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Toro VD, Antonucci LA, Quarto T, Passiatore R, Fazio L, Ursini G, Chen Q, Masellis R, Torretta S, Sportelli L, Kikidis GC, Massari F, D'Ambrosio E, Rampino A, Pergola G, Weinberger DR, Bertolino A, Blasi G. The interaction between early life complications and a polygenic risk score for schizophrenia is associated with brain activity during emotion processing in healthy participants. Psychol Med 2024; 54:1876-1885. [PMID: 38305128 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291724000011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous evidence suggests that early life complications (ELCs) interact with polygenic risk for schizophrenia (SCZ) in increasing risk for the disease. However, no studies have investigated this interaction on neurobiological phenotypes. Among those, anomalous emotion-related brain activity has been reported in SCZ, even if evidence of its link with SCZ-related genetic risk is not solid. Indeed, it is possible this relationship is influenced by non-genetic risk factors. Thus, this study investigated the interaction between SCZ-related polygenic risk and ELCs on emotion-related brain activity. METHODS 169 healthy participants (HP) in a discovery and 113 HP in a replication sample underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during emotion processing, were categorized for history of ELCs and genome-wide genotyped. Polygenic risk scores (PRSs) were computed using SCZ-associated variants considering the most recent genome-wide association study. Furthermore, 75 patients with SCZ also underwent fMRI during emotion processing to verify consistency of their brain activity patterns with those associated with risk factors for SCZ in HP. RESULTS Results in the discovery and replication samples indicated no effect of PRSs, but an interaction between PRS and ELCs in left ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC), where the greater the activity, the greater PRS only in presence of ELCs. Moreover, SCZ had greater VLPFC response than HP. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that emotion-related VLPFC response lies in the path from genetic and non-genetic risk factors to the clinical presentation of SCZ, and may implicate an updated concept of intermediate phenotype considering early non-genetic factors of risk for SCZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Debora Toro
- Psychiatric Neuroscience Group, Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
- Department of Humanities, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Linda A Antonucci
- Psychiatric Neuroscience Group, Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Tiziana Quarto
- Department of Humanities, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Roberta Passiatore
- Psychiatric Neuroscience Group, Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Leonardo Fazio
- Psychiatric Neuroscience Group, Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Libera Università Mediterranea "Giuseppe Degennaro", Bari, Italy
| | - Gianluca Ursini
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Qiang Chen
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Rita Masellis
- Psychiatric Neuroscience Group, Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
- U.O.C. Psichiatria Universitaria, Azìenda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Consorziale Policlinico, Bari, Italy
| | - Silvia Torretta
- Psychiatric Neuroscience Group, Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Leonardo Sportelli
- Psychiatric Neuroscience Group, Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Gianluca Christos Kikidis
- Psychiatric Neuroscience Group, Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Massari
- Psychiatric Neuroscience Group, Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Enrico D'Ambrosio
- Psychiatric Neuroscience Group, Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Antonio Rampino
- Psychiatric Neuroscience Group, Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
- U.O.C. Psichiatria Universitaria, Azìenda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Consorziale Policlinico, Bari, Italy
| | - Giulio Pergola
- Psychiatric Neuroscience Group, Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Daniel R Weinberger
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alessandro Bertolino
- Psychiatric Neuroscience Group, Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
- U.O.C. Psichiatria Universitaria, Azìenda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Consorziale Policlinico, Bari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Blasi
- Psychiatric Neuroscience Group, Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
- U.O.C. Psichiatria Universitaria, Azìenda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Consorziale Policlinico, Bari, Italy
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Jia L, Wei Z, Wang J, Zhang X, Wang H, Chen R, Zhang X. Children's early signs and developmental trajectories of psychotic-like experiences. Brain Res 2024; 1832:148853. [PMID: 38458308 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2024.148853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Children who experience persistent psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) are at a higher risk of developing psychotic disorder later in life. The developmental trajectories of PLEs are influenced by various factors. Therefore, it is important to identify early characteristics that can distinguish and predict between different developmental trajectories of PLEs. METHODS Using PLEs scores from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) data across three waves, we categorized participants into five distinct PLEs trajectories groups: persistent group (n = 47), remitting group (n = 185), increasing group (n = 117), remittent group (n = 21), and no PLEs group (n = 4,476). We utilized linear mixed-effect models and generalized linear mixed-effect models to examine the differences in baseline characteristics, including psychological and behavioral problems, suicidality, trauma experiences, developmental milestones, cognitive function, physical health, family income, family history of mental illness, and brain structureamong these PLEs trajectory groups. RESULTS We found that psychological and behavioral problems (such as DSM-oriented scales/externalizing/ADHD/social/attention/thought problems) assessed by the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) were associated with all PLEs groups. The persistent PLEs group had greater ADHD/social/thought problems and suicidal behavior compared to the remitting PLEs group. Comparing with the no PLEs group, poor cognitive function, abnormal brain structure (such as temporal lobe and supramarginal gyrus), more trauma experiences, and lower family income were found in only one of the PLEs groups, but not all PLEs groups. CONCLUSION The development of PLEs is accompanied by changes in many domains, implying a dynamic and complex developmental process. Given that psychological and behavioral problems can predict the emergence of PLEs at any time and can be regarded as risk factors for persistent PLEs, thereby enabling early precisely interventions, it is important to place greater emphasis on assessing psychological and behavioral problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luxia Jia
- School of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China; Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; Institute of Healthy China, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Ziqian Wei
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; Institute of Healthy China, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; Institute of Healthy China, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; Institute of Healthy China, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Huagen Wang
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; Institute of Healthy China, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Runsen Chen
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; Institute of Healthy China, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
| | - Xiaoqian Zhang
- Wulituo Hospital of Beijing Shijingshan District, Beijing, China.
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Polemiti E, Hese S, Schepanski K, Yuan J, Schumann G. How does the macroenvironment influence brain and behaviour-a review of current status and future perspectives. Mol Psychiatry 2024:10.1038/s41380-024-02557-x. [PMID: 38658771 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-024-02557-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
The environment influences brain and mental health, both detrimentally and beneficially. Existing research has emphasised the individual psychosocial 'microenvironment'. Less attention has been paid to 'macroenvironmental' challenges, including climate change, pollution, urbanicity, and socioeconomic disparity. Notably, the implications of climate and pollution on brain and mental health have only recently gained prominence. With the advent of large-scale big-data cohorts and an increasingly dense mapping of macroenvironmental parameters, we are now in a position to characterise the relation between macroenvironment, brain, and behaviour across different geographic and cultural locations globally. This review synthesises findings from recent epidemiological and neuroimaging studies, aiming to provide a comprehensive overview of the existing evidence between the macroenvironment and the structure and functions of the brain, with a particular emphasis on its implications for mental illness. We discuss putative underlying mechanisms and address the most common exposures of the macroenvironment. Finally, we identify critical areas for future research to enhance our understanding of the aetiology of mental illness and to inform effective interventions for healthier environments and mental health promotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elli Polemiti
- Centre of Population Neuroscience and Stratified Medicine (PONS), Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience CCM, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Sören Hese
- Institute of Geography, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | | | - Jiacan Yuan
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences & Institute of Atmospheric Sciences & CMA-FDU Joint Laboratory of Marine Meteorology & IRDR-ICOE on Risk Interconnectivity and Governance on Weather/Climate Extremes Impact and Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Gunter Schumann
- Centre of Population Neuroscience and Stratified Medicine (PONS), Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience CCM, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Stratified Medicine (PONS), Institute for Science and Technology of Brain-inspired Intelligence (ISTBI), Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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Dickie EW, Ameis SH, Boileau I, Diaconescu AO, Felsky D, Goldstein BI, Gonçalves V, Griffiths JD, Haltigan JD, Husain MO, Rubin-Kahana DS, Iftikhar M, Jani M, Lai MC, Lin HY, MacIntosh BJ, Wheeler AL, Vasdev N, Vieira E, Ahmadzadeh G, Heyland L, Mohan A, Ogunsanya F, Oliver LD, Zhu C, Wong JKY, Charlton C, Truong J, Yu L, Kelly R, Cleverley K, Courtney DB, Foussias G, Hawke LD, Hill S, Kozloff N, Polillo A, Rotenberg M, Quilty LC, Tempelaar W, Wang W, Nikolova YS, Voineskos AN. Neuroimaging and Biosample Collection in the Toronto Adolescent and Youth Cohort Study: Rationale, Methods, and Early Data. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY. COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2024; 9:275-284. [PMID: 37979944 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2023.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Toronto Adolescent and Youth (TAY) Cohort Study will characterize the neurobiological trajectories of psychosis spectrum symptoms, functioning, and suicidality (i.e., suicidal thoughts and behaviors) in youth seeking mental health care. Here, we present the neuroimaging and biosample component of the protocol. We also present feasibility and quality control metrics for the baseline sample collected thus far. METHODS The current study includes youths (ages 11-24 years) who were referred to child and youth mental health services within a large tertiary care center in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, with target recruitment of 1500 participants. Participants were offered the opportunity to provide any or all of the following: 1) 1-hour magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan (electroencephalography if ineligible for or declined MRI), 2) blood sample for genomic and proteomic data (or saliva if blood collection was declined or not feasible) and urine sample, and 3) heart rate recording to assess respiratory sinus arrhythmia. RESULTS Of the first 417 participants who consented to participate between May 4, 2021, and February 2, 2023, 412 agreed to participate in the imaging and biosample protocol. Of these, 334 completed imaging, 341 provided a biosample, 338 completed respiratory sinus arrhythmia, and 316 completed all 3. Following quality control, data usability was high (MRI: T1-weighted 99%, diffusion-weighted imaging 99%, arterial spin labeling 90%, resting-state functional MRI 95%, task functional MRI 90%; electroencephalography: 83%; respiratory sinus arrhythmia: 99%). CONCLUSIONS The high consent rates, good completion rates, and high data usability reported here demonstrate the feasibility of collecting and using brain imaging and biosamples in a large clinical cohort of youths seeking mental health care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin W Dickie
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stephanie H Ameis
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Isabelle Boileau
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andreea O Diaconescu
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daniel Felsky
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Benjamin I Goldstein
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vanessa Gonçalves
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - John D Griffiths
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - John D Haltigan
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Muhammad O Husain
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dafna S Rubin-Kahana
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Myera Iftikhar
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Melanie Jani
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Meng-Chuan Lai
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Yuan Lin
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bradley J MacIntosh
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anne L Wheeler
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Hospital for Sick Children, Neurosciences and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Neil Vasdev
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Erica Vieira
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ghazaleh Ahmadzadeh
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lindsay Heyland
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Acadia University, Wolfville, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Akshay Mohan
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Feyi Ogunsanya
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lindsay D Oliver
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Cherrie Zhu
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute at Sinai Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jimmy K Y Wong
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Colleen Charlton
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jennifer Truong
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lujia Yu
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rachel Kelly
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kristin Cleverley
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Darren B Courtney
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - George Foussias
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lisa D Hawke
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sean Hill
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nicole Kozloff
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alexia Polillo
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Martin Rotenberg
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lena C Quilty
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Wanda Tempelaar
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Wei Wang
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yuliya S Nikolova
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Aristotle N Voineskos
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Johnstone S, Wong C, Pun C, Girard TA, Kim HS. Endorsement of psychotic-like experiences and problematic cannabis use associated with worse executive functioning performance in undergraduates. Drug Alcohol Depend 2024; 254:111054. [PMID: 38091900 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2023.111054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emerging adults who endorse more positive psychotic-like experiences (PLEs; bizarre experiences, delusional ideations) may experience greater cannabis-related impairments in executive function. Negative and depressive PLEs are also associated with cannabis use, however, less is known about their relation to executive functioning. Here, we hypothesize that high positive PLEs and cannabis use are associated with worse performance on computerized versions of the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) and the Card Sorting Task (CST); exploratory analyses are conducted with negative and depressive PLEs. METHODS We recruited university students (N = 543) who completed an online study consisting of self-report measures of problematic cannabis use (Cannabis Use Disorder Identification Test; CUDIT-R) and PLEs (Community Assessment of Psychotic Experiences; CAPE). Of these, n=270 completed the CST and n=251 completed the IGT. RESULTS Problematic cannabis use and high endorsement of positive PLEs related to significantly worse performance on the IGT and greater perseverative errors on the CST. In addition, people who endorsed high levels of positive PLEs were also significantly more likely to complete the IGT with less money relative to those who endorsed fewer PLEs, regardless of cannabis use. Further analyses based on negative PLEs revealed a similar pattern for perseverative errors on the CST; depressive PLEs were not related to task performance. CONCLUSION Findings highlight that problematic cannabis use and more frequent and distressing positive PLEs are associated with poorer executive functioning. Thus, executive functioning may have implications for intervention among those high on both attributes, who are at high risk of onset of psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Johnstone
- Department of Psychology, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Canada
| | - Cassandra Wong
- Department of Psychology, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Canada
| | - Carson Pun
- Department of Psychology, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Canada
| | - Todd A Girard
- Department of Psychology, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Canada
| | - Hyoun S Kim
- Department of Psychology, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Canada; University of Ottawa Institute of Mental Health Research at the Royal, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
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Yang L, Xiao X, Yu L, Shen Z, Luo Y, Zhao G, Dou Z, Lin W, Yang J, Yang L, Yu S. Neural mechanisms of working memory dysfunction in patients with chronic insomnia disorder. Sleep Med 2023; 112:151-158. [PMID: 37865032 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2023.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the neural mechanisms underlying working memory impairment in patients with chronic insomnia disorder (CID) using event-related potentials (ERP) and resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) approaches. METHODS Participants, including CID patients and healthy controls (HCs), completed clinical scales and underwent electroencephalography (EEG) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). EEG analysis compared reaction times, P3 amplitudes, event-related spectral perturbations (ERSP), and inter-trial phase synchronisation (ITPS) between CID patients and HCs. Subsequently, frontal regions (i.e., the Superior Frontal Gyrus [SFG] and Middle Frontal Gyrus [MFG]) corresponding to the EEG were selected as seeds for rsFC analysis. Correlation analyses were conducted to further investigate the relationship between functional connectivity abnormalities in brain regions and clinical symptom severity and P3 amplitude in CID patients. RESULTS Compared to HCs, CID patients exhibited slower reaction times across all working memory conditions, with the deficits becoming more pronounced as memory load increased. ERP analysis revealed increased P3 amplitude, theta wave power, and reduced inter-trial synchrony in CID patients. rsFC analysis showed decreased connectivity of SFG-posterior cingulated cortex (PCC), SFG-MFG, and MFG-frontal pole (FP), and increased connectivity of MFG- Middle Temporal Gyrus (MTG)in CID patients. Importantly, a significant correlation was found between the rsFC of SFG-MTG and P3 amplitude during 1-back. CONCLUSION This study confirms deficits in working memory capacity in patients with CID, specifically in the neural mechanisms of cognitive processing that vary depending on the level of cognitive load. Alterations in connectivity patterns within and between the frontal and temporal regions may be the neural basis of the cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Yang
- School of Acupuncture and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiangwen Xiao
- School of Acupuncture and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Liyong Yu
- School of Acupuncture and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhifu Shen
- Center of Interventional Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Yucai Luo
- School of Acupuncture and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Guangli Zhao
- School of Rehabilitation and Health Preservation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Zeyang Dou
- School of Acupuncture and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenting Lin
- School of Rehabilitation and Health Preservation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jie Yang
- School of Acupuncture and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Lili Yang
- School of Acupuncture and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
| | - Siyi Yu
- School of Acupuncture and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China; Acupuncture and Brain Science Research Center, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
