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Liu S, He Y, Yu G, Song C, Wang D, Liu L, Liang H, Wan H, Shen J. Association of muscle mass, grip strength and fat-to-muscle ratio and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease in a middle-to-elderly aged population. Ann Med 2024; 56:2390169. [PMID: 39129458 PMCID: PMC11321103 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2024.2390169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The association of appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM), grip strength and fat-to-muscle ratio (FMR) and the progression of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) are not well known. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study included participants older than 40 years who underwent bioelectrical impedance assessment in Prevalence of Metabolic Diseases and Risk Factors in Shunde (SPEED-Shunde). We measured grip strength with an electronic grip strength metre. ASM and grip strength were adjusted by dividing body mass index (BMI). FMR was calculated as total fat mass to total muscle mass. Liver steatosis and liver fibrosis were evaluated by vibration-controlled transient elastography. Multifactorial logistic regression was used to analyse the relationship between ASM, grip strength, FMR, and MASLD or MASLD-associated liver fibrosis. We performed subgroup analyses according to sex, age and BMI. Interaction tests and linear trend tests were also conducted. RESULTS This study included a total of 3277 participants. FMR was positively associated with MASLD (OR: 1.89, 95% CI: 1.66-2.15) and MASLD-associated liver fibrosis (OR: 1.70, 95% CI: 1.22-2.37). While ASM/BMI (OR: 0.59, 95% CI: 0.52-0.67) or grip strength/BMI (OR: 0.72, 95% CI: 0.66-0.78) were negatively associated with MASLD. Interactions were observed between ASM/BMI and age, grip strength and sex in MASLD, as well as FMR and MASLD-associated liver fibrosis. CONCLUSION In a middle-to-elderly aged population, FMR was positively associated with the risk of MASLD and MASLD-associated liver fibrosis, and muscle mass and grip strength were negatively associated with MASLD, rather than MASLD-associated liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyang Liu
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People’s Hospital of Shunde), Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Yajun He
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People’s Hospital of Shunde), Foshan, Guangdong, China
- School of Nursing, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Genfeng Yu
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People’s Hospital of Shunde), Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Cheng Song
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People’s Hospital of Shunde), Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Dongmei Wang
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People’s Hospital of Shunde), Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Lan Liu
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People’s Hospital of Shunde), Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Hua Liang
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People’s Hospital of Shunde), Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Heng Wan
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People’s Hospital of Shunde), Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Jie Shen
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People’s Hospital of Shunde), Foshan, Guangdong, China
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Kakita D, Harada K, Kurita S, Morikawa M, Nishijima C, Fujii K, Shimada H. Impact of fat to muscle ratio with risk of disability on community-dwelling Japanese older adults: A 5-year longitudinal study. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2024; 126:105524. [PMID: 38954986 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2024.105524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Sarcopenic obesity is a combination of sarcopenia and obesity, which is associated with the onset of disability. Fat to muscle ratio (FMR) is a screening measure that assesses the ratio of muscle mass to fat mass. However, the relationship between the FMR and disability has not been investigated. METHODS This study included 11,427 community-dwelling older adults aged ≥65 years enrolled in NCGG-SGS (National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology-Study of Geriatric Syndromes), a national cohort study in Japan. FMR was measured by the bioelectrical impedance analysis and calculated by dividing fat mass by muscle mass. Cox proportional hazard regression analysis adjusted for covariates was used to investigate the association between FMR and the risk of developing new care needs at 5 years. FMR was divided by about quintile, with quintile 5 as the high. RESULTS The high FMR group had the highest incidence of disability at 20.8 % for women and 20.1 % for men. In women, the association between FMR and disability was significantly different for the FMR (hazard risk [HR]: 1.43, 95 % confidence interval [CI]: 1.16-1.75). There was no association between FMR and disability in men (HR: 0.98, 95 %CI: 0.76-1.25). Lagged analyses accounting for reverse causality did not change the relationship. CONCLUSIONS FMR is associated with increased risk of disability in women community-dwelling older adults but not among men. Because the rate of decreased muscle strength is faster in men than in women, early decreased muscle strength may affect men's risk of disability more than muscle mass or fat mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Kakita
- Department of Preventive Gerontology, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, Japan; Department of Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan.
| | - Kenji Harada
- Department of Preventive Gerontology, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kurita
- Department of Preventive Gerontology, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, Japan
| | - Masanori Morikawa
- Department of Preventive Gerontology, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, Japan
| | - Chiharu Nishijima
- Department of Preventive Gerontology, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kazuya Fujii
- Department of Preventive Gerontology, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Shimada
- Department of Preventive Gerontology, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, Japan
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Lu Z, Hu Y, Chen X, Ou Q, Liu Y, Xu T, Tu J, Li A, Lin B, Liu Q, Xi T, Wang W, Huang H, Xu D, Chen Z, Wang Z, He H, Shan G. Sex-specific associations between total and regional Fat-to-muscle Mass ratio and cardiometabolic risk: findings from the China National Health Survey. Nutr J 2024; 23:104. [PMID: 39252042 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-024-01007-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/28/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The fat-to-muscle mass ratio (FMR), integrating the antagonistic effects of fat and muscle mass, has been suggested as a valuable indicator to assess cardiometabolic health independent of overall adiposity. However, the specific associations of total and regional FMR with cardiometabolic risk are poorly understood. We aimed to examine sex-specific associations of total and regional FMR with single and clustered cardiometabolic risk factors (CRFs). METHODS 13,505 participants aged 20 years and above were included in the cross-sectional study. Fat mass and muscle mass were assessed using a bioelectrical impedance analysis device. FMR was estimated as fat mass divided by muscle mass in corresponding body parts (whole body, arm, leg, and trunk). Clustered CRFs was defined as the presence of two or more risk factors, including hypertension, elevated blood glucose, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance (IR), and hyperuricemia. IR was assessed by the triglyceride glucose (TyG) index. Multivariable logistic regression models were applied to explore the associations of FMR in the whole body and body parts with single and clustered CRFs. RESULTS The odds ratios (ORs) increased significantly for all single and clustered CRFs with the per quartile increase of total and regional FMR in both sexes (P for trend < 0.001), following adjustment for confounders. Among the regional parts, FMRs of the legs presented the strongest associations for clustered CRFs in both men and women, with adjusted OR of 8.54 (95% confidence interval (CI): 7.12-10.24) and 4.92 (95% CI: 4.24-5.71), respectively. Significant interactions (P for interaction < 0.05) were identified between age and FMRs across different body parts, as well as between BMI status and FMRs in different regions for clustered CRFs. Restricted cubic splines revealed significant non-linear relationships between FMRs of different body parts and clustered CRFs in both sexes (P for nonlinear < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS FMRs in the whole body and different regions were significantly associated with single and clustered CRFs in the general Chinese population. The association between FMR and clustered CRFs was more pronounced in youngers than in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiming Lu
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Yaoda Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Xingming Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiong Ou
- Sleep Center, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yawen Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Tan Xu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, MOE Key Laboratory of Geriatric Diseases and Immunology, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ji Tu
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Ang Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Binbin Lin
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Qihang Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Tianshu Xi
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Weihao Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Haibo Huang
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Da Xu
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Zhili Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Zichao Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Huijing He
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Beijing, China.
| | - Guangliang Shan
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Beijing, China.
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
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Kim HJ, Kwon O. Nutrition and exercise: Cornerstones of health with emphasis on obesity and type 2 diabetes management-A narrative review. Obes Rev 2024; 25:e13762. [PMID: 38715378 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
While a broad consensus exists that integrated nutrition and regular exercise are foundational for health maintenance and serve as a robust non-pharmacological strategy against cardiometabolic diseases, the nuanced interplay between these elements remains incompletely understood. Through multifaceted interactions, these factors profoundly influence primary metabolic organs, notably the skeletal muscle and adipose tissue. Despite the critical nature of this interactivity, a holistic understanding of the combined effects of physical activity and dietary practices is still emerging. This narrative review aims to elucidate the intertwined roles of nutrition and exercise. It provides a comprehensive overview of their synergistic dynamics and emphasizes the importance of a dual-focus approach in mitigating and managing cardiometabolic disorders, predominantly obesity and type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Jin Kim
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology and Genomics, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center (KMPC), Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Logme Inc., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Oran Kwon
- Logme Inc., Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Zheng X, Wang Q, Xu X, Huang X, Chen J, Huo X. Associations of insulin sensitivity and immune inflammatory responses with child blood lead (Pb) and PM 2.5 exposure at an e-waste recycling area during the COVID-19 lockdown. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2024; 46:296. [PMID: 38980420 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-024-02066-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Fine particular matter (PM2.5) and lead (Pb) exposure can induce insulin resistance, elevating the likelihood of diabetes onset. Nonetheless, the underlying mechanism remains ambiguous. Consequently, we assessed the association of PM2.5 and Pb exposure with insulin resistance and inflammation biomarkers in children. A total of 235 children aged 3-7 years in a kindergarten in e-waste recycling areas were enrolled before and during the Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) lockdown. Daily PM2.5 data was collected and used to calculate the individual PM2.5 daily exposure dose (DED-PM2.5). Concentrations of whole blood Pb, fasting blood glucose, serum insulin, and high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) in serum were measured. Compared with that before COVID-19, the COVID-19 lockdown group had lower DED-PM2.5 and blood Pb, higher serum HMGB1, and lower blood glucose and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index. Decreased DED-PM2.5 and blood Pb levels were linked to decreased levels of fasting blood glucose and increased serum HMGB1 in all children. Increased serum HMGB1 levels were linked to reduced levels of blood glucose and HOMA-IR. Due to the implementation of COVID-19 prevention and control measures, e-waste dismantling activities and exposure levels of PM2.5 and Pb declined, which probably reduced the association of PM2.5 and Pb on insulin sensitivity and diabetes risk, but a high level of risk of chronic low-grade inflammation remained. Our findings add new evidence for the associations among PM2.5 and Pb exposure, systemic inflammation and insulin resistance, which could be a possible explanation for diabetes related to environmental exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangbin Zheng
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, 855 East Xingye Avenue, Guangzhou, 511443, Guangdong, China
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Shantou Central Hospital, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Qihua Wang
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, 855 East Xingye Avenue, Guangzhou, 511443, Guangdong, China
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Xijin Xu
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaofan Huang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Shantou Central Hospital, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiaxue Chen
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Xia Huo
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, 855 East Xingye Avenue, Guangzhou, 511443, Guangdong, China.
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Chen S, Chen XY, Huang ZH, Fang AP, Li SY, Huang RZ, Chen YM, Huang BX, Zhu HL. Correlation between serum trimethylamine-N-oxide and body fat distribution in middle-aged and older adults: a prospective cohort study. Nutr J 2024; 23:70. [PMID: 38982486 PMCID: PMC11234726 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-024-00974-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) is linked with obesity, while limited evidence on its relationship with body fat distribution. Herein, we investigated the associations between serum TMAO and longitudinal change of fat distribution in this prospective cohort study. METHODS Data of 1964 participants (40-75y old) from Guangzhou Nutrition and Health Study (GNHS) during 2008-2014 was analyzed. Serum TMAO concentration was quantified by HPLC-MS/MS at baseline. The body composition was assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry at each 3-y follow-up. Fat distribution parameters were fat-to-lean mass ratio (FLR) and trunk-to-leg fat ratio (TLR). Fat distribution changes were derived from the coefficient of linear regression between their parameters and follow-up duration. RESULTS After an average of 6.2-y follow-up, analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) and linear regression displayed women with higher serum TMAO level had greater increments in trunk FLR (mean ± SD: 1.47 ± 4.39, P-trend = 0.006) and TLR (mean ± SD: 0.06 ± 0.24, P-trend = 0.011). Meanwhile, for women in the highest TMAO tertile, linear mixed-effects model (LMEM) analysis demonstrated the annual estimated increments (95% CI) were 0.03 (95% CI: 0.003 - 0.06, P = 0.032) in trunk FLR and 1.28 (95% CI: -0.17 - 2.73, P = 0.083) in TLR, respectively. In men, there were no similar significant observations. Sensitivity analysis yielded consistent results. CONCLUSION Serum TMAO displayed a more profound correlation with increment of FLR and TLR in middle-aged and older community-dwelling women in current study. More and further studies are still warranted in the future. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT03179657.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Chen
- Department of Nutrition, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, 74 Zhongshan II Road, Guangzhou, 510080, PR China
| | - Xiao-Yan Chen
- Department of Nutrition, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, 74 Zhongshan II Road, Guangzhou, 510080, PR China
| | - Zi-Hui Huang
- Department of Nutrition, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, 74 Zhongshan II Road, Guangzhou, 510080, PR China
| | - Ai-Ping Fang
- Department of Nutrition, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, 74 Zhongshan II Road, Guangzhou, 510080, PR China
| | - Shu-Yi Li
- Department of Nutrition, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, 74 Zhongshan II Road, Guangzhou, 510080, PR China
| | - Rong-Zhu Huang
- Department of Nutrition, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, 74 Zhongshan II Road, Guangzhou, 510080, PR China
| | - Yu-Ming Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bi-Xia Huang
- Department of Nutrition, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, 74 Zhongshan II Road, Guangzhou, 510080, PR China.
| | - Hui-Lian Zhu
- Department of Nutrition, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, 74 Zhongshan II Road, Guangzhou, 510080, PR China.
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Nishikori S, Fujita S. Association of fat-to-muscle mass ratio with physical activity and dietary protein, carbohydrate, sodium, and fiber intake in a cross-sectional study. Sci Rep 2024; 14:10631. [PMID: 38724633 PMCID: PMC11082163 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61289-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Higher fat-to-muscle mass ratio (FMR) is reported to be a risk factor for various diseases, including type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases, and mortality. Although this association suggests that reducing FMR may help to prevent certain diseases and mortality, the relationship between FMR and lifestyle factors is unclear. Therefore, we performed a cross-sectional study with the aim to elucidate this relationship. This cross-sectional study included 1518 healthy Japanese adults aged 30 to 64 years. We measured FMR in the whole body, arms, legs, and trunk and assessed various lifestyle factors. Then, we performed forced entry multiple regression analyses for FMR with the following variables: sex, age, physical activity, dietary intake, sleep quality, cigarette smoking, stress levels, and body mass index. As a result, whole-body and regional FMRs were correlated with female sex (β = 0.71); age (β = 0.06); physical activity (β = - 0.07); dietary intake of protein (β = - 0.12), carbohydrate (β = 0.04), sodium (β = 0.13), and fiber (β = - 0.16); and body mass index (β = 0.70). The results suggest that in the Japanese middle-aged population, low FMR is associated with certain lifestyle factors, i.e. higher physical activity and a diet with higher protein and fiber and lower carbohydrate and sodium, independent of age, sex, and body mass index.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Nishikori
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Japan
- Frontier Research Center, POLA Chemical Industries, Inc., 560 Kashio-cho, Totsuka-ku, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Satoshi Fujita
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Japan.
