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Casselbrant A, Elias E, Hallersund P, Elebring E, Cervin J, Fändriks L, Wallenius V. Intestinal Ketogenesis and Permeability. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6555. [PMID: 38928261 PMCID: PMC11204016 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Consumption of a high-fat diet (HFD) has been suggested as a contributing factor behind increased intestinal permeability in obesity, leading to increased plasma levels of microbial endotoxins and, thereby, increased systemic inflammation. We and others have shown that HFD can induce jejunal expression of the ketogenic rate-limiting enzyme mitochondrial 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase (HMGCS). HMGCS is activated via the free fatty acid binding nuclear receptor PPAR-α, and it is a key enzyme in ketone body synthesis that was earlier believed to be expressed exclusively in the liver. The function of intestinal ketogenesis is unknown but has been described in suckling rats and mice pups, possibly in order to allow large molecules, such as immunoglobulins, to pass over the intestinal barrier. Therefore, we hypothesized that ketone bodies could regulate intestinal barrier function, e.g., via regulation of tight junction proteins. The primary aim was to compare the effects of HFD that can induce intestinal ketogenesis to an equicaloric carbohydrate diet on inflammatory responses, nutrition sensing, and intestinal permeability in human jejunal mucosa. Fifteen healthy volunteers receiving a 2-week HFD diet compared to a high-carbohydrate diet were compared. Blood samples and mixed meal tests were performed at the end of each dietary period to examine inflammation markers and postprandial endotoxemia. Jejunal biopsies were assessed for protein expression using Western blotting, immunohistochemistry, and morphometric characteristics of tight junctions by electron microscopy. Functional analyses of permeability and ketogenesis were performed in Caco-2 cells, mice, and human enteroids. Ussing chambers were used to analyze permeability. CRP and ALP values were within normal ranges and postprandial endotoxemia levels were low and did not differ between the two diets. The PPARα receptor was ketone body-dependently reduced after HFD. None of the tight junction proteins studied, nor the basal electrical parameters, were different between the two diets. However, the ketone body inhibitor hymeglusin increased resistance in mucosal biopsies. In addition, the tight junction protein claudin-3 was increased by ketone inhibition in human enteroids. The ketone body β-Hydroxybutyrate (βHB) did not, however, change the mucosal transition of the large-size molecular FD4-probe or LPS in Caco-2 and mouse experiments. We found that PPARα expression was inhibited by the ketone body βHB. As PPARα regulates HMGCS expression, the ketone bodies thus exert negative feedback signaling on their own production. Furthermore, ketone bodies were involved in the regulation of permeability on intestinal mucosal cells in vitro and ex vivo. We were not, however, able to reproduce these effects on intestinal permeability in vivo in humans when comparing two weeks of high-fat with high-carbohydrate diet in healthy volunteers. Further, neither the expression of inflammation markers nor the aggregate tight junction proteins were changed. Thus, it seems that not only HFD but also other factors are needed to permit increased intestinal permeability in vivo. This indicates that the healthy gut can adapt to extremes of macro-nutrients and increased levels of intestinally produced ketone bodies, at least during a shorter dietary challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Casselbrant
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden; (E.E.); (P.H.); (L.F.); (V.W.)
| | - Erik Elias
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden; (E.E.); (P.H.); (L.F.); (V.W.)
| | - Peter Hallersund
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden; (E.E.); (P.H.); (L.F.); (V.W.)
| | - Erik Elebring
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden; (E.E.); (P.H.); (L.F.); (V.W.)
| | - Jakob Cervin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden;
| | - Lars Fändriks
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden; (E.E.); (P.H.); (L.F.); (V.W.)
- Department of Surgery, Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 41345 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ville Wallenius
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden; (E.E.); (P.H.); (L.F.); (V.W.)
- Department of Surgery, Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 41345 Gothenburg, Sweden
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Hernández-Martín M, Garcimartín A, Bocanegra A, Redondo-Castillejo R, Quevedo-Torremocha C, Macho-González A, García Fernández RA, Bastida S, Benedí J, Sánchez-Muniz FJ, López-Oliva ME. Silicon as a Functional Meat Ingredient Improves Jejunal and Hepatic Cholesterol Homeostasis in a Late-Stage Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Rat Model. Foods 2024; 13:1794. [PMID: 38928736 PMCID: PMC11203255 DOI: 10.3390/foods13121794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 06/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Silicon included in a restructured meat (RM) matrix (Si-RM) as a functional ingredient has been demonstrated to be a potential bioactive antidiabetic compound. However, the jejunal and hepatic molecular mechanisms by which Si-RM exerts its cholesterol-lowering effects remain unclear. Male Wistar rats fed an RM included in a high-saturated-fat high-cholesterol diet (HSFHCD) combined with a low dose of streptozotocin plus nicotinamide injection were used as late-stage type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) model. Si-RM was included into the HSFHCD as a functional food. An early-stage TD2M group fed a high-saturated-fat diet (HSFD) was taken as reference. Si-RM inhibited the hepatic and intestinal microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP) reducing the apoB-containing lipoprotein assembly and cholesterol absorption. Upregulation of liver X receptor (LXRα/β) by Si-RM turned in a higher low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLr) and ATP-binding cassette transporters (ABCG5/8, ABCA1) promoting jejunal cholesterol efflux and transintestinal cholesterol excretion (TICE), and facilitating partially reverse cholesterol transport (RCT). Si-RM decreased the jejunal absorptive area and improved mucosal barrier integrity. Consequently, plasma triglycerides and cholesterol levels decreased, as well as the formation of atherogenic lipoprotein particles. Si-RM mitigated the dyslipidemia associated with late-stage T2DM by Improving cholesterol homeostasis. Silicon could be used as an effective nutritional approach in diabetic dyslipidemia management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Hernández-Martín
- Departmental Section of Physiology, Pharmacy School, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Alba Garcimartín
- Pharmacology, Pharmacognosy and Botany Department, Pharmacy School, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.G.); (R.R.-C.); (C.Q.-T.); (J.B.)
| | - Aránzazu Bocanegra
- Pharmacology, Pharmacognosy and Botany Department, Pharmacy School, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.G.); (R.R.-C.); (C.Q.-T.); (J.B.)
| | - Rocío Redondo-Castillejo
- Pharmacology, Pharmacognosy and Botany Department, Pharmacy School, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.G.); (R.R.-C.); (C.Q.-T.); (J.B.)
| | - Claudia Quevedo-Torremocha
- Pharmacology, Pharmacognosy and Botany Department, Pharmacy School, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.G.); (R.R.-C.); (C.Q.-T.); (J.B.)
| | - Adrián Macho-González
- Nutrition and Food Science Department, Pharmacy School, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.M.-G.); (S.B.); (F.J.S.-M.)
| | - Rosa Ana García Fernández
- Animal Medicine and Surgery Department, Veterinary School, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Sara Bastida
- Nutrition and Food Science Department, Pharmacy School, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.M.-G.); (S.B.); (F.J.S.-M.)
| | - Juana Benedí
- Pharmacology, Pharmacognosy and Botany Department, Pharmacy School, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.G.); (R.R.-C.); (C.Q.-T.); (J.B.)
| | - Francisco José Sánchez-Muniz
- Nutrition and Food Science Department, Pharmacy School, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.M.-G.); (S.B.); (F.J.S.-M.)
| | - María Elvira López-Oliva
- Departmental Section of Physiology, Pharmacy School, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
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Gruber T, Lechner F, Krieger JP, García-Cáceres C. Neuroendocrine gut-brain signaling in obesity. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2024:S1043-2760(24)00120-6. [PMID: 38821753 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2024.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
The past decades have witnessed the rise and fall of several, largely unsuccessful, therapeutic attempts to bring the escalating obesity pandemic to a halt. Looking back to look ahead, the field has now put its highest hopes in translating insights from how the gastrointestinal (GI) tract communicates with the brain to calibrate behavior, physiology, and metabolism. A major focus of this review is to summarize the latest advances in comprehending the neuroendocrine aspects of this so-called 'gut-brain axis' and to explore novel concepts, cutting-edge technologies, and recent paradigm-shifting experiments. These exciting insights continue to refine our understanding of gut-brain crosstalk and are poised to promote the development of additional therapeutic avenues at the dawn of a new era of antiobesity therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Gruber
- Department of Metabolism and Nutritional Programming, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49506, USA; Department of Epigenetics, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49506, USA; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Franziska Lechner
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jean-Philippe Krieger
- Institute of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich-Vetsuisse, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland; Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Cristina García-Cáceres
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80336 Munich, Germany.
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Hernández-Martín M, Bocanegra A, Garcimartín A, Issa JÁ, Redondo-Castillejo R, Macho-González A, Benedí J, Sánchez Muniz FJ, López-Oliva ME. Analysis of immunohistomorphological changes in the colonic mucosa in a high-saturated fat and high-cholesterol fed streptozotocin/nicotinamide diabetic rat model. Methods Cell Biol 2024; 185:165-195. [PMID: 38556447 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2024.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
The mucosal surface of gastrointestinal tract is lined with epithelial cells that establish an effective barrier between the lumen and internal environment through intercellular junctions, preventing the passage of potentially harmful substances. The "intestinal barrier function" consist of a defensive system that prevent the passage of antigens, toxins, and microbial products, while maintains the correct development of the epithelial barrier, the immune system and the acquisition of tolerance toward dietary antigens and intestinal microbiota. Intestinal morphology changes subsequent to nutritional variations, stress, aging or diseases, which can also affect the composition of the microbiota, altering the homeostasis of the intestine. A growing body of evidence suggests that alterations in intestinal barrier function favor the development of exaggerated immune responses, leading to metabolic endotoxemia, which seems to be the origin of many chronic metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Although the mechanisms are still unknown, the interaction between dietary patterns, gut microbiota, intestinal mucosa, and metabolic inflammation seems to be a key factor for the development of T2DM, among other diseases. This chapter details the different techniques that allow evaluating the morphological and molecular alterations that lead of the intestinal barrier dysfunction in a T2DM experimental model. To induce both diabetic metabolic disturbances and gut barrier disruption, Wistar rats were fed a high-saturated fat and high-cholesterol diet and received a single dose of streptozotocin/nicotinamide. This animal model may contribute to clarify the understanding of the role of intestinal barrier dysfunction on the late-stage T2DM etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Hernández-Martín
- Departmental Section of Physiology, Pharmacy School, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain; AFUSAN Group, Sanitary Research Institute of the San Carlos Clinical Hospital (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Aránzazu Bocanegra
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy School, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain; AFUSAN Group, Sanitary Research Institute of the San Carlos Clinical Hospital (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alba Garcimartín
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy School, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain; AFUSAN Group, Sanitary Research Institute of the San Carlos Clinical Hospital (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jousef Ángel Issa
- Departmental Section of Physiology, Pharmacy School, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rocío Redondo-Castillejo
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy School, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain; AFUSAN Group, Sanitary Research Institute of the San Carlos Clinical Hospital (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Adrián Macho-González
- AFUSAN Group, Sanitary Research Institute of the San Carlos Clinical Hospital (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain; Department of Nutrition, Pharmacy School, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juana Benedí
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy School, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain; AFUSAN Group, Sanitary Research Institute of the San Carlos Clinical Hospital (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco José Sánchez Muniz
- AFUSAN Group, Sanitary Research Institute of the San Carlos Clinical Hospital (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain; Department of Nutrition, Pharmacy School, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Elvira López-Oliva
- Departmental Section of Physiology, Pharmacy School, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain; AFUSAN Group, Sanitary Research Institute of the San Carlos Clinical Hospital (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain.