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Didier PR, Moore TM, Calkins ME, Prettyman G, Levinson T, Savage C, de Moraes Leme LFV, Kohler CG, Kable J, Satterthwaite T, Gur RC, Gur RE, Wolf DH. Evaluation of a new intrinsic and extrinsic motivation scale in youth with psychosis spectrum symptoms. Compr Psychiatry 2023; 127:152413. [PMID: 37696094 PMCID: PMC10644398 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2023.152413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Impairment in intrinsic motivation (IM), the drive to satisfy internal desires like mastery, may play a key role in disability in psychosis. However, we have limited knowledge regarding relative impairments in IM compared to extrinsic motivation (EM) or general motivation (GM), in part due to limitations in existing measures. METHODS Here we address this gap using a novel Trait Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation self-report scale in a sample of n = 243 participants including those with schizophrenia, psychosis-risk, and healthy controls. Each of the 7 IM and 6 EM items used a 7-point Likert scale assessing endorsement of dispositional statements. Bifactor analyses of these items yielded distinct IM, EM, and GM factor scores. Convergent and discriminant validity were examined in relation to General Causality Orientation Scale (GCOS-CP) and Quality of Life 3-item IM measure (QLS-IM). Utility was assessed in relation to psychosis-spectrum (PS) status and CAINS clinical amotivation. RESULTS IM and EM showed acceptable inter-item consistency (IM: α = 0.88; EM: α = 0.66); the bifactor model exhibited fit that varied from good to borderline to inadequate depending on the specific fit metric (SRMR = 0.038, CFI = 0.94, RMSEA = 0.106 ± 0.014). IM scores correlated with established IM measures: GCOS-CP Autonomy (rho = 0.38, p < 0.01) and QLS-IM (rho = 0.29, p < 0.01). Supporting discriminant validity, IM did not correlate with GCOS-CP Control (rho = -0.14, p > 0.05). Two-year stability in an available longitudinal subset (n = 35) was strong (IM: rho = 0.64, p < 0.01; EM: rho = 0.55, p < 0.01). Trait IM was lower in PS youth (t = 4.24, p < 0.01), and correlated with clinical amotivation (rho = -0.36, p < 0.01); EM did not show significant clinical associations. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate the clinical relevance of IM in psychosis risk. They also provide preliminary support for the reliability, validity and utility of this new Trait IM-EM scale, which addresses a measurement gap and can facilitate identification of neurobehavioral and clinical correlates of IM deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paige R Didier
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
| | - Tyler M Moore
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Penn-CHOP Lifespan Brain Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Monica E Calkins
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Penn-CHOP Lifespan Brain Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Greer Prettyman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Tess Levinson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Lynch School of Education and Human Development, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, USA
| | - Chloe Savage
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | | - Christian G Kohler
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Joseph Kable
- Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Theodore Satterthwaite
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Penn-CHOP Lifespan Brain Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging Center (PennLINC), Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ruben C Gur
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Penn-CHOP Lifespan Brain Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Raquel E Gur
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Penn-CHOP Lifespan Brain Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Daniel H Wolf
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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8
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Thomas M, Whittle S, Tian YE, van Rheenen TE, Zalesky A, Cropley VL. Pathways from threat exposure to psychotic symptoms in youth: The role of emotion recognition bias and brain structure. Schizophr Res 2023; 261:304-313. [PMID: 37898031 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2023.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research supports an association between threatening experiences in childhood and psychosis. It is possible that early threat exposure disrupts the development of emotion recognition (specifically, producing a bias for facial expressions relating to threat) and the brain structures subserving it, contributing to psychosis development. METHODS Using data from the Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort, we examined associations between threat exposure and both the misattribution of facial expressions to fear/anger in an emotion recognition task, and gray matter volumes in key emotion processing regions. Our sample comprised youth with psychosis spectrum symptoms (N = 304), control youth (N = 787), and to evaluate specificity, youth with internalizing symptoms (N = 92). The moderating effects of group and sex were examined. RESULTS Both the psychosis spectrum and internalizing groups had higher levels of threat exposure than controls. In the total sample, threat exposure was associated with lower left medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) volume but not misattributions to fear/anger. The effects of threat exposure did not significantly differ by group or sex. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study provide evidence for an effect of threat exposure on mPFC morphology, but do not support an association between threat exposure and a recognition bias for threat-related expressions, that is particularly pronounced in psychosis. Future research should investigate factors linking transdiagnostic alterations related to threat exposure with psychotic symptoms, and attempt to clarify the mechanisms underpinning emotion recognition misattributions in threat-exposed youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Thomas
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne & Melbourne Health, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Sarah Whittle
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne & Melbourne Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ye E Tian
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne & Melbourne Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Tamsyn E van Rheenen
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne & Melbourne Health, Melbourne, Australia; Centre for Mental Health, School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Andrew Zalesky
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne & Melbourne Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Vanessa L Cropley
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne & Melbourne Health, Melbourne, Australia
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9
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Polemiti E, Hese S, Schepanski K, Yuan J, Schumann G. How does the macroenvironment influence brain and behaviour - a review of current status and future perspectives. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.10.09.23296785. [PMID: 37873310 PMCID: PMC10593044 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.09.23296785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
The environment influences mental health, both detrimentally and beneficially. Current research has emphasized the individual psychosocial 'microenvironment'. Less attention has been paid to 'macro-environmental' challenges including climate change, pollution, urbanicity and socioeconomic disparity. With the advent of large-scale big-data cohorts and an increasingly dense mapping of macroenvironmental parameters, we are now in a position to characterise the relation between macroenvironment, brain, and behaviour across different geographic and cultural locations globally. This review synthesises findings from recent epidemiological and neuroimaging studies, aiming to provide a comprehensive overview of the existing evidence between the macroenvironment and the structure and functions of the brain, with a particular emphasis on its implications for mental illness. We discuss putative underlying mechanisms and address the most common exposures of the macroenvironment. Finally, we identify critical areas for future research to enhance our understanding of the aetiology of mental illness and to inform effective interventions for healthier environments and mental health promotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elli Polemiti
- Centre of Population Neuroscience and Stratified Medicine (PONS), Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Soeren Hese
- Institute of Geography, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Germany
| | | | - Jiacan Yuan
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences & Institute of Atmospheric Sciences & CMA-FDU Joint Laboratory of Marine Meteorology & IRDR-ICOE on Risk Interconnectivity and Governance on Weather/Climate Extremes Impact and Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Gunter Schumann
- Centre of Population Neuroscience and Stratified Medicine (PONS), Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine (PONS), Institute for Science and Technology of Brain-inspired Intelligence (ISTBI), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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10
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Levinson T, Prettyman G, Savage C, White L, Moore TM, Calkins ME, Ruparel K, Gur RE, Gur RC, Satterthwaite TD, Wolf DH. Activation of Internal Correctness Monitoring Circuitry in Youths With Psychosis Spectrum Symptoms. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY. COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2023; 8:542-550. [PMID: 37019760 PMCID: PMC10164703 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2023.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Self-directed performance monitoring is a critical contributor to cognitive performance and general functioning and is impacted by psychiatric symptoms and personality traits, but has been understudied in psychosis-risk states. We have shown that ventral striatum (VS) responds to correctness during cognitive tasks where no explicit feedback is required, and this intrinsic reinforcement response is reduced in schizophrenia. METHODS Here, we examined this phenomenon in youths (n = 796, age range 11-22 years) from the Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort (PNC) performing a working memory functional magnetic resonance imaging task. We hypothesized that VS would respond to internal correctness monitoring, while classic salience network regions, such as dorsal anterior cingulate cortex and anterior insular cortex, would reflect internal error monitoring and that these responses would increase with age. We expected that neurobehavioral measures of performance monitoring would be reduced in youths with subclinical psychosis spectrum features and would correlate with amotivation severity. RESULTS Supporting these hypotheses, we found correct>incorrect activation in VS and incorrect>correct activation in anterior cingulate cortex and anterior insular cortex. Furthermore, VS activation was positively correlated with age, reduced in youths with psychosis spectrum features, and inversely correlated with amotivation. However, these patterns were not significant in anterior cingulate cortex and anterior insular cortex. CONCLUSIONS These findings advance our understanding of the neural underpinnings of performance monitoring and its impairment in adolescents with psychosis spectrum features. Such understanding can facilitate investigation of the developmental trajectory of normative and aberrant performance monitoring; contribute to early identification of youths at elevated risk for poor academic, occupational, or psychiatric outcomes; and provide potential targets for therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tess Levinson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Lynch School of Education and Human Development, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts
| | - Greer Prettyman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Chloe Savage
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Lauren White
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Penn-CHOP Lifespan Brain Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Tyler M Moore
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Penn-CHOP Lifespan Brain Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Monica E Calkins
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Penn-CHOP Lifespan Brain Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Kosha Ruparel
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Raquel E Gur
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Penn-CHOP Lifespan Brain Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Ruben C Gur
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Penn-CHOP Lifespan Brain Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Theodore D Satterthwaite
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Penn-CHOP Lifespan Brain Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging Center, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Daniel H Wolf
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
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11
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Murtha K, Larsen B, Pines A, Parkes L, Moore TM, Adebimpe A, Bertolero M, Alexander-Bloch A, Calkins ME, Davila DG, Lindquist MA, Mackey AP, Roalf DR, Scott JC, Wolf DH, Gur RC, Gur RE, Barzilay R, Satterthwaite TD. Associations between neighborhood socioeconomic status, parental education, and executive system activation in youth. Cereb Cortex 2023; 33:1058-1073. [PMID: 35348659 PMCID: PMC9930626 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhac120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Socioeconomic status (SES) can impact cognitive performance, including working memory (WM). As executive systems that support WM undergo functional neurodevelopment during adolescence, environmental stressors at both individual and community levels may influence cognitive outcomes. Here, we sought to examine how SES at the neighborhood and family level impacts task-related activation of the executive system during adolescence and determine whether this effect mediates the relationship between SES and WM performance. To address these questions, we studied 1,150 youths (age 8-23) that completed a fractal n-back WM task during functional magnetic resonance imaging at 3T as part of the Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort. We found that both higher neighborhood SES and parental education were associated with greater activation of the executive system to WM load, including the bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, posterior parietal cortex, and precuneus. The association of neighborhood SES remained significant when controlling for task performance, or related factors like exposure to traumatic events. Furthermore, high-dimensional multivariate mediation analysis identified distinct patterns of brain activity within the executive system that significantly mediated the relationship between measures of SES and task performance. These findings underscore the importance of multilevel environmental factors in shaping executive system function and WM in youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Murtha
- Neurodevelopment and Psychosis Section, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Lifespan Brain Institute, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Perleman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging Center, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Bart Larsen
- Neurodevelopment and Psychosis Section, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Lifespan Brain Institute, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Perleman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging Center, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Adam Pines
- Neurodevelopment and Psychosis Section, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Lifespan Brain Institute, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Perleman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging Center, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Linden Parkes
- Neurodevelopment and Psychosis Section, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering & Applied Science, University of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Tyler M Moore
- Neurodevelopment and Psychosis Section, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Lifespan Brain Institute, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Perleman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Azeez Adebimpe
- Neurodevelopment and Psychosis Section, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Lifespan Brain Institute, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Perleman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging Center, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Maxwell Bertolero
- Neurodevelopment and Psychosis Section, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Lifespan Brain Institute, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Perleman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging Center, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Aaron Alexander-Bloch
- Neurodevelopment and Psychosis Section, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Lifespan Brain Institute, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Perleman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Monica E Calkins
- Neurodevelopment and Psychosis Section, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Lifespan Brain Institute, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Perleman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Diego G Davila
- Neurodevelopment and Psychosis Section, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Lifespan Brain Institute, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Perleman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging Center, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Martin A Lindquist
- Department of Biostatistics, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Allyson P Mackey
- Department of Psychology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - David R Roalf
- Neurodevelopment and Psychosis Section, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Lifespan Brain Institute, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Perleman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - James C Scott
- Neurodevelopment and Psychosis Section, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Lifespan Brain Institute, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Perleman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Daniel H Wolf
- Neurodevelopment and Psychosis Section, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Lifespan Brain Institute, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Perleman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Ruben C Gur
- Neurodevelopment and Psychosis Section, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Lifespan Brain Institute, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Perleman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Raquel E Gur
- Neurodevelopment and Psychosis Section, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Lifespan Brain Institute, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Perleman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ran Barzilay
- Neurodevelopment and Psychosis Section, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Lifespan Brain Institute, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Perleman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Theodore D Satterthwaite
- Neurodevelopment and Psychosis Section, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Lifespan Brain Institute, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Perleman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging Center, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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12
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Fiorito AM, Aleman A, Blasi G, Bourque J, Cao H, Chan RCK, Chowdury A, Conrod P, Diwadkar VA, Goghari VM, Guinjoan S, Gur RE, Gur RC, Kwon JS, Lieslehto J, Lukow PB, Meyer-Lindenberg A, Modinos G, Quarto T, Spilka MJ, Shivakumar V, Venkatasubramanian G, Villarreal M, Wang Y, Wolf DH, Yun JY, Fakra E, Sescousse G. Are Brain Responses to Emotion a Reliable Endophenotype of Schizophrenia? An Image-Based Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Meta-analysis. Biol Psychiatry 2023; 93:167-177. [PMID: 36085080 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2022.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Impaired emotion processing constitutes a key dimension of schizophrenia and a possible endophenotype of this illness. Empirical studies consistently report poorer emotion recognition performance in patients with schizophrenia as well as in individuals at enhanced risk of schizophrenia. Functional magnetic resonance imaging studies also report consistent patterns of abnormal brain activation in response to emotional stimuli in patients, in particular, decreased amygdala activation. In contrast, brain-level abnormalities in at-risk individuals are more elusive. We address this gap using an image-based meta-analysis of the functional magnetic resonance imaging literature. METHODS Functional magnetic resonance imaging studies investigating brain responses to negative emotional stimuli and reporting a comparison between at-risk individuals and healthy control subjects were identified. Frequentist and Bayesian voxelwise meta-analyses were performed separately, by implementing a random-effect model with unthresholded group-level T-maps from individual studies as input. RESULTS In total, 17 studies with a cumulative total of 677 at-risk individuals and 805 healthy control subjects were included. Frequentist analyses did not reveal significant differences between at-risk individuals and healthy control subjects. Similar results were observed with Bayesian analyses, which provided strong evidence for the absence of meaningful brain activation differences across the entire brain. Region of interest analyses specifically focusing on the amygdala confirmed the lack of group differences in this region. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that brain activation patterns in response to emotional stimuli are unlikely to constitute a reliable endophenotype of schizophrenia. We suggest that future studies instead focus on impaired functional connectivity as an alternative and promising endophenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Fiorito
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR 5292, PSYR2 Team, University of Lyon, Lyon, France; Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France.
