 2016; 203:22-29. [PMID: 27267953 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2016.05.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Anxiety symptoms are the prevalent mental disorders for transgender women. However, only a few studies are available pertaining to this problem among Chinese Transgender women. Chinese Transgender women are a vulnerable population which is exposed to discrimination and loss of social support due to their gender identity and transition. This study was conducted to estimate the prevalence and factors associated with anxiety symptoms among Chinese transgender women. A cross-sectional study was performed by convenience sampling. This comprised of 209 Chinese transgender women in Shenyang, China. The Zung Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) was used to assess anxiety symptoms for these transgender women. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis was performed to explore the associated factors of SAS. The prevalence of anxiety symptoms in Chinese transgender women was found to be 34.5%. Regression analyses indicated that SAS was associated with casual partnership, friend discrimination and social support in the final model. Sexual partnership and discrimination contributed the most to the model, R-square, accounting for 19.2% and 15.5% of the total variance respectively. Chinese transgender women showed considerably high level of anxiety symptoms. It was also found that they were exposed to significant transition challenges, such as high risk sexual partnership, excessive discrimination and a reduction in social support. Furthermore, anxiety symptoms was best predicted by the absence or presence of a casual partner, friend discrimination and social support rather than the disclosure of their gender identity, knowledge of HIV prevention and health service. Improvement of social support, reduction of friend discrimination and determination of the characteristics of risky sexual partnerships especially for the casual partner can help to attenuate anxiety symptoms and increase mental well-being for transgender women.
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310
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Lewis RJ, Mason TB, Winstead BA, Gaskins M, Irons LB. Pathways to Hazardous Drinking Among Racially and Socioeconomically Diverse Lesbian Women: Sexual Minority Stress, Rumination, Social Isolation, and Drinking to Cope. PSYCHOLOGY OF WOMEN QUARTERLY 2016; 40:564-581. [PMID: 28138208 DOI: 10.1177/0361684316662603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Lesbian women engage in more hazardous drinking than heterosexual women yet we know relatively little about what explains this disparity. In the present study, race, socioeconomic status, minority stress, general psychological processes and distress were examined as pathways to hazardous drinking among young (18-35 years) Black and non-Hispanic White lesbian women. We used the psychological mediation framework adaptation of minority stress theory and the reserve capacity model as theoretical underpinnings of the conceptual model in the current study. Self-identified lesbian participants (N= 867) completed a one-time online survey that assessed race, socioeconomic status, perceived sexual minority discrimination, proximal minority stress (concealment, internalized homophobia, lack of connection to lesbian community), rumination, social isolation, psychological distress, drinking to cope, and hazardous drinking. Cross-sectional results demonstrated that being Black was associated with hazardous drinking via sequential mediators of rumination, psychological distress, and drinking to cope. Socioeconomic status was associated with hazardous drinking via sequential mediators of sexual minority discrimination, proximal minority stress, rumination, social isolation, psychological distress, and drinking to cope. Understanding these pathways can aid researchers and clinicians studying and working with lesbians who are at risk for hazardous drinking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin J Lewis
- Department of Psychology, Old Dominion University and Virginia Consortium Program in Clinical Psychology
| | | | - Barbara A Winstead
- Department of Psychology, Old Dominion University and Virginia Consortium Program in Clinical Psychology
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311
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Cramer RJ, Burks AC, Golom FD, Stroud CH, Graham JL. The Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Identity Scale. MEASUREMENT AND EVALUATION IN COUNSELING AND DEVELOPMENT 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/0748175616664014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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312
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Swann G, Minshew R, Newcomb ME, Mustanski B. Validation of the Sexual Orientation Microaggression Inventory in Two Diverse Samples of LGBTQ Youth. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2016; 45:1289-98. [PMID: 27067241 PMCID: PMC4945424 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-016-0718-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Revised: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Critical race theory asserts that microaggressions, or low-level, covert acts of aggression, are commonplace in the lives of people of color. These theorists also assert a taxonomy of microaggressions, which includes "microassaults," "microinsults," and "microinvalidations". The theory of microaggressions has been adopted by researchers of LGBTQ communities. This study investigated the three-factor taxonomy as it relates to a diverse sample of LGBTQ youth using the newly developed Sexual Orientation Microaggression Inventory (SOMI). Exploratory factor analysis was used to determine the number of factors that exist in SOMI in a sample of 206 LGBTQ-identifying youth. Follow up confirmatory factor analyses were conducted in order to compare single-factor, unrestricted four-factor, second-order, and bi-factor models in a separate sample of 363 young men who have sex with men. The best fitting model was used to predict victimization, depressive symptoms, and depression diagnosis in order to test validity. The best fitting model was a bi-factor model utilizing 19 of the original 26 items with a general factor and four specific factors representing anti-gay attitudes ("microinsults"), denial of homosexuality, heterosexism ("microinvalidations"), and societal disapproval ("microassaults"). Reliability analyses found that the majority of reliable variance was accounted for by the general factor. The general factor was a significant predictor of victimization and depressive symptoms, as well as unrelated to social desirability, suggesting convergent, criterion-related, and discriminant validity. SOMI emerged as a scale with evidence of validity for assessing exposure to microaggressions in a diverse sample of LGBTQ youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory Swann
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 625 North Michigan Avenue, Suite 2700, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Reese Minshew
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 625 North Michigan Avenue, Suite 2700, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Michael E Newcomb
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 625 North Michigan Avenue, Suite 2700, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Brian Mustanski
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 625 North Michigan Avenue, Suite 2700, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
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313
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Bucchianeri MM, Gower AL, McMorris BJ, Eisenberg ME. Youth experiences with multiple types of prejudice-based harassment. J Adolesc 2016; 51:68-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2016.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Revised: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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314
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Else-Quest NM, Hyde JS. Intersectionality in Quantitative Psychological Research. PSYCHOLOGY OF WOMEN QUARTERLY 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/0361684316647953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole M. Else-Quest
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Janet Shibley Hyde
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, USA
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315
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Talley AE, Gilbert PA, Mitchell J, Goldbach J, Marshall BDL, Kaysen D. Addressing gaps on risk and resilience factors for alcohol use outcomes in sexual and gender minority populations. Drug Alcohol Rev 2016; 35:484-93. [PMID: 27072658 PMCID: PMC4930390 DOI: 10.1111/dar.12387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Revised: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
ISSUES In 2011, the Institute of Medicine released a report that constituted the first comprehensive effort by a federal body to understand the current state of science pertinent to the health needs of sexual and gender minority populations. This mini-review summarises recent empirical, methodological and theoretical advances in alcohol-related research among to lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) populations and highlights progress towards addressing gaps, with a particular interest in those identified by the Institute of Medicine report. APPROACH Articles published since 2011 were identified from PsycINFO and PubMed database searches, using various combinations of keyword identifiers (alcohol, alcohol abuse, substance abuse, LGBT, lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender). Reference sections of included articles were also examined for additional citations. KEY FINDINGS Recent empirical work has contributed to a greater understanding of sub-group differences within this diverse population. Evidence has supported theorised influences that can account for alcohol-related disparities, yet important gaps remain. Studies that examine the role of gender identity and its intersection with sexual identity within transgender and gender non-conforming sub-populations are lacking. Methodological advances in this literature have begun to allow for examinations of how minority-specific and general risk factors of alcohol misuse may contribute to patterns of alcohol involvement over time and within social-relational contexts CONCLUSIONS The recommendations made in the current mini-review are meant to facilitate future collaborative efforts, scale development, thoughtful methodological design and analysis and theoretically driven nuanced hypotheses to better understand, and ultimately address, alcohol-related disparities among sexual and gender minority populations. [Talley AE, Gilbert PA, Mitchell J, Goldbach J, Marshall BDL, Kaysen D. Addressing gaps on risk and resilience factors for alcohol use outcomes in sexual and gender minority populations. Drug Alcohol Rev 2016;35:484-493].