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Booker R, Wong M, Bancks MP, Carnethon MR, Chow LS, Lewis CE, Schreiner PJ, Alexandria SJ. The longitudinal association of adipose-to-lean ratio with incident cardiometabolic morbidity: The CARDIA study. J Diabetes Complications 2024; 38:108725. [PMID: 38520820 PMCID: PMC11058009 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2024.108725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
AIM To assess the association of adipose-to-lean ratio (ALR) with incident type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), hypertension, and dyslipidemia in middle adulthood. METHOD Black and White Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults participants without T2DM, hypertension, or dyslipidemia in 2005-06 (baseline) were included. Baseline adipose and lean mass were assessed via dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. ALR was calculated as adipose divided by lean mass and then standardized within sex strata. Single time-point incident morbidity was assessed every five years from baseline through 2016. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) for morbidity over 10 years per 1-SD increment in ALR adjusted for cardiovascular risk factors. RESULT The cumulative incidence of T2DM was 7.9 % (129 events/N = 1643; 16,301 person-years), 26.7 % (485 events/N = 1819; 17,895 person-years) for hypertension, and 49.1 % (435 events/N = 855, 8089 person-years) for dyslipidemia. In the adjusted models, ALR was positively associated with a risk of T2DM (HR [95 % CI]; 1.69 [1.31, 2.19]) and hypertension (1.23 [1.08, 1.40]). There was no significant interaction between ALR and sex for any morbidity. CONCLUSION ALR in middle adulthood is associated with incident T2DM and hypertension. The extent to which localized body composition measures might inform morbidity risk merits further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Booker
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Mandy Wong
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Michael P Bancks
- Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Mercedes R Carnethon
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Lisa S Chow
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Cora E Lewis
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | | | - Shaina J Alexandria
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
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Wu F, Liu Y, Lin C, Haghbin N, Xia L, Li Y, Chen T, Qiu H, Jiang W, Li J, Lin J. Correlation between fat-to-muscle mass ratio and cognitive impairment in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a cross-sectional study. BMC Geriatr 2024; 24:352. [PMID: 38637745 PMCID: PMC11027286 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-024-04941-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fat to muscle mass ratio (FMR), a novel index integrating fat and muscle composition, has garnered attention in age-related conditions such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and neurodegenerative diseases. Despite this research on the relationship between FMR and cognitive impairment (CI) in T2DM remains scarce. This study aimed to investigate the sex-specific association between FMR and CI in elderly T2DM patients. METHODS A total of 768 elderly (> 60 years) T2DM in-patients (356 men and 412 women) were recruited from the Department of Endocrinology at Tianjin Nankai University affiliated hospital. Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA) was used to assess body composition, and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) was used to evaluate cognitive performance. T2DM patients were categorized into normal cognitive function (NC) and cognitive impairment (CI) groups based on MoCA scores and stratified by sex. Binary logistic regression was employed to examine the association between FMR and CI. RESULTS Among the participants, 42.7% of men and 56.3% of women experienced cognitive deterioration. Women with CI exhibited lower body mass index (BMI) and skeletal muscle mass index (SMI), while men with cognitive disorders showed lower SMI, FMR, and higher fat mass index (FMI). FMR was consistently unrelated to cognition in females, irrespective of adjustment made. However, in males, FMR was significantly associated with an increasing risk of cognitive dysfunction after adjusting for demographic and clinical variables (OR: 1.175, 95% CI: 1.045-1.320, p = 0.007). Furthermore, for each 0.1 increase in FMR, the incidence of CI rose by 31.1% after additional adjustment for BMI. In males, the prevalence of CI increased sequentially across FMR quartiles (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Elderly T2DM men with high FMR had unfavorable cognitive function. FMR is independently associated with an increased risk of CI in male T2DM patients regardless of BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Nankai University Affiliated Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanlan Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Nankai University Affiliated Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Chenying Lin
- Department of Endocrinology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Nankai University Affiliated Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Nahal Haghbin
- School of Global Health, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Longfei Xia
- Department of Endocrinology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Nankai University Affiliated Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yaoshuang Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Nankai University Affiliated Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Tong Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Nankai University Affiliated Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Union Medical Center, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Huina Qiu
- Department of Endocrinology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Nankai University Affiliated Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Weiran Jiang
- Eastman Institute for Oral Health, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Jingbo Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Nankai University Affiliated Hospital, Tianjin, China.
| | - Jingna Lin
- Department of Endocrinology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Nankai University Affiliated Hospital, Tianjin, China.
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10
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Kee YK, Lee J, Nam BY, Joo YS, Kang SW, Huh KH, Park JT. Donor fat-to-muscle ratio and kidney transplant outcomes: A proposition of metabolic memory. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2024; 40:e3781. [PMID: 38367259 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.3781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
AIMS The impact of donor abdominal fat-to-muscle ratio (FMR) on kidney transplant (KT) outcomes was assessed. Given the transient nature of the donor's metabolic environment in transplant recipients, this study investigated the capacity of body composition to induce metabolic memory effects. MATERIALS AND METHODS KT patients (n = 895) who received allografts from living donors (2003-2013) were included. Donor fat and muscle were quantified using pre-KT abdominal computed tomography scans. Patients were categorised into donor FMR tertiles and followed up for graft outcomes. Additionally, genome-wide DNA methylation analysis was performed on 28 kidney graft samples from KT patients in the low- and high-FMR groups. RESULTS Mean recipient age was 42.9 ± 11.4 years and 60.9% were males. Donor FMR averaged 1.67 ± 0.79. Over a median of 120.9 ± 42.5 months, graft failure (n = 127) and death-censored graft failure (n = 109) were more frequent in the higher FMR tertiles. Adjusted hazard ratios for the highest versus lowest FMR tertile were 1.71 (95% CI, 1.06-2.75) for overall graft failure and 1.90 (95% CI, 1.13-3.20) for death-censored graft failure. Genome-wide DNA methylation analysis identified 58 differentially methylated regions (p < 0.05, |Δβ| > 0.2) and 35 genes showed differential methylation between the high- (FMR >1.91) and low-FMR (FMR <1.27) groups. CONCLUSIONS Donors with increased fat and reduced muscle composition may negatively impact kidney allograft survival in recipients, possibly through the transmission of epigenetic changes, implying a body-composition-related metabolic memory effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youn Kyung Kee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Juhan Lee
- Department of Surgery, The Research Institute for Transplantation, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Bo Young Nam
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Institute of Kidney Disease Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young Su Joo
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Institute of Kidney Disease Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yongin, South Korea
| | - Shin-Wook Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Institute of Kidney Disease Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyu Ha Huh
- Department of Surgery, The Research Institute for Transplantation, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jung Tak Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Institute of Kidney Disease Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
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11
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Pietrzak A, Kęska A, Iwańska D. Diet Inflammatory Index among Regularly Physically Active Young Women and Men. Nutrients 2023; 16:62. [PMID: 38201892 PMCID: PMC10780425 DOI: 10.3390/nu16010062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Recently, special attention has been paid to the relationship between diet and inflammation in the body. A factor that influences both diet and inflammation is physical activity. The aim of this study was to assess the inflammatory potential of the diets of young people engaging in regular physical activity. The participants were physical education students (n = 141 men and n = 151 women). The measurements included basic anthropometric parameters and a 4-day nutritional history from which the dietary inflammatory index (DII) was calculated. The average DII for female students was 2.09 ± 1.52, and that for male students was 0.21 ± 1.69. Consumption of all macro- and micronutrients was significantly higher among women and men with the lowest DII value (corresponding to an anti-inflammatory diet). The female and male students consuming anti-inflammatory diets were characterized by greater lean body mass (LBM), and, for the male students, a lower body fat content, compared to those whose diets were pro-inflammatory. Young and regularly physically active people are also exposed to the pro-inflammatory nature of their diets, whose long-term effects may lead to health problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Pietrzak
- Department of Human Biology, Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education, 00-968 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Anna Kęska
- Department of Human Biology, Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education, 00-968 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Dagmara Iwańska
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education, 00-968 Warsaw, Poland;
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12
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Seo YG, Paek YJ, Kim JH, Kim JK, Noh HM. Relationship between heated tobacco product use and allergic rhinitis in Korean adults. Tob Induc Dis 2023; 21:146. [PMID: 37954489 PMCID: PMC10632938 DOI: 10.18332/tid/174130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Combustible cigarette (CC) smoking is a risk factor for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma, and some studies reported that tobacco smoking might affect the development or symptom control of allergic rhinitis, sinusitis, and atopic dermatitis. However, evidence on the health risks of heated tobacco products (HTPs) is lacking. We investigated the prevalence of respiratory and allergic diseases according to tobacco use types in Korean adults. METHODS We used data from 18230 adults in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Multiple logistic regression analyses were performed to assess the prevalence of respiratory and allergic diseases according to tobacco use types (current exclusive CC use, current exclusive HTPs use, and dual use of CC and HTPs). RESULTS The prevalence of exclusive CC users, exclusive HTPs users, dual users of CC and HTPs was 15% (n=2740), 1% (n=182), and 2.4% (n=435), respectively. The prevalence of COPD was higher among past tobacco users (AOR=2.37; 95% CI: 1.02-5.51) versus no tobacco use group. The prevalence of asthma was higher among past tobacco users or exclusive CC users (AOR=1.73; 95% CI: 1.26-2.38, and AOR=1.57; 95% CI: 1.08-2.26) versus non-users of tobacco. The prevalence of allergic rhinitis was higher among past tobacco users versus non-users of tobacco (AOR=1.33; 95% CI: 1.13-1.57), and the prevalence of allergic rhinitis was higher among exclusive HTPs users versus non-users of tobacco or exclusive CC users (AOR=1.60; 95% CI: 1.06-2.42, and AOR=1.74; 95% CI: 1.14-2.66). The adjusted odds of sinusitis and atopic dermatitis were not significantly different between tobacco use types. CONCLUSIONS Exclusive use of HTPs was associated with allergic rhinitis in Korean adults. Further longitudinal studies are needed to clarify the health risk of HTPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Gyun Seo
- Department of Family Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University, Anyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Jin Paek
- Department of Family Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University, Anyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo-Hee Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University, Anyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Jwa-Kyung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine & Kidney Research Institute, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University, Anyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Mi Noh
- Department of Family Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University, Anyang, Republic of Korea
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Matsui M, Fukuda A, Onishi S, Ushiro K, Nishikawa T, Asai A, Kim SK, Nishikawa H. Insulin Resistance: A Marker for Fat-to-Lean Body Composition in Japanese Adults. Nutrients 2023; 15:4724. [PMID: 38004118 PMCID: PMC10675297 DOI: 10.3390/nu15224724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
We sought to investigate the relationship between insulin resistance (IR) and body composition as assessed by bioelectrical impedance analysis in Japanese health check-up recipients (1186 men and 1441 women). IR was defined as a Homeostasis Model Assessment of IR (HOMA-IR) ≥ 2.5. In body-composition-related parameters, the fat mass index (F index) was defined as fat mass divided by the height squared (kg/m2). The fat-free mass index (FF index) was defined as fat-free mass divided by the height squared (kg/m2). The F index to FF index ratio (F-FF ratio) was defined as the F index divided by the FF index. Factors related to HOMA-IR were examined. The median HOMA-IR was 1.54 in men and 1.30 in women (p < 0.0001). The median F index was 4.9 kg/m2 in men and 6.1 kg/m2 in women (p < 0.0001). The median FF index was 18.2 kg/m2 in men and 15.1 kg/m2 in women (p < 0.0001). The median F-FF ratio was 0.272 in men and 0.405 in women (p < 0.0001). The F-FF ratio was an independent factor associated with HOMA-IR in the multivariate analysis in both genders, while the F index and FF index were not in both genders. In conclusion, fat and skeletal muscle balance can be controlled by IR in Japanese adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Matsui
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Takatsuki 569-8686, Japan
| | - Akira Fukuda
- Health Science Clinic, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Takatsuki 569-8686, Japan
| | - Saori Onishi
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Takatsuki 569-8686, Japan
| | - Kosuke Ushiro
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Takatsuki 569-8686, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Nishikawa
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Takatsuki 569-8686, Japan
| | - Akira Asai
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Takatsuki 569-8686, Japan
| | - Soo Ki Kim
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kobe Asahi Hospital, Kobe 653-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroki Nishikawa
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Takatsuki 569-8686, Japan
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Huang F, Ji X, Wang Z, Yin Y, Fan L, Li J, Zhou Z, Li X. Fat-to-muscle ratio is associated with insulin resistance and cardiometabolic disorders in adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Obes Metab 2023; 25:3181-3191. [PMID: 37455673 DOI: 10.1111/dom.15212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
AIMS This study aimed to investigate the correlation of the fat-to-muscle ratio (FMR) with insulin resistance (IR) and cardiometabolic disorders (CMD) in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). MATERIALS AND METHODS We retrospectively recruited 420 adults with T1DM [52.6% men, median age 32.4 (24.5, 43.0) years]. Body composition was assessed by bioelectrical impedance analysis and FMR was calculated. The characteristics of the overall participants were compared between tertiles of FMR. Logistic regression analyses were performed to assess the association of FMR tertiles with IR and cardiometabolic risk factors. RESULTS Median age and median haemoglobin A1c of all participants were 32.4 (24.5, 43.0) years and 7.4 (6.5, 8.7)%, respectively. The prevalence of IR and CMD was 18% and 38.6%. The FMR significantly differed between men and women [0.39 (0.31, 0.53) vs. 0.74 (0.63, 0.92), respectively, p < .001]. The proportion of IR and CMD gradually increased as the FMR increased. The multivariable-adjusted odd ratios for IR and CMD in FMR tertile 3 compared with tertile 1 were 4.8 [95% confidence interval (CI): (1.9, 12.1)] and 9.7 (95% CI: 4.2, 22.3), respectively, in men. For women, the corresponding odd ratios were 4.0 (95% CI: 1.2, 12.9) for IR and 5.8 (95% CI: 2.4, 13.6) for CMD. CONCLUSIONS FMR is associated with IR and CMD in adults with T1DM and could be used as a promising parameter for targeting treatment in T1DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fansu Huang
- Department of Nutrition, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology (Central South University), Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaolin Ji
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology (Central South University), Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology (Central South University), Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yixuan Yin
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology (Central South University), Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Li Fan
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology (Central South University), Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Juan Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology (Central South University), Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhiguang Zhou
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology (Central South University), Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xia Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology (Central South University), Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
