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Redd PS, Merting AD, Klement JD, Poschel DB, Yang D, Liu K. In vitro antibody-mediated SARS-CoV-2 infection suppression through human ACE2 receptor blockade. Immunol Lett 2024; 268:106887. [PMID: 38925442 PMCID: PMC11256821 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2024.106887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Vaccines and antibodies that specifically target or neutralize components of the SARS-CoV-2 virus are effective in prevention and treatment of human patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, vaccines and SARS-CoV-2 neutralization antibodies target a subset of epitopes of viral proteins, and the fast evolution of the SARS-CoV-2 virus and the continuing emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants confer SARS-CoV-2 immune escape from these therapies. ACE2 is the human cell receptor that serves as the entry point for SARS-CoV-2 into human cells and thus is the gatekeeper for SARS-CoV-2 infection of humans. We report here the development of 4G8C11, an anti-human ACE2 receptor monoclonal antibody that recognizes ACE2 on human cell surfaces. We determined that 4G8C11 blocks SARS-CoV-2 and variant infection of ACE2+ human cells. Furthermore, 4G8C11 has minimal effects on ACE2 receptor activity. 4G8C11 is therefore a monoclonal antibody for ACE2 receptor detection and potentially an effective immunotherapeutic agent for SARS-CoV-2 and variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscilla S Redd
- CheMedImmune Inc., Augusta, GA 30912, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia. Augusta, GA 30912, USA; Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30904, USA.
| | - Alyssa D Merting
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia. Augusta, GA 30912, USA; Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30904, USA
| | - John D Klement
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia. Augusta, GA 30912, USA; Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30904, USA
| | - Dakota B Poschel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia. Augusta, GA 30912, USA; Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30904, USA
| | - Dafeng Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia. Augusta, GA 30912, USA; Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30904, USA
| | - Kebin Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia. Augusta, GA 30912, USA; Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30904, USA
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2
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Li Y, Lu SM, Wang JL, Yao HP, Liang LG. Progress in SARS-CoV-2, diagnostic and clinical treatment of COVID-19. Heliyon 2024; 10:e33179. [PMID: 39021908 PMCID: PMC11253070 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e33179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Corona Virus Disease 2019(COVID-19)is a global pandemic novel coronavirus infection disease caused by Severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Although rapid, large-scale testing plays an important role in patient management and slowing the spread of the disease. However, there has been no good and widely used drug treatment for infection and transmission of SARS-CoV-2. Key findings Therefore, this review updates the body of knowledge on viral structure, infection routes, detection methods, and clinical treatment, with the aim of responding to the large-section caused by SARS-CoV-2. This paper focuses on the structure of SARS-CoV-2 viral protease, RNA polymerase, serine protease and main proteinase-like protease as well as targeted antiviral drugs. Conclusion In vitro or clinical trials have been carried out to provide deeper thinking for the pathogenesis, clinical diagnosis, vaccine development and treatment of SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Si-Ming Lu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Clinical in Vitro Diagnostic Techniques, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jia-Long Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hang-Ping Yao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li-Guo Liang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Centre for Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
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3
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Jasiczek J, Doroszko A, Trocha T, Trocha M. Role of the RAAS in mediating the pathophysiology of COVID-19. Pharmacol Rep 2024; 76:475-486. [PMID: 38652364 PMCID: PMC11126499 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-024-00596-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) holds a position of paramount importance as enzymatic and endocrine homeostatic regulator concerning the water-electrolyte and acid-base balance. Nevertheless, its intricacy is influenced by the presence of various complementary angiotensins and their specific receptors, thereby modifying the primary RAAS actions. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) acts as a surface receptor for SARS-CoV-2, establishing an essential connection between RAAS and COVID-19 infection. Despite the recurring exploration of the RAAS impact on the trajectory of COVID-19 along with the successful resolution of many inquiries, its complete role in the genesis of delayed consequences encompassing long COVID and cardiovascular thrombotic outcomes during the post-COVID phase as well as post-vaccination, remains not fully comprehended. Particularly noteworthy is the involvement of the RAAS in the molecular mechanisms underpinning procoagulant processes throughout COVID-19. These processes significantly contribute to the pathogenesis of organ complications as well as determine clinical outcomes and are discussed in this manuscript.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Jasiczek
- Department of Cardiology, Regional Specialist Hospital in Wrocław, Kamieńskiego 73a, Wrocław, 51-124, Poland
| | - Adrian Doroszko
- Department of Cardiology, 4th Military Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Weigla 5, Wrocław, 50-981, Poland
| | - Tymoteusz Trocha
- Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 213, Wrocław, 50-556, Poland.
| | - Małgorzata Trocha
- Clinical Department of Diabetology and Internal Disease, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 213, Wrocław, 50-556, Poland
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4
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Shukla AK, Awasthi K, Usman K, Banerjee M. Role of renin-angiotensin system/angiotensin converting enzyme-2 mechanism and enhanced COVID-19 susceptibility in type 2 diabetes mellitus. World J Diabetes 2024; 15:606-622. [PMID: 38680697 PMCID: PMC11045416 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v15.i4.606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a disease that caused a global pandemic and is caused by infection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 virus. It has affected over 768 million people worldwide, resulting in approximately 6900000 deaths. High-risk groups, identified by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, include individuals with conditions like type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), obesity, chronic lung disease, serious heart conditions, and chronic kidney disease. Research indicates that those with T2DM face a heightened susceptibility to COVID-19 and increased mortality compared to non-diabetic individuals. Examining the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), a vital regulator of blood pressure and pulmonary stability, reveals the significance of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and ACE2 enzymes. ACE converts angiotensin-I to the vasoconstrictor angiotensin-II, while ACE2 counters this by converting angiotensin-II to angiotensin 1-7, a vasodilator. Reduced ACE2 expression, common in diabetes, intensifies RAS activity, contributing to conditions like inflammation and fibrosis. Although ACE inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers can be therapeutically beneficial by increasing ACE2 levels, concerns arise regarding the potential elevation of ACE2 receptors on cell membranes, potentially facilitating COVID-19 entry. This review explored the role of the RAS/ACE2 mechanism in amplifying severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection and associated complications in T2DM. Potential treatment strategies, including recombinant human ACE2 therapy, broad-spectrum antiviral drugs, and epigenetic signature detection, are discussed as promising avenues in the battle against this pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwin Kumar Shukla
- Molecular and Human Genetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow 226007, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Komal Awasthi
- Molecular and Human Genetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow 226007, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Kauser Usman
- Department of Medicine, King Georges’ Medical University, Lucknow 226003, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Monisha Banerjee
- Molecular and Human Genetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow 226007, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Institute of Advanced Molecular Genetics, and Infectious Diseases (IAMGID), University of Lucknow, Lucknow 226007, Uttar Pradesh, India
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5
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Gracia-Ramos AE, Ángeles-Durán GY, Flores-Gómez IR, Flores-Martínez E, Valdin-Orozco TI, Reyes-Peralta JR, Pedraza-Hervert C, Garcia-Arroyo FA, Cortés Ortíz A, Pecero-Hidalgo MJ. Standard of care plus telmisartan on respiratory failure due to COVID-19 (STAR-COVID trial). Minerva Cardiol Angiol 2024; 72:102-110. [PMID: 38231079 DOI: 10.23736/s2724-5683.23.06463-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The potential influence of renin-angiotensin inhibitors on the severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection has been considered in preclinical and observational studies with contradictory results. Therefore, we investigated the effect of telmisartan in reducing lung injury among hospitalized COVID-19 patients. METHODS The STAR-COVID trial was conducted as a prospective, parallel-group, randomized, open-label study involving hospitalized adult patients with severe COVID-19 (NCT04510662). Sixty-six patients were enrolled: 33 were assigned to the telmisartan group and 33 to the control group. The mean age of participants was 48.8 years, with 62.5% being male. Participants were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive either telmisartan (40 mg daily for 14 days or until discharge) plus standard of care or standard of care alone. The primary outcome assessed was the initiation of mechanical ventilation within 14 days. Secondary outcomes included 30-day mortality, the need for vasopressors, hemodialysis requirements, and length of hospital stay. RESULTS Comparison between the telmisartan group and the control group revealed no significant difference in the occurrence of mechanical ventilation at 14 days (25% with telmisartan vs. 18.7% with control, P=0.579). Additionally, there were no significant differences observed in terms of mortality (25% vs. 21.9%, P=0.768), the need for vasopressors (18.8% in both groups, P=1.000), hemodialysis requirements (6.3% vs. 3.1%, P=0.500), and length of hospital stay (median of 7 days in both groups, P=0.962). CONCLUSIONS Compared with the standard of care, telmisartan therapy demonstrated no significant impact on respiratory failure in hospitalized patients with severe COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abraham E Gracia-Ramos
- Department of Internal Medicine, La Raza Medical Complex, Mexican Social Security Institute, UMAE Hospital General "Dr. Gaudencio González Garza, " Mexico City, Mexico -
- School of Medicine, Section of Graduate Studies and Research, National Polytechnic Institute of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico -
| | - Gissel Y Ángeles-Durán
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de Zumpango (HRAEZ), Zumpango, Mexico
| | - Iván R Flores-Gómez
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de Zumpango (HRAEZ), Zumpango, Mexico
| | - Emmanuel Flores-Martínez
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de Zumpango (HRAEZ), Zumpango, Mexico
| | - Tania I Valdin-Orozco
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de Zumpango (HRAEZ), Zumpango, Mexico
| | - Jesús R Reyes-Peralta
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de Zumpango (HRAEZ), Zumpango, Mexico
| | - César Pedraza-Hervert
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de Zumpango (HRAEZ), Zumpango, Mexico
| | - Flor A Garcia-Arroyo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de Zumpango (HRAEZ), Zumpango, Mexico
| | - Antonio Cortés Ortíz
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de Zumpango (HRAEZ), Zumpango, Mexico
| | - María J Pecero-Hidalgo
- Director Office, Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de Zumpango (HRAEZ), Zumpango, Mexico
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Gaber DA, Shokr M, Shaker O, Zaki KA, Khalil HS, Wahb AM. Serum ACE2 and S19P gene polymorphism in Egyptian patients with COVID-19 infection: correlation with disease severity. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5846. [PMID: 38462662 PMCID: PMC10925588 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56260-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The expression of ACE2 is linked to disease severity in COVID-19 patients. The ACE2 receptor gene polymorphisms are considered determinants for SARS-CoV-2 infection and its outcome. In our study, serum ACE2 and its genetic variant S19P rs73635825 polymorphism were investigated in 114 SARS-CoV-2 patients. The results were compared with 120 control subjects. ELISA technique and allele discrimination assay were used for measuring serum ACE2 and genotype analysis of ACE2 rs73635825. Our results revealed that serum ACE2 was significantly lower in SARS-CoV-2 patients (p = 0.0001), particularly in cases with hypertension or diabetes mellitus. There was a significant difference in the genotype distributions of ACE2 rs73635825 A > G between COVID-19 patients and controls (p-value = 0.001). A higher frequency of the heterozygous AG genotype (65.8%) was reported in COVID-19 patients. The G allele was significantly more common in COVID-19 patients (p < 0.0001). The AG and GG genotypes were associated with COVID-19 severity as they were correlated with abnormal laboratory findings, GGO, CXR, and total severity scores with p < 0.05. Our results revealed that the ACE2 S19P gene variant is correlated with the incidence of infection and its severity, suggesting the usefulness of this work in identifying the susceptible population groups for better disease control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalia A Gaber
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt.
- College of Medicine, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, UAE.
| | - Mohamed Shokr
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, MUST University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Olfat Shaker
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Kamelia Ahmed Zaki
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, MUST University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Haidy Samir Khalil
- Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amany M Wahb
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
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7
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Sarfraz A, Sarfraz Z, Bano S, Sarfraz M, Jaan A, Minhas A, Razzack AA, Patel G, Manish KC, Makkar SS, Garimella R, Pandav K, Almonte J, Paul T, Almonte T, Jimenez L, Pantoga JC, El Mazboudi N, Yatzkan G, Michel G, Michel J. Global Perspective on COVID-19 Therapies, Cardiovascular Outcomes, and Implications for Long COVID: A State-of-the-Art Review. J Community Hosp Intern Med Perspect 2024; 14:58-66. [PMID: 38966504 PMCID: PMC11221457 DOI: 10.55729/2000-9666.1308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in many therapies, of which many are repurposed and used for other diseases in the last decade such in Influenza and Ebola. We intend to provide a robust foundation for cardiovascular outcomes of the therapies to better understand the rationale for the clinical trials that were conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic, and to gain more clarity on the steps moving forward should the repurposing provide clinical benefit in pandemic situations. With this state-of-the-art review, we aim to improve the understanding of the cardiovascular involvement of the therapies prior to, during, and after the COVID-19 pandemic to provide meaningful findings to the cardiovascular specialists and clinical trials for therapies, moving on from the period of pandemic urgency.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Shehar Bano
- Fatima Jinnah Medical University, Lahore,
Pakistan
| | | | - Ali Jaan
- Rochester General Hospital, Rochester, NY,
USA
| | - Amna Minhas
- Fatima Jinnah Medical University, Lahore,
Pakistan
| | | | | | - KC Manish
- Larkin Health System, South Miami, Florida,
USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Trissa Paul
- Larkin Health System, South Miami, Florida,
USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jack Michel
- Larkin Health System, South Miami, Florida,
USA
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Avilés-Alía AI, Zulaica J, Perez JJ, Rubio-Martínez J, Geller R, Granadino-Roldán JM. The Discovery of inhibitors of the SARS-CoV-2 S protein through computational drug repurposing. Comput Biol Med 2024; 171:108163. [PMID: 38417382 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2024.108163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 must bind its principal receptor, ACE2, on the target cell to initiate infection. This interaction is largely driven by the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the viral Spike (S) protein. Accordingly, antiviral compounds that can block RBD/ACE2 interactions can constitute promising antiviral agents. To identify such molecules, we performed a virtual screening of the Selleck FDA approved drugs and the Selleck database of Natural Products using a multistep computational procedure. An initial set of candidates was identified from an ensemble docking process using representative structures determined from the analysis of four 3 μ s molecular dynamics trajectories of the RBD/ACE2 complex. Two procedures were used to construct an initial set of candidates including a standard and a pharmacophore guided docking procedure. The initial set was subsequently subjected to a multistep sieving process to reduce the number of candidates to be tested experimentally, using increasingly demanding computational procedures, including the calculation of the binding free energy computed using the MMPBSA and MMGBSA methods. After the sieving process, a final list of 10 candidates was proposed, compounds which were subsequently purchased and tested ex-vivo. The results identified estradiol cypionate and telmisartan as inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 entry into cells. Our findings demonstrate that the methodology presented here enables the discovery of inhibitors targeting viruses for which high-resolution structures are available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Isabel Avilés-Alía
- Institute for Integrative Systems Biology (I2SysBio, UV-CSIC), C/ Catedrático José Beltrán, 2, 46980, Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Joao Zulaica
- Institute for Integrative Systems Biology (I2SysBio, UV-CSIC), C/ Catedrático José Beltrán, 2, 46980, Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Juan J Perez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya- Barcelona Tech, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jaime Rubio-Martínez
- Department of Materials Science and Physical Chemistry, University of Barcelona and the Institut de Recerca en Quimica Teorica i Computacional (IQTCUB), 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ron Geller
- Institute for Integrative Systems Biology (I2SysBio, UV-CSIC), C/ Catedrático José Beltrán, 2, 46980, Paterna, Valencia, Spain.
| | - José M Granadino-Roldán
- Departamento de Química Física y Analítica. Universidad de Jaén, Campus "Las Lagunillas" s/n, 23071, Jaén, Spain.