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia E. Talley
- Psychological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, United States
| | - Paul A. Gilbert
- Community and Behavioral Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, United States
| | - Jason Mitchell
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, United States
| | - Jeremy Goldbach
- School of Social Work, University of Southern California University of Southern California, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Brandon D. L. Marshall
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, United States
| | - Debra Kaysen
- Center for the Study of Health and Risk Behaviors, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
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316
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Elm JHL, Lewis JP, Walters KL, Self JM. "I'm in this world for a reason": Resilience and recovery among American Indian and Alaska Native two-spirit women. JOURNAL OF LESBIAN STUDIES 2016; 20:352-71. [PMID: 27254761 PMCID: PMC6424359 DOI: 10.1080/10894160.2016.1152813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
American Indian and Alaska Native sexual minority (two-spirit) women are vulnerable to substance misuse and mental health challenges due to multiple minority oppressed status and exposure to stress and trauma. Yet, these women find pathways toward healing and wellness. We conducted a qualitative data analysis of interviews derived from a national health study and gained an understanding of 11 two-spirit women's resilience and recovery patterns. Emergent from the data, a braided resiliency framework was developed which elucidates multilayered abilities, processes, and resources involved in their resiliency. We recommend that resilience-promoting strategies be incorporated into substance misuse and mental health interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica H L Elm
- a Indigenous Wellness Research Institute, School of Social Work, University of Washington , Seattle , Washington , USA
| | - Jordan P Lewis
- a Indigenous Wellness Research Institute, School of Social Work, University of Washington , Seattle , Washington , USA
| | - Karina L Walters
- a Indigenous Wellness Research Institute, School of Social Work, University of Washington , Seattle , Washington , USA
| | - Jen M Self
- a Indigenous Wellness Research Institute, School of Social Work, University of Washington , Seattle , Washington , USA
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317
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DeMeester RH, Lopez FY, Moore JE, Cook SC, Chin MH. A Model of Organizational Context and Shared Decision Making: Application to LGBT Racial and Ethnic Minority Patients. J Gen Intern Med 2016; 31:651-62. [PMID: 26988980 PMCID: PMC4870417 DOI: 10.1007/s11606-016-3608-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Shared decision making (SDM) occurs when patients and clinicians work together to reach care decisions that are both medically sound and responsive to patients' preferences and values. SDM is an important tenet of patient-centered care that can improve patient outcomes. Patients with multiple minority identities, such as sexual orientation and race/ethnicity, are at particular risk for poor SDM. Among these dual-minority patients, added challenges to clear and open communication include cultural barriers, distrust, and a health care provider's lack of awareness of the patient's minority sexual orientation or gender identity. However, organizational factors like a culture of inclusion and private space throughout the visit can improve SDM with lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender ("LGBT") racial/ethnic minority patients who have faced stigma and discrimination. Most models of shared decision making focus on the patient-provider interaction, but the health care organization's context is also critical. Context-an organization's structure and operations-can strongly influence the ability and willingness of patients and clinicians to engage in shared decision making. SDM is most likely to be optimal if organizations transform their contexts and patients and providers improve their communication. Thus, we propose a conceptual model that suggests ways in which organizations can shape their contextual structure and operations to support SDM. The model contains six drivers: workflows, health information technology, organizational structure and culture, resources and clinic environment, training and education, and incentives and disincentives. These drivers work through four mechanisms to impact care: continuity and coordination, the ease of SDM, knowledge and skills, and attitudes and beliefs. These mechanisms can activate clinicians and patients to engage in high-quality SDM. We provide examples of how specific contextual changes could make SDM more effective for LGBT racial/ethnic minority populations, focusing especially on transformations that would establish a safe environment, build trust, and decrease stigma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel H. DeMeester
- Section of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, 5841 South Maryland Avenue, MC 2007, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
- Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Reducing Health Care Disparities Through Payment and Delivery System Reform Program Office, University of Chicago, 5841 South Maryland Avenue, MC 2007, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
| | - Fanny Y. Lopez
- Section of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, 5841 South Maryland Avenue, MC 2007, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
| | - Jennifer E. Moore
- Institute for Medicaid Innovation, Washington, DC USA
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | - Scott C. Cook
- Section of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, 5841 South Maryland Avenue, MC 2007, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
- Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Reducing Health Care Disparities Through Payment and Delivery System Reform Program Office, University of Chicago, 5841 South Maryland Avenue, MC 2007, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
| | - Marshall H. Chin
- Section of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, 5841 South Maryland Avenue, MC 2007, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
- Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Reducing Health Care Disparities Through Payment and Delivery System Reform Program Office, University of Chicago, 5841 South Maryland Avenue, MC 2007, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
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318
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Tan JY, Xu LJ, Lopez FY, Jia JL, Pho MT, Kim KE, Chin MH. Shared Decision Making Among Clinicians and Asian American and Pacific Islander Sexual and Gender Minorities: An Intersectional Approach to Address a Critical Care Gap. LGBT Health 2016; 3:327-34. [PMID: 27158858 DOI: 10.1089/lgbt.2015.0143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Shared decision making (SDM) is a model of patient-provider communication. Little is known about the role of SDM in health disparities among Asian American and Pacific Islander (AAPI) sexual and gender minorities (SGM). We illustrate how issues at the intersection of AAPI and SGM identities affect SDM processes and health outcomes. We discuss experiences of AAPI SGM that are affected by AAPI heterogeneity, SGM stigma, multiple minority group identities, and sources of discrimination. Recommendations for clinical practice, research, policy, community development, and education are offered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judy Y Tan