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Yan F, Nie G, Zhou N, Zhang M, Peng W. Association of fat-to-muscle ratio with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a single-centre retrospective study. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e072489. [PMID: 37903611 PMCID: PMC10618979 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-072489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Sarcopenia is a known risk factor for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Studies evaluating the association between the fat-to-muscle ratio (FMR) and NAFLD are limited. Therefore, the aim of our study was to investigate the association between FMR and NAFLD. DESIGN A retrospective study was conducted on individuals who underwent health examination at Wuhan Union Hospital between January 2020 and November 2021. Clinical data were collected from electronic medical records. SETTING Wuhan Union Hospital, Wuhan, China. PARTICIPANTS 1592 participants aged ≥40 years who underwent body composition analysis and liver ultrasonography were retrospectively reviewed. OUTCOME MEASURES Liver ultrasonography was used to assess liver steatosis, and the fibrosis-4 index was used to calculate the risk scores for liver fibrosis. The 10-year atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk prediction model was used to calculate ASCVD risk scores. RESULTS The FMR was significantly higher in individuals with NAFLD than in those without NAFLD (p<0.001). The prevalence of NAFLD gradually increased from FMR tertile 1 (reference) to tertile 2 (OR=1.49, 95% CI 1.13 to 1.97) and tertile 3 (OR=2.85, 95% CI 2.08 to 3.90). In addition, patients with NAFLD in FMR tertile 3 had a significantly higher risk of liver fibrosis (OR=4.48, 95% CI 2.12 to 9.50) and ASCVD (OR=4.63, 95% CI 2.62 to 8.19) than those in FMR tertile 1 after adjustment for multiple confounders. CONCLUSION In this study, we found a significant association between FMR and NAFLD. A higher FMR indicates a higher risk of NAFLD in the study population and a higher risk of liver fibrosis and ASCVD in NAFLD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengqin Yan
- Department of General Practice, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Guqiao Nie
- Department of General Practice, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Nianli Zhou
- Department of General Practice, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Department of General Practice, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wen Peng
- Department of General Practice, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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16
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Cao YT, Zhang WH, Lou Y, Yan QH, Zhang YJ, Qi F, Xiang LL, Lv TS, Fang ZY, Yu JY, Zhou XQ. Sex- and reproductive status-specific relationships between body composition and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. BMC Gastroenterol 2023; 23:364. [PMID: 37875811 PMCID: PMC10598923 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-023-02997-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sex and reproductive status differences exist in both non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and body composition. Our purpose was to investigate the relationship between body composition and the severity of liver steatosis and fibrosis in NAFLD in different sex and reproductive status populations. METHODS This cross-sectional study included 880 patients (355 men, 417 pre-menopausal women, 108 post-menopausal women). Liver steatosis and fibrosis and body composition data were measured using FibroScan and a bioelectrical impedance body composition analyzer (BIA), respectively, and the following parameters were obtained: liver stiffness measurement (LSM), controlled attenuation parameter (CAP), waist circumference (WC), body mass index (BMI), percent body fat (PBF), visceral fat area (VFA), appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM), appendicular skeletal muscle mass index (ASMI), fat mass (FM), fat free mass (FFM), and FFM to FM ratio (FFM/FM). Multiple ordinal logistic regression (MOLR) was used to analyze the independent correlation between body composition indicators and liver steatosis grade and fibrosis stage in different sex and menopausal status populations. RESULTS Men had higher WC, ASM, ASMI, FFM, and FFM/FM than pre- or post-menopausal women, while pre-menopausal women had higher PBF, VFA, and FM than the other two groups (p < 0.001). Besides, men had greater CAP and LSM values (p < 0.001). For MOLR, after adjusting for confounding factors, WC (OR, 1.07; 95% CI, 1.02-1.12; P = 0.011) and FFM/FM (OR, 0.52; 95% CI, 0.31-0.89; P = 0.017) in men and visceral obesity (OR, 4.16; 95% CI, 1.09-15.90; P = 0.037) in post-menopausal women were independently associated with liver steatosis grade. WC and visceral obesity were independently associated with liver fibrosis stage in men (OR, 1.05; 95% CI, 1.01-1.09, P = 0.013; OR, 3.92; 95% CI, 1.97-7.81; P < 0.001, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Increased WC and low FFM/FM in men and visceral obesity in post-menopausal women were independent correlates of more severe liver steatosis. In addition, increased WC and visceral obesity were independent correlates of worse liver fibrosis in men. These data support the sex- and reproductive status-specific management of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Tian Cao
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Wen-Hui Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Lou
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Qian-Hua Yan
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu-Juan Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Fang Qi
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Liu-Lan Xiang
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Tian-Su Lv
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhu-Yuan Fang
- Institute of Hypertension, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiang-Yi Yu
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xi-Qiao Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.
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Shao Y, Li L, Zhong H, Wang X, Hua Y, Zhou X. Anticipated correlation between lean body mass to visceral fat mass ratio and insulin resistance: NHANES 2011-2018. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1232896. [PMID: 37772076 PMCID: PMC10526824 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1232896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The relationship between body composition and insulin resistance (IR) is controversial. This study aimed to thoroughly examine the correlation between adipose tissue, lean body mass, and IR as evaluated by the Homeostatic Model Assessment (HOMA-IR). Methods In this cross-sectional study, we utilized data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) conducted between 2011 and 2018. Our study included 4981 subjects, and we employed multiple linear regression, smoothed curve fitting, threshold, and saturation effect analysis to investigate the relationship between lean body mass, visceral fat mass, and IR. Also, we used the lean body mass to visceral fat ratio (Log LM/VFM) as a proxy variable to analyze its association with IR alone. Results The study discovered a negative link between lean body mass and IR, but the visceral fat mass was positively correlated after correcting for covariates. A negative correlation was observed when the alternative variable Log LM/VFM was analyzed separately for its association with IR. This association was present regardless of whether the exposure variables were analyzed as continuous or categorical. The data analysis revealed a nonlinear relationship between Log LM/VFM and IR, as evidenced by the generalized additive model. In addition, a threshold effect with a critical value of 1.80 and a saturation effect with a critical point of 2.5 were also observed. Further subgroup analysis for sex, age, BMI, active levels, hypertension, and diabetes showed considerable robustness between the relationship of Log LM/VFM and IR. Conclusion Maintaining a proper ratio of lean body mass and visceral fat is beneficial for decreasing IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Shao
- Department of Health Management Center, TaiHe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Longti Li
- Department of Nursing, TaiHe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Huiqin Zhong
- Department of Gastroenterology, TaiHe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Xiaojun Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, TaiHe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Yu Hua
- Department of Health Management Center, TaiHe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Xu Zhou
- Department of Health Management Center, TaiHe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
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Zhou R, Chen H, Lin Y, Li F, Zhong Q, Huang Y, Wu X. Total and Regional Fat/Muscle Mass Ratio and Risks of Incident Cardiovascular Disease and Mortality. J Am Heart Assoc 2023; 12:e030101. [PMID: 37642038 PMCID: PMC10547339 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.123.030101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Background To evaluate the sex-specific associations of total and regional fat/muscle mass ratio (FMR) with cardiovascular disease (CVD) incidence and mortality, and to explore the underlying mechanisms driven by cardiometabolites and inflammatory cells. We compared the predictive value of FMRs to body mass index. Methods and Results This population-based, prospective cohort study included 468 885 UK Biobank participants free of CVD at baseline. Fat mass and muscle mass were estimated using a bioelectrical impedance assessment device. FMR was calculated as fat mass divided by muscle mass in corresponding body parts (total body, trunk, arm, and leg). Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models and mediation analyses were used. During 12.5 years of follow-up, we documented 49 936 CVD cases and 4158 CVD deaths. Higher total FMR was associated with an increased risk of incident CVD (hazard ratios [HRs] were 1.63 and 1.83 for men and women, respectively), ischemic heart disease (men: HR, 1.61; women: HR, 1.81), myocardial infarction (men: HR, 1.72; women: HR, 1.49), and congestive heart failure (men: HR, 2.25; women: HR, 2.57). The positive associations of FMRs with mortality from total CVD or its subtypes were significant mainly in trunk and arm for male patients (P for trend <0.05). We also identified 8 cardiometabolites and 5 inflammatory cells that partially mediated FMR-CVD associations. FMRs were modestly better at discriminating cardiovascular mortality risk. Conclusions Higher total and regional FMRs were associated with an increased risk of CVD and mortality, partly mediated through cardiometabolites and inflammatory cells. Early monitoring of FMR should be considered to alleviate CVD risk. FMRs were superior to body mass index in predicting CVD mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health (Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research)Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Hao‐Wen Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health (Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research)Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Yang Lin
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Chaoyang District of BeijingBeijingChina
| | - Fu‐Rong Li
- School of MedicineSouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhenChina
| | - Qi Zhong
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health (Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research)Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Yi‐Ning Huang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health (Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research)Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Xian‐Bo Wu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health (Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research)Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
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19
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Song W, Hu H, Ni J, Zhang H, Zhang H, Lu J, Wang K, Mao W, Peng B. Prognostic value of total body muscle-fat ratio in patients with kidney stone disease: A US population-based study. Heliyon 2023; 9:e20339. [PMID: 37810105 PMCID: PMC10560043 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To examine the relationship between the muscle-fat ratio (MFR) and kidney stone disease (KSD) in the adult population of the United States between 2011 and 2018, and whether it can be used as a predictor of KSD prognosis. Materials and methods We conducted a cross-sectional study analysing 9326 patients from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2011 to 2018. We analyzed all participants by sex, age, race, level of education, marital status, household income-to-poverty ratio, hypertension, diabetes, vigorous physical activity, moderate physical activity, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, uric acid, cotinine, and MFR. Dose-response curves with a restricted cubic spline function, univariate and multifactorial logistic regression were used for the analysis of the correlation between MFR and KSD. Finally, we created predictive models based on age, race, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, cotinine and MFR. The prediction model was evaluated using calibration curves, receiver operating characteristic curves and clinical decision curves from the training and test sets. Results Of the 9326 participants, 8582 (92%) self-reported that they did not have KSD and 744 (8%) self-reported that they had KSD. Univariate and multifactorial logistic regression showed that MFR was negatively associated with the prevalence of KSD (odds ratio [OR]: 0.770, 95% CI: 0.703-0.843; OR: 0.815, 95% CI: 0.738-0.897). Similarly, the risk of developing KSD decreased with increasing MFR as shown by the dose curves in the restricted cubic bar graphs. Furthermore, there is some accuracy (AUC = 0.652) and clinical applicability to the model we constructed based on the results of multifactorial logistic regression. Conclusion The MFR is protective factor against the developing KSD in adults in the USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Song
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Putuo District People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200062, China
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Clinical College, Anhui Medical University, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Huiqing Hu
- Department of Oncology, Fuyang Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Fuyang, 236000, China
| | - Jinliang Ni
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Putuo District People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200062, China
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Clinical College, Anhui Medical University, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Haipeng Zhang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Putuo District People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200062, China
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, Shanghai, China
| | - Houliang Zhang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Putuo District People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200062, China
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiahao Lu
- Shanghai Clinical College, Anhui Medical University, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Keyi Wang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Putuo District People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200062, China
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, Shanghai, China
| | - Weipu Mao
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Bo Peng
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Putuo District People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200062, China
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Clinical College, Anhui Medical University, Shanghai, 200072, China
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20
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Casirati A, Somaschini A, Muraca M, Cereda E, Morsellino V, Di Iorgi N, Caccialanza R, Haupt R. Fat-to-lean mass ratio as a tool to detect the dysmetabolic profile in childhood cancer survivors. Nutrition 2023; 113:112129. [PMID: 37487272 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2023.112129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Survival after childhood cancer has significantly improved in recent decades. Nevertheless, an increased incidence of metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease among childhood cancer survivors (CCS) has been reported. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether fat-to-lean mass ratio (FLR) is associated with a dysmetabolic profile in CCS. METHODS At least 2 years from completion of therapy, data from CCS aged 10 to 16 years at follow-up and without any concurrent steroid treatment were collected. Body mass index, waist circumference (WC), WC-to-height ratio, laboratory blood tests, and FLR calculated by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry measurements were considered. Body mass index >85th percentile and >97th percentile, WC >90th percentile, and WC-to-height ratio > 0.5 were chosen as criteria of overweight and obesity, visceral obesity, and increased cardiovascular risk, respectively. RESULTS We enrolled 205 CCS previously treated for hematologic cancer or solid or central nervous system tumor. The best cutoff of FLR was 0.6. CCS; those with FLR ≥0.6 (43%) were more frequently overweight and obese (P < 0.001), and presented with higher levels of triglycerides (P = 0.011), homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (P = 0.001), alanine transaminase (P = 0.004), and trunk fat (P < 0.001) and lower levels of insulin-like growth factor 1 (P < 0.001) and lean mass (P = 0.009). WC >90th percentile (P = 0.007), insulin-like growth factor 1 (P = 0.002), and trunk fat (P = 0.006) were independent predictors of FLR ≥0.6 in a model including all the previous variables. CONCLUSIONS An increased FLR is suggestive of altered body composition phenotype, allowing identification of CCS at higher risk of metabolic syndrome. Diet and physical activity are needed from commencement of oncological treatments to preserve overall nutritional status and maintain it over the long term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Casirati
- Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Alberto Somaschini
- Division of Cardiology and Cardiac Intensive Care Unit, San Paolo Hospital, Savona, Italy
| | - Monica Muraca
- DOPO (Diagnosi, Osservazione, Prevenzione dopo terapia Oncologica) Clinic, Department of Hematology/Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Emanuele Cereda
- Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Vera Morsellino
- DOPO (Diagnosi, Osservazione, Prevenzione dopo terapia Oncologica) Clinic, Department of Hematology/Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Natascia Di Iorgi
- Department of Pediatrics, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, University of Genova, Genoa, Italy; Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophtalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.
| | - Riccardo Caccialanza
- Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Riccardo Haupt
- DOPO (Diagnosi, Osservazione, Prevenzione dopo terapia Oncologica) Clinic, Department of Hematology/Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
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21
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Kim J, Kang S, Kang H. Normal-Weight Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome in Korean Adults: A Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:2303. [PMID: 37628501 PMCID: PMC10454074 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11162303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The disadvantage of using body mass index (BMI) as an obesity diagnostic tool is that it cannot distinguish between fat mass and lean mass, which may understate the impact of obesity on metabolic complications. This population-based cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the relationship between normal-weight obesity (NWO) and metabolic syndrome in Korean adults aged 20 years (5962 males and 6558 females) who took part in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys from 2008 to 2011. METHODS NWO was defined as having a BMI of 18.5 to 24.9 kg/m2 and a body fat percentage of 26.0% in males or 36.0% in females. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) was defined using the revised National Cholesterol Education Program definition, with a Korean-specific waist circumference threshold of >90 cm for males and >85 cm for females. RESULTS NWO males and females were 2.7 times (p < 0.001) and 1.9 times (p < 0.001) more likely to develop metabolic syndrome than normal-weight non-obese males and females, respectively. Additionally, NWO females were 1.3 times (p = 0.027) more likely to develop MetS even after adjustments for all measured covariates. CONCLUSIONS The current findings of the study show that NWO is a proxy biomarker of MetS to be considered for early intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hyunsik Kang
- College of Sport Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea; (J.K.); (S.K.)
