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Faruk EM, Ibrahim F, El-Wafaey DI, El Sayed YMI, Hablas MGA, Hassan MM, Zaazaa AM, Kamal KM. Spirulina platensis shields the submandibular gland from cadmium toxicity by bolstering antioxidant defenses and maintaining its structural integrity. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 140:112851. [PMID: 39126733 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd), an element categorized as a non-essential transitional metal, has potential hazards to the health of both human beings and animals. Spirulina platensis (SP), a type of blue-green algae, possesses a high concentration of essential antioxidants. The present study aimed to explore the possible defensive role of SP against Cd-induced submandibular gland injury in rats by assessment of biomarkers related to both oxidative stress and inflammatory processes, which were further explored through histopathological examination of submandibular gland tissue. Consequently, the study included 32 mature rats, subdivided into four different groups as follows: control, SP, Cadmium chloride (CdCl2), and CdCl2/SP. The duration of the study was 24days. The results revealed that CdCl2 induced submandibular gland injury as shown by the oxidant/antioxidant imbalance and increased inflammatory reactions, in addition to, histopathological changes and overexpression of BAX immunostaining. Concurrent SP administration to CdCl2-treated rats significantly improved all these effects. We concluded that concurrent SP supplement improved the submandibular gland injury provoked by CdCl2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman Mohamed Faruk
- Anatomy Department, College of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha, Egypt.
| | - Fatma Ibrahim
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | | | | | | | - Mahmoud M Hassan
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Mohammed Zaazaa
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
| | - Kamal M Kamal
- Student at Faculty of Medicine, Benha National University, Benha Colleges in Cairo, Egypt
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Kozioł-Kozakowska A, Wójcik M, Herceg-Čavrak V, Cobal S, Radovanovic D, Alvarez-Pitti J, Hartgring I, Piórecka B, Gabbianelli R, Drożdż D. Dietary Strategies in the Prevention and Treatment of Hypertension in Children and Adolescents: A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2024; 16:2786. [PMID: 39203922 PMCID: PMC11357530 DOI: 10.3390/nu16162786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2024] [Revised: 08/11/2024] [Accepted: 08/17/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aims to gather information on effective dietary strategies for the prevention and treatment of hypertension (HTN) in children and adolescents. It discusses specific nutritional models such as the Diet Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH diet), traditional Asian diets, plant-based diets, the Southern European traditional Atlantic diet, and the Mediterranean diet, highlighting the benefits of these approaches. The manuscript also addresses dehydration resulting from insufficient fluid intake among children, as well as the consumption of inappropriate beverages, like soft drinks and energy drinks, which contributes to the development of HTN. Additionally, it examines the role of oxidative stress in the pathomechanism of HTN in children, particularly in relation to the antioxidant potential of food components such as selenium, magnesium, and selected vitamins. The relationship between sodium and potassium intake from food and the development of HTN in children is also explored. Finally, this study discusses public health strategies for the prevention of HTN in children. A comprehensive search was performed across multiple databases, such as PubMed/MEDLINE, the Cochrane Library, Science Direct, and EBSCO. This search focused on locating English-language meta-analyses, systematic reviews, randomized clinical trials, and observational studies from around the globe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Kozioł-Kozakowska
- Department of Pediatrics, Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Institute of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Wielicka 265 St., 30-663 Cracow, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Wójcik
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Endocrinology, Chair of Pediatrics, Institute of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Wielicka 265 St., 30-663 Cracow, Poland;
- University Children’s Hospital in Krakow, Wielicka 265 St., 30-663 Cracow, Poland;
| | - Vesna Herceg-Čavrak
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Libertas International University, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Sara Cobal
- Croatian Medical Association, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Dragan Radovanovic
- Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Nis, 18000 Nis, Serbia;
| | - Julio Alvarez-Pitti
- Pediatric Department, Consorcio Hospital General, University of Valencia, 46014 Valencia, Spain;
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Innovation in Paediatrics and Technologies-iPEDITEC—Research Group, Fundación de Investigación, Consorcio Hospital General, University of Valencia, 46014 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Isa Hartgring
- Innovation in Paediatrics and Technologies-iPEDITEC—Research Group, Fundación de Investigación, Consorcio Hospital General, University of Valencia, 46014 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Beata Piórecka
- Department of Nutrition and Drug Research, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Skawińska 8 St., 31-066 Cracow, Poland;
| | - Rosita Gabbianelli
- Unit of Molecular Biology and Nutrigenomics, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, MC, Italy;
| | - Dorota Drożdż
- University Children’s Hospital in Krakow, Wielicka 265 St., 30-663 Cracow, Poland;
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology and Hypertension, Chair of Pediatrics, Institute of Pediatrics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Wielicka 265 St., 30-663 Crakow, Poland
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Gallina ES, Caires TA, Cortés OEJ. Effects of light quality and intensity on phycobiliprotein productivity in two Leptolyngbya strains isolated from southern Bahia's Atlantic Forest. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2024; 96:e20230348. [PMID: 39166650 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202420230348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Cyanobacterial phycocyanin and phycoerythrin are gaining commercial interest due to their nutrition and healthcare values. This research analyzed the biomass accumulation and pigment production of two strains of Leptolyngbya under different combinations of light colors and intensities. The results showed that while Leptolyngbya sp.4 B1 (B1) produced all phycobiliproteins, Leptolyngbya sp.5 F2 (F2) only had phycocyanin and allophycocyanin. Both the color of the light and its light intensity affect the biomass accumulation and phycoerythrin concentration in strain B1. Although white light at medium intensity (50 μmol m-2 s-1) causes greater biomass accumulation (1.66 ± 0.13 gDW L-1), low-intensity (25 μmol m-2 s-1) green light induces lower biomass accumulation with twice the pigment content (87.70 ± 2.46 mg gDW -1), culminating in 71% greater productivity. In contrast, for the F2 strain, light intensity positively influenced biomass and pigment accumulation, being observed 2.25 ± 0.10 gDW L-1 under white light at 100 μmol m-2 s-1 and higher phycocyanin concentration (138.38 ± 3.46 mg gDW -1) under red light at 100 μmol m-2 s-1. These findings provide insights into optimizing the growth conditions by altering the intensity and wavelength of light for future production of phycocyanin and phycoerythrin from local cyanobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias S Gallina
- Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia da Bahia, Rodovia BR 367, s/n, Fontana 1, 45810-000 Porto Seguro, BA, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Sul da Bahia, Centro de Formação em Ciências Ambientais, Rodovia BR 367, Km 10, s/n, 45810-000 Porto Seguro, BA, Brazil
- Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia de Alagoas, Av. Afrânio Lages, 391-453, Centro, 57420-000 Batalha, AL, Brazil
| | - Taiara A Caires
- Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Av. José Moreira Sobrinho, s/n, Jequiezinho, 45205-490 Jequié, BA, Brazil
| | - Orlando Ernesto J Cortés
- Universidade Federal do Sul da Bahia, Centro de Formação em Ciências Ambientais, Rodovia BR 367, Km 10, s/n, 45810-000 Porto Seguro, BA, Brazil
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Sonmez ME, Gumus NE, Eczacioglu N, Develi EE, Yücel K, Yildiz HB. Enhancing microalgae classification accuracy in marine ecosystems through convolutional neural networks and support vector machines. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 205:116616. [PMID: 38936001 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Accurately classifying microalgae species is vital for monitoring marine ecosystems and managing the emergence of marine mucilage, which is crucial for monitoring mucilage phenomena in marine environments. Traditional methods have been inadequate due to time-consuming processes and the need for expert knowledge. The purpose of this article is to employ convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and support vector machines (SVMs) to improve classification accuracy and efficiency. By employing advanced computational techniques, including MobileNet and GoogleNet models, alongside SVM classification, the study demonstrates significant advancements over conventional identification methods. In the classification of a dataset consisting of 7820 images using four different SVM kernel functions, the linear kernel achieved the highest success rate at 98.79 %. It is followed by the RBF kernel at 98.73 %, the polynomial kernel at 97.84 %, and the sigmoid kernel at 97.20 %. This research not only provides a methodological framework for future studies in marine biodiversity monitoring but also highlights the potential for real-time applications in ecological conservation and understanding mucilage dynamics amidst climate change and environmental pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mesut Ersin Sonmez
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Karamanoglu Mehmetbey University, Karaman, Türkiye
| | - Numan Emre Gumus
- Department of Environmental Protection Technology, Kazım Karabekir Vocational School, Karamanoglu Mehmetbey University, Karaman, Türkiye.
