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Huang Q, Liu JW, Dong HB, Wei ZJ, Liu JZ, Ren YT, Jiang X, Jiang B. Mesenteric adipose tissue B lymphocytes promote intestinal injury in severe acute pancreatitis by mediating enteric pyroptosis. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int 2024; 23:300-309. [PMID: 38057185 DOI: 10.1016/j.hbpd.2023.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) has been linked to the severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) prognosis, although the underlying mechanism remains unclear. It has been reported that pyroptosis worsens SAP. The present study aimed to verify whether mesenteric adipose tissue (MAT, a component of VAT) can cause secondary intestinal injury through the pyroptotic pathway. METHODS Thirty-six male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were divided into six different groups. Twelve rats were randomly divided into the SAP and control groups. We monitored the changes of MAT and B lymphocytes infiltration in MAT of SAP rats. Twelve SAP rats were injected with MAT B lymphocytes or phosphate buffer solution (PBS). The remaining twelve SAP rats were first injected with MAT B lymphocytes, and then with MCC950 (NLRP3 inhibitor) or PBS. We collected blood and tissue samples from pancreas, gut and MAT for analysis. RESULTS Compared to the control rats, the SAP group showed inflammation in MAT, including higher expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), lower expression of IL-10, and histological changes. Flow cytometry analysis revealed B lymphocytes infiltration in MAT but not T lymphocytes and macrophages. The SAP rats also exhibited intestinal injury, characterized by lower expression of zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) and occludin, higher levels of lipopolysaccharide and diamine oxidase, and pathological changes. The expression of NLRP3 and n-GSDMD, which are responsible for pyroptosis, was increased in the intestine of SAP rats. The injection of MAT B lymphocytes into SAP rats exacerbated the inflammation in MAT. The upregulation of pyroptosis reduced tight junction in the intestine, which contributed to the SAP progression, including higher inflammatory indicators and worse histological changes. The administration of MCC950 to SAP + MAT B rats downregulated pyroptosis, which subsequently improved the intestinal barrier and ameliorated inflammatory response of SAP. CONCLUSIONS In SAP, MAT B lymphocytes aggravated local inflammation, and promoted the injury to the intestine through the enteric pyroptotic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 102218, China
| | - Jia-Wen Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 102218, China
| | - Hai-Bin Dong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 102218, China
| | - Zheng-Jie Wei
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 102218, China
| | - Jin-Zhe Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 102218, China
| | - Yu-Tang Ren
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 102218, China
| | - Xuan Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 102218, China.
| | - Bo Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 102218, China
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Kado T, Nishimura A, Tobe K. History and future perspectives of adipose tissue macrophage biology. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1373182. [PMID: 38562458 PMCID: PMC10982364 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1373182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Macrophages contribute to adipose tissue homeostasis; however, they are also thought to be responsible for insulin resistance in obesity. Macrophages, which were oversimplified in past methodologies, have become rather difficult to understand comprehensively as recent developments in research methodology have revealed their diversity. This review highlights recent studies on adipose tissue macrophages, identifies controversial issues that need to be resolved and proposes a scenario for further development of adipose tissue macrophage biology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kazuyuki Tobe
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Science, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
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3
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Xu G, Zhao Z, Wysham WZ, Roque DR, Fang Z, Sun W, Yin Y, Deng B, Shen X, Zhou C, Bae-Jump V. Orlistat exerts anti-obesity and anti-tumorigenic effects in a transgenic mouse model of endometrial cancer. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1219923. [PMID: 37601677 PMCID: PMC10436609 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1219923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Among all cancers, endometrial cancer is most strongly associated with obesity, with more than 65% of endometrial cancers attributable to obesity and being overweight. Fatty acid synthase (FAS), a key lipogenic enzyme, is expressed in endometrial cancer tumors and is associated with a worse prognosis for this disease. Orlistat, an FAS inhibitor, is an FDA-approved weight loss medication that has demonstrated anti-tumor activity in a variety of preclinical cancer models. Methods In this study, the Lkb1fl/flp53fl/fl mouse model of endometroid endometrial cancer was exposed to three diet interventions, including a high fat diet (obese), a low fat diet (lean) and switch from a high fat to a low fat diet, and then exposed to orlistat or placebo. Results The mice fed a high-fat diet had significantly increased body weight and tumor weight compared to mice fed a low-fat diet. Switching from a high-fat diet to a low fat diet led to a reduction in mouse weight and suppressed tumor growth, as compared to both the high fat diet and low fat diet groups. Orlistat effectively decreased body weight in obese mice and inhibited tumor growth in obese, lean, and the high fat diet switch to low fat diet mouse groups through induction of apoptosis. Orlistat also showed anti-proliferative activity in nine of 11 primary cultures of human endometrial cancer. Discussion Our findings provide strong evidence that dietary intervention and orlistat have anti-tumor activity in vivo and supports further investigation of orlistat in combination with dietary interventions for the prevention and treatment of endometrial cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangxu Xu
- Department of Gynecology, Fengxian Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Ziyi Zhao
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Weiya Z. Wysham
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Legacy Medical Group, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Dario R. Roque
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Ziwei Fang
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenchuan Sun
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Yajie Yin
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Boer Deng
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaochang Shen
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chunxiao Zhou
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Victoria Bae-Jump
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
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Rashid M, Kondoh K, Palfalvi G, Nakajima KI, Minokoshi Y. Inhibition of high-fat diet-induced inflammatory responses in adipose tissue by SF1-expressing neurons of the ventromedial hypothalamus. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112627. [PMID: 37339627 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation and thermogenesis in white adipose tissue (WAT) at different sites influence the overall effects of obesity on metabolic health. In mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD), inflammatory responses are less pronounced in inguinal WAT (ingWAT) than in epididymal WAT (epiWAT). Here we show that ablation and activation of steroidogenic factor 1 (SF1)-expressing neurons in the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) oppositely affect the expression of inflammation-related genes and the formation of crown-like structures by infiltrating macrophages in ingWAT, but not in epiWAT, of HFD-fed mice, with these effects being mediated by sympathetic nerves innervating ingWAT. In contrast, SF1 neurons of the VMH preferentially regulated the expression of thermogenesis-related genes in interscapular brown adipose tissue (BAT) of HFD-fed mice. These results suggest that SF1 neurons of the VMH differentially regulate inflammatory responses and thermogenesis among various adipose tissue depots and restrain inflammation associated with diet-induced obesity specifically in ingWAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misbah Rashid
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Homeostatic Regulation, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan; Graduate Institute for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
| | - Kunio Kondoh
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Homeostatic Regulation, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan; Graduate Institute for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan.
| | - Gergo Palfalvi
- Division of Evolutionary Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichiro Nakajima
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Homeostatic Regulation, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan; Graduate Institute for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Minokoshi
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Homeostatic Regulation, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan; Graduate Institute for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan.
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5
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Huang Q, Liu J, Zhou Z, Zhang M, Ren Y, Jiang X, Jiang B. Inflammation of Mesenteric Adipose Tissue Correlates with Intestinal Injury and Disease Severity in Rats with Severe Acute Pancreatitis. Dig Dis Sci 2023; 68:2474-2481. [PMID: 36881197 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-023-07846-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) is related to SAP prognosis. As a depot of VAT, mesenteric adipose tissue (MAT) resides between pancreas and gut, which might affect SAP and the secondary intestinal injury. AIMS To investigate the changes of MAT in SAP. METHODS 24 SD rats were randomly divided into four groups. 18 rats in SAP group were euthanized in time gradients (6 h, 24 h, and 48 h after modeling) and the others in control group. Blood samples and tissues of pancreas, gut, and MAT were taken for analysis. RESULTS Compared to the control group, SAP rats appeared MAT inflammation, presenting higher mRNA expression of TNF-α and IL-6 and lower IL-10, and histological changes after 6 h of modeling, which became worse over time. Flow cytometry showed that B lymphocytes increased in MAT after 24 h of SAP modeling and lasted up to 48 h, earlier than the changes of T lymphocytes and macrophages. The intestinal barrier integrity was damaged after 6 h of modeling, presenting lower mRNA and protein expression of ZO-1 and occludin, higher serum levels of LPS and DAO, with pathological changes, which gradually aggravated after 24 h and 48 h. SAP rats had higher serum levels of inflammatory indicators and revealed histological inflammation of pancreas, the severity of which increased with the passage of modeling time. CONCLUSION MAT appeared inflammation in early-stage SAP, and became worse over time, with the same trend as the intestinal barrier injury and the severity of pancreatitis. B lymphocytes infiltrated early in MAT, which might promote the MAT inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 102218, China
| | - Jiawen Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 102218, China
| | - Zhiyong Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 102218, China
| | - Mingjun Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 102218, China
| | - Yutang Ren
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 102218, China
| | - Xuan Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 102218, China.
| | - Bo Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 102218, China
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Madsen S, Nelson ME, Deshpande V, Humphrey SJ, Cooke KC, Howell A, Diaz-Vegas A, Burchfield JG, Stöckli J, James DE. Deep Proteome Profiling of White Adipose Tissue Reveals Marked Conservation and Distinct Features Between Different Anatomical Depots. Mol Cell Proteomics 2023; 22:100508. [PMID: 36787876 PMCID: PMC10014311 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2023.100508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
White adipose tissue is deposited mainly as subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), often associated with metabolic protection, and abdominal/visceral adipose tissue, which contributes to metabolic disease. To investigate the molecular underpinnings of these differences, we conducted comprehensive proteomics profiling of whole tissue and isolated adipocytes from these two depots across two diets from C57Bl/6J mice. The adipocyte proteomes from lean mice were highly conserved between depots, with the major depot-specific differences encoded by just 3% of the proteome. Adipocytes from SAT (SAdi) were enriched in pathways related to mitochondrial complex I and beiging, whereas visceral adipocytes (VAdi) were enriched in structural proteins and positive regulators of mTOR presumably to promote nutrient storage and cellular expansion. This indicates that SAdi are geared toward higher catabolic activity, while VAdi are more suited for lipid storage. By comparing adipocytes from mice fed chow or Western diet (WD), we define a core adaptive proteomics signature consisting of increased extracellular matrix proteins and decreased fatty acid metabolism and mitochondrial Coenzyme Q biosynthesis. Relative to SAdi, VAdi displayed greater changes with WD including a pronounced decrease in mitochondrial proteins concomitant with upregulation of apoptotic signaling and decreased mitophagy, indicating pervasive mitochondrial stress. Furthermore, WD caused a reduction in lipid handling and glucose uptake pathways particularly in VAdi, consistent with adipocyte de-differentiation. By overlaying the proteomics changes with diet in whole adipose tissue and isolated adipocytes, we uncovered concordance between adipocytes and tissue only in the visceral adipose tissue, indicating a unique tissue-specific adaptation to sustained WD in SAT. Finally, an in-depth comparison of isolated adipocytes and 3T3-L1 proteomes revealed a high degree of overlap, supporting the utility of the 3T3-L1 adipocyte model. These deep proteomes provide an invaluable resource highlighting differences between white adipose depots that may fine-tune their unique functions and adaptation to an obesogenic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Søren Madsen
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia; Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Marin E Nelson
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia; Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Vinita Deshpande
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia; Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sean J Humphrey
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia; Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kristen C Cooke
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia; Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Anna Howell
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia; Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Alexis Diaz-Vegas
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia; Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - James G Burchfield
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia; Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jacqueline Stöckli
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia; Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - David E James
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia; Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia; Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia.