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22
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Anisimova MV, Gon Y, Kontsevaya GV, Romashchenko AV, Khotskin NV, Stanova AK, Gerlinskaya LA, Moshkin MP. Body composition as an indicator of metabolic changes in mice obtained by in vitro fertilization. Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genet Selektsii 2023; 27:357-365. [PMID: 37465196 PMCID: PMC10350860 DOI: 10.18699/vjgb-23-43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
To identify body systems subject to epigenetic transformation during in vitro fertilization (IVF), comparative morphological and functional studies were performed on sexually mature offspring of outbred CD1 mice, specific-pathogen-free (SPF), obtained by IVF (experiment) and natural conception (control). The studies included assessment of age-related changes in body weight and composition, energy intake and expenditure, and glucose homeostasis. To level the effects caused by the different number of newborns in the control and in the experiment, the size of the fed litters was halved in the control females. Males obtained using the IVF procedure were superior in body weight compared to control males in all age groups. As was shown by analysis of variance with experiment/control factors, gender, age (7, 10 and 20 weeks), the IVF procedure had a statistically significant and unidirectional effect on body composition. At the same time, IVF offspring outperformed control individuals in relative fat content, but were behind in terms of lean mass. The effect of the interaction of factors was not statistically significant. IVF offspring of both sexes had higher fat to lean mass ratios (FLR). Since adipose tissue contributes significantly less to total energy intake compared to muscle, the main component of lean mass, it is not surprising that at the same level of IVF locomotor activity offspring consumed less food than controls. When converted to one gram of body weight, this difference reached 19 %. One of the consequences of reduced utilization of IVF energy substrates by offspring is a decrease in their tolerance to glucose loading. The integral criterion for the effectiveness of restoring the initial glucose level is the area under the curve (AUC), the value of which was 2.5 (males) and 3.2 (females) times higher in IVF offspring compared to the corresponding control. Thus, the totality of our original and literature data shows an increase in the risk of metabolic disorders in IVF offspring, which is confirmed by epidemiological studies of a relatively young cohort of people born using assisted reproductive technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M V Anisimova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Yanli Gon
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - G V Kontsevaya
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - A V Romashchenko
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - N V Khotskin
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - A K Stanova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - L A Gerlinskaya
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - M P Moshkin
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia Tomsk State University, Department of Vertebrate Zoology and Ecology, Tomsk, Russia
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23
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Cano-García L, Manrique-Arija S, Domínguez-Quesada C, Vacas-Pérez JC, Armenteros-Ortiz PJ, Ruiz-Vilchez D, Martín-Martín JM, Redondo-Rodríguez R, García-Studer A, Ortiz-Márquez F, Mena-Vázquez N, Fernández-Nebro A. Sarcopenia and Nutrition in Elderly Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study to Determine Prevalence and Risk Factors. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15112440. [PMID: 37299407 DOI: 10.3390/nu15112440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the prevalence of sarcopenia in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients aged ≥65 years and identify the risk factors associated with sarcopenia. METHODS This is a multicenter, controlled, cross-sectional study of 76 RA patients and 76 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Sarcopenia was defined according to the revised criteria of the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP2). Whole-body dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) was performed. Binary regression was used to assess the relationship between sarcopenia and sex, age, duration of RA, Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) score, and Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) score in patients with RA. RESULTS Nearly 80% of participants were female, and the average age was >70 years. Patients with RA had lower muscle mass and greater adiposity (fat-to-muscle ratio mean [SD] 0.9 [0.2] vs. 0.8 [0.2]; p = 0.017) than controls, mainly in the central area (android/gynoid ratio, median [p25-p75]: 1.0 [0.9-1.2] vs. 0.9 [0.8-1.1]; p < 0.001). Twelve patients (15.8%) and three controls (3.9%) had confirmed sarcopenia (p = 0.014). Sarcopenic obesity was observed in 8/76 patients with RA (10.5%) and in 1/76 controls (1.3%) (p = 0.016). The factors associated with sarcopenia were male sex (OR [95% CI]: 9.3 [1.1-80.4]; p = 0.042), disease duration (OR [95% CI]: 1.1 [1.0-1.2]; p = 0.012), and nutritional status according to the MNA (OR [95% CI]: 0.7 [0.5-0.9]; p = 0.042). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that patients with RA aged ≥65 years may be at increased risk for sarcopenia, adiposity, and malnutrition (especially male patients with long-standing disease) and have poor nutritional status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Cano-García
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA)-Plataforma Bionand, 29010 Málaga, Spain
- UGC de Reumatología, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, 29009 Málaga, Spain
| | - Sara Manrique-Arija
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA)-Plataforma Bionand, 29010 Málaga, Spain
- UGC de Reumatología, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, 29009 Málaga, Spain
- Departamento de Medicina, Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain
| | | | | | - Pedro J Armenteros-Ortiz
- UGC de Reumatología, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía de Córdoba, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Desiré Ruiz-Vilchez
- UGC de Reumatología, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía de Córdoba, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - José María Martín-Martín
- UGC de Reumatología, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria, 38010 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Rocío Redondo-Rodríguez
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA)-Plataforma Bionand, 29010 Málaga, Spain
- UGC de Reumatología, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, 29009 Málaga, Spain
| | - Aimara García-Studer
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA)-Plataforma Bionand, 29010 Málaga, Spain
- UGC de Reumatología, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, 29009 Málaga, Spain
| | - Fernando Ortiz-Márquez
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA)-Plataforma Bionand, 29010 Málaga, Spain
- UGC de Reumatología, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, 29009 Málaga, Spain
| | - Natalia Mena-Vázquez
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA)-Plataforma Bionand, 29010 Málaga, Spain
- UGC de Reumatología, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, 29009 Málaga, Spain
| | - Antonio Fernández-Nebro
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA)-Plataforma Bionand, 29010 Málaga, Spain
- UGC de Reumatología, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, 29009 Málaga, Spain
- Departamento de Medicina, Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain
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Muriel P, Cardoso-Lezama I, Vargas-Pozada EE, Ramos-Tovar E. Mechanisms of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease development in normal-weight individuals. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 35:521-529. [PMID: 36966767 DOI: 10.1097/meg.0000000000002530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
While non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) without inflammation or fibrosis is considered a relatively 'benign' disease, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), by contrast, is characterized by marked inflammation in addition to lipid accumulation, and may include fibrosis, progression to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Obesity and type II diabetes are frequently associated with NAFLD/NASH; however, a significant number of lean individuals may develop these diseases. Little attention has been paid to the causes and mechanisms contributing to NAFLD development in normal-weight individuals. One of the main causes of NAFLD in normal-weight individuals is the accumulation of visceral and muscular fat and its interaction with the liver. Myosteatosis (triglyceride accumulation in the muscle) induces a loss of muscle by reducing blood flow and insulin diffusion, contributing to NAFLD. Normal-weight patients with NAFLD exhibit higher serum markers of liver damage and C-reactive protein levels, as well as more pronounced insulin resistance, compared to healthy controls. Notably, increased levels of C-reactive protein and insulin resistance are strongly correlated with the risk of developing NAFLD/NASH. Gut dysbiosis has also been associated with NAFLD/NASH progression in normal-weight individuals. More investigation is required to elucidate the mechanisms leading to NAFLD in normal-weight individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Muriel
- Laboratory of Experimental Hepatology, Department of Pharmacology, Cinvestav-IPN, Mexico City
| | - Irina Cardoso-Lezama
- Laboratory of Experimental Hepatology, Department of Pharmacology, Cinvestav-IPN, Mexico City
| | - Eduardo E Vargas-Pozada
- Laboratory of Experimental Hepatology, Department of Pharmacology, Cinvestav-IPN, Mexico City
| | - Erika Ramos-Tovar
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Casco de Santo Tomás, Ciudad de México, Mexico
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25
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He H, Pan L, Wang D, Liu F, Du J, Pa L, Wang X, Cui Z, Ren X, Wang H, Peng X, Zhao J, Shan G. The association between muscle-to-fat ratio and cardiometabolic risks: The China National Health Survey. Exp Gerontol 2023; 175:112155. [PMID: 36940562 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2023.112155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship between muscle mass and fat mass might be an indicator to assess the cardiometabolic risk independently from overweight/obesity, but evidence from a representative general Chinese population is lacking. OBJECTIVE To understand the age- and sex-specific associations between muscle-to-fat ratio (MFR) and cardiometabolic risks in Chinese population. METHODS 31,178 (12,526 men and 18,652 women) subjects from the China National Health Survey were included. Muscle mass and fat mass were assessed by a bioelectrical impedance device. MFR was calculated as muscle mass divided by fat mass. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), serum lipids, fasting plasma glucose and serum uric acid were measured. General linear regressions, quantile regressions and restricted cubic-spline (RCS) regressions were applied to assess the effect of MFR on cardiometabolic profiles. RESULTS Per unit increase of MFR was associated with a 0.631 (0.759-0.502) mmHg SBP decrease in men, 2.648 (3.073-2.223) in women; 0.480 (0.568-0.392) mmHg DBP decrease in men, 2.049 (2.325-1.774) in women; a 0.054 (0.062-0.046) mmol/L total cholesterol decrease in men, 0.147 (0.172-0.122) in women; 0.084 (0.098-0.070) mmol/L triglycerides decrease in men, 0.225 (0.256-0.194) in women; a 0.045 (0.054-0.037) mmol/L low-density lipoprotein decrease in men, 0.183 (0.209-0.157) in women; a 2.870 (2.235-3.506) μmol/L serum uric acid decrease in men, 13.352 (14.967-11.737) in women; and a 0.027 (0.020-0.033) mmol/L high-density lipoprotein increase in men, 0.112 (0.098-0.126) mmol/L in women. The effect in overweight/obese people was much significant than in under/normal weight counterparts. The RCS curves revealed both linear and non-linear relationships between increased MFR and lower cardiometabolic risk. CONCLUSIONS Muscle-to-fat ratio is independently associated with multiple cardiometabolic parameters among Chinese adults. Higher MFR is related with better cardiometabolic health, and the effect is much significant in overweight/obese people and women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijing He
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Li Pan
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Dingming Wang
- Department of Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Prevention and Control, Guizhou Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guiyang, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Department of Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Prevention and Control, Shaanxi Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xi'an, China
| | - Jianwei Du
- Department of Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Prevention and Control, Hainan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Haikou, China
| | - Lize Pa
- Department of Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Prevention and Control, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Urumqi, China
| | - Xianghua Wang
- Integrated Office, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Ze Cui
- Department of Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Prevention and Control, Hebei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xiaolan Ren
- Department of Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Prevention and Control, Gansu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hailing Wang
- Department of Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Prevention and Control, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hohhot, China
| | - Xia Peng
- Department of Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Prevention and Control, Yunnan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming, China
| | - Jingbo Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Guangliang Shan
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
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Manzano-Carrasco S, Garcia-Unanue J, Haapala EA, Felipe JL, Gallardo L, Lopez-Fernandez J. Relationships of BMI, muscle-to-fat ratio, and handgrip strength-to-BMI ratio to physical fitness in Spanish children and adolescents. Eur J Pediatr 2023; 182:2345-2357. [PMID: 36881145 PMCID: PMC9989582 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-023-04887-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the relationship of body mass index (BMI), muscle-to-fat ratio (MFR), and handgrip strength-to-BMI ratio to physical fitness parameters in an active young population according to sex across four different time points. A total of 2256 Spanish children and adolescents (aged 5-18) from rural areas participating in an extracurricular sport in different municipal sports schools participated in this study. Participants were divided into children (5-10 years) and adolescents (11-18 years), boys and girls, and across four different time points (2018, 2019, 2020, 2021). Data on anthropometric measures (BMI, MFR, appendicular skeletal muscle mass) and physical fitness (handgrip strength, cardiorespiratory fitness, and vertical jump) were collected. Boys who were overweight, but especially boys with obesity, had higher absolute handgrip strength in children and adolescents than their normal weight counterparts in 2020 and 2021. Boys and girls with normal weight presented higher cardiorespiratory fitness and vertical jump than their overweight and obese peers over the years. The MFR was directly correlated with the cardiorespiratory fitness and vertical jump variables, but not with handgrip strength, in boys and girls. The handgrip strength-to-BMI ratio in both sexes was positively correlated to the different physical fitness parameters. Conclusion: BMI, MFR, and handgrip strength-to-BMI can be used as health and physical fitness indicators in this population. What is Known: • BMI is the main indicator commonly used as a proxy for obesity for many years. Nevertheless, it cannot differentiate between fat mass and fat-free mass. • There are other indicators such as MFR and handgrip strength-to-BMI that might be more accurate and can serve to monitor the health and fitness of children and adolescents. What is New: • MFR showed a positive and significant correlation with cardiorespiratory fitness and vertical jump in both sexes. On the other hand, the handgrip strength-to-BMI presented a positive correlation with cardiorespiratory fitness, vertical jump, and handgrip strength. • The use of these indicators obtained through different parameters of body composition and physical fitness can serve as a tool to identify the relationships of the paediatric population with physical fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Manzano-Carrasco
- IGOID Research Group, Department of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain
| | - Jorge Garcia-Unanue
- IGOID Research Group, Department of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain.
| | - Eero A Haapala
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland.,Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jose Luis Felipe
- IGOID Research Group, Department of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain
| | - Leonor Gallardo
- IGOID Research Group, Department of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain
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High Fat-to-Muscle Ratio Was Associated with Increased Clinical Severity in Patients with Abdominal Trauma. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12041503. [PMID: 36836037 PMCID: PMC9960721 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12041503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Overweight and moderate obesity confer a survival benefit in chronic diseases such as coronary artery disease and chronic kidney disease, which has been termed the "obesity paradox". However, whether this phenomenon exists in trauma patients remains controversial. We performed a retrospective cohort study in abdominal trauma patients admitted to a Level I trauma center in Nanjing, China between 2010 and 2020. In addition to the traditional body mass index (BMI) based measures, we further examined the association between body composition-based indices with clinical severity in trauma populations. Body composition indices including skeletal muscle index (SMI), fat tissue index (FTI), and total fat-to-muscle ratio (FTI/SMI) were measured using computed tomography. Our study found that overweight was associated with a four-fold risk of mortality (OR, 4.47 [95% CI, 1.40-14.97], p = 0.012) and obesity was associated with a seven-fold risk of mortality (OR, 6.56 [95% CI, 1.07-36.57], p = 0.032) compared to normal weight. Patients with high FTI/SMI had a three-fold risk of mortality (OR, 3.06 [95% CI, 1.08-10.16], p = 0.046) and double the risk of an intensive care unit length of stay ≥ 5 d (OR, 1.75 [95% CI, 1.06-2.91], p = 0.031) compared to patients with low FTI/SMI. The obesity paradox was not observed in abdominal trauma patients, and high FTI/SMI ratio was independently associated with increased clinical severity.