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9
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Wang Y, Li K, Zeng J, Lu S, Deng W. The risk of common hypoglycemic and antihypertensive medications and COVID-19: A 2-sample Mendelian randomization study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e36423. [PMID: 38335406 PMCID: PMC10860956 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000036423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been reported that diabetes and hypertension increase the adverse outcomes of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Aside from the inherent factors of diabetes and hypertension, it remains unclear whether antidiabetic or antihypertensive medications contribute to the increased adverse outcomes of COVID-19. The effect of commonly used antidiabetic and antihypertensive medications on COVID-19 outcomes has been inconsistently concluded in existing observational studies. Conducting a systematic study on the causal relationship between these medications and COVID-19 would be beneficial in guiding their use during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS We employed the 2-sample Mendelian randomization approach to assess the causal relationship between 5 commonly used antidiabetic medications (SGLT-2 inhibitors, Sulfonylureas, Insulin analogues, Thiazolidinediones, GLP-1 analogues) and 3 commonly used antihypertensive medications (calcium channel blockers [CCB], ACE inhibitors, β-receptor blockers [BB]), and COVID-19 susceptibility, hospitalization, and severe outcomes. The genetic variations in the drug targets of the 5 antidiabetic medications and 3 antihypertensive medications were utilized as instrumental variables. European population-specific genome-wide association analysis (GWAS) data on COVID-19 from the Host Genetics Initiative meta-analyses were obtained, including COVID-19 susceptibility (n = 2597,856), COVID-19 hospitalization (n = 2095,324), and COVID-19 severity (n = 1086,211). The random-effects inverse variance-weighted estimation method was employed as the primary assessment technique, with various sensitivity analyses conducted to evaluate heterogeneity and pleiotropy. RESULTS There were no potential associations between the genetic variations in the drug targets of the 5 commonly used antidiabetic medications (SGLT-2 inhibitors, Sulfonylureas, Insulin analogues, Thiazolidinediones, GLP-1 analogues) and the 3 commonly used antihypertensive medications (CCBs, ACE inhibitors, BBs) with COVID-19 susceptibility, hospitalization, and severity (all P > .016). CONCLUSION The findings from this comprehensive Mendelian randomization analysis suggest that there may be no causal relationship between the 5 commonly used antidiabetic medications (SGLT-2 inhibitors, Sulfonylureas, Insulin analogues, Thiazolidinediones, GLP-1 analogues) and the 3 commonly used antihypertensive medications (CCBs, ACE inhibitors, BBs) with COVID-19 susceptibility, hospitalization, and severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Wang
- Endocrinology Department, Liuzhou Peoples’ Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi Medical University, Liuzhou, Guangxi, China
| | - Kai Li
- Orthopedics Department, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Liuzhou, Guangxi, China
| | - Jiaxing Zeng
- Department of Traumatic Surgery & Microsurgery & Hand Surgery, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region People’s Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Shunyu Lu
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Wangsheng Deng
- Emergency Department, Longhua People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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10
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Obeng-Gyasi E. How will Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) and lead (Pb) exposure interact in the cardiovascular system? INTERNATIONAL PUBLIC HEALTH JOURNAL 2024; 16:3-10. [PMID: 39139795 PMCID: PMC11321597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
The combined effects of lead exposure and the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) and how they cause cardiovascular dysfunction are examined in this viewpoint manuscript. Lead was picked as a representative environmental contaminant because it has been studied extensively for more than 40 years, while SARS-CoV-2 illustrates the unpredictability of a new infectious agent that can quickly increase the environmental burden on communities. Given that this interaction represents a plausible combined exposure for many people, it is crucial to discuss how it might happen at a mechanistic level. SARS-CoV-2 causes the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which can spread by contact and respiratory droplets. One may be exposed to lead and SARS-CoV-2 simultaneously depending on their living situation. Uncertainty exists regarding the consequences of this exposure on cardiovascular disease and its underlying processes. This paper aims to investigate these mechanisms and provide potential causes behind them. The interaction of lead with SARS-CoV-2 and its effects on the cardiovascular system are likely caused by direct damage, the promotion of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, oxidative stress, and inflammation. In particular, the stimulation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-B), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF) were all identified as potentially important pathways. Blood clotting, cytokine storm cycle development, and increased hypoxia may also be the results of this. In summary, the effects on the immune system, coagulation, the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, and cardiac contractility were the four primary areas identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Obeng-Gyasi
- Department of Built Environment and Environmental Health and Disease Laboratory, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, North Carolina, USA
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11
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Rathkolb V, Traugott MT, Heinzel A, Poglitsch M, Aberle J, Eskandary F, Abrahamowicz A, Mueller M, Knollmueller P, Shoumariyeh T, Stuflesser J, Seeber I, Gibas G, Mayfurth H, Tinhof V, Schmoelz L, Zeitlinger M, Schoergenhofer C, Jilma B, Genser B, Hoepler W, Omid S, Karolyi M, Wenisch C, Oberbauer R, Zoufaly A, Hecking M, Reindl-Schwaighofer R. Renin-angiotensin system inhibitor discontinuation in COVID-19 did not modify systemic ACE2 in a randomized controlled trial. iScience 2023; 26:108146. [PMID: 37867935 PMCID: PMC10585392 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the similar clinical outcomes after renin-angiotensin system (RAS) inhibitor (RASi) continuation or withdrawal in COVID-19, the effects on angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and RAS metabolites remain unclear. In a substudy of the randomized controlled Austrian Corona Virus Adaptive Clinical Trial (ACOVACT), patients with hypertension and COVID-19 were randomized 1:1 to either RASi continuation (n = 30) or switch to a non-RASi medication (n = 29). RAS metabolites were analyzed using a mixed linear regression model (n = 30). Time to a sustained clinical improvement was equal and ACE2 did not differ between the groups but increased over time in both. Overall ACE2 was higher with severe COVID-19. ACE-S and Ang II levels increased as expected with ACE inhibitor discontinuation. These data support the safety of RASi continuation in COVID-19, although RASi were frequently discontinued in our post hoc analysis. The study was not powered to draw definite conclusions on clinical outcomes using small sample sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Rathkolb
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Clinical Division of Nephrology & Dialysis, Medical University of Vienna, Wien, Austria
| | - Marianna T. Traugott
- Department of Internal Medicine IV with Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Clinic Favoriten, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Heinzel
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Clinical Division of Nephrology & Dialysis, Medical University of Vienna, Wien, Austria
| | | | - Judith Aberle
- Institute of Virology, Medical University of Vienna, Wien, Austria
| | - Farsad Eskandary
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Clinical Division of Nephrology & Dialysis, Medical University of Vienna, Wien, Austria
| | - Agnes Abrahamowicz
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Clinical Division of Nephrology & Dialysis, Medical University of Vienna, Wien, Austria
| | - Martin Mueller
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Wien, Austria
| | - Petra Knollmueller
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Wien, Austria
| | - Tarik Shoumariyeh
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Clinical Division of Nephrology & Dialysis, Medical University of Vienna, Wien, Austria
| | - Jasmin Stuflesser
- Department of Internal Medicine IV with Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Clinic Favoriten, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ivan Seeber
- Department of Internal Medicine IV with Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Clinic Favoriten, Vienna, Austria
| | - Georg Gibas
- Department of Internal Medicine IV with Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Clinic Favoriten, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hannah Mayfurth
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Clinical Division of Nephrology & Dialysis, Medical University of Vienna, Wien, Austria
| | - Viktoria Tinhof
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Clinical Division of Nephrology & Dialysis, Medical University of Vienna, Wien, Austria
| | - Lukas Schmoelz
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Clinical Division of Nephrology & Dialysis, Medical University of Vienna, Wien, Austria
| | - Markus Zeitlinger
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Wien, Austria
| | | | - Bernd Jilma
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Wien, Austria
| | - Bernd Genser
- Center for Preventive Medicine and Digital Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Hoepler
- Department of Internal Medicine IV with Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Clinic Favoriten, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sara Omid
- Department of Internal Medicine IV with Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Clinic Favoriten, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mario Karolyi
- Department of Internal Medicine IV with Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Clinic Favoriten, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Wenisch
- Department of Internal Medicine IV with Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Clinic Favoriten, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rainer Oberbauer
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Clinical Division of Nephrology & Dialysis, Medical University of Vienna, Wien, Austria
| | - Alexander Zoufaly
- Department of Internal Medicine IV with Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Clinic Favoriten, Vienna, Austria
- Faculty of Medicine, Sigmund Freud University, Vienna, Austria
| | - Manfred Hecking
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Clinical Division of Nephrology & Dialysis, Medical University of Vienna, Wien, Austria
| | - Roman Reindl-Schwaighofer
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Clinical Division of Nephrology & Dialysis, Medical University of Vienna, Wien, Austria
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Sitthiyotha T, Treewattanawong W, Chunsrivirot S. Designing peptides predicted to bind to the omicron variant better than ACE2 via computational protein design and molecular dynamics. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0292589. [PMID: 37816037 PMCID: PMC10564162 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0292589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Brought about by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has resulted in large numbers of worldwide deaths and cases. Several SARS-CoV-2 variants have evolved, and Omicron (B.1.1.529) was one of the important variants of concern. It gets inside human cells by using its S1 subunit's receptor-binding domain (SARS-CoV-2-RBD) to bind to Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptor's peptidase domain (ACE2-PD). Using peptides to inhibit binding interactions (BIs) between ACE2-PD and SARS-CoV-2-RBD is one of promising COVID-19 therapies. Employing computational protein design (CPD) as well as molecular dynamics (MD), this study used ACE2-PD's α1 helix to generate novel 25-mer peptide binders (SPB25) of Omicron RBD that have predicted binding affinities (ΔGbind (MM‑GBSA)) better than ACE2 by increasing favorable BIs between SPB25 and the conserved residues of RBD. Results from MD and the MM-GBSA method identified two best designed peptides (SPB25T7L/K11A and SPB25T7L/K11L with ΔGbind (MM‑GBSA) of -92.4 ± 0.4 and -95.7 ± 0.5 kcal/mol, respectively) that have better ΔGbind (MM‑GBSA) to Omicron RBD than ACE2 (-87.9 ± 0.5 kcal/mol) and SPB25 (-71.6 ± 0.5 kcal/mol). Additionally, they were predicted to have slightly higher stabilities, based on their percent helicities in water, than SBP1 (the experimentally proven inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2-RBD). Our two best designed SPB25s are promising candidates as omicron variant inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thassanai Sitthiyotha
- Structural and Computational Biology Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Wantanee Treewattanawong
- Structural and Computational Biology Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Surasak Chunsrivirot
- Structural and Computational Biology Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, Thailand
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Vitiello A, Zovi A, Trama U, Ferrara F. Overview of pharmacotherapy targeting COVID-19 disease based on ACE-2: current challenges and future directions. Herz 2023; 48:372-375. [PMID: 36331568 PMCID: PMC9638345 DOI: 10.1007/s00059-022-05142-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The new Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV‑2) triggered the pandemic of COVID-19, which is currently still ongoing. In 2021 a worldwide vaccine campaign was launched, and in parallel the lines of research are continuing to target the most effective drug therapies for the treatment of COVID-19 disease. SARS-CoV‑2 enters host cells via glycoprotein angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE-2), which plays a major role in renin-angiotensin system interactions and undergoes changes in expression during metabolic and viral diseases, including COVID-19. It seems that the severe lung damage that occurs in several cases of COVID-19 disease may be connected to a deregulated expression of ACE‑2. In this manuscript we focus on the line of research that studies the pharmacological modification of ACE‑2 expression, a promising weapon to counter the severe harms caused by COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrea Zovi
- Ministry of Health, Viale Giorgio Ribotta 5, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Ugo Trama