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Zwick RK, Kasparek P, Palikuqi B, Viragova S, Weichselbaum L, McGinnis CS, McKinley KL, Rathnayake A, Vaka D, Nguyen V, Trentesaux C, Reyes E, Gupta AR, Gartner ZJ, Locksley RM, Gardner JM, Itzkovitz S, Boffelli D, Klein OD. Epithelial zonation along the mouse and human small intestine defines five discrete metabolic domains. Nat Cell Biol 2024; 26:250-262. [PMID: 38321203 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-023-01337-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
A key aspect of nutrient absorption is the exquisite division of labour across the length of the small intestine, with individual nutrients taken up at different proximal:distal positions. For millennia, the small intestine was thought to comprise three segments with indefinite borders: the duodenum, jejunum and ileum. By examining the fine-scale longitudinal transcriptional patterns that span the mouse and human small intestine, we instead identified five domains of nutrient absorption that mount distinct responses to dietary changes, and three regional stem cell populations. Molecular domain identity can be detected with machine learning, which provides a systematic method to computationally identify intestinal domains in mice. We generated a predictive model of transcriptional control of domain identity and validated the roles of Ppar-δ and Cdx1 in patterning lipid metabolism-associated genes. These findings represent a foundational framework for the zonation of absorption across the mammalian small intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel K Zwick
- Program in Craniofacial Biology and Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Petr Kasparek
- Program in Craniofacial Biology and Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Brisa Palikuqi
- Program in Craniofacial Biology and Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sara Viragova
- Program in Craniofacial Biology and Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Laura Weichselbaum
- Program in Craniofacial Biology and Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Christopher S McGinnis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kara L McKinley
- Program in Craniofacial Biology and Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Asoka Rathnayake
- Program in Craniofacial Biology and Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Dedeepya Vaka
- Department of Pediatrics, Cedars-Sinai Guerin Children's, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Vinh Nguyen
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Gladstone-UCSF Institute of Genomic Immunology, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Diabetes Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- UCSF CoLabs, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Coralie Trentesaux
- Program in Craniofacial Biology and Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Efren Reyes
- Program in Craniofacial Biology and Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Alexander R Gupta
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Zev J Gartner
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Chan Zuckerberg BioHub and Center for Cellular Construction 94158, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Richard M Locksley
- Department of Medicine and Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - James M Gardner
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Diabetes Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Shalev Itzkovitz
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Dario Boffelli
- Department of Pediatrics, Cedars-Sinai Guerin Children's, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ophir D Klein
- Program in Craniofacial Biology and Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Cedars-Sinai Guerin Children's, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Makhlouf M, Souza DG, Kurian S, Bellaver B, Ellis H, Kuboki A, Al-Naama A, Hasnah R, Venturin GT, Costa da Costa J, Venugopal N, Manoel D, Mennella J, Reisert J, Tordoff MG, Zimmer ER, Saraiva LR. Short-term consumption of highly processed diets varying in macronutrient content impair the sense of smell and brain metabolism in mice. Mol Metab 2024; 79:101837. [PMID: 37977411 PMCID: PMC10724696 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2023.101837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Food processing greatly contributed to increased food safety, diversity, and accessibility. However, the prevalence of highly palatable and highly processed food in our modern diet has exacerbated obesity rates and contributed to a global health crisis. While accumulating evidence suggests that chronic consumption of such foods is detrimental to sensory and neural physiology, it is unclear whether its short-term intake has adverse effects. Here, we assessed how short-term consumption (<2 months) of three diets varying in composition and macronutrient content influence olfaction and brain metabolism in mice. METHODS The diets tested included a grain-based standard chow diet (CHOW; 54% carbohydrate, 32% protein, 14% fat; #8604 Teklad Rodent diet , Envigo Inc.), a highly processed control diet (hpCTR; 70% carbohydrate, 20% protein, 10% fat; #D12450B, Research Diets Inc.), and a highly processed high-fat diet (hpHFD; 20% carbohydrate, 20% protein, 60% fat; #D12492, Research Diets Inc.). We performed behavioral and metabolic phenotyping, electro-olfactogram (EOG) recordings, brain glucose metabolism imaging, and mitochondrial respirometry in different brain regions. We also performed RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) in the nose and across several brain regions, and conducted differential expression analysis, gene ontology, and network analysis. RESULTS We show that short-term consumption of the two highly processed diets, but not the grain-based diet, regardless of macronutrient content, adversely affects odor-guided behaviors, physiological responses to odorants, transcriptional profiles in the olfactory mucosa and brain regions, and brain glucose metabolism and mitochondrial respiration. CONCLUSIONS Even short periods of highly processed food consumption are sufficient to cause early olfactory and brain abnormalities, which has the potential to alter food choices and influence the risk of developing metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Débora G Souza
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil; Brain Institute of Rio Grande do Sul, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - Bruna Bellaver
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Hillary Ellis
- Monell Chemical Senses Center, 3500 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Akihito Kuboki
- Monell Chemical Senses Center, 3500 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | | - Reem Hasnah
- Sidra Medicine, PO Box 26999, Doha, Qatar; College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Gianina Teribele Venturin
- Brain Institute of Rio Grande do Sul, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Jaderson Costa da Costa
- Brain Institute of Rio Grande do Sul, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | | | - Julie Mennella
- Monell Chemical Senses Center, 3500 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Johannes Reisert
- Monell Chemical Senses Center, 3500 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Michael G Tordoff
- Brain Institute of Rio Grande do Sul, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Eduardo R Zimmer
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil; Brain Institute of Rio Grande do Sul, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Department of Pharmacology, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Pharmacology and Therapeutics, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil; McGill Centre for Studies in Aging, Montreal, Canada.
| | - Luis R Saraiva
- Sidra Medicine, PO Box 26999, Doha, Qatar; Monell Chemical Senses Center, 3500 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar.
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Šešelja K, Bazina I, Vrecl M, Farger J, Schicht M, Paulsen F, Baus Lončar M, Pirman T. Tff3 Deficiency Differentially Affects the Morphology of Male and Female Intestines in a Long-Term High-Fat-Diet-Fed Mouse Model. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16342. [PMID: 38003531 PMCID: PMC10671422 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Trefoil factor family protein 3 (Tff3) protects the gastrointestinal mucosa and has a complex mode of action in different tissues. Here, we aimed to determine the effect of Tff3 deficiency on intestinal tissues in a long-term high-fat-diet (HFD)-fed model. A novel congenic strain without additional metabolically relevant mutations (Tff3-/-/C57Bl6NCrl strain, male and female) was used. Wild type (Wt) and Tff3-deficient mice of both sexes were fed a HFD for 36 weeks. Long-term feeding of a HFD induces different effects on the intestinal structure of Tff3-deficient male and female mice. For the first time, we found sex-specific differences in duodenal morphology. HFD feeding reduced microvilli height in Tff3-deficient females compared to that in Wt females, suggesting a possible effect on microvillar actin filament dynamics. These changes could not be attributed to genes involved in ER and oxidative stress, apoptosis, or inflammation. Tff3-deficient males exhibited a reduced cecal crypt depth compared to that of Wt males, but this was not the case in females. Microbiome-related short-chain fatty acid content was not affected by Tff3 deficiency in HFD-fed male or female mice. Sex-related differences due to Tff3 deficiency imply the need to consider both sexes in future studies on the role of Tff in intestinal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Šešelja
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bjenička 54, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia; (K.Š.); (I.B.)
| | - Iva Bazina
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bjenička 54, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia; (K.Š.); (I.B.)
| | - Milka Vrecl
- Institute of Preclinical Sciences, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Gerbičeva 60, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Jessica Farger
- Institute of Functional and Clinical Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (J.F.); (M.S.); (F.P.)
| | - Martin Schicht
- Institute of Functional and Clinical Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (J.F.); (M.S.); (F.P.)
| | - Friedrich Paulsen
- Institute of Functional and Clinical Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (J.F.); (M.S.); (F.P.)
| | - Mirela Baus Lončar
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bjenička 54, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia; (K.Š.); (I.B.)