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7
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Paul A, Chanclón B, Brännmark C, Wittung-Stafshede P, Olofsson CS, Asterholm IW, Parekh SH. Comparing lipid remodeling of brown adipose tissue, white adipose tissue, and liver after one-week high fat diet intervention with quantitative Raman microscopy. J Cell Biochem 2023; 124:382-395. [PMID: 36715685 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.30372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) consists of highly metabolically active adipocytes that catabolize nutrients to produce heat. Playing an active role in triacylglycerol (TAG) clearance, research has shown that dietary fatty acids can modulate the TAG chemistry deposition in BAT after weeks-long dietary intervention, similar to what has been shown in white adipose tissue (WAT). Our objective was to compare the influence of sustained, nonchronic dietary intervention (a 1-week interval) on WAT and interscapular BAT lipid metabolism and deposition in situ. We use quantitative, label-free chemical microscopy to show that 1 week of high fat diet (HFD) intervention results in dramatically larger lipid droplet (LD) growth in BAT (and liver) compared to LD growth in inguinal WAT (IWAT). Moreover, BAT showed lipid remodeling as increased unsaturated TAGs in LDs, resembling the dietary lipid composition, while WAT (and liver) did not show lipid remodeling on this time scale. Concurrently, expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism, particularly desaturases, was reduced in BAT and liver from HFD-fed mice after 1 week. Our data show that BAT lipid chemistry remodels exceptionally fast to dietary lipid intervention compared WAT, which further points towards a role in TAG clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Paul
- Division of Chemical Biology, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Belén Chanclón
- Department of Physiology (Metabolic Physiology), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Brännmark
- Department of Physiology (Metabolic Physiology), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Pernilla Wittung-Stafshede
- Division of Chemical Biology, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Charlotta S Olofsson
- Department of Physiology (Metabolic Physiology), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ingrid Wernstedt Asterholm
- Department of Physiology (Metabolic Physiology), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sapun H Parekh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
- Department of Molecular Spectroscopy, Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Mainz, Germany
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8
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Patrick K, Tian X, Cartwright D, Heising S, Glover MS, Northall EN, Cazares L, Hess S, Baker D, Church C, Davies G, Lavery G, Naylor AJ. Sex-specific effects of CD248 on metabolism and the adipose tissue lipidome. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0284012. [PMID: 37115796 PMCID: PMC10146461 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0284012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cd248 has recently been associated with adipose tissue physiology, demonstrated by reduced weight gain in high fat diet-fed mice with genetic deletion of Cd248 relative to controls. Here we set out to determine the metabolic consequences of loss of Cd248. Strikingly, we find these to be sex specific; By subjecting Cd248-/- and Cd248+/+ mice to a high fat diet and indirect calorimetry study, we identified that only male Cd248-/- mice show reduced weight gain compared to littermate control wildtype mice. In addition, male (but not female) mice showed a lower respiratory exchange ratio on both chow and high fat diets, indicating a predisposition to metabolise lipid. Lipidomic studies on specific fat depots found reduced triglyceride and diglyceride deposition in male Cd248-/- mice, and this was supported by reduced expression of lipogenic and adipogenic genes. Finally, metabolomic analysis of isolated, differentiated preadipocytes found alterations in metabolic pathways associated with lipid deposition in cells isolated from male, but not female, Cd248-/- mice. Overall, our results highlight the importance of sex controls in animal studies and point to a role for Cd248 in sex- and depot-specific regulation of lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kieran Patrick
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Xiang Tian
- Dynamic Omics, Centre for Genomics Research, Discovery Sciences, Biopharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, United States of America
| | - David Cartwright
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Silke Heising
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew S Glover
- Dynamic Omics, Centre for Genomics Research, Discovery Sciences, Biopharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, United States of America
| | - Ellie N Northall
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Lisa Cazares
- Dynamic Omics, Centre for Genomics Research, Discovery Sciences, Biopharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, United States of America
| | - Sonja Hess
- Dynamic Omics, Centre for Genomics Research, Discovery Sciences, Biopharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, United States of America
| | - David Baker
- BioPharmaceuticals R&D, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher Church
- BioPharmaceuticals R&D, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Graeme Davies
- BioPharmaceuticals R&D, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Gareth Lavery
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Amy J Naylor
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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9
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Adipose extracellular matrix deposition is an indicator of obesity and metabolic disorders. J Nutr Biochem 2023; 111:109159. [PMID: 36162565 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2022.109159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Obesity and metabolic disorders are threats to human health. Extracellular matrix (ECM) is an important member of adipose microenvironment. ECM remodeling contributes to obesity and insulin resistance, but the roles of every single ECM component is still not fully understood. We observed glucose and lipids metabolic disorders in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice and humans with obesity. Higher levels of inflammatory factors and hormones existed in serum of HFD-fed mice. Multiple collagens, laminins, fibronectin, nidogen, and Hspg2 were upregulated in obese white adipose tissue (WAT) from mice and humans. These effects were stronger in subcutaneous WAT than visceral WAT in mice, but the fat depot difference was reversed in humans. The ECM structure and the morphology of adipocytes seeded on ECM were changed in the HFD group. In human visceral WAT, ECM genes showed positive correlations with blood lipids and glucose. In vitro, collagen I/IV and LAMA4 proteins showed similar changes with C/EBPα during the differentiation of adipocytes. Macromolecular crowders (MMC) promoted partial collagen and non-collagen gene expression. Oleic acid (OA) and MMC upregulated collagen I/IV and LAMA4 proteins, and the effects of MMC were stronger than that of OA. Moreover, MMC promoted the differentiation of adipocytes, but OA increased the size of lipid droplets. Positive correlations were observed between ECM genes and adipogenesis-related genes in adipocytes. In conclusion, some obesogens (such as HFD) induce ECM remodeling, and the upregulation of ECM components is closely related to adipogenesis, suggesting that adipose ECM deposition is an indicator of obesity and metabolic disorders.
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10
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Dickson E, Fryklund C, Soylu-Kucharz R, Sjögren M, Stenkula KG, Björkqvist M. Altered Adipocyte Cell Size Distribution Prior to Weight Loss in the R6/2 Model of Huntington's Disease. J Huntingtons Dis 2023; 12:253-266. [PMID: 37718850 DOI: 10.3233/jhd-230587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic alterations contribute to disease onset and prognosis of Huntington's disease (HD). Weight loss in the R6/2 mouse model of HD is a consistent feature, with onset in mid-to-late stage of disease. OBJECTIVE In the present study, we aimed to investigate molecular and functional changes in white adipose tissue (WAT) that occur at weight loss in R6/2 mice. We further elaborated on the effect of leptin-deficiency and early obesity in R6/2 mice. METHODS We performed analyses at 12 weeks of age; a time point that coincides with the start of weight loss in our R6/2 mouse colony. Gonadal (visceral) and inguinal (subcutaneous) WAT depot weights were monitored, as well as adipocyte size distribution. Response to isoprenaline-stimulated glycerol release and insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in adipocytes from gonadal WAT was assessed. RESULTS In R6/2 mice, WAT depot weights were comparable to wildtype (WT) mice, and the response to insulin and isoprenaline in gonadal adipocytes was unaltered. Leptin-deficient R6/2 mice exhibited distinct changes compared to leptin-deficient WT mice. At 12 weeks, female leptin-deficient R6/2 mice had reduced body weight accompanied by an increased proportion of smaller adipocytes, while in contrast; male mice displayed a shift towards larger adipocyte sizes without a significant body weight reduction at this timepoint. CONCLUSIONS We here show that there are early sex-specific changes in adipocyte cell size distribution in WAT of R6/2 mice and leptin-deficient R6/2 mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elna Dickson
- Brain Disease Biomarker Unit, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Claes Fryklund
- Glucose Transport and Protein Trafficking, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Rana Soylu-Kucharz
- Brain Disease Biomarker Unit, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Marie Sjögren
- Brain Disease Biomarker Unit, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Karin G Stenkula
- Glucose Transport and Protein Trafficking, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Maria Björkqvist
- Brain Disease Biomarker Unit, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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11
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Qian X, Meng X, Zhang S, Zeng W. Neuroimmune regulation of white adipose tissues. FEBS J 2022; 289:7830-7853. [PMID: 34564950 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The white adipose tissues (WAT) are located in distinct depots throughout the body. They serve as an energy reserve, providing fatty acids for other tissues via lipolysis when needed, and function as an endocrine organ to regulate systemic metabolism. Their activities are coordinated through intercellular communications among adipocytes and other cell types such as residential and infiltrating immune cells, which are collectively under neuronal control. The adipocytes and immune subtypes including macrophages/monocytes, eosinophils, neutrophils, group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s), T and B cells, dendritic cells (DCs), and natural killer (NK) cells display cellular and functional diversity in response to the energy states and contribute to metabolic homeostasis and pathological conditions. Accumulating evidence reveals that neuronal innervations control lipid deposition and mobilization via regulating lipolysis, adipocyte size, and cellularity. Vice versa, the neuronal innervations and activity are influenced by cellular factors in the WAT. Though the literature describing adipose tissue cells is too extensive to cover in detail, we strive to highlight a selected list of neuronal and immune components in this review. The cell-to-cell communications and the perspective of neuroimmune regulation are emphasized to enlighten the potential therapeutic opportunities for treating metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinmin Qian
- Institute for Immunology and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xia Meng
- Institute for Immunology and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shan Zhang
- Institute for Immunology and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenwen Zeng
- Institute for Immunology and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Immunological Research on Chronic Diseases, Beijing, China
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12
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Fryklund C, Neuhaus M, Morén B, Borreguero-Muñoz A, Lundmark R, Stenkula KG. Expansion of the Inguinal Adipose Tissue Depot Correlates With Systemic Insulin Resistance in C57BL/6J Mice. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:942374. [PMID: 36158197 PMCID: PMC9489915 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.942374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
To accommodate surplus energy, the adipose tissue expands by increasing adipocyte size (hypertrophy) and number (hyperplasia). The presence of hypertrophic adipocytes is a key characteristic of adipose tissue dysfunction. High-fat diet (HFD) fed C57BL/6J mice are a commonly used model to study obesity and obesity-related complications. In the present study, we have characterized adipose plasticity, at both the cellular and tissue level, by examining the temporal development of systemic insulin resistance and adiposity in response to HFD-feeding for 4, 8, and 12 weeks (4w, 8w, and 12w). Within the same time frame, we examined systemic metabolic flexibility and adipose plasticity when switching from HFD- to chow-diet during the last 2 weeks of diet intervention (referred to as the reverse (REV) group: 4wREV (2w HFD+2w chow), 8wREV (6w HFD+2w chow), 12wREV (10w HFD+2w chow)). In response to HFD-feeding over time, the 12w group had impaired systemic insulin sensitivity compared to both the 4w and 8w groups, accompanied by an increase in hypertrophic inguinal adipocytes and liver triglycerides. After reversing from HFD- to chow-feeding, most parameters were completely restored to chow control levels for 4wREV and 8wREV groups. In contrast, the 12wREV group had a significantly increased number of hypertrophic adipocytes, liver triglycerides accumulation, and impaired systemic insulin sensitivity compared to chow-fed mice. Further, image analysis at the single-cell level revealed a cell-size dependent organization of actin filaments for all feeding conditions. Indeed, the impaired adipocyte size plasticity in the 12wREV group was accompanied by increased actin filamentation and reduced insulin-stimulated glucose uptake compared with chow-fed mice. In summary, these results demonstrate that the C57BL/6J HFD-feeding model has a large capacity to restore adipocyte cell size and systemic insulin sensitivity, and that a metabolic tipping point occurs between 8 and 12w of HFD-feeding where this plasticity deteriorates. We believe these findings provide substantial understanding of C57BL/6J mice as an obesity model, and that an increased pool of hypertrophic ING adipocytes could contribute to aggravated insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claes Fryklund
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- *Correspondence: Claes Fryklund,
| | - Mathis Neuhaus
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Björn Morén
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | | | - Karin G. Stenkula
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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13
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Wang L, Lu H, Wang S, Liu H, Guo M, Bai H, Zeng W, Zhang T. Vitamin D Receptor affects male mouse fertility via regulation of lipid metabolism and testosterone biosynthesis in testis. Gene 2022; 834:146589. [PMID: 35598688 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D and vitamin D receptor (VD/VDR) plays a vital role in the development of spermatozoa, which is largely determined by the testosterone level in serum. Testosterone biosynthesis is closely related to lipid metabolism in gonadal adipose around testes. VDR could regulate lipid metabolism in adipocytes as well. However, it still remains unknown how VDR regulates lipid metabolism to impact testosterone biosynthesis in testis. Hereby, various parameters of male fertility were compared between wildtype (WT) and Vdr knockout (Vdr-KO) male mouse. For Vdr-KO mice, the size of testis and gonadal adipose was smaller than that of WT, and the sperm quality and testosterone level were lower than WT. Subsequently, testis proteome data between Vdr-KO and WT mice indicated that dysregulation of lipid metabolism was closely associated with decreased testosterone biosynthesis in Vdr-deficient mouse. And further evaluation of VDR functions in Leydig cells verified that VDR impacted lipid metabolism and regulated the expression of a range of genes involved in testosterone biosynthesis. Knockdown VDR could significantly decrease testosterone synthesis and secretion in Leydig cells. Meanwhile, expression of genes involved in androgen synthesis was decreased but genes related to lipolysis were up-regulated. Collectively, the present study unveiled the relationship between lipid metabolism and testosterone biosynthesis mediated by VDR in mouse testis and its effect on male fertility. These findings will greatly enhance our current understanding of VDR intermediate in lipid metabolism and androgen synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Wang
- School of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, 723001 Hanzhong, China; Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Bio-resources, Shaanxi University of Technology, 723001 Hanzhong, China; QinLing-Bashan Mountains Bioresources Comprehensive Development C. I. C., Shaanxi University of Technology, 723001 Hanzhong, China
| | - Hongzhao Lu
- School of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, 723001 Hanzhong, China; QinLing-Bashan Mountains Bioresources Comprehensive Development C. I. C., Shaanxi University of Technology, 723001 Hanzhong, China; Qinba State Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Ecological Environment, Shaanxi University of Technology, 723001 Hanzhong, China
| | - Shanshan Wang
- School of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, 723001 Hanzhong, China
| | - Huan Liu
- School of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, 723001 Hanzhong, China
| | - Miaomiao Guo
- School of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, 723001 Hanzhong, China
| | - Hao Bai
- School of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, 723001 Hanzhong, China
| | - Wenxian Zeng
- School of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, 723001 Hanzhong, China; QinLing-Bashan Mountains Bioresources Comprehensive Development C. I. C., Shaanxi University of Technology, 723001 Hanzhong, China; Qinba State Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Ecological Environment, Shaanxi University of Technology, 723001 Hanzhong, China.
| | - Tao Zhang
- School of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, 723001 Hanzhong, China; QinLing-Bashan Mountains Bioresources Comprehensive Development C. I. C., Shaanxi University of Technology, 723001 Hanzhong, China; Qinba State Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Ecological Environment, Shaanxi University of Technology, 723001 Hanzhong, China.