- General Direction for Health Protection and Coordination of the Campania Regional Health System, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Ferrara
- Pharmaceutical department, Asl Napoli 3 Sud, Dell’amicizia street 22, 80035 Nola, Naples, Italy
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Khudadah K, Ramadan A, Othman A, Refaey N, Elrosasy A, Rezkallah A, Heseba T, Moawad M, Mektebi A, Elejla S, Abouzid M, Abdelazeem B. Surfactant replacement therapy as promising treatment for COVID-19: an updated narrative review. Biosci Rep 2023; 43:BSR20230504. [PMID: 37497603 PMCID: PMC10412525 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20230504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with COVID-19 exhibit similar symptoms to neonatal respiratory distress syndrome. SARS-CoV-2 spike protein has been shown to target alveolar type 2 lung cells which synthesize and secrete endogenous surfactants leading to acute respiratory distress syndrome in some patients. This was proven by post-mortem histopathological findings revealing desquamated alveolar type 2 cells. Surfactant use in patients with COVID-19 respiratory distress syndrome results in marked improvement in respiratory parameters but not mortality which needs further clinical trials comparing surfactant formulas and modes of administration to decrease the mortality. In addition, surfactants could be a promising vehicle for specific drug delivery as a liposomal carrier, which requires more and more challenging efforts. In this review, we highlight the current reviews and two clinical trials on exogenous surfactant therapy in COVID-19-associated respiratory distress in adults, and how surfactant could be a promising drug to help fight the COVID-19 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alaa Ramadan
- Faculty of Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Othman
- Kuwait Oil Company Ahmadi Hospital, Al Ahmadi, Kuwait
| | - Neveen Refaey
- Women’s Health department, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amr Elrosasy
- Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ayoub Rezkallah
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Algeirs, Algeirs, Algeria
- Department of Hematology Laboratory and Blood Transfusion, Hospital Center University Lamine Debaghine, Algeirs, Algeria
| | - Toka Heseba
- Faculty of Medicine, Assuit University, Assuit, Egypt
| | - Mostafa Hossam El Din Moawad
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Clinical Department, Alexandria University, Egypt
- Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Ammar Mektebi
- Faculty of Medicine, Kutahya Health Sciences University, Kutahya, Turkey
| | - Sewar A Elejla
- Faculty of Medicine, Alquds University, Jerusalem, Palestine
| | - Mohamed Abouzid
- Department of Physical Pharmacy and Pharmacokinetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 3 St., 60-806 Poznan, Poland
- Doctoral School, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-812 Poznan, Poland
| | - Basel Abdelazeem
- McLaren Health Care, Flint, Michigan, U.S.A
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, U.S.A
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15
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Azzouzi M, Ouafi ZE, Azougagh O, Daoudi W, Ghazal H, Barkany SE, Abderrazak R, Mazières S, Aatiaoui AE, Oussaid A. Design, synthesis, and computational studies of novel imidazo[1,2- a]pyrimidine derivatives as potential dual inhibitors of hACE2 and spike protein for blocking SARS-CoV-2 cell entry. J Mol Struct 2023; 1285:135525. [PMID: 37057139 PMCID: PMC10080474 DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2023.135525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
In the present work, a new series of imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidine Schiff base derivatives have been obtained using an easy and conventional synthetic route. The synthesized compounds were spectroscopically characterized using 1H, 13C NMR, LC-MS(ESI), and FT-IR techniques. Green metric calculations indicate adherence to several green chemistry principles. The energy of Frontier Molecular Orbitals (FMO), Molecular Electrostatic Potential (MEP), Quantum Theory of Atoms in Molecules (QTAIM), and Reduced Density Gradient (RDG) were determined by the Density Functional Theory (DFT) method at B3LYP/6-31 G (d, p) as the basis set. Moreover, molecular docking studies targeting the human ACE2 and the spike, key entrance proteins of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 were carried out along with hACE2 natural ligand Angiotensin II, the MLN-4760 inhibitor as well as the Cannabidiolic Acid CBDA which has been demonstrated to bind to the spike protein and block cell entry. The molecular modeling results showed auspicious results in terms of binding affinity as the top-scoring compound exhibited a remarkable affinity (-9.1 and -7.3 kcal/mol) to the ACE2 and spike protein respectively compared to CBDA (-5.7 kcal/mol), the MLN-4760 inhibitor (-7.3 kcal/mol), and angiotensin II (-9.2 kcal/mol). These findings suggest that the synthesized compounds may potentially act as effective entrance inhibitors, preventing the SARS-CoV-2 infection of human cells. Furthermore, in silico, ADMET, and drug-likeness prediction expressed promising drug-like characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Azzouzi
- Laboratory of Molecular Chemistry, Materials and Environment (LCM2E), Department of Chemistry, Multidisciplinary Faculty of Nador, University Mohamed I, Nador 60700, Morocco
| | - Zainab El Ouafi
- Laboratory of Genomics and Bioinformatics, School of Pharmacy, Mohammed VI University of Health Sciences Casablanca, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Omar Azougagh
- Laboratory of Molecular Chemistry, Materials and Environment (LCM2E), Department of Chemistry, Multidisciplinary Faculty of Nador, University Mohamed I, Nador 60700, Morocco
| | - Walid Daoudi
- Laboratory of Molecular Chemistry, Materials and Environment (LCM2E), Department of Chemistry, Multidisciplinary Faculty of Nador, University Mohamed I, Nador 60700, Morocco
| | - Hassan Ghazal
- Laboratory of Genomics and Bioinformatics, School of Pharmacy, Mohammed VI University of Health Sciences Casablanca, Casablanca, Morocco
- Electronic Systems, Sensors and Nanobiotechnologies (E2SN), École Nationale Supérieure des Arts et Métiers (ENSAM), Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Soufian El Barkany
- Laboratory of Molecular Chemistry, Materials and Environment (LCM2E), Department of Chemistry, Multidisciplinary Faculty of Nador, University Mohamed I, Nador 60700, Morocco
| | - Rfaki Abderrazak
- National Center for Scientific and Technical Research (CNRST), Rabat, Morocco
| | - Stéphane Mazières
- Laboratory of IMRCP, University Paul Sabatier, CNRS UMR 5623, 118 route de Narbonne, Toulouse 31062, France
| | - Abdelmalik El Aatiaoui
- Laboratory of Molecular Chemistry, Materials and Environment (LCM2E), Department of Chemistry, Multidisciplinary Faculty of Nador, University Mohamed I, Nador 60700, Morocco
| | - Adyl Oussaid
- Laboratory of Molecular Chemistry, Materials and Environment (LCM2E), Department of Chemistry, Multidisciplinary Faculty of Nador, University Mohamed I, Nador 60700, Morocco
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16
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Islam MN, Pramanik MEA, Hossain MA, Rahman MH, Hossen MS, Islam MA, Miah MMZ, Ahmed I, Hossain AZMM, Haque MJ, Islam AKMM, Ali MN, Jahan RA, Haque ME, Rahman MM, Hasan MS, Rahman MM, Kabir MM, Basak PM, Sarkar MAM, Islam MS, Rahman MR, Prodhan AKMAUD, Mosaddik A, Haque H, Fahmin F, Das HS, Islam MM, Emtia C, Gofur MR, Liang A, Akbar SMF. Identification of Leading Compounds from Euphorbia neriifolia (Dudsor) Extracts as a Potential Inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 ACE2-RBDS1 Receptor Complex: An Insight from Molecular Docking ADMET Profiling and MD-simulation Studies. Euroasian J Hepatogastroenterol 2023; 13:89-107. [PMID: 38222948 PMCID: PMC10785135 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10018-1414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) are deadly and infectious disease that impacts individuals in a variety of ways. Scientists have stepped up their attempts to find an antiviral drug that targets the spike protein (S) of Angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) (receptor protein) as a viable therapeutic target for coronavirus. The most recent study examines the potential antagonistic effects of 17 phytochemicals present in the plant extraction of Euphorbia neriifolia on the anti-SARS-CoV-2 ACE2 protein. Computational techniques like molecular docking, absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) investigations, and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation analysis were used to investigate the actions of these phytochemicals. The results of molecular docking studies showed that the control ligand (2-acetamido-2-deoxy-β-D-glucopyranose) had a binding potential of -6.2 kcal/mol, but the binding potentials of delphin, β-amyrin, and tulipanin are greater at -10.4, 10.0, and -9.6 kcal/mol. To verify their drug-likeness, the discovered hits were put via Lipinski filters and ADMET analysis. According to MD simulations of the complex run for 100 numbers, delphin binds to the SARS-CoV-2 ACE2 receptor's active region with good stability. In root-mean-square deviation (RMSD) and root mean square fluctuation (RMSF) calculations, delphinan, β-amyrin, and tulipanin showed reduced variance with the receptor binding domain subunit 1(RBD S1) ACE2 protein complex. The solvent accessible surface area (SASA), radius of gyration (Rg), molecular surface area (MolSA), and polar surface area (PSA) validation results for these three compounds were likewise encouraging. The convenient binding energies across the 100 numbers binding period were discovered by using molecular mechanics of generalized born and surface (MM/GBSA) to estimate the ligand-binding free energies to the protein receptor. All things considered, the information points to a greater likelihood of chemicals found in Euphorbia neriifolia binding to the SARS-CoV-2 ACE2 active site. To determine these lead compounds' anti-SARS-CoV-2 potential, in vitro and in vivo studies should be conducted. How to cite this article Islam MN, Pramanik MEA, Hossain MA, et al. Identification of Leading Compounds from Euphorbia Neriifolia (Dudsor) Extracts as a Potential Inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 ACE2-RBDS1 Receptor Complex: An Insight from Molecular Docking ADMET Profiling and MD-simulation Studies. Euroasian J Hepato-Gastroenterol 2023;13(2):89-107.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Nur Islam
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Md Enayet Ali Pramanik
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing, People's Republic of China; On-Farm Research Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Md Arju Hossain
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Santosh, Tangail, Bangladesh
| | - Md Hasanur Rahman
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Life Sciences, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University (BSMRSTU), Gopalganj, Bangladesh
| | - Md Sahadot Hossen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh
| | - Md Ashraful Islam
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Istiak Ahmed
- Department of Surgery, Rajshahi Medical College Hospital, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | | | - Md Jawadul Haque
- Department of Community Medicine, Rajshahi Medical College, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - AKM Monoarul Islam
- Department of Nephrology, Rajshahi Medical College, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Md Nowshad Ali
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Rajshahi Medical College, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | | | - Md Enamul Haque
- Department of Ortho-Surgery, Rajshahi Medical College, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Md Munzur Rahman
- Department of Ortho-Surgery, Rajshahi Medical College, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Md Sharif Hasan
- Department of Cardiology, Mymensingh Medical College Hospital, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | | | - Md Mamun Kabir
- Department of Medicine, Rajshahi Medical College, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | | | | | - Md Shafiqul Islam
- Department of Gastroenterology, Rajshahi Medical College, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Md Rashedur Rahman
- Department of Agronomy, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | | | - Ashik Mosaddik
- Director, Center for Interdisciplinary Research, Varendra University, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Humayra Haque
- Department of Anaesthesia, Analgesia & Intensive Care Unit, Chattogram Medical College, Chattogram, Bangladesh
| | - Fahmida Fahmin
- Department of Paediatric, Mymensingh Medical College Hospital, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | | | - Md Manzurul Islam
- Director, Prime Minister Office and Private Secretary of Economic Advisor to the Hon'ble Prime Minister of Bangladesh, Prime Minister's Office, Tejgaon, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Chandrima Emtia
- Laboratory of Systems Ecology, Faculty of Agriculture, Saga University, Honjo, Saga, Japan
| | - Md Royhan Gofur
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Aiping Liang
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing, People's Republic of China; On-Farm Research Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Sheikh Mohammad Fazle Akbar
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine; Research Center for Global and Local Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Oita; Miyakawa Memorial Research Foundation, Tokyo, Japan
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17
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Smolic M, Dawood R, Salum G, Abd El Meguid M, Omran M, Smolic R. Therapeutic Interventions for COVID-19. POST COVID-19 - EFFECTS ON HUMAN HEALTH 2023. [DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.111543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2, a novel coronavirus, is currently represented a major public health concern. The high transmission rate of this virus increases the mortality rate worldwide. To date, significant efforts and restricted regulations were performed around the world to control this crisis effectively, but unfortunately, there is no specific and successful therapy for COVID-19. Many approaches have been repurposed for SARS-CoV-2 treatment such as antivirals and anti-inflammatories. Furthermore, antibody therapies are one of the main and important approaches of SARS-CoV-2 infection treatment. In recent trials, various immunotherapeutic interventions such as convalescent plasma therapy and monoclonal antibodies, as well as immunomodulatory agents are being proposed. However, the development of a vaccine that provides durable protective immunity will be the most effective therapy for controlling possible epidemics of this virus. The current review summarized all the proposed therapeutic approaches together with information on their safety and efficacy in treating COVID-19, as well as the vaccine candidates. The provided comprehensive information regarding the applied therapeutic strategies against COVID-19 might help the scientific community in any progress toward the treatment of COVID-19 infection.