| | - Tatjana Pirman
- Department of Animal Science, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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8
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Shelton CD, Sing E, Mo J, Shealy NG, Yoo W, Thomas J, Fitz GN, Castro PR, Hickman TT, Torres TP, Foegeding NJ, Zieba JK, Calcutt MW, Codreanu SG, Sherrod SD, McLean JA, Peck SH, Yang F, Markham NO, Liu M, Byndloss MX. An early-life microbiota metabolite protects against obesity by regulating intestinal lipid metabolism. Cell Host Microbe 2023; 31:1604-1619.e10. [PMID: 37794592 PMCID: PMC10593428 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2023.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
The mechanisms by which the early-life microbiota protects against environmental factors that promote childhood obesity remain largely unknown. Using a mouse model in which young mice are simultaneously exposed to antibiotics and a high-fat (HF) diet, we show that Lactobacillus species, predominant members of the small intestine (SI) microbiota, regulate intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) to limit diet-induced obesity during early life. A Lactobacillus-derived metabolite, phenyllactic acid (PLA), protects against metabolic dysfunction caused by early-life exposure to antibiotics and a HF diet by increasing the abundance of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPAR-γ) in SI IECs. Therefore, PLA is a microbiota-derived metabolite that activates protective pathways in the small intestinal epithelium to regulate intestinal lipid metabolism and prevent antibiotic-associated obesity during early life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine D Shelton
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Elizabeth Sing
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Jessica Mo
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Nicolas G Shealy
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Woongjae Yoo
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Julia Thomas
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Gillian N Fitz
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Pollyana R Castro
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Laboratory of Immunoinflammation, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology, and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo 12083-862, Brazil
| | - Tara T Hickman
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Teresa P Torres
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Nora J Foegeding
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Jacob K Zieba
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - M Wade Calcutt
- Mass Spectrometry Research Center and Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Simona G Codreanu
- Center for Innovative Technology and Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Stacy D Sherrod
- Center for Innovative Technology and Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - John A McLean
- Center for Innovative Technology and Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Sun H Peck
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University School of Engineering, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Nicholas O Markham
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Vanderbilt Institute of Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Min Liu
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Metabolic Diseases Institute, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45237, USA
| | - Mariana X Byndloss
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Institute of Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Digestive Disease Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Microbiome Innovation Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
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9
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Chaukimath P, Frankel G, Visweswariah SS. The metabolic impact of bacterial infection in the gut. FEBS J 2023; 290:3928-3945. [PMID: 35731686 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial infections of the gut are one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The interplay between the pathogen and the host is finely balanced, with the bacteria evolving to proliferate and establish infection. In contrast, the host mounts a response to first restrict and then eliminate the infection. The intestine is a rapidly proliferating tissue, and metabolism is tuned to cater to the demands of proliferation and differentiation along the crypt-villus axis (CVA) in the gut. As bacterial pathogens encounter the intestinal epithelium, they elicit changes in the host cell, and core metabolic pathways such as the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, lipid metabolism and glycolysis are affected. This review highlights the mechanisms utilized by diverse gut bacterial pathogens to subvert host metabolism and describes host responses to the infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Chaukimath
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Gad Frankel
- Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection and Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Sandhya S Visweswariah
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
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10
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Yang TN, Li XN, Wang YX, Ma XY, Li JL. Disrupted microbiota-barrier-immune interaction in phthalates-mediated barrier defect in the duodenum. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 308:136275. [PMID: 36058374 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
As one of the most used phthalates, Di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is a widespread environmental contaminant. Extremely persistent plastic can enter the food chain of animals through the aquatic environment, affect metabolic pathways and cause damage to the digestive system. But the molecular mechanism of its toxic effects on the duodenum in birds has not been elucidated. To investigate the toxicity of phthalates in the duodenum, quails were gavaged with 250, 500, and 750 mg/kg doses of DEHP for 45 days, and water and oil control groups were retained. This study revealed that subchronic exposure to DEHP could lead to duodenal barrier defect in quail. The damage to duodenum was reflected in a reduction in V/C and tight junction proteins. Moreover, DEHP also led to a breakdown of antimicrobial defenses through the flora derangement, which acted as a biological barrier. The massive presence of Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) led to the activation of TLR4 receptors. In addition, DEHP activated oxidative stress, which synergized the inflammatory response induced by the TLR4-NFκB pathway, and further promoted duodenum damage. This study provides a base for the further effect of phthalates on the microbiota-barrier-immune interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Ning Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Xue-Nan Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China; Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China; Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Yu-Xiang Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Xiang-Yu Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Jin-Long Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China; Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China; Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China.
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11
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Enriquez JR, McCauley HA, Zhang KX, Sanchez JG, Kalin GT, Lang RA, Wells JM. A dietary change to a high-fat diet initiates a rapid adaptation of the intestine. Cell Rep 2022; 41:111641. [PMID: 36384107 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-term impacts of diet have been well studied; however, the immediate response of the intestinal epithelium to a change in nutrients remains poorly understood. We use physiological metrics and single-cell transcriptomics to interrogate the intestinal epithelial cell response to a high-fat diet (HFD). Within 1 day of HFD exposure, mice exhibit altered whole-body physiology and increased intestinal epithelial proliferation. Single-cell transcriptional analysis on day 1 reveals a cell-stress response in intestinal crypts and a shift toward fatty acid metabolism. By 3 days of HFD, computational trajectory analysis suggests an emergence of progenitors, with a transcriptional profile shifting from secretory populations toward enterocytes. Furthermore, enterocytes upregulate lipid absorption genes and show increased lipid absorption in vivo over 7 days of HFD. These findings demonstrate the rapid intestinal epithelial response to a dietary change and help illustrate the essential ability of animals to adapt to shifting nutritional environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob R Enriquez
- Division of Developmental Biology, Abrahamson Pediatric Eye Institute-Division of Pediatric Ophthalmology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3039, USA
| | - Heather A McCauley
- Division of Developmental Biology, Abrahamson Pediatric Eye Institute-Division of Pediatric Ophthalmology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3039, USA
| | - Kevin X Zhang
- The Visual Systems Group, Abrahamson Pediatric Eye Institute-Division of Pediatric Ophthalmology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3039, USA; Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - J Guillermo Sanchez
- Division of Developmental Biology, Abrahamson Pediatric Eye Institute-Division of Pediatric Ophthalmology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3039, USA
| | - Gregory T Kalin
- Division of Developmental Biology, Abrahamson Pediatric Eye Institute-Division of Pediatric Ophthalmology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3039, USA
| | - Richard A Lang
- Division of Developmental Biology, Abrahamson Pediatric Eye Institute-Division of Pediatric Ophthalmology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3039, USA; The Visual Systems Group, Abrahamson Pediatric Eye Institute-Division of Pediatric Ophthalmology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3039, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - James M Wells
- Division of Developmental Biology, Abrahamson Pediatric Eye Institute-Division of Pediatric Ophthalmology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3039, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Abrahamson Pediatric Eye Institute-Division of Pediatric Ophthalmology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3039, USA; Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine (CuSTOM), Abrahamson Pediatric Eye Institute-Division of Pediatric Ophthalmology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3039, USA.
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12
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Yang TN, Li XN, Li XW, Li JY, Huang YQ, Li JL. DEHP triggers a damage severity grade increase in the jejunum in quail (Coturnix japonica) by disturbing nuclear xenobiotic receptors and the Nrf2-mediated defense response. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2022; 96:104012. [PMID: 36372389 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2022.104012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
As a plasticizer, di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) has been listed as a potential endocrine disruptor by The World Health Organization. The toxicity of DEHP has been widely studied, but its toxicity on the digestive tract of birds has not been clarified. Female quail were treated by gavage with DEHP (250, 500, 750 mg/kg), with the blank and vehicle control groups reserved. The result showed that DEHP raised the damage severity grade, and decreased the ratio of villus length to crypt depth. The content and activity of cytochrome P450 system (CYP450s) were increased by DEHP. DEHP interfered with the transcription of nuclear xenobiotic receptors (NXRs), CYP isoforms, and the nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling pathway. This study revealed DEHP could cause the imbalance in CYP450s mediated by NXRs, and then promote Nrf2 mediated antioxidant defense. This study provided new evidence about the mechanisms of DEHP-induced toxic effects on digestive tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Ning Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Xue-Nan Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China; Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China; Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Xiao-Wei Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Jin-Yang Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Yue-Qiang Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Jin-Long Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China; Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China; Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China.
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13
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Morphological Adaptation in the Jejunal Mucosa after Iso-Caloric High-Fat versus High-Carbohydrate Diets in Healthy Volunteers: Data from a Randomized Crossover Study. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14194123. [PMID: 36235775 PMCID: PMC9572503 DOI: 10.3390/nu14194123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The conditions for jejunal glucose absorption in healthy subjects have not been thoroughly studied. In this study we investigated differences in the jejunal villi enlargement factor, as well as ultrastructural aspects of the surface enterocytes and mitochondria, comparing 2 weeks of high-carbohydrate (HCD) versus high-fat diets (HFD). We also measured the ketogenesis rate-limiting enzyme 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase (HMGCS2) in relation to jejunal mitochondria. METHODS A single-centre, randomized, unblinded crossover study in 15 healthy volunteers ingesting strictly controlled equicaloric diets (either HCD or HFD), with 60% energy from the respective source. An enteroscopy was carried out after 2 weeks of each diet and jejunal mucosal biopsies were acquired. Conventional histology, immunofluorescent staining, transmission electron microscopy and confocal microscopy were used. RESULTS The villi did not demonstrate any change in the epithelial enlargement factor. Despite an increased mitosis, there were no changes in apoptotic indices. However, the ultrastructural analysis demonstrated a significant increase in the enlargement factor at the bases of the villi. The mitochondria demonstrated increased amounts of cristae after the HFD. The confocal microscopy revealed increased HMGCS2 per mitochondrial marker at the top of the villi after the HFD compared to the HCD. CONCLUSION There is a morphometric adaption in the jejunal mucosa following the 2-week diets, not only on a histological level, but rather on the ultrastructural level. This study supports the notion that mitochondrial HMGCS2 is regulated by the fat content of the diet and is involved in the expression of monosaccharide transporters.
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14
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Guerbette T, Boudry G, Lan A. Mitochondrial function in intestinal epithelium homeostasis and modulation in diet-induced obesity. Mol Metab 2022; 63:101546. [PMID: 35817394 PMCID: PMC9305624 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2022.101546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Systemic low-grade inflammation observed in diet-induced obesity has been associated with dysbiosis and disturbance of intestinal homeostasis. This latter relies on an efficient epithelial barrier and coordinated intestinal epithelial cell (IEC) renewal that are supported by their mitochondrial function. However, IEC mitochondrial function might be impaired by high fat diet (HFD) consumption, notably through gut-derived metabolite production and fatty acids, that may act as metabolic perturbators of IEC. Scope of review This review presents the current general knowledge on mitochondria, before focusing on IEC mitochondrial function and its role in the control of intestinal homeostasis, and featuring the known effects of nutrients and metabolites, originating from the diet or gut bacterial metabolism, on IEC mitochondrial function. It then summarizes the impact of HFD on mitochondrial function in IEC of both small intestine and colon and discusses the possible link between mitochondrial dysfunction and altered intestinal homeostasis in diet-induced obesity. Major conclusions HFD consumption provokes a metabolic shift toward fatty acid β-oxidation in the small intestine epithelial cells and impairs colonocyte mitochondrial function, possibly through downstream consequences of excessive fatty acid β-oxidation and/or the presence of deleterious metabolites produced by the gut microbiota. Decreased levels of ATP and concomitant O2 leaks into the intestinal lumen could explain the alterations of intestinal epithelium dynamics, barrier disruption and dysbiosis that contribute to the loss of epithelial homeostasis in diet-induced obesity. However, the effect of HFD on IEC mitochondrial function in the small intestine remains unknown and the precise mechanisms by which HFD induces mitochondrial dysfunction in the colon have not been elucidated so far.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gaëlle Boudry
- Institut Numecan, INSERM, INRAE, Univ Rennes, Rennes, France.