- 1 Department of Medicine, Center for AIDS Prevention Studies, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Lucy J Xu
- 2 Section of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago , Chicago, Illinois.,3 Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago , Chicago, Illinois
| | - Fanny Y Lopez
- 2 Section of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago , Chicago, Illinois
| | - Justin L Jia
- 2 Section of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago , Chicago, Illinois.,4 The College, University of Chicago , Chicago, Illinois
| | - Mai T Pho
- 5 Section of Infectious Diseases and Global Health, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago , Chicago, Illinois
| | - Karen E Kim
- 6 Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago , Chicago, Illinois.,7 Center for Asian Health Equity, University of Chicago , Chicago, Illinois
| | - Marshall H Chin
- 2 Section of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago , Chicago, Illinois.,8 Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Finding Answers: Solving Disparities through Payment and Delivery System Reform Program Office, University of Chicago , Chicago, Illinois
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319
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Zurbrügg L, Miner KN. Gender, Sexual Orientation, and Workplace Incivility: Who Is Most Targeted and Who Is Most Harmed? Front Psychol 2016; 7:565. [PMID: 27199804 PMCID: PMC4851979 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Scholars have proposed that interpersonal workplace discrimination toward members of oppressed social groups has become covert and subtle rather than overt and explicit and that such experiences lead to negative outcomes for targets. The present study examined this proposition by examining experiences and consequences of workplace incivility—a seemingly harmless form of interpersonal maltreatment—based on gender, sexual orientation, and their intersection. A sample of 1,300 academic faculty (52% male, 86% White) participated in an online survey study assessing their experiences of workplace incivility, job stress, job satisfaction, job identity centrality, and demographics. Results showed that sexual minority women reported the highest levels of workplace incivility. Findings also revealed that women reported lower job satisfaction than men and that heterosexuals reported higher job stress and lower job identity centrality than sexual minorities with higher levels of incivility. Thus, sexual minority status buffered the negative effects of incivility for sexual minorities. These findings point to the resiliency of sexual minorities in the face of interpersonal stressors at work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Zurbrügg
- Department of Psychology, Texas A&M University, College Station TX, USA
| | - Kathi N Miner
- Department of Psychology and Women's and Gender Studies Program, Texas A&M University, College Station TX, USA
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320
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Nadal KL, Whitman CN, Davis LS, Erazo T, Davidoff KC. Microaggressions Toward Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer, and Genderqueer People: A Review of the Literature. JOURNAL OF SEX RESEARCH 2016; 53:488-508. [PMID: 26966779 DOI: 10.1080/00224499.2016.1142495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Microaggressions are subtle forms of discrimination, often unconscious or unintentional, that communicate hostile or derogatory messages, particularly to and about members of historically marginalized social groups. While Sue's (2010a, 2010b) microaggression theory formed its foundation in studies based on racial microaggressions, the following review summarizes microaggression literature to date, as it pertains to the lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, and genderqueer (LGBTQ) people. Searching PsycINFO and other databases between 2010 and 2015, we found 35 peer-reviewed papers or dissertations that concentrate on the negative impact microaggressions have on LGBTQ people. A comprehensive overview of the experiences of individual LGBTQ subgroups (e.g., lesbian women, gay men, bisexual people, transgender people, and genderqueer people) is included, as well as microaggressions based on intersectional identities (e.g., experiences of LGBTQ people of color). The significance of this review is that it is the only known article to comprehensively analyze the literature on LGBTQ people and microaggressions, examining the strengths and weaknesses of past literature while encouraging future areas of theory, research, and practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin L Nadal
- a John Jay College of Criminal Justice , City University of New York
| | | | - Lindsey S Davis
- a John Jay College of Criminal Justice , City University of New York
| | - Tanya Erazo
- a John Jay College of Criminal Justice , City University of New York
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321
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Peters HJ, Schwenk HN, Ahlstrom ZR, McIalwain LN. Microaggressions: The experience of individuals with mental illness. COUNSELLING PSYCHOLOGY QUARTERLY 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/09515070.2016.1164666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Heather J. Peters
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota-Morris, Morris, MN, USA
| | - Haley N. Schwenk
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota-Morris, Morris, MN, USA
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322
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Gahagan J, Colpitts E. Understanding and Measuring LGBTQ Pathways to Health: A Scoping Review of Strengths-Based Health Promotion Approaches in LGBTQ Health Research. JOURNAL OF HOMOSEXUALITY 2016; 64:95-121. [PMID: 27043161 DOI: 10.1080/00918369.2016.1172893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Health research traditionally has focused on the health risks and deficits of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) populations, obscuring the determinants that can promote health across the life course. Recognizing, appropriately measuring, and rendering visible these determinants of health is paramount to informing appropriate and engaging health policies, services, and systems for LGBTQ populations. The overarching purpose of this article is to provide an overview of the findings of a scoping review aimed at exploring strengths-based health promotion approaches to understanding and measuring LGBTQ health. Specifically, this scoping review examined peer-reviewed, published academic literature to determine (a) existing methodological frameworks for studying LGBTQ health from a strengths-based health promotion approach, and (b) suggestions for future methodological approaches for studying LGBTQ health from a strengths-based health promotion approach. The findings of this scoping review will be used to inform the development of a study aimed at assessing the health of and improving pathways to health services among LGBTQ populations in Nova Scotia, Canada.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Gahagan