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18
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Muntner P, Foti K, Wang Z, Alanaeme CJ, Choi E, Bress AP, Shimbo D, Kronish I. Discontinuation of Renin-Angiotensin System Inhibitors During the Early Stage of the COVID-19 Pandemic. Am J Hypertens 2023; 36:404-410. [PMID: 36960855 PMCID: PMC10267613 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpad027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In March and April 2020, medical societies published statements recommending continued use of renin-angiotensin system (RAS) inhibitors despite theoretical concerns that these medications could increase COVID-19 severity. Determining if patients discontinued RAS inhibitors during the COVID-19 pandemic could inform responses to future public health emergencies. METHODS We analyzed claims data from US adults with health insurance in the Marketscan database. We identified patients who filled a RAS inhibitor and were persistent, defined by not having a ≥30-day gap without medication available, and high adherence, defined by having medication available on ≥80% of days, from March 2019 to February 2020. Among these patients, we estimated the proportion who discontinued their RAS inhibitor (i.e., had ≥30 consecutive days without a RAS inhibitor available to take) between March and August 2020. For comparison, we estimated the proportion of patients that discontinued a RAS inhibitor between March and August 2019 after being persistent with high adherence from March 2018 to February 2019. RESULTS Among 816,380 adults who were persistent and adherent to a RAS inhibitor from March 2019 to February 2020, 10.8% discontinued this medication between March and August 2020. Among 822,873 adults who were persistent and adherent to a RAS inhibitor from March 2018 to February 2019, 11.7% discontinued this medication between March and August 2019. The multivariable-adjusted relative risk for RAS inhibitor discontinuation in 2020 vs. 2019 was 0.94 (95% CI 0.93-0.95). CONCLUSIONS There was no evidence of an increase in RAS inhibitor discontinuation during the early stage of the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Muntner
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Kathryn Foti
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Zhixin Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Chibuike J Alanaeme
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Eunhee Choi
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Adam P Bress
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Daichi Shimbo
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ian Kronish
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
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Afewerki S, Stocco TD, Rosa da Silva AD, Aguiar Furtado AS, Fernandes de Sousa G, Ruiz-Esparza GU, Webster TJ, Marciano FR, Strømme M, Zhang YS, Lobo AO. In vitro high-content tissue models to address precision medicine challenges. Mol Aspects Med 2023; 91:101108. [PMID: 35987701 PMCID: PMC9384546 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2022.101108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The field of precision medicine allows for tailor-made treatments specific to a patient and thereby improve the efficiency and accuracy of disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment and at the same time would reduce the cost, redundant treatment, and side effects of current treatments. Here, the combination of organ-on-a-chip and bioprinting into engineering high-content in vitro tissue models is envisioned to address some precision medicine challenges. This strategy could be employed to tackle the current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which has made a significant impact and paradigm shift in our society. Nevertheless, despite that vaccines against COVID-19 have been successfully developed and vaccination programs are already being deployed worldwide, it will likely require some time before it is available to everyone. Furthermore, there are still some uncertainties and lack of a full understanding of the virus as demonstrated in the high number new mutations arising worldwide and reinfections of already vaccinated individuals. To this end, efficient diagnostic tools and treatments are still urgently needed. In this context, the convergence of bioprinting and organ-on-a-chip technologies, either used alone or in combination, could possibly function as a prominent tool in addressing the current pandemic. This could enable facile advances of important tools, diagnostics, and better physiologically representative in vitro models specific to individuals allowing for faster and more accurate screening of therapeutics evaluating their efficacy and toxicity. This review will cover such technological advances and highlight what is needed for the field to mature for tackling the various needs for current and future pandemics as well as their relevancy towards precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samson Afewerki
- Division of Nanotechnology and Functional Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, BOX 35, 751 03, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Thiago Domingues Stocco
- Bioengineering Program, Technological and Scientific Institute, Brazil University, 08230-030, São Paulo, SP, Brazil,Faculty of Medical Sciences, Unicamp - State University of Campinas, 13083-877, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | | | - André Sales Aguiar Furtado
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory for Advanced Materials, BioMatLab, Department of Materials Engineering, Federal University of Piauí (UFPI), Teresina, PI, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Fernandes de Sousa
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory for Advanced Materials, BioMatLab, Department of Materials Engineering, Federal University of Piauí (UFPI), Teresina, PI, Brazil
| | - Guillermo U. Ruiz-Esparza
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, USA,Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Harvard University ‑ Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Thomas J. Webster
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory for Advanced Materials, BioMatLab, Department of Materials Engineering, Federal University of Piauí (UFPI), Teresina, PI, Brazil,Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China
| | | | - Maria Strømme
- Division of Nanotechnology and Functional Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, BOX 35, 751 03, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Yu Shrike Zhang
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, USA; Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Harvard University ‑ Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Anderson Oliveira Lobo
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory for Advanced Materials, BioMatLab, Department of Materials Engineering, Federal University of Piauí (UFPI), Teresina, PI, Brazil.
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20
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Usha Rani K, Gulam Mohammed H, Satyanarayana Singh S, Sandeepta B. Molecular docking and in vitro analysis of peptides from Stolephorus indicus with ACE2. Bioinformation 2023; 19:531-535. [PMID: 37886156 PMCID: PMC10599664 DOI: 10.6026/97320630019531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Peptides from Stolephorus indicus (Anchovies) meat lysate were generated using a Bacillus subtilis cysteine protease. The peptides were generated by enzyme hydrolysis after which the hydrolysate containing peptides were analysed by LC-MS/MS. Computer aided analysis of peptides using CASTp server and GOLD software show four peptides having ACE2 inhibitory activity. Further, peptides 1 (8 amino acids), 2 (8 amino acid), 5 (9 amino acids) and 11 (12 amino acids) showed good docking features for binding to ACE2 enzyme active sites, mainly by hydrogen bonding. Peptide 1 (8 amino acids-octa-peptide) having the highest docking score was tested in vitro for ACE2 binding and showed up to 40 % inhibition of ACE2 activity at a concentration of 10mM. Hence, this octa-peptide has a potential role in applications involving ACE2 inhibition thereby leading to the prevention of binding of spike glycoprotein to ACE2 receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Husain Gulam Mohammed
- National Research Institute of Unani Medicine for Skin
Disorders, Ministry of AYUSH, Government of India, Hyderabad - 500038
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21
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Swiderski J, Gadanec LK, Apostolopoulos V, Moore GJ, Kelaidonis K, Matsoukas JM, Zulli A. Role of Angiotensin II in Cardiovascular Diseases: Introducing Bisartans as a Novel Therapy for Coronavirus 2019. Biomolecules 2023; 13:787. [PMID: 37238657 PMCID: PMC10216788 DOI: 10.3390/biom13050787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the main contributors to global morbidity and mortality. Major pathogenic phenotypes of CVDs include the development of endothelial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and hyper-inflammatory responses. These phenotypes have been found to overlap with the pathophysiological complications of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). CVDs have been identified as major risk factors for severe and fatal COVID-19 states. The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is an important regulatory system in cardiovascular homeostasis. However, its dysregulation is observed in CVDs, where upregulation of angiotensin type 1 receptor (AT1R) signaling via angiotensin II (AngII) leads to the AngII-dependent pathogenic development of CVDs. Additionally, the interaction between the spike protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 with angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 leads to the downregulation of the latter, resulting in the dysregulation of the RAS. This dysregulation favors AngII/AT1R toxic signaling pathways, providing a mechanical link between cardiovascular pathology and COVID-19. Therefore, inhibiting AngII/AT1R signaling through angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) has been indicated as a promising therapeutic approach to the treatment of COVID-19. Herein, we review the role of AngII in CVDs and its upregulation in COVID-19. We also provide a future direction for the potential implication of a novel class of ARBs called bisartans, which are speculated to contain multifunctional targeting towards COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Swiderski
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 3030, Australia; (J.S.); (L.K.G.); (V.A.)
| | - Laura Kate Gadanec
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 3030, Australia; (J.S.); (L.K.G.); (V.A.)
| | - Vasso Apostolopoulos
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 3030, Australia; (J.S.); (L.K.G.); (V.A.)
- Immunology Program, Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science, Melbourne, VIC 3021, Australia
| | - Graham J. Moore
- Pepmetics Incorporated, 772 Murphy Place, Victoria, BC V8Y 3H4, Canada;
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | | | - John M. Matsoukas
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 3030, Australia; (J.S.); (L.K.G.); (V.A.)
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
- NewDrug PC, Patras Science Park, 26500 Patras, Greece;
- Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Anthony Zulli
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 3030, Australia; (J.S.); (L.K.G.); (V.A.)
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22
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COVID-19 therapeutics: Clinical application of repurposed drugs and futuristic strategies for target-based drug discovery. Genes Dis 2023; 10:1402-1428. [PMCID: PMC10079314 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2022.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes the complicated disease COVID-19. Clinicians are continuously facing huge problems in the treatment of patients, as COVID-19-specific drugs are not available hence the principle of drug repurposing serves as a one-and-only hope. Globally, the repurposing of many drugs is underway; few of them are already approved by the regulatory bodies for their clinical use and most of them are in different phases of clinical trials. Here in this review, our main aim is to discuss in detail the up-to-date information on the target-based pharmacological classification of repurposed drugs, the potential mechanism of actions, and the current clinical trial status of various drugs which are under repurposing since early 2020. At last, we briefly proposed the probable pharmacological and therapeutic drug targets that may be preferred as a futuristic drug discovery approach in the development of effective medicines.
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23
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Rothlin RP, Pelorosso FG, Duarte M, Nicolosi L, Ignacio FC, Salgado MV, Vetulli H. Telmisartan and losartan: The marked differences between their chemical and pharmacological properties may explain the difference in therapeutic efficacy in hospitalized patients with COVID-19. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2023; 11:e01083. [PMID: 37038324 PMCID: PMC10086312 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.1083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rodolfo Pedro Rothlin
- Sociedad Argentina de Farmacología Clínica, Asociación Médica Argentina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Facundo Germán Pelorosso
- Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital de Alta Complejidad El Calafate SAMIC, Santa Cruz, Argentina
| | - Mariano Duarte
- Laboratorio de Hipertensión, División de Cardiología, Hospital de Clínicas "José de San Martín", Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Segunda Cátedra de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Liliana Nicolosi
- División de Cardiología, Hospital Español de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fernandez Criado Ignacio
- Sección de Tecnología Educativa e Informática Médica, Hospital de Clínicas "José de San Martín", Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Victoria Salgado
- Centro de Estudios de Estado y Sociedad, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Servicio de Medicina Familiar, Hospital de Alta Complejidad El Calafate SAMIC, Santa Cruz, Argentina
| | - Héctor Vetulli
- Servicio de Electrofisiología Cardíaca, Arritmias y Marcapasos, Sanatorio Otamendi y Miroli, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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24
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Musavi H, Abazari O, Barartabar Z, Kalaki-Jouybari F, Hemmati-Dinarvand M, Esmaeili P, Mahjoub S. The benefits of Vitamin D in the COVID-19 pandemic: biochemical and immunological mechanisms. Arch Physiol Biochem 2023; 129:354-362. [PMID: 33030073 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2020.1826530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In December 2019, a new infectious complication called CoronaVirus Infectious Disease-19, briefly COVID-19, caused by SARS-COV-2, is identified in Wuhan, China. It spread all over the world and became a pandemic. In many individuals who had suffered SARS-COV-2 infection, cytokine storm starts through cytokine overproduction and leads to Acute Respiratory Syndrome (ARS), organ failure, and death. According to the obtained evidence, Vitamin D (VitD) enhances the ACE2/Ang(1-7)/MasR pathway activity, and it also reduces cytokine storms and the ARS risk. Therefore, VitD intake may be beneficial for patients with SARS-COV-2 infection exposed to cytokine storm but do not suffer hypotension. In the present review, we have explained the effects of VitD on the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) function and angiotensin-converting enzyme2 (ACE2) expression. Furthermore, we have reviewed the biochemical and immunological effects of VitD on immune function in the underlying diseases and its role in the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadis Musavi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Omid Abazari
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Zeinab Barartabar
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Hamedan University of Medical Sciences, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Kalaki-Jouybari
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Mohsen Hemmati-Dinarvand
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Parisa Esmaeili
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Soleiman Mahjoub
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
- Department of Pathology, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
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25
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Palakkott AR, Alneyadi A, Muhammad K, Eid AH, Amiri KMA, Akli Ayoub M, Iratni R. The SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Activates the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor-Mediated Signaling. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:768. [PMID: 37112680 PMCID: PMC10141239 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11040768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic is caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). At the molecular and cellular levels, the SARS-CoV-2 uses its envelope glycoprotein, the spike S protein, to infect the target cells in the lungs via binding with their transmembrane receptor, the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). Here, we wanted to investigate if other molecular targets and pathways may be used by SARS-CoV-2. We investigated the possibility of the spike 1 S protein and its receptor-binding domain (RBD) to target the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and its downstream signaling pathway in vitro using the lung cancer cell line (A549 cells). Protein expression and phosphorylation were examined upon cell treatment with the recombinant full spike 1 S protein or RBD. We demonstrate for the first time the activation of EGFR by the Spike 1 protein associated with the phosphorylation of the canonical Extracellular signal-regulated kinase1/2 (ERK1/2) and AKT kinases and an increase in survivin expression controlling the survival pathway. Our study suggests the putative implication of EGFR and its related signaling pathways in SARS-CoV-2 infectivity and COVID-19 pathology. This may open new perspectives in the treatment of COVID-19 patients by targeting EGFR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Rasheed Palakkott
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Aysha Alneyadi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Khalid Muhammad
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ali Hussein Eid
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
| | - Khaled M. A. Amiri
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
- Khalifa Center for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohammed Akli Ayoub
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rabah Iratni