| | - Annaïg Lan
- Institut Numecan, INSERM, INRAE, Univ Rennes, Rennes, France; Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR PNCA, Paris, France
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15
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Holm S, Husted AS, Skov LJ, Morville TH, Hagemann CA, Jorsal T, Dall M, Jakobsen A, Klein AB, Treebak JT, Knop FK, Schwartz TW, Clemmensen C, Holst B. Beta-Hydroxybutyrate Suppresses Hepatic Production of the Ghrelin Receptor Antagonist LEAP2. Endocrinology 2022; 163:6555773. [PMID: 35352108 PMCID: PMC9119693 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqac038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Liver-expressed antimicrobial peptide-2 (LEAP2) is an endogenous ghrelin receptor antagonist, which is upregulated in the fed state and downregulated during fasting. We hypothesized that the ketone body beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) is involved in the downregulation of LEAP2 during conditions with high circulating levels of BHB. METHODS Hepatic and intestinal Leap2 expression were determined in 3 groups of mice with increasing circulating levels of BHB: prolonged fasting, prolonged ketogenic diet, and oral BHB treatment. LEAP2 levels were measured in lean and obese individuals, in human individuals following endurance exercise, and in mice after BHB treatment. Lastly, we investigated Leap2 expression in isolated murine hepatocytes challenged with BHB. RESULTS We confirmed increased circulating LEAP2 levels in individuals with obesity compared to lean individuals. The recovery period after endurance exercise was associated with increased plasma levels of BHB levels and decreased LEAP2 levels in humans. Leap2 expression was selectively decreased in the liver after fasting and after exposure to a ketogenic diet for 3 weeks. Importantly, we found that oral administration of BHB increased circulating levels of BHB in mice and decreased Leap2 expression levels and circulating LEAP2 plasma levels, as did Leap2 expression after direct exposure to BHB in isolated murine hepatocytes. CONCLUSION From our data, we suggest that LEAP2 is downregulated during different states of energy deprivation in both humans and rodents. Furthermore, we here provide evidence that the ketone body, BHB, which is highly upregulated during fasting metabolism, directly downregulates LEAP2 levels. This may be relevant in ghrelin receptor-induced hunger signaling during energy deprivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Holm
- Correspondence: Stephanie Holm, MSc, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research (6th floor) & Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Anna S Husted
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Louise J Skov
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas H Morville
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christoffer A Hagemann
- Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Copenhagen University Hospital—Herlev and Gentofte, 2900 Hellerup, Denmark
- Gubra, 2970 Hørsholm, Denmark
| | - Tina Jorsal
- Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Copenhagen University Hospital—Herlev and Gentofte, 2900 Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Morten Dall
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Alexander Jakobsen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders B Klein
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jonas T Treebak
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Filip K Knop
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Copenhagen University Hospital—Herlev and Gentofte, 2900 Hellerup, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, 2730 Herlev, Denmark
| | - Thue W Schwartz
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christoffer Clemmensen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Birgitte Holst
- Correspondence: Birgitte Holst MD, PhD, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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16
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Elebring E, Wallenius V, Casselbrant A, Docherty NG, le Roux CW, Marschall HU, Fändriks L. A Fatty Diet Induces a Jejunal Ketogenesis Which Inhibits Local SGLT1-Based Glucose Transport via an Acetylation Mechanism—Results from a Randomized Cross-Over Study between Iso-Caloric High-Fat versus High-Carbohydrate Diets in Healthy Volunteers. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14091961. [PMID: 35565929 PMCID: PMC9100393 DOI: 10.3390/nu14091961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aims: Insights into the nature of gut adaptation after different diets enhance the understanding of how food modifications can be used to treat type 2 diabetes and obesity. The aim was to understand how diets, enriched in fat or carbohydrates, affect glucose absorption in the human healthy jejunum, and what mechanisms are involved. Methods: Fifteen healthy subjects received, in randomised order and a crossover study design, two weeks of iso-caloric high-fat diet (HFD) and high-carbohydrate diet (HCD). Following each dietary period, jejunal mucosa samples were retrieved and assessed for protein expression using immunofluorescence and western blotting. Functional characterisation of epithelial glucose transport was assessed ex vivo using Ussing chambers. Regulation of SGLT1 through histone acetylation was studied in vitro in Caco-2 and human jejunal enteroid monolayer cultures. Results: HFD, compared to HCD, decreased jejunal Ussing chamber epithelial glucose transport and the expression of apical transporters for glucose (SGLT1) and fructose (GLUT5), while expression of the basolateral glucose transporter GLUT2 was increased. HFD also increased protein expression of the ketogenesis rate-limiting enzyme mitochondrial 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase (HMGCS2) and decreased the acetylation of histone 3 at lysine 9 (H3K9ac). Studies in Caco-2 and human jejunal enteroid monolayer cultures indicated a ketogenesis-induced activation of sirtuins, in turn decreasing SGLT1 expression. Conclusion: Jejunal glucose absorption is decreased by a fat-enriched diet, via a ketogenesis-induced alteration of histone acetylation responsible for the silencing of SGLT1 transcription. The work relates to a secondary outcome in ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02088853).
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Elebring
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Department of Surgery, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE41345 Gothenburg, Sweden; (E.E.); (V.W.); (A.C.)
| | - Ville Wallenius
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Department of Surgery, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE41345 Gothenburg, Sweden; (E.E.); (V.W.); (A.C.)
- Department of Surgery, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, SE41345 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anna Casselbrant
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Department of Surgery, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE41345 Gothenburg, Sweden; (E.E.); (V.W.); (A.C.)
| | - Neil G. Docherty
- Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland; (N.G.D.); (C.W.l.R.)
| | - Carel W. le Roux
- Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland; (N.G.D.); (C.W.l.R.)
| | - Hanns-Ulrich Marschall
- Institute of Medicine, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE41345 Gothenburg, Sweden;
- Department of Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, SE41345 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lars Fändriks
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Department of Surgery, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE41345 Gothenburg, Sweden; (E.E.); (V.W.); (A.C.)
- Department of Surgery, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, SE41345 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +46-313424123
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Lebrun LJ, Moreira S, Tavernier A, Niot I. Postprandial consequences of lipid absorption in the onset of obesity: Role of intestinal CD36. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2022; 1867:159154. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2022.159154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Anwer H, Morris MJ, Noble DWA, Nakagawa S, Lagisz M. Transgenerational effects of obesogenic diets in rodents: A meta-analysis. Obes Rev 2022; 23:e13342. [PMID: 34595817 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a major health condition that affects millions worldwide. There is an increased interest in understanding the adverse outcomes associated with obesogenic diets. A multitude of studies have investigated the transgenerational impacts of maternal and parental obesogenic diets on subsequent generations of offspring, but results have largely been mixed. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis on rodent studies to elucidate how obesogenic diets impact the mean and variance of grand-offspring traits. Our study focused on transgenerational effects (i.e., F2 and F3 generations) in one-off and multigenerational exposure studies. From 33 included articles, we obtained 407 effect sizes representing pairwise comparisons of control and treatment grand-offspring groups pertaining to measures of body weight, adiposity, glucose, insulin, leptin, and triglycerides. We found evidence that male and female grand-offspring descended from grandparents exposed to an obesogenic diet displayed phenotypes consistent with metabolic syndrome, especially in cases where the obesogenic diet was continued across generations. Further, we found stronger evidence for the effects of grand-maternal than grand-paternal exposure on grand-offspring traits. A high-fat diet in one-off exposure studies did not seem to impact phenotypic variation, whereas in multigenerational exposure studies it reduced variation in several traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamza Anwer
- Evolution and Ecology Research Centre and School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Margaret J Morris
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Daniel W A Noble
- Evolution and Ecology Research Centre and School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Division of Ecology and Evolution, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Shinichi Nakagawa
- Evolution and Ecology Research Centre and School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Malgorzata Lagisz
- Evolution and Ecology Research Centre and School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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19
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Zhang H, Zheng P, Chen D, Yu B, He J, Mao X, Yu J, Luo Y, Luo J, Huang Z, Yan H. Dietary Arginine Supplementation Improves Intestinal Mitochondrial Functions in Low-Birth-Weight Piglets but Not in Normal-Birth-Weight Piglets. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10121995. [PMID: 34943098 PMCID: PMC8698761 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10121995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous studies revealed that L-arginine supplementation had beneficial effects on intestinal barrier functions of low-birth-weight (LBW) piglets, which were associated with the enhanced antioxidant capacity. Moreover, mitochondrial functions are closely related to the redox state. This study was to explore potential mechanisms of L-arginine-induced beneficial effects against intestinal dysfunction by regulating mitochondrial function of LBW piglets. Twenty 4-day-old normal birth weight (NBW) piglets (BW: 2.08 ± 0.09 kg) and 20 LBW siblings (BW: 1.16 ± 0.07 kg) were artificially fed either a basal diet or a basal diet supplemented with 1.0% L-arginine for 21 d, respectively. Growth performance, intestinal morphology, redox status, mitochondrial morphology, and mitochondrial functions were examined. Data were subjected to two-way analysis of variance. LBW piglets presented lower (p < 0.05) ADG, shorter (p < 0.05) intestinal villus height, lower (p < 0.05) jejunal adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content and higher (p < 0.05) concentrations of Ca2+ and 8-OH-dG in jejunal mitochondria, compared with NBW piglets. Supplementation with 1.0% L-arginine significantly increased (p < 0.05) ADG, the activities of CAT, SOD, and GPx, intestinal villus height and mRNA abundances of ZO-1 (2-fold) in the jejunum of LBW piglets, but not in NBW piglets. Furthermore, the concentrations of ATP and the transcription of COX IV, COX V genes were up-regulated (p < 0.05) and the concentration of Ca2+ and 8-OH-dG were decreased (p < 0.05) in arginine-treated LBW piglets. The results suggest that mitochondrial morphology is affected, and mitochondrial functions are impaired in the jejunum of LBW piglets. While supplementation with 1.0% L-arginine relieved intestinal dysfunction through enhancing antioxidant capacity and improving mitochondrial functions via repairing mitochondrial morphology, normalizing mitochondrial calcium, and increasing ATP concentration in the jejunum of LBW piglets. However, supplementation with L-arginine has no significant beneficial effects on intestinal health in NBW piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- Animal Nutrition Insititute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (H.Z.); (D.C.); (B.Y.); (J.H.); (X.M.); (J.Y.); (Y.L.); (J.L.); (Z.H.); (H.Y.)
| | - Ping Zheng
- Animal Nutrition Insititute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (H.Z.); (D.C.); (B.Y.); (J.H.); (X.M.); (J.Y.); (Y.L.); (J.L.); (Z.H.); (H.Y.)