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14
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Stomatin modulates adipogenesis through the ERK pathway and regulates fatty acid uptake and lipid droplet growth. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4174. [PMID: 35854007 PMCID: PMC9296665 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31825-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulation of fatty acid uptake, lipid production and storage, and metabolism of lipid droplets (LDs), is closely related to lipid homeostasis, adipocyte hypertrophy and obesity. We report here that stomatin, a major constituent of lipid raft, participates in adipogenesis and adipocyte maturation by modulating related signaling pathways. In adipocyte-like cells, increased stomatin promotes LD growth or enlargements by facilitating LD-LD fusion. It also promotes fatty acid uptake from extracellular environment by recruiting effector molecules, such as FAT/CD36 translocase, to lipid rafts to promote internalization of fatty acids. Stomatin transgenic mice fed with high-fat diet exhibit obesity, insulin resistance and hepatic impairments; however, such phenotypes are not seen in transgenic animals fed with regular diet. Inhibitions of stomatin by gene knockdown or OB-1 inhibit adipogenic differentiation and LD growth through downregulation of PPARγ pathway. Effects of stomatin on PPARγ involves ERK signaling; however, an alternate pathway may also exist. Stomatin is a component of lipid rafts. Here, Wu et al. show that stomatin modulates the differentiation and functions of adipocytes by regulating adipogenesis signaling and fatty acid influx such that with excessive calorie intake, increased stomatin induces adiposity.
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15
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Choi C, Saha A, An S, Cho YK, Kim H, Noh M, Lee YH. Macrophage-Specific Connexin 43 Knockout Protects Mice from Obesity-Induced Inflammation and Metabolic Dysfunction. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:925971. [PMID: 35800892 PMCID: PMC9253378 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.925971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue macrophages are a major immune cell type contributing to homeostatic maintenance and pathological adipose tissue remodeling. However, the mechanisms underlying macrophage recruitment and polarization in adipose tissue during obesity remain poorly understood. Previous studies have suggested that the gap junctional protein, connexin 43 (Cx43), plays a critical role in macrophage activation and phagocytosis. Herein, we investigated the macrophage-specific roles of Cx43 in high fat diet (HFD)-induced pathological remodeling of adipose tissue. Expression levels of Cx43 were upregulated in macrophages co-cultured with dying adipocytes in vitro, as well as in macrophages associated with dying adipocytes in the adipose tissue of HFD-fed mice. Cx43 knockdown reduced lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ATP release from macrophages and decreased inflammatory responses of macrophages co-cultured with dying adipocytes. Based on global gene expression profiling, macrophage-specific Cx43-knockout (Cx43-MKO) mice were resistant to HFD-induced inflammatory responses in adipose tissue, potentially via P2X7-mediated signaling pathways. Cx43-MKO mice exhibited reduced HFD-induced macrophage recruitment in adipose tissue. Moreover, Cx43-MKO mice showed reduced inflammasome activation in adipose tissues and improved glucose tolerance. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that Cx43 expression in macrophages facilitates inflammasome activation, which, in turn, contributes to HFD-induced metabolic dysfunction.
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16
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Verzijl CRC, Oldoni F, Loaiza N, Wolters JC, Rimbert A, Tian E, Yang W, Struik D, Smit M, Kloosterhuis NJ, Fernandez AJ, Samara NL, Ten Hagen KG, Dalal K, Chernish A, McCluggage P, Tabak LA, Jonker JW, Kuivenhoven JA. A novel role for GalNAc-T2 dependent glycosylation in energy homeostasis. Mol Metab 2022; 60:101472. [PMID: 35304331 PMCID: PMC9019398 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2022.101472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE GALNT2, encoding polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 2 (GalNAc-T2), was initially discovered as a regulator of high-density lipoprotein metabolism. GalNAc-T2 is known to exert these effects through post-translational modification, i.e., O-linked glycosylation of secreted proteins with established roles in plasma lipid metabolism. It has recently become clear that loss of GALNT2 in rodents, cattle, nonhuman primates, and humans should be regarded as a novel congenital disorder of glycosylation that affects development and body weight. The role of GALNT2 in metabolic abnormalities other than plasma lipids, including insulin sensitivity and energy homeostasis, is poorly understood. METHODS GWAS data from the UK Biobank was used to study variation in the GALNT2 locus beyond changes in high-density lipoprotein metabolism. Experimental data were obtained through studies in Galnt2-/- mice and wild-type littermates on both control and high-fat diet. RESULTS First, we uncovered associations between GALNT2 gene variation, adiposity, and body mass index in humans. In mice, we identify the insulin receptor as a novel substrate of GalNAc-T2 and demonstrate that Galnt2-/- mice exhibit decreased adiposity, alterations in insulin signaling and a shift in energy substrate utilization in the inactive phase. CONCLUSIONS This study identifies a novel role for GALNT2 in energy homeostasis, and our findings suggest that the local effects of GalNAc-T2 are mediated through posttranslational modification of the insulin receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristy R C Verzijl
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Federico Oldoni
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Natalia Loaiza
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Justina C Wolters
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Antoine Rimbert
- Nantes Université, CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, F-44000, Nantes, France
| | - E Tian
- Developmental Glycobiology Section, NIDCR, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Weiming Yang
- Section on Biological Chemistry, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Dicky Struik
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Marieke Smit
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Niels J Kloosterhuis
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Amy J Fernandez
- Department of Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Nadine L Samara
- Structural Biochemistry Unit, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States; Developmental Glycobiology Section, NIDCR, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Kelly G Ten Hagen
- Developmental Glycobiology Section, NIDCR, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Kruti Dalal
- Section on Biological Chemistry, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Aliona Chernish
- Section on Biological Chemistry, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Peggy McCluggage
- Section on Biological Chemistry, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Lawrence A Tabak
- Section on Biological Chemistry, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Johan W Jonker
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jan Albert Kuivenhoven
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
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17
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Bruder J, Fromme T. Global Adipose Tissue Remodeling During the First Month of Postnatal Life in Mice. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:849877. [PMID: 35250892 PMCID: PMC8892685 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.849877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
During the first month of postnatal life, adipose tissue depots of mice go through a drastic, but transient, remodeling process. Between postnatal days 10 and 20, several white fat depots display a strong and sudden surge in beige adipocyte emergence that reverts until day 30. At the same time, brown fat depots appear to undergo an opposite phenomenon. We comprehensively describe these events, their depot specificity and known environmental and genetic interactions, such as maternal diet, housing temperature and mouse strain. We further discuss potential mechanisms and plausible purposes, including the tempting hypothesis that postnatal transient remodeling creates a lasting adaptive capacity still detectable in adult animals. Finally, we propose postnatal adipose tissue remodeling as a model process to investigate mechanisms of beige adipocyte recruitment advantageous to cold exposure or adrenergic stimulation in its entirely endogenous sequence of events without external manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Bruder
- Else Kröner-Fresenius Center for Nutritional Medicine (EKFZ), Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
- Chair of Molecular Nutritional Medicine, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Tobias Fromme
- Chair of Molecular Nutritional Medicine, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
- *Correspondence: Tobias Fromme,
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Stefkovich M, Traynor S, Cheng L, Merrick D, Seale P. Dpp4+ interstitial progenitor cells contribute to basal and high fat diet-induced adipogenesis. Mol Metab 2021; 54:101357. [PMID: 34662714 PMCID: PMC8581370 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2021.101357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The capacity to generate new adipocytes from precursor cells is critical for maintaining metabolic health. Adipocyte precursor cells (APCs) constitute a heterogenous collection of cell types; however, the contribution of these various cell types to adipose tissue expansion in vivo remains unknown. The aim of the current study is to investigate the contribution of Dpp4+ progenitors to de novo adipogenesis. METHODS Single cell analysis has identified several transcriptionally distinct subpopulations of APCs, including Dpp4+ progenitor cells concentrated in the connective tissue surrounding many organs, including white adipose tissue (WAT). Here, we generated a Dpp4CreER mouse model for in vivo lineage tracing of these cells and their downstream progeny in the setting of basal or high fat diet (HFD)-stimulated adipogenesis. RESULTS Dpp4CreER mice enabled specific temporal labeling of Dpp4+ progenitor cells within their native connective tissue niche. Following a dietary chase period consisting of chow or HFD feeding for 18 weeks, Dpp4+ progenitors differentiated into mature adipocytes within the gonadal and subcutaneous WAT. HFD stimulated adipogenic contribution from Dpp4+ cells in the gonadal but not the subcutaneous depot. Flow cytometry analysis revealed that Dpp4+ progenitors give rise to DPP4(-)/ICAM1+ preadipocytes in vivo. HFD feeding did not perturb the flux of Dpp4+ cell conversion into ICAM1+ preadipocytes in gonadal WAT. Conversely, in subcutaneous WAT, HFD feeding/obesity led to an accumulation of ICAM1+ preadipocytes without a corresponding increase in mature adipocyte differentiation. Examination of non-classical murine visceral depots with relevance to humans, including omentum and retroperitoneal WAT, revealed robust contribution of Dpp4+ progenitors to de novo adipogenesis, which was further stimulated by HFD. CONCLUSION Our data demonstrate that Dpp4+ interstitial progenitor cells contribute to basal adipogenesis in all fat depots and are recruited to support de novo adipogenic expansion of visceral WAT in the setting of HFD-induced obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Stefkovich
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA,Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Sarah Traynor
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA,Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Lan Cheng
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - David Merrick
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA,Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA,Corresponding author. Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Smilow Center for Translational Research, 3400 Civic Center Blvd, Rm. 12-103, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| | - Patrick Seale
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA,Corresponding author. Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Smilow Center for Translational Research, 3400 Civic Center Blvd, Rm. 12-105, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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Córdoba-Adaya JC, Oros-Pantoja R, Torres-García E, Morales-Ávila E, Aranda-Lara L, Santillán-Benítez JG, Hernández-Herrera NO, Otero G, Isaac-Olivé K. Evaluation of doxorubicin-induced early multi-organ toxicity in male CD1 mice by biodistribution of 18F-FDG and 67Ga-citrate. Pilot study. Toxicol Mech Methods 2021; 31:546-558. [PMID: 34057017 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2021.1937420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The search for methods that identify early toxicity, induced by chemotherapy, is urgent. Changes in the biodistribution of radiopharmaceuticals could give information on early toxicity. Ten-week-old CD1 male mice were divided into four groups. Two groups were administered a weekly dose of 5 mg/kg of doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX) for 5 weeks and the control groups were administered saline solution. One week after the end of treatment, the biodistribution of 18F-FDG and 67Ga-citrate were carried out, as was the quantification of plasma enzymes CK, CK-MB, LDH and AST. All enzymes were higher in the treated animals, but only significant (p < 0.05) in the case of CK-MB. 18F-FDG uptake increased in all organs of treated animals except retroperitoneal fat, being significant in spleen, brain, heart, liver, lung, kidney, and inguinal fat. 67Ga-citrate had a more complex pattern. The uptake in the DOX group was higher in spleen, lung, kidney, testes, and gonadal fat, it did not change in brain, heart, and liver, and it was lower in the rest of the organs. It only showed significant differences in lung and pancreas. A thorough discussion of the possible causes that produced the change in biodistributions of both radiopharmaceuticals is included. The pilot study showed that both radiopharmaceuticals could identify early multi-organ toxicity induced by DOX. Although 18F-FDG seems to be better, 67Ga-citrato should not be ruled out a priori. The detection of early toxicity would serve to adopt treatments that prevent its progression, thus improving patient's quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio César Córdoba-Adaya
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Teranóstica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca, Mexico
| | - Rigoberto Oros-Pantoja
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Teranóstica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca, Mexico
| | - Eugenio Torres-García
- Laboratorio de Dosimetría y Simulación Monte Carlo, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca, Mexico
| | - Enrique Morales-Ávila
- Laboratorio de Farmacia y Toxicología, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca, Mexico
| | - Liliana Aranda-Lara
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Teranóstica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca, Mexico
| | - Jonnathan G Santillán-Benítez
- Laboratorio de Farmacia y Toxicología, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca, Mexico
| | | | - Gloria Otero
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Teranóstica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca, Mexico
| | - Keila Isaac-Olivé
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Teranóstica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca, Mexico
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20
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Zhang Y, Bobe G, Miranda CL, Lowry MB, Hsu VL, Lohr CV, Wong CP, Jump DB, Robinson MM, Sharpton TJ, Maier CS, Stevens JF, Gombart AF. Tetrahydroxanthohumol, a xanthohumol derivative, attenuates high-fat diet-induced hepatic steatosis by antagonizing PPARγ. eLife 2021; 10:e66398. [PMID: 34128467 PMCID: PMC8205491 DOI: 10.7554/elife.66398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously reported xanthohumol (XN), and its synthetic derivative tetrahydro-XN (TXN), attenuates high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity and metabolic syndrome in C57Bl/6J mice. The objective of the current study was to determine the effect of XN and TXN on lipid accumulation in the liver. Non-supplemented mice were unable to adapt their caloric intake to 60% HFD, resulting in obesity and hepatic steatosis; however, TXN reduced weight gain and decreased hepatic steatosis. Liver transcriptomics indicated that TXN might antagonize lipogenic PPARγ actions in vivo. XN and TXN inhibited rosiglitazone-induced 3T3-L1 cell differentiation concomitant with decreased expression of lipogenesis-related genes. A peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) competitive binding assay showed that XN and TXN bind to PPARγ with an IC50 similar to pioglitazone and 8-10 times stronger than oleate. Molecular docking simulations demonstrated that XN and TXN bind in the PPARγ ligand-binding domain pocket. Our findings are consistent with XN and TXN acting as antagonists of PPARγ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhang
- School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Nutrition Program, Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State UniversityCorvallisUnited States
| | - Gerd Bobe
- Department of Animal Sciences, Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State UniversityCorvallisUnited States
| | - Cristobal L Miranda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State UniversityCorvallisUnited States
| | - Malcolm B Lowry
- Department of Microbiology, Oregon State UniversityCorvallisUnited States
| | - Victor L Hsu
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State UniversityCorvallisUnited States
| | - Christiane V Lohr
- Department of Biomedical Science, Carlson College of Veterinary MedicineCorvallisUnited States
| | - Carmen P Wong
- School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Nutrition Program, Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State UniversityCorvallisUnited States
| | - Donald B Jump
- School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Nutrition Program, Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State UniversityCorvallisUnited States
| | - Matthew M Robinson
- School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Kinesiology Program, Oregon State UniversityCorvallisUnited States
| | - Thomas J Sharpton
- Department of Microbiology, Department of Statistics, Oregon State UniversityCorvallisUnited States
| | - Claudia S Maier
- Department of Chemistry, Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State UniversityCorvallisUnited States
| | - Jan F Stevens
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State UniversityCorvallisUnited States
| | - Adrian F Gombart
- Linus Pauling Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State UniversityCorvallisUnited States
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21
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Frausto-González O, Bautista CJ, Narváez-González F, Hernandez-Leon A, Estrada-Camarena E, Rivero-Cruz F, González-Trujano ME. Bertholletia excelsa Seeds Reduce Anxiety-Like Behavior, Lipids, and Overweight in Mice. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26113212. [PMID: 34072024 PMCID: PMC8198383 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Overweight, obesity, and psychiatric disorders are serious health problems. To evidence the anxiolytic-like effects and lipid reduction in mice receiving a high-calorie diet and Bertholletia excelsa seeds in a nonpolar extract (SBHX, 30 and 300 mg/kg), animals were assessed in open-field, hole-board, and elevated plus-maze tests. SBHX (3 and 10 mg/kg) potentiated the pentobarbital-induced hypnosis. Chronic administration of SBHX for 40 days was given to mice fed with a hypercaloric diet to determine the relationship between water and food intake vs. changes in body weight. Testes, epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT), and liver were dissected to analyze fat content, triglycerides, cholesterol, and histological effects after administering the hypercaloric diet and SBHX. Fatty acids, such as palmitoleic acid (0.14%), palmitic acid (21.42%), linoleic acid (11.02%), oleic acid (59.97%), and stearic acid (7.44%), were identified as constituents of SBHX, producing significant anxiolytic-like effects and preventing body-weight gain in mice receiving the hypercaloric diet without altering their water or food consumption. There was also a lipid-lowering effect on the testicular tissue and eWAT and a reduction of adipocyte area in eWAT. Our data evidence beneficial properties of B. excelsa seeds influencing global health concerns such as obesity and anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oswaldo Frausto-González
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología de Productos Naturales, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, 14370 Mexico City, Mexico; (O.F.-G.); (A.H.-L.)