| | - Numan Eczacioglu
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Karamanoglu Mehmetbey University, Karaman, Türkiye
| | | | - Kamile Yücel
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, KTO, Karatay University, Konya, Türkiye
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Li F, Liu R, Qin S, Deng Z, Li W. Progress in culture technology and active substance research on Nostoc sphaeroides Kützing. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2024. [PMID: 39087308 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Nostoc sphaeroides Kützing is a freshwater edible cyanobacterium that is rich in active substances such as polysaccharides, proteins and lipids; it has a variety of pharmacological effects such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antitumor and cholesterol-lowering effects; and is often used as a traditional Chinese medicine with many potential applications in food, cosmetics, medical diagnostics and disease treatment. However, to meet the needs of different fields, such as medicine, there is an urgent need for basic research and technological innovation in culture technology, extraction and preparation of active substances, and the pharmacological mechanism of N. sphaeroides. This paper reviews the pharmacological effects of N. sphaeroides active substances, discusses current culture techniques and methods for extracting active components, and outlines the challenges encountered in cultivating and industrializing N. sphaeroides while discussing future development trends. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengcheng Li
- Qingdao Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qingdao, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Yantai, China
| | - Runze Liu
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Yantai, China
| | - Song Qin
- Qingdao Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qingdao, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Yantai, China
| | - Zhongyang Deng
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenjun Li
- Qingdao Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qingdao, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Yantai, China
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La Mantia I, Maniaci A, Scibilia G, Scollo P. Effects of a Dietary Microalgae ( Arthrospira platensis) Supplement on Stress, Well-Being, and Performance in Water Polo Players: A Clinical Case Series. Nutrients 2024; 16:2421. [PMID: 39125302 PMCID: PMC11314195 DOI: 10.3390/nu16152421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2024] [Revised: 07/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A common tactic used by athletes to improve performance, lessen tiredness, and hasten recovery is dietary supplementation. We aimed to assess the role of a microalgae dietary liquid supplement additivated with Copper 22.5% NRV in water polo players' performance. METHODS Twenty male water polo players were split into two groups: ten (spirulina group) took a twice-daily nutritional supplement containing 15 mL of spirulina liquid extract (titrated in Phycocyanin 1 mg/mL) and additivated with Copper 22.5% NRV for eight weeks, and ten (the placebo group) did not take the supplement. Subjective evaluations were finished using the Athlete's Subjective Performance Scale (ASPS). Levels of the biomarker creatine phosphokinase (CPK) were also assessed. RESULTS The spirulina group's mean total ASPS score increased significantly from baseline to follow-up and was significantly better than that of the placebo group (p < 0.001). Conversely, ASPS ratings in the placebo group slightly decreased. A positive correlation between spirulina supplementation and less severe ASPS was found using correlation matrix analysis. However, there was a slight difference in CPK levels from the baseline to the follow-up in the spirulina group. CONCLUSIONS A dietary supplement comprising spirulina and copper may help water polo players' subjective performance measurements by lowering muscular tension. Larger, randomized controlled trials are yet required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignazio La Mantia
- Department of Medical, Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies G.F. Ingrassia, University of Catania, 95100 Catania, Italy;
| | - Antonino Maniaci
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Enna “Kore”, 94100 Enna, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Scibilia
- Gynecology and Obstetrics Department, Giovanni Paolo II Hospital, ASP 7, 97100 Ragusa, Italy;
| | - Paolo Scollo
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Enna “Kore”, 94100 Enna, Italy;
- Gynecological Oncology Unit, Ospedale Cannizzaro, 95125 Catania, Italy
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Hassanin SO, Hegab AMM, Mekky RH, Said MA, Khalil MG, Hamza AA, Amin A. Combining In Vitro, In Vivo, and Network Pharmacology Assays to Identify Targets and Molecular Mechanisms of Spirulina-Derived Biomolecules against Breast Cancer. Mar Drugs 2024; 22:328. [PMID: 39057437 PMCID: PMC11278317 DOI: 10.3390/md22070328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The current research employed an animal model of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA)-induced mammary gland carcinogenesis. The estrogen receptor-positive human breast adenocarcinoma cell line (MCF-7) was used for in vitro analysis. This was combined with a network pharmacology-based approach to assess the anticancer properties of Spirulina (SP) extract and understand its molecular mechanisms. The results showed that the administration of 1 g/kg of SP increased the antioxidant activity by raising levels of catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), while decreasing the levels of malonaldehyde (MDA) and protein carbonyl. A histological examination revealed reduced tumor occurrence, decreased estrogen receptor expression, suppressed cell proliferation, and promoted apoptosis in SP protected animals. In addition, SP disrupted the G2/M phase of the MCF-7 cell cycle, inducing apoptosis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation. It also enhanced intrinsic apoptosis in MCF-7 cells by upregulating cytochrome c, Bax, caspase-8, caspase-9, and caspase-7 proteins, while downregulating Bcl-2 production. The main compounds identified in the LC-MS/MS study of SP were 7-hydroxycoumarin derivatives of cinnamic acid, hinokinin, valeric acid, and α-linolenic acid. These substances specifically targeted three important proteins: ERK1/2 MAPK, PI3K-protein kinase B (AKT), and the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Network analysis and molecular docking indicated a significant binding affinity between SP and these proteins. This was verified by Western blot analysis that revealed decreased protein levels of p-EGFR, p-ERK1/2, and p-AKT following SP administration. SP was finally reported to suppress MCF-7 cell growth and induce apoptosis by modulating the PI3K/AKT/EGFR and MAPK signaling pathways suggesting EGFR as a potential target of SP in breast cancer (BC) treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soha Osama Hassanin
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Modern University for Technology and Information, Cairo 11585, Egypt;
| | - Amany Mohammed Mohmmed Hegab
- Egyptian Drug Authority (EDA), Formerly National Organization of Drug Control and Research, Developmental Pharmacology and Acute Toxicity Department, Giza 12611, Egypt;
| | - Reham Hassan Mekky
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Badr City, Cairo-Suez Road, Cairo 11829, Egypt;
| | - Mohamed Adel Said
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Mona G. Khalil
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Modern University for Technology and Information, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Alaaeldin Ahmed Hamza
- Biology Department, Egyptian Drug Authority (EDA), Formerly National Organization of Drug Control and Research (NODCAR), Giza 12611, Egypt
- Medical Research Council, Academy of Scientific Research and Technology, Cairo 11334, Egypt
| | - Amr Amin
- Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
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Lu L, Li F, Gao Y, Kang S, Li J, Guo J. Microbiome in radiotherapy: an emerging approach to enhance treatment efficacy and reduce tissue injury. Mol Med 2024; 30:105. [PMID: 39030525 PMCID: PMC11264922 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-024-00873-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy is a widely used cancer treatment that utilizes powerful radiation to destroy cancer cells and shrink tumors. While radiation can be beneficial, it can also harm the healthy tissues surrounding the tumor. Recent research indicates that the microbiota, the collection of microorganisms in our body, may play a role in influencing the effectiveness and side effects of radiation therapy. Studies have shown that specific species of bacteria living in the stomach can influence the immune system's response to radiation, potentially increasing the effectiveness of treatment. Additionally, the microbiota may contribute to adverse effects like radiation-induced diarrhea. A potential strategy to enhance radiotherapy outcomes and capitalize on the microbiome involves using probiotics. Probiotics are living microorganisms that offer health benefits when consumed in sufficient quantities. Several studies have indicated that probiotics have the potential to alter the composition of the gut microbiota, resulting in an enhanced immune response to radiation therapy and consequently improving the efficacy of the treatment. It is important to note that radiation can disrupt the natural balance of gut bacteria, resulting in increased intestinal permeability and inflammatory conditions. These disruptions can lead to adverse effects such as diarrhea and damage to the intestinal lining. The emerging field of radiotherapy microbiome research offers a promising avenue for optimizing cancer treatment outcomes. This paper aims to provide an overview of the human microbiome and its role in augmenting radiation effectiveness while minimizing damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Lu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, No.1, Northwest New Village, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730030, China.
- Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Composite Materials of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.
- Gansu Provincial Biomass Function Composites Engineering Research Center, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.
- Key Laboratory for Utility of Environment-Friendly Composite Materials and Biomass in, University of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.
| | - Fengxiao Li
- Department of Pharmacy, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | | | - Shuhe Kang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, No.1, Northwest New Village, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730030, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Composite Materials of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Gansu Provincial Biomass Function Composites Engineering Research Center, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Key Laboratory for Utility of Environment-Friendly Composite Materials and Biomass in, University of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Jia Li
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, No.1, Northwest New Village, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730030, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Composite Materials of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Gansu Provincial Biomass Function Composites Engineering Research Center, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Key Laboratory for Utility of Environment-Friendly Composite Materials and Biomass in, University of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Jinwang Guo
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, No.1, Northwest New Village, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730030, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Composite Materials of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Gansu Provincial Biomass Function Composites Engineering Research Center, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Key Laboratory for Utility of Environment-Friendly Composite Materials and Biomass in, University of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
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McKinley L, Acen IK, Alshannaq A, Christensen L, Dolan K, Kates A, Keating J, Musuuza J, Hollnagel F, Safdar N. Antiviral potential of spirulina in individuals with human immunodeficiency virus or Hepatis C virus infections: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2024; 63:440-446. [PMID: 39003731 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2024.06.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spirulina, a cyanobacterium or blue-green algae that contains phycocyanin, nutritional supplementation has been evaluated in patients living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) due to its antiviral properties. This supplementation may be beneficial in low resource settings when awaiting antiretroviral therapy (ART) for HIV. This review aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of Spirulina supplement in antiviral-naïve HIV- and HCV-infected patients by assessing its immunological effect (Cluster of Differentiation 4 or CD-4 T-cell count) and disease progression (viral load). METHODS We searched PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and Web of Science from inception through January 23, 2024. Two authors independently performed the study selection, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment. We pooled data by using a random-effects model and evaluated publication bias by a funnel plot. RESULTS We identified 5552 articles, 5509 excluded at the title and abstract stage with 44 studies making it to the full text review. Of these 6 studies met the eligibility for inclusion in the final analysis as follows: 4 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and 2 non-RCTs. The pooled results of the Spirulina intervention found significant improvements in biomarkers of clinical outcomes, viral load (VL) and CD4 T-cell (CD4) counts, in participants of the treatment group compared to controls; the VL had an overall Cohen's d effect size decrease of -2.49 (-4.80, -0.18) and CD4 had an overall effect size increase of 4.09 (0.75, 7.43). [Cohen's d benchmark: 0.2 = small effect; 0.5 = medium effect; 0.8 = large effect]. CONCLUSIONS Findings from this systematic review showed a potential beneficial effect of Spirulina supplementation in HIV- and HCV-infected patients by increasing CD4 counts and decreasing viral load. However, further research in larger controlled clinical trials is needed to fully investigate the effect of this nutritional supplement on clinically relevant outcomes, opportunities for intervention, optimal dose, and cost-benefit of Spirulina supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda McKinley
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA.
| | | | - Ahmad Alshannaq
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Leslie Christensen
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Katherine Dolan
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Ashley Kates
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Julie Keating
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA; University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | | | - Fauzia Hollnagel
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Nasia Safdar
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA; University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
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Retta B, Iovinella M, Ciniglia C. Significance and Applications of the Thermo-Acidophilic Microalga Galdieria sulphuraria (Cyanidiophytina, Rhodophyta). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1786. [PMID: 38999626 PMCID: PMC11243675 DOI: 10.3390/plants13131786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
Galdieria sulphuraria is a thermo-acidophilic microalga belonging to the Cyanidiophyceae (Rhodophyta) class. It thrives in extreme environments, such as geothermal sulphuric springs, with low pH, high temperatures, and high salinity. This microalga utilises various growth modes, including autotrophic, heterotrophic, and mixotrophic, enabling it to exploit diverse organic carbon sources. Remarkably, G. sulphuraria survives and produces a range of bioactive compounds in these harsh conditions. Moreover, it plays a significant role in environmental remediation by removing nutrients, pathogens, and heavy metals from various wastewater sources. It can also recover rare earth elements from mining wastewater and electronic waste. This review article explores the diverse applications and significant contributions of G. sulphuraria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berhan Retta
- Department of Engineering, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via Roma 29, 81031 Aversa, Italy
| | - Manuela Iovinella
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Claudia Ciniglia
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy
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Arrari F, Jabri MA, Ayari A, Dakhli N, Ben Fayala C, Boubaker S, Sebai H. Amino acid HPLC-FLD analysis of spirulina and its protective mechanism against the combination of obesity and colitis in wistar rats. Heliyon 2024; 10:e30103. [PMID: 38694088 PMCID: PMC11061748 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective The cafeteria diet (CD), designed as an experimental diet mimicking the obesogenic diet, may contribute to the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). This study delves into the influence of spirulina (SP) on obesity associated with colitis in Wistar rats. Methods The amino acids composition of SP was analyzed using HPLC-FLD. Animals were equally separated into eight groups, each containing seven animals and treated daily for eight weeks as follows: Control diet (SD), cafeteria diet (CD) group, CD + SP (500 mg/kg) and SD + SP. Ulcerative colitis was provoked by rectal injection of acetic acid (AA) (3 % v/v, 5 ml/kg b.w.) on the last day of treatment in the following groups: SD + AA, SD + AA + SP, CD + AA, and CD + AA + SP. Results Findings revealed that UC and/or CD increased the abdominal fat, weights gain, and colons. Moreover, severe colonic alteration, perturbations in the serum metabolic parameters associated with an oxidative stress state in the colonic mucosa, defined by overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and increased levels of plasma scavenging activity (PSA). Additionally, obesity exacerbated the severity of AA-induced UC promoting inflammation marked by the overexpression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Significantly, treatment with SP provided notable protection against inflammation severity, reduced histopathological alterations, attenuated lipid peroxidation (MDA), and enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities (CAT, SOD, and GPX) along with non-enzymatic antioxidants (GSH and SH-G). Conclusions Thus, the antioxidant effects and anti-inflammatory proprieties of SP could be attributed to its richness in amino acids, which could potentially mitigate inflammation severity in obese subjects suffering from ulcerative colitis. These results imply that SP hold promise as a therapeutic agent for managing of UC, particularly in individuals with concomitant obesity. Understanding SP's mechanisms of action may lead novel treatment strategies for inflammatory bowel diseases and hyperlipidemia in medical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Arrari
- Université de Jendouba, Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Béja, LR: Physiologie Fonctionnelle et Valorisation des Bio-Ressources, 9000, Béja, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed-Amine Jabri
- Université de Jendouba, Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Béja, LR: Physiologie Fonctionnelle et Valorisation des Bio-Ressources, 9000, Béja, Tunisia
| | - Ala Ayari
- Université de Jendouba, Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Béja, LR: Physiologie Fonctionnelle et Valorisation des Bio-Ressources, 9000, Béja, Tunisia
| | - Nouha Dakhli
- Université de Jendouba, Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Béja, LR: Physiologie Fonctionnelle et Valorisation des Bio-Ressources, 9000, Béja, Tunisia
| | - Chayma Ben Fayala
- Laboratoire d'anatomie Pathologique Humaine et Expérimentale, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, 13, Place Pasteur, Tunis, 1002, Tunisia
| | - Samir Boubaker
- Laboratoire d'anatomie Pathologique Humaine et Expérimentale, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, 13, Place Pasteur, Tunis, 1002, Tunisia
| | - Hichem Sebai
- Université de Jendouba, Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Béja, LR: Physiologie Fonctionnelle et Valorisation des Bio-Ressources, 9000, Béja, Tunisia
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Kumar VS, Sarkar DJ, Das BK, Samanta S, Tripathi G, Das Sarkar S, Talukder A. Bioaccumulation of arsenic in fish (Labeo rohita) in presence of periphyton: ameliorative effect on oxidative stress, physiological condition, immune response and risk assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:34381-34395. [PMID: 38703316 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33302-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
The present study explores the use of periphyton to ameliorate toxic properties of arsenic (As) to Labeo rohita and also assesses the human food safety aspects. Fish were introduced to arsenite [As(III)] contaminated water (0.3 and 3 mg/L) along with periphyton. Biochemical, physiological and immunological parameters, including gene expression, were assessed after 30 days of exposure. Periphyton incorporation significantly improved (p < 0.05) the adverse effects of As on respiration, NH3 excretion and brain AChE activity by reducing oxidative stress and As bioaccumulation. The presence of periphyton in As(III) exposed fish (3 mg/L) increased the immune response (Immunoglobulin M and Complement C3) in the serum and the regulation of the respective immune genes in the anterior kidney was found to be similar to the control. A speciation study using LC-ICP-MS confirmed the high accumulation of As by periphyton (5.0-31.9 μg/g) as arsenate [As (V)], resulting in a lower amount of As in fish muscle. The calculated human health risk indices, Target Hazard Quotient (THQ) and Target Cancer risk (TCR) indicate that fish grown in periphyton-treated water may lower the human health risks associated with As. The study signifies the importance of periphyton-based aquaculture systems in As contaminated regions for safe fish production with enhanced yield.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dhruba Jyoti Sarkar
- ICAR- Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, Kolkata, 700120, India
| | - Basanta Kumar Das
- ICAR- Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, Kolkata, 700120, India.