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Yan F, Nie G, Zhou N, Zhang M, Peng W. Combining Fat-to-Muscle Ratio and Alanine Aminotransferase/Aspartate Aminotransferase Ratio in the Prediction of Cardiometabolic Risk: A Cross-Sectional Study. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2023; 16:795-806. [PMID: 36945296 PMCID: PMC10024880 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s401024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Altered body composition and liver enzymes are known to be related to cardiometabolic risk. Our study aimed to evaluate the association between fat-to-muscle ratio (FMR), alanine aminotransferase/aspartate aminotransferase (ALT/AST) ratio and cardiometabolic risk. METHODS In total, 1557 participants aged ≥40 years were included. A bioelectrical impedance analyzer (BIA) was used to measure fat mass and muscle mass. We created a cardiometabolic risk score with one point for each cardiometabolic risk factor, including elevated triglycerides (TGs), decreased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), elevated blood pressure (BP), and abnormal blood glucose, yielding a score of 0-4 for each participant (≥2 for high-risk and <2 for low-risk). Logistic regression analyses were used to analyze the relationship between FMR, ALT/AST ratio and cardiometabolic risk. RESULTS FMR and ALT/AST ratio were significantly higher in the high-risk group than in the low-risk group (P<0.001). FMR and ALT/AST ratio were both positively correlated with a higher cardiometabolic risk score and the presence of each cardiometabolic risk factor. In subgroup analyses categorized according to FMR and ALT/AST ratio cutoffs, the high-FMR/high-ALT/AST group had the highest cardiometabolic risk (OR=8.51; 95% CI 4.46-16.25 in women and OR=5.09; 95% CI 3.39-7.65 in men) after adjusting for confounders. CONCLUSION FMR and ALT/AST ratio were positively associated with cardiometabolic risk. Combining these two indicators improved the prediction of cardiometabolic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengqin Yan
- Department of General Practice, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guqiao Nie
- Department of General Practice, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Nianli Zhou
- Department of General Practice, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Department of General Practice, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wen Peng
- Department of General Practice, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Wen Peng, Department of General Practice, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Jianghan District, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 13986074846, Email
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Ben Simon A, Brener A, Segev-Becker A, Yackobovitch-Gavan M, Uretzky A, Schachter Davidov A, Alaev A, Oren A, Eyal O, Weintrob N, Lebenthal Y. Body composition in children and adolescents with non-classic congenital adrenal hyperplasia and the risk for components of metabolic syndrome: An observational study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1022752. [PMID: 36353234 PMCID: PMC9639453 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1022752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Treated or untreated non-classic congenital adrenal hyperplasia (NCCAH) diagnosed in childhood could pose an increased risk of obesity and metabolic derangements in adolescence and early adulthood. We aimed to explore the interaction between muscle-to-fat ratio (MFR) and components of metabolic syndrome in pediatric subjects with NCCAH. Methods This retrospective observational study was conducted in the Tel Aviv Medical Center from January 2018 to January 2022. The study group comprised 75 subjects (26 males) with NCCAH (61 hydrocortisone-treated [21 males] and 14 untreated [5 males]) and 134 healthy sex- and age-matched subjects (41 males) with normal puberty served as controls. Body composition was measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and muscle-to-fat ratio (MFR) z-scores were calculated. Stepwise linear regression models were applied to evaluate explanatory variables for MFR z-scores, blood pressure percentiles, lipid profiles, and glucose metabolism. Results The median age [interquartile range] was 7.5 years [5.3, 8.8] at NCCAH diagnosis and 12.3 years [8.9, 15.4] at BIA. The median cumulative hydrocortisone dose was 7620 mg/m2 [2547, 12903]. Subjects with NCCAH had higher mean BMI z-scores and lower median MFR z-scores compared to controls [(0.47 ± 0.97 vs. -0.19 ± 1.04, p<0.001) and (-0.74 [-1.06, -0.14] vs.-0.37 [-0.99, 0.15], p=0.045), respectively]. The linear regression models dependent variables and their explanatory variables were: MFR z-score (R2= 0.253, p<0.001) - socioeconomic position index (β=0.348, p=0.003), birthweight z-score (β=-0.258, p=0.013), and duration of hydrocortisone treatment in years (β=0.048, p=0.023); systolic blood pressure percentile (R2 = 0.166, p<0.001) - MFR z-score (β=-9.75, p<0.001); TG/HDL ratio (R2 = 0.116, p=0.024) - MFR z-score (β=-0.300, p=0.024). No significant variables were found for glucose. Conclusions Children and adolescents with NCCAH have a body composition characterized by an imbalance between muscle and fat tissues, which may place them at increased risk for early-onset cardiometabolic derangements. It is reassuring that glucocorticoid therapy aimed to alleviate androgen overproduction does not appear to adversely affect their body composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asaf Ben Simon
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Avivit Brener
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- The Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes Unit, Dana-Dwek Children’s Hospital, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Anat Segev-Becker
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- The Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes Unit, Dana-Dwek Children’s Hospital, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Michal Yackobovitch-Gavan
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Adi Uretzky
- The Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes Unit, Dana-Dwek Children’s Hospital, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Anita Schachter Davidov
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- The Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes Unit, Dana-Dwek Children’s Hospital, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Angelika Alaev
- The Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes Unit, Dana-Dwek Children’s Hospital, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Nursing Services, Dana-Dwek Children’s Hospital, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Asaf Oren
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- The Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes Unit, Dana-Dwek Children’s Hospital, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ori Eyal
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- The Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes Unit, Dana-Dwek Children’s Hospital, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Naomi Weintrob
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- The Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes Unit, Dana-Dwek Children’s Hospital, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yael Lebenthal
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- The Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes Unit, Dana-Dwek Children’s Hospital, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
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He H, Pan L, Wang D, Liu F, Du J, Pa L, Wang X, Cui Z, Ren X, Wang H, Peng X, Zhao J, Shan G. Fat-to-Muscle Ratio Is Independently Associated with Hyperuricemia and a Reduced Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate in Chinese Adults: The China National Health Survey. Nutrients 2022; 14:4193. [PMID: 36235845 PMCID: PMC9573307 DOI: 10.3390/nu14194193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effects of the fat-to-muscle ratio (FMR) on hyperuricemia and a reduction in the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) are still unclear. METHODS Data from the China National Health Survey were used to explore the associations of the FMR with hyperuricemia and reduced eGFR. The fat mass and muscle mass were measured through bioelectrical impedance analysis. Mediation analysis was used to estimate the mediated effect of hyperuricemia on the association between the FMR and reduced eGFR. RESULTS A total of 31171 participants were included. For hyperuricemia, compared with the Q1 of the FMR, the ORs (95% CI) of Q2, Q3 and Q4 were 1.60 (1.32-1.95), 2.31 (1.91-2.80) and 2.71 (2.15-3.43) in men and 1.91 (1.56-2.34), 2.67 (2.12-3.36) and 4.47 (3.40-5.89) in women. For the reduced eGFR, the ORs (95% CI) of Q2, Q3 and Q4 of the FMR were 1.48 (1.18-1.87), 1.38 (1.05-1.82) and 1.45 (1.04-2.04) in men aged 40-59, but no positive association was found in younger men or in women. Hyperuricemia mediated the association between the FMR and reduced eGFR in men. The OR (95% CI) of the indirect effect was 1.08 (1.05-1.10), accounting for 35.11% of the total effect. CONCLUSIONS The FMR was associated with hyperuricemia and reduced eGFR, and the associations varied based on sex and age. The effect of the FMR on the reduced eGFR was significantly mediated by hyperuricemia in men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijing He
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Li Pan
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Dingming Wang
- Department of Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Prevention and Control, Guizhou Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guiyang 550004, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Department of Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Prevention and Control, Shaanxi Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xi’an 710054, China
| | - Jianwei Du
- Department of Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Prevention and Control, Hainan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Haikou 570203, China
| | - Lize Pa
- Department of Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Prevention and Control, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Urumqi 830001, China
| | - Xianghua Wang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Ze Cui
- Department of Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Prevention and Control, Hebei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shijiazhuang 050000, China
| | - Xiaolan Ren
- Department of Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Prevention and Control, Gansu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Hailing Wang
- Department of Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Prevention and Control, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Baotou 014000, China
| | - Xia Peng
- Department of Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Prevention and Control, Yunnan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming 650022, China
| | - Jingbo Zhao
- School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Guangliang Shan
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
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31
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Wang W, Luo Y, Zhuang Z, Song Z, Huang N, Li Y, Dong X, Xiao W, Zhao Y, Huang T. Total and regional fat-to-muscle mass ratio and risks of incident all-cause dementia, Alzheimer's disease, and vascular dementia. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2022; 13:2447-2455. [PMID: 35856185 PMCID: PMC9530585 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.13054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The fat-to-muscle mass ratio (FMR), which integrates the antagonistic effects of fat and muscle mass, has been proposed as a useful indicator to assess disease risk independent of overall obesity. However, little is known about the association between FMR and dementia risk. We aimed to prospectively investigate the sex-specific associations between total and regional FMR and incident dementia. METHODS A total of 491 420 participants (223 581 men and 267 839 women; mean age 56.7 ± 8.2 and 56.3 ± 8.0 years old, respectively) free of dementia at baseline from the UK Biobank were included. Fat mass and muscle mass were measured using a bioelectrical impedance assessment device. Cox regression analyses were used to examine the associations of total and regional FMR with incident all-cause dementia, Alzheimer's disease (AD) and vascular dementia (VD). The shape of the associations of the continuous scale of FMR and incident dementia were examined using restricted cubic spline analysis. RESULTS During a median 8.65 years of follow-up, we documented 2 225 incident all-cause dementia cases, including 836 AD and 468 VD cases. There was an L-shaped association between whole body FMR and all-cause dementia risk in both sexes after adjusting body mass index (BMI) and other covariates (P for non-linear <0.001 in men and women), where all-cause dementia risk decreased steeply with increasing FMR and levelled off at around the medians (0.35 in men, 0.61 in women) with a hazard ratio (HR) of 0.78 (95% CI: 0.64, 0.96; P = 0.019) and 0.60 (0.47, 0.77; <0.001) per 1 standard deviation (SD) increase in men and women, respectively. Compared with other body parts, FMR of the leg showed the strongest inverse associations [HR (95% CI; P) per 1 SD below the medians: 0.60 (0.48, 0.75; <0.001); 0.61 (0.47, 0.79; <0.001) in men and women, respectively]. Specifically, the inverse associations of whole body FMR on all-cause dementia risk were significant only among participants over the age of 60 (P for trend <0.001). Multivariable adjusted Cox models showed inverse associations of whole body FMR with AD in men only (P for trend = 0.003), whereas no statistically significant decrease was detected in VD among men and women. CONCLUSIONS Our analyses provide strong evidence for L-shaped associations of total and regional FMR with the development of dementia among participants aged 60 years or older independent of overall obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxiu Wang
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yongchun Luo
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenhuang Zhuang
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zimin Song
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Ninghao Huang
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yueying Li
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Dong
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Wendi Xiao
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yimin Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Huang
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.,Center for Intelligent Public Health, Academy for Artificial Intelligence, Peking University, Beijing, China
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Zhang JX, Li W, Tao XJ, Chen C, Wang QA, Liu WL, Yang C, Wang KR, Qiu JW, Zhao Y, Zhang YH. Fat-to-muscle ratio as a predictor for dyslipidaemia in transitional-age youth. Lipids Health Dis 2022; 21:88. [PMID: 36123675 PMCID: PMC9487042 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-022-01697-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although dyslipidaemia may have a crucial impact on cardiovascular health in adults, there is a lack of specific data in transitional-age youth. Therefore, this study attempted to evaluate the association of dyslipidaemia with fat-to-muscle ratio (FMR), and establish FMR thresholds for diagnosing dyslipidaemia in transitional-age youth. Methods One thousand six hundred sixty individuals aged 16 to 24 years from the baseline of a subcohort in the Northwest China Natural Population Cohort: Ningxia Project were analysed. Anthropometric characteristics were gauged by a bioelectrical impedance analyser, and dyslipidaemia components were measured using a Beckman AU480 chemistry analyser. Additionally, this study used logistic regression to estimate the risk of dyslipidaemia based on FMR quintiles, and calculate the gender-specific ideal cut-off values of dyslipidaemia and its components by the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Results Of the 1660 participants, aged 19.06 ± 1.14 years, 558 males and 1102 females. The prevalence of dyslipidaemia was 13.4% and was significantly associated with FMR quintiles among all participants (P < 0.05). The ideal values of FMR in diagnosing dyslipidaemia were 0.2224 for males and 0.4809 for females, while males had a higher AUC than females (0.7118 vs. 0.6656). Meanwhile, high FMR values were significantly associated with adverse outcomes of dyslipidaemia, hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridaemia (P < 0.05). Conclusions The FMR was positively correlated with the prevalence of dyslipidaemia. The FMR can be used as an effective body composition index for diagnosing dyslipidaemia, especially in males, and preventive strategies should be initiated in transitional-age youth to decrease obesity-related dyslipidaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Xing Zhang
- School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Li
- School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiu-Juan Tao
- School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Hospital Infection Management, People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, Ningxia, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing-An Wang
- School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, People's Republic of China
| | - Wan-Lu Liu
- School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, People's Republic of China
| | - Chan Yang
- School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai-Rong Wang
- School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiang-Wei Qiu
- School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Zhao
- School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yu-Hong Zhang
- School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, People's Republic of China.