| | - Claudia J. Bautista
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga 15, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, 14000 Mexico City, Mexico;
| | - Fernando Narváez-González
- ISSSTE Hospital Regional “Gral. Ignacio Zaragoza”, Calz. Ignacio Zaragoza 1711, Ejército Constitucionalista, Chinam Pac de Juárez, Iztapalapa, 09220 Mexico City, Mexico;
| | - Alberto Hernandez-Leon
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología de Productos Naturales, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, 14370 Mexico City, Mexico; (O.F.-G.); (A.H.-L.)
| | - Erika Estrada-Camarena
- Laboratorio de Neuropsicofarmacología, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Calz. México-Xochimilco 101, Col, San Lorenzo Huipulco, Tlalpan, 14370 Mexico City, Mexico
- Correspondence: (E.E.-C.); (M.E.G.-T.)
| | - Fausto Rivero-Cruz
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510 Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico;
| | - María Eva González-Trujano
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología de Productos Naturales, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, 14370 Mexico City, Mexico; (O.F.-G.); (A.H.-L.)
- Correspondence: (E.E.-C.); (M.E.G.-T.)
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22
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Sárvári AK, Van Hauwaert EL, Markussen LK, Gammelmark E, Marcher AB, Ebbesen MF, Nielsen R, Brewer JR, Madsen JGS, Mandrup S. Plasticity of Epididymal Adipose Tissue in Response to Diet-Induced Obesity at Single-Nucleus Resolution. Cell Metab 2021; 33:437-453.e5. [PMID: 33378646 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2020.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Adipose tissues display a remarkable ability to adapt to the dietary status. Here, we have applied single-nucleus RNA-seq to map the plasticity of mouse epididymal white adipose tissue at single-nucleus resolution in response to high-fat-diet-induced obesity. The single-nucleus approach allowed us to recover all major cell types and to reveal distinct transcriptional stages along the entire adipogenic trajectory from preadipocyte commitment to mature adipocytes. We demonstrate the existence of different adipocyte subpopulations and show that obesity leads to disappearance of the lipogenic subpopulation and increased abundance of the stressed lipid-scavenging subpopulation. Moreover, obesity is associated with major changes in the abundance and gene expression of other cell populations, including a dramatic increase in lipid-handling genes in macrophages at the expense of macrophage-specific genes. The data provide a powerful resource for future hypothesis-driven investigations of the mechanisms of adipocyte differentiation and adipose tissue plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anitta Kinga Sárvári
- Center for Functional Genomics and Tissue Plasticity, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M 5230, Denmark
| | - Elvira Laila Van Hauwaert
- Center for Functional Genomics and Tissue Plasticity, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M 5230, Denmark
| | - Lasse Kruse Markussen
- Center for Functional Genomics and Tissue Plasticity, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M 5230, Denmark
| | - Ellen Gammelmark
- Center for Functional Genomics and Tissue Plasticity, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M 5230, Denmark
| | - Ann-Britt Marcher
- Center for Functional Genomics and Tissue Plasticity, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M 5230, Denmark
| | - Morten Frendø Ebbesen
- Danish Molecular Biomedical Imaging Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M 5230, Denmark
| | - Ronni Nielsen
- Center for Functional Genomics and Tissue Plasticity, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M 5230, Denmark
| | - Jonathan Richard Brewer
- Danish Molecular Biomedical Imaging Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M 5230, Denmark
| | - Jesper Grud Skat Madsen
- Center for Functional Genomics and Tissue Plasticity, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M 5230, Denmark.
| | - Susanne Mandrup
- Center for Functional Genomics and Tissue Plasticity, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M 5230, Denmark.
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23
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Extracellular Vesicles from Adipose Tissue Stem Cells in Diabetes and Associated Cardiovascular Disease; Pathobiological Impact and Therapeutic Potential. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249598. [PMID: 33339409 PMCID: PMC7766415 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ADSCs) are pluripotent mesenchymal stem cells found in relatively high percentages in the adipose tissue and able to self-renew and differentiate into many different types of cells. “Extracellular vesicles (EVs), small membrane vesicular structures released during cell activation, senescence, or apoptosis, act as mediators for long distance communication between cells, transferring their specific bioactive molecules into host target cells”. There is a general consensus on how to define and isolate ADSCs, however, multiple separation and characterization protocols are being used in the present which complicate the results’ integration in a single theory on ADSCs’ and their derived factors’ way of action. Metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are mainly caused by abnormal adipose tissue size, distribution and metabolism and so ADSCs and their secretory factors such as EVs are currently investigated as therapeutics in these diseases. Moreover, due to their relatively easy isolation and propagation in culture and their differentiation ability, ADSCs are being employed in preclinical studies of implantable devices or prosthetics. This review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of the current knowledge on EVs secreted from ADSCs both as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutics in diabetes and associated cardiovascular disease, the molecular mechanisms involved, as well as on the use of ADSC differentiation potential in cardiovascular tissue repair and prostheses.
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24
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Lee J, Walter MF, Korach KS, Noguchi CT. Erythropoietin reduces fat mass in female mice lacking estrogen receptor alpha. Mol Metab 2020; 45:101142. [PMID: 33309599 PMCID: PMC7809438 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2020.101142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Erythropoietin (EPO), the cytokine required for erythropoiesis, contributes to metabolic regulation of fat mass and glycemic control. EPO treatment in mice on high-fat diets (HFD) improved glucose tolerance and decreased body weight gain via reduced fat mass in males and ovariectomized females. The decreased fat accumulation with EPO treatment during HFD in ovariectomized females was abrogated with estradiol supplementation, providing evidence for estrogen-related gender-specific EPO action in metabolic regulation. In this study, we examined the cross-talk between estrogen mediated through estrogen receptor α (ERα) and EPO for the regulation of glucose metabolism and fat mass accumulation. Methods Wild-type (WT) mice and mouse models with ERα knockout (ERα−/−) and targeted deletion of ERα in adipose tissue (ERαadipoKO) were used to examine EPO treatment during high-fat diet feeding and after diet-induced obesity. Results ERα−/− mice on HFD exhibited increased fat mass and glucose intolerance. EPO treatment on HFD reduced fat accumulation in male WT and ERα−/− mice and female ERα−/− mice but not female WT mice. EPO reduced HFD increase in adipocyte size in WT mice but not in mice with deletion of ERα independent of EPO-stimulated reduction in fat mass. EPO treatment also improved glucose and insulin tolerance significantly greater in female ERα−/− mice and female ERαadipoKO compared with WT controls. Increased metabolic activity by EPO was associated with browning of white adipocytes as shown by reductions in white fat-associated genes and induction of brown fat-specific uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1). Conclusions This study clearly identified the role of estrogen signaling in modifying EPO regulation of glucose metabolism and the sex-differential EPO effect on fat mass regulation. Cross-talk between EPO and estrogen was implicated for metabolic homeostasis and regulation of body mass in female mice. Erythropoietin regulates fat mass in male but not female mice on high-fat diets. Female estrogen receptor alpha deletion restores erythropoietin fat mass regulation. Estrogen receptor alpha deletion increases erythropoietin regulation of glucose tolerance. Erythropoietin reduced white fat-associated genes and increased uncoupling protein 1. Erythropoietin and estrogen cross-talk is implicated for metabolic homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeeyoung Lee
- Molecular Medicine Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mary F Walter
- Clinical Laboratory Core, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kenneth S Korach
- Reproductive and Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Constance Tom Noguchi
- Molecular Medicine Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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25
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Ramalho A, Leblanc N, Fortin MG, Marette A, Tchernof A, Jacques H. Characterization of a Coproduct from the Sea Cucumber Cucumaria frondosa and Its Effects on Visceral Adipocyte Size in Male Wistar Rats. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:E530. [PMID: 33114645 PMCID: PMC7693588 DOI: 10.3390/md18110530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Sea cucumbers have been shown to have potential health benefits and are a rich source of several bioactive compounds, particularly triterpenoid saponins. However, most studies concentrate on the body wall, and little is known about the health effects of the coproducts. The objectives of this study were to determine the nutritional composition of a coproduct from the sea cucumber Cucumaria frondosa and the effects of the dietary consumption of this coproduct on cardiometabolic health in rats. Chemical, biochemical, and nutritional analyses were performed to characterize this coproduct. Forty (40) male Wistar rats were then equally divided into four groups and fed a purified control diet or a diet enriched with 0.5%, 1.5%, or 2.5% (by protein) of coproduct. After 28 days of feeding, the rats were sacrificed. Body and tissue weight, body composition, epididymal adipocyte diameter, plasma and hepatic lipids, glycemia, and insulinemia were measured at the end of the 28-day experiment. Analysis of the coproduct revealed high levels of protein, omega-3 fatty acids, minerals, and saponins. The 1.5% group had significantly smaller epididymal adipocytes vs. the control. We conclude that dietary administration of this sea cucumber coproduct at 1.5% doses decreases visceral adiposity, potentially decreasing the risk of cardiometabolic dysfunction. The coproduct's saponin content may contribute to the observed effects, but the impact of other components cannot be ruled out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Ramalho
- School of Nutrition, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Université Laval, Laval, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; (A.R.); (A.T.)
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Université Laval, Laval, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; (N.L.); (A.M.)
| | - Nadine Leblanc
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Université Laval, Laval, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; (N.L.); (A.M.)
| | - Marie-Gil Fortin
- Fisheries and Aquaculture Innovation Centre, Merinov, Gaspé, QC G4X 2V6, Canada;
| | - André Marette
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Université Laval, Laval, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; (N.L.); (A.M.)
- Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Université Laval, Laval, QC G1V 4G5, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Laval, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - André Tchernof
- School of Nutrition, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Université Laval, Laval, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; (A.R.); (A.T.)
- Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Université Laval, Laval, QC G1V 4G5, Canada
| | - Hélène Jacques
- School of Nutrition, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Université Laval, Laval, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; (A.R.); (A.T.)
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Université Laval, Laval, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; (N.L.); (A.M.)