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
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26
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Gattinger P, Ohradanova-Repic A, Valenta R. Importance, Applications and Features of Assays Measuring SARS-CoV-2 Neutralizing Antibodies. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065352. [PMID: 36982424 PMCID: PMC10048970 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
More than three years ago, the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) caused the unforeseen COVID-19 pandemic with millions of deaths. In the meantime, SARS-CoV-2 has become endemic and is now part of the repertoire of viruses causing seasonal severe respiratory infections. Due to several factors, among them the development of SARS-CoV-2 immunity through natural infection, vaccination and the current dominance of seemingly less pathogenic strains belonging to the omicron lineage, the COVID-19 situation has stabilized. However, several challenges remain and the possible new occurrence of highly pathogenic variants remains a threat. Here we review the development, features and importance of assays measuring SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies (NAbs). In particular we focus on in vitro infection assays and molecular interaction assays studying the binding of the receptor binding domain (RBD) with its cognate cellular receptor ACE2. These assays, but not the measurement of SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies per se, can inform us of whether antibodies produced by convalescent or vaccinated subjects may protect against the infection and thus have the potential to predict the risk of becoming newly infected. This information is extremely important given the fact that a considerable number of subjects, in particular vulnerable persons, respond poorly to the vaccination with the production of neutralizing antibodies. Furthermore, these assays allow to determine and evaluate the virus-neutralizing capacity of antibodies induced by vaccines and administration of plasma-, immunoglobulin preparations, monoclonal antibodies, ACE2 variants or synthetic compounds to be used for therapy of COVID-19 and assist in the preclinical evaluation of vaccines. Both types of assays can be relatively quickly adapted to newly emerging virus variants to inform us about the magnitude of cross-neutralization, which may even allow us to estimate the risk of becoming infected by newly appearing virus variants. Given the paramount importance of the infection and interaction assays we discuss their specific features, possible advantages and disadvantages, technical aspects and not yet fully resolved issues, such as cut-off levels predicting the degree of in vivo protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pia Gattinger
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Anna Ohradanova-Repic
- Institute for Hygiene and Applied Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Rudolf Valenta
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Karl Landsteiner University, 3500 Krems an der Donau, Austria
- Laboratory for Immunopathology, Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119435 Moscow, Russia
- NRC Institute of Immunology FMBA of Russia, 115478 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence:
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27
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Mukherjee AG, Wanjari UR, Gopalakrishnan AV, Kannampuzha S, Murali R, Namachivayam A, Ganesan R, Renu K, Dey A, Vellingiri B, Prabakaran DS. Insights into the Scenario of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Male Reproductive Toxicity. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11030510. [PMID: 36992094 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11030510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 has become a significant public health concern that has catastrophic consequences for society. Some preliminary evidence suggests that the male reproductive system may be an infection target for SARS-CoV-2. SARS-CoV-2 may be transmitted sexually, according to preliminary research. Testicular cells exhibit a high level of the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor, which enhances the entry of the SARS-CoV-2 into host cells. Some instances of COVID-19 have been documented to exhibit hypogonadism during the acute stage. Furthermore, systemic inflammatory reactions triggered by SARS-CoV-2 infection may cause oxidative stress (OS), which has been shown to have profoundly deleterious consequences on testicular functioning. This work gives a clear picture of how COVID-19 may affect male reproductive systems and calls attention to the many unanswered questions about the mechanisms by which this virus can be linked to men’s health and fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anirban Goutam Mukherjee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, India
| | - Uddesh Ramesh Wanjari
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, India
| | - Abilash Valsala Gopalakrishnan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, India
| | - Sandra Kannampuzha
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, India
| | - Reshma Murali
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, India
| | - Arunraj Namachivayam
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, India
| | - Raja Ganesan
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Diseases, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24253, Republic of Korea
| | - Kaviyarasi Renu
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, India
| | - Abhijit Dey
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata 700073, India
| | - Balachandar Vellingiri
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine/Translational Research, Department of Zoology, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab (CUPB), Bathinda 151401, India
| | - D S Prabakaran
- Department of Radiation Oncology, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Chungdae-ro 1 Seowon-gu, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biotechnology, Ayya Nadar Janaki Ammal College (Autonomous), Srivilliputhur Main Road, Sivakasi 626124, India
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28
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Liu Q, Fu W, Zhu CJ, Ding ZH, Dong BB, Sun BQ, Chen RC. Effect of continuing the use of renin-angiotensin system inhibitors on mortality in patients hospitalized for coronavirus disease 2019: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression analysis. BMC Infect Dis 2023; 23:53. [PMID: 36694122 PMCID: PMC9872739 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-023-07994-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs)/angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) on mortality was preliminarily explored through the comparison of ACEIs/ARBs with non-ACEIs/ARBs in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Reaching a conclusion on whether previous ACEI/ARB treatment should be continued in view of the different ACE2 levels in the comparison groups was not unimpeachable. Therefore, this study aimed to further elucidate the effect of ACEI/ARB continuation on hospital mortality, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) in the same patient population. METHODS We searched PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Ovid, and Embase for relevant articles published between December 1, 2019 and April 30, 2022. Continuation of ACEI/ARB use after hospitalization due to COVID-19 was considered as an exposure and discontinuation of ACEI/ARB considered as a control. The primary outcome was hospital mortality, and the secondary outcomes included 30-day mortality, rate of ICU admission, IMV, and other clinical outcomes. RESULTS Seven observational studies and four randomized controlled trials involving 2823 patients were included. The pooled hospital mortality in the continuation group (13.04%, 158/1212) was significantly lower than that (22.15%, 278/1255) in the discontinuation group (risk ratio [RR] = 0.45; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.28-0.72; P = 0.001). Continuation of ACEI/ARB use was associated with lower rates of ICU admission (10.5% versus 16.2%, RR = 0.63; 95% CI 0.5-0.79; P < 0.0001) and IMV (8.2% versus 12.5%, RR = 0.62; 95% CI 0.46-0.83, P = 0.001). Nevertheless, the effect was mainly demonstrated in the observational study subgroup (P < 0.05). Continuing ACEI/ARB had no significant effect on 30-day mortality (P = 0.34), acute myocardial infarction (P = 0.08), heart failure (P = 0.82), and acute kidney injury after hospitalization (P = 0.98). CONCLUSION Previous ACEI/ARB treatment could be continued since it was associated with lower hospital deaths, ICU admission, and IMV in patients with COVID-19, although the benefits of continuing use were mainly shown in observational studies. More evidence from multicenter RCTs are still needed to increase the robustness of the data. Trial registration PROSPERO (CRD42022341169). Registered 27 June 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Liu
- grid.412633.10000 0004 1799 0733Translational Medicine Center, Emergency Intensive Care Ward, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1st Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052 Henan People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Fu
- grid.470124.4State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 151st Yanjiang Road, Guangzhou, 510120 Guangdong People’s Republic of China
| | - Chang-ju Zhu
- grid.412633.10000 0004 1799 0733Department of Emergency Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 Henan People’s Republic of China
| | - Zi-heng Ding
- grid.412633.10000 0004 1799 0733Translational Medicine Center, Emergency Intensive Care Ward, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1st Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052 Henan People’s Republic of China
| | - Bin-bin Dong
- grid.412633.10000 0004 1799 0733Translational Medicine Center, Emergency Intensive Care Ward, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1st Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052 Henan People’s Republic of China
| | - Bao-qing Sun
- grid.470124.4State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 151st Yanjiang Road, Guangzhou, 510120 Guangdong People’s Republic of China
| | - Rong-chang Chen
- grid.470124.4State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 151st Yanjiang Road, Guangzhou, 510120 Guangdong People’s Republic of China ,grid.440218.b0000 0004 1759 7210Department of Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, 518020 Guangdong People’s Republic of China
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Özkan F, Öztürk M, Ödek Ö, Savaş M. Chronic Disease and Other Determinants in Deaths Due to COVID-19 From a Health Protection and Promotion Perspective: A Retrospective Analysis. Disaster Med Public Health Prep 2023; 17:e325. [PMID: 36600492 PMCID: PMC9947045 DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2022.308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the age, gender, and chronic disease status of patients who died due to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) during the pandemic process and the effects of these diseases on their deaths. METHODS It was a retrospective retrospective analysis with 2715 patients. The statistics of the patients who met the research criteria were evaluated from the hospital database. Patients were evaluated in terms of age, gender, length of hospital stay, presence of chronic disease, and Modified Comorbidity Index Scores. RESULTS It was determined that the Modified Charlson Comorbidity Index (MCCI) score mean of the patients was 4.74 ± 2.07 and MCCI scores of 56.9% were serious. There was a statistically significant difference in the length of hospital stay according to the number of diseases the patient had, age, and MCCI score. It was determined that there was a statistically significant, negative and high-level correlation between MCCI score and the length of hospital stay (r = -0.075: P = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Age, comorbidity score, and the number of comorbidities were found to affect the length of hospital stay, ie death. For this reason, it is recommended to use comorbidity indices in health protection and development studies, in the field, as well as in the clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filiz Özkan
- Erciyes University Faculty of Health Sciences, TalasTurkey
- Corresponding author: Filiz Özkan,
| | | | - Ömer Ödek
- Kayseri City Training and Research Hospital, Turkey
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Afaghi S, Moghimi N, Malekpour Alamdari N, Rahimi FS, Irilouzadian R, Esmaeili Tarki F, Moghimi M, Besharat S, Salehi Omran H, Karimi A. N-acetylcysteine as adjuvant therapy for hospitalized Covid-19 patients: A single-center prospective cohort study. CASPIAN JOURNAL OF INTERNAL MEDICINE 2023; 14:543-552. [PMID: 37520878 PMCID: PMC10379801 DOI: 10.22088/cjim.14.3.553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Background Whilst over two years have passed since the COVID-19 pandemic's emergence, the proper management of the disease remains challenging. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) as a potentially effective therapeutic option has been suggested by studies, while the exact clinical role of this agent is yet to be evaluated. Methods This prospective case-control study was conducted in a major referral respiratory center in Tehran, Iran. We enrolled 217 patients treated with an intravenous daily dose of 1500 mg NAC as a case group; and 245 control patients who did not receive NAC. Two groups were matched based on other treatments, socio-demographics, medical history, and comorbidities. Results After ten days of adjuvant therapy with NAC, patients in the NAC group and control group had median room-air SpO2 of 91% and 88%, respectively (P=0.02). Also, the SpO2 to FiO2 ratio had a median of 463 and 421 in the case and control groups, respectively (P=0.01). Furthermore, the case group's hospitalization period was three days shorter (P=0.002). Further, cough, dyspnea, and decreased appetite were reported to have a significantly lower incidence in the case group (P=0.03, 0.001, 0.008). Conclusion We showed that a daily intravenous dose of NAC in hospitalized COVID-19 patients could shorten the hospital stay and improve some clinical symptoms; however, it does not remarkably improve the risk of ICU admission and the 28 days in-hospital mortality rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siamak Afaghi
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Shahid Modarres Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- : Co-first authors co-equally contributed to this study
| | - Negin Moghimi
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Shahid Modarres Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- : Co-first authors co-equally contributed to this study
| | - Nasser Malekpour Alamdari
- Clinical Research and Development Center, Department of Surgery, Shahid Modarres Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Sadat Rahimi
- Clinical Research and Development Center, Department of Surgery, Shahid Modarres Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rana Irilouzadian
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Shahid Modarres Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzad Esmaeili Tarki
- Clinical Research and Development Center, Department of Surgery, Shahid Modarres Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Morvarid Moghimi
- School of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Besharat
- Department of Radiology, Shahid Labafi Nejad Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Salehi Omran
- Clinical Research and Development Center, Department of Surgery, Shahid Modarres Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Anita Karimi
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Shahid Modarres Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Moeinzadeh F, Mortazavi M, Shahidi S, Mansourian M, Yazdani A, Zamani Z, Seirafian S. Chronic Kidney Disease and COVID-19 Infection: A Case-Control Study. Adv Biomed Res 2022; 11:112. [PMID: 36798912 PMCID: PMC9926033 DOI: 10.4103/abr.abr_203_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To organize efforts to manage the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), it is necessary to understand which groups are at higher risk of infection. Kidney disease seems to be substantial in COVID-19 patients, but there are limited data on COVID-19 incidence and fatality among chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. In this study, we intend to examine the association between CKD and susceptibility to COVID-19 infection. Materials and Methods Participants were selected from those recruited in a population-based cross-sectional survey of CKD prevalence and associated risk factors in Iranian people 18 years and older. A three-part questionnaire was used for COVID-19 infection clinical symptoms and epidemiologic and hospitalization data. Results A total of 962 individuals including 403 CKD patients and 559 healthy controls were recruited in this study. Healthy controls were suffering more from common cold signs, cough, fever, sore throat, headache, anosmia, dyspnea, and abdominal pain (all P < 0.05). Furthermore, the number of healthy individuals with myalgia was marginally higher compared to the CKD patients (P = 0.057). Data regarding the number of CKD patients with/without COVID-19 infection throughout different CKD stages revealed that there was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of COVID-19 infection in different stages of CKD (P = 0.956). Conclusion We found that some of the clinical presentations of COVID-19 including common cold symptoms, cough, fever, sore throat, headache, anosmia, dyspnea, and abdominal pain were higher among healthy individuals compared to the CKD group. On the other hand, the susceptibility to COVID-19 infection was not significantly different in various early stages of CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Firouzeh Moeinzadeh
- Isfahan Kidney Diseases Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran,Address for correspondence: Dr. Firouzeh Moeinzadeh, Department of Internal Medicine, Isfahan Kidney Diseases Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. E-mail:
| | - Mojgan Mortazavi
- Isfahan Kidney Diseases Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Shahrzad Shahidi
- Isfahan Kidney Diseases Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Marjan Mansourian
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatics, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Akram Yazdani
- Department of Biostatics and Public Health, Faculty of Health, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Zahra Zamani
- Isfahan Kidney Diseases Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Shiva Seirafian