- a Health Promotion Division, Gender and Health Promotion Studies Unit, School of Health and Human Performance , Dalhousie University , Halifax , Nova Scotia , Canada
| | - Emily Colpitts
- a Health Promotion Division, Gender and Health Promotion Studies Unit, School of Health and Human Performance , Dalhousie University , Halifax , Nova Scotia , Canada
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323
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Elias T, Jaisle A, Morton-Padovano C. Ethnic Identity as a Predictor of Microaggressions Toward Blacks, Whites, and Hispanic LGBs by Blacks, Whites, and Hispanics. JOURNAL OF HOMOSEXUALITY 2016; 64:1-31. [PMID: 27046349 DOI: 10.1080/00918369.2016.1172888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Results of the study suggest racial differences still exist when it comes to attitudes toward homosexuality in the United States. Findings indicate Black individuals hold significantly less favorable attitudes toward lesbian/gay/bisexual (LGB) individuals than non-Hispanic White individuals but not Hispanics, after controlling for demographics. Hispanic individuals' attitudes toward LGBs were not significantly different from those of non-Hispanic Whites. Despite less favorable attitudes toward LGBs, however, Black Americans display a significantly lower likelihood of engaging in LGB-directed microaggressions than both non-Hispanic Whites and Hispanics. Finally, the results of the study indicate that as non-Hispanic White individuals' ethnic identity gets stronger, their likelihood of engaging in microaggressions toward LGBs increases, more so than Black or Hispanic individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Troy Elias
- a School of Journalism and Communications , University of Oregon , Eugene , Oregon , USA
| | - Alyssa Jaisle
- b Department of Advertising , University of Florida , Gainesville , Florida , USA
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324
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Holley LC, Tavassoli KY, Stromwall LK. Mental Illness Discrimination in Mental Health Treatment Programs: Intersections of Race, Ethnicity, and Sexual Orientation. Community Ment Health J 2016; 52:311-22. [PMID: 26797761 DOI: 10.1007/s10597-016-9990-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
People with mental illnesses (PWMI) who are of color and/or lesbian, gay, or bisexual (LGB) experience mental health disparities, including within mental health treatment programs (MHTPs). Informed by a critical framework with attention to intersectionality and microaggressions, this qualitative study asked 20 PWMI and family members who also are of color and/or LGB whether they had experienced mental illness discrimination in MHTPs, a possible factor in disparities. We also asked participants about aspects of MHTPs that supported recovery. Participants reported that they were ignored/not listened to, not viewed as complex individuals, experienced condescension/lack of respect and violations of privacy or other rights, and were presumed to lack intelligence. In addition, identifying mental illness discrimination was complex due to intersections of identities. Despite these perceptions of discrimination, participants described supportive aspects of MHTPs. Implications for practice and research are offered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynn C Holley
- Arizona State University, School of Social Work, 411 N. Central Ave., Ste. 800, Phoenix, AZ, 85004-0689, USA.
| | - Kyoko Y Tavassoli
- Arizona State University, School of Social Work, 411 N. Central Ave., Ste. 800, Phoenix, AZ, 85004-0689, USA
| | - Layne K Stromwall
- Arizona State University, School of Social Work, 411 N. Central Ave., Ste. 800, Phoenix, AZ, 85004-0689, USA
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325
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Frost DM, Meyer IH, Schwartz S. Social support networks among diverse sexual minority populations. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ORTHOPSYCHIATRY 2016; 86:91-102. [PMID: 26752447 DOI: 10.1037/ort0000117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
This article reports a study of the function and composition of social support networks among diverse lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) men and women (n = 396) in comparison to their heterosexual peers (n = 128). Data were collected using a structured social support network matrix in a community sample recruited in New York City. Our findings show that gay and bisexual men may rely on "chosen families" more than lesbian and bisexual women. Both heterosexuals and LGBs relied less on family and more on other people (e.g., friends, coworkers) for everyday social support (e.g., recreational and social activities, talking about problems). Providers of everyday social support were most often of the same sexual orientation and race/ethnicity as participants. In seeking major support (e.g., borrowing large sums of money), heterosexual men and women along with lesbian and bisexual women relied primarily on their families, but gay and bisexual men relied primarily on other LGB individuals. Racial/ethnic minority LGBs relied on LGB similar others at the same rate as did White LGBs but, notably, racial/ethnic minority LGBs reported receiving fewer dimensions of support.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Frost
- Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University
| | - Ilan H Meyer
- Williams Institute, University of California, Los Angeles
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326
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Gonzales L, Davidoff KC, DeLuca JS, Yanos PT. The mental illness microaggressions scale-perpetrator version (MIMS-P): Reliability and validity. Psychiatry Res 2015; 229:120-5. [PMID: 26233830 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2015.07.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Revised: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The study objective was to develop a new measure for use in the empirical measurement of microaggression behaviors perpetrated towards persons with mental illness and examine its psychometric properties. Following development of an initial item pool, 505 participants (students at a large college in New York City and community members recruited through Amazon's Mechanical Turk program) completed an online survey including a 20-item measure of microaggression behaviors. Exploratory factor analysis revealed three subscales: Assumption of Inferiority (α=0.81), Patronization (α=0.78), and Fear of Mental Illness (α=0.63). Additional analyses supported convergent validity of the measure with two widely used measures of mental illness stigma. The MIMS-P is the first instrument to measure microaggressions endorsed by perpetrators against a socially marginalized group and demonstrates strong psychometric properties. Inclusion of this scale in future research can help facilitate understanding of perpetrator perspectives and assist with intervention development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Gonzales
- Psychology Department, John Jay College of Criminal Justice, City University of New York, 524W 59th St, NY 10019, USA.