| | - André Aleman
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells & Systems, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Giuseppe Blasi
- Group of Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Josiane Bourque
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Hengyi Cao
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York
| | - Raymond C K Chan
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China
| | - Asadur Chowdury
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Patricia Conrod
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Department of Psychiatry and Addiction, University of Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Vaibhav A Diwadkar
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Vina M Goghari
- Department of Psychological Clinical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Raquel E Gur
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Ruben C Gur
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jun Soo Kwon
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Johannes Lieslehto
- University of Eastern Finland, Department of Forensic Psychiatry, Niuvanniemi Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Paulina B Lukow
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andreas Meyer-Lindenberg
- Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Gemma Modinos
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Michael J Spilka
- Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Venkataram Shivakumar
- Department of Integrative Medicine, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bengaluru, India
| | | | - Mirta Villarreal
- Instituto de Neurociencias FLENI-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, UBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Yi Wang
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China
| | - Daniel H Wolf
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Je-Yeon Yun
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eric Fakra
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR 5292, PSYR2 Team, University of Lyon, Lyon, France; Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Guillaume Sescousse
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR 5292, PSYR2 Team, University of Lyon, Lyon, France; Centre Hospitalier Le Vinatier, Bron, France
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13
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Xu Y, Zhang W, Zhang H, Wang L, Luo Y, Ni G. Association between tennis training experience and executive function in children aged 8–12. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 16:924809. [PMID: 35992939 PMCID: PMC9381735 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.924809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognitively engaging activities have been shown to facilitate the improvement of executive functions in children. However, a limited number of studies have investigated whether the relationship between dose parameters of physical activities and executive functions, and heterogeneity exists. In the present study, we aim to explore the association between tennis training experience and executive functions in children. Sixty children between the ages of 8 and 12 were recruited in this study and were allocated to the short-term (ST) group (<12 months, n = 30) and the long-term (LT) group (more than 12 months, n = 30). The abilities of inhibitory control, cognitive flexibility, and working memory were measured by the Stop-signal task, Switching task, and N-back task, respectively. There was no significant group difference in either the accuracy or reaction time of the Stop-signal task. No significant difference between the groups' accuracy in the Switching task was observed. However, the LT group presented a shorter reaction time than the ST group (731.69 ± 149.23 ms vs. 857.15 ± 157.99 ms, P < 0.01) in the Switching task. Additionally, training experience was positively associated with the reaction time of the Switching task. As for the N-back task, in comparison with the LT group, the ST group showed a longer reaction time (711.37 ± 168.14 ms vs. 164.75 ± 635.88 ms, P < 0.05). Moreover, training experience was also positively associated with the reaction time of the N-back task. But there was no significant group difference in the accuracy of the N-back task. In conclusion, children trained for over 1 year have better performance in cognitive flexibility and working memory than those trained in <1 year; thus, tennis experience is positively associated with executive functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Xu
- School of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Wanxia Zhang
- School of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Hanfeng Zhang
- School of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
- Sports Education Department, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China
| | - Lijuan Wang
- School of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanlin Luo
- Department of Neurobiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Yanlin Luo
| | - Guoxin Ni
- School of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
- Guoxin Ni
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14
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Xu Y, Zhang W, Zhang K, Feng M, Duan T, Chen Y, Wei X, Luo Y, Ni G. Basketball training frequency is associated with executive functions in boys aged 6 to 8 years. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 16:917385. [PMID: 35937678 PMCID: PMC9353049 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.917385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigates the relationship between the frequency of basketball training and executive functions (inhibitory control, working memory, and cognitive flexibility) in boys aged 6 to 8. A total of 40 boys recruited from a local after-school basketball training club were divided into a low-frequency group (once a week) and a high-frequency group (at least twice a week). An additional 20 age-matched boys recruited from a local elementary school were considered as the control group (no training experience). All subjects conducted the Stop-signal task, the N-back task, and the switching task at rest. The mean reaction time and accuracy data obtained from each task were used in statistical analysis. There was no significant group difference in either the accuracy or reaction time of inhibitory control. Meanwhile, no significant difference was found in the reaction time of working memory across groups. However, the high-frequency group exhibited significantly higher accuracy (93.00 ± 4.31%) with regard to working memory than the low-frequency group (85.4 ± 6.04%, P < 0.001) and the control group (83.73 ± 7.70%, P < 0.001), respectively. A positive correlation was also found between the accuracy of working memory and groups. Furthermore, in comparison with the control group, the high-frequency group exhibited significantly higher cognitive flexibility accuracy (91.93 ± 7.40% vs. 85.70 ± 9.75%, P = 0.004) and shorter reaction time (934.24 ± 213.02 ms vs. 1,122.06 ± 299.14 ms, P < 0.001). There was also a positive correlation between the accuracy of cognitive flexibility and groups. These findings suggest that regular basketball training, especially with higher frequency, is beneficial to working memory and cognitive flexibilityin boys aged 6 to 8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Xu
- School of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Wanxia Zhang
- School of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Kexin Zhang
- School of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Min Feng
- School of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Tianqi Duan
- School of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Yilin Chen
- School of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Xuexiang Wei
- School of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanlin Luo
- Department of Neurobiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Yanlin Luo Guoxin Ni
| | - Guoxin Ni
- School of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Yanlin Luo Guoxin Ni
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15
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Hou J, Schmitt S, Zhao X, Wang J, Chen J, Mao Z, Qi A, Lu Z, Kircher T, Yang Y, Shi J. Neural Correlates of Facial Emotion Recognition in Non-help-seeking University Students With Ultra-High Risk for Psychosis. Front Psychol 2022; 13:812208. [PMID: 35756282 PMCID: PMC9226575 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.812208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Since the introduction of the neurodevelopmental perspective of schizophrenia research on individuals at ultra-high risk for psychosis (UHR) has gained increasing interest, aiming at early detection and intervention. Results from fMRI studies investigating behavioral and brain functional changes in UHR during facial emotion recognition, an essential component of social cognition, showed heterogenous results, probably due clinical diversity across these investigations. This fMRI study investigated emotion recognition in a sub-group of the UHR spectrum, namely non-help-seeking, drug-naïve UHR with high cognitive functioning to reveal the neurofunctional underpinnings of their social functioning in comparison to healthy controls. Methods Two large cohorts of students from an elite University (n 1 = 4,040, n 2 = 4,364) were screened firstly with the Prodromal Questionnaires and by surpassing predefined cut-offs then interviewed with the semi-structured Interview for Psychosis-Risk Syndromes to verify their UHR status. Twenty-one identified non-help-seeking UHR and 23 non-UHR control subjects were scanned with functional magnetic resonance imaging while classifying emotions (i.e., neutral, happy, disgust and fear) in a facial emotion recognition task. Results Behaviorally, no group differences were found concerning accuracy, reaction times, sensitivity or specificity, except that non-help-seeking UHR showed higher specificity when recognizing neutral facial expressions. In comparison to healthy non-UHR controls, non-help-seeking UHR showed generally higher activation in the superior temporal and left Heschl's gyrus as well as in the somatosensory, insular and midcingulate cortex than the control subjects during the entire recognition task regardless of the emotion categories. In an exploratory analysis, in the non-help-seeking UHR group, functional activity in the left superior temporal gyrus was significantly correlated with deficits in the ability to experience emotions at uncorrected statistical thresholds. Conclusions Compared to healthy controls, non-help-seeking UHR show no behavioral deficits during facial emotion recognition, but functional hyperactivities in brain regions associated with this cognitive process. Our study may inspire future early intervention and provide loci for treatment using neural stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaojiao Hou
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Shanghai, China
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Simon Schmitt
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Hannover Medical School, Clinics for Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hannover, Germany
| | - Xudong Zhao
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Pudong New Area Mental Health Center, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiayi Wang
- Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianxing Chen
- Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ziyu Mao
- Ruijin Hospital Luwan Branch, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ansi Qi
- Department of Medical Psychology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zheng Lu
- Department of Psychiatry, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tilo Kircher
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Yunbo Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Jingyu Shi
- Shanghai Pudong New Area Mental Health Center, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Division of Medical Humanities and Behavioral Sciences, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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16
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Metabolic disturbances, hemoglobin A1c, and social cognition impairment in Schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Transl Psychiatry 2022; 12:233. [PMID: 35668078 PMCID: PMC9170776 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-022-02002-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Social cognitive impairments are core features of schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD) and are associated with greater functional impairment and decreased quality of life. Metabolic disturbances have been related to greater impairment in general neurocognition, but their relationship to social cognition has not been previously reported. In this study, metabolic measures and social cognition were assessed in 245 participants with SSD and 165 healthy comparison subjects (HC), excluding those with hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) > 6.5%. Tasks assessed emotion processing, theory of mind, and social perception. Functional connectivity within and between social cognitive networks was measured during a naturalistic social task. Among SSD, a significant inverse relationship was found between social cognition and cumulative metabolic burden (β = -0.38, p < 0.001) and HbA1c (β = -0.37, p < 0.001). The relationship between social cognition and HbA1c was robust across domains and measures of social cognition and after accounting for age, sex, race, non-social neurocognition, hospitalization, and treatment with different antipsychotic medications. Negative connectivity between affect sharing and motor resonance networks was a partial mediator of this relationship across SSD and HC groups (β = -0.05, p = 0.008). There was a group x HbA1c effect indicating that SSD participants were more adversely affected by increasing HbA1c. Thus, we provide the first report of a robust relationship in SSD between social cognition and abnormal glucose metabolism. If replicated and found to be causal, insulin sensitivity and blood glucose may present as promising targets for improving social cognition, functional outcomes, and quality of life in SSD.