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, China Ministry of Education, Chengdu 611130, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-028-86290922
| | - Daiwen Chen
- Animal Nutrition Insititute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (H.Z.); (D.C.); (B.Y.); (J.H.); (X.M.); (J.Y.); (Y.L.); (J.L.); (Z.H.); (H.Y.)
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, China Ministry of Education, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Bing Yu
- Animal Nutrition Insititute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (H.Z.); (D.C.); (B.Y.); (J.H.); (X.M.); (J.Y.); (Y.L.); (J.L.); (Z.H.); (H.Y.)
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, China Ministry of Education, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jun He
- Animal Nutrition Insititute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (H.Z.); (D.C.); (B.Y.); (J.H.); (X.M.); (J.Y.); (Y.L.); (J.L.); (Z.H.); (H.Y.)
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, China Ministry of Education, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xiangbing Mao
- Animal Nutrition Insititute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (H.Z.); (D.C.); (B.Y.); (J.H.); (X.M.); (J.Y.); (Y.L.); (J.L.); (Z.H.); (H.Y.)
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, China Ministry of Education, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jie Yu
- Animal Nutrition Insititute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (H.Z.); (D.C.); (B.Y.); (J.H.); (X.M.); (J.Y.); (Y.L.); (J.L.); (Z.H.); (H.Y.)
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, China Ministry of Education, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yuheng Luo
- Animal Nutrition Insititute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (H.Z.); (D.C.); (B.Y.); (J.H.); (X.M.); (J.Y.); (Y.L.); (J.L.); (Z.H.); (H.Y.)
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, China Ministry of Education, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Junqiu Luo
- Animal Nutrition Insititute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (H.Z.); (D.C.); (B.Y.); (J.H.); (X.M.); (J.Y.); (Y.L.); (J.L.); (Z.H.); (H.Y.)
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, China Ministry of Education, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Zhiqing Huang
- Animal Nutrition Insititute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (H.Z.); (D.C.); (B.Y.); (J.H.); (X.M.); (J.Y.); (Y.L.); (J.L.); (Z.H.); (H.Y.)
| | - Hui Yan
- Animal Nutrition Insititute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (H.Z.); (D.C.); (B.Y.); (J.H.); (X.M.); (J.Y.); (Y.L.); (J.L.); (Z.H.); (H.Y.)
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20
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Morris EM, Noland RD, Ponte ME, Montonye ML, Christianson JA, Stanford JA, Miles JM, Hayes MR, Thyfault JP. Reduced Liver-Specific PGC1a Increases Susceptibility for Short-Term Diet-Induced Weight Gain in Male Mice. Nutrients 2021; 13:2596. [PMID: 34444756 PMCID: PMC8400659 DOI: 10.3390/nu13082596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The central integration of peripheral neural signals is one mechanism by which systemic energy homeostasis is regulated. Previously, increased acute food intake following the chemical reduction of hepatic fatty acid oxidation and ATP levels was prevented by common hepatic branch vagotomy (HBV). However, possible offsite actions of the chemical compounds confound the precise role of liver energy metabolism. Herein, we used a hepatocyte PGC1a heterozygous (LPGC1a) mouse model, with associated reductions in mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation and respiratory capacity, to assess the role of liver energy metabolism in systemic energy homeostasis. LPGC1a male, but not female, mice had a 70% greater high-fat/high-sucrose (HFHS) diet-induced weight gain compared to wildtype (WT) mice (p < 0.05). The greater weight gain was associated with altered feeding behavior and lower activity energy expenditure during the HFHS diet in LPGC1a males. WT and LPGC1a mice underwent sham surgery or HBV to assess whether vagal signaling was involved in the HFHS-induced weight gain of male LPGC1a mice. HBV increased HFHS-induced weight gain (85%, p < 0.05) in male WT mice, but not LPGC1a mice. These data demonstrate a sex-specific role of reduced liver energy metabolism in acute diet-induced weight gain, and the need for a more nuanced assessment of the role of vagal signaling in short-term diet-induced weight gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Matthew Morris
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA; (R.D.N.); (M.E.P.); (J.A.S.); (J.P.T.)
- Center for Children’s Healthy Lifestyle and Nutrition, Children’s Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | - Roberto D. Noland
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA; (R.D.N.); (M.E.P.); (J.A.S.); (J.P.T.)
| | - Michael E. Ponte
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA; (R.D.N.); (M.E.P.); (J.A.S.); (J.P.T.)
| | - Michelle L. Montonye
- Department of Nutrition & Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA;
| | - Julie A. Christianson
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA;
| | - John A. Stanford
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA; (R.D.N.); (M.E.P.); (J.A.S.); (J.P.T.)
| | - John M. Miles
- Department of Internal Medicine—Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA;
| | - Matthew R. Hayes
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA;
| | - John P. Thyfault
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA; (R.D.N.); (M.E.P.); (J.A.S.); (J.P.T.)
- Center for Children’s Healthy Lifestyle and Nutrition, Children’s Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine—Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA;
- Kansas City VA Medical Center-Research Service, Kansas City, MO 64128, USA
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21
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Trujillo‐Viera J, El‐Merahbi R, Schmidt V, Karwen T, Loza‐Valdes A, Strohmeyer A, Reuter S, Noh M, Wit M, Hawro I, Mocek S, Fey C, Mayer AE, Löffler MC, Wilhelmi I, Metzger M, Ishikawa E, Yamasaki S, Rau M, Geier A, Hankir M, Seyfried F, Klingenspor M, Sumara G. Protein Kinase D2 drives chylomicron-mediated lipid transport in the intestine and promotes obesity. EMBO Mol Med 2021; 13:e13548. [PMID: 33949105 PMCID: PMC8103097 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202013548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipids are the most energy-dense components of the diet, and their overconsumption promotes obesity and diabetes. Dietary fat content has been linked to the lipid processing activity by the intestine and its overall capacity to absorb triglycerides (TG). However, the signaling cascades driving intestinal lipid absorption in response to elevated dietary fat are largely unknown. Here, we describe an unexpected role of the protein kinase D2 (PKD2) in lipid homeostasis. We demonstrate that PKD2 activity promotes chylomicron-mediated TG transfer in enterocytes. PKD2 increases chylomicron size to enhance the TG secretion on the basolateral side of the mouse and human enterocytes, which is associated with decreased abundance of APOA4. PKD2 activation in intestine also correlates positively with circulating TG in obese human patients. Importantly, deletion, inactivation, or inhibition of PKD2 ameliorates high-fat diet-induced obesity and diabetes and improves gut microbiota profile in mice. Taken together, our findings suggest that PKD2 represents a key signaling node promoting dietary fat absorption and may serve as an attractive target for the treatment of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Trujillo‐Viera
- Rudolf‐Virchow‐ZentrumCenter for Integrative and Translational BioimagingUniversity of WürzburgWürzburgGermany
| | - Rabih El‐Merahbi
- Rudolf‐Virchow‐ZentrumCenter for Integrative and Translational BioimagingUniversity of WürzburgWürzburgGermany
| | - Vanessa Schmidt
- Rudolf‐Virchow‐ZentrumCenter for Integrative and Translational BioimagingUniversity of WürzburgWürzburgGermany
| | - Till Karwen
- Rudolf‐Virchow‐ZentrumCenter for Integrative and Translational BioimagingUniversity of WürzburgWürzburgGermany
| | - Angel Loza‐Valdes
- Nencki Institute of Experimental BiologyPolish Academy of SciencesWarszawaPoland
| | - Akim Strohmeyer
- Chair for Molecular Nutritional MedicineTechnical University of MunichTUM School of Life Sciences WeihenstephanFreisingGermany
- EKFZ ‐ Else Kröner‐Fresenius‐Center for Nutritional MedicineTechnical University of MunichMunichGermany
- ZIEL ‐ Institute for Food & HealthTechnical University of MunichFreisingGermany
| | - Saskia Reuter
- Rudolf‐Virchow‐ZentrumCenter for Integrative and Translational BioimagingUniversity of WürzburgWürzburgGermany
| | - Minhee Noh
- Rudolf‐Virchow‐ZentrumCenter for Integrative and Translational BioimagingUniversity of WürzburgWürzburgGermany
| | - Magdalena Wit
- Nencki Institute of Experimental BiologyPolish Academy of SciencesWarszawaPoland
| | - Izabela Hawro
- Nencki Institute of Experimental BiologyPolish Academy of SciencesWarszawaPoland
| | - Sabine Mocek
- Chair for Molecular Nutritional MedicineTechnical University of MunichTUM School of Life Sciences WeihenstephanFreisingGermany
- EKFZ ‐ Else Kröner‐Fresenius‐Center for Nutritional MedicineTechnical University of MunichMunichGermany
- ZIEL ‐ Institute for Food & HealthTechnical University of MunichFreisingGermany
| | - Christina Fey
- Fraunhofer Institute for Silicate Research (ISC)Translational Center Regenerative Therapies (TLC‐RT)WürzburgGermany
| | - Alexander E Mayer
- Rudolf‐Virchow‐ZentrumCenter for Integrative and Translational BioimagingUniversity of WürzburgWürzburgGermany
| | - Mona C Löffler
- Rudolf‐Virchow‐ZentrumCenter for Integrative and Translational BioimagingUniversity of WürzburgWürzburgGermany
| | - Ilka Wilhelmi
- Department of Experimental DiabetologyGerman Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam‐RehbrueckeNuthetalGermany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD)München‐NeuherbergGermany
| | - Marco Metzger
- Fraunhofer Institute for Silicate Research (ISC)Translational Center Regenerative Therapies (TLC‐RT)WürzburgGermany
| | - Eri Ishikawa
- Molecular ImmunologyResearch Institute for Microbial Diseases (RIMD)Osaka UniversitySuitaJapan
- Molecular ImmunologyImmunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC)Osaka UniversitySuitaJapan
| | - Sho Yamasaki
- Molecular ImmunologyResearch Institute for Microbial Diseases (RIMD)Osaka UniversitySuitaJapan
- Molecular ImmunologyImmunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC)Osaka UniversitySuitaJapan
| | - Monika Rau
- Division of HepatologyUniversity Hospital WürzburgWürzburgGermany
| | - Andreas Geier
- Division of HepatologyUniversity Hospital WürzburgWürzburgGermany
| | - Mohammed Hankir
- Department of General, Visceral, Transplant, Vascular and Pediatric SurgeryUniversity Hospital WürzburgWürzburgGermany
| | - Florian Seyfried
- Department of General, Visceral, Transplant, Vascular and Pediatric SurgeryUniversity Hospital WürzburgWürzburgGermany
| | - Martin Klingenspor
- Chair for Molecular Nutritional MedicineTechnical University of MunichTUM School of Life Sciences WeihenstephanFreisingGermany
- EKFZ ‐ Else Kröner‐Fresenius‐Center for Nutritional MedicineTechnical University of MunichMunichGermany
- ZIEL ‐ Institute for Food & HealthTechnical University of MunichFreisingGermany
| | - Grzegorz Sumara
- Rudolf‐Virchow‐ZentrumCenter for Integrative and Translational BioimagingUniversity of WürzburgWürzburgGermany
- Nencki Institute of Experimental BiologyPolish Academy of SciencesWarszawaPoland
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22