| | - Srikanta Samanta
- ICAR- Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, Kolkata, 700120, India
| | - Gayatri Tripathi
- ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai, 400061, India
| | - Soma Das Sarkar
- ICAR- Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, Kolkata, 700120, India
| | - Anjon Talukder
- ICAR- Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, Kolkata, 700120, India
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13
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Nova M, Citterio S, Martegani E, Colombo S. Unraveling the Anti-Aging Properties of Phycocyanin from the Cyanobacterium Spirulina ( Arthrospira platensis). Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4215. [PMID: 38673801 PMCID: PMC11050328 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years, marine natural products have become one of the most important resources of novel lead compounds for critical diseases associated with age. Spirulina, a dietary supplement made from blue-green algae (cyanobacteria: scientific name Arthrospira platensis), is particularly rich in phycocyanin, a phycobiliprotein, which accounts for up to 20% of this cyanobacterium's dry weight and is considered responsible for its anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. Although the anti-aging activity of phycocyanin has been investigated, how exactly this compound works against aging remains elusive. The aim of our research is to use the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a model organism to investigate the anti-aging properties of phycocyanin from A. platensis. Our results show that phycocyanin has a powerful anti-aging effect, greatly extending the chronological life span of yeast cells in a dose-dependent way, as the effect was also pronounced when cells were grown in SD medium under calorie restriction conditions (0.2% glucose). Both ROS and accumulation of dead cells were followed by staining chronologically aged cells with dihydrorhodamine 123 (DHR123) and propidium iodide (PI). Interestingly, we found that most of the aged phycocyanin-treated cells, which were unable to form colonies, were actually ROS+/PI-. Finally, we show that the moment in which phycocyanin is added to the culture does not substantially influence its effectiveness in counteracting chronological aging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sonia Colombo
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milan, Italy; (M.N.); (S.C.); (E.M.)
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14
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Aghasadeghi MR, Zaheri Birgani MA, Jamalimoghadamsiyahkali S, Hosamirudsari H, Moradi A, Jafari-Sabet M, Sadigh N, Rahimi P, Tavakoli R, Hamidi-Fard M, Bahramali G, Parmoon Z, Arjmand Hashjin S, Mirzajani G, Kouhkheil R, Roshangaran S, Khalaf S, Khademi Nadoushan M, Gholamiyan Yousef Abad G, Shahryarpour N, Izadi M, Zendedel A, Jahanfar S, Dadras O, SeyedAlinaghi S, Hackett D. Effect of high-dose Spirulina supplementation on hospitalized adults with COVID-19: a randomized controlled trial. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1332425. [PMID: 38655258 PMCID: PMC11036872 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1332425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Spirulina (arthrospira platensis) is a cyanobacterium proven to have anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and antioxidant effects. However, the effect of high-dose Spirulina supplementation on hospitalized adults with COVID-19 is currently unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of high-dose Spirulina platensis for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Study Design We conducted a randomized, controlled, open-label trial involving 189 patients with COVID-19 who were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to an experimental group that received 15.2g of Spirulina supplement plus standard treatment (44 non-intensive care unit (non-ICU) and 47 ICU), or to a control group that received standard treatment alone (46 non-ICU and 52 ICU). The study was conducted over six days. Immune mediators were monitored on days 1, 3, 5, and 7. The primary outcome of this study was mortality or hospital discharge within seven days, while the overall discharge or mortality was considered the secondary outcome. Results Within seven days, there were no deaths in the Spirulina group, while 15 deaths (15.3%) occurred in the control group. Moreover, within seven days, there was a greater number of patients discharged in the Spirulina group (97.7%) in non-ICU compared to the control group (39.1%) (HR, 6.52; 95% CI, 3.50 to 12.17). Overall mortality was higher in the control group (8.7% non-ICU, 28.8% ICU) compared to the Spirulina group (non-ICU HR, 0.13; 95% CI, 0.02 to 0.97; ICU, HR, 0.16; 95% CI, 0.05 to 0.48). In non-ICU, patients who received Spirulina showed a significant reduction in the levels of IL-6, TNF-α, IL-10, and IP-10 as intervention time increased. Furthermore, in ICU, patients who received Spirulina showed a significant decrease in the levels of MIP-1α and IL-6. IFN-γ levels were significantly higher in the intervention group in both ICU and non-ICU subgroups as intervention time increased. No side effects related to Spirulina supplements were observed during the trial. Conclusion High-dose Spirulina supplements coupled with the standard treatment of COVID-19 may improve recovery and remarkably reduce mortality in hospitalized patients with COVID-19. Clinical Trial Registration https://irct.ir/trial/54375, Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials number (IRCT20210216050373N1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Aghasadeghi
- Hepatitis and AIDS Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
- Viral Vaccine Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Zaheri Birgani
- Hepatitis and AIDS Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
- Iranian Research Center for HIV/AIDS, Iranian Institute for Reduction of High-Risk Behaviors, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Hadiseh Hosamirudsari
- Department of Infectious Disease, Baharloo Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Moradi
- Iranian Research Center for HIV/AIDS, Iranian Institute for Reduction of High-Risk Behaviors, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Jafari-Sabet
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nooshin Sadigh
- Iranian Research Center for HIV/AIDS, Iranian Institute for Reduction of High-Risk Behaviors, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pooneh Rahimi
- Hepatitis and AIDS Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
- Viral Vaccine Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rezvan Tavakoli
- Hepatitis and AIDS Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
- Viral Vaccine Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Hamidi-Fard
- Hepatitis and AIDS Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
- Viral Vaccine Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Golnaz Bahramali
- Hepatitis and AIDS Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
- Viral Vaccine Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zohal Parmoon
- Iranian Research Center for HIV/AIDS, Iranian Institute for Reduction of High-Risk Behaviors, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Ghasem Mirzajani
- Laboratory Department, Baharloo Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Kouhkheil
- Emergency Department, Baharloo Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Somayeh Roshangaran
- Intensive Care Unit, Baharloo Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samineh Khalaf
- Intensive Care Unit, Baharloo Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Khademi Nadoushan
- Iranian Research Center for HIV/AIDS, Iranian Institute for Reduction of High-Risk Behaviors, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ghazaleh Gholamiyan Yousef Abad
- Iranian Research Center for HIV/AIDS, Iranian Institute for Reduction of High-Risk Behaviors, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nima Shahryarpour
- Emergency Department, Baharloo Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Izadi
- Iranian Research Center for HIV/AIDS, Iranian Institute for Reduction of High-Risk Behaviors, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Zendedel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ziaeian Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Family Medicine Department, Ziaeian Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shayesteh Jahanfar
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Omid Dadras
- Iranian Research Center for HIV/AIDS, Iranian Institute for Reduction of High-Risk Behaviors, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - SeyedAhmad SeyedAlinaghi
- Iranian Research Center for HIV/AIDS, Iranian Institute for Reduction of High-Risk Behaviors, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Daniel Hackett
- Physical Activity, Lifestyle, Ageing and Wellbeing Faculty Research Group, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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15
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Tiwari ON, Bobby MN, Kondi V, Halder G, Kargarzadeh H, Ikbal AMA, Bhunia B, Thomas S, Efferth T, Chattopadhyay D, Palit P. Comprehensive review on recent trends and perspectives of natural exo-polysaccharides: Pioneering nano-biotechnological tools. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 265:130747. [PMID: 38479657 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