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17
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Pines AR, Larsen B, Cui Z, Sydnor VJ, Bertolero MA, Adebimpe A, Alexander-Bloch AF, Davatzikos C, Fair DA, Gur RC, Gur RE, Li H, Milham MP, Moore TM, Murtha K, Parkes L, Thompson-Schill SL, Shanmugan S, Shinohara RT, Weinstein SM, Bassett DS, Fan Y, Satterthwaite TD. Dissociable multi-scale patterns of development in personalized brain networks. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2647. [PMID: 35551181 PMCID: PMC9098559 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30244-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The brain is organized into networks at multiple resolutions, or scales, yet studies of functional network development typically focus on a single scale. Here, we derive personalized functional networks across 29 scales in a large sample of youths (n = 693, ages 8-23 years) to identify multi-scale patterns of network re-organization related to neurocognitive development. We found that developmental shifts in inter-network coupling reflect and strengthen a functional hierarchy of cortical organization. Furthermore, we observed that scale-dependent effects were present in lower-order, unimodal networks, but not higher-order, transmodal networks. Finally, we found that network maturation had clear behavioral relevance: the development of coupling in unimodal and transmodal networks are dissociably related to the emergence of executive function. These results suggest that the development of functional brain networks align with and refine a hierarchy linked to cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam R Pines
- The Penn Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Neurodevelopment & Psychosis Section, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Bart Larsen
- The Penn Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Neurodevelopment & Psychosis Section, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Zaixu Cui
- The Penn Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Neurodevelopment & Psychosis Section, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.,Chinese Institute for Brain Research, 102206, Beijing, China
| | - Valerie J Sydnor
- The Penn Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Neurodevelopment & Psychosis Section, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Maxwell A Bertolero
- The Penn Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Neurodevelopment & Psychosis Section, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Azeez Adebimpe
- The Penn Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Neurodevelopment & Psychosis Section, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Aaron F Alexander-Bloch
- Department of Psychiatry, Neurodevelopment & Psychosis Section, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Christos Davatzikos
- Department of Radiology, the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Damien A Fair
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Education and Human Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Ruben C Gur
- Department of Psychiatry, Neurodevelopment & Psychosis Section, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.,Department of Radiology, the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.,Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Raquel E Gur
- Department of Psychiatry, Neurodevelopment & Psychosis Section, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Hongming Li
- Department of Radiology, the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Michael P Milham
- Center for Biomedical Imaging and Neuromodulation, Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, 10962, USA.,Center for the Developing Brain, Child Mind Institute, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Tyler M Moore
- Department of Psychiatry, Neurodevelopment & Psychosis Section, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Kristin Murtha
- The Penn Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Neurodevelopment & Psychosis Section, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Linden Parkes
- The Penn Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Neurodevelopment & Psychosis Section, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | | | - Sheila Shanmugan
- The Penn Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Neurodevelopment & Psychosis Section, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Russell T Shinohara
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Sarah M Weinstein
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Danielle S Bassett
- Department of Psychiatry, Neurodevelopment & Psychosis Section, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.,Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.,Department of Electrical & Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.,Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.,Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM, 87051, USA
| | - Yong Fan
- Department of Radiology, the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Theodore D Satterthwaite
- The Penn Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA. .,Department of Psychiatry, Neurodevelopment & Psychosis Section, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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18
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Neural alterations of emotion processing in atypical trajectories of psychotic-like experiences. NPJ SCHIZOPHRENIA 2022; 8:40. [PMID: 35853901 PMCID: PMC9261083 DOI: 10.1038/s41537-022-00250-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the neural bases of facial emotion processing before the onset of clinical psychotic symptoms in youth belonging to well-defined developmental trajectories of psychotic-like experiences (PLEs). A unique sample of 86 youths was recruited from a population-based sample of over 3800 adolescents who had been followed from 13 to 17 years of age. Three groups were identified based on validated developmental trajectories: a control trajectory with low and decreasing PLEs, and two atypical trajectories with moderate to elevated baseline PLEs that subsequently decreased or increased. All had functional magnetic resonance imaging data collected during a facial emotion processing task. Functional activation and connectivity data were analyzed for different contrasts. The increasing PLE trajectory displayed more positive psychotic symptoms while the decreasing trajectory exhibited more negative symptoms relative to the control group. During face processing, both atypical trajectories displayed decreased activations of the right inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), while the increasing trajectory displayed a negative signal in the precentral gyrus. The increasing PLE trajectory also displayed impaired connectivity between the amygdala, ventromedial prefrontal cortex, and cerebellum, and between the IFG, precuneus, and temporal regions, while the decreasing trajectory exhibited reduced connectivity between the amygdala and visual regions during emotion processing. Both atypical PLE trajectories displayed alterations in brain regions involved in attention salience. While the increasing trajectory with more positive symptoms exhibited dysconnectivity in areas that influence emotion salience and face perception, the decreasing trajectory with more negative symptoms had impairments in visual information integration areas. These group-specific features might account for the differential symptom expression.
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19
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Dunn EC, Mountain RV, Davis KA, Shaffer I, Smith ADAC, Roubinov DS, Den Besten P, Bidlack FB, Boyce WT. Association Between Measures Derived From Children's Primary Exfoliated Teeth and Psychopathology Symptoms: Results From a Community-Based Study. FRONTIERS IN DENTAL MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fdmed.2022.803364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mental disorders are among the most disabling health conditions globally. However, there remains a lack of valid, reliable, noninvasive, and inexpensive biomarkers to identify (at an early age) people who are at the greatest risk of experiencing a future mental health condition. Exfoliated primary teeth, when used in combination with established and emerging tools (e.g., family history, imaging, genetics, epigenetics), may provide important additional insights about vulnerability to mental illness. Teeth are especially promising because they develop in parallel with the brain and maintain a permanent record of environmental insults occurring during prenatal and perinatal development. Despite their potential, few empirical studies have investigated features of exfoliated teeth in relation to mental health. Here, we used micro-CT imaging to test the hypothesis that measures derived from exfoliated primary incisors associated with psychopathology symptoms in a community-based sample of children (n = 37). We found that enamel volume (β = −0.77, 95% CI, −1.35 to −0.18, P = 0.01) had large negative associations with internalizing symptoms, and enamel mineral density (β = 0.77, 95% CI, 0.18–1.35, P = 0.01) had large positive associations with internalizing behavioral symptoms, even after stringent control for multiple testing. Pulp volume (β = −0.50, 95% CI, −0.90 to −0.09, P = 0.02) had a moderately-large negative association with externalizing behavioral symptoms, though these associations did not survive multiple testing correction. These results support the ongoing investigation of teeth as potential novel biomarkers of mental health risk.
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20
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Hintze B, Rowicka M, Barczak A. Are Executive Functions Deficits in Early-Onset Chronic Schizophrenia More Severe than in Adult-Onset Chronic Schizophrenia? CLINICAL NEUROPSYCHIATRY 2022; 19:54-63. [PMID: 35360466 PMCID: PMC8951167 DOI: 10.36131/cnfioritieditore20220108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objective The research on the age of schizophrenia onset and cognitive impairments leads to contradictory conclusions. It is still unknown whether neurocognitive deficits in early-onset schizophrenia (EOS) are more intense than adulthood-onset schizophrenia (AOS). The study aimed to examine specific aspects of the executive functions of chronic outpatients with different ages of schizophrenia onset. Method Two clinical groups (EOS and AOS) consisted of 60 chronic outpatients with schizophrenia recruited from the community-based support system. The executive functions were measured with the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), Trail Making Test A&B (TMT A&B), verbal fluency task (VFT), and the N-back test. Obtained results were compared to control groups consisting of 40 healthy subjects, matched with age, sex, and years of education, respectively. Results There were no differences in various aspects of executive dysfunctions between EOS and AOS outpatients. The outpatients in general, had lower scores than healthy controls regardless of their age of symptom onset. The most important finding suggests that some cognitive domains (visual working memory and processing speed) in presented schizophrenia patients were similar to those in healthy controls. Despite the demographic differences, both clinical groups present the same level of executive functioning. In addition, similar to the healthy participants, the outpatients had no problems in working memory and processing speed. Conclusions These observations suggest that EOS might not be associated with more severe cognitive deterioration. Moreover, the stabilization or improvement of their functioning might be linked with long-term psycho-social rehabilitation and modern pharmacotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Hintze
- Institute of Psychology, The Maria Grzegorzewska University, Warsaw, Poland,Corresponding author Institute of Psychology, The Maria Grzegorzewska University, Szczesliwicka Street 40, 02-353 Warsaw, Poland E-mail:
| | - Magdalena Rowicka
- Institute of Psychology, The Maria Grzegorzewska University, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Barczak
- Rare Diseases Research Platform, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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21
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Wolf DH, Zheng D, Kohler C, Turetsky BI, Ruparel K, Satterthwaite TD, Elliott MA, March ME, Cross AJ, Smith MA, Zukin SR, Gur RC, Gur RE. Effect of mGluR2 positive allosteric modulation on frontostriatal working memory activation in schizophrenia. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:1226-1232. [PMID: 34667261 PMCID: PMC9018886 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-021-01320-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Negative symptoms and cognitive deficits contribute strongly to disability in schizophrenia, and are resistant to existing medications. Recent drug development has targeted enhanced NMDA function by increasing mGluR2/3 signaling. However, the clinical utility of such agents remains uncertain, and markers of brain circuit function are critical for clarifying mechanisms and understanding individual differences in efficacy. We conducted a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized cross-over (14 day washout) pilot study evaluating adjunctive use of the mGluR2 positive allosteric modulator AZD8529 (80 mg daily for 3 days), in chronic stable patients with schizophrenia (n = 26 analyzed). We focused on 3 T fMRI response in frontostriatal regions during an n-back working memory task, testing the hypothesis that AZD8529 produces fMRI changes that correlate with improvement in negative symptoms and cognition. We found that AZD8529 did not produce significant group-average effects on symptoms or cognitive accuracy. However, AZD8529 did increase n-back fMRI activation in striatum (p < 0.0001) and anterior cingulate/paracingulate (p = 0.002). Greater drug-versus-placebo effects on caudate activation significantly correlated with greater reductions in PANSS negative symptom scores (r = -0.42, p = 0.031), and exploratory correlations suggested broader effects across multiple symptom domains and regions of interest. These findings demonstrate that fMRI responses to mGluR2 positive modulation relate to individual differences in symptom reduction, and could be pursued for future biomarker development. Negative clinical results at the group level should not lead to premature termination of investigation of this mechanism, which may benefit an important subset of individuals with schizophrenia. Imaging biomarkers may reveal therapeutic mechanisms, and help guide treatment toward specific populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel H. Wolf
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA 19104
| | - David Zheng
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA 19104
| | - Christian Kohler
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA 19104
| | - Bruce I. Turetsky
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA 19104
| | - Kosha Ruparel
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA 19104
| | | | - Mark A. Elliott
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA 19104
| | - Mary E. March
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA 19104
| | - Alan J. Cross
- AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP, Wilmington DE, 19850.,Present affiliations: Psy Therapeutics, Thornton PA 19373
| | - Mark A. Smith
- AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP, Wilmington DE, 19850.,Vistagen Therapeutics, South San Francisco CA 94080;,Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912
| | - Stephen R. Zukin
- AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP, Wilmington DE, 19850.,PRA Health Sciences, Blue Bell PA 19422
| | - Ruben C. Gur
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA 19104.,Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA 19104
| | - Raquel E. Gur
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA 19104.,Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA 19104
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22
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Millman ZB, Schiffman J, Gold JM, Akouri-Shan L, Demro C, Fitzgerald J, Rakhshan Rouhakhtar PJ, Klaunig M, Rowland LM, Waltz JA. Linking Salience Signaling With Early Adversity and Affective Distress in Individuals at Clinical High Risk for Psychosis: Results From an Event-Related fMRI Study. SCHIZOPHRENIA BULLETIN OPEN 2022; 3:sgac039. [PMID: 35799887 PMCID: PMC9250803 DOI: 10.1093/schizbullopen/sgac039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Evidence suggests dysregulation of the salience network in individuals with psychosis, but few studies have examined the intersection of stress exposure and affective distress with prediction error (PE) signals among youth at clinical high-risk (CHR). Here, 26 individuals at CHR and 19 healthy volunteers (HVs) completed a monetary incentive delay task in conjunction with fMRI. We compared these groups on the amplitudes of neural responses to surprising outcomes—PEs without respect to their valence—across the whole brain and in two regions of interest, the anterior insula and amygdala. We then examined relations of these signals to the severity of depression, anxiety, and trauma histories in the CHR group. Relative to HV, youth at CHR presented with aberrant PE-evoked activation of the temporoparietal junction and weaker deactivation of the precentral gyrus, posterior insula, and associative striatum. No between-group differences were observed in the amygdala or anterior insula. Among youth at CHR, greater trauma histories were correlated with stronger PE-evoked amygdala activation. No associations were found between affective symptoms and the neural responses to PE. Our results suggest that unvalenced PE signals may provide unique information about the neurobiology of CHR syndromes and that early adversity exposure may contribute to neurobiological heterogeneity in this group. Longitudinal studies of young people with a range of risk syndromes are needed to further disentangle the contributions of distinct aspects of salience signaling to the development of psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary B Millman
- Psychotic Disorders Division, McLean Hospital , 115 Mill Street, Belmont, MA 02478 , USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School , 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA 02114 , USA
| | - Jason Schiffman
- Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine , 4201 Social and Behavioral Sciences Gateway, Irvine, CA 92697-7085 , USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland , Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250 , USA
| | - James M Gold
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine , 55 Wade Avenue, Catonsville, MD 21228 , USA
| | - LeeAnn Akouri-Shan
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland , Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250 , USA
| | - Caroline Demro
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, 75 East River Parkway , Minneapolis, MN 55455 , USA
| | - John Fitzgerald
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland , Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250 , USA
| | - Pamela J Rakhshan Rouhakhtar
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland , Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250 , USA
| | - Mallory Klaunig
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland , Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250 , USA
| | - Laura M Rowland
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine , 55 Wade Avenue, Catonsville, MD 21228 , USA
| | - James A Waltz
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine , 55 Wade Avenue, Catonsville, MD 21228 , USA
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23
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Davies C, Appiah-Kusi E, Wilson R, Blest-Hopley G, Bossong MG, Valmaggia L, Brammer M, Perez J, Allen P, Murray RM, McGuire P, Bhattacharyya S. Altered relationship between cortisol response to social stress and mediotemporal function during fear processing in people at clinical high risk for psychosis: a preliminary report. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2022; 272:461-475. [PMID: 34480630 PMCID: PMC8938358 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-021-01318-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Evidence suggests that people at Clinical High Risk for Psychosis (CHR) have a blunted cortisol response to stress and altered mediotemporal activation during fear processing, which may be neuroendocrine-neuronal signatures of maladaptive threat responses. However, whether these facets are associated with each other and how this relationship is affected by cannabidiol treatment is unknown. We examined the relationship between cortisol response to social stress and mediotemporal function during fear processing in healthy people and in CHR patients. In exploratory analyses, we investigated whether treatment with cannabidiol in CHR individuals could normalise any putative alterations in cortisol-mediotemporal coupling. 33 CHR patients were randomised to 600 mg cannabidiol or placebo treatment. Healthy controls (n = 19) did not receive any drug. Mediotemporal function was assessed using a fearful face-processing functional magnetic resonance imaging paradigm. Serum cortisol and anxiety were measured immediately following the Trier Social Stress Test. The relationship between cortisol and mediotemporal blood-oxygen-level-dependent haemodynamic response was investigated using linear regression. In healthy controls, there was a significant negative relationship between cortisol and parahippocampal activation (p = 0.023), such that the higher the cortisol levels induced by social stress, the lower the parahippocampal activation (greater deactivation) during fear processing. This relationship differed significantly between the control and placebo groups (p = 0.033), but not between the placebo and cannabidiol groups (p = 0.67). Our preliminary findings suggest that the parahippocampal response to fear processing may be associated with the neuroendocrine (cortisol) response to experimentally induced social stress, and that this relationship may be altered in patients at clinical high risk for psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cathy Davies
- grid.13097.3c0000 0001 2322 6764Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF UK
| | - Elizabeth Appiah-Kusi
- grid.13097.3c0000 0001 2322 6764Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF UK
| | - Robin Wilson
- grid.13097.3c0000 0001 2322 6764Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF UK
| | - Grace Blest-Hopley
- grid.13097.3c0000 0001 2322 6764Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF UK
| | - Matthijs G. Bossong
- grid.5477.10000000120346234Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Lucia Valmaggia
- grid.13097.3c0000 0001 2322 6764Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK ,grid.37640.360000 0000 9439 0839National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Michael Brammer
- grid.13097.3c0000 0001 2322 6764Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Jesus Perez
- grid.450563.10000 0004 0412 9303CAMEO Early Intervention Service, Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Paul Allen
- grid.13097.3c0000 0001 2322 6764Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF UK ,grid.35349.380000 0001 0468 7274Department of Psychology, University of Roehampton, London, UK ,grid.416167.30000 0004 0442 1996Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, USA
| | - Robin M. Murray
- grid.13097.3c0000 0001 2322 6764Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF UK
| | - Philip McGuire
- grid.13097.3c0000 0001 2322 6764Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF UK ,grid.37640.360000 0000 9439 0839National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK ,grid.37640.360000 0000 9439 0839Outreach and Support in South London (OASIS) Service, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Sagnik Bhattacharyya
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, UK.