| | - Kristin C Davidoff
- Psychology Department, John Jay College of Criminal Justice, City University of New York, 524W 59th St, NY 10019, USA
| | - Joseph S DeLuca
- Psychology Department, John Jay College of Criminal Justice, City University of New York, 524W 59th St, NY 10019, USA
| | - Philip T Yanos
- Psychology Department, John Jay College of Criminal Justice, City University of New York, 524W 59th St, NY 10019, USA
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327
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Woodford MR, Chonody JM, Kulick A, Brennan DJ, Renn K. The LGBQ Microaggressions on Campus Scale: A Scale Development and Validation Study. JOURNAL OF HOMOSEXUALITY 2015; 62:1660-1687. [PMID: 26226304 DOI: 10.1080/00918369.2015.1078205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Although LGBQ students experience blatant forms of heterosexism on college campuses, subtle manifestations such as sexual orientation microaggressions are more common. Similar to overt heterosexism, sexual orientation microaggressions may threaten LGBQ students' academic development and psychological wellbeing. Limited research exists in this area, in part due to lack of a psychometrically sound instrument measuring the prevalence of LGBQ microaggressions on college campuses. To address this gap, we created and tested the LGBQ Microaggressions on College Campuses Scale. Two correlated subscales were generated: Interpersonal LGBQ Microaggressions and Environmental LGBQ Microaggressions. The results indicated that the subscales demonstrate strong reliability and validity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Woodford
- a Lyle S. Hallman Faculty of Social Work , Wilfrid Laurier University , Kitchener , Ontario , Canada
| | - Jill M Chonody
- b School of Social Work , Indiana University Northwest , Gary , Indiana , USA
| | - Alex Kulick
- c Department of Sociology , University of California-Santa Barbara , Santa Barbara , California , USA
| | - David J Brennan
- d Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work , University of Toronto , Toronto , Ontario , Canada
| | - Kristen Renn
- e Higher, Adult, and Lifelong Education , Michigan State University , East Lansing , Michigan , USA
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328
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Lick DJ, Durso LE, Johnson KL. Minority Stress and Physical Health Among Sexual Minorities. PERSPECTIVES ON PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE 2015; 8:521-48. [PMID: 26173210 DOI: 10.1177/1745691613497965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 412] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) individuals suffer serious mental health disparities relative to their heterosexual peers, and researchers have linked these disparities to difficult social experiences (e.g., antigay victimization) and internalized biases (e.g., internalized homophobia) that arouse stress. A recent and growing body of evidence suggests that LGB individuals also suffer physical health disparities relative to heterosexuals, ranging from poor general health status to increased risk for cancer and heightened diagnoses of cardiovascular disease, asthma, diabetes, and other chronic conditions. Despite recent advances in this literature, the causes of LGB physical health problems remain relatively opaque. In this article, we review empirical findings related to LGB physical health disparities and argue that such disparities are related to the experience of minority stress-that is, stress caused by experiences with antigay stigma. In light of this minority stress model, we highlight gaps in the current literature and outline five research steps necessary for developing a comprehensive knowledge of the social determinants of LGB physical health.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Lick
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Laura E Durso
- The Williams Institute, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Kerri L Johnson
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles Department of Communication Studies, University of California, Los Angeles
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329
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Robinson JL, Rubin LJ. Homonegative Microaggressions and Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms. JOURNAL OF GAY & LESBIAN MENTAL HEALTH 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/19359705.2015.1066729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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330
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Balsam KF, Molina Y, Blayney JA, Dillworth T, Zimmerman L, Kaysen D. Racial/ethnic differences in identity and mental health outcomes among young sexual minority women. CULTURAL DIVERSITY & ETHNIC MINORITY PSYCHOLOGY 2015; 21:380-390. [PMID: 25642782 PMCID: PMC4512644 DOI: 10.1037/a0038680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Previous research suggests that sexual minorities are at greater risk for trauma exposure, mental health problems, and substance use. To date, few studies have examined racial/ethnic differences among sexual minorities in relation to health-related behaviors and outcomes. Furthermore, studies of racial/ethnic differences among young adult sexual minority women (SMW) are virtually nonexistent. The current study adds to the previous literature by exploring differences in trauma exposure, sexual identity, mental health, and substance use in a nonprobability national sample of young adult SMW. A total of 967 self- identified lesbian and bisexual women were recruited via the Internet using social networking sites to participate in a larger longitudinal study on young women's health behaviors. The present study included 730 (76%) White, 108 (10%) African American, 91 (9%) Latina, and 38 (4%) Asian women ages 18 to 25 years. Results revealed differences in socioeconomic variables, degree of outness to family, childhood sexual assault, and forcible rape, but not overall lifetime trauma exposure. Among mental health and health-related behavior variables, few differences between groups emerged. Our findings indicate that both researchers and clinicians should turn their attention to processes of resilience among young SMW, particularly young SMW of color.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Tiara Dillworth
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington
| | - Lindsey Zimmerman
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington
| | - Debra Kaysen
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington
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331
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Harris A, Battle J, Pastrana A, Daniels J. Feelings of Belonging: An Exploratory Analysis of the Sociopolitical Involvement of Black, Latina, and Asian/Pacific Islander Sexual Minority Women. JOURNAL OF HOMOSEXUALITY 2015; 62:1374-97. [PMID: 26073263 PMCID: PMC4986915 DOI: 10.1080/00918369.2015.1061360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
This article compares and contrasts the sociopolitical involvement of Black, Latina, and Asian/Pacific Islander American sexual minority women within lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) communities of color. For the analysis, a sample of over 1,200 women from the Social Justice Sexuality project was analyzed. Findings indicate that, for all groups of women, feelings of connectedness to the LGBT community was the most significant predictor of sociopolitical involvement within LGBT communities of color.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelique Harris
- a Department of Social and Cultural Sciences , Marquette University , Milwaukee , Wisconsin , USA
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332
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One Size May Not Fit All: The Need for a More Inclusive and Intersectional Psychological Science on Stigma. SEX ROLES 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11199-015-0491-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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333