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Gil-Zamorano J, Tomé-Carneiro J, Lopez de Las Hazas MC, Del Pozo-Acebo L, Crespo MC, Gómez-Coronado D, Chapado LA, Herrera E, Latasa MJ, Ruiz-Roso MB, Castro-Camarero M, Briand O, Dávalos A. Intestinal miRNAs regulated in response to dietary lipids. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18921. [PMID: 33144601 PMCID: PMC7642330 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75751-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of miRNAs in intestinal lipid metabolism is poorly described. The small intestine is constantly exposed to high amounts of dietary lipids, and it is under conditions of stress that the functions of miRNAs become especially pronounced. Approaches consisting in either a chronic exposure to cholesterol and triglyceride rich diets (for several days or weeks) or an acute lipid challenge were employed in the search for intestinal miRNAs with a potential role in lipid metabolism regulation. According to our results, changes in miRNA expression in response to fat ingestion are dependent on factors such as time upon exposure, gender and small intestine section. Classic and recent intestinal in vitro models (i.e. differentiated Caco-2 cells and murine organoids) partially mirror miRNA modulation in response to lipid challenges in vivo. Moreover, intestinal miRNAs might play a role in triglyceride absorption and produce changes in lipid accumulation in intestinal tissues as seen in a generated intestinal Dicer1-deletion murine model. Overall, despite some variability between the different experimental cohorts and in vitro models, results show that some miRNAs analysed here are modulated in response to dietary lipids, hence likely to participate in the regulation of lipid metabolism, and call for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judit Gil-Zamorano
- Laboratory of Epigenetics of Lipid Metabolism, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies Food (IMDEA Food), CEI UAM + CSIC, Carretera de Canto Blanco, 8, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - João Tomé-Carneiro
- Laboratory of Functional Foods, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies Food (IMDEA Food), CEI UAM CSIC, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - María-Carmen Lopez de Las Hazas
- Laboratory of Epigenetics of Lipid Metabolism, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies Food (IMDEA Food), CEI UAM + CSIC, Carretera de Canto Blanco, 8, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lorena Del Pozo-Acebo
- Laboratory of Epigenetics of Lipid Metabolism, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies Food (IMDEA Food), CEI UAM + CSIC, Carretera de Canto Blanco, 8, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Carmen Crespo
- Laboratory of Functional Foods, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies Food (IMDEA Food), CEI UAM CSIC, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Diego Gómez-Coronado
- Servicio de Bioquímica-Investigación, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS, 28034, Madrid, Spain.,Centre of Biomedical Research in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis A Chapado
- Laboratory of Epigenetics of Lipid Metabolism, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies Food (IMDEA Food), CEI UAM + CSIC, Carretera de Canto Blanco, 8, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Emilio Herrera
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, Faculties of Pharmacy and Medicine, Universidad San Pablo CEU, 28668, Madrid, Spain
| | - María-Jesús Latasa
- Laboratory of Epigenetics of Lipid Metabolism, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies Food (IMDEA Food), CEI UAM + CSIC, Carretera de Canto Blanco, 8, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Belén Ruiz-Roso
- Laboratory of Epigenetics of Lipid Metabolism, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies Food (IMDEA Food), CEI UAM + CSIC, Carretera de Canto Blanco, 8, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mónica Castro-Camarero
- Servicio de Cirugía Experimental, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS, 28034, Madrid, Spain
| | - Olivier Briand
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, Lille, 59000, France
| | - Alberto Dávalos
- Laboratory of Epigenetics of Lipid Metabolism, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies Food (IMDEA Food), CEI UAM + CSIC, Carretera de Canto Blanco, 8, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
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23
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Lema I, Araújo JR, Rolhion N, Demignot S. Jejunum: The understudied meeting place of dietary lipids and the microbiota. Biochimie 2020; 178:124-136. [PMID: 32949677 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2020.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Although the jejunum is the main intestinal compartment responsible for lipid digestion and absorption, most of the studies assessing the impact of dietary lipids on the intestinal microbiota have been performed in the ileum, colon and faeces. This lack of interest in the jejunum is due to the much lower number of microbes present in this intestinal region and to the difficulty in accessing its lumen, which requires invasive methods. Recently, several recent publications highlighted that the whole jejunal microbiota or specific bacterial members are able to modulate lipid absorption and metabolism in enterocytes. This information reveals new strategies in the development of bacterial- and metabolite-based therapeutic interventions or nutraceutical recommendations to treat or prevent metabolic-related disorders, including obesity, cardiovascular diseases and malnutrition. This review is strictly focused on the following triad: dietary lipids, the jejunal epithelium and the jejunal microbiota. First, we will describe each member of the triad: the structure and functions of the jejunum, the composition of the jejunal microbiota, and dietary lipid handling by enterocytes and by microorganisms. Then, we will present the mechanisms leading to lipid malabsorption in small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO), a disease in which the jejunal microbiota is altered and which highlights the strong interactions among this triad. We will finally review the recent literature about the interactions among members of the triad, which should encourage research teams to further explore the mechanisms by which specific microbial strains or metabolites, alone or in concert, can mediate, control or modulate lipid absorption in the jejunum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Lema
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, CRSA, UMR_S 938, F-75012, Paris, France; EPHE, PSL University, F-75014, Paris, France
| | - João Ricardo Araújo
- Nutrition and Metabolism, NOVA Medical School, NOVA University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal; Center for Health Technology Services Research (CINTESIS), Oporto, Portugal
| | - Nathalie Rolhion
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, CRSA, UMR_S 938, F-75012, Paris, France
| | - Sylvie Demignot
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, CRSA, UMR_S 938, F-75012, Paris, France; EPHE, PSL University, F-75014, Paris, France.
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24
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Wallenius V, Elias E, Elebring E, Haisma B, Casselbrant A, Larraufie P, Spak E, Reimann F, le Roux CW, Docherty NG, Gribble FM, Fändriks L. Suppression of enteroendocrine cell glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1 release by fat-induced small intestinal ketogenesis: a mechanism targeted by Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery but not by preoperative very-low-calorie diet. Gut 2020; 69:1423-1431. [PMID: 31753852 PMCID: PMC7347417 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2019-319372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Food intake normally stimulates release of satiety and insulin-stimulating intestinal hormones, such as glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1. This response is blunted in obese insulin resistant subjects, but is rapidly restored following Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery. We hypothesised this to be a result of the metabolic changes taking place in the small intestinal mucosa following the anatomical rearrangement after RYGB surgery, and aimed at identifying such mechanisms. DESIGN Jejunal mucosa biopsies from patients undergoing RYGB surgery were retrieved before and after very-low calorie diet, at time of surgery and 6 months postoperatively. Samples were analysed by global protein expression analysis and Western blotting. Biological functionality of these findings was explored in mice and enteroendocrine cells (EECs) primary mouse jejunal cell cultures. RESULTS The most prominent change found after RYGB was decreased jejunal expression of the rate-limiting ketogenic enzyme mitochondrial 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase (mHMGCS), corroborated by decreased ketone body levels. In mice, prolonged high-fat feeding induced the expression of mHMGCS and functional ketogenesis in jejunum. The effect of ketone bodies on gut peptide secretion in EECs showed a ∼40% inhibition of GLP-1 release compared with baseline. CONCLUSION Intestinal ketogenesis is induced by high-fat diet and inhibited by RYGB surgery. In cell culture, ketone bodies inhibited GLP-1 release from EECs. Thus, we suggest that this may be a mechanism by which RYGB can remove the inhibitory effect of ketone bodies on EECs, thereby restituting the responsiveness of EECs resulting in increased meal-stimulated levels of GLP-1 after surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ville Wallenius
- Department of Gastrosurgical Research and Education, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, Sahlgrenska University Hospital/Sahlgrenska, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden .,Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, Sahlgrenska University Hospital/Östra, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Erik Elias
- Department of Gastrosurgical Research and Education, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, Sahlgrenska University Hospital/Sahlgrenska, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden,Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, Sahlgrenska University Hospital/Sahlgrenska, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Erik Elebring
- Department of Gastrosurgical Research and Education, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, Sahlgrenska University Hospital/Sahlgrenska, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Bauke Haisma
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Anna Casselbrant
- Department of Gastrosurgical Research and Education, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, Sahlgrenska University Hospital/Sahlgrenska, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Pierre Larraufie
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Emma Spak
- Department of Gastrosurgical Research and Education, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, Sahlgrenska University Hospital/Sahlgrenska, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Frank Reimann
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Carel W le Roux
- Diabetes Complications Research Centre, Conway Institute, University College of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Neil G Docherty
- Diabetes Complications Research Centre, Conway Institute, University College of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Fiona M Gribble
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Lars Fändriks
- Department of Gastrosurgical Research and Education, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, Sahlgrenska University Hospital/Sahlgrenska, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Arachidonic Acid Promotes Intestinal Regeneration by Activating WNT Signaling. Stem Cell Reports 2020; 15:374-388. [PMID: 32649903 PMCID: PMC7419670 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2020.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal regeneration is crucial for functional restoration after injury, and nutritional molecules can play an important role in this process. Here, we found that arachidonic acid (AA) serves as a direct proliferation promoter of intestinal epithelial cells that facilitates small intestinal regeneration in both three-dimensional cultured organoids and mouse models. As shown in the study, during post-irradiation regeneration, AA positively regulates intestinal epithelial cell proliferation by upregulating the expression of Ascl2 and activating WNT signaling, but negatively regulates intestinal epithelial cell differentiation. AA acts as a delicate regulator that efficiently facilitates epithelial tissue repair by activating radiation-resistant Msi1+ cells rather than Lgr5+ cells, which are extensively considered WNT-activated crypt base stem cells. Additionally, short-term AA treatment maintains optimal intestinal epithelial homeostasis under physiological conditions. As a result, AA treatment can be considered a potential therapy for irradiation injury repair and tissue regeneration. AA promotes regeneration of intestinal epithelium after irradiation injury AA triggers Ascl2 expression and activates WNT signaling in intestinal epithelium AA facilitates intestinal repair by activating Msi1+ populations