Exopolysaccharides (EPSs), originating from various microbes, and mushrooms, excel in their conventional role in bioremediation to showcase diverse applications emphasizing nanobiotechnology including nano-drug carriers, nano-excipients, medication and/or cell encapsulation, gene delivery, tissue engineering, diagnostics, and associated treatments. Acknowledged for contributions to adsorption, nutrition, and biomedicine, EPSs are emerging as appealing alternatives to traditional polymers, for biodegradability and biocompatibility. This article shifts away from the conventional utility to delve deeply into the expansive landscape of EPS applications, particularly highlighting their integration into cutting-edge nanobiotechnological methods. Exploring EPS synthesis, extraction, composition, and properties, the discussion emphasizes their structural diversity with molecular weight and heteropolymer compositions. Their role as raw materials for value-added products takes center stage, with critical insights into recent applications in nanobiotechnology. The multifaceted potential, biological relevance, and commercial applicability of EPSs in contemporary research and industry align with the nanotechnological advancements coupled with biotechnological nano-cleansing agents are highlighted. EPS-based nanostructures for biological applications have a bright future ahead of them. Providing crucial information for present and future practices, this review sheds light on how eco-friendly EPSs derived from microbial biomass of terrestrial and aquatic environments can be used to better understand contemporary nanobiotechnology for the benefit of society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onkar Nath Tiwari
- Centre for Conservation and Utilization of Blue Green Algae, Division of Microbiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India.
| | - Md Nazneen Bobby
- Department of Biotechnology, Vignan's Foundation for Science, Technology & Research, Vadlamudi, Andhra Pradesh 522213, India
| | - Vanitha Kondi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Vishnu Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Narsapur, Medak 502313, Telangana, India
| | - Gopinath Halder
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, West Bengal 713209, India
| | - Hanieh Kargarzadeh
- Center of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Seinkiewicza 112, 90-363 Lodz, Poland
| | - Abu Md Ashif Ikbal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Drug Discovery Research Laboratory, Assam University, Silchar 788011, India
| | - Biswanath Bhunia
- Department of Bio Engineering, National Institute of Technology Agartala, Jirania 799046, India
| | - Sabu Thomas
- School of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Mahatma Gandhi University, Priyadarshini Hills, Athirampuzha, Kerala, 686560, India; Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box, 17011, Doornfontein, 2028, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Debprasad Chattopadhyay
- ICMR-National Institute of Traditional Medicine, Nehru Nagar, Belagavi 590010, India; School of Life Sciences, Swami Vivekananda University, Barrackpore, Kolkata 700102, India
| | - Partha Palit
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Drug Discovery Research Laboratory, Assam University, Silchar 788011, India.
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16
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Lixi F, Vitiello L, Giannaccare G. Marine Natural Products Rescuing the Eye: A Narrative Review. Mar Drugs 2024; 22:155. [PMID: 38667772 PMCID: PMC11050997 DOI: 10.3390/md22040155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Different degrees of visual impairment lead to a decrease in patient wellbeing, which has an adverse effect on many facets of social and professional life. Eye disorders can affect several parts of the eye, most notably the retina and the cornea, and the impacted areas might share a common form of cellular damage or dysfunction (such as inflammation, oxidative stress and neuronal degeneration). Considering that marine organisms inhabit a broad variety of marine habitats, they display a great degree of chemical diversity. As a result, molecules with a marine origin are receiving more and more attention in the hopes of developing novel therapeutic approaches. For instance, fucoxanthin has been demonstrated to be effective in protecting the retina against photo-induced damage, while largazole, astaxanthin and spirulina have all shown antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic activities that can be useful for the management of several ocular diseases, such as age-related macular degeneration and ocular surface disorders. The aim of this review is to analyze the scientific literature relating to the therapeutic effects on the eye of the main natural marine products, focusing on their mechanism of action and potential clinical uses for the management of ocular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Lixi
- Eye Clinic, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy;
| | - Livio Vitiello
- Eye Unit, “Luigi Curto” Hospital, Azienda Sanitaria Locale Salerno, 84035 Polla, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Giannaccare
- Eye Clinic, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy;
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17
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Alves JLDB, Costa PCTD, Sales LCSD, Silva Luis CC, Bezerra TPT, Souza MLA, Costa BA, de Souza EL. Shedding light on the impacts of Spirulina platensis on gut microbiota and related health benefits. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2024:1-14. [PMID: 38420934 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2024.2323112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Spirulina (S.) platensis is a blue-green algae with reported nutritional and health-promoting properties, such as immunomodulating, antioxidant, cholesterol-lowering properties, and beneficial effects on inflammatory diseases. Spirulina platensis can improve the function and composition of the gut microbiota and exert systemic beneficial effects. Gut dysbiosis is characterized by an imbalance in the composition and function of gut microbiota and is associated with several diseases. Some dietary bioactive compounds can restore the composition, diversity, and function of the gut microbiota and improve health-related parameters. This review proposes to gather relevant information on the effects of S. platensis supplementation on the modulation of the function and composition of gut microbiota and local and systemic measures related to gut health, such as inflammation, oxidative stress, and glucose and lipid metabolism. The body of evidence conducted with animals and clinical studies shows that S. platensis supplementation increased gut microbiota diversity and improved gut microbiota composition, as reported by a decrease in the Firmicutes/Bacteroides ratio, increase in the relative abundance of Prevotella and Lactobacillaceae, increase in short-chain fatty acid production and decrease of gut permeability. Improvements in gut microbiota have been associated with host health benefits such as anti-obesity, anti-diabetic, anti-hypertensive, anti-lipemic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Luiz de Brito Alves
- Department of Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraiba, 58051-900, Brazil
| | - Paulo César Trindade da Costa
- Department of Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraiba, 58051-900, Brazil
| | | | - Cristiane Cosmo Silva Luis
- Department of Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraiba, 58051-900, Brazil
| | | | - Maria Luiza Alves Souza
- Department of Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraiba, 58051-900, Brazil
| | - Bagnólia Araújo Costa
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, Paraiba, Brazil
| | - Evandro Leite de Souza
- Department of Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraiba, 58051-900, Brazil
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18
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Moradi S, Bagheri R, Amirian P, Zarpoosh M, Cheraghloo N, Wong A, Zobeiri M, Entezari MH. Effects of Spirulina supplementation in patients with ulcerative colitis: a double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized trial. BMC Complement Med Ther 2024; 24:109. [PMID: 38424572 PMCID: PMC10905931 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-024-04400-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
AIM We conducted a randomized placebo-controlled trial to assess the efficacy of Spirulina (SP) supplementation on disease activity, health-related quality of life, antioxidant status, and serum pentraxin 3 (PTX-3) levels in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC). METHODS Eighty patients with UC were randomly assigned to consume either 1 g/day (two 500 mg capsules/day) of SP (n = 40) or control (n = 40) for 8 weeks. Dietary intakes, physical activity, disease activity, health-related quality of life, antioxidant status, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and serum PTX-3 levels were assessed and compared between groups at baseline and post-intervention. RESULTS Seventy-three patients (91.3%) completed the trial. We observed increases in serum total antioxidant capacity levels in the SP supplementation group compared to the control group after 8 weeks of intervention (p ≤ 0.001). A within-group comparison indicated a trend towards a higher health-related quality of life score after 8 weeks of taking two different supplements, SP (p < 0.001) and PL (p = 0.012), respectively. However, there were no significant changes in participant's disease activity score in response to SP administration (p > 0.05). Similarly, changes in ESR and PTX-3 levels were comparable between groups post-intervention (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS SP improved antioxidant capacity status and health-related quality of life in patients with UC. Our findings suggest that SP supplementation may be effective as an adjuvant treatment for managing patients with UC. Larger trials with longer interventions periods are required to confirm our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajjad Moradi
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Research Center for Evidence-Based Health Management, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran