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24
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Cornblath EJ, Mahadevan A, He X, Ruparel K, Lydon-Staley DM, Moore TM, Gur RC, Zackai EH, Emanuel B, McDonald-McGinn DM, Wolf DH, Satterthwaite TD, Roalf DR, Gur RE, Bassett DS. Altered functional brain dynamics in chromosome 22q11.2 deletion syndrome during facial affect processing. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:1158-1166. [PMID: 34686764 PMCID: PMC9023602 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-021-01302-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Chromosome 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS) is a multisystem disorder associated with multiple congenital anomalies, variable medical features, and neurodevelopmental differences resulting in diverse psychiatric phenotypes, including marked deficits in facial memory and social cognition. Neuroimaging in individuals with 22q11.2DS has revealed differences relative to matched controls in BOLD fMRI activation during facial affect processing tasks. However, time-varying interactions between brain areas during facial affect processing have not yet been studied with BOLD fMRI in 22q11.2DS. We applied constrained principal component analysis to identify temporally overlapping brain activation patterns from BOLD fMRI data acquired during an emotion identification task from 58 individuals with 22q11.2DS and 58 age-, race-, and sex-matched healthy controls. Delayed frontal-motor feedback signals were diminished in individuals with 22q11.2DS, as were delayed emotional memory signals engaging amygdala, hippocampus, and entorhinal cortex. Early task-related engagement of motor and visual cortices and salience-related insular activation were relatively preserved in 22q11.2DS. Insular activation was associated with task performance within the 22q11.2DS sample. Differences in cortical surface area, but not cortical thickness, showed spatial alignment with an activation pattern associated with face processing. These findings suggest that relative to matched controls, primary visual processing and insular function are relatively intact in individuals with 22q11.22DS, while motor feedback, face processing, and emotional memory processes are more affected. Such insights may help inform potential interventional targets and enhance the specificity of neuroimaging indices of cognitive dysfunction in 22q11.2DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eli J. Cornblath
- grid.25879.310000 0004 1936 8972Department of Neuroscience, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA USA ,grid.25879.310000 0004 1936 8972Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering & Applied Science, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Arun Mahadevan
- grid.25879.310000 0004 1936 8972Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering & Applied Science, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Xiaosong He
- grid.25879.310000 0004 1936 8972Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering & Applied Science, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Kosha Ruparel
- grid.25879.310000 0004 1936 8972Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - David M. Lydon-Staley
- grid.25879.310000 0004 1936 8972Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering & Applied Science, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Tyler M. Moore
- grid.25879.310000 0004 1936 8972Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Ruben C. Gur
- grid.25879.310000 0004 1936 8972Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA USA ,grid.25879.310000 0004 1936 8972Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA USA ,grid.25879.310000 0004 1936 8972Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Elaine H. Zackai
- grid.239552.a0000 0001 0680 877022q and You and Clinical Genetics Centers, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Beverly Emanuel
- grid.239552.a0000 0001 0680 8770Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Donna M. McDonald-McGinn
- grid.239552.a0000 0001 0680 877022q and You and Clinical Genetics Centers, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Daniel H. Wolf
- grid.25879.310000 0004 1936 8972Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Theodore D. Satterthwaite
- grid.25879.310000 0004 1936 8972Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - David R. Roalf
- grid.25879.310000 0004 1936 8972Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Raquel E. Gur
- grid.25879.310000 0004 1936 8972Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA USA ,grid.25879.310000 0004 1936 8972Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA USA ,grid.25879.310000 0004 1936 8972Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Dani S. Bassett
- grid.25879.310000 0004 1936 8972Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering & Applied Science, Philadelphia, PA USA ,grid.25879.310000 0004 1936 8972Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA USA ,grid.25879.310000 0004 1936 8972Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA USA ,Department of Physics & Astronomy, College of Arts & Sciences, Philadelphia, PA USA ,grid.25879.310000 0004 1936 8972Department of Electrical & Systems Engineering, School of Engineering & Applied Science, Philadelphia, PA USA ,grid.209665.e0000 0001 1941 1940Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM USA ,grid.25879.310000 0004 1936 8972Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, & Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA USA
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25
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Schultze-Lutter F, Kindler J, Ambarini TK, Michel C. Positive psychotic symptoms in childhood and adolescence. Curr Opin Psychol 2021; 45:101287. [PMID: 35016089 DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2021.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Based on the assumption of a universal neurodevelopmental model of psychosis, especially of the schizophrenia spectrum, the diagnosis (and treatment) of psychosis in minors commonly follows those in adults. Yet, as our review demonstrates, recent years have seen an emergence of studies of minors indicating that developmental aspects may play a crucial role in the prevalence and appraisal of diagnostically relevant positive psychotic symptoms in their full-blown and subthreshold forms, including neurobiogenetic and other risk factors, such as migration. Thus, caution is advised to not overpathologize potentially transient and clinically irrelevant occurrence of (subthreshold) positive psychotic symptoms in the diagnosis and treatment of psychotic disorders and their clinical high-risk states in minors. More studies on developmental aspects are urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frauke Schultze-Lutter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Bergische Landstraße 2, 40470 Düsseldorf, Germany; University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bolligenstr, 111, 3000 Bern 60, Switzerland; Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Airlangga University, Airlangga 4-6, Surabaya 60286, Indonesia.
| | - Jochen Kindler
- University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bolligenstr, 111, 3000 Bern 60, Switzerland
| | - Tri Kurniati Ambarini
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Airlangga University, Airlangga 4-6, Surabaya 60286, Indonesia
| | - Chantal Michel
- University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bolligenstr, 111, 3000 Bern 60, Switzerland
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26
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Gur RC. Development of brain behavior integration systems related to criminal culpability from childhood to young adulthood: Does it stop at 18 years? JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC NEUROPSYCHOLOGY 2021; 7:55-65. [PMID: 34532217 DOI: 10.1007/s40817-021-00101-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The rate at which the brain develops from conception to adulthood, and how that maturational process relates to brain's product, behavior, has been a major topic for the neurosciences with implications to legal practice, most dramatically in the case of the death penalty. Based partly on neuroscience evidence for protracted maturation of executive brain systems, the US Supreme Court ruled in 2005 that capital punishment is unconstitutional for crimes committed while under the age of 18. Much more data have since been acquired on multiple indices of brain development and behavior, and a question now facing the courts is whether the cutoff age of 18 has a scientific basis or, from the developmental neuroscience evidence, it is arbitrary and in need for re-evaluation. Here I present methods used by neuroscientists to measure parameters of brain development related to complex behavior, and summarize the major findings to date. Since 2005, there have been several large-scale studies revealing multimodal brain parameters related to major domains of behavior. These studies converge to show protracted development of brain tissue and its connectivity, as well as physiologic parameters of resting-state and task-related activity, which underlie the ability of the brain to process and integrate information. The developmental course of these differences does not reach its apex at 18, indeed it continues into the early 20s. I conclude that this 18 and older population, probably up to around age 23, is therefore just as vulnerable to the effects on behavior (especially behavioral control) of the lack of maturation of these brain structures and functions as are 17-year-olds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruben C Gur
- Brain Behavior Laboratory and the Penn-CHOP Lifespan Brain Institute, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 5th Floor Richards Bldg. Pod B, 3700 Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States 19104
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27
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Sheffield JM, Huang AS, Rogers BP, Blackford JU, Heckers S, Woodward ND. Insula sub-regions across the psychosis spectrum: morphology and clinical correlates. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:346. [PMID: 34088895 PMCID: PMC8178380 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01461-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The insula is a heterogeneous cortical region, comprised of three cytoarchitecturally distinct sub-regions (agranular, dysgranular, and granular), which traverse the anterior-posterior axis and are differentially involved in affective, cognitive, and somatosensory processing. Smaller insula volume is consistently reported in psychosis-spectrum disorders and is hypothesized to result, in part, from abnormal neurodevelopment. To better understand the regional and diagnostic specificity of insula abnormalities in psychosis, their developmental etiology, and clinical correlates, we characterized insula volume and morphology in a large group of adults with a psychotic disorder (schizophrenia spectrum, psychotic bipolar disorder) and a community-ascertained cohort of psychosis-spectrum youth (age 8-21). Insula volume and morphology (cortical thickness, gyrification, sulcal depth) were quantified from T1-weighted structural brain images using the Computational Anatomy Toolbox (CAT12). Healthy adults (n = 196), people with a psychotic disorder (n = 303), and 1368 individuals from the Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort (PNC) (381 typically developing (TD), 381 psychosis-spectrum (PS) youth, 606 youth with other psychopathology (OP)), were investigated. Insula volume was significantly reduced in adults with psychotic disorders and psychosis-spectrum youth, following an anterior-posterior gradient across granular sub-regions. Morphological abnormalities were limited to lower gyrification in psychotic disorders, which was specific to schizophrenia and associated with cognitive ability. Insula volume and thickness were associated with cognition, and positive and negative symptoms of psychosis. We conclude that smaller insula volume follows an anterior-posterior gradient in psychosis and confers a broad risk for psychosis-spectrum disorders. Reduced gyrification is specific to schizophrenia and may reflect altered prenatal development that contributes to cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia M Sheffield
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
| | - Anna S Huang
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Baxter P Rogers
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Stephan Heckers
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Neil D Woodward
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
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28
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Michelini G, Palumbo IM, DeYoung CG, Latzman RD, Kotov R. Linking RDoC and HiTOP: A new interface for advancing psychiatric nosology and neuroscience. Clin Psychol Rev 2021; 86:102025. [PMID: 33798996 PMCID: PMC8165014 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2021.102025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) and the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP) represent major dimensional frameworks proposing two alternative approaches to accelerate progress in the way psychopathology is studied, classified, and treated. RDoC is a research framework rooted in neuroscience aiming to further the understanding of transdiagnostic biobehavioral systems underlying psychopathology and ultimately inform future classifications. HiTOP is a dimensional classification system, derived from the observed covariation among symptoms of psychopathology and maladaptive traits, which seeks to provide more informative research and treatment targets (i.e., dimensional constructs and clinical assessments) than traditional diagnostic categories. This article argues that the complementary strengths of RDoC and HiTOP can be leveraged in order to achieve their respective goals. RDoC's biobehavioral framework may help elucidate the underpinnings of the clinical dimensions included in HiTOP, whereas HiTOP may provide psychometrically robust clinical targets for RDoC-informed research. We present a comprehensive mapping between dimensions included in RDoC (constructs and subconstructs) and HiTOP (spectra and subfactors) based on narrative review of the empirical literature. The resulting RDoC-HiTOP interface sheds light on the biobehavioral correlates of clinical dimensions and provides a broad set of dimensional clinical targets for etiological and neuroscientific research. We conclude with future directions and practical recommendations for using this interface to advance clinical neuroscience and psychiatric nosology. Ultimately, we envision that this RDoC-HiTOP interface has the potential to inform the development of a unified, dimensional, and biobehaviorally-grounded psychiatric nosology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Michelini
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience & Human Behavior, Department of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024, United States of America.