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26
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Murphy KP, Hendley MA, Patterson AT, Hall HE, Carter GJ, Isely C, Gower RM. Modulation of adipocyte size and fat pad weight via resveratrol releasing scaffolds implanted into the epididymal adipose tissue. J Biomed Mater Res A 2020; 109:766-778. [PMID: 32681806 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Lipid overload of the adipose tissue, which can be caused by overnutrition, underlies metabolic disease. We hypothesized that increasing the energy demand of adipose tissue is a promising strategy to combat excessive lipid accumulation. Resveratrol, a natural polyphenol, activates lipid catabolism in fat tissue; however, its clinical success is hindered by poor bioavailability. Here, we implanted resveratrol releasing poly(lactide-co-glycolide) scaffolds into epididymal fat to overcome its poor bioavailability with the goal of enhancing local lipid catabolism. In lean mice, resveratrol scaffolds decreased adipocyte size relative to scaffolds with no drug, a response that correlated with AMP kinase activation. Immunohistochemistry indicated that macrophages and multinucleated giant cells within the scaffold expressed carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1) at higher levels than other cells in the adipose tissue. Furthermore, resveratrol increased CPT1 levels in cultured macrophages. Taken together, we propose that resveratrol scaffolds decrease adipocyte size because resveratrol increases lipid utilization in scaffold-infiltrating immune cells, possibly through elevating CPT1 levels or activity. In a follow-up study, mice that received resveratrol scaffolds 28-day prior to a high-fat diet exhibited decreased weight gain, adipose tissue expansion, and adipocyte hypertrophy compared to mice with control scaffolds. Notably, this scaffold-based strategy required a single resveratrol administration compared to the daily regiment generally needed for oral administration. These results indicate that localized delivery of metabolism modulating agents to the adipose tissue may overcome issues with bioavailability and that the role of biomaterials should be further investigated in this therapeutic strategy for metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kendall P Murphy
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Michael A Hendley
- Biomedical Engineering Program, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Alexandra T Patterson
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Hayley E Hall
- Biomedical Engineering Program, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Griffin J Carter
- Biomedical Engineering Program, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Christopher Isely
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - R Michael Gower
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA.,Biomedical Engineering Program, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
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27
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Single cell approaches to address adipose tissue stromal cell heterogeneity. Biochem J 2020; 477:583-600. [PMID: 32026949 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20190467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A central function of adipose tissue is in the management of systemic energy homeostasis that is achieved through the co-ordinated regulation of energy storage and mobilization, adipokine release, and immune functions. With the dramatic increase in the prevalence of obesity and obesity-related metabolic disease over the past 30 years, there has been extensive interest in targeting adipose tissue for therapeutic benefit. However, in order for this goal to be achieved it is essential to establish a comprehensive atlas of adipose tissue cellular composition and define mechanisms of intercellular communication that mediate pathologic and therapeutic responses. While traditional methods, such as fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) and genetic lineage tracing, have greatly advanced the field, these approaches are inherently limited by the choice of markers and the ability to comprehensively identify and characterize dynamic interactions among stromal cells within the tissue microenvironment. Single cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) has emerged as a powerful tool for deconvolving cellular heterogeneity and holds promise for understanding the development and plasticity of adipose tissue under normal and pathological conditions. scRNAseq has recently been used to characterize adipose stem cell (ASC) populations and has provided new insights into subpopulations of macrophages that arise during anabolic and catabolic remodeling in white adipose tissue. The current review summarizes recent findings that use this technology to explore adipose tissue heterogeneity and plasticity.
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28
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Rossmeisl M, Pavlisova J, Bardova K, Kalendova V, Buresova J, Kuda O, Kroupova P, Stankova B, Tvrzicka E, Fiserova E, Horakova O, Kopecky J. Increased plasma levels of palmitoleic acid may contribute to beneficial effects of Krill oil on glucose homeostasis in dietary obese mice. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2020; 1865:158732. [PMID: 32371092 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2020.158732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Omega-3 polyunsatuarted fatty acids (PUFA) are associated with hypolipidemic and anti-inflammatory effects. However, omega-3 PUFA, usually administered as triacylglycerols or ethyl esters, could also compromise glucose metabolism, especially in obese type 2 diabetics. Phospholipids represent an alternative source of omega-3 PUFA, but their impact on glucose homeostasis is poorly explored. Male C57BL/6N mice were fed for 8 weeks a corn oil-based high-fat diet (cHF) alone or cHF-based diets containing eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid (~3%; wt/wt), admixed either as a concentrate of re-esterified triacylglycerols (ω3TG) or Krill oil containing mainly phospholipids (ω3PL). Lean controls were fed a low-fat diet. Insulin sensitivity (hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamps), parameters of glucose homeostasis, adipose tissue function, and plasma levels of N-acylethanolamines, monoacylglycerols and fatty acids were determined. Feeding cHF induced obesity and worsened (~4.3-fold) insulin sensitivity as determined by clamp. Insulin sensitivity was almost preserved in ω3PL but not ω3TG mice. Compared with cHF mice, endogenous glucose production was reduced to 47%, whereas whole-body and muscle glycogen synthesis increased ~3-fold in ω3PL mice that showed improved adipose tissue function and elevated plasma adiponectin levels. Besides eicosapentaenoic and docosapentaenoic acids, principal component analysis of plasma fatty acids identified palmitoleic acid (C16:1n-7) as the most discriminating analyte whose levels were increased in ω3PL mice and correlated negatively with the degree of cHF-induced glucose intolerance. While palmitoleic acid from Krill oil may help improve glucose homeostasis, our findings provide a general rationale for using omega-3 PUFA-containing phospholipids as nutritional supplements with potent insulin-sensitizing effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Rossmeisl
- Laboratory of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Jana Pavlisova
- Laboratory of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kristina Bardova
- Laboratory of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Kalendova
- Laboratory of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Buresova
- Laboratory of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Kuda
- Laboratory of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Kroupova
- Laboratory of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Stankova
- 4th Department of Internal Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Tvrzicka
- 4th Department of Internal Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Fiserova
- Department of Mathematical Analysis and Applications of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Olga Horakova
- Laboratory of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Kopecky
- Laboratory of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic
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29
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Staňková P, Kučera O, Peterová E, Lotková H, Maseko TE, Nožičková K, Červinková Z. Adaptation of Mitochondrial Substrate Flux in a Mouse Model of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21031101. [PMID: 32046101 PMCID: PMC7036817 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21031101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Maladaptation of mitochondrial oxidative flux seems to be a considerable feature of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The aim of this work was to induce NAFLD in mice fed a Western-style diet (WD) and to evaluate liver mitochondrial functions. Experiments were performed on male C57BL/6J mice fed with a control diet or a WD for 24 weeks. Histological changes in liver and adipose tissue as well as hepatic expression of fibrotic and inflammatory genes and proteins were evaluated. The mitochondrial respiration was assessed by high-resolution respirometry. Oxidative stress was evaluated by measuring lipoperoxidation, glutathione, and reactive oxygen species level. Feeding mice a WD induced adipose tissue inflammation and massive liver steatosis accompanied by mild inflammation and fibrosis. We found decreased succinate-activated mitochondrial respiration and decreased succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity in the mice fed a WD. The oxidative flux with other substrates was not affected. We observed increased ketogenic capacity, but no impact on the capacity for fatty acid oxidation. We did not confirm the presence of oxidative stress. Mitochondria in this stage of the disease are adapted to increased substrate flux. However, inhibition of SDH can lead to the accumulation of succinate, an important signaling molecule associated with inflammation, fibrosis, and carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavla Staňková
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Šimkova 870, 500 03 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic; (P.S.); (H.L.); (T.E.M.); (K.N.); (Z.Č.)
| | - Otto Kučera
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Šimkova 870, 500 03 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic; (P.S.); (H.L.); (T.E.M.); (K.N.); (Z.Č.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +420-495-816-186
| | - Eva Peterová
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Šimkova 870, 500 03 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic;
| | - Halka Lotková
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Šimkova 870, 500 03 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic; (P.S.); (H.L.); (T.E.M.); (K.N.); (Z.Č.)
| | - Tumisang Edward Maseko
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Šimkova 870, 500 03 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic; (P.S.); (H.L.); (T.E.M.); (K.N.); (Z.Č.)
| | - Kateřina Nožičková
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Šimkova 870, 500 03 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic; (P.S.); (H.L.); (T.E.M.); (K.N.); (Z.Č.)
| | - Zuzana Červinková
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Šimkova 870, 500 03 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic; (P.S.); (H.L.); (T.E.M.); (K.N.); (Z.Č.)
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30
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Gilleron J, Bouget G, Ivanov S, Meziat C, Ceppo F, Vergoni B, Djedaini M, Soprani A, Dumas K, Jacquel A, Yvan-Charvet L, Venteclef N, Tanti JF, Cormont M. Rab4b Deficiency in T Cells Promotes Adipose Treg/Th17 Imbalance, Adipose Tissue Dysfunction, and Insulin Resistance. Cell Rep 2019; 25:3329-3341.e5. [PMID: 30566860 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.11.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity modifies T cell populations in adipose tissue, thereby contributing to adipose tissue inflammation and insulin resistance. Here, we show that Rab4b, a small GTPase governing endocytic trafficking, is pivotal in T cells for the development of these pathological events. Rab4b expression is decreased in adipose T cells from mice and patients with obesity. The specific depletion of Rab4b in T cells causes adipocyte hypertrophy and insulin resistance in chow-fed mice and worsens insulin resistance in obese mice. This phenotype is driven by an increase in adipose Th17 and a decrease in adipose Treg due to a cell-autonomous skew of differentiation toward Th17. The Th17/Treg imbalance initiates adipose tissue inflammation and reduces adipogenesis, leading to lipid deposition in liver and muscles. Therefore, we propose that the obesity-induced loss of Rab4b in adipose T cells may contribute to maladaptive white adipose tissue remodeling and insulin resistance by altering adipose T cell fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Gilleron
- INSERM UMR1065, Mediterranean Center of Molecular Medicine C3M, Team "Cellular and Molecular Physiopathology of Obesity and Diabetes," Nice, France; Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - Gwennaëlle Bouget
- INSERM UMR1065, Mediterranean Center of Molecular Medicine C3M, Team "Cellular and Molecular Physiopathology of Obesity and Diabetes," Nice, France; Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - Stoyan Ivanov
- Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France; INSERM U1065, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire C3M, Team "Metabolism and Cancer," Nice, France
| | - Cindy Meziat
- INSERM UMR1065, Mediterranean Center of Molecular Medicine C3M, Team "Cellular and Molecular Physiopathology of Obesity and Diabetes," Nice, France; Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - Franck Ceppo
- INSERM UMR1065, Mediterranean Center of Molecular Medicine C3M, Team "Cellular and Molecular Physiopathology of Obesity and Diabetes," Nice, France; Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - Bastien Vergoni
- INSERM UMR1065, Mediterranean Center of Molecular Medicine C3M, Team "Cellular and Molecular Physiopathology of Obesity and Diabetes," Nice, France; Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - Mansour Djedaini
- INSERM UMR1065, Mediterranean Center of Molecular Medicine C3M, Team "Cellular and Molecular Physiopathology of Obesity and Diabetes," Nice, France; Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - Antoine Soprani
- Sorbonne Université, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, INSERM, UMR S_1138 Cordeliers Research Center, Paris, France; Clinique Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, Ramsey Générale de Santé, Paris, France
| | - Karine Dumas
- INSERM UMR1065, Mediterranean Center of Molecular Medicine C3M, Team "Cellular and Molecular Physiopathology of Obesity and Diabetes," Nice, France; Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - Arnaud Jacquel
- Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France; INSERM U1065, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire C3M, Team "Cell Death, Differentiation, and Cancer," Nice, France
| | - Laurent Yvan-Charvet
- Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France; INSERM U1065, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire C3M, Team "Metabolism and Cancer," Nice, France
| | - Nicolas Venteclef
- Sorbonne Université, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, INSERM, UMR S_1138 Cordeliers Research Center, Paris, France
| | - Jean-François Tanti
- INSERM UMR1065, Mediterranean Center of Molecular Medicine C3M, Team "Cellular and Molecular Physiopathology of Obesity and Diabetes," Nice, France; Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - Mireille Cormont
- INSERM UMR1065, Mediterranean Center of Molecular Medicine C3M, Team "Cellular and Molecular Physiopathology of Obesity and Diabetes," Nice, France; Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France.
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31
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The effects of myo-inositol and probiotic supplementation in a high-fat-fed preclinical model of glucose intolerance in pregnancy. Br J Nutr 2019; 123:516-528. [DOI: 10.1017/s0007114519003039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
AbstractGlucose intolerance during pregnancy – a major driver of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) – has significant short- and long-term health consequences for both the mother and child. As GDM prevalence continues to escalate, there is growing need for preventative strategies. There is limited but suggestive evidence that myo-inositol (MI) and probiotics (PB) could improve glucose tolerance during pregnancy. The present study tested the hypothesis that MI and/or PB supplementation would reduce the risk of glucose intolerance during pregnancy. Female C57BL/6 mice were randomised to receive either no treatment, MI, PB (Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Bifidobacterium lactis) or both (MIPB) for 5 weeks. They were then provided with a high-fat diet for 1 week before mating commenced and throughout mating/gestation, while remaining on their respective treatments. An oral glucose tolerance test occurred at gestational day (GD) 16·5 and tissue collection at GD 18·5. Neither MI nor PB, separately or combined, improved glucose tolerance. However, MI and PB both independently increased adipose tissue expression of Ir, Irs1, Akt2 and Pck1, and PB also increased Pparγ. MI was associated with reduced gestational weight gain, whilst PB was associated with increased maternal fasting glucose, total cholesterol and pancreas weight. These results suggest that MI and PB may improve insulin intracellular signalling in adipose tissue but this did not translate to meaningful differences in glucose tolerance. The absence of fasting hyperglycaemia or insulin resistance suggests this is a very mild model of GDM, which may have affected our ability to assess the impact of these nutrients.