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Zhao S, Tang J, Zhao Y, Xu C, Xu Y, Yu S, Zhang Y. The impact of body composition and fat distribution on blood pressure in young and middle-aged adults. Front Nutr 2022; 9:979042. [PMID: 36118739 PMCID: PMC9478411 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.979042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The relative contributions of each component of body composition to blood pressure (BP) remain unclear. Objective We aimed to comprehensively investigate the impact of body composition and fat distribution on BP and quantify their relative contributions to BP in a large cohort with young and middle-aged adults. Methods 14,412 participants with available data on whole-body DXA measurement from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were included. Multiple stepwise linear regressions of BP on components of body composition and fat distribution were built. Then, relative importance analysis was performed to quantify the contributions of each component to BP. Results The median age of participants was 36 years and there were 50.7% women. Linear regression with mutual adjustment showed that total fat mass, total muscle mass, and trunk fat mass significantly and positively associated with BP; however, arm and leg fat mass significantly and negatively associated with BP. In men, after further adjusted for potential covariates, SBP were significantly determined by trunk fat mass (β = 0.33, P < 0.001), leg fat mass (β = − 0.12, P < 0.001), and total muscle mass (β = 0.10, P < 0.001); and DBP were significantly determined by trunk fat mass (β = 0.52, P < 0.001), leg fat mass (β = −0.15, P < 0.001), arm fat mass (β = −0.23, P < 0.001), and total muscle mass (β = 0.06, P < 0.001). Similar results were observed in women. Relative importance analysis showed that trunk fat mass was the major contributor (38–61%) to both SBP and DBP; meanwhile, total muscle mass also made relatively great contribution (35–43%) to SBP. Conclusion Both fat mass and muscle mass independently associated with and substantially contributed to SBP in both men and women. After full adjustment, trunk fat mass positively associated with both SBP and DBP, and was the most dominant contributor to BP; however, leg fat mass negatively associated with both SBP and DBP.
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Rugila DF, Oliveira JM, Machado FVC, Correia NS, Puzzi VC, Passos NFP, Freitas PD, Pitta F, Carvalho CRF, Furlanetto KC. Fat mass to fat-free mass ratio and its associations with clinical characteristics in asthma. Heart Lung 2022; 56:154-160. [PMID: 35908350 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrtlng.2022.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fat mass to fat-free mass ratio (FM/FFM) assesses the combined effect of the balance between fat mass and fat-free mass. AIMS to evaluate the associations beetween FM/FFM and clinical outcomes in asthma and to compare clinical characteristics between individuals with higher and lower FM/FFM. METHODS 128 participants with asthma underwent anthropometric, spirometry and bioelectrical impedance assessments. Physical activity in daily life (PADL) was assessed by the Actigraph for 7 days. Daily dose of inhaled medication, steps of pharmacological treatment, Asthma Control Questionnaire, Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale were also assessed. Participants were classified into two groups according to the 50th percentile of reference values for FM/FFM. RESULTS Individuals with higher FM/FFM (n=75) used higher daily doses of inhaled corticosteroids, had worse lung function and fewer steps/day when compared to those with lower FM/FFM (n=53) (P≤0.021). Associations were found between absolute values of FM/FFM with lung function (FEV1 and FVC [liters]): R2=0.207 and 0.364;P<0.0001), and between the categories of lower or higher FM/FFM with steps of medication treatment (Cramer's V=0.218;P=0.016) and level of PADL (Cramer's V=0.236;P=0.009). The highest FM/FFM was a determining factor of physical inactivity (OR: 3.21;95%CI:1.17-8.78) and highest steps of pharmacological treatment (OR: 8.89;95%CI:1.23-64.08). CONCLUSION Higher FM/FFM is significantly associated with worse clinical characteristics in individuals with asthma, such as higher doses of inhaled corticosteroids, worse lung function and fewer steps/day. Moreover, higher FM/FFM is a determining factor of physical inactivity and the highest steps of pharmacological treatment for asthma.
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Key Words
- ACQ, Asthma Control Questionnaire
- AQLQ, Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire
- Asthma
- BMI, Body mass index
- Body composition
- Drug therapy
- FEV(1), Forced expiratory volume in the first second
- FEV(1)/FVC, Forced expiratory volume in the first second to forced vital capacity ratio
- FFM, Fat-free mass
- FM, Fat mass
- FM/FFM, Fat mass to fat-free mass ratio
- FVC, Forced vital capacity
- GINA, Global Initiative for Asthma
- HADS, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale
- Motor activity
- PADL, Physical Activity in Daily Life
- Respiratory function tests
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Affiliation(s)
- Diery Fernandes Rugila
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Pitágoras-Unopar University (UNOPAR), Londrina, Paraná, Brazil; Department of Physical Therapy, Laboratory of Research in Respiratory Physiotherapy (LFIP), State University of Londrina (UEL), Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Joice Mara Oliveira
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Pitágoras-Unopar University (UNOPAR), Londrina, Paraná, Brazil; Department of Physical Therapy, Laboratory of Research in Respiratory Physiotherapy (LFIP), State University of Londrina (UEL), Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Felipe Vilaça Cavallari Machado
- Department of Physical Therapy, Laboratory of Research in Respiratory Physiotherapy (LFIP), State University of Londrina (UEL), Londrina, Paraná, Brazil; Department of Research and Development, CIRO+, Horn, The Netherlands; NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC+), Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Natielly Soares Correia
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Pitágoras-Unopar University (UNOPAR), Londrina, Paraná, Brazil; Department of Physical Therapy, Laboratory of Research in Respiratory Physiotherapy (LFIP), State University of Londrina (UEL), Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Vitória Cavalheiro Puzzi
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Pitágoras-Unopar University (UNOPAR), Londrina, Paraná, Brazil; Department of Physical Therapy, Laboratory of Research in Respiratory Physiotherapy (LFIP), State University of Londrina (UEL), Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | - Patrícia Duarte Freitas
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fabio Pitta
- Department of Physical Therapy, Laboratory of Research in Respiratory Physiotherapy (LFIP), State University of Londrina (UEL), Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | - Karina Couto Furlanetto
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Pitágoras-Unopar University (UNOPAR), Londrina, Paraná, Brazil; Department of Physical Therapy, Laboratory of Research in Respiratory Physiotherapy (LFIP), State University of Londrina (UEL), Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.
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35
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Takahashi F, Hashimoto Y, Kaji A, Sakai R, Kawate Y, Okamura T, Okada H, Kitagawa N, Nakanishi N, Majima S, Osaka T, Senmaru T, Ushigome E, Asano M, Hamaguchi M, Yamazaki M, Fukui M. Dietary Fiber Intake Is Related to Skeletal Muscle Mass, Body Fat Mass, and Muscle-to-Fat Ratio Among People With Type 2 Diabetes: A Cross-Sectional Study. Front Nutr 2022; 9:881877. [PMID: 35711555 PMCID: PMC9194895 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.881877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To investigate the relationship between dietary fiber intake and skeletal muscle mass, body fat mass, and muscle-to-fat ratio (MFR) among men and women with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Methods This cross-sectional study involved 260 men and 200 women with T2D. Percent skeletal muscle mass (%) or percent body fat mass (%) was calculated as (appendicular muscle mass [kg] or body fat mass [kg]/body weight [kg]) × 100. MFR was calculated as appendicular muscle mass divided by body fat mass. Information about dietary fiber intake (g/day) was obtained from a brief-type self-administered diet history questionnaire. Results Dietary fiber intake was correlated with percent body fat mass (r = -0.163, p = 0.021), percent skeletal muscle mass (r = 0.176, p = 0.013), and MFR (r = 0.157, p = 0.026) in women. However, dietary fiber intake was not correlated with percent body fat mass (r = -0.100, p = 0.108), percent skeletal muscle mass (r = 0.055, p = 0.376), and MFR (r = 0.065, p = 0.295) in men. After adjusting for covariates, dietary fiber intake was correlated with percent body fat mass (β = 0.229, p = 0.009), percent skeletal muscle mass (β = 0.364, p < 0.001), and MFR (β = 0.245, p = 0.006) in women. Further, dietary fiber intake was related to percent skeletal muscle mass (β = 0.221, p = 0.008) and tended to be correlated with percent body fat mass (β = 0.148, p = 0.071) in men. Conclusion Dietary fiber intake was correlated with skeletal muscle mass, body fat mass, and MFR among women with T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuyuko Takahashi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Hashimoto
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ayumi Kaji
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Sakai
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yuka Kawate
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takuro Okamura
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Okada
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Kitagawa
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Diabetology, Kameoka Municipal Hospital, Kameoka, Japan
| | - Naoko Nakanishi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Saori Majima
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takafumi Osaka
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takafumi Senmaru
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Emi Ushigome
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Mai Asano
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masahide Hamaguchi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masahiro Yamazaki
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Michiaki Fukui
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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36
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Lim JY, Wee BS, Mohamad M, Mhd Jalil AM, Shahril MR, Lua PL. Fat-to-lean mass ratio as a new anthropometric indicator in predicting metabolic syndrome among Malay adolescents in Terengganu, Malaysia. PROCEEDINGS OF SINGAPORE HEALTHCARE 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/20101058221106283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is defined as a cluster of risk factors for predicting type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease. Objectives This cross-sectional study aimed to develop a cut-off value for fat versus lean mass ratio (FLMR) in predicting MetS and to investigate the association between this indicator with MetS and its components. Methods Subjects comprised 238 Malay adolescents (79% female) aged 18–19 years old. Anthropometric assessment comprised weight, height and waist circumference (WC). Body composition was measured using bioelectrical impedance analysis techniques while blood pressure was measured using a blood pressure monitor. Fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol , triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were determined from an overnight fasting blood sample. MetS was determined based on International Diabetes Federation (2007) definition for adolescents aged 16-year-old and above. Results The prevalence of MetS was 2.1%. Receiver Operating Characteristics curve analysis revealed that the optimal cut-off value for FLMR was 0.441 with an Area Under the Curve of 0.874 (95% CI: 0.825, 0.913); with sensitivity of 80.0% and specificity of 71.0%. FLMR cut-off of 0.441 was associated with high WC ( p < .001), low HDL-c ( p < .001) and MetS ( p < .05). Binary Logistic Regression analysis revealed that adolescents with high WC, low HDL-c and MetS had higher odds of developing increased FLMR than the cut-off value with an odds ratio (OR) of 43.4 (95% CI: 9.7,193.9), 4.7 (95% CI: 2.3,9.8) and 13.3 (95% CI: 1.5,121.2), respectively. Conclusion FLMR possesses fair discriminatory ability in identifying MetS among adolescents and significant association exists between FLMR and MetS and some of its components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ying Lim
- School of Nutrition & Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia
- Dietetics Program & Centre of Healthy Aging & Wellness (H-Care), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Bee Suan Wee
- School of Nutrition & Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Marhazlina Mohamad
- School of Nutrition & Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Abbe Maleyki Mhd Jalil
- School of Nutrition & Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Razif Shahril
- Nutritional Sciences Program & Centre of Healthy Aging & Wellness (H-Care), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Pei Lin Lua
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Besut, Malaysia
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Yu PC, Hsu CC, Lee WJ, Liang CK, Chou MY, Lin MH, Hsiao FY, Peng LN, Chen LK. Muscle-to-fat ratio identifies functional impairments and cardiometabolic risk and predicts outcomes: biomarkers of sarcopenic obesity. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2022; 13:368-376. [PMID: 34866342 PMCID: PMC8818605 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sarcopenic obesity aims to capture the risk of functional decline and cardiometabolic diseases, but its operational definition and associated clinical outcomes remain unclear. Using data from the Longitudinal Aging Study of Taipei, this study explored the roles of the muscle-to-fat ratio (MFR) with different definitions and its associations with clinical characteristics, functional performance, cardiometabolic risk and outcomes. METHODS (1) Appendicular muscle mass divided by total body fat mass (aMFR), (2) total body muscle mass divided by total body fat mass (tMFR) and (3) relative appendicular skeletal muscle mass (RASM) were measured. Each measurement was categorized by the sex-specific lowest quintiles for all study participants. Clinical outcomes included all-cause mortality and fracture. RESULTS Data from 1060 community-dwelling older adults (mean age: 71.0 ± 4.8 years) were retrieved for the study. Overall, 196 (34.2% male participants) participants had low RASM, but none was sarcopenic. Compared with those with high aMFR, participants with low aMFR were older (72 ± 5.6 vs. 70.7 ± 4.6 years, P = 0.005); used more medications (2.9 ± 3.3 vs. 2.1 ± 2.5, P = 0.002); had a higher body fat percentage (38 ± 4.8% vs. 28 ± 6.4%, P < 0.001), RASM (6.7 ± 1.0 vs. 6.5 ± 1.1 kg/m2 , P = 0.001), and cardiometabolic risk [fasting glucose: 105 ± 27.5 vs. 96.8 ± 18.7 mg/dL, P < 0.001; glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c): 6.0 ± 0.8 vs. 5.8 ± 0.6%, P < 0.001; triglyceride: 122.5 ± 56.9 vs. 108.6 ± 67.5 mg/dL, P < 0.001; high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C): 56.2 ± 14.6 vs. 59.8 ± 16 mg/dL, P = 0.010]; and had worse functional performance [Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA): 25.7 ± 4.2 vs. 26.4 ± 3.0, P = 0.143, handgrip strength: 24.7 ± 6.7 vs. 26.1 ± 7.9 kg, P = 0.047; gait speed: 1.8 ± 0.6 vs. 1.9 ± 0.6 m/s, P < 0.001]. Multivariate linear regression showed that age (β = 0.093, P = 0.001), body mass index (β = 0.151, P = 0.046), total percentage of body fat (β = 0.579, P < 0001) and RASM (β = 0.181, P = 0.016) were associated with low aMFR. Compared with those with high tMFR, participants with low tMFR were older (71.7 ± 5.5 vs. 70.8 ± 4.7 years, P = 0.075); used more medications (2.8 ± 3.3 vs. 2.1 ± 2.5, P = 0.006); had a higher body fat percentage (38.1 ± 4.7 vs. 28 ± 6.3%, P < 0.001), RASM (6.8 ± 1.0 vs. 6.5 ± 1.1 kg/m2 , P < 0.001), and cardiometabolic risk (fasting glucose: 104.8 ± 27.6 vs. 96.9 ± 18.7 mg/dL, P < 0.001; HbA1c: 6.1 ± 0.9 vs. 5.8 ± 0.6%, P < 0.001; triglyceride: 121.4 ± 55.5 vs. 108.8 ± 67.8 mg/dL, P < 0.001; HDL-C: 56.4 ± 14.9 vs. 59.7 ± 15.9 mg/dL, P = 0.021); and had worse functional performance (MoCA: 25.6 ± 4.2 vs. 26.5 ± 3.0, P = 0.056; handgrip strength: 24.6 ± 6.7 vs. 26.2 ± 7.9 kg, P = 0.017; gait speed: 1.8 ± 0.6 vs. 1.9 ± 0.6 m/s, P < 0.001). Low tMFR was associated with body fat percentage (β = 0.766, P < 0.001), RASM (β = 0.476, P < 0.001) and Mini-Nutritional Assessment (β = -0.119, P < 0.001). Gait speed, MoCA score, fasting glucose, HbA1c and tMFR were significantly associated with adverse outcomes, and the effects of aMFR were marginal (P = 0.074). CONCLUSIONS Older adults identified with low MFR had unfavourable body composition, poor functional performance, high cardiometabolic risk and a high risk for the clinical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Chin Yu
- Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Aging and Health Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Neuroscience, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chia Hsu
- Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Aging and Health Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Hospital and Health Care Administration, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ju Lee
- Aging and Health Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Geriatric Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Family Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital Yuanshan Branch, Yi-Lan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Kuang Liang
- Aging and Health Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Geriatric Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Yueh Chou
- Aging and Health Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Geriatric Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hsien Lin
- Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Geriatric Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fei-Yuan Hsiao
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Pharmacy, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Pharmacy, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Ning Peng
- Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Aging and Health Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Geriatric Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Liang-Kung Chen
- Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Aging and Health Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Geriatric Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,Taipei Municipal Gan-Dau Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Gao L, Cheng H, Yan Y, Liu J, Shan X, Wang X, Mi J. The associations of muscle mass with glucose and lipid metabolism are influenced by body fat accumulation in children and adolescents. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:976998. [PMID: 36187103 PMCID: PMC9520779 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.976998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the prevalence of hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia among different body composition and investigate the associations of body composition indicators, especially the muscle mass, with glucose and lipids metabolism in children and adolescents. METHODS This nationwide cross-sectional study included 8,905 children and adolescents aged 6 to 18 years. All participants underwent dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry and their blood-concentrated glucose and lipids (including TC, TG, LDL-C and HDL-c) were measured. Mixed model, hierarchical analysis, and piecewise regression were used to study the effect of body composition indicators, especially the muscle mass, on glucose and lipids metabolism. RESULTS The greatest prevalence of high total cholesterol (TC, 6.9% and 6.9%) and high triglyceride (22.3% and 6.6%) was found in both boys and girls with high muscle mass and high fat mass, and girls with high muscle mass and high fat mass also had the highest prevalence of hyperglycemia (7.1%). After fat stratification, higher muscle mass was associated with lower odds of hyperglycemia (OR = 0.62; 95%CI: 0.46,0.84; P = 0.002) and muscle mass was inversely associated with TC (β = -0.07; 95%CI: -0.12,-0.03; P < 0.001) in boys with normal fat mass, but high muscle mass was not significantly associated with hyperglycemia and TC in high-fat-mass group (P = 0.368 and 0.372). CONCLUSIONS The body composition phenotype of high muscle and high fat mass have the highest prevalence of dysglycemia and dyslipidemia. Higher muscle mass was associated with a lower risk of hyperglycemia and TC levels in individuals only with normal fat mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwang Gao
- Center for Non-communicable Disease Management, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children’s Health, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Cheng
- Department of Epidemiology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Yinkun Yan
- Center for Non-communicable Disease Management, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children’s Health, Beijing, China
| | - Junting Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Xinying Shan
- Department of Epidemiology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Xi Wang
- Center for Non-communicable Disease Management, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children’s Health, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Mi
- Center for Non-communicable Disease Management, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children’s Health, Beijing, China
- Department of Epidemiology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Jie Mi,
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Wang N, Sun Y, Zhang H, Chen C, Wang Y, Zhang J, Xia F, Benedict C, Tan X, Lu Y. Total and regional fat-to-muscle mass ratio measured by bioelectrical impedance and risk of incident type 2 diabetes. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2021; 12:2154-2162. [PMID: 34595832 PMCID: PMC8718017 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The fat-to-muscle mass ratio (FMR) might be an indicator to assess type 2 diabetes risk independent of general obesity. However, no longitudinal studies have explored the extent to which total and regional FMRs may confer risks. We aimed to measure the sex-specific associations between FMRs of the arm, leg, trunk and whole body and incident type 2 diabetes. METHODS A total of 464 817 participants (207 286 men and 257 531 women, mean age 56.5 ± 8.2 and 56.2 ± 8.0 years old, respectively) free of diabetes at baseline were included in this prospective cohort study with UK Biobank data. Fat mass and muscle mass were estimated using a bioelectrical impedance assessment device (Tanita BC 418MA). FMR was calculated as fat mass divided by muscle mass in corresponding body parts (total body, arm, leg and trunk). Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate the aforementioned associations among men and women. Interaction analyses were performed between FMRs and body mass index (BMI) categories (BMI < 25 kg/m2 and BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 ). RESULTS Over the median 11.0 years (5 057 534 person-years) of follow-up, we documented 11 618 cases of type 2 diabetes. There was a significantly positive association between total and regional FMR and incident type 2 diabetes, even after adjusting for BMI and other covariates. Compared with other body parts, FMRs of the whole body and leg showed the strongest relationship among men and women, respectively (hazard ratio per 1 SD, 95% confidence interval: 1.67, 1.55-1.80; 1.45, 1.39-1.53). A significant interaction (P for interaction < 0.001) between BMI category and FMRs of different body parts was observed. In the stratified analysis by BMI category and tertiles of FMRs, overweight/obese individuals with a high FMR tertile tended to have the highest hazard ratio, ranging from 5.91 to 7.94 in whole body and regional areas. CONCLUSIONS In this large prospective study, higher total and regional FMRs were associated with a higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes, independent of BMI. This association was markedly strengthened in participants with BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningjian Wang
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Sun
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Haojie Zhang
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chi Chen
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuying Wang
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jihui Zhang
- Guangdong Mental Health Center, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fangzhen Xia
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Xiao Tan
- Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Solna, Sweden
| | - Yingli Lu
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Liu D, Zhong J, Ruan Y, Zhang Z, Sun J, Chen H. The association between fat-to-muscle ratio and metabolic disorders in type 2 diabetes. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2021; 13:129. [PMID: 34758864 PMCID: PMC8579541 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-021-00748-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Altered body composition is known to be related to abnormal metabolism. The aim of this study was to determine the association between the fat-to-muscle ratio (FMR) and metabolic disorders in type 2 diabetes (T2DM) population. METHOD In total, 361 T2DM participants aged ≥ 18 years were included in our research. A bioelectrical impedance analyzer was applied to measure fat mass and muscle mass. FMR was calculated as body fat mass (kg) divided by muscle mass (kg). The performance of FMR to assess metabolic disorders in T2DM was conducted using ROC curves. The independent association between FMR and metabolic syndrome (MS) was tested by logistic regression analysis. RESULTS The FMR was significantly higher in patients with MS than in those without MS (p < 0.001). The optimal FMR cutoff point for identifying MS was higher in females than in males (0.465 vs. 0.296, respectively). In addition, the areas under the ROC curve (AUCs) for the evaluation of MS by FMR, fat mass, muscle mass, BMI and waist circumference were further compared, indicating that the AUC of FMR (0.843) was the largest among the five variables in females, but the AUC of waist circumference (0.837) was still the largest among other variables in males. Based on the derived FMR cutoff point, patients with a high FMR exhibited more cardiometabolic risk indicators (all p < 0.05). Using a low FMR as a reference, the relative risk of a high FMR for MS was 2.861 (95% CI 1.111-7.368, p = 0.029) in males and 9.518 (95% CI 2.615-34.638, p = 0.001) in females following adjustment for confounding factors. CONCLUSIONS The fat-to-muscle ratio is independently and positively associated with metabolic disorders in T2DM. FMR may serve as an optimal method for screening T2DM patients coupled with a high risk of abnormal metabolism, especially in females, providing a new perspective for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular complications in Chinese type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dixing Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 253 industrial avenue, Guangzhou, 510282, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiana Zhong
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 253 industrial avenue, Guangzhou, 510282, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuting Ruan
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 253 industrial avenue, Guangzhou, 510282, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 253 industrial avenue, Guangzhou, 510282, Guangdong, China
| | - Jia Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 253 industrial avenue, Guangzhou, 510282, Guangdong, China.
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 253 industrial avenue, Guangzhou, 510282, Guangdong, China.
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He Q, Xia B, Liu A, Li M, Zhou Z, Cheung EC, Kuo ZC, Wang B, Li F, Tang Y, Zheng Z, Sun R, Hu YJ, Meng W, He Y, Yuan J, Zhang C. Association of body composition with risk of overall and site-specific cancers: A population-based prospective cohort study. Int J Cancer 2021; 149:1435-1447. [PMID: 34019699 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Although excess adiposity has been linked with various cancers, association between body composition and some cancers remains unclear, like lung and prostate cancers. We investigated associations of body composition with risk of overall cancer and major site-specific cancers in a prospective cohort of 454 079 cancer-free participants from UK-Biobank. Body composition was measured with bioimpedance analysis. We evaluated hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) with multivariate Cox linear and nonlinear models in men and women separately. We identified 27 794 cancers over 7.6 years of follow-up. Multivariable adjusted models including fat-free mass (FFM) and fat mass (FM) showed that FFM was positively associated with overall cancer risk in men and women (HR 1.03, 95% CI 1.01-1.04 and 1.07, 1.04-1.10, respectively); while the association between FM and overall cancer disappeared after adjusting for FFM. FFM was associated with higher risks of obesity-related cancers combined, stomach (women only), malignant melanoma, postmenopausal breast, corpus uteri, prostate, kidney (men only), and blood cancers and lower risk of lung cancer. FM was associated with higher risks of obesity-related cancers combined, esophageal, colon, lung (men only), postmenopausal breast (at the lower end of FM range), and corpus uteri cancers and lower risks of rectal, malignant melanoma (women only), prostate and blood cancers. FFM and FM seemed to have different effects on cancer risk, and the effects varied substantially by cancer type, in both direction and size. Higher FM/FFM ratio was also associated with some cancers risk, and might be a useful predictor of cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiangsheng He
- Clinical Research Center, Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Big Data Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Bin Xia
- Clinical Research Center, Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Big Data Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Anran Liu
- Department of Nutriology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Medicine, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Zhijun Zhou
- Department of Medicine, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Eddie C Cheung
- Center for Digestive Disease, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Division of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Zi Chong Kuo
- Center for Digestive Disease, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Oncology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Fangping Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yan Tang
- Clinical Research Center, Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Big Data Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Zilong Zheng
- Mega Data Application Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Rui Sun
- Big Data Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Division of Biostatistics, JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong
| | - Yanhong Jessika Hu
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Wenbo Meng
- Special Minimally Invasive Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yulong He
- Center for Digestive Disease, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jinqiu Yuan
- Clinical Research Center, Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Big Data Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Changhua Zhang
- Center for Digestive Disease, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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Insufficient Physical Fitness and Deficits in Basic Eating Habits in Normal-Weight Obese Children Are Apparent from Pre-School Age or Sooner. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13103464. [PMID: 34684465 PMCID: PMC8538680 DOI: 10.3390/nu13103464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Normal-weight obesity appears to be an extended diagnosis/syndrome associated with insufficient physical fitness levels and inadequate eating habits at least from school years. However, its relation to long term health parameters in pre-school children remains unknown, even though pre-school age is crucial for the determining healthy lifelong habits. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to investigate the differences in physical fitness level and basic eating habits between normal-weight obese, normal-weight non-obese, and overweight and obese preschoolers. The research sample consisted of 188 preschoolers aged 4.0–6.9 years (Mage = 5.52 ± 0.8 year), normal-weight obese = 25; normal-weight non-obese = 143, overweight and obese = 20. Body composition was measured using bio-impedance InBody230. Six tests assessed the physical fitness level: sit-ups; standing long jump; shuttle running 4 × 5 meters; throwing with a tennis ball; multistage fitness tests; sit and reach. A four-item eating habits questionnaire for parents focusing on breakfast regularity, consumption of sweet foods and drinks, selection of food and attitude towards eating was used. A non-parametric analysis of variance and Fisher’s exact test along with suitable effect sizes were used for data processing of physical fitness tests and the basic eating habits questionnaire, respectively. Normal-weight obese children performed significantly worse (from p = 0.03 to p < 0.001, ES ω2-G = low to medium) in muscular fitness, cardiorespiratory fitness and running agility compared to normal-weight non-obese counterparts and did not significantly differ in the majority of physical fitness performance tests from overweight and obese peers. In basic eating habits, normal-weight obese boys preferred significantly more sweet foods and drinks (p = 0.003 ES = 0.35, large), while normal-weight obese girls had significantly more negative attitude towards eating (p = 0.002 ES = 0.33, large) in comparison to their normal-weight non-obese peers. Normal-weight obesity seems to develop from early childhood and is associated with low physical fitness and deficits in eating habits which might inhibit the natural necessity for physically active life from pre-school age or sooner.
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Kim J, Shin SJ, Kim YS, Kang HT. Positive association between the ratio of triglycerides to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and diabetes incidence in Korean adults. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2021; 20:183. [PMID: 34503545 PMCID: PMC8431895 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-021-01377-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insulin resistance is associated with the incidence of diabetes and cardiovascular diseases such as myocardial infarction. The ratio of triglycerides (TG) to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (TG/HDL-C ratio) is positively correlated with insulin resistance. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the TG/HDL-C ratio and the incidence of diabetes in Korean adults. METHODS This retrospective study used data from the National Health Insurance Service-National Health Screening Cohort. The TG/HDL-C ratio was divided into three tertiles, the T1, T2, and T3 groups, based on sex. We estimated the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for diabetes using multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analyses. RESULTS A total of 80,693 subjects aged between 40 and 79 years were enrolled. The median follow-up period was 5.9 years. The estimated cumulative incidence of diabetes in the T1, T2, and T3 groups was 5.94%, 8.23%, and 13.50%, respectively, in men and 4.12%, 4.72%, and 6.85%, respectively, in women. Compared to T1, the fully adjusted HRs (95% CIs) of the T2 and T3 groups for new-onset diabetes were 1.17 (1.06-1.30) and 1.47 (1.34-1.62), respectively, in men and 1.20 (1.02-1.42) and 1.52 (1.30-1.78), respectively, in women. CONCLUSIONS Increased TG/HDL-C ratio was significantly associated with a higher risk of new-onset diabetes in both sexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joungyoun Kim
- College of Nursing, Mo-Im Kim Nursing Research Institute, Yonsei University, 50-1, Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Jun Shin
- Department of Information and Statistics, Chungbuk National University, 1 Chungdae-ro, Seowon-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Ye-Seul Kim
- Department of Family Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, 776 1-Soonwhan-ro, Seowon-gu, Cheongju, 28644, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hee-Taik Kang
- Department of Family Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, 776 1-Soonwhan-ro, Seowon-gu, Cheongju, 28644, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Family Medicine, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, 1 Chungdae-ro, Seowon-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28644, Republic of Korea.