| | - Isabella M Palumbo
- Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, United States of America
| | - Colin G DeYoung
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States of America
| | - Robert D Latzman
- Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, United States of America
| | - Roman Kotov
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Health, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11790, United States of America
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29
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Adamczyk P, Jáni M, Ligeza TS, Płonka O, Błądziński P, Wyczesany M. On the Role of Bilateral Brain Hypofunction and Abnormal Lateralization of Cortical Information Flow as Neural Underpinnings of Conventional Metaphor Processing Impairment in Schizophrenia: An fMRI and EEG Study. Brain Topogr 2021; 34:537-554. [PMID: 33973137 PMCID: PMC8195899 DOI: 10.1007/s10548-021-00849-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Figurative language processing (e.g. metaphors) is commonly impaired in schizophrenia. In the present study, we investigated the neural activity and propagation of information within neural circuits related to the figurative speech, as a neural substrate of impaired conventional metaphor processing in schizophrenia. The study included 30 schizophrenia outpatients and 30 healthy controls, all of whom were assessed with a functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) and electroencephalography (EEG) punchline-based metaphor comprehension task including literal (neutral), figurative (metaphorical) and nonsense (absurd) endings. The blood oxygenation level-dependent signal was recorded with 3T MRI scanner and direction and strength of cortical information flow in the time course of task processing was estimated with a 64-channel EEG input for directed transfer function. The presented results revealed that the behavioral manifestation of impaired figurative language in schizophrenia is related to the hypofunction in the bilateral fronto-temporo-parietal brain regions (fMRI) and various differences in effective connectivity in the fronto-temporo-parietal circuit (EEG). Schizophrenia outpatients showed an abnormal pattern of connectivity during metaphor processing which was related to bilateral (but more pronounced at the left hemisphere) hypoactivation of the brain. Moreover, we found reversed lateralization patterns, i.e. a rightward-shifted pattern during metaphor processing in schizophrenia compared to the control group. In conclusion, the presented findings revealed that the impairment of the conventional metaphor processing in schizophrenia is related to the bilateral brain hypofunction, which supports the evidence on reversed lateralization of the language neural network and the existence of compensatory recruitment of alternative neural circuits in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Przemysław Adamczyk
- Institute of Psychology, Jagiellonian University, Ingardena 6, 30-060, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Martin Jáni
- Institute of Psychology, Jagiellonian University, Ingardena 6, 30-060, Kraków, Poland.,Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University and University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tomasz S Ligeza
- Institute of Psychology, Jagiellonian University, Ingardena 6, 30-060, Kraków, Poland
| | - Olga Płonka
- Institute of Psychology, Jagiellonian University, Ingardena 6, 30-060, Kraków, Poland
| | - Piotr Błądziński
- Community Psychiatry and Psychosis Research Center, Chair of Psychiatry, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Miroslaw Wyczesany
- Institute of Psychology, Jagiellonian University, Ingardena 6, 30-060, Kraków, Poland
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30
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Baller EB, Kaczkurkin AN, Sotiras A, Adebimpe A, Bassett DS, Calkins ME, Chand GB, Cui Z, Gur RE, Gur RC, Linn KA, Moore TM, Roalf DR, Varol E, Wolf DH, Xia CH, Davatzikos C, Satterthwaite TD. Neurocognitive and functional heterogeneity in depressed youth. Neuropsychopharmacology 2021; 46:783-790. [PMID: 33007777 PMCID: PMC8027806 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-020-00871-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Depression is a common psychiatric illness that often begins in youth, and is sometimes associated with cognitive deficits. However, there is significant variability in cognitive dysfunction, likely reflecting biological heterogeneity. We sought to identify neurocognitive subtypes and their neurofunctional signatures in a large cross-sectional sample of depressed youth. Participants were drawn from the Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort, including 712 youth with a lifetime history of a major depressive episode and 712 typically developing (TD) youth matched on age and sex. A subset (MDD n = 368, TD n = 200) also completed neuroimaging. Cognition was assessed with the Penn Computerized Neurocognitive Battery. A recently developed semi-supervised machine learning algorithm was used to delineate neurocognitive subtypes. Subtypes were evaluated for differences in both clinical psychopathology and brain activation during an n-back working memory fMRI task. We identified three neurocognitive subtypes in the depressed group. Subtype 1 was high-performing (high accuracy, moderate speed), Subtype 2 was cognitively impaired (low accuracy, slow speed), and Subtype 3 was impulsive (low accuracy, fast speed). While subtypes did not differ in clinical psychopathology, they diverged in their activation profiles in regions critical for executive function, which mirrored differences in cognition. Taken together, these data suggest disparate mechanisms of cognitive vulnerability and resilience in depressed youth, which may inform the identification of biomarkers for prognosis and treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica B Baller
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Antonia N Kaczkurkin
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
| | - Aristeidis Sotiras
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Radiology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
- Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Azeez Adebimpe
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Danielle S Bassett
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Penn Center for Neuroimaging and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Epidemiology, and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM, 87501, USA
| | - Monica E Calkins
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Lifespan Brain Institute, Penn Medicine and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Ganesh B Chand
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Zaixu Cui
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Raquel E Gur
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Lifespan Brain Institute, Penn Medicine and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Ruben C Gur
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Lifespan Brain Institute, Penn Medicine and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Kristin A Linn
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Tyler M Moore
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Lifespan Brain Institute, Penn Medicine and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - David R Roalf
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Lifespan Brain Institute, Penn Medicine and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Erdem Varol
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Daniel H Wolf
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Lifespan Brain Institute, Penn Medicine and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Cedric H Xia
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Christos Davatzikos
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Theodore D Satterthwaite
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
- Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
- Lifespan Brain Institute, Penn Medicine and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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Altered temporal, but intact spatial, features of transient network dynamics in psychosis. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:2493-2503. [PMID: 33462330 PMCID: PMC8286268 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-020-00983-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Contemporary models of psychosis suggest that a continuum of severity of psychotic symptoms exists, with subthreshold psychotic experiences (PEs) potentially reflecting some genetic and environmental risk factors shared with clinical psychosis. Thus, identifying abnormalities in brain activity that manifest across this continuum can shed new light on the pathophysiology of psychosis. Here, we investigated the moment-to-moment engagement of brain networks ("states") in individuals with schizophrenia (SCZ) and PEs and identified features of these states that are associated with psychosis-spectrum symptoms. Transient brain states were defined by clustering "single snapshots" of blood oxygen level-dependent images, based on spatial similarity of the images. We found that individuals with SCZ (n = 35) demonstrated reduced recruitment of three brain states compared to demographically matched healthy controls (n = 35). Of these three illness-related states, one specific state, involving primarily the visual and salience networks, also occurred at a lower rate in individuals with persistent PEs (n = 22), compared to demographically matched healthy youth (n = 22). Moreover, the occurrence rate of this marker brain state was negatively correlated with the severity of PEs (r = -0.26, p = 0.003, n = 130). In contrast, the spatial map of this state appeared to be unaffected in the SCZ or PE groups. Thus, reduced engagement of a brain state involving the visual and salience networks was demonstrated across the psychosis continuum, suggesting that early disruptions of perceptual and affective function may underlie some of the core symptoms of the illness.
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Davies C, Wilson R, Appiah-Kusi E, Blest-Hopley G, Brammer M, Perez J, Murray RM, Allen P, Bossong MG, McGuire P, Bhattacharyya S. A single dose of cannabidiol modulates medial temporal and striatal function during fear processing in people at clinical high risk for psychosis. Transl Psychiatry 2020; 10:311. [PMID: 32921794 PMCID: PMC7487274 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-020-0862-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Emotional dysregulation and anxiety are common in people at clinical high risk for psychosis (CHR) and are associated with altered neural responses to emotional stimuli in the striatum and medial temporal lobe. Using a randomised, double-blind, parallel-group design, 33 CHR patients were randomised to a single oral dose of CBD (600 mg) or placebo. Healthy controls (n = 19) were studied under identical conditions but did not receive any drug. Participants were scanned with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during a fearful face-processing paradigm. Activation related to the CHR state and to the effects of CBD was examined using a region-of-interest approach. During fear processing, CHR participants receiving placebo (n = 15) showed greater activation than controls (n = 19) in the parahippocampal gyrus but less activation in the striatum. Within these regions, activation in the CHR group that received CBD (n = 15) was intermediate between that of the CHR placebo and control groups. These findings suggest that in CHR patients, CBD modulates brain function in regions implicated in psychosis risk and emotion processing. These findings are similar to those previously evident using a memory paradigm, suggesting that the effects of CBD on medial temporal and striatal function may be task independent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cathy Davies
- grid.13097.3c0000 0001 2322 6764Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Robin Wilson
- grid.13097.3c0000 0001 2322 6764Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Elizabeth Appiah-Kusi
- grid.13097.3c0000 0001 2322 6764Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Grace Blest-Hopley
- grid.13097.3c0000 0001 2322 6764Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Michael Brammer
- grid.13097.3c0000 0001 2322 6764Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Jesus Perez
- grid.450563.10000 0004 0412 9303CAMEO Early Intervention Service, Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Robin M. Murray
- grid.13097.3c0000 0001 2322 6764Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Paul Allen
- grid.13097.3c0000 0001 2322 6764Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK ,grid.35349.380000 0001 0468 7274Department of Psychology, University of Roehampton, London, UK ,grid.416167.3Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY USA
| | - Matthijs G. Bossong
- grid.5477.10000000120346234Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Philip McGuire
- grid.13097.3c0000 0001 2322 6764Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK ,grid.37640.360000 0000 9439 0839National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK ,grid.37640.360000 0000 9439 0839Outreach And Support in South London (OASIS) Service, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Sagnik Bhattacharyya
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
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Taylor JH, Calkins ME, Gur RE. Markers of Psychosis Risk in the General Population. Biol Psychiatry 2020; 88:337-348. [PMID: 32220500 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2020.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The categorical approach to defining schizophrenia spectrum disorders requires meeting established criteria. To advance early identification and intervention in young people, the field has progressed to studying help-seeking individuals who are at clinical high risk based on subthreshold psychosis spectrum symptoms, and criteria have been articulated for qualifying individuals as at risk. A broader dimensional examination of psychosis has been applied to population-based studies on non-help seekers. This review highlights the ascertainment and assessment approaches to such population-based studies. Most studies are cross-sectional and rely on questionnaires with limited overlap of tools. However, several consistent findings emerge on symptoms, neurocognitive deficits, and neuroimaging parameters and other biomarkers associated with emergence and persistence of psychotic features. The findings are consistent with the literature on abnormalities associated with schizophrenia, including the presence of neurocognitive deficits; abnormalities in brain structure, function, and connectivity that are related to distress; impairment; and functional outcome. These findings support the validity of studying psychosis experiences during development in a way that can chart the emergence of psychosis in the context of general psychopathology. Such studies are necessary for establishing developmental trajectories that characterize this emergence and for identifying risk and resilience biomarkers moderating or modulating the full range of schizophrenia-related manifestations. More community-based studies are needed, with better standardization and harmonization of measures and incorporating longitudinal follow-up, to establish mechanistic links between cellular-molecular aberrations and specific manifestations of psychosis as envisioned by the precision medicine agenda.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerome H Taylor
- Lifespan Brain Institute, Penn Medicine and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, and Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Monica E Calkins
- Lifespan Brain Institute, Penn Medicine and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, and Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Raquel E Gur
- Lifespan Brain Institute, Penn Medicine and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, and Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
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Mennigen E, Bearden CE. Psychosis Risk and Development: What Do We Know From Population-Based Studies? Biol Psychiatry 2020; 88:315-325. [PMID: 32061373 PMCID: PMC7305046 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2019.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Recent years have seen an advent in population-based studies in children, adolescents, and adults that examine the prevalence, etiology, and developmental trajectories of diverse subclinical psychopathological symptoms that pose a risk for the later development of severe mental illnesses. It is increasingly recognized that most categorically defined psychiatric disorders occur on a spectrum or continuum, show high heterogeneity and symptom overlap, and share genetic and environmental risk factors. We discuss neurodevelopmental underpinnings of psychosis spectrum symptoms and review brain morphometric and functional alterations as well as genetic liability for psychosis in individuals experiencing psychotic symptoms (PSs) in the general population. With regard to brain structure and function, findings of qualitatively similar alterations in individuals experiencing subthreshold PSs and individuals with overt psychotic disorders support the notion of a psychosis continuum. However, genetic and epidemiological studies have emphasized the overlap of PSs and other psychiatric illnesses. In particular, PSs during adolescence appear to be a nonspecific precursor of different psychopathological outcomes. Given the evidence presented in this review, we argue that findings from population-based studies are appropriate to guide policy-making to further emphasize public health efforts. Broadly accessible mental health programs are promising to make a difference in the field of adolescent mental health. However, the specific efficacy of these programs warrants further study, and caution is advised to not overpathologize potentially transient occurrence of mental health problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Mennigen
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Carrie E Bearden
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.