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32
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Jiang N, Li Y, Shu T, Wang J. Cytokines and inflammation in adipogenesis: an updated review. Front Med 2019; 13:314-329. [PMID: 30066061 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-018-0625-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The biological relevance of cytokines is known for more than 20 years. Evidence suggests that adipogenesis is one of the biological events involved in the regulation of cytokines, and pro-inflammatory cytokines (e.g., TNFα and IL-1β) inhibit adipogenesis through various pathways. This inhibitory effect can constrain the hyperplastic expandability of adipose tissues. Meanwhile, chronic low-grade inflammation is commonly observed in obese populations. In some individuals, the impaired ability of adipose tissues to recruit new adipocytes to adipose depots during overnutrition results in adipocyte hypertrophy, ectopic lipid accumulation, and insulin resistance. Intervention studies showed that pro-inflammatory cytokine antagonists improve metabolism in patients with metabolic syndrome. This review focuses on the cytokines currently known to regulate adipogenesis under physiological and pathophysiological circumstances. Recent studies on how inhibited adipogenesis leads to metabolic disorders were summarized. Although the interplay of cytokines and lipid metabolism is yet incompletely understood, cytokines represent a class of potential therapeutic targets in the treatment of metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Pathophysiology, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Yao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Pathophysiology, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Ting Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Pathophysiology, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Pathophysiology, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China.
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33
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Zhu Q, Glazier BJ, Hinkel BC, Cao J, Liu L, Liang C, Shi H. Neuroendocrine Regulation of Energy Metabolism Involving Different Types of Adipose Tissues. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E2707. [PMID: 31159462 PMCID: PMC6600468 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20112707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite tremendous research efforts to identify regulatory factors that control energy metabolism, the prevalence of obesity has been continuously rising, with nearly 40% of US adults being obese. Interactions between secretory factors from adipose tissues and the nervous system innervating adipose tissues play key roles in maintaining energy metabolism and promoting survival in response to metabolic challenges. It is currently accepted that there are three types of adipose tissues, white (WAT), brown (BAT), and beige (BeAT), all of which play essential roles in maintaining energy homeostasis. WAT mainly stores energy under positive energy balance, while it releases fuels under negative energy balance. Thermogenic BAT and BeAT dissipate energy as heat under cold exposure to maintain body temperature. Adipose tissues require neural and endocrine communication with the brain. A number of WAT adipokines and BAT batokines interact with the neural circuits extending from the brain to cooperatively regulate whole-body lipid metabolism and energy homeostasis. We review neuroanatomical, histological, genetic, and pharmacological studies in neuroendocrine regulation of adipose function, including lipid storage and mobilization of WAT, non-shivering thermogenesis of BAT, and browning of BeAT. Recent whole-tissue imaging and transcriptome analysis of differential gene expression in WAT and BAT yield promising findings to better understand the interaction between secretory factors and neural circuits, which represents a novel opportunity to tackle obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhu
- Program of Physiology and Neuroscience, Department of Biology, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA.
| | - Bradley J Glazier
- Program of Physiology and Neuroscience, Department of Biology, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA.
| | - Benjamin C Hinkel
- Program of Physiology and Neuroscience, Department of Biology, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA.
| | - Jingyi Cao
- Program of Physiology and Neuroscience, Department of Biology, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA.
| | - Lin Liu
- Program of Bioinformatics, Department of Biology, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA.
| | - Chun Liang
- Program of Bioinformatics, Department of Biology, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA.
| | - Haifei Shi
- Program of Physiology and Neuroscience, Department of Biology, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA.
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34
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Wu Z, Xu J, Tan J, Song Y, Liu L, Zhang F, Zhang Y, Li X, Chi Y, Liu Y. Mesenteric adipose tissue B lymphocytes promote local and hepatic inflammation in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease mice. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:3375-3385. [PMID: 30772951 PMCID: PMC6484337 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenteric adipose tissue (MAT) inflammation is associated with non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and immune cells play pivotal roles in the inflammation of adipose tissue. Here, we investigated the roles of MAT B lymphocytes in NAFLD. Mice fed with high‐fat diet (HFD) and normal diet (ND) were killed in time gradients (4, 8 and 12 weeks). Compared with ND‐fed mice, intra‐hepatic CD45+CD19+ B lymphocytes increased after 4 weeks (P < 0.01) of HFD feeding, and lasted until the 12th week, infiltrated earlier than CD45+CD3+ T lymphocytes and CD45+F4/80+ macrophages. The mRNA expression of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)‐α, interleukin (IL)‐6 and monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)‐1 decreased in MAT of Bnull HFD‐fed mice compared to that in wild‐type HFD‐fed mice, along with lesser macrophages. Mesenteric adipose tissue B cells from HFD‐fed mice promoted macrophage differentiation to type‐Ι macrophages and expression of pro‐inflammatory cytokines in vitro. Macrophages pre‐treated with MAT B cells from HFD‐fed mice showed elevated mRNA expression of IL‐6 and TNF‐α and declined IL‐10 levels in adipocytes compared to ND MAT B cell pre‐treated macrophages. Besides, internal near‐infrared scanning and external transwell assay showed that HFD MAT B cells migrated to the liver more than ND MAT B cells. High‐fat diet MAT B cells induced higher MCP‐1 and lower IL‐10 expression in primary hepatocytes compared to ND MAT B cells in co‐culture experiment. These data indicate that B lymphocytes infiltrate early in MAT during the development of NAFLD, which may not only promote MAT inflammation by regulating macrophages but also migrate to the liver and induce hepatocytes inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China.,Clinical Center of Immune-Mediated Digestive Diseases, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Jun Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China.,Clinical Center of Immune-Mediated Digestive Diseases, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Jiang Tan
- Gerontology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yang Song
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China.,Clinical Center of Immune-Mediated Digestive Diseases, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Ling Liu
- Department of Central Laboratory & Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China.,Clinical Center of Immune-Mediated Digestive Diseases, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yifan Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China.,Clinical Center of Immune-Mediated Digestive Diseases, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Xia Li
- Gerontology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yujing Chi
- Department of Central Laboratory & Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yulan Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China.,Clinical Center of Immune-Mediated Digestive Diseases, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
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35
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Gligorovska L, Bursać B, Kovačević S, Veličković N, Matić G, Djordjevic A. Mif deficiency promotes adiposity in fructose-fed mice. J Endocrinol 2019; 240:133-145. [PMID: 30400058 DOI: 10.1530/joe-18-0333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a proinflammatory cytokine involved in inflammation, regulation of energy metabolism and glucocorticoid action. Chronic low-grade inflammation may be caused by fructose intake, contributing to visceral adipose tissue (VAT) dysfunction. Since MIF is a known antagonist of glucocorticoid signaling, and deregulated glucocorticoid signaling can contribute to lipid metabolism disturbances, we hypothesized that altered MIF signaling might underlie fructose-induced adiposity through glucocorticoid action. We analyzed physiological and biochemical parameters, adipose tissue histology, insulin sensitivity and lipid metabolism in WT and MIF-/- C57Bl/6J mice consuming 20% fructose solution for 9 weeks. Glucocorticoid prereceptor metabolism and glucocorticoid receptor (GR) protein level were examined in VAT, together with the expression of glucocorticoid-target genes involved in lipid metabolism. The expression of adipogenic and lipogenic transcriptional regulators peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARG) and sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c (SREBP1c) was also assessed. Results showed disturbed insulin sensitivity in all MIF-/- mice, regardless of the diet. Mice on fructose diet had increased energy intake, but increased visceral adiposity and enlarged adipocytes were observed only in fructose-fed MIF-/- mice. Increased VAT corticosterone level and 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1, hexose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and GR protein levels were observed in the same animals, together with induced expression of examined lipogenic genes and accumulation of PPARG and SREBP1c. In conclusion, the results showed that dietary fructose was associated with increased visceral adiposity through activation of GR-regulated lipogenic genes, but only in the absence of MIF, which set the state of hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ljupka Gligorovska
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Biological Research 'Siniša Stanković', University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Biljana Bursać
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Biological Research 'Siniša Stanković', University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sanja Kovačević
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Biological Research 'Siniša Stanković', University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nataša Veličković
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Biological Research 'Siniša Stanković', University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Gordana Matić
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Biological Research 'Siniša Stanković', University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ana Djordjevic
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Biological Research 'Siniša Stanković', University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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36
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Kuipers EN, Kantae V, Maarse BCE, van den Berg SM, van Eenige R, Nahon KJ, Reifel-Miller A, Coskun T, de Winther MPJ, Lutgens E, Kooijman S, Harms AC, Hankemeier T, van der Stelt M, Rensen PCN, Boon MR. High Fat Diet Increases Circulating Endocannabinoids Accompanied by Increased Synthesis Enzymes in Adipose Tissue. Front Physiol 2019; 9:1913. [PMID: 30687125 PMCID: PMC6335353 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The endocannabinoid system (ECS) controls energy balance by regulating both energy intake and energy expenditure. Endocannabinoid levels are elevated in obesity suggesting a potential causal relationship. This study aimed to elucidate the rate of dysregulation of the ECS, and the metabolic organs involved, in diet-induced obesity. Eight groups of age-matched male C57Bl/6J mice were randomized to receive a chow diet (control) or receive a high fat diet (HFD, 45% of calories derived from fat) ranging from 1 day up to 18 weeks before euthanasia. Plasma levels of the endocannabinoids 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) and anandamide (N-arachidonoylethanolamine, AEA), and related N-acylethanolamines, were quantified by UPLC-MS/MS and gene expression of components of the ECS was determined in liver, muscle, white adipose tissue (WAT) and brown adipose tissue (BAT) during the course of diet-induced obesity development. HFD feeding gradually increased 2-AG (+132% within 4 weeks, P < 0.05), accompanied by upregulated expression of its synthesizing enzymes Daglα and β in WAT and BAT. HFD also rapidly increased AEA (+81% within 1 week, P < 0.01), accompanied by increased expression of its synthesizing enzyme Nape-pld, specifically in BAT. Interestingly, Nape-pld expression in BAT correlated with plasma AEA levels (R 2 = 0.171, β = 0.276, P < 0.001). We conclude that a HFD rapidly activates adipose tissue depots to increase the synthesis pathways of endocannabinoids that may aggravate the development of HFD-induced obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eline N Kuipers
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands.,Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Vasudev Kantae
- Division of Systems Biomedicine and Pharmacology, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Boukje C Eveleens Maarse
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands.,Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Susan M van den Berg
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Robin van Eenige
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands.,Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Kimberly J Nahon
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands.,Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Anne Reifel-Miller
- Department of Diabetes/Endocrine, Lilly Research Laboratories, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Tamer Coskun
- Department of Diabetes/Endocrine, Lilly Research Laboratories, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Menno P J de Winther
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Esther Lutgens
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sander Kooijman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands.,Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands.,Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Amy C Harms
- Division of Systems Biomedicine and Pharmacology, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Thomas Hankemeier
- Division of Systems Biomedicine and Pharmacology, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Mario van der Stelt
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Patrick C N Rensen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands.,Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Mariëtte R Boon
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands.,Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
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37
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Reduced Number of Adipose Lineage and Endothelial Cells in Epididymal fat in Response to Omega-3 PUFA in Mice Fed High-Fat Diet. Mar Drugs 2018; 16:md16120515. [PMID: 30567329 PMCID: PMC6316446 DOI: 10.3390/md16120515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We found previously that white adipose tissue (WAT) hyperplasia in obese mice was limited by dietary omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (omega-3 PUFA). Here we aimed to characterize the underlying mechanism. C57BL/6N mice were fed a high-fat diet supplemented or not with omega-3 PUFA for one week or eight weeks; mice fed a standard chow diet were also used. In epididymal WAT (eWAT), DNA content was quantified, immunohistochemical analysis was used to reveal the size of adipocytes and macrophage content, and lipidomic analysis and a gene expression screen were performed to assess inflammatory status. The stromal-vascular fraction of eWAT, which contained most of the eWAT cells, except for adipocytes, was characterized using flow cytometry. Omega-3 PUFA supplementation limited the high-fat diet-induced increase in eWAT weight, cell number (DNA content), inflammation, and adipocyte growth. eWAT hyperplasia was compromised due to the limited increase in the number of preadipocytes and a decrease in the number of endothelial cells. The number of leukocytes and macrophages was unaffected, but a shift in macrophage polarization towards a less inflammatory phenotype was observed. Our results document that the counteraction of eWAT hyperplasia by omega-3 PUFA in dietary-obese mice reflects an effect on the number of adipose lineage and endothelial cells.