- Isfahan Kidney Diseases Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Maleksabet H, Rezaee E, Tabatabai SA. Host-Cell Surface Binding Targets in SARS-CoV-2 for Drug Design. Curr Pharm Des 2022; 28:3583-3591. [PMID: 36420875 DOI: 10.2174/1381612829666221123111849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The ongoing pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) became a major public health threat to all countries worldwide. SARS-CoV-2 interactions with its receptor are the first step in the invasion of the host cell. The coronavirus spike protein (S) is crucial in binding to receptors on host cells. Additionally, targeting the SARS-CoV-2 viral receptors is considered a therapeutic option in this regard. In this review of literature, we summarized five potential host cell receptors, as host-cell surface bindings, including angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), neuropilin 1 (NRP-1), dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4), glucose regulated protein-78 (GRP78), and cluster of differentiation 147 (CD147) related to the SARS-CoV-2 infection. Among these targets, ACE2 was recognized as the main SARS-CoV-2 receptor, expressed at a low/moderate level in the human respiratory system, which is also involved in SARS-CoV-2 entrance, so the virus may utilize other secondary receptors. Besides ACE2, CD147 was discovered as a novel SARS-CoV-2 receptor, CD147 appears to be an alternate receptor for SARSCoV- 2 infection. NRP-1, as a single-transmembrane glycoprotein, has been recently found to operate as an entrance factor and enhance SARS Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection under in-vitro. DPP4, which was discovered as the first gene clustered with ACE2, may serve as a potential SARS-CoV-2 spike protein binding target. GRP78 could be recognized as a secondary receptor for SARS-CoV-2 because it is widely expressed at substantially greater levels, rather than ACE2, in bronchial epithelial cells and the respiratory mucosa. This review highlights recent literature on this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanieh Maleksabet
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Rezaee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sayyed Abbas Tabatabai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Sun H, Du Y, Kumar R, Buchkovich N, He P. Increased circulating microparticles contribute to severe infection and adverse outcomes of COVID-19 in patients with diabetes. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2022; 323:H1176-H1193. [PMID: 36269646 PMCID: PMC9678425 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00409.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Patients with diabetes infected with COVID-19 have greater mortality than those without comorbidities, but the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. This study aims to identify the mechanistic interactions between diabetes and severe COVID-19. Microparticles (MPs), the cell membrane-derived vesicles released on cell activation, are largely increased in patients with diabetes. To date, many mechanisms have been postulated for increased severity of COVID-19 in patients with underlying conditions, but the contributions of excessive MPs in patients with diabetes have been overlooked. This study characterizes plasma MPs from normal human subjects and patients with type 2 diabetes in terms of amount, cell origins, surface adhesive properties, ACE2 expression, spike protein binding capacity, and their roles in SARS-CoV-2 infection. Results showed that over 90% of plasma MPs express ACE2 that binds the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2. MPs in patients with diabetes increase 13-fold in quantity and 11-fold in adhesiveness when compared with normal subjects. Perfusion of human plasma with pseudo-typed SARS-CoV-2 virus or spike protein-bound MPs into human endothelial cell-formed microvessels-on-a chip demonstrated that MPs from patients with diabetes, not normal subjects, interact with endothelium and carry SARS-CoV-2 into cells through endocytosis, providing additional virus entry pathways and enhanced infection. Results also showed a large percentage of platelet-derived tissue factor-bearing MPs in diabetic plasma, which could contribute to thrombotic complications with SARS-CoV-2 infection. This study reveals a dual role of diabetic MPs in promoting SARS-CoV-2 entry and propagating vascular inflammation. These findings provide novel mechanistic insight into the high prevalence of COVID-19 in patients with diabetes and their propensity to develop severe vascular complications.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study provides the first evidence that over 90% of human plasma microparticles express ACE2 that binds SARS-CoV-2 S protein with high affinity. Thus, the highly elevated adhesive circulating microparticles identified in patients with diabetes not only have greater SARS-CoV-2 binding capacity but also enable additional viral entry through virus-bound microparticle-endothelium interactions and enhanced infection. These findings reveal a novel mechanistic insight into the adverse outcomes of COVID-19 in patients with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyu Sun
- 1Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Yong Du
- 1Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Rinki Kumar
- 2Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Nicholas Buchkovich
- 2Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Pingnian He
- 1Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania
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Ghosh A, Ghosh B, Parihar N, Ilaweibaphyrnai M, Panda SR, Alexander A, Chella N, Murty U, Naidu V, Kumar G J, Pemmaraju DB. Nutraceutical prospects of Houttuynia cordata against the infectious viruses. FOOD BIOSCI 2022; 50:101977. [PMID: 36059903 PMCID: PMC9423882 DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.101977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The novel enveloped β-coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) has offered a surprising health challenge all over the world. It develops severe pneumonia leading to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Like SARS-COV-2, other encapsulated viruses like HIV, HSV, and influenza have also offered a similar challenge in the past. In this regard, many antiviral drugs are being explored with varying degrees of success to combat the associated pathological conditions. Therefore, upon scientific validation & development, these antiviral phytochemicals can attain a futuristic nutraceutical prospect in managing different encapsulated viruses. Houttuynia cordata (HC) is widely reported for activities such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiviral properties. The major antiviral bioactive components of HC include essential oils (methyl n-nonyl ketone, lauryl aldehyde, capryl aldehyde), flavonoids (quercetin, rutin, hyperin, quercitrin, isoquercitrin), and alkaloids (norcepharadione B) & polysaccharides. HC can further be explored as a potential nutraceutical agent in the therapy of encapsulated viruses like HIV, HSV, and influenza. The review listed various conventional and green technologies that are being employed to extract potent phytochemicals with diverse activities from the HC. It was indicated that HC also inhibited molecular targets like 3C-like protease (3CLPRO) and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) of COVID-19 by blocking viral RNA synthesis and replication. Antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects of HC have been evident in impeding complications from marketed drugs during antiviral therapies. The use of HC as a nutraceutical is localized within some parts of Southeast Asia. Further technological advances can establish it as a nutraceutical-based functional food against pathogenic enveloped viruses like COVID 19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aparajita Ghosh
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Guwahati, Assam, 781101, India
| | - Bijoyani Ghosh
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Guwahati, Assam, 781101, India
| | - Nidhi Parihar
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Guwahati, Assam, 781101, India
| | - Myrthong Ilaweibaphyrnai
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Guwahati, Assam, 781101, India
| | - Samir R Panda
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Guwahati, Assam, 781101, India
| | - Amit Alexander
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Guwahati, Assam, 781101, India
| | - Naveen Chella
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Guwahati, Assam, 781101, India
| | - Usn Murty
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Guwahati, Assam, 781101, India
| | - Vgm Naidu
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Guwahati, Assam, 781101, India
| | - Jagadeesh Kumar G
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Guwahati, Assam, 781101, India
| | - Deepak B Pemmaraju
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Guwahati, Assam, 781101, India
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Giner-Soriano M, de Dios V, Ouchi D, Vilaplana-Carnerero C, Monteagudo M, Morros R. Outcomes of COVID-19 Infection in People Previously Vaccinated Against Influenza: Population-Based Cohort Study Using Primary Health Care Electronic Records. JMIR Public Health Surveill 2022; 8:e36712. [PMID: 36265160 PMCID: PMC9662290 DOI: 10.2196/36712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A possible link between influenza immunization and susceptibility to the complications of COVID-19 infection has been previously suggested owing to a boost in the immunity against SARS-CoV-2. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate whether individuals with COVID-19 could have benefited from vaccination against influenza. We hypothesized that the immunity resulting from the previous influenza vaccination would boost part of the immunity against SARS-CoV-2. METHODS We performed a population-based cohort study including all patients with COVID-19 with registered entries in the primary health care (PHC) electronic records during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic (March 1 to June 30, 2020) in Catalonia, Spain. We compared individuals who took an influenza vaccine before being infected with COVID-19, with those who had not taken one. Data were obtained from Information System for Research in Primary Care, capturing PHC information of 5.8 million people from Catalonia. The main outcomes assessed during follow-up were a diagnosis of pneumonia, hospital admission, and mortality. RESULTS We included 309,039 individuals with COVID-19 and compared them on the basis of their influenza immunization status, with 114,181 (36.9%) having been vaccinated at least once and 194,858 (63.1%) having never been vaccinated. In total, 21,721 (19%) vaccinated individuals and 11,000 (5.7%) unvaccinated individuals had at least one of their outcomes assessed. Those vaccinated against influenza at any time (odds ratio [OR] 1.14, 95% CI 1.10-1.19), recently (OR 1.13, 95% CI 1.10-1.18), or recurrently (OR 1.10, 95% CI 1.05-1.15) before being infected with COVID-19 had a higher risk of presenting at least one of the outcomes than did unvaccinated individuals. When we excluded people living in long-term care facilities, the results were similar. CONCLUSIONS We could not establish a protective role of the immunity conferred by the influenza vaccine on the outcomes of COVID-19 infection, as the risk of COVID-19 complications was higher in vaccinated than in unvaccinated individuals. Our results correspond to the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, where more complications and mortalities due to COVID-19 had occurred. Despite that, our study adds more evidence for the analysis of a possible link between the quality of immunity and COVID-19 outcomes, particularly in the PHC setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Giner-Soriano
- Fundació Institut Universitari per a la Recerca a l'Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain
| | - Vanessa de Dios
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medicines Area, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Dan Ouchi
- Fundació Institut Universitari per a la Recerca a l'Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain
| | - Carles Vilaplana-Carnerero
- Fundació Institut Universitari per a la Recerca a l'Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain
| | - Mònica Monteagudo
- Fundació Institut Universitari per a la Recerca a l'Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain
| | - Rosa Morros
- Fundació Institut Universitari per a la Recerca a l'Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain
- Plataforma Spanish Clinical Research Network, Unidad de Investigación Clínica, Fundació Institut Universitari per a la Recerca a l'Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol), Barcelona, Spain
- Institut Català de la Salut, Barcelona, Spain
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Ertaş K, Eryilmaz R, Yokuş A, Körpe K, Gedük N, Özkan M, Aslan R. Examining changes on testicular structure and sperm analysis of COVID-19 patients. Andrologia 2022; 54:e14609. [PMID: 36163628 PMCID: PMC9538576 DOI: 10.1111/and.14609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the testicular functions with sperm analysis of patients with COVID‐19. The study was carried out with male patients aged between 18 and 50 years with positive RT‐PCR test and SARS‐CoV‐2 virus between December 2020 and April 2021. A total of 103 participants were included in the study. The mean age was 31.24 ± 5.67 (19–45) years and the mean body mass index of the participants was 28.41 ± 4.68 kg/m2. The patients were divided into two groups, group‐1 was patients who had COVID‐19, group‐2 was healthy men. A semen analysis of both groups was performed, and the serum total testosterone, FSH, LH, anti‐mullerian hormone and Inhibin‐B tests were analysed and recorded. The testicular dimensions and testicular densities were examined by ultrasound and elastography for both groups. Comparing the patient and control groups results, this study found that the sperm count per 1 cc (p = 0.01) and total motility (p = 0.01) in group‐1 was lower than in the control group, the testicular dimensions decreased (for right testis group‐2 was 15.39 ± 4.78 ml versus group‐1 was 12.11 ± 4.62 cm3p < 0.01, for left testis group‐2 was 16.01 ± 5.12 versus group‐1 was 11.92 ± 4.78 cm3; p < 0.01), and the shear wave velocities were significantly higher in group‐1 patients. In conclusion, sperm parameters deteriorate in men who have symptomatic disease with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. The fact that the cause of this deterioration is characterized by changes at the cellular level in the testis raises doubts about the persistence of this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasım Ertaş
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Van Yuzuncu Yil University, Van, Turkey
| | - Recep Eryilmaz
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Van Yuzuncu Yil University, Van, Turkey
| | - Adem Yokuş
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Van Yuzuncu Yil University, Van, Turkey
| | - Kadir Körpe
- Department of Urology, University of Health Sciences, Van Training & Research Hospital, Van, Turkey
| | - Nurullah Gedük
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Van Yuzuncu Yil University, Van, Turkey
| | - Mazlum Özkan
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Van Yuzuncu Yil University, Van, Turkey
| | - Rahmi Aslan
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Van Yuzuncu Yil University, Van, Turkey
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Wang M, Chang W, Zhang L, Zhang Y. Pyroptotic cell death in SARS-CoV-2 infection: revealing its roles during the immunopathogenesis of COVID-19. Int J Biol Sci 2022; 18:5827-5848. [PMID: 36263178 PMCID: PMC9576507 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.77561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The rapid dissemination of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), remains a global public health emergency. The host immune response to SARS-CoV-2 plays a key role in COVID-19 pathogenesis. SARS-CoV-2 can induce aberrant and excessive immune responses, leading to cytokine storm syndrome, autoimmunity, lymphopenia, neutrophilia and dysfunction of monocytes and macrophages. Pyroptosis, a proinflammatory form of programmed cell death, acts as a host defense mechanism against infections. Pyroptosis deprives the replicative niche of SARS-CoV-2 by inducing the lysis of infected cells and exposing the virus to extracellular immune attack. Notably, SARS-CoV-2 has evolved sophisticated mechanisms to hijack this cell death mode for its own survival, propagation and shedding. SARS-CoV-2-encoded viral products act to modulate various key components in the pyroptosis pathways, including inflammasomes, caspases and gasdermins. SARS-CoV-2-induced pyroptosis contriubtes to the development of COVID-19-associated immunopathologies through leakage of intracellular contents, disruption of immune system homeostasis or exacerbation of inflammation. Therefore, pyroptosis has emerged as an important mechanism involved in COVID-19 immunopathogenesis. However, the entangled links between pyroptosis and SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis lack systematic clarification. In this review, we briefly summarize the characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19-related immunopathologies. Moreover, we present an overview of the interplay between SARS-CoV-2 infection and pyroptosis and highlight recent research advances in the understanding of the mechanisms responsible for the implication of the pyroptosis pathways in COVID-19 pathogenesis, which will provide informative inspirations and new directions for further investigation and clinical practice. Finally, we discuss the potential value of pyroptosis as a therapeutic target in COVID-19. An in-depth discussion of the underlying mechanisms of COVID-19 pathogenesis will be conducive to the identification of potential therapeutic targets and the exploration of effective treatment measures aimed at conquering SARS-CoV-2-induced COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Wang
- ✉ Corresponding author: Man Wang, Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, 38 Dengzhou Road, Qingdao 266021, China. Tel.: +86-532-82991791; E-mail address:
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Patten J, Keiser PT, Morselli-Gysi D, Menichetti G, Mori H, Donahue CJ, Gan X, Valle ID, Geoghegan-Barek K, Anantpadma M, Boytz R, Berrigan JL, Stubbs SH, Ayazika T, O’Leary C, Jalloh S, Wagner F, Ayehunie S, Elledge SJ, Anderson D, Loscalzo J, Zitnik M, Gummuluru S, Namchuk MN, Barabási AL, Davey RA. Identification of potent inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 infection by combined pharmacological evaluation and cellular network prioritization. iScience 2022; 25:104925. [PMID: 35992305 PMCID: PMC9374494 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Pharmacologically active compounds with known biological targets were evaluated for inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 infection in cell and tissue models to help identify potent classes of active small molecules and to better understand host-virus interactions. We evaluated 6,710 clinical and preclinical compounds targeting 2,183 host proteins by immunocytofluorescence-based screening to identify SARS-CoV-2 infection inhibitors. Computationally integrating relationships between small molecule structure, dose-response antiviral activity, host target, and cell interactome produced cellular networks important for infection. This analysis revealed 389 small molecules with micromolar to low nanomolar activities, representing >12 scaffold classes and 813 host targets. Representatives were evaluated for mechanism of action in stable and primary human cell models with SARS-CoV-2 variants and MERS-CoV. One promising candidate, obatoclax, significantly reduced SARS-CoV-2 viral lung load in mice. Ultimately, this work establishes a rigorous approach for future pharmacological and computational identification of host factor dependencies and treatments for viral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- J.J. Patten
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine and NEIDL, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Patrick T. Keiser
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine and NEIDL, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Deisy Morselli-Gysi
- Network Science Institute, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Giulia Menichetti
- Network Science Institute, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Hiroyuki Mori
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine and NEIDL, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Callie J. Donahue
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine and NEIDL, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Xiao Gan
- Network Science Institute, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Italo do Valle
- Network Science Institute, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kathleen Geoghegan-Barek
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine and NEIDL, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Manu Anantpadma
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine and NEIDL, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - RuthMabel Boytz
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine and NEIDL, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Jacob L. Berrigan
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine and NEIDL, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Sarah H. Stubbs
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine and NEIDL, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Tess Ayazika
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine and NEIDL, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Colin O’Leary
- Department of Genetics, Program in Virology, Harvard Medical School, Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sallieu Jalloh
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine and NEIDL, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Florence Wagner
- Center for the Development of Therapeutics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | | | - Stephen J. Elledge
- Department of Genetics, Program in Virology, Harvard Medical School, Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Deborah Anderson
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine and NEIDL, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Joseph Loscalzo
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Marinka Zitnik
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Suryaram Gummuluru
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine and NEIDL, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Mark N. Namchuk
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Albert-László Barabási
- Network Science Institute, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Network and Data Science, Central European University, Budapest 1051, Hungary
| | - Robert A. Davey
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine and NEIDL, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA
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Ioannou P, Spentzouri D, Konidaki M, Papapanagiotou M, Tzalis S, Akoumianakis I, Filippatos TD, Panagiotakis S, Kofteridis DP. COVID-19 in Older Individuals Requiring Hospitalization. Infect Dis Rep 2022; 14:686-693. [PMID: 36136824 PMCID: PMC9498435 DOI: 10.3390/idr14050074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Older individuals have an increased risk for severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and a higher risk for complications and death. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical characteristics of older patients admitted with COVID-19 and describe their outcomes. This was a retrospective cohort study of patients older than 65 years admitted to the COVID-19 Department of the University Hospital of Heraklion. Data recorded and evaluated included age, gender, Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) severity score, Charlson comorbidity index (CCI), high-flow nasal oxygen (HFNO) use, admission to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU), laboratory exams, treatment administered, and outcome. In total, 224 patients were evaluated in the present study. The median age was 75 years and 105 (46.9%) were female. In 50 patients (22.7%), HFNO was used and 23 (10.3%) were admitted to the ICU. Mortality was 13.4% (30 patients). Patients that died had higher age, were more likely to be male, had an IDSA severity score of 3, had prior HFNO use, had been admitted to the ICU, and were also more likely to have a higher white blood cell (WBC) count, CRP, ferritin, procalcitonin, d-dimers, and troponin. A multivariate logistic regression analysis identified age and the need for HFNO use to be independently positively associated with mortality. To conclude, COVID-19 carries significant mortality in hospitalized older patients, which increases with age, while the need for HFNO also increased the likelihood of worse outcomes. Clinicians caring for patients with COVID-19 should bear in mind these two factors. Future studies could elaborate on the effect of new variants on the dynamics of mortality in older patients.
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Premenopausal and postmenopausal women during the COVID-19 pandemic. PRZEGLAD MENOPAUZALNY = MENOPAUSE REVIEW 2022; 21:200-206. [PMID: 36254124 PMCID: PMC9551364 DOI: 10.5114/pm.2022.118695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The current global COVID-19 mortality rate is estimated to be around 3.4%; however, it is dependent on age, sex, and comorbidities. Epidemiological evidence shows gender disparities in COVID-19 severity and fatality, with non-menopausal females having milder severity and better outcomes than age-matched males. However, the difference vanishes when comparing postmenopausal women with age-matched men. It has been suggested that, to some extent, this is due to the protective role of female hormones, such as anti-Müllerian hormone and oestradiol (E2), in non-menopausal women. Oestrogens have been hypothesized to be crucial in modulating viral infection and the progression of the disease via an action on immune/inflammatory responses and angiotensin-converting enzyme type 2 expression. Hence, the most likely explanation is that, because the levels of oestrogen in females after menopause decrease, oestrogen no longer offers a beneficial effect as seen in younger females. The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the serious negative effects arising from the state of E2 deficiency. Therefore, hormone replacement therapy gains further support as the damaging effect of the decline in ovarian function affects many biological systems, and recently with the COVID-19 pandemic, oestrogen's vital role within the immune system has become quite clear. However, additional clinical investigations regarding hormone replacement therapy are urgently needed to further verify the protective and therapeutic effects of E2 on menopausal women with COVID-19.
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Sonaglioni A, Lombardo M, Albini A, Noonan DM, Re M, Cassandro R, Elia D, Caminati A, Nicolosi GL, Harari S. Charlson comorbidity index, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and undertreatment with renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors predict in-hospital mortality of hospitalized COVID-19 patients during the omicron dominant period. Front Immunol 2022; 13:958418. [PMID: 36090992 PMCID: PMC9453812 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.958418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the clinical predictors of in-hospital mortality in hospitalized patients with Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection during the Omicron period. Methods All consecutive hospitalized laboratory‐confirmed COVID-19 patients between January and May 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. All patients underwent accurate physical, laboratory, radiographic and echocardiographic examination. Primary endpoint was in-hospital mortality. Results 74 consecutive COVID-19 patients (80.0 ± 12.6 yrs, 45.9% males) were included. Patients who died during hospitalization (27%) and those who were discharged alive (73%) were separately analyzed. Compared to patients discharged alive, those who died were significantly older, with higher comorbidity burden and greater prevalence of laboratory, radiographic and echographic signs of pulmonary and systemic congestion. Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) (OR 1.76, 95%CI 1.07-2.92), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) (OR 1.24, 95%CI 1.10-1.39) and absence of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI)/angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) therapy (OR 0.01, 95%CI 0.00-0.22) independently predicted the primary endpoint. CCI ≥7 and NLR ≥9 were the best cut-off values for predicting mortality. The mortality risk for patients with CCI ≥7, NLR ≥9 and not in ACEI/ARBs therapy was high (86%); for patients with CCI <7, NLR ≥9, with (16.6%) or without (25%) ACEI/ARBs therapy was intermediate; for patients with CCI <7, NLR <9 and in ACEI/ARBs therapy was of 0%. Conclusions High comorbidity burden, high levels of NLR and the undertreatment with ACEI/ARBs were the main prognostic indicators of in-hospital mortality. The risk stratification of COVID-19 patients at hospital admission would help the clinicians to take care of the high-risk patients and reduce the mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Sonaglioni
- Division of Cardiology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) MultiMedica, Milan, Italy
| | - Michele Lombardo
- Division of Cardiology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) MultiMedica, Milan, Italy
| | - Adriana Albini
- European Institute of Oncology (IEO) Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Milan, Italy
- *Correspondence: Adriana Albini,
| | - Douglas M. Noonan
- Immunology and General Pathology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
- Unit of Molecular Pathology, Immunology and Biochemistry, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) MultiMedica, Milan, Italy
| | - Margherita Re
- Division of Internal Medicine, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) MultiMedica, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Cassandro
- Division of Pneumology, Semi Intensive Care Unit, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) MultiMedica, Milan, Italy
| | - Davide Elia
- Division of Pneumology, Semi Intensive Care Unit, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) MultiMedica, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonella Caminati
- Division of Pneumology, Semi Intensive Care Unit, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) MultiMedica, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Sergio Harari
- Division of Pneumology, Semi Intensive Care Unit, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) MultiMedica, Milan, Italy
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università Di Milano, Milan, Italy
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Kovalevskaiia L, Pakhlevanzade A, Ivanchenko S, Kupriianova L, Volianska V, Plakida A, Panigrahi P. Cardiovascular Disorders as a Result of COVID-19. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2022.9593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Based on the literature data, we present current literature information about frequency, main spectrum, and prognostic value of cardiovascular complications of the SARS-CoV-2 infection. We have highlighted in detail the variants of cardiovascular disorders in the case of patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection caused by concomitant diseases of hypertension, acute coronary syndrome, myocardial infarction, arrhythmias, virus-associated myocarditis, and heart failure. We have described the adverse cardiovascular effects of medicines of different groups used to treat COVID-19 disease and possible medical interactions. We have summarized some current recommendations on cardiotonic and cardioprotective therapy in the case of patients with cardiovascular complications.
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Arefin S, Hernandez L, Ward LJ, Schwarz A, Barany P, Stenvinkel P, Kublickiene K. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 and transmembrane protease serine 2 in female and male patients with end-stage kidney disease. Eur J Clin Invest 2022; 52:e13786. [PMID: 35366343 PMCID: PMC9541326 DOI: 10.1111/eci.13786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals with chronic kidney disease are affected by acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) due to multiple comorbidities and altered immune system. The first step of the infection process is the binding of SARS-CoV-2 with angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor, followed by its priming by transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2). We hypothesized that circulating soluble ACE2 levels, as well as the expressions of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 in the microvasculature, are increased in patients with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). METHODS A total of 210 participants were enrolled, representing 80 ESKD patients and 73 non-CKD controls for soluble ACE2, and 31 ESKD and 26 non-CKD controls for vasculature and fat tissue bioassays. We have assessed ACE2 expression in blood using ELISA and in tissue using immunofluorescence. RESULTS Soluble ACE2 levels were higher in ESKD patients compared to controls; however, there is no sex difference observed. In ESKD and controls, soluble ACE2 positively correlated with Interleukin 6 (IL-6) and C-reactive protein (CRP), respectively. Similarly, ACE2 tissue expression in the vasculature was higher in ESKD patients; moreover, this higher ACE2 expression was observed only in male ESKD patients. In addition, TMPRSS2 expression was observed in vessels from males and females but showed no sex difference. The expression of ACE2 receptor was higher in ESKD patients on ACE-inhibitor/angiotensin blocker treatment. CONCLUSION ESKD is associated with increased ACE2 levels in the circulation and pronounced in male vasculature; however, further studies are warranted to assess possible sex differences on specific treatment regime(s) for different comorbidities present in ESKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samsul Arefin
- Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention & Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Leah Hernandez
- Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention & Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Liam J Ward
- Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention & Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Forensic Genetics and Forensic Toxicology, National Board of Forensic Medicine, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Angelina Schwarz
- Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention & Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Peter Barany
- Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention & Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter Stenvinkel
- Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention & Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karolina Kublickiene
- Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention & Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Matsoukas JM, Gadanec LK, Zulli A, Apostolopoulos V, Kelaidonis K, Ligielli I, Moschovou K, Georgiou N, Plotas P, Chasapis CT, Moore G, Ridgway H, Mavromoustakos T. Diminazene Aceturate Reduces Angiotensin II Constriction and Interacts with the Spike Protein of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10071731. [PMID: 35885036 PMCID: PMC9312513 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10071731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Diminazene aceturate (DIZE) is a putative angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) activator and angiotensin type 1 receptor antagonist (AT1R). Its simple chemical structure possesses a negatively charged triazene segment that is homologous to the tetrazole of angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB), which explains its AT1R antagonistic activity. Additionally, the activation of ACE2 by DIZE converts the toxic octapeptide angiotensin II (AngII) to the heptapeptides angiotensin 1–7 and alamandine, which promote vasodilation and maintains homeostatic balance. Due to DIZE’s protective cardiovascular and pulmonary effects and its ability to target ACE2 (the predominant receptor utilized by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 to enter host cells), it is a promising treatment for coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19). To determine DIZE’s ability to inhibit AngII constriction, in vitro isometric tension analysis was conducted on rabbit iliac arteries incubated with DIZE or candesartan and constricted with cumulative doses of AngII. In silico docking and ligand interaction studies were performed to investigate potential interactions between DIZE and other ARBs with AT1R and the spike protein/ACE2 complex. DIZE, similar to the other ARBs investigated, was able to abolish vasoconstriction in response to AngII and exhibited a binding affinity for the spike protein/ACE2 complex (PDB 6LZ6). These results support the potential of DIZE as a treatment for COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M. Matsoukas
- NewDrug PC, Patras Science Park, 26500 Patras, Greece;
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 3030, Australia; (L.K.G.); (A.Z.); (V.A.)
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
- Correspondence: (J.M.M.); (T.M.)
| | - Laura Kate Gadanec
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 3030, Australia; (L.K.G.); (A.Z.); (V.A.)
| | - Anthony Zulli
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 3030, Australia; (L.K.G.); (A.Z.); (V.A.)
| | - Vasso Apostolopoulos
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 3030, Australia; (L.K.G.); (A.Z.); (V.A.)