| | - Reza Bagheri
- Department of Exercise Physiology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, 8174673441, Iran
| | - Parsa Amirian
- General Practitioner, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences (KUMS), Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mahsa Zarpoosh
- General Practitioner, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences (KUMS), Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Neda Cheraghloo
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1417613151, Iran
| | - Alexei Wong
- Department of Health and Human Performance, Marymount University, Arlington, VA, USA
| | - Mehdi Zobeiri
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hassan Entezari
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
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19
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Aimaretti E, Porchietto E, Mantegazza G, Gargari G, Collotta D, Einaudi G, Ferreira Alves G, Marzani E, Algeri A, Dal Bello F, Aragno M, Cifani C, Guglielmetti S, Mastrocola R, Collino M. Anti-Glycation Properties of Zinc-Enriched Arthrospira platensis (Spirulina) Contribute to Prevention of Metaflammation in a Diet-Induced Obese Mouse Model. Nutrients 2024; 16:552. [PMID: 38398877 PMCID: PMC10892558 DOI: 10.3390/nu16040552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) exert a key pathogenic role in the development of obesity and insulin resistance. Thanks to its abundance in bioactive compounds, the microalga Arthrospira platensis (spirulina, SP) is proposed as a nutritional supplement. Here, we investigated the potential anti-glycating properties of SP enriched with zinc (Zn-SP) and the following impact on diet-induced metabolic derangements. Thirty male C57Bl6 mice were fed a standard diet (SD) or a high-fat high-sugar diet (HFHS) for 12 weeks, and a subgroup of HFHS mice received 350 mg/kg Zn-SP three times a week. A HFHS diet induced obesity and glucose intolerance and increased plasma levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and transaminases. Zn-SP administration restored glucose homeostasis and reduced hepatic dysfunction and systemic inflammation. In the liver of HFHS mice, a robust accumulation of AGEs was detected, paralleled by increased expression of the main AGE receptor (RAGE) and depletion of glyoxalase-1, whereas Zn-SP administration efficiently prevented these alterations reducing local pro-inflammatory responses. 16S rRNA gene profiling of feces and ileum content revealed altered bacterial community structure in HFHS mice compared to both SD and HFHS + Zn-SP groups. Overall, our study demonstrates relevant anti-glycation properties of Zn-SP which contribute to preventing AGE production and/or stimulate AGE detoxification, leading to the improvement of diet-related dysbiosis and metabolic derangements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Aimaretti
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10125 Turin, Italy; (E.A.); (M.A.); (R.M.)
| | - Elisa Porchietto
- Pharmacology Unit, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (E.P.); (G.E.); (G.F.A.); (C.C.)
| | - Giacomo Mantegazza
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy; (G.M.); (G.G.)
| | - Giorgio Gargari
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy; (G.M.); (G.G.)
| | - Debora Collotta
- Department of Neurosciences “Rita Levi Montalcini”, University of Turin, 10125 Turin, Italy; (D.C.); (E.M.)
| | - Giacomo Einaudi
- Pharmacology Unit, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (E.P.); (G.E.); (G.F.A.); (C.C.)
| | - Gustavo Ferreira Alves
- Pharmacology Unit, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (E.P.); (G.E.); (G.F.A.); (C.C.)
| | - Enrica Marzani
- Department of Neurosciences “Rita Levi Montalcini”, University of Turin, 10125 Turin, Italy; (D.C.); (E.M.)
| | - Alessandro Algeri
- Italian Union of Biological Spirulin (Unione Spirulina Biologica Italiana, USBI), Curtatone (Mantova), 46010 Mantova, Italy;
| | - Federica Dal Bello
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy;
| | - Manuela Aragno
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10125 Turin, Italy; (E.A.); (M.A.); (R.M.)
| | - Carlo Cifani
- Pharmacology Unit, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (E.P.); (G.E.); (G.F.A.); (C.C.)
| | - Simone Guglielmetti
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences (BtBs), University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Raffaella Mastrocola
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10125 Turin, Italy; (E.A.); (M.A.); (R.M.)
| | - Massimo Collino
- Department of Neurosciences “Rita Levi Montalcini”, University of Turin, 10125 Turin, Italy; (D.C.); (E.M.)
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Abu-Zahra NIS, Elseify MM, Atia AA, Al-Sokary ET. Impacts of florfenicol on immunity, antioxidant activity, and histopathology of Oreochromis niloticus: a potential protective effect of dietary spirulina platensis. Vet Res Commun 2024; 48:125-138. [PMID: 37563419 PMCID: PMC10811121 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-023-10189-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
The misuse of antibiotics enhances the development of resistant microorganisms and decreases the efficacy of treatments. Florfenicol (FF) is one of the antibiotics approved for use in aquaculture in Egypt. Because of its extensive usage, potential negative impacts on aquatic creatures are a major concern. This motivates us to search for an appropriate neoadjuvant to work synergistically with FF and reduce adverse effects. Results from this study will contribute towards improving the understanding of the impacts of FF on Oreochromis niloticus and the possible amelioratory effects of Spirulina platensis algae (SP). O. niloticus (n = 240; 40 ± 2.5 g) were fed on two diets supplemented with or without SP for 4 weeks, then divided into four treatments each in three replicates (n = 60/treatment). G1; was fed a control diet, and the other groups were fed diets supplemented with FF (10 mg /kg of BW, G2), SP (2 g/kg of diet, G3), or FF + SP (G4) for 10 days. Among the four groups, the SP group (G3) had the best immunostimulatory effects as observed by a significant (p < 0.05) elevation in phagocytic activity, phagocytic index, IL6, and TNF-α. The treatment with FF had significantly impacted hepatic and renal tissues, as the values of liver enzymes and creatinine demonstrated tissue deterioration and also resulted in oxidative stress, which was expressed by an increase of GPx, CAT, and SOD in (G2). Additionally, the combined FF + SP improved the hematological parameters and decreased the oxidative damage induced by FF (G4). Thus, it was clear that FF has harmful effects on O. niloticus and that SP can modulate such impacts. These data recommend the use of SP as an effective immunostimulant and a probable adjuvant to FF in O. niloticus diets to attain maximum disease resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagwa I S Abu-Zahra
- Department of Fish Diseases, Kafrelsheikh Provincial Lab, Animal Health Research Institute (AHRI) Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Giza, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed M Elseify
- Department of Immunology, Kafrelsheikh Provincial Lab, Animal Health Research Institute (AHRI) Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Giza, Egypt
| | - Ayman A Atia
- Department of Pathology, Kafrelsheikh Provincial Lab, Animal Health Research Institute (AHRI) Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Giza, Egypt
| | - Eman T Al-Sokary
- Department of Biochemistry, Kafrelsheikh Provincial Lab, Animal Health Research Institute (AHRI) Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Giza, Egypt
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21
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Aslanbay Guler B, Demirel Z, Imamoglu E. Induction of antioxidant activities of Arthrospira platensis and Chlorella vulgaris by modified culture conditions. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2024; 47:275-287. [PMID: 38286864 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-023-02963-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Microalgae are considered a promising source for obtaining natural compounds with strong antioxidant activity. Despite the great progress made in this field, there is still need for further studies applying simple and cost-effective modifications to reveal their full potential and enhance antioxidant properties. Arthrospira platensis and Chlorella vulgaris are some of the most common cells studied for this purpose. In this study, it was aimed to develop a bioprocess for the enhancement of antioxidant properties of these two microalgae by evaluating the effect of different culture conditions. With this aim, the impacts of light intensity/reactive oxygen species and nitrogen sources/reactive oxygen species were evaluated for the A. platensis and C. vulgaris cells, respectively. Results showed that the antioxidant potential of A. platensis was found to be correlated with the phycocyanin and total phenolic content of cells, and 80 µmol photons m-2 s-1 light intensity induced antioxidant activity in a two-step cultivation mode. For C. vulgaris cells, maximum antioxidant activities of 68.10 ± 1.51% and 75.68 ± 0.66% were obtained in cultures with NH4Cl (0.016% (w/v)) for DPPH and ABTS assays, respectively. The applied oxidative stress factors exhibited different effects on the antioxidant activities of the cells because of their cellular morphologies and changing mechanisms of reactive oxygen species. These outcomes show the potential of applied modifications on cells and suggest a promising route to enhance antioxidant activities of microalgae for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahar Aslanbay Guler
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ege University, 35100, Izmir, Turkey.