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Dugré JR, Dumais A, Potvin S. Limbic Hyperactivity in Response to Emotionally Neutral Stimuli in Schizophrenia: Response to Rasetti et al. Am J Psychiatry 2020; 177:640-641. [PMID: 32605444 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2020.19090973r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jules R Dugré
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Montreal (all authors); Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal (all authors); Institut Philippe-Pinel de Montréal, Montreal (Dumais)
| | - Alexandre Dumais
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Montreal (all authors); Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal (all authors); Institut Philippe-Pinel de Montréal, Montreal (Dumais)
| | - Stéphane Potvin
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Montreal (all authors); Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal (all authors); Institut Philippe-Pinel de Montréal, Montreal (Dumais)
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Calvo A, Roddy DW, Coughlan H, Kelleher I, Healy C, Harley M, Clarke M, Leemans A, Frodl T, O’Hanlon E, Cannon M. Reduced hippocampal volume in adolescents with psychotic experiences: A longitudinal population-based study. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0233670. [PMID: 32492020 PMCID: PMC7269246 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Smaller hippocampal volumes are among the most consistently reported neuroimaging findings in schizophrenia. However, little is known about hippocampal volumes in people who report psychotic experiences. This study investigated differences in hippocampal volume between young people without formal diagnoses who report psychotic experiences (PEs) and those who do not report such experiences. This study also investigated if any differences persisted over two years. Methods A nested case-control study of 25 adolescents (mean age 13.5 years) with reported PEs and 25 matched controls (mean age 13.36 years) without PEs were drawn from a sample of 100 local schoolchildren. High-resolution T1-weighted anatomical imaging and subsequent automated cortical segmentation (Freesurfer 6.0) was undertaken to determine total hippocampal volumes. Comprehensive semi-structured clinical interviews were also performed including information on PEs, mental diagnoses and early life stress (bullying). Participants were invited for a second scan at two years. Results 19 adolescents with PEs and 19 controls completed both scans. Hippocampal volumes were bilaterally lower in the PE group compared to the controls with moderate effects sizes both at baseline [left hippocampus p = 0.024 d = 0.736, right hippocampus p = 0.018, d = 0.738] and at 2 year follow up [left hippocampus p = 0.027 d = 0.702, right = 0.048 d = 0.659] throughout. These differences survived adjustment for co-morbid mental disorders and early life stress. Conclusions Psychotic experiences are associated with total hippocampal volume loss in young people and this volume loss appears to be independent of possible confounders such as co-morbid disorders and early life stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Calvo
- Dept. of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Internacional de la Rioja (UNIR), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, IiSGM, CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail: (AC); (MC)
| | - Darren W. Roddy
- Dept. of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Helen Coughlan
- Dept. of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ian Kelleher
- Dept. of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Colm Healy
- Dept. of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Michelle Harley
- Dept. of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mary Clarke
- Dept. of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Alexander Leemans
- Image Sciences Institute University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Thomas Frodl
- Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Department and Hospital of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Otto von Guericke University Mageburg, Mageburg, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Site Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Erik O’Hanlon
- Dept. of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mary Cannon
- Dept. of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- * E-mail: (AC); (MC)
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38
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Kotov R, Jonas KG, Carpenter WT, Dretsch MN, Eaton NR, Forbes MK, Forbush KT, Hobbs K, Reininghaus U, Slade T, South SC, Sunderland M, Waszczuk MA, Widiger TA, Wright A, Zald DH, Krueger RF, Watson D. Validity and utility of Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP): I. Psychosis superspectrum. World Psychiatry 2020; 19:151-172. [PMID: 32394571 PMCID: PMC7214958 DOI: 10.1002/wps.20730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP) is a scientific effort to address shortcomings of traditional mental disorder diagnoses, which suffer from arbitrary boundaries between psychopathology and normality, frequent disorder co-occurrence, heterogeneity within disorders, and diagnostic instability. This paper synthesizes evidence on the validity and utility of the thought disorder and detachment spectra of HiTOP. These spectra are composed of symptoms and maladaptive traits currently subsumed within schizophrenia, other psychotic disorders, and schizotypal, paranoid and schizoid personality disorders. Thought disorder ranges from normal reality testing, to maladaptive trait psychoticism, to hallucinations and delusions. Detachment ranges from introversion, to maladaptive detachment, to blunted affect and avolition. Extensive evidence supports the validity of thought disorder and detachment spectra, as each spectrum reflects common genetics, environmental risk factors, childhood antecedents, cognitive abnormalities, neural alterations, biomarkers, and treatment response. Some of these characteristics are specific to one spectrum and others are shared, suggesting the existence of an overarching psychosis superspectrum. Further research is needed to extend this model, such as clarifying whether mania and dissociation belong to thought disorder, and explicating processes that drive development of the spectra and their subdimensions. Compared to traditional diagnoses, the thought disorder and detachment spectra demonstrated substantially improved utility: greater reliability, larger explanatory and predictive power, and higher acceptability to clinicians. Validated measures are available to implement the system in practice. The more informative, reliable and valid characterization of psychosis-related psychopathology offered by HiTOP can make diagnosis more useful for research and clinical care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Kotov
- Department of PsychiatryStony Brook UniversityStony BrookNYUSA
| | | | | | - Michael N. Dretsch
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, US Army Medical Research Directorate ‐ WestSilver SpringMDUSA
| | | | | | | | - Kelsey Hobbs
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMNUSA
| | - Ulrich Reininghaus
- Department of Public Mental Health, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty MannheimUniversity of HeidelbergGermany,ESRC Centre for Society and Mental HealthKing's College LondonLondonUK,Centre for Epidemiology and Public HealthInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Tim Slade
- Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance AbuseUniversity of SydneySydneyNSWAustralia
| | - Susan C. South
- Department of Psychological SciencesPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteINUSA
| | - Matthew Sunderland
- Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance AbuseUniversity of SydneySydneyNSWAustralia
| | | | | | | | - David H. Zald
- Department of PsychologyVanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTNUSA
| | | | - David Watson
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of Notre DameSouth BendINUSA
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O'Brien KJ, Barch DM, Kandala S, Karcher NR. Examining Specificity of Neural Correlates of Childhood Psychotic-like Experiences During an Emotional n-Back Task. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY: COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2020; 5:580-590. [PMID: 32354687 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2020.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) during childhood are associated with greater risk of developing a psychotic disorder in adulthood, highlighting the importance of identifying neural correlates of childhood PLEs. Furthermore, impairment of cognitive functions, such as working memory and emotion regulation, has also been linked to psychosis risk as well as to disruptions in several brain regions. However, impairments in these domains have also been linked to other disorders, including depression. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to examine whether neural impairments in regions associated with working memory and implicit emotion regulation impairments are specific to PLEs versus depression. METHODS The current study used an emotional n-back task to examine the relationship between childhood PLEs and neural activation of regions involved in both working memory and implicit emotion regulation using data from 8805 9- to 11-year-olds in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study 2.0 release. To examine specificity, we also analyzed associations with depressive symptoms. RESULTS Our results indicated that increased PLEs during middle childhood were associated with decreased activation of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, striatum, and pallidum during trials requiring working memory. In contrast, increased activation of the parahippocampus, caudate, nucleus accumbens, and rostral anterior cingulate during face-viewing trials was associated with increased depressive symptoms. CONCLUSIONS These results support the dimensional view of psychosis across the lifespan, providing evidence that neural correlates of PLEs, such as decreased activation during working memory, are present during middle childhood. Furthermore, these correlates are specific to psychotic-like symptoms as compared with depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen J O'Brien
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri.
| | - Deanna M Barch
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri; Department of Psychology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Sridhar Kandala
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Nicole R Karcher
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
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40
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Cui Z, Li H, Xia CH, Larsen B, Adebimpe A, Baum GL, Cieslak M, Gur RE, Gur RC, Moore TM, Oathes DJ, Alexander-Bloch AF, Raznahan A, Roalf DR, Shinohara RT, Wolf DH, Davatzikos C, Bassett DS, Fair DA, Fan Y, Satterthwaite TD. Individual Variation in Functional Topography of Association Networks in Youth. Neuron 2020; 106:340-353.e8. [PMID: 32078800 PMCID: PMC7182484 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2020.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The spatial distribution of large-scale functional networks on the cerebral cortex differs between individuals and is particularly variable in association networks that are responsible for higher-order cognition. However, it remains unknown how this functional topography evolves in development and supports cognition. Capitalizing on advances in machine learning and a large sample imaged with 27 min of high-quality functional MRI (fMRI) data (n = 693, ages 8-23 years), we delineate how functional topography evolves during youth. We found that the functional topography of association networks is refined with age, allowing accurate prediction of unseen individuals' brain maturity. The cortical representation of association networks predicts individual differences in executive function. Finally, variability of functional topography is associated with fundamental properties of brain organization, including evolutionary expansion, cortical myelination, and cerebral blood flow. Our results emphasize the importance of considering the plasticity and diversity of functional neuroanatomy during development and suggest advances in personalized therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaixu Cui
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Penn/CHOP Lifespan Brain Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Hongming Li
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Center for Biomedical Image Computation and Analytics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Cedric H Xia
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Penn/CHOP Lifespan Brain Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Bart Larsen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Penn/CHOP Lifespan Brain Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Azeez Adebimpe
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Penn/CHOP Lifespan Brain Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Graham L Baum
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Penn/CHOP Lifespan Brain Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Matt Cieslak
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Penn/CHOP Lifespan Brain Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Raquel E Gur
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Penn/CHOP Lifespan Brain Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Center for Biomedical Image Computation and Analytics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ruben C Gur
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Penn/CHOP Lifespan Brain Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Center for Biomedical Image Computation and Analytics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Tyler M Moore
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Penn/CHOP Lifespan Brain Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Desmond J Oathes
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Center for Neuromodulation in Depression and Stress, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Aaron F Alexander-Bloch
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Armin Raznahan
- Developmental Neurogenomics Unit, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - David R Roalf
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Penn/CHOP Lifespan Brain Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Russell T Shinohara
- Center for Biomedical Image Computation and Analytics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Penn Statistics in Imaging and Visualization Center, Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Daniel H Wolf
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Penn/CHOP Lifespan Brain Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Center for Biomedical Image Computation and Analytics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Christos Davatzikos
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Center for Biomedical Image Computation and Analytics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Departments of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Danielle S Bassett
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Departments of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM 87501, USA
| | - Damien A Fair
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Advanced Imaging Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Yong Fan
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Center for Biomedical Image Computation and Analytics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Theodore D Satterthwaite
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Penn/CHOP Lifespan Brain Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Center for Biomedical Image Computation and Analytics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Penn Statistics in Imaging and Visualization Center, Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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Cui Z, Stiso J, Baum GL, Kim JZ, Roalf DR, Betzel RF, Gu S, Lu Z, Xia CH, He X, Ciric R, Oathes DJ, Moore TM, Shinohara RT, Ruparel K, Davatzikos C, Pasqualetti F, Gur RE, Gur RC, Bassett DS, Satterthwaite TD. Optimization of energy state transition trajectory supports the development of executive function during youth. eLife 2020; 9:e53060. [PMID: 32216874 PMCID: PMC7162657 DOI: 10.7554/elife.53060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Executive function develops during adolescence, yet it remains unknown how structural brain networks mature to facilitate activation of the fronto-parietal system, which is critical for executive function. In a sample of 946 human youths (ages 8-23y) who completed diffusion imaging, we capitalized upon recent advances in linear dynamical network control theory to calculate the energetic cost necessary to activate the fronto-parietal system through the control of multiple brain regions given existing structural network topology. We found that the energy required to activate the fronto-parietal system declined with development, and the pattern of regional energetic cost predicts unseen individuals' brain maturity. Finally, energetic requirements of the cingulate cortex were negatively correlated with executive performance, and partially mediated the development of executive performance with age. Our results reveal a mechanism by which structural networks develop during adolescence to reduce the theoretical energetic costs of transitions to activation states necessary for executive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaixu Cui
- Departments of Psychiatry, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Jennifer Stiso
- Departments of Bioengineering, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Graham L Baum
- Departments of Psychiatry, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Jason Z Kim
- Departments of Bioengineering, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - David R Roalf
- Departments of Psychiatry, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Richard F Betzel
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana UniversityBloomingtonUnited States
| | - Shi Gu
- Department of Computer Science, University of Electronic Science and TechnologyChengduChina
| | - Zhixin Lu
- Departments of Bioengineering, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Cedric H Xia
- Departments of Psychiatry, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Xiaosong He
- Departments of Bioengineering, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Rastko Ciric
- Departments of Psychiatry, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Desmond J Oathes
- Departments of Psychiatry, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Tyler M Moore
- Departments of Psychiatry, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Russell T Shinohara
- Departments of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Kosha Ruparel
- Departments of Psychiatry, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Christos Davatzikos
- Departments of Bioengineering, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
- Departments of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Fabio Pasqualetti
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of CaliforniaRiversideUnited States
| | - Raquel E Gur
- Departments of Psychiatry, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Ruben C Gur
- Departments of Psychiatry, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Danielle S Bassett
- Departments of Bioengineering, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
- Departments of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
- Departments of Physics and Astronomy and Neurology, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
- Departments of Neurology, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
- Santa Fe InstituteSanta FeUnited States
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42
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Jalbrzikowski M, Liu F, Foran W, Roeder K, Devlin B, Luna B. Resting-State Functional Network Organization Is Stable Across Adolescent Development for Typical and Psychosis Spectrum Youth. Schizophr Bull 2020; 46:395-407. [PMID: 31424081 PMCID: PMC7442350 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbz053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Resting-state functional neuroimaging captures large-scale network organization; whether this organization is intact or disrupted during adolescent development across the psychosis spectrum is unresolved. We investigated the integrity of network organization in psychosis spectrum youth and those with first episode psychosis (FEP) from late childhood through adulthood. METHODS We analyzed data from Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort (PNC; typically developing = 450, psychosis spectrum = 273, 8-22 years), a longitudinal cohort of typically developing youth (LUNA; N = 208, 1-3 visits, 10-25 years), and a sample of FEP (N = 39) and matched controls (N = 34). We extracted individual time series and calculated correlations from brain regions and averaged them for 4 age groups: late childhood, early adolescence, late adolescence, adulthood. Using multiple analytic approaches, we assessed network stability across 4 age groups, compared stability between controls and psychosis spectrum youth, and compared group-level network organization of FEP to controls. We explored whether variability in cognition or clinical symptomatology was related to network organization. RESULTS Network organization was stable across the 4 age groups in the PNC and LUNA typically developing youth and PNC psychosis spectrum youth. Psychosis spectrum and typically developing youth had similar functional network organization during all age ranges. Network organization was intact in PNC youth who met full criteria for psychosis and in FEP. Variability in cognitive functioning or clinical symptomatology was not related to network organization in psychosis spectrum youth or FEP. DISCUSSION These findings provide rigorous evidence supporting intact functional network organization in psychosis risk and psychosis from late childhood through adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Jalbrzikowski