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26
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Xiao C, Stahel P, Nahmias A, Lewis GF. Emerging Role of Lymphatics in the Regulation of Intestinal Lipid Mobilization. Front Physiol 2020; 10:1604. [PMID: 32063861 PMCID: PMC7000543 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal handling of dietary triglycerides has important implications for health and disease. Following digestion in the intestinal lumen, absorption, and re-esterification of fatty acids and monoacylglycerols in intestinal enterocytes, triglycerides are packaged into lipoprotein particles (chylomicrons) for secretion or into cytoplasmic lipid droplets for transient or more prolonged storage. Despite the recognition of prolonged retention of triglycerides in the post-absorptive phase and subsequent release from the intestine in chylomicron particles, the underlying regulatory mechanisms remain poorly understood. Chylomicron secretion involves multiple steps, including intracellular assembly and post-assembly transport through cellular organelles, the lamina propria, and the mesenteric lymphatics before being released into the circulation. Contrary to the long-held view that the intestinal lymphatic vasculature acts mainly as a passive conduit, it is increasingly recognized to play an active and regulatory role in the rate of chylomicron release into the circulation. Here, we review the latest advances in understanding the role of lymphatics in intestinal lipid handling and chylomicron secretion. We highlight emerging evidence that oral glucose and the gut hormone glucagon-like peptide-2 mobilize retained enteral lipid by differing mechanisms to promote the secretion of chylomicrons via glucose possibly by mobilizing cytoplasmic lipid droplets and via glucagon-like peptide-2 possibly by targeting post-enterocyte secretory mechanisms. We discuss other potential regulatory factors that are the focus of ongoing and future research. Regulation of lymphatic pumping and function is emerging as an area of great interest in our understanding of the integrated absorption of dietary fat and chylomicron secretion and potential implications for whole-body metabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changting Xiao
- Department of Medicine and Department of Physiology, Banting and Best Diabetes Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Priska Stahel
- Department of Medicine and Department of Physiology, Banting and Best Diabetes Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Avital Nahmias
- Department of Medicine and Department of Physiology, Banting and Best Diabetes Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Gary F Lewis
- Department of Medicine and Department of Physiology, Banting and Best Diabetes Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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27
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Yang L, Huang J, Luo M, Wang Z, Zhu L, Wang S, Zhu D, Liu H. The influence of gut microbiota on the rheological characterization of soy hull polysaccharide and mucin interactions. RSC Adv 2020; 10:2830-2840. [PMID: 35496104 PMCID: PMC9048604 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra09594b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
SSHP increased the viscoelasticity of the interfacial film and reduced the interfacial tension at the air–water interface by interacting with mucin. SSHP increased the ratio of Proteobacteria and Firmicutes and promoted the growth of probiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Yang
- College of Food Science and Technology
- Bohai University
- Jinzhou
- China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Storage
| | - Jinghang Huang
- College of Food Science and Technology
- Bohai University
- Jinzhou
- China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Storage
| | - Mingshuo Luo
- College of Food Science and Technology
- Bohai University
- Jinzhou
- China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Storage
| | - Ziyi Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology
- Bohai University
- Jinzhou
- China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Storage
| | - Lijie Zhu
- College of Food Science and Technology
- Bohai University
- Jinzhou
- China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Storage
| | - Shengnan Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology
- Bohai University
- Jinzhou
- China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Storage
| | - Danshi Zhu
- College of Food Science and Technology
- Bohai University
- Jinzhou
- China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Storage
| | - He Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology
- Bohai University
- Jinzhou
- China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Storage
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28
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Zhao Q, Gao X, Yan G, Zhang A, Sun H, Han Y, Li W, Liu L, Wang X. Chinmedomics facilitated quality-marker discovery of Sijunzi decoction to treat spleen qi deficiency syndrome. Front Med 2019; 14:335-356. [DOI: 10.1007/s11684-019-0705-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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29
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Kunz RI, Capelassi AN, Alegre-Maller ACP, Bonfleur ML, Ribeiro LDFC, Costa RM, Natali MRM. Sericin as treatment of obesity: morphophysiological effects in obese mice fed with high-fat diet. EINSTEIN-SAO PAULO 2019; 18:eAO4876. [PMID: 31576909 PMCID: PMC6905161 DOI: 10.31744/einstein_journal/2020ao4876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of sericin extracted from silkworm Bombyx mori cocoon on morphophysiological parameters in mice with obesity induced by high-fat diet. METHODS Male C57Bl6 mice aged 9 weeks were allocated to one of two groups - Control and Obese, and fed a standard or high-fat diet for 10 weeks, respectively. Mice were then further subdivided into four groups with seven mice each, as follows: Control, Control-Sericin, Obese, and Obese-Sericin. The standard or high fat diet was given for 4 more weeks; sericin (1,000mg/kg body weight) was given orally to mice in the Control-Sericin and Obese-Sericin Groups during this period. Weight gain, food intake, fecal weight, fecal lipid content, gut motility and glucose tolerance were monitored. At the end of experimental period, plasma was collected for biochemical analysis. Samples of white adipose tissue, liver and jejunum were collected and processed for light microscopy analysis; liver fragments were used for lipid content determination. RESULTS Obese mice experienced significantly greater weight gain and fat accumulation and had higher total cholesterol and glucose levels compared to controls. Retroperitoneal and periepididymal adipocyte hypertrophy, development of hepatic steatosis, increased cholesterol and triglyceride levels and morphometric changes in the jejunal wall were observed. CONCLUSION Physiological changes induced by obesity were not fully reverted by sericin; however, sericin treatment restored jejunal morphometry and increased lipid excretion in feces in obese mice, suggesting potential anti-obesity effects.
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30
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Langhans W. Serendipity and spontaneity - Critical components in 40 years of academia. Physiol Behav 2019; 204:76-85. [PMID: 30753847 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2019.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
I was flattered and felt tremendously honored to receive the 2018 Distinguished Career Award (DCA) from SSIB, the society that I always considered my scientific home, my family. Preparing the award lecture, I reflected about defining features of my career. This paper summarizes this very personal retrospective. As you will read, serendipity and more or less spontaneous decisions; i.e., some luck to be in the right place at the right time, and spontaneity to grab an opportunity when it presented itself, played a major role, and not necessarily a thorough analysis of my life situation at various junctions of my career path. Luck also often had the name of a fantastic tutor or mentor, or came in the form of enlightening discussions with a friend. Science is teamwork, which emphasizes how important collaborators, post-docs, students and technicians are. Although deep thinking was not necessarily crucial for my career path, a thorough examination is of course necessary when analyzing data, which were often most important when they did not confirm my hypothesis. Science is also hard work considering how much time one spends, but it never seemed like work to me because I had always this desire to find out how things in the organism work, and I always felt privileged to be able to pursue my "hobby" and even get a decent pay for it. In short, being a scientist is probably one of the most rewarding professional activities that life can offer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Langhans
- Physiology and Behavior Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Schorenstr. 16, 8603 Schwerzenbach, Switzerland.
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31
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Isabelle SA, Ahmed-Ben M, Benoit C, Dominique D, Jérémie D, Noureddine H, Carole M, Estelle PG, Didier R, Sergio P. Profound Changes in Net Energy and Nitrogen Metabolites Fluxes within the Splanchnic Area during Overfeeding of Yucatan Mini Pigs That Remain Euglycemic. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11020434. [PMID: 30791497 PMCID: PMC6412845 DOI: 10.3390/nu11020434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A dysregulation of nutrient exchange between tissues (gut, liver, muscles, adipose) occurs during overnutrition and could induce obesity and metabolic diseases. We aimed to evaluate how, in overfed mini pigs, nutrients use and partition were regulated in the gut and liver. Net nutrients fluxes were assessed in the fed (PP) and post absorptive (PA) states at 1, 14 and 60 days of adaptation to overfeeding in five adult Yucatan female multicatheterized minipigs. Pigs PA glycaemia and PP-induced hyperglycemia remained unchanged over the experimental period, suggesting that the management of the excess of energy intake allowed the maintenance of glucose levels. This was associated with (1) an increased PA plasma insulin, (2) an increased gut lactate production (increased lactate net release +89%, 1 h PP, D1 vs. D60) probably from an increased glucose oxidation, (3) a shift in utilization of gluconeogenic precursor (lactate, propionate) in the liver, and (4) a reduced gut utilization of nitrogen moieties for energy purposes (glutamine), a nitrogen sparing effect at the whole body level (decreased plasma urea in PA (−24% D1 vs. D60) and PP states) and a specific increased level of AA involved in lipids handling and bile recycling in the gut lumen (taurine and glycine).
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Affiliation(s)
- Savary-Auzeloux Isabelle
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont Ferrand, France.
| | - Mohamed Ahmed-Ben
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont Ferrand, France.
| | - Cohade Benoit
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont Ferrand, France.
| | - Dardevet Dominique
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont Ferrand, France.
| | - David Jérémie
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont Ferrand, France.
| | - Hafnaoui Noureddine
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont Ferrand, France.
| | - Migné Carole
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, PFEM, Metabo-Hub Clermont, CRNH Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont Ferrand, France.
| | - Pujos-Guillot Estelle
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, PFEM, Metabo-Hub Clermont, CRNH Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont Ferrand, France.
| | - Rémond Didier
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont Ferrand, France.
| | - Polakof Sergio
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont Ferrand, France.