| | - Zeliha Demirel
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ege University, 35100, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Esra Imamoglu
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ege University, 35100, Izmir, Turkey
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22
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Alagbe EO, Schulze H, Adeola O. Dietary Spirulina effects in Eimeria-challenged broiler chickens: growth performance, nutrient digestibility, intestinal morphology, serum biomarkers, and gene expression. J Anim Sci 2024; 102:skae186. [PMID: 38995102 PMCID: PMC11306789 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skae186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the growth performance, nutrient utilization, and intestinal health responses of Eimeria-challenged broiler chickens to dietary Spirulina (Arthrospira platensis). On day 1, birds were assigned to 2 diets supplemented with Spirulina (0 or 5 g/kg) in a randomized complete block design. The birds within each diet were divided into 2 Eimeria-challenge groups (challenge or no-challenge) and that resulted in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement with 2 levels each of Spirulina and challenge on day 14. On day 15, the birds in the challenge or no-challenge groups were orally gavaged with a solution containing Eimeria oocysts or 1% PBS, respectively. Samples were collected on days 21 and 26 (6- and 11-d post-infection; dpi). Data collected from days 1 to 26 were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS. Birds that were fed Spirulina-supplemented diets had increased (P < 0.05) BW gain, gain-to-feed ratio, and total tract retention nitrogen from days 14 to 21. The ileal villus perimeter and area, serum catalase, HMOX1 and SOD1 jejunal abundance were all increased (P < 0.05) in birds fed Spirulina-supplemented diets on day 21 (6 dpi). However, there was no effect on bone ash or oocyst count. From days 21 to 26, there was a tendency (P = 0.059) for a Spirulina × Challenge interaction on the BW gain of birds. Moreover, dietary Spirulina addition increased (P < 0.05) serum catalase, total antioxidant capacity, ileal villus perimeter, tibia bone ash, and the relative mRNA expression of HMOX1, SOD1, claudin 1, and TNFα in the jejunal mucosa of birds on day 26 (11 dpi). On both 6 and 11 dpi, the Eimeria challenge negatively (P < 0.05) impacted growth performance, gut morphology, and the relative mRNA expression of genes. Overall, assessing the impact of Spirulina in broilers revealed its positive antioxidant, immune-modulating, and health benefits. However, its dietary addition did not completely reverse the Eimeria-induced effects in these birds. Ultimately, this study outlines the positive properties of dietary Spirulina beyond its use in the diet of healthy broiler chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hagen Schulze
- Livalta, an AB Agri Company, Peterborough, United Kingdom
| | - Olayiwola Adeola
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
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23
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Peñalver R, Martínez‐Zamora L, Lorenzo JM, Ros G, Nieto Martínez G. Effect of hydroxytyrosol, Moringa, and spirulina on the physicochemical properties and nutritional characteristics of gluten-free brownies. Food Sci Nutr 2024; 12:385-398. [PMID: 38268863 PMCID: PMC10804121 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Brownies, enriched with fiber and Moringa oleifera, hydroxytyrosol (HXT), and spirulina (encapsulated and nonencapsulated), and dietary fiber using psyllium were elaborated. For that, a commercial control (CTRL) and an experimental control (CTRL) (without antioxidants) were compared. Color, nutritional composition, pH, antioxidant capacity, total phenolic compounds, as well as sensory properties were evaluated. The results showed the brownies developed with psyllium and the different extracts increased total dietary fiber compared to CTRL Commercial and CTRL, with E-spirulina (14.93 g/100 g) and Moringa (11.91 g/100 g) being the most prominent samples. However, with regard to soluble fiber, the highest content of NE-spirulina and the lowest content of HXT were observed. In addition, brownies enriched with extracts showed higher antioxidant capacity and higher phenolic compounds than controls, with HXT standing out at 299.25 μM Trolox/g in ABTS, 1470.08 μM Trolox/g in DPPH, and 18.15 μM Trolox/g in FRAP. However, a high level of phenolic compounds was found in E-Spirulina (604.71 mg/L). In reference to fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) (70%) were the predominant fatty acids, followed by polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) (19%) and saturated fatty acids (SFA) (10%). Glutamic acid and asparagine were the predominant amino acids. As for mineral content, N-spirulina and E-spirulina were the brownies with the highest iron bioaccessibility; Si, Na, B, Al, P, Fe, Zn, Bi, Ca, Cu, Mg, Mn, Rb, S, and Sr being the most abundant elements in the brownies of this study. In addition, the HXT and Moringa samples scored higher in overall acceptability compared to the controls. The findings suggest that the incorporation of psyllium, quinoa flour, and antioxidant extracts in brownies could be a viable approach to produce a healthy brownie enriched with fiber, antioxidants and, therefore, considering the nutritional, physicochemical, and organoleptic characteristics, HTX is the ideal compound to enrich bakery products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Peñalver
- Department of Food Technology, Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”University of MurciaMurciaSpain
| | - Lorena Martínez‐Zamora
- Department of Food Technology, Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”University of MurciaMurciaSpain
| | - José Manuel Lorenzo
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de GaliciaParque Tecnolóxico de GaliciaOurenseSpain
- Área de Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Ciencias de OurenseUniversidad de VigoOurenseSpain
| | - Gaspar Ros
- Department of Food Technology, Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”University of MurciaMurciaSpain
| | - Gema Nieto Martínez
- Department of Food Technology, Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”University of MurciaMurciaSpain
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Uzlasir T, Isik O, Uslu LH, Selli S, Kelebek H. Impact of different salt concentrations on growth, biochemical composition and nutrition quality of Phaeodactylum tricornutum and Spirulina platensis. Food Chem 2023; 429:136843. [PMID: 37454614 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.136843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
The effects of different salt concentrations on the growth, aroma and quality parameters of P. tricornutum and S. platensis were investigated for the first time.Salt contents were 15, 25, 30 and 35‰ for the P. tricornutum and 20, 25, 30 and 35‰ for the S. platensis culture. Aroma compounds were analyzed by HS-SPME-GC/MS while the organic acid and sugar composition were studied by HPLC-PDA-RID.The main amino acids were glutamic acid (6.24-12.96 mg/100 g) and alanine (3.67-13.65 mg/100 g) while the prevailing sugars were sucrose (229-1099 mg/100 g) and glucose (192-2322 mg/100 g) in the P. tricornutum and S. platensis samples.The most prevailing aroma compound was acetic acid (113 µg/kg) in the P. tricornutum samples and heptadecane (36941 µg/kg) in the S. platensis samples.A significant reduction was found in the amount of aroma compounds, amino acids, sugars and organic acids with increasing salt concentration.The study results are valuable for producing high-quality and flavorful P. tricornutum and S. platensis products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Turkan Uzlasir
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Adana Alparslan Turkes Science and Technology University, 01250 Adana Turkey
| | - Oya Isik
- Department of Fishery Basic Sciences, Faculty of Fisheries, Cukurova University, 01330 Adana Turkey
| | - Leyla Hizarci Uslu
- Department of Fishery Basic Sciences, Faculty of Fisheries, Cukurova University, 01330 Adana Turkey
| | - Serkan Selli
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Cukurova University, 01330 Adana Turkey
| | - Hasim Kelebek
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Adana Alparslan Turkes Science and Technology University, 01250 Adana Turkey.