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA,To whom correspondence should be addressed; tel: 201-403-5598, e-mail:
| | - Fuchen Liu
- Department of Statistics, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - William Foran
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Kathryn Roeder
- Department of Statistics, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA,Department of Computational Biology, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Bernie Devlin
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA,Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Beatriz Luna
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA,Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA,Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
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43
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Mennigen E, Jolles DD, Hegarty CE, Gupta M, Jalbrzikowski M, Olde Loohuis LM, Ophoff RA, Karlsgodt KH, Bearden CE. State-Dependent Functional Dysconnectivity in Youth With Psychosis Spectrum Symptoms. Schizophr Bull 2020; 46:408-421. [PMID: 31219595 PMCID: PMC7442416 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbz052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Psychosis spectrum disorders are conceptualized as neurodevelopmental disorders accompanied by disruption of large-scale functional brain networks. Dynamic functional dysconnectivity has been described in patients with schizophrenia and in help-seeking individuals at clinical high risk for psychosis. Less is known, about developmental aspects of dynamic functional network connectivity (dFNC) associated with psychotic symptoms (PS) in the general population. Here, we investigate resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging data using established dFNC methods in the Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort (ages 8-22 years), including 129 participants experiencing PS and 452 participants without PS (non-PS). Functional networks were identified using group spatial independent component analysis. A sliding window approach and k-means clustering were applied to covariance matrices of all functional networks to identify recurring whole-brain connectivity states. PS-associated dysconnectivity of default mode, salience, and executive networks occurred only in a few states, whereas dysconnectivity in the sensorimotor and visual systems in PS youth was more pervasive, observed across multiple states. This study provides new evidence that disruptions of dFNC are present even at the less severe end of the psychosis continuum in youth, complementing previous work on help-seeking and clinically diagnosed cohorts that represent the more severe end of this spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Mennigen
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Dietsje D Jolles
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Catherine E Hegarty
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Mohan Gupta
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | | | - Loes M Olde Loohuis
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Roel A Ophoff
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA,Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Katherine H Karlsgodt
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA,Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Carrie E Bearden
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA,Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA,To whom correspondence should be addressed; tel: +1 310 825 3458, fax: +1 310 825 6766, e-mail:
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44
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Kozhuharova P, Saviola F, Ettinger U, Allen P. Neural correlates of social cognition in populations at risk of psychosis: A systematic review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 108:94-111. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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45
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DeCross SN, Farabaugh AH, Holmes AJ, Ward M, Boeke EA, Wolthusen RPF, Coombs G, Nyer M, Fava M, Buckner RL, Holt DJ. Increased amygdala-visual cortex connectivity in youth with persecutory ideation. Psychol Med 2020; 50:273-283. [PMID: 30744715 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291718004221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Subclinical delusional ideas, including persecutory beliefs, in otherwise healthy individuals are heritable symptoms associated with increased risk for psychotic illness, possibly representing an expression of one end of a continuum of psychosis severity. The identification of variation in brain function associated with these symptoms may provide insights about the neurobiology of delusions in clinical psychosis. METHODS A resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging scan was collected from 131 young adults with a wide range of severity of subclinical delusional beliefs, including persecutory ideas. Because of evidence for a key role of the amygdala in fear and paranoia, resting-state functional connectivity of the amygdala was measured. RESULTS Connectivity between the amygdala and early visual cortical areas, including striate cortex (V1), was found to be significantly greater in participants with high (n = 43) v. low (n = 44) numbers of delusional beliefs, particularly in those who showed persistence of those beliefs. Similarly, across the full sample, the number of and distress associated with delusional beliefs were positively correlated with the strength of amygdala-visual cortex connectivity. Moreover, further analyses revealed that these effects were driven by those who endorsed persecutory beliefs. CONCLUSIONS These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that aberrant assignments of threat to sensory stimuli may lead to the downstream development of delusional ideas. Taken together with prior findings of disrupted sensory-limbic coupling in psychosis, these results suggest that altered amygdala-visual cortex connectivity could represent a marker of psychosis-related pathophysiology across a continuum of symptom severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie N DeCross
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Amy H Farabaugh
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Avram J Holmes
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Maeve Ward
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Emily A Boeke
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychology, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rick P F Wolthusen
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Psychological & Social Medicine and Developmental Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus of the Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Garth Coombs
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Maren Nyer
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Maurizio Fava
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Randy L Buckner
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Charlestown, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Daphne J Holt
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Charlestown, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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46
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Quarmley M, Gur RC, Turetsky BI, Watters AJ, Bilker WB, Elliott MA, Calkins ME, Kohler CG, Ruparel K, Rupert P, Gur RE, Wolf DH. Reduced safety processing during aversive social conditioning in psychosis and clinical risk. Neuropsychopharmacology 2019; 44:2247-2253. [PMID: 31112989 PMCID: PMC6898578 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-019-0421-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Social impairment occurs across the psychosis spectrum, but its pathophysiology remains poorly understood. Here we tested the hypothesis that reduced differential responses (aversive vs. neutral) in neural circuitry underpinning aversive conditioning of social stimuli characterizes the psychosis spectrum. Participants age 10-30 included a healthy control group (HC, analyzed n = 36) and a psychosis spectrum group (PSY, n = 71), including 49 at clinical risk for psychosis and 22 with a frank psychotic disorder. 3T fMRI utilized a passive aversive conditioning paradigm, with neutral faces as conditioned stimuli (CS) and a scream as the unconditioned stimulus. fMRI conditioning was indexed as the activation difference between aversive and neutral trials. Analysis focused on amygdala, ventromedial prefrontal cortex, and anterior insula, regions previously implicated in aversive and social-emotional processing. Ventromedial prefrontal cortex activated more to neutral than aversive CS; this "safety effect" was driven by HC and reduced in PSY, and correlated with subjective emotional ratings following conditioning. Insula showed the expected aversive conditioning effect, and although no group differences were found, its activation in PSY correlated with anxiety severity. Unexpectedly, amygdala did not show aversive conditioning; its activation trended greater for neutral than aversive CS, and did not differ significantly based on group or symptom severity. We conclude that abnormalities in social aversive conditioning are present across the psychosis spectrum including clinical risk, linked to a failure of safety processing. Aversive and safety learning provide translational paradigms yielding insight into pathophysiology of psychosis risk, and providing potential targets for therapeutic and preventative interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Quarmley
- 0000 0004 1936 8972grid.25879.31Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Ruben C. Gur
- 0000 0004 1936 8972grid.25879.31Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Bruce I. Turetsky
- 0000 0004 1936 8972grid.25879.31Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Anna J. Watters
- 0000 0004 1936 8972grid.25879.31Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Warren B. Bilker
- 0000 0004 1936 8972grid.25879.31Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Mark A. Elliott
- 0000 0004 1936 8972grid.25879.31Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Monica E. Calkins
- 0000 0004 1936 8972grid.25879.31Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Christian G. Kohler
- 0000 0004 1936 8972grid.25879.31Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Kosha Ruparel
- 0000 0004 1936 8972grid.25879.31Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Petra Rupert
- 0000 0004 1936 8972grid.25879.31Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Raquel E. Gur
- 0000 0004 1936 8972grid.25879.31Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Daniel H. Wolf
- 0000 0004 1936 8972grid.25879.31Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
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47
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Jalbrzikowski M, Freedman D, Hegarty CE, Mennigen E, Karlsgodt KH, Olde Loohuis LM, Ophoff RA, Gur RE, Bearden CE. Structural Brain Alterations in Youth With Psychosis and Bipolar Spectrum Symptoms. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2019; 58:1079-1091. [PMID: 30768396 PMCID: PMC7110691 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2018.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Adults with established diagnoses of serious mental illness (bipolar disorder and schizophrenia) exhibit structural brain abnormalities, yet less is known about how such abnormalities manifest earlier in development. METHOD Cross-sectional data publicly available from the Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort (PNC) were analyzed. Structural magnetic resonance neuroimaging data were collected on a subset of the PNC (N = 989; 9-22 years old). Cortical thickness, surface area (SA), and subcortical volumes were calculated. Study participants were assessed for psychiatric symptomatology using a structured interview and the following groups were created: typically developing (n = 376), psychosis spectrum (PS; n = 113), bipolar spectrum (BP; n = 117), and BP + PS (n = 109). Group and developmental differences in structural magnetic resonance neuroimaging measures were examined. In addition, the extent to which any structural aberration was related to neurocognition, global functioning, and clinical symptomatology was examined. RESULTS Compared with other groups, PS youth exhibited significantly decreased SA in the orbitofrontal, cingulate, precentral, and postcentral regions. PS youth also exhibited deceased thalamic volume compared with all other groups. The strongest effects for precentral and posterior cingulate SA decreases were seen during early adolescence (13-15 years old) in PS youth. The strongest effects for decreases in thalamic volume and orbitofrontal and postcentral SA were observed in mid-adolescence (16-18 years) in PS youth. Across groups, better overall functioning was associated with increased lateral orbitofrontal SA. Increased postcentral SA was associated with better executive cognition and less severe negative symptoms in the entire sample. CONCLUSION In a community-based sample, decreased cortical SA and thalamic volume were present early in adolescent development in youth with PS symptoms, but not in youth with BP symptoms or with BP and PS symptoms. These findings point to potential biological distinctions between PS and BP conditions, which could suggest additional biomarkers relevant to early identification.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David Freedman
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles
| | | | - Eva Mennigen
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles
| | | | | | - Roel A Ophoff
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles; Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Raquel E Gur
- Lifespan Brain Institute, Penn Medicine and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, PA
| | - Carrie E Bearden
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles; Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles; University of California, Los Angeles
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48
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Larsen EM, Herrera S, Bilgrami ZR, Shaik RB, Crump F, Sarac C, Shen J, Yang LH, Corcoran CM. Self-stigma related feelings of shame and facial fear recognition in individuals at clinical high risk for psychosis: A brief report. Schizophr Res 2019; 208:483-485. [PMID: 30700396 PMCID: PMC6544472 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2019.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emmett M. Larsen
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Shaynna Herrera
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA; Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (MIRECC VISN 2), James J. Peter Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 130 West Kingsbridge Rd, Bronx, NY 10468, USA.
| | - Zarina R. Bilgrami
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Riaz B. Shaik
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Francesca Crump
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, 1051 Riverside Drive, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Cansu Sarac
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
| | - Jenny Shen
- City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA.
| | - Lawrence H. Yang
- New York University College of Public Health, 715 Broadway, New York, NY, 10003, USA,Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, 722 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Cheryl M. Corcoran
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA,Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (MIRECC VISN 2), James J. Peter Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 130 West Kingsbridge Rd, Bronx, NY, 10468, USA,New York State Psychiatric Institute, 1051 Riverside Drive, New York, NY, 10032, USA
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49
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Jalbrzikowski M, Murty VP, Tervo-Clemmens B, Foran W, Luna B. Age-Associated Deviations of Amygdala Functional Connectivity in Youths With Psychosis Spectrum Disorders: Relevance to Psychotic Symptoms. Am J Psychiatry 2019; 176:196-207. [PMID: 30654642 PMCID: PMC6420321 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2018.18040443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The authors created normative growth charts of amygdala functional connectivity in typically developing youths, assessed age-associated deviations of these trajectories in youths with psychosis spectrum disorders, and explored how these disruptions are related to clinical symptomatology. METHODS Resting-state functional neuroimaging data from four samples (three cross-sectional, one longitudinal) were collected for 1,062 participants 10-25 years of age (622 typically developing control youths, 194 youths with psychosis spectrum disorders, and 246 youths with other psychopathology). The authors assessed deviations in the psychosis spectrum and other psychopathology groups in age-related changes in resting-state functional MRI amygdala-to-whole brain connectivity from a normative range derived from the control youths. The authors explored relationships between age-associated deviations in amygdala connectivity and positive symptoms in the psychosis spectrum group. RESULTS Normative trajectories demonstrated significant age-related decreases in centromedial amygdala connectivity with distinct regions of the brain. In contrast, the psychosis spectrum group failed to exhibit any significant age-associated changes between the centromedial amygdala and the prefrontal cortices, striatum, occipital cortex, and thalamus (all q values <0.1). Age-associated deviations in centromedial amygdala-striatum and centromedial amygdala-occipital connectivity were unique to the psychosis spectrum group and were not observed in the other psychopathology group. Exploratory analyses revealed that greater age-related deviation in centromedial amygdala-thalamus connectivity was significantly associated with increased severity of positive symptoms (r=0.19; q=0.05) in the psychosis spectrum group. CONCLUSIONS Using neurodevelopmental growth charts to identify a lack of normative development of amygdala connectivity in youths with psychosis spectrum disorders may help us better understand the neural basis of affective impairments in psychosis, informing prediction models and interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Beatriz Luna
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Psychiatry,University of Pittsburgh, Department of Psychology,University of Pittsburgh, Department of Pediatrics
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50
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Abnormal asymmetries in subcortical brain volume in early adolescents with subclinical psychotic experiences. Transl Psychiatry 2018; 8:254. [PMID: 30487578 PMCID: PMC6261944 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-018-0312-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Subcortical structures may have an important role in the pathophysiology of psychosis. Our recent mega-analysis of structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data has reported subcortical volumetric and lateralization alterations in chronic schizophrenia, including leftward asymmetric increases in pallidal volume. The question remains, however, whether these characteristics may represent vulnerability to the development of psychosis or whether they are epiphenomena caused by exposure to medication or illness chronicity. Subclinical psychotic experiences (SPEs) occur in some adolescents in the general population and increase the odds of developing psychosis in young adulthood. Investigations into the association between SPEs and MRI-measured volumes of subcortical structures in the general adolescent population would clarify the issue. Here, we collected structural MRI data in a subsample (10.5-13.3 years old) of a large-scale population-based cohort and explored subcortical volume and lateralization alterations related to SPEs (N = 203). Adolescents with SPEs demonstrated significant volumetric increases in the left hippocampus, right caudate, and right lateral ventricle, as well as a marginally significant increase in the left pallidum. Furthermore, adolescents with SPEs showed significantly more leftward laterality of pallidal volume than individuals without SPEs, which replicates our mega-analysis findings in chronic schizophrenia. We suggest that leftward asymmetries in pallidal volume already present in early adolescence may underlie the premorbid predisposition for developing psychosis in later life.
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