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Zimmerman L, Darnell DA, Rhew IC, Lee CM, Kaysen D. Resilience in community: a social ecological development model for young adult sexual minority women. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2015; 55:179-90. [PMID: 25572956 PMCID: PMC4381736 DOI: 10.1007/s10464-015-9702-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Family support and rejection are associated with health outcomes among sexual minority women (SMW). We examined a social ecological development model among young adult SMW, testing whether identity risk factors or outness to family interacted with family rejection to predict community connectedness and collective self-esteem. Lesbian and bisexual women (N = 843; 57% bisexual) between the ages of 18-25 (M = 21.4; SD = 2.1) completed baseline and 12-month online surveys. The sample identified as White (54.2%), multiple racial backgrounds (16.6%), African American (9.6%) and Asian/Asian American (3.1%); 10.2% endorsed a Hispanic/Latina ethnicity. Rejection ranged from 18 to 41% across family relationships. Longitudinal regression indicated that when outness to family increased, SMW in highly rejecting families demonstrated resilience by finding connections and esteem in sexual minority communities to a greater extent than did non-rejected peers. But, when stigma concerns, concealment motivation, and other identity risk factors increased over the year, high family rejection did not impact community connectedness and SMW reported lower collective self-esteem. Racial minority SMW reported lower community connectedness, but not lower collective self-esteem. Families likely buffer or exacerbate societal risks for ill health. Findings highlight the protective role of LGBTQ communities and normative resilience among SMW and their families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey Zimmerman
- National Center for PTSD, Dissemination and Training Division, Veteran Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA,
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334
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Han CS, Ayala G, Paul JP, Boylan R, Gregorich SE, Choi KH. Stress and coping with racism and their role in sexual risk for HIV among African American, Asian/Pacific Islander, and Latino men who have sex with men. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2015; 44:411-20. [PMID: 25060122 PMCID: PMC4305487 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-014-0331-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2013] [Revised: 03/22/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2014] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The deleterious effects of racism on a wide range of health outcomes, including HIV risk, are well documented among racial/ethnic minority groups in the United States. However, little is known about how men of color who have sex with men (MSM) cope with stress from racism and whether the coping strategies they employ buffer against the impact of racism on sexual risk for HIV transmission. We examined associations of stress and coping with racism with unprotected anal intercourse (UAI) in a sample of African American (N = 403), Asian/Pacific Islander (N = 393), and Latino (N = 400) MSM recruited in Los Angeles County, CA during 2008-2009. Almost two-thirds (65 %) of the sample reported being stressed as a consequence of racism experienced within the gay community. Overall, 51 % of the sample reported having UAI in the prior 6 months. After controlling for race/ethnicity, age, nativity, marital status, sexual orientation, education, HIV serostatus, and lifetime history of incarceration, the multivariate analysis found statistically significant main effects of stress from racism and avoidance coping on UAI; no statistically significant main effects of dismissal, education/confrontation, and social-support seeking were observed. None of the interactions of stress with the four coping measures were statistically significant. Although stress from racism within the gay community increased the likelihood of engaging in UAI among MSM of color, we found little evidence that coping responses to racism buffered stress from racism. Instead, avoidance coping appears to suggest an increase in UAI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong-suk Han
- Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Middlebury College, Middlebury, VT, 05753, USA,
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335
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Moe JL, Finnerty P, Sparkman N, Yates C. Initial Assessment and Screening with LGBTQ Clients: A Critical Perspective. JOURNAL OF LGBT ISSUES IN COUNSELING 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/15538605.2014.997332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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336
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Eliason MJ, Fogel SC. An ecological framework for sexual minority women's health: factors associated with greater body mass. JOURNAL OF HOMOSEXUALITY 2015; 62:845-882. [PMID: 25569747 DOI: 10.1080/00918369.2014.1003007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, many studies have focused on the body of sexual minority women, particularly emphasizing their larger size. These studies rarely offer theoretically based explanations for the increased weight, nor study the potential consequences (or lack thereof) of being heavier. This article provides a brief overview of the multitude of factors that might cause or contribute to larger size of sexual minority women, using an ecological framework that elucidates upstream social determinants of health as well as individual risk factors. This model is infused with a minority stress model, which hypothesizes excess strain resulting from the stigma associated with oppressed minority identities such as woman, lesbian, bisexual, woman of color, and others. We argue that lack of attention to the upstream social determinants of health may result in individual-level victim blaming and interventions that do not address the root causes of minority stress or increased weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele J Eliason
- a Department of Health Education , San Francisco State University , San Francisco , California , USA
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337
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Jordan JN, Everett KD, Ge B, McElroy JA. Smoking and intention to quit among a large sample of black sexual and gender minorities. JOURNAL OF HOMOSEXUALITY 2015; 62:604-20. [PMID: 25470333 DOI: 10.1080/00918369.2014.987569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to more completely quantify smoking and intention to quit from a sample of sexual and gender minority (SGM) Black individuals (N = 639) through analysis of data collected at Pride festivals and online. Frequencies described demographic characteristics; chi-square analyses were used to compare tobacco-related variables. Black SGM smokers were more likely to be trying to quit smoking than White SGM smokers. However, Black SGM individuals were less likely than White SGM individuals to become former smokers. The results of this study indicate that smoking behaviors may be heavily influenced by race after accounting for SGM status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna N Jordan
- a Department of Family & Community Medicine , University of Missouri , Columbia , Missouri , USA
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338
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Lelutiu-Weinberger C, Gamarel KE, Golub SA, Parsons JT. Race-based differentials in the impact of mental health and stigma on HIV risk among young men who have sex with men. Health Psychol 2014; 34:847-56. [PMID: 25545041 DOI: 10.1037/hea0000192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In the U.S., young men who have sex with men (YMSM) are disproportionately affected by HIV, with YMSM of color being the most impacted by the epidemic. METHOD To advance prevention research, we examined race-based differences in gay-related stress in conjunction with the moderating role of mental health on substance use and sexual risk among 206 high-risk YMSM, recruited September, 2007-2010. RESULTS Negative binomial regressions and 3-way interaction graphs indicated that psychological distress and acute gay-related stigma placed all participants at most risk for HIV acquisition. Low psychological distress appeared to "buffer" all YMSM against HIV risk, whereas the reverse was evidenced for those reporting low gay-related stigma and psychological distress. YMSM of color reported more risk behavior, and less decreases in risk with attenuated psychological distress, compared with White YMSM. We hypothesize these trends to be associated with experiencing multiple stigmatized identities, indicating points of intervention for YMSM of color to achieve positive identity integration. There were sharper increases in HIV risk behavior for White YMSM with increasing gay-related stigma than for YMSM of color, which could be attributed to the latter's prolonged exposure to discrimination necessitating building coping skills to manage the influx of adversity. CONCLUSIONS Emphases on: (a) identity-based interventions for YMSM of color; and (b) skills-based interventions for White YMSM should supplement existing successful HIV risk-reduction programs. Lastly, mental health needs to be a target of intervention, as it constitutes a protective factor against HIV risk for all YMSM.