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32
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Ramachandran D, Clara R, Fedele S, Michel L, Burkard J, Kaufman S, Diaz AA, Weissfeld N, De Bock K, Prip-Buus C, Langhans W, Mansouri A. Enhancing enterocyte fatty acid oxidation in mice affects glycemic control depending on dietary fat. Sci Rep 2018; 8:10818. [PMID: 30018405 PMCID: PMC6050244 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29139-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies indicate that modulating enterocyte metabolism might affect whole body glucose homeostasis and the development of diet-induced obesity (DIO). We tested whether enhancing enterocyte fatty acid oxidation (FAO) could protect mice from DIO and impaired glycemic control. To this end, we used mice expressing a mutant form of carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1a (CPT1mt), insensitive to inhibition by malonyl-CoA, in their enterocytes (iCPT1mt) and fed them low-fat control diet (CD) or high-fat diet (HFD) chronically. CPT1mt expression led to an upregulation of FAO in the enterocytes. On CD, iCPT1mt mice had impaired glycemic control and showed concomitant activation of lipogenesis, glycolysis and gluconeogenesis in their enterocytes. On HFD, both iCPT1mt and control mice developed DIO, but iCPT1mt mice showed improved glycemic control and reduced visceral fat mass. Together these data indicate that modulating enterocyte metabolism in iCPT1mt mice affects glycemic control in a body weight-independent, but dietary fat-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rosmarie Clara
- Physiology and Behavior Laboratory, ETH Zurich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Shahana Fedele
- Physiology and Behavior Laboratory, ETH Zurich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Ladina Michel
- Physiology and Behavior Laboratory, ETH Zurich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Johannes Burkard
- Physiology and Behavior Laboratory, ETH Zurich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Sharon Kaufman
- Physiology and Behavior Laboratory, ETH Zurich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | | | - Nadja Weissfeld
- Physiology and Behavior Laboratory, ETH Zurich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Katrien De Bock
- Excercise and Health Laboratory, ETH Zurich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Carina Prip-Buus
- Inserm, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR, 8104, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Wolfgang Langhans
- Physiology and Behavior Laboratory, ETH Zurich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Abdelhak Mansouri
- Physiology and Behavior Laboratory, ETH Zurich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland.
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Brown JD, McAnally D, Ayala JE, Burmeister MA, Morfa C, Smith L, Ayala JE. Oleoylethanolamide modulates glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist signaling and enhances exendin-4-mediated weight loss in obese mice. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2018; 315:R595-R608. [PMID: 29949410 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00459.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Long-acting glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor (GLP-1R) agonists (GLP-1RA), such as exendin-4 (Ex4), promote weight loss. On the basis of a newly discovered interaction between GLP-1 and oleoylethanolamide (OEA), we tested whether OEA enhances GLP-1RA-mediated anorectic signaling and weight loss. We analyzed the effect of GLP-1+OEA and Ex4+OEA on canonical GLP-1R signaling and other proteins/pathways that contribute to the hypophagic action of GLP-1RA (AMPK, Akt, mTOR, and glycolysis). We demonstrate that OEA enhances canonical GLP-1R signaling when combined with GLP-1 but not with Ex4. GLP-1 and Ex4 promote phosphorylation of mTOR pathway components, but OEA does not enhance this effect. OEA synergistically enhanced GLP-1- and Ex4-stimulated glycolysis but did not augment the hypophagic action of GLP-1 or Ex4 in lean or diet-induced obese (DIO) mice. However, the combination of Ex4+OEA promoted greater weight loss in DIO mice than Ex4 or OEA alone during a 7-day treatment. This was due in part to transient hypophagia and increased energy expenditure, phenotypes also observed in Ex4-treated DIO mice. Thus, OEA augments specific GLP-1RA-stimulated signaling but appears to work in parallel with Ex4 to promote weight loss in DIO mice. Elucidating cooperative mechanisms underlying Ex4+OEA-mediated weight loss could, therefore, be leveraged toward more effective obesity therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob D Brown
- Integrative Metabolism Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute at Lake Nona , Orlando, Florida
| | - Danielle McAnally
- Cardiovascular Metabolism Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute at Lake Nona , Orlando, Florida
| | - Jennifer E Ayala
- Integrative Metabolism Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute at Lake Nona , Orlando, Florida
| | - Melissa A Burmeister
- Integrative Metabolism Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute at Lake Nona , Orlando, Florida
| | - Camilo Morfa
- Cardiovascular Metabolism Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute at Lake Nona , Orlando, Florida
| | - Layton Smith
- Cardiovascular Metabolism Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute at Lake Nona , Orlando, Florida
| | - Julio E Ayala
- Integrative Metabolism Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute at Lake Nona , Orlando, Florida
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34
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Zhou W, Ramachandran D, Mansouri A, Dailey MJ. Glucose stimulates intestinal epithelial crypt proliferation by modulating cellular energy metabolism. J Cell Physiol 2017; 233:3465-3475. [PMID: 28926104 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The intestinal epithelium plays an essential role in nutrient absorption, hormone release, and barrier function. Maintenance of the epithelium is driven by continuous cell renewal by stem cells located in the intestinal crypts. The amount and type of diet influence this process and result in changes in the size and cellular make-up of the tissue. The mechanism underlying the nutrient-driven changes in proliferation is not known, but may involve a shift in intracellular metabolism that allows for more nutrients to be used to manufacture new cells. We hypothesized that nutrient availability drives changes in cellular energy metabolism of small intestinal epithelial crypts that could contribute to increases in crypt proliferation. We utilized primary small intestinal epithelial crypts from C57BL/6J mice to study (1) the effect of glucose on crypt proliferation and (2) the effect of glucose on crypt metabolism using an extracellular flux analyzer for real-time metabolic measurements. We found that glucose increased both crypt proliferation and glycolysis, and the glycolytic pathway inhibitor 2-deoxy-d-glucose (2-DG) attenuated glucose-induced crypt proliferation. Glucose did not enhance glucose oxidation, but did increase the maximum mitochondrial respiratory capacity, which may contribute to glucose-induced increases in proliferation. Glucose activated Akt/HIF-1α signaling pathway, which might be at least in part responsible for glucose-induced glycolysis and cell proliferation. These results suggest that high glucose availability induces an increase in crypt proliferation by inducing an increase in glycolysis with no change in glucose oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weinan Zhou
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | | | - Abdelhak Mansouri
- Physiology and Behavior Laboratory, ETH Zurich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Megan J Dailey
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
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35
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Ramachandran D, Clara R, Fedele S, Hu J, Lackzo E, Huang JY, Verdin E, Langhans W, Mansouri A. Intestinal SIRT3 overexpression in mice improves whole body glucose homeostasis independent of body weight. Mol Metab 2017; 6:1264-1273. [PMID: 29031725 PMCID: PMC5641632 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2017.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Intestinal metabolism might play a greater role in regulating whole body metabolism than previously believed. We aimed to enhance enterocyte metabolism in mice and investigate if it plays a role in diet-induced obesity (DIO) and its comorbidities. METHODS Using the cre-loxP system, we overexpressed the mitochondrial NAD+ dependent protein deacetylase SIRT3 in enterocytes of mice (iSIRT3 mice). We chronically fed iSIRT3 mice and floxed-SIRT3 control (S3fl) mice a low-fat, control diet (CD) or a high-fat diet (HFD) and then phenotyped the mice. RESULTS There were no genotype differences in any of the parameters tested when the mice were fed CD. Also, iSIRT3 mice were equally susceptible to the development of DIO as S3fl mice when fed HFD. They were, however, better able than S3fl mice to regulate their blood glucose levels in response to exogenous insulin and glucose, indicating that they were protected from developing insulin resistance. This improved glucose homeostasis was accompanied by an increase in enterocyte metabolic activity and an upregulation of ketogenic gene expression in the small intestine. CONCLUSION Enhancing enterocyte oxidative metabolism can improve whole body glucose homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rosmarie Clara
- Physiology and Behavior Laboratory, ETH Zurich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Shahana Fedele
- Physiology and Behavior Laboratory, ETH Zurich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Junmin Hu
- Functional Genomics Center Zurich (FGCZ), ETH Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Endre Lackzo
- Functional Genomics Center Zurich (FGCZ), ETH Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jing-Yi Huang
- Gladstone Institute of Virology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Eric Verdin
- Gladstone Institute of Virology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Wolfgang Langhans
- Physiology and Behavior Laboratory, ETH Zurich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Abdelhak Mansouri
- Physiology and Behavior Laboratory, ETH Zurich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland.
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36
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Brenachot X, Gautier T, Nédélec E, Deckert V, Laderrière A, Nuzzaci D, Rigault C, Lemoine A, Pénicaud L, Lagrost L, Benani A. Brain Control of Plasma Cholesterol Involves Polysialic Acid Molecules in the Hypothalamus. Front Neurosci 2017; 11:245. [PMID: 28515677 PMCID: PMC5414510 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The polysialic acid (PSA) is a large glycan that is added to cell-surface proteins during their post-translational maturation. In the brain, PSA modulates distances between cells and controls the plasticity of the nervous system. In the hypothalamus, PSA is involved in many aspects of energy balance including food intake, osmoregulation, circadian rhythm, and sleep. In this work, we investigated the role of hypothalamic PSA in the regulation of plasma cholesterol levels and distribution. We report that HFD consumption in mice rapidly increased plasma cholesterol, including VLDL, LDL, and HDL-cholesterol. Although plasma VLDL-cholesterol was normalized within the first week, LDL and HDL were still elevated after 2 weeks upon HFD. Importantly, we found that hypothalamic PSA removal aggravated LDL elevation and reduced HDL levels upon HFD. These results indicate that hypothalamic PSA controls plasma lipoprotein profile by circumventing the rise of LDL-to-HDL cholesterol ratio in plasma during overfeeding. Although mechanisms by which hypothalamic PSA controls plasma cholesterol homeostasis remains to be elucidated, these findings also suggest that low level of hypothalamic PSA might be a risk factor for dyslipidemia and cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Brenachot
- AgroSup Dijon, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université Bourgogne-Franche ComtéDijon, France
| | - Thomas Gautier
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale LNC, U1231, Université Bourgogne-Franche Comté, LipSTIC LabEx, Fondation de Coopération Scientifique Bourgogne-Franche ComtéDijon, France
| | - Emmanuelle Nédélec
- AgroSup Dijon, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université Bourgogne-Franche ComtéDijon, France
| | - Valérie Deckert
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale LNC, U1231, Université Bourgogne-Franche Comté, LipSTIC LabEx, Fondation de Coopération Scientifique Bourgogne-Franche ComtéDijon, France
| | - Amélie Laderrière
- AgroSup Dijon, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université Bourgogne-Franche ComtéDijon, France
| | - Danaé Nuzzaci
- AgroSup Dijon, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université Bourgogne-Franche ComtéDijon, France
| | - Caroline Rigault
- AgroSup Dijon, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université Bourgogne-Franche ComtéDijon, France
| | - Aleth Lemoine
- AgroSup Dijon, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université Bourgogne-Franche ComtéDijon, France
| | - Luc Pénicaud
- AgroSup Dijon, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université Bourgogne-Franche ComtéDijon, France
| | - Laurent Lagrost
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale LNC, U1231, Université Bourgogne-Franche Comté, LipSTIC LabEx, Fondation de Coopération Scientifique Bourgogne-Franche ComtéDijon, France
| | - Alexandre Benani
- AgroSup Dijon, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université Bourgogne-Franche ComtéDijon, France
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