- Immunology Program, Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science, Melbourne, VIC 3021, Australia
| | | | - Irene Ligielli
- Department of Chemistry National and Kapodistrian, University of Athens, Zographou, 15784 Athens, Greece; (I.L.); (K.M.); (N.G.)
| | - Kalliopi Moschovou
- Department of Chemistry National and Kapodistrian, University of Athens, Zographou, 15784 Athens, Greece; (I.L.); (K.M.); (N.G.)
| | - Nikitas Georgiou
- Department of Chemistry National and Kapodistrian, University of Athens, Zographou, 15784 Athens, Greece; (I.L.); (K.M.); (N.G.)
| | - Panagiotis Plotas
- Laboratory of Primary Health Care, School of Health Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece;
| | - Christos T. Chasapis
- NMR Facility, Instrumental Analysis Laboratory, School of Natural Sciences, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece;
- Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences, Foundation for Research and Technology, Hellas (FORTH/ICE-HT), 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Graham Moore
- Pepmetics Incorporated, 772 Murphy Pace, Victoria, BC V8Y 3H4, Canada;
| | - Harry Ridgway
- Institute for Sustainable Industries and Liveable Cities, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 8001, Australia;
- AquaMem Consultants, Rodeo, NM 88056, USA
| | - Thomas Mavromoustakos
- Department of Chemistry National and Kapodistrian, University of Athens, Zographou, 15784 Athens, Greece; (I.L.); (K.M.); (N.G.)
- Correspondence: (J.M.M.); (T.M.)
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Su W, Wang H, Sun C, Li N, Guo X, Song Q, Liang Q, Liang M, Ding X, Sun Y. The Association Between Previous Influenza Vaccination and COVID-19 Infection Risk and Severity: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Am J Prev Med 2022; 63:121-130. [PMID: 35410774 PMCID: PMC8920881 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2022.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The association between influenza vaccination and COVID-19 remains controversial. This meta-analysis aimed to investigate whether influenza vaccination reduces the susceptibility and severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection. METHODS A systematic literature search of PubMed, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, SinoMed, Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform, and China Science and Technology Journal VIP Database was conducted from database inception to August 2021. The pooled RR with 95% CI was used to estimate the effect of influenza vaccination on COVID-19. The I2 value was used to assess heterogeneity. If I2>50%, the random-effects model was used as the pooling method. RESULTS A total of 23 published articles with 1,037,445 participants were identified. This meta-analysis showed that influenza vaccination was associated with reduced risk of COVID-19 infection (RR=0.83, 95% CI=0.76, 0.90) and hospitalization (RR=0.71, 95% CI=0.59, 0.84), although not significantly associated with intensive care unit admission and death (risk of intensive care unit admission: RR=0.93, 95% CI=0.64, 1.36; risk of death: RR=0.83, 95% CI=0.68, 1.01). Further analysis suggested that the tetravalent influenza vaccine may be associated with a reduced risk of COVID-19 infection (RR=0.74, 95% CI=0.65, 0.84). DISCUSSION The results suggest that influenza vaccination is associated with reduced susceptibility to or disease severity of COVID-19 and that influenza vaccination may reduce the risk of COVID-19 and improve clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanying Su
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Chenyu Sun
- Internal Medicine, AMITA Health Saint Joseph Hospital Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Xianwei Guo
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Qiuxia Song
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Qiwei Liang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Mingming Liang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Xiuxiu Ding
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Yehuan Sun
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Anhui, P. R. China; Center for Evidence-Based Practice, Anhui Medical University, Anhui, P. R. China.
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Hassler L, Wysocki J, Gelarden I, Sharma I, Tomatsidou A, Ye M, Gula H, Nicoleascu V, Randall G, Pshenychnyi S, Khurram N, Kanwar Y, Missiakas D, Henkin J, Yeldandi A, Batlle D. A Novel Soluble ACE2 Protein Provides Lung and Kidney Protection in Mice Susceptible to Lethal SARS-CoV-2 Infection. J Am Soc Nephrol 2022; 33:1293-1307. [PMID: 35236774 PMCID: PMC9257820 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2021091209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) uses full-length angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) as a main receptor to enter target cells. The goal of this study was to demonstrate the preclinical efficacy of a novel soluble ACE2 protein with increased duration of action and binding capacity in a lethal mouse model of COVID-19. METHODS A human soluble ACE2 variant fused with an albumin binding domain (ABD) was linked via a dimerization motif hinge-like 4-cysteine dodecapeptide (DDC) to improve binding capacity to SARS-CoV-2. This novel soluble ACE2 protein (ACE2-1-618-DDC-ABD) was then administered intranasally and intraperitoneally to mice before intranasal inoculation of SARS-CoV-2 and then for two additional days post viral inoculation. RESULTS Untreated animals became severely ill, and all had to be humanely euthanized by day 6 or 7 and had pulmonary alveolar hemorrhage with mononuclear infiltrates. In contrast, all but one mouse infected with a lethal dose of SARS-CoV-2 that received ACE2-1-618-DDC-ABD survived. In the animals inoculated with SARS-CoV-2 that were untreated, viral titers were high in the lungs and brain, but viral titers were absent in the kidneys. Some untreated animals, however, had variable degrees of kidney proximal tubular injury as shown by attenuation of the proximal tubular brush border and increased NGAL and TUNEL staining. Viral titers in the lung and brain were reduced or nondetectable in mice that received ACE2-1-618-DDC-ABD, and the animals developed only moderate disease as assessed by a near-normal clinical score, minimal weight loss, and improved lung and kidney injury. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates the preclinical efficacy of a novel soluble ACE2 protein, termed ACE2-1-618-DDC-ABD, in a lethal mouse model of SARS-CoV-2 infection that develops severe lung injury and variable degrees of moderate kidney proximal tubular injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luise Hassler
- Division of Nephrology/Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Jan Wysocki
- Division of Nephrology/Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Ian Gelarden
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Isha Sharma
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Anastasia Tomatsidou
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
- Ricketts Regional Biocontainment Laboratory, University of Chicago, Lemont, Illinois
| | - Minghao Ye
- Division of Nephrology/Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Haley Gula
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
- Ricketts Regional Biocontainment Laboratory, University of Chicago, Lemont, Illinois
| | - Vlad Nicoleascu
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
- Ricketts Regional Biocontainment Laboratory, University of Chicago, Lemont, Illinois
| | - Glenn Randall
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
- Ricketts Regional Biocontainment Laboratory, University of Chicago, Lemont, Illinois
| | - Sergii Pshenychnyi
- Recombinant Protein Production Core, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois
| | - Nigar Khurram
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Yashpal Kanwar
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Dominique Missiakas
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
- Ricketts Regional Biocontainment Laboratory, University of Chicago, Lemont, Illinois
| | - Jack Henkin
- Center for Developmental Therapeutics, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois
| | - Anjana Yeldandi
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Daniel Batlle
- Division of Nephrology/Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
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Montazeri-Najafabady N, Kazemi K, Gholami A. Recent advances in antiviral effects of probiotics: potential mechanism study in prevention and treatment of SARS-CoV-2. Biologia (Bratisl) 2022; 77:3211-3228. [PMID: 35789756 PMCID: PMC9244507 DOI: 10.1007/s11756-022-01147-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 is responsible for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), progressively extended worldwide countries on an epidemic scale. Along with all the drug treatments suggested to date, currently, there are no approved management protocols and treatment regimens for SARS-CoV-2. The unavailability of optimal medication and effective vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 indicates the requirement for alternative therapies. Probiotics are living organisms that deliberate beneficial effects on the host when used sufficiently and in adequate amounts, and fermented food is their rich source. Probiotics affect viruses by antiviral mechanisms and reduce diarrhea and respiratory tract infection. At this point, we comprehensively evaluated the antiviral effects of probiotics and their mechanism with a particular focus on SARS-CoV-2. In this review, we suggested the conceptual and potential mechanisms of probiotics by which they could exhibit antiviral properties against SARS-CoV-2, according to the previous evidence concerning the mechanism of antiviral effects of probiotics. This study reviewed recent studies that speculate about the role of probiotics in the prevention of the SARS-CoV-2-induced cytokine storm through the mechanisms such as induction of anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10), downregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-2, IL-6), inhibition of JAK signaling pathway, and act as HDAC inhibitor. Also, the recent clinical trials and their outcome have been reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nima Montazeri-Najafabady
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Pharmaceutical Science Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Kimia Kazemi
- Pharmaceutical Science Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ahmad Gholami
- Pharmaceutical Science Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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48
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Baigent C, Windecker S, Andreini D, Arbelo E, Barbato E, Bartorelli AL, Baumbach A, Behr ER, Berti S, Bueno H, Capodanno D, Cappato R, Chieffo A, Collet JP, Cuisset T, de Simone G, Delgado V, Dendale P, Dudek D, Edvardsen T, Elvan A, González-Juanatey JR, Gori M, Grobbee D, Guzik TJ, Halvorsen S, Haude M, Heidbuchel H, Hindricks G, Ibanez B, Karam N, Katus H, Klok FA, Konstantinides SV, Landmesser U, Leclercq C, Leonardi S, Lettino M, Marenzi G, Mauri J, Metra M, Morici N, Mueller C, Petronio AS, Polovina MM, Potpara T, Praz F, Prendergast B, Prescott E, Price S, Pruszczyk P, Rodríguez-Leor O, Roffi M, Romaguera R, Rosenkranz S, Sarkozy A, Scherrenberg M, Seferovic P, Senni M, Spera FR, Stefanini G, Thiele H, Tomasoni D, Torracca L, Touyz RM, Wilde AA, Williams B. ESC guidance for the diagnosis and management of cardiovascular disease during the COVID-19 pandemic: part 2-care pathways, treatment, and follow-up. Cardiovasc Res 2022; 118:1618-1666. [PMID: 34864876 PMCID: PMC8690236 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvab343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Since its emergence in early 2020, the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 causing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has reached pandemic levels, and there have been repeated outbreaks across the globe. The aim of this two part series is to provide practical knowledge and guidance to aid clinicians in the diagnosis and management of cardiovascular (CV) disease in association with COVID-19. METHODS AND RESULTS A narrative literature review of the available evidence has been performed, and the resulting information has been organized into two parts. The first, which was reported previously, focused on the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and diagnosis of CV conditions that may be manifest in patients with COVID-19. This second part addresses the topics of: care pathways and triage systems and management and treatment pathways, both of the most commonly encountered CV conditions and of COVID-19; and information that may be considered useful to help patients with CV disease (CVD) to avoid exposure to COVID-19. CONCLUSION This comprehensive review is not a formal guideline but rather a document that provides a summary of current knowledge and guidance to practicing clinicians managing patients with CVD and COVID-19. The recommendations are mainly the result of observations and personal experience from healthcare providers. Therefore, the information provided here may be subject to change with increasing knowledge, evidence from prospective studies, and changes in the pandemic. Likewise, the guidance provided in the document should not interfere with recommendations provided by local and national healthcare authorities.
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Valipour M, Irannejad H, Emami S. Papaverine, a promising therapeutic agent for the treatment of COVID-19 patients with underlying cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Drug Dev Res 2022; 83:1246-1250. [PMID: 35706384 PMCID: PMC9350394 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The causative agent of coronavirus disease‐2019 (COVID‐19), severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), enters the host cells via an angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 (ACE2)‐mediated endocytosis‐dependent manner. Because ACE2 is highly expressed in the heart, SARS‐CoV‐2 can severely infect heart tissue and arteries, causing acute and chronic damage to the cardiovascular system. Therefore, special attention should be paid to finding appropriate agents to protect this vital system during COVID‐19 treatment. Papaverine is a unique vasodilator alkaloid that is clinically used in the treatment of vasospasm. Interestingly, this compound has potent and direct effects on a wide range of viruses, and could also prevent viral exploitation mechanisms of the host cell facilities by inhibiting some cellular signaling pathways such as p38 MAPK. This pathway was recently introduced as a promising target for the treatment of COVID‐19. Papaverine also has anti‐inflammatory effects which is useful in combating the hyper‐inflammatory phase of the COVID‐19. Unlike some medications that have severe dosage‐restrictions in the treatment of COVID‐19 due to cardiac side effects, papaverine is recommended for use in many heart disorders. The ability of papaverine to treat COVID‐19 has become more promising when the results of some extensive screenings showed the strong ability of this compound to inhibit the cytopathic effects of SARS‐CoV‐2 with EC50 of 1.1 μM. Having several therapeutic effects along with desired safety profile raises this hypothesis that papaverine could be a promising compound for the suppression of SARS‐CoV‐2 and prevention of ischemia/vasoconstriction‐related complications in COVID‐19 disease, especially in patients with underlying cardiovascular diseases (CVDs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Valipour
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Hamid Irannejad
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Saeed Emami
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
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50
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Vitiello A, Ferrara F. Pharmacotherapy Based on ACE2 Targeting and COVID-19 Infection. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126644. [PMID: 35743089 PMCID: PMC9224264 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The new SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus is responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic. A massive vaccination campaign, which is still ongoing, has averted most serious consequences worldwide; however, lines of research are continuing to identify the best drug therapies to treat COVID-19 infection. SARS-CoV-2 penetrates the cells of the host organism through ACE2. The ACE2 protein plays a key role in the renin–angiotensin system (RAS) and undergoes changes in expression during different stages of COVID-19 infection. It appears that an unregulated RAS is responsible for the severe lung damage that occurs in some cases of COVID-19. Pharmacologically modifying the expression of ACE2 could be an interesting line of research to follow in order to avoid the severe complications of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Vitiello
- Pharmaceutical Department, Usl Umbria 1, Via XIV Settembre, 06132 Perugia, Italy;
| | - Francesco Ferrara
- Pharmaceutical Department, Asl Napoli 3 Sud, Dell’amicizia Street 22, 80035 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +39-0813223622
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