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Relationship between arm-to-leg and limbs-to-trunk body composition ratio and cardiovascular disease risk factors. Sci Rep 2021; 11:17414. [PMID: 34465815 PMCID: PMC8408188 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-96874-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to analyze the relationship of the distribution of body fat mass (FM) and fat-free mass (FFM) in the limbs and trunk with the prevalence of cardiovascular disease risk factors (CVD-RF). In total, 13,032 adults were selected from the KNHANES (2008–2011). The prevalence of hypertension, diabetes mellitus (DM), dyslipidemia, and metabolic syndrome (MetS) according to the arm-to-leg ratio and limbs-to-trunk ratio for FM and FFM was compared, respectively. The higher the arm-to-leg FM ratio, the higher the prevalence of CVD-RF (DM-male-OR 7.04, 95% CI 4.22–11.74; DM-female-OR 10.57, 95% CI 5.80–19.26; MetS-male-OR 4.47, 95% CI 3.41- 5.86; MetS-female-OR 8.73, 95% CI 6.38–11.95). The higher the limbs-to-trunk FM ratio (DM-male-OR 0.12, 95% CI 0.07–0.21; DM-female-OR 0.12, 95% CI 0.06–0.23; MetS-male-OR 0.06, 95% CI 0.04–0.08; MetS-female-OR 0.02, 95% CI 0.01–0.04), the higher the limbs-to-trunk FFM ratio (DM-male-OR 0.19, 95% CI 0.11–0.31; DM-female-OR 0.46, 95% CI 0.30–0.70; MetS-male-OR 0.39, 95% CI 0.31–0.50; MetS-female-OR 0.62, 95% CI 0.50–0.78), and the higher the arm-to-leg FFM ratio (MetS-male-OR 0.75, 95% CI 0.59–0.94; MetS-female-OR 0.73, 95% CI 0.58–0.92), the lower the prevalence of CVD-RF. The higher the FM of the legs compared to the arms, FFM of the arms compared to the legs, and FM or FFM of the limbs compared to the trunk, the lower the prevalence of CVD-RF.
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Fat-to-Muscle Ratios and the Non-Achievement of LDL Cholesterol Targets: Analysis of the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2021; 8:jcdd8080096. [PMID: 34436238 PMCID: PMC8396939 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd8080096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Maintaining optimal low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels is necessary to prevent cardiovascular disease (CVD). Excessive fat mass and decreased muscle mass are both associated with increased risks of developing dyslipidemia. Thus, we investigated the longitudinal relationship between the fat-to-muscle ratio (FMR) and the non-achievement of LDL cholesterol targets. We analyzed a total of 4386 participants aged 40–69 years from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study. FMR was defined as the ratio of total fat mass to total muscle mass, measured by bioelectrical impedance. The non-achievement of an LDL cholesterol target was defined as an LDL cholesterol level higher than the established target level according to individual CVD risk. The adjusted hazard ratios and 95% confidence interval for the incidence of non-achievement of LDL cholesterol targets for the sex-specific middle and highest tertiles vs. the referent lowest tertile of FMR were 1.56 (1.29–1.90) and 1.86 (1.47–2.31) in men and 1.40 (1.18–1.66) and 1.31 (1.06–1.62) in women after adjusting confounders. Our findings suggest that FMR, a novel indicator of the combined effects of fat and muscle mass, is useful for predicting non-achievement of LDL cholesterol targets.
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Kurinami N, Sugiyama S, Yoshida A, Hieshima K, Miyamoto F, Kajiwara K, Jinnouch K, Jinnouchi T, Nomura M, Jinnouchi H. Body Muscle-to-Fat Ratio, Rather Than Fat-to-Muscle Ratio, Significantly Correlates With Measured Insulin Resistance in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. J Clin Med Res 2021; 13:387-391. [PMID: 34394781 PMCID: PMC8336940 DOI: 10.14740/jocmr4401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Insulin resistance (IR) assessment is important in treating type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We thus compared body muscle-to-fat ratio (BMFR) and fat-to-muscle ratio (FMR) values against M/I values as clinical index of IR. Methods Subject included 118 untreated T2DM patients. Hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp examination was performed to calculate the M/I as index of IR. Body composition was measured by impedance analysis using InBody770. Results Simple linear regression analyses confirmed correlations between M/I and BMFR (B: 0.756 (P < 0.01), coefficients of determination (R2): 0.572, mean absolute error (MAE): 3.19, and root mean squared error (RMSE): 4.14), and between M/I and FMR (B: -0.601 (P < 0.01), R2: 0.362, MAE: 3.97, and RMSE: 5.05). Against the M/I values, BMFR also showed better goodness-of-fit than did FMR. In comparing correlation coefficients, the BMFR absolute B value was significantly larger than that of FMR (P = 0.027). Conclusions BMFR is more useful than FMR in quantifying IR in patients with T2DM because the correlation between BMFR and the insulin sensitivity index M/I is significantly greater than that between FMR and M/I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noboru Kurinami
- Diabetes Care Center, Jinnouchi Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan.,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan.,Noboru Kurinami and Seigo Sugiyama contributed equally to the present study
| | - Seigo Sugiyama
- Diabetes Care Center, Jinnouchi Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan.,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Diabetes Care Center, Jinnouchi Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan.,Noboru Kurinami and Seigo Sugiyama contributed equally to the present study
| | - Akira Yoshida
- Diabetes Care Center, Jinnouchi Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Kunio Hieshima
- Diabetes Care Center, Jinnouchi Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Fumio Miyamoto
- Diabetes Care Center, Jinnouchi Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Keizo Kajiwara
- Diabetes Care Center, Jinnouchi Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan
| | | | | | - Masatoshi Nomura
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Hideaki Jinnouchi
- Diabetes Care Center, Jinnouchi Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan.,Division of Preventive Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kumamoto University Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan
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Zhang JX, Li J, Chen C, Yin T, Wang QA, Li XX, Wang FX, Zhao JH, Zhao Y, Zhang YH. Reference values of skeletal muscle mass, fat mass and fat-to-muscle ratio for rural middle age and older adults in western China. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2021; 95:104389. [PMID: 33713879 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2021.104389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Skeletal muscle mass (SMM), fat mass (FM) and fat-to-muscle ratio (FMR) are significant indicators in epidemiology studies and clinical settings. The aim of this study was to establish age-related and sex-specific reference values for skeletal muscle mass index (SMMI), fat mass index (FMI) and FMR by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) for healthy rural adults in western China. METHODS This study is a cross-sectional study from Ningxia cohort study, included 13,790 individuals aged 35 to 74 years. Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) was performed to measure body composition. Lambda-mu-sigma method was used to establish age-related and sex-specific percentile curves for SMMI, FMI and FMR. RESULTS Overall, men had higher SMMI, but lower FMI and FMR than women for all ages. The SMMI decreased rapidly with age for men and women after 55 years and 45 years, respectively. FMI in men remain stable until 70 years; women's FMI showed a rapidly increasing after 50 years. The FMR increased consistently after 35 years for both men and women. These age-related and sex-specific reference values were established with the mean ± SD as the normal reference range. CONCLUSIONS These reference values could be used as simple tools to identify age-specific low SMMI or high FMI and facilitate earlier identification sarcopenia or sarcopenic obesity in rural Chinese adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Xing Zhang
- School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Juan Li
- School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Chen Chen
- School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Ting Yin
- School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Qing-An Wang
- School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Xiao-Xia Li
- School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Fa-Xuan Wang
- School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Jian-Hua Zhao
- The Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Yi Zhao
- School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China.
| | - Yu-Hong Zhang
- School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China.
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Dai H, Xiang J, Hou Y, Xuan L, Wang T, Li M, Zhao Z, Xu Y, Lu J, Chen Y, Wang W, Ning G, Bi Y, Xu M. Fat mass to fat-free mass ratio and the risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and fibrosis in non-obese and obese individuals. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2021; 18:21. [PMID: 33608033 PMCID: PMC7893940 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-021-00551-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Context Body composition may explain partially why non-obese individuals still at the risk of developing non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The ratio of fat mass to fat-free mass (FM/FFM) has been proposed to assess the combined effect of different body compositions. Objective We aimed to investigate the associations of FM/FFM ratio with the risk of developing NAFLD and fibrosis and to identify the potential mediators according to obesity status. Methods This cohort study comprised 3419 adults age ≥ 40 years and free of NAFLD at baseline. Body composition was measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis. NAFLD was ascertained by ultrasonography and fibrosis was assessed by non-invasive score systems. Results For each 1 standard deviation increment in FM/FFM ratio, the odds ratio for the risk of NAFLD was 1.55 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.23–1.95) in non-obese men, 1.33 (95% CI 1.08–1.65) in obese men, 1.42 (95% CI 1.44–1.67) in non-obese women, and 1.29 (95% CI 1.12–1.50) in obese women. Similar associations were also found between FM/FFM ratio and NAFLD with fibrosis. Mediation analysis showed that insulin resistance, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, white blood cells, and total cholesterol mediated the association of FM/FFM ratio with NAFLD risk in specific sex and obesity subgroups. Conclusions The FM/FFM ratio significantly associated with the NAFLD and fibrosis risk in both non-obese and obese individuals. Different factors may mediate the association between body composition and NAFLD risk according to different obesity status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huajie Dai
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, China.,Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiali Xiang
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, China.,Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanan Hou
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, China.,Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Liping Xuan
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, China.,Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tiange Wang
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, China.,Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mian Li
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, China.,Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiyun Zhao
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, China.,Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Xu
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, China.,Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jieli Lu
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, China.,Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuhong Chen
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, China.,Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiqing Wang
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, China.,Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guang Ning
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, China.,Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yufang Bi
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, China.,Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Xu
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, China. .,Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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49
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Yin T, Zhang JX, Wang FX, Zhao JH, Zhao Y, Liu L, Liu XY, Zhang YH, Zhao Y. The Association Between Sarcopenic Obesity and Hypertension, Diabetes, and Abnormal Lipid Metabolism in Chinese Adults. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2021; 14:1963-1973. [PMID: 33958885 PMCID: PMC8096416 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s308387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Sarcopenic obesity is associated with several negative health outcomes. However, there are only a few studies on the relationship between SO and metabolic diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, and abnormal lipid metabolism in Chinese adults. The aim of this work was to evaluate the association between SO and hypertension, diabetes, and abnormal lipid metabolism in Chinese adults, and explore the prediction of SO using relevant anthropometric indicators. MATERIALS AND METHODS All participants underwent a questionnaire interview for the collection of demographic data. Thereafter, they underwent physical examination for the measurement of anthropometric variables, which was performed using bioelectrical impedance analysis. Biochemical measurements were determined according to standard laboratory procedures used for the evaluation of blood parameters. RESULTS We included 14,926 patients aged 35-74 years old. The mean age of the participants was 56.75 ± 9.76 years old, and 39.80% of them were male. The mean body mass index (BMI) was 24.94 ± 3.40 kg/m2, and the overall prevalence of SO was 65.1%. The results showed that shorter people; people with faster heart rate; heavier weight; lower waist circumference (WC), BMI, triglyceride level, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels; and higher high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level are at risk for SO. CONCLUSION The prevalence of SO is high (65.1%) in Chinese adults aged 35-74 years old. The occurrence of SO is related to hypertension, diabetes, and abnormal lipid metabolism. BMI, WC, and waist-hip ratio may be predictive indicators of SO. The incidence of SO may be reduced by timely intervention and health education for persons at risk of the condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Yin
- School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jia-Xing Zhang
- School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fa-Xuan Wang
- School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian-Hua Zhao
- Ningxia Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Yinchuan, Ningxia, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu Zhao
- School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lan Liu
- School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiu-Ying Liu
- School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu-Hong Zhang
- School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Yu-Hong Zhang; Yi Zhao Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, 1160, South Shengli Street, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86 0951-6980144Fax +86 0951-6980144 Email ;
| | - Yi Zhao
- School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, People’s Republic of China
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50
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Eun Y, Lee SN, Song SW, Kim HN, Kim SH, Lee YA, Kang SG, Rho JS, Yoo KD. Fat-to-muscle Ratio: A New Indicator for Coronary Artery Disease in Healthy Adults. Int J Med Sci 2021; 18:3738-3743. [PMID: 34790047 PMCID: PMC8579285 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.62871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is an important issue in public health. Previous studies have shown that the ratio of fat to muscle mass is a significant predictor of metabolic disease, and it is known to be associated with atherosclerosis. In this study, we evaluated the association between the fat-to-muscle ratio (FMR) and CAD in healthy adults. Methods: A total of 617 participants without diabetes mellitus, hypertension, known CAD, or stroke who visited the Health Promotion Center from 2009 to 2018 were included in this study. Computed tomography imaging and bioelectrical impedance analysis were used to ascertain the coronary artery calcium (CAC) score, degree of CAD, and FMR. Results: Univariate logistic regression analysis showed that old age, male sex, smoking history, creatinine, aspartate aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyl transferase, uric acid, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were significantly associated with CAC. After adjusting for potential confounding covariates, the presence of CAC was independently associated with FMR (OR, 1.014; 95% CI, 1.002-1.026; p = 0.019. The association was maintained even after adjusting for body mass index and waist circumference (odds ratio, 1.019; 95% confidence interval, 1.004 -1.034; P = 0.012). Conclusion: In this study, a high FMR was significantly associated with CAC. A large-scale prospective study on the association with FMR and cardiovascular diseases is necessary to confirm this relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngmi Eun
- Department of Family Medicine, Yeouido St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Nam Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Suwon-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Wook Song
- Department of Family Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Suwon-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha-Na Kim
- Department of Family Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Suwon-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Hong Kim
- Department of Family Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Suwon-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Ah Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Suwon-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Goo Kang
- Department of Family Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Suwon-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Seung Rho
- Department of Family Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Suwon-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Dong Yoo
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Suwon-si, Republic of Korea
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