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339
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Fredriksen-Goldsen KI, Simoni JM, Kim HJ, Lehavot K, Walters KL, Yang J, Hoy-Ellis CP, Muraco A. The health equity promotion model: Reconceptualization of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) health disparities. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ORTHOPSYCHIATRY 2014; 84:653-63. [PMID: 25545433 DOI: 10.1037/ort0000030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
National health initiatives emphasize the importance of eliminating health disparities among historically disadvantaged populations. Yet, few studies have examined the range of health outcomes among lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) people. To stimulate more inclusive research in the area, we present the Health Equity Promotion Model-a framework oriented toward LGBT people reaching their full mental and physical health potential that considers both positive and adverse health-related circumstances. The model highlights (a) heterogeneity and intersectionality within LGBT communities; (b) the influence of structural and environmental context; and (c) both health-promoting and adverse pathways that encompass behavioral, social, psychological, and biological processes. It also expands upon earlier conceptualizations of sexual minority health by integrating a life course development perspective within the health-promotion model. By explicating the important role of agency and resilience as well as the deleterious effect of social structures on health outcomes, it supports policy and social justice to advance health and well-being in these communities. Important directions for future research as well as implications for health-promotion interventions and policies are offered.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Keren Lehavot
- MIRECC Postdoctoral Fellow, VA Puget Sound Health Care System
| | | | - Joyce Yang
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington
| | | | - Anna Muraco
- Department of Sociology, Loyola Marymount University
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340
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Eliason MJ. Chronic Physical Health Problems in Sexual Minority Women: Review of the Literature. LGBT Health 2014; 1:259-68. [PMID: 26789854 DOI: 10.1089/lgbt.2014.0026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although there is substantial literature about sexual minority women's mental health and use of alcohol, tobacco, and other drugs (ATOD), only recently has attention been focused on chronic physical health disorders thought to stem from stress and exposure to ATOD use. The most extensively studied aspect of physical health has been weight, with the majority of studies reporting higher prevalence of overweight and obesity. In addition, many studies report higher levels of stressful experiences in both childhood and adulthood for sexual minority women. In this paper, the hypothesized relationship between stress, unhealthy behaviors, and five common chronic physical health disorders is explored via review of the literature. Only asthma appeared to be consistently more common in sexual minority women, and few or no differences in diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and most cancers were found. The limitations of these studies are reviewed, and the need for studies that directly address the relationships among stress, health-damaging practices, and chronic disorder is emphasized. However, if these findings hold up, and sexual minority women are not more prone to these disorders, the field may need better theoretical frameworks from which to explore potential differences in the manifestation of mental versus chronic physical health disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele J Eliason
- Department of Health Education, San Francisco State University , San Francisco, California
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341
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Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Knowledge and Attitudes, Preventative Health Behaviors, and Medical Mistrust Among a Racially and Ethnically Diverse Sample of College Women. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2014; 2:77-85. [DOI: 10.1007/s40615-014-0050-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2014] [Revised: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 08/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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342
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Gamarel KE, Reisner SL, Laurenceau JP, Nemoto T, Operario D. Gender minority stress, mental health, and relationship quality: a dyadic investigation of transgender women and their cisgender male partners. JOURNAL OF FAMILY PSYCHOLOGY : JFP : JOURNAL OF THE DIVISION OF FAMILY PSYCHOLOGY OF THE AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION (DIVISION 43) 2014; 28:437-47. [PMID: 24932942 PMCID: PMC4122619 DOI: 10.1037/a0037171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Research has demonstrated associations between experiences of discrimination, relationship quality, and mental health. However, critical questions remain unanswered with regard to how stigma enacted and experienced at the dyadic-level influences relationship quality and mental health for transgender women and their cisgender (nontransgender) male partners. The present study sought to examine how experiences of transgender-related discrimination (i.e., unfair treatment, harassment) and relationship stigma (i.e., the real or anticipated fear of rejection based on one's romantic affiliation) were associated with both partners relationship quality and mental health. Couples (n = 191) were recruited to participate in cross-sectional survey. Dyadic analyses using actor-partner interdependence models were conducted to examine the influence of minority stressors on clinically significant depressive distress and relationship quality. For both partners, financial hardship, discrimination, and relationship stigma were associated with an increased odds of depressive distress. For both partners, financial hardship was associated with lower relationship quality. Among transgender women, their own and their partner's higher relationship stigma scores were associated with lower relationship quality; however, among male partners, only their partner's greater relationship stigma scores were associated with lower relationship quality. Findings provide preliminary support for dyadic crossover effects of relationship stigma on the health of partners. Findings illustrate the importance of minority stress and dyadic stress frameworks in understanding and intervening upon mental health disparities among transgender women and their male partners. Couples-based interventions and treatment approaches to help transgender women and their male partners cope with minority stressors are warranted to improve the health and well-being of both partners.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sari L. Reisner
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA
- The Fenway Institute, Fenway Health, Boston, MA
| | | | | | - Don Operario
- Brown University School of Medicine, Providence, RI
- Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI
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343
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Wong G, Derthick AO, David EJR, Saw A, Okazaki S. The What, the Why, and the How: A Review of Racial Microaggressions Research in Psychology. RACE AND SOCIAL PROBLEMS 2014; 6:181-200. [PMID: 26913088 PMCID: PMC4762607 DOI: 10.1007/s12552-013-9107-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Since the publication of Sue et al. (Am Psychol 62:271-286, 2007a, b) seminal article, there has been an enormous scholarly interest in psychology on this construct of racial microaggressions-subtle everyday experiences of racism. In this paper, we provide a review of racial microaggressions research literature in psychology since 2007, following the publication of the first comprehensive taxonomy of racial microaggressions, which provided a conceptual framework and directions for research related to racial microaggressions. However, our review suggests that important conceptual and methodological issues remain to be addressed in the three domains: (1) what are racial microaggressions and who do they impact; (2) why are racial microaggressions important to examine; and (3) how are racial microaggressions currently studied and how might we improve the methodologies used to study racial microaggressions. We propose recommendations to further facilitate racial microaggressions research, improve the scientific rigor of racial microaggressions research, and contribute toward a more complete and sophisticated understanding of the concept and consequences of racial microaggressions-a construct that is undoubtedly salient and psychologically relevant among many members of racial minority groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Wong
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Annie O. Derthick
- Department of Psychology, University of Alaska Anchorage, Anchorage, AK, USA
| | - E. J. R. David
- Department of Psychology, University of Alaska Anchorage, Anchorage, AK, USA
| | - Anne Saw
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Sumie Okazaki
- Department of Applied Psychology, New York University, New York City, NY, USA
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344
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Ikizler AS, Szymanski DM. A Qualitative Study of Middle Eastern/Arab American Sexual Minority Identity Development. JOURNAL OF LGBTQ ISSUES IN COUNSELING 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/15538605.2014.897295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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345