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38
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van Loon NM, Ottenhoff R, Kooijman S, Moeton M, Scheij S, Roscam Abbing RL, Gijbels MJ, Levels JH, Sorrentino V, Berbée JF, Rensen PC, Zelcer N. Inactivation of the E3 Ubiquitin Ligase IDOL Attenuates Diet-Induced Obesity and Metabolic Dysfunction in Mice. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2018; 38:1785-1795. [PMID: 29903737 PMCID: PMC6092113 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.118.311168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Objective- The E3 ubiquitin ligase IDOL (inducible degrader of the LDLR [LDL (low-density lipoprotein) receptor]) is a post-transcriptional regulator of LDLR abundance. Model systems and human genetics support a role for IDOL in regulating circulating LDL levels. Whether IDOL plays a broader metabolic role and affects development of metabolic syndrome-associated comorbidities is unknown. Approach and Results- We studied WT (wild type) and Idol(-/-) (Idol-KO) mice in 2 models: physiological aging and diet-induced obesity. In both models, deletion of Idol protected mice from metabolic dysfunction. On a Western-type diet, Idol loss resulted in decreased circulating levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, and insulin. This was accompanied by protection from weight gain in short- and long-term dietary challenges, which could be attributed to reduced hepatosteatosis and fat mass in Idol-KO mice. Although feeding and intestinal fat uptake were unchanged in Idol-KO mice, their brown adipose tissue was protected from lipid accumulation and had elevated expression of UCP1 (uncoupling protein 1) and TH (tyrosine hydroxylase). Indirect calorimetry indicated a marked increase in locomotion and suggested a trend toward increased cumulative energy expenditure and fat oxidation. An increase in in vivo clearance of reconstituted lipoprotein particles in Idol-KO mice may sustain this energetic demand. In the BXD mouse genetic reference population, hepatic Idol expression correlates with multiple metabolic parameters, thus providing support for findings in the Idol-KO mice. Conclusions- Our study uncovers an unrecognized role for Idol in regulation of whole body metabolism in physiological aging and on a Western-type diet. These findings support Idol inhibition as a therapeutic strategy to target multiple metabolic syndrome-associated comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nienke M. van Loon
- From the Department of Medical Biochemistry (N.M.v.L., R.O., M.M., S.S., M.J.J.G., N.Z.)
| | - Roelof Ottenhoff
- From the Department of Medical Biochemistry (N.M.v.L., R.O., M.M., S.S., M.J.J.G., N.Z.)
| | - Sander Kooijman
- Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands (S.K., J.F.P.B., P.C.N.R.)
| | - Martina Moeton
- From the Department of Medical Biochemistry (N.M.v.L., R.O., M.M., S.S., M.J.J.G., N.Z.)
| | - Saskia Scheij
- From the Department of Medical Biochemistry (N.M.v.L., R.O., M.M., S.S., M.J.J.G., N.Z.)
| | | | - Marion J.J. Gijbels
- From the Department of Medical Biochemistry (N.M.v.L., R.O., M.M., S.S., M.J.J.G., N.Z.)
- Department of Molecular Genetics (M.J.J.G.)
| | | | - Vincenzo Sorrentino
- CARIM, Maastricht University, The Netherlands; and Laboratory for Integrative and Systems Physiology, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland (V.S.)
| | - Jimmy F.P. Berbée
- Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands (S.K., J.F.P.B., P.C.N.R.)
| | - Patrick C.N. Rensen
- Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands (S.K., J.F.P.B., P.C.N.R.)
| | - Noam Zelcer
- From the Department of Medical Biochemistry (N.M.v.L., R.O., M.M., S.S., M.J.J.G., N.Z.)
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Inhibitory role of oxytocin on TNFα expression assessed in vitro and in vivo. DIABETES & METABOLISM 2018; 44:292-295. [DOI: 10.1016/j.diabet.2017.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Hoving LR, van der Zande HJP, Pronk A, Guigas B, Willems van Dijk K, van Harmelen V. Dietary yeast-derived mannan oligosaccharides have immune-modulatory properties but do not improve high fat diet-induced obesity and glucose intolerance. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0196165. [PMID: 29723205 PMCID: PMC5933760 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0196165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The indigestible mannan oligosaccharides (MOS) derived from the outer cell wall of yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae have shown potential to reduce inflammation. Since inflammation is one of the underlying mechanisms involved in the development of obesity-associated metabolic dysfunctions, we aimed to determine the effect of dietary supplementation with MOS on inflammation and metabolic homeostasis in lean and diet-induced obese mice. Male C57BL/6 mice were fed either a low fat diet (LFD) or a high fat diet (HFD) with, respectively, 10% or 45% energy derived from lard fat, with or without 1% MOS for 17 weeks. Body weight and composition were measured throughout the study. After 12 weeks of intervention, whole-body glucose tolerance was assessed and in week 17 immune cell composition was determined in mesenteric white adipose tissue (mWAT) and liver by flow cytometry and RT-qPCR. In LFD-fed mice, MOS supplementation induced a significant increase in the abundance of macrophages and eosinophils in mWAT. A similar trend was observed in hepatic macrophages. Although HFD feeding induced a classical shift from the anti-inflammatory M2-like macrophages towards the pro-inflammatory M1-like macrophages in both mWAT and liver from control mice, MOS supplementation had no effect on this obesity-driven immune response. Finally, MOS supplementation did not improve whole-body glucose homeostasis in both lean and obese mice.Altogether, our data showed that MOS had extra-intestinal immune modulatory properties in mWAT and liver. However these effects were not substantial enough to significantly ameliorate HFD-induced glucose intolerance or inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa R. Hoving
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Amanda Pronk
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Bruno Guigas
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ko Willems van Dijk
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Medicine, division Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Vanessa van Harmelen
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Schoettl T, Fischer IP, Ussar S. Heterogeneity of adipose tissue in development and metabolic function. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [PMID: 29514879 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.162958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Adipose tissue is a central metabolic organ. Unlike other organs, adipose tissue is compartmentalized into individual depots and distributed throughout the body. These different adipose depots show major functional differences and risk associations for developing metabolic syndrome. Recent advances in lineage tracing demonstrate that individual adipose depots are composed of adipocytes that are derived from distinct precursor populations, giving rise to different populations of energy-storing white adipocytes. Moreover, distinct lineages of energy-dissipating brown and beige adipocytes exist in discrete depots or within white adipose tissue depots. In this Review, we discuss developmental and functional heterogeneity, as well as sexual dimorphism, between and within individual adipose tissue depots. We highlight current data relating to the differences between subcutaneous and visceral white adipose tissue in the development of metabolic dysfunction, with special emphasis on adipose tissue expansion and remodeling of the extracellular matrix. Moreover, we provide a detailed overview of adipose tissue development as well as the consensus and controversies relating to adult adipocyte precursor populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Schoettl
- JRG Adipocytes and Metabolism, Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center at Helmholtz Center Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Ingrid P Fischer
- JRG Adipocytes and Metabolism, Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center at Helmholtz Center Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.,Division of Metabolic Diseases, Department of Medicine, Technische Universität München, 80333 Munich, Germany
| | - Siegfried Ussar
- JRG Adipocytes and Metabolism, Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center at Helmholtz Center Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany .,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
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Jonker JT, de Heer P, Engelse MA, van Rossenberg EH, Klessens CQF, Baelde HJ, Bajema IM, Koopmans SJ, Coelho PG, Streefland TCM, Webb AG, Dekkers IA, Rabelink TJ, Rensen PCN, Lamb HJ, de Vries APJ. Metabolic imaging of fatty kidney in diabesity: validation and dietary intervention. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2018; 33:224-230. [PMID: 28992141 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfx243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Obesity and type 2 diabetes have not only been linked to fatty liver, but also to fatty kidney and chronic kidney disease. Since non-invasive tools are lacking to study fatty kidney in clinical studies, we explored agreement between proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) and enzymatic assessment of renal triglyceride content (without and with dietary intervention). We further studied the correlation between fatty kidney and fatty liver. Methods Triglyceride content in the renal cortex was measured by 1H-MRS on a 7-Tesla scanner in 27 pigs, among which 15 minipigs had been randomized to a 7-month control diet, cafeteria diet (CAF) or CAF with low-dose streptozocin (CAF-S) to induce insulin-independent diabetes. Renal biopsies were taken from corresponding MRS-voxel locations. Additionally, liver biopsies were taken and triglyceride content in all biopsies was measured by enzymatic assay. Results Renal triglyceride content measured by 1H-MRS and enzymatic assay correlated positively (r = 0.86, P < 0.0001). Compared with control diet-fed minipigs, renal triglyceride content was higher in CAF-S-fed minipigs (137 ± 51 nmol/mg protein, mean ± standard error of the mean, P < 0.05), but not in CAF-fed minipigs (60 ± 10 nmol/mg protein) compared with controls (40 ± 6 nmol/mg protein). Triglyceride contents in liver and kidney biopsies were strongly correlated (r = 0.97, P < 0.001). Conclusions Non-invasive measurement of renal triglyceride content by 1H-MRS closely predicts triglyceride content as measured enzymatically in biopsies, and fatty kidney appears to develop parallel to fatty liver. 1H-MRS may be a valuable tool to explore the role of fatty kidney in obesity and type 2 diabetic nephropathy in humans in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline T Jonker
- Department of Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Paul de Heer
- Department of Radiology, C.J. Gorter Center for High Field MR, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marten A Engelse
- Department of Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Celine Q F Klessens
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Hans J Baelde
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ingeborg M Bajema
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Sietse Jan Koopmans
- Animal Science Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Paulo G Coelho
- Department of Biomaterials and Biomimetics, New York University College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Trea C M Streefland
- Department of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Andrew G Webb
- Department of Radiology, C.J. Gorter Center for High Field MR, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ilona A Dekkers
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ton J Rabelink
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick C N Rensen
- Department of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Hildo J Lamb
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Aiko P J de Vries
- Department of Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Cai X, Hayashi S, Fang C, Hao S, Wang X, Nishiguchi S, Tsutsui H, Sheng J. Pu'erh tea extract-mediated protection against hepatosteatosis and insulin resistance in mice with diet-induced obesity is associated with the induction of de novo lipogenesis in visceral adipose tissue. J Gastroenterol 2017; 52:1240-1251. [PMID: 28364190 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-017-1332-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND White adipose tissue (WAT) is important for the maintenance of metabolic homeostasis, and metabolic syndrome is sometimes associated with WAT dysfunction in humans and animals. WAT reportedly plays a key, beneficial role in the maintenance of glucose and lipid homeostasis during de novo lipogenesis (DNL). Pu'erh tea extract (PTE) can inhibit harmful, ectopic DNL in the liver, thus protecting against hepatosteatosis, in mice with diet-induced obesity. We examined whether PTE could induce DNL in WAT and consequently protect against hepatosteatosis. METHODS C57BL/6 male mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) with/without PTE for 16 weeks. Systemic insulin sensitivity was determined using HOMA-IR, insulin- and glucose-tolerance tests, and WAT adipogenesis was evaluated by histological analysis. Adipogenesis-, inflammation-, and DNL-related gene expression in visceral AT (VAT) and subcutaneous AT (SAT) was measured using quantitative reverse transcription-PCR. Regression analysis was used to investigate the association between DNL in WAT and systemic insulin resistance or hepatosteatosis. RESULTS Pu'erh tea extract significantly reduced the gain of body weight and SAT, but not VAT adiposity, in mice fed the high-fat diet and induced adipogenesis in VAT. The expression of DNL-related genes, including Glut4, encoding an important insulin-regulated glucose transporter (GLUT4), were highly elevated in VAT. Moreover, PTE inhibited VAT inflammation by simultaneously downregulating inflammatory molecules and inducing expression of Gpr120 that encodes an anti-inflammatory and pro-adipogenesis receptor (GPR-120) that recognizes unsaturated long-chain fatty acids, including DNL products. The expression of DNL-related genes in VAT was inversely correlated with hepatosteatosis and systemic insulin resistance. CONCLUSIONS Activation of DNL in VAT may explain PTE-mediated alleviation of hepatosteatosis symptoms and systemic insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianbin Cai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1 Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, 663-8501, Japan
| | - Shuhei Hayashi
- Department of Microbiology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
- Department of Pu-erh Tea and Medical Science, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Chongye Fang
- Department of Pu-erh Tea and Medical Science, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
- Key Laboratory of Pu-erh Tea Science, The Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
| | | | - Xuanjun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pu-erh Tea Science, The Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Kunming, China
| | - Shuhei Nishiguchi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1 Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, 663-8501, Japan.
| | - Hiroko Tsutsui
- Department of Microbiology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
- Department of Pu-erh Tea and Medical Science, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Jun Sheng
- Key Laboratory of Pu-erh Tea Science, The Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China.
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Kunming, China.
- Pu'erh Tea Research Institute, Pu'erh, China.