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Katz-Wise SL, Blood EA, Milliren CE, Calzo JP, Richmond TK, Gooding HC, Austin SB. Sexual orientation disparities in BMI among U.S. adolescents and young adults in three race/ethnicity groups. J Obes 2014; 2014:537242. [PMID: 24872890 PMCID: PMC4020453 DOI: 10.1155/2014/537242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Revised: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a key public health issue for US youth. Previous research with primarily white samples of youth has indicated that sexual minority females have higher body mass index (BMI) and sexual minority males have lower BMI than their same-gender heterosexual counterparts, with sexual orientation differences in males increasing across adolescence. This research explored whether gender and sexual orientation differences in BMI exist in nonwhite racial/ethnic groups. Using data from Waves I-IV (1995-2009) of the US National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (N = 13,306, ages 11-34 years), we examined associations between sexual orientation and BMI (kg/m2) over time, using longitudinal linear regression models, stratified by gender and race/ethnicity. Data were analyzed in 2013. Among males, heterosexual individuals showed greater one-year BMI gains than gay males across all race/ethnicity groups. Among females, white and Latina bisexual individuals had higher BMI than same-race/ethnicity heterosexual individuals regardless of age; there were no sexual orientation differences in black/African Americans. Sexual orientation disparities in BMI are a public health concern across race/ethnicity groups. Interventions addressing unhealthy weight gain in youth must be relevant for all sexual orientations and race/ethnicities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabra L. Katz-Wise
- Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Emily A. Blood
- Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Carly E. Milliren
- Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jerel P. Calzo
- Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tracy K. Richmond
- Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Holly C. Gooding
- Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - S. Bryn Austin
- Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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346
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Follins LD, Walker JJ, Lewis MK. Resilience in Black Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Individuals: A Critical Review of the Literature. JOURNAL OF GAY & LESBIAN MENTAL HEALTH 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/19359705.2013.828343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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347
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Shadick R, Akhter S. Suicide Prevention with Diverse College Students. JOURNAL OF COLLEGE STUDENT PSYCHOTHERAPY 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/87568225.2014.883877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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348
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Molina Y, Lehavot K, Beadnell B, Simoni J. Racial Disparities in Health Behaviors and Conditions Among Lesbian and Bisexual Women: The Role of Internalized Stigma. LGBT Health 2014; 1:131-139. [PMID: 25364769 PMCID: PMC4212827 DOI: 10.1089/lgbt.2013.0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
There are documented disparities in physical health behaviors and conditions, such as physical activity and obesity, with regard to both race/ethnicity and sexual orientation. However, physical health disparities for lesbian and bisexual (LB) women who are also racial minorities are relatively unexplored. Minority stressors, such as internalized stigma, may account for disparities in such multiply marginalized populations. We sought to (1) characterize inequalities among non-Hispanic white and African American LB women and (2) examine the roles of internalized sexism and homophobia in disparities. Data on health behaviors (diet, physical activity); physical health (hypertension, diabetes, overweight/obesity); internalized sexism; and internalized homophobia were collected via a web-based survey. Recruitment ads were sent electronically to over 200 listservs, online groups, and organizations serving the lesbian, gay, and bisexual community in all 50 U.S. states. The analytic sample consisted of 954 white and 75 African American LB women. African American participants were more likely than white participants to report low fruit/vegetable intake and physical activity, a higher body mass index, and a history of diabetes and hypertension. There were no racial differences in internalized homophobia, but African American women reported higher levels of internalized sexism. Internalized sexism partially mediated racial disparities in physical activity and diabetes, but not in the other outcomes. Findings suggest that African American LB women may be at greater risk than their white counterparts for poor health and that internalized sexism may be a mediator of racial differences for certain behaviors and conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamile Molina
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Division, University of Illinois–Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
- Department of Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Keren Lehavot
- VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Blair Beadnell
- School of Social Work, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Jane Simoni
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
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349
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Bauermeister JA, Meanley S, Hickok A, Pingel E, VanHemert W, Loveluck J. Sexuality-related work discrimination and its association with the health of sexual minority emerging and young adult men in the Detroit Metro Area. SEXUALITY RESEARCH & SOCIAL POLICY : JOURNAL OF NSRC : SR & SP 2014; 11:1-10. [PMID: 24659928 PMCID: PMC3960079 DOI: 10.1007/s13178-013-0139-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Discrimination has been linked to negative health outcomes among minority populations. The increasing evidence regarding health disparities among sexual minorities has underscored the importance of addressing sexuality discrimination as a public health issue. We conducted a web-based survey between May and September of 2012 in order to obtain a diverse sample of young men who have sex with men (ages 18-29; N = 397; 83% gay; 49% Black, 27% White, 15% Latino) living in the Detroit Metro Area (Michigan, USA). Using multivariate regression models, we examined the association between overall health (self-rated health, days in prior month when their physical or mental health was not good, limited functionality) and experiences of sexuality-based work discrimination. Fifteen percent reported at least one experience of sexuality-based work discrimination in the prior year. Recent workplace discrimination was associated with poorer self-rated health, a greater number of days when health was not good, and more functional limitation. We discuss the importance of addressing sexuality-related discrimination as a public health problem and propose multilevel intervention strategies to address these discriminatory practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- José A. Bauermeister
- The Center for Sexuality & Health Disparities, 300 North Ingalls – 9 Floor, Wing D. University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI 48109. United States
| | - Steven Meanley
- The Center for Sexuality & Health Disparities, 300 North Ingalls – 9 Floor, Wing D. University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI 48109. United States
| | - Andrew Hickok
- The Center for Sexuality & Health Disparities, 300 North Ingalls – 9 Floor, Wing D. University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI 48109. United States
| | - Emily Pingel
- The Center for Sexuality & Health Disparities, 300 North Ingalls – 9 Floor, Wing D. University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI 48109. United States
| | - William VanHemert
- AIDS Partnership Michigan, 2751 E. Jefferson Ave, Suite 301, Detroit, MI 48207. United States
| | - Jimena Loveluck
- HIV/AIDS Resource Center, 3075 Clark Road, Suite 203, Ypsilanti, MI 48197. United States
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350
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Ka'opua LSI, Diaz TP, Park SH, Bowen T, Patrick K, Tamang S, Braun KL. Colorectal Cancer Screening at the Nexus of HIV, Minority Statuses, and Cultural Safety. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH EDUCATION 2014; 45:42-51. [PMID: 24653993 PMCID: PMC3956657 DOI: 10.1080/19325037.2013.853002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of non-AIDS-defining cancers has increased significantly among persons living with HIV (PLHIV). Screening education is recommended. PURPOSE Social learning, minority stress, and cultural safety theories informed this pilot to assess the feasibility of a colorectal cancer screening intervention targeted to PLHIV, with additional tailoring for relevance to Native Hawaiians, a group with low participation in cancer screening. METHOD The targeted education included behavioral modeling and barriers counseling in a culturally safe environment. Using a 2-group, pre/posttest design, AIDS service organizations were randomized to culturally responsive or standard education. AIDS service organizations consumers recruited through venue-based promotions were the unit of analysis. Knowledge-attitudes-practices, fecal occult blood test screening completion, and intervention feasibility were measured. RESULTS Treatment arm participants, regardless of ethnicity, adhered to fecal occult blood test instructions and achieved increases in screening knowledge, attitudes, and practices. Relevance and acceptability of the educational intervention were endorsed. DISCUSSION The culturally responsive intervention was successful in this group of PLHIV. Additional tailoring may be needed to reach PLHIV who do not participate in organizational activities. CONCLUSION/TRANSLATION TO HEALTH EDUCATION PRACTICE This culturally responsive intervention shows promise for efficacy testing in a broader PLHIV population. Constituent-involving strategies were central to its development and delivery.
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