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Paalvast Y, Gerding A, Wang Y, Bloks VW, van Dijk TH, Havinga R, Willems van Dijk K, Rensen PCN, Bakker BM, Kuivenhoven JA, Groen AK. Male apoE*3-Leiden.CETP mice on high-fat high-cholesterol diet exhibit a biphasic dyslipidemic response, mimicking the changes in plasma lipids observed through life in men. Physiol Rep 2017; 5:e13376. [PMID: 29038350 PMCID: PMC5641925 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Revised: 07/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Physiological adaptations resulting in the development of the metabolic syndrome in man occur over a time span of several decades. This combined with the prohibitive financial cost and ethical concerns to measure key metabolic parameters repeatedly in subjects for the major part of their life span makes that comprehensive longitudinal human data sets are virtually nonexistent. While experimental mice are often used, little is known whether this species is in fact an adequate model to better understand the mechanisms that drive the metabolic syndrome in man. We took up the challenge to study the response of male apoE*3-Leiden.CETP mice (with a humanized lipid profile) to a high-fat high-cholesterol diet for 6 months. Study parameters include body weight, food intake, plasma and liver lipids, hepatic transcriptome, VLDL - triglyceride production and importantly the use of stable isotopes to measure hepatic de novo lipogenesis, gluconeogenesis, and biliary/fecal sterol secretion to assess metabolic fluxes. The key observations include (1) high inter-individual variation; (2) a largely unaffected hepatic transcriptome at 2, 3, and 6 months; (3) a biphasic response curve of the main metabolic features over time; and (4) maximum insulin resistance preceding dyslipidemia. The biphasic response in plasma triglyceride and total cholesterol appears to mimic that of men in cross-sectional studies. Combined, these observations suggest that studies such as these can help to delineate the causes of metabolic derangements in patients suffering from metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yared Paalvast
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Albert Gerding
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Yanan Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department Medicine, Division Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Vincent W Bloks
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Theo H van Dijk
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Rick Havinga
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ko Willems van Dijk
- Department Medicine, Division Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick C N Rensen
- Department Medicine, Division Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Barbara M Bakker
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Albert Kuivenhoven
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Albert K Groen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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van den Berg SM, van Dam AD, Kusters PJH, Beckers L, den Toom M, van der Velden S, Van den Bossche J, van Die I, Boon MR, Rensen PCN, Lutgens E, de Winther MPJ. Helminth antigens counteract a rapid high-fat diet-induced decrease in adipose tissue eosinophils. J Mol Endocrinol 2017; 59:245-255. [PMID: 28694301 DOI: 10.1530/jme-17-0112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) activation and white adipose tissue (WAT) beiging can increase energy expenditure and have the potential to reduce obesity and associated diseases. The immune system is a potential target in mediating brown and beige adipocyte activation. Type 2 and anti-inflammatory immune cells contribute to metabolic homeostasis within lean WAT, with a prominent role for eosinophils and interleukin (IL)-4-induced anti-inflammatory macrophages. We determined eosinophil numbers in epididymal WAT (EpAT), subcutaneous WAT (ScAT) and BAT after 1 day, 3 days or 1 week of high-fat diet (HFD) feeding in C57Bl/6 mice. One day of HFD resulted in a rapid drop in eosinophil numbers in EpAT and BAT, and after 3 days, in ScAT. In an attempt to restore this HFD-induced drop in adipose tissue eosinophils, we treated 1-week HFD-fed mice with helminth antigens from Schistosoma mansoni or Trichuris suis and evaluated whether the well-known protective metabolic effects of helminth antigens involves BAT activation or beiging. Indeed, antigens of both helminth species induced high numbers of eosinophils in EpAT, but failed to induce beiging. In ScAT, Schistosoma mansoni antigens induced mild eosinophilia, which was accompanied by slightly more beiging. No effects were observed in BAT. To study type 2 responses on brown adipocytes directly, T37i cells were stimulated with IL-4. This increased Ucp1 expression and strongly induced the production of eosinophil chemoattractant CCL11 (+26-fold), revealing that brown adipocytes themselves can attract eosinophils. Our findings indicate that helminth antigen-induced eosinophilia fails to induce profound beiging of white adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan M van den Berg
- Department of Medical BiochemistryExperimental Vascular Biology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Andrea D van Dam
- Department of MedicineDivision Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular MedicineLeiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Pascal J H Kusters
- Department of Medical BiochemistryExperimental Vascular Biology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Linda Beckers
- Department of Medical BiochemistryExperimental Vascular Biology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Myrthe den Toom
- Department of Medical BiochemistryExperimental Vascular Biology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Saskia van der Velden
- Department of Medical BiochemistryExperimental Vascular Biology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Van den Bossche
- Department of Medical BiochemistryExperimental Vascular Biology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Irma van Die
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and ImmunologyVU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mariëtte R Boon
- Department of MedicineDivision Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular MedicineLeiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick C N Rensen
- Department of MedicineDivision Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular MedicineLeiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Esther Lutgens
- Department of Medical BiochemistryExperimental Vascular Biology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK)Ludwig Maximilian's University, Munich, Germany
| | - Menno P J de Winther
- Department of Medical BiochemistryExperimental Vascular Biology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK)Ludwig Maximilian's University, Munich, Germany
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Adipose Tissue Function and Expandability as Determinants of Lipotoxicity and the Metabolic Syndrome. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 960:161-196. [PMID: 28585199 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-48382-5_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The adipose tissue organ is organised as distinct anatomical depots located all along the body axis and it is constituted of three different types of adipocytes : white, beige and brown which are integrated with vascular, immune, neural and extracellular stroma cells. These distinct adipocytes serve different specialised functions. The main function of white adipocytes is to ensure healthy storage of excess nutrients/energy and its rapid mobilisation to supply the demand of energy imposed by physiological cues in other organs, whereas brown and beige adipocytes are designed for heat production through uncoupling lipid oxidation from energy production. The concert action of the three type of adipocytes/tissues has been reported to ensure an optimal metabolic status in rodents. However, when one or multiple of these adipose depots become dysfunctional as a consequence of sustained lipid/nutrient overload, then insulin resistance and associated metabolic complications ensue. These metabolic alterations negatively affects the adipose tissue functionality and compromises global metabolic homeostasis. Optimising white adipose tissue expandability and its functional metabolic flexibility and/or promoting brown/beige mediated thermogenic activity counteracts obesity and its associated lipotoxic metabolic effects. The development of these therapeutic approaches requires a deep understanding of adipose tissue in all broad aspects. In this chapter we will discuss the characteristics of the different adipose tissue depots with respect to origins and precursors recruitment, plasticity, cellular composition and expandability capacity as well as molecular and metabolic signatures in both physiological and pathophysiological conditions.
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van Dam AD, van Beek L, Pronk ACM, van den Berg SM, Van den Bossche J, de Winther MPJ, Koning F, van Kooten C, Rensen PCN, Boon MR, Verbeek JS, van Dijk KW, van Harmelen V. IgG is elevated in obese white adipose tissue but does not induce glucose intolerance via Fcγ-receptor or complement. Int J Obes (Lond) 2017; 42:260-269. [PMID: 28852207 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2017.209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Revised: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES In obesity, B cells accumulate in white adipose tissue (WAT) and produce IgG, which may contribute to the development of glucose intolerance. IgG signals by binding to Fcγ receptors (FcγR) and by activating the complement system. The aim of our study was to investigate whether activation of FcγR and/or complement C3 mediates the development of high-fat diet-induced glucose intolerance. METHODS We studied mice lacking all four FcγRs (FcγRI/II/III/IV-/-), only the inhibitory FcγRIIb (FcγRIIb-/-), only the central component of the complement system C3 (C3-/-), and mice lacking both FcγRs and C3 (FcγRI/II/III/IV/C3-/-). All mouse models and wild-type controls were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 15 weeks to induce obesity. Glucose metabolism was assessed and adipose tissue was characterized for inflammation and adipocyte functionality. RESULTS In obese WAT of wild-type mice, B cells (+142%, P<0.01) and IgG (+128% P<0.01) were increased compared to lean WAT. Macrophages of FcγRI/II/III/IV-/-mice released lower levels of cytokines compared to wild-type mice upon IgG stimulation. Only C3-/- mice showed reduced HFD-induced weight gain as compared to controls (-18%, P<0.01). Surprisingly, FcγRI/II/III/IV-/- mice had deteriorated glucose tolerance (AUC +125%, P<0.001) despite reduced leukocyte number (-30%, P<0.05) in gonadal WAT (gWAT), whereas glucose tolerance and leukocytes within gWAT in the other models were unaffected compared to controls. Although IgG in gWAT was increased (+44 to +174%, P<0.05) in all mouse models lacking FcγRIIb, only FcγRI/II/III/IV/C3-/- mice exhibited appreciable alterations in immune cells in gWAT, for example, increased macrophages (+36%, P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Lack of FcγRs reduces the activity of macrophages upon IgG stimulation, but neither FcγR nor C3 deficiency protects against HFD-induced glucose intolerance or reduces adipose tissue inflammation. This indicates that if obesity-induced IgG contributes to the development of glucose intolerance, this is not mediated by FcγR or complement activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A D van Dam
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - L van Beek
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - A C M Pronk
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - S M van den Berg
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Subdivision of Experimental Vascular Biology, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J Van den Bossche
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Subdivision of Experimental Vascular Biology, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M P J de Winther
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Subdivision of Experimental Vascular Biology, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - F Koning
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - C van Kooten
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - P C N Rensen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - M R Boon
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - J S Verbeek
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - K Willems van Dijk
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - V van Harmelen
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Katiraei S, Hoving LR, van Beek L, Mohamedhoesein S, Carlotti F, van Diepen JA, Rensen PCN, Netea MG, Willems van Dijk K, Berbée JFP, van Harmelen V. BMT decreases HFD-induced weight gain associated with decreased preadipocyte number and insulin secretion. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0175524. [PMID: 28445487 PMCID: PMC5406023 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0175524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Experimental bone marrow transplantation (BMT) in mice is commonly used to assess the role of immune cell-specific genes in various pathophysiological settings. The application of BMT in obesity research is hampered by the significant reduction in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity. We set out to characterize metabolic tissues that may be affected by the BMT procedure and impair the HFD-induced response. Male C57BL/6 mice underwent syngeneic BMT using lethal irradiation. After a recovery period of 8 weeks they were fed a low-fat diet (LFD) or HFD for 16 weeks. HFD-induced obesity was reduced in mice after BMT as compared to HFD-fed control mice, characterized by both a reduced fat (-33%; p<0.01) and lean (-11%; p<0.01) mass, while food intake and energy expenditure were unaffected. As compared to control mice, BMT-treated mice had a reduced mature adipocyte volume (approx. -45%; p<0.05) and reduced numbers of preadipocytes (-38%; p<0.05) and macrophages (-62%; p<0.05) in subcutaneous, gonadal and visceral white adipose tissue. In BMT-treated mice, pancreas weight (-46%; p<0.01) was disproportionally decreased. This was associated with reduced plasma insulin (-68%; p<0.05) and C-peptide (-37%; p<0.01) levels and a delayed glucose clearance in BMT-treated mice on HFD as compared to control mice. In conclusion, the reduction in HFD-induced obesity after BMT in mice is at least partly due to alterations in the adipose tissue cell pool composition as well as to a decreased pancreatic secretion of the anabolic hormone insulin. These effects should be considered when interpreting results of experimental BMT in metabolic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Katiraei
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Lisa R Hoving
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Lianne van Beek
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Sharida Mohamedhoesein
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Françoise Carlotti
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Department of Medicine, division of Nephrology Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Patrick C N Rensen
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Department of Medicine, division of Endocrinology Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Mihai G Netea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud UMC, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ko Willems van Dijk
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Department of Medicine, division of Endocrinology Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jimmy F P Berbée
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Department of Medicine, division of Endocrinology Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Vanessa van Harmelen
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Prolonged high-fat diet induces gradual and fat depot-specific DNA methylation changes in adult mice. Sci Rep 2017; 7:43261. [PMID: 28256596 PMCID: PMC5335669 DOI: 10.1038/srep43261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
High-fat diets (HFD) are thought to contribute to the development of metabolism-related diseases. The long-term impact of HFD may be mediated by epigenetic mechanisms, and indeed, HFD has been reported to induce DNA methylation changes in white adipose tissue (WAT) near metabolism related genes. However, previous studies were limited to a single WAT depot, a single time-point and primarily examined the pre-pubertal period. To define dynamic DNA methylation patterns specific for WAT depots, we investigated DNA methylation of Pparg2 and Leptin in gonadal adipose tissue (GAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), at baseline and after 6, 12 and 24 weeks of HFD exposure in adult mice. HFD induced hypermethylation of both the Leptin promoter (max. 19.6% at week 24, P = 2.6·10−3) and the Pparg2 promoter in GAT (max. 10.5% at week 12, P = 0.001). The differential methylation was independent of immune cell infiltration upon HFD exposure. In contrast, no differential methylation in the Pparg2 and Leptin promoter was observed in SAT. Leptin and Pparg2 DNA methylation were correlated with gene expression in GAT. Our study shows that prolonged exposure to HFD in adulthood is associated with a gradually increasing DNA methylation level at the Leptin and Pparg2 promoters in a depot-specific manner.
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Cellular Mechanisms Driving Sex Differences in Adipose Tissue Biology and Body Shape in Humans and Mouse Models. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 1043:29-51. [PMID: 29224089 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-70178-3_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Sex differences in adipose tissue distribution and the metabolic, endocrine, and immune functions of different anatomical fat depots have been described, but they are incompletely documented in the literature. It is becoming increasingly clear that adipose depots serve distinct functions in males and females and have specific physiological roles. However, the mechanisms that regulate the size and function of specific adipose tissues in men and women remain poorly understood. New insights from mouse models have advanced our understanding of depot differences in adipose growth and remodeling via the proliferation and differentiation of adipose progenitors that can expand adipocyte number in the tissue or simply replace dysfunctional older and larger adipocytes. A limited ability of a depot to expand or remodel can lead to excessive adipocyte hypertrophy, which is often correlated with metabolic dysfunction. However, the relationship of adipocyte size and function varies by depot and sex. For example, femoral adipose tissues of premenopausal women appear to have a greater capacity for adipose expansion via hyperplasia and hypertrophy; although larger, these gluteal-femoral adipocytes remain insulin sensitive. The microenvironment of specific depots, including the composition of the extracellular matrix and cellular composition, as well as cell-autonomous genetic differences, influences sex- and depot-dependent metabolic and growth properties. Although there are some species differences, studies of the molecular and physiological determinants of sex differences in adipocyte growth and function in humans and rodents are both needed for understanding sex differences in health and disease.
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