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25
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Cutolo EA, Caferri R, Campitiello R, Cutolo M. The Clinical Promise of Microalgae in Rheumatoid Arthritis: From Natural Compounds to Recombinant Therapeutics. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:630. [PMID: 38132951 PMCID: PMC10745133 DOI: 10.3390/md21120630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an invalidating chronic autoimmune disorder characterized by joint inflammation and progressive bone damage. Dietary intervention is an important component in the treatment of RA to mitigate oxidative stress, a major pathogenic driver of the disease. Alongside traditional sources of antioxidants, microalgae-a diverse group of photosynthetic prokaryotes and eukaryotes-are emerging as anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory food supplements. Several species accumulate therapeutic metabolites-mainly lipids and pigments-which interfere in the pro-inflammatory pathways involved in RA and other chronic inflammatory conditions. The advancement of the clinical uses of microalgae requires the continuous exploration of phytoplankton biodiversity and chemodiversity, followed by the domestication of wild strains into reliable producers of said metabolites. In addition, the tractability of microalgal genomes offers unprecedented possibilities to establish photosynthetic microbes as light-driven biofactories of heterologous immunotherapeutics. Here, we review the evidence-based anti-inflammatory mechanisms of microalgal metabolites and provide a detailed coverage of the genetic engineering strategies to enhance the yields of endogenous compounds and to develop innovative bioproducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo Andrea Cutolo
- Laboratory of Photosynthesis and Bioenergy, Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy;
| | - Roberto Caferri
- Laboratory of Photosynthesis and Bioenergy, Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy;
| | - Rosanna Campitiello
- Research Laboratory and Academic Division of Clinical Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, IRCCS San Martino Polyclinic Hospital, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV, 6, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (R.C.)
| | - Maurizio Cutolo
- Research Laboratory and Academic Division of Clinical Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, IRCCS San Martino Polyclinic Hospital, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV, 6, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (R.C.)
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26
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Al-Azhary DB, Sawy SA, Fawzy Hassan H, Meligi NM. Potential effects of spirulina and date palm pollens on zinc oxide nanoparticles -induced hepatoxicity, oxidative stress, and inflammation in male albino rats. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2023; 12:1051-1062. [PMID: 38145102 PMCID: PMC10734569 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfad096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The application of Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) is substantially growing in industrial products. Therefore, humans are increasingly exposed to ZnO NPs daily due to their extensive range of applications, raising worries about their possible toxicity. AIM In this study, the ameliorative effects of raw Phoenix dactylifera L. (date palm) pollens (DPP) and Spirulina platensis (SP) independently against ZnO NPS-induced hepatoxicity in male albino rats were examined. METHODS Six groups (6/group) of adult male albino rats received oral treatment using distilled water (control), SP (1000 mg/kg b. wt.), DPP (100 mg/kg b. wt.), ZnO NPs (100 mg/kg b. wt.), ZnO NPs +SP, and ZnO NPs + DPP respectively for 15 days. RESULTS The results of the biochemical investigation indicated that the administration of ZnO NPs substantially upregulated (p < 0.05) transaminases, alkaline phosphatase, and bilirubin serum levels. Malondialdehyde and pro-inflammatory cytokine serum levels were also elevated after ZnO NPs administration. Simultaneously, the downregulated catalase and glutathione peroxidase serum activities were significantly suppressed in ZnO NPs treated rats. Moreover, exposure to ZnO NPs induced liver histopathological alterations. The administration of SP and DPP ameliorated the aforementioned effects caused by ZnO NPs. This result can be attributable to the downregulation of hepatic transaminases, alkaline phosphatase, and bilirubin in the serum and the antioxidation system's equilibration, thus alleviating the accumulation of reactive oxygen species. CONCLUSION SP and DPP are natural antioxidants with the potential to eliminate inflammation as well as oxidative damage caused by ZnO NPs in hepatic tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diaa B Al-Azhary
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, Cairo-Aswan Road, Minia 61519, Egypt
| | - Samar A Sawy
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, Cairo-Aswan Road, Minia 61519, Egypt
| | - Hanaa Fawzy Hassan
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, Cairo-Aswan Road, Minia 61519, Egypt
| | - Noha M Meligi
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, Cairo-Aswan Road, Minia 61519, Egypt
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27
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van der Heijden I, West S, Monteyne AJ, Finnigan TJA, Abdelrahman DR, Murton AJ, Stephens FB, Wall BT. Algae Ingestion Increases Resting and Exercised Myofibrillar Protein Synthesis Rates to a Similar Extent as Mycoprotein in Young Adults. J Nutr 2023; 153:3406-3417. [PMID: 37716611 PMCID: PMC10739781 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.08.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spirulina [SPIR] (cyanobacterium) and chlorella [CHLO] (microalgae) are foods rich in protein and essential amino acids; however, their capacity to stimulate myofibrillar protein synthesis (MyoPS) in humans remains unknown. OBJECTIVES We assessed the impact of ingesting SPIR and CHLO compared with an established high-quality nonanimal-derived dietary protein source (fungal-derived mycoprotein [MYCO]) on plasma amino acid concentrations, as well as resting and postexercise MyoPS rates in young adults. METHODS Thirty-six healthy young adults (age: 22 ± 3 y; BMI: 23 ± 3 kg·m-2; male [m]/female [f], 18/18) participated in a randomized, double-blind, parallel-group trial. Participants received a primed, continuous infusion of L-[ring-2H5]-phenylalanine and completed a bout of unilateral-resistance leg exercise before ingesting a drink containing 25 g protein from MYCO (n = 12; m/f, 6/6), SPIR (n = 12; m/f, 6/6), or CHLO (n = 12; m/f, 6/6). Blood and bilateral muscle samples were collected at baseline and during a 4-h postprandial and postexercise period to assess the plasma amino acid concentrations and MyoPS rates in rested and exercised tissue. RESULTS Protein ingestion increased the plasma total and essential amino acid concentrations (time effects; all P < 0.001), but most rapidly and with higher peak responses following the ingestion of SPIR compared with MYCO and CHLO (P < 0.05), and MYCO compared with CHLO (P < 0.05). Protein ingestion increased MyoPS rates (time effect; P < 0.001) in both rested (MYCO, from 0.041 ± 0.032 to 0.060 ± 0.015%·h-1; SPIR, from 0.042 ± 0.030 to 0.066 ± 0.022%·h-1; and CHLO, from 0.037 ± 0.007 to 0.055 ± 0.019%·h-1, respectively) and exercised tissue (MYCO, from 0.046 ± 0.014 to 0.092 ± 0.024%·h-1; SPIR, from 0.038 ± 0.011 to 0.086 ± 0.028%·h-1; and CHLO, from 0.048 ± 0.019 to 0.090 ± 0.024%·h-1, respectively), with no differences between groups (interaction effect; P > 0.05), but with higher rates in exercised compared with rested muscle (time × exercise effect; P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The ingestion of a single bolus of algae-derived SPIR and CHLO increases resting and postexercise MyoPS rates to a comparable extent as MYCO, despite divergent postprandial plasma amino acid responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ino van der Heijden
- Department of Public Health and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Sam West
- Department of Public Health and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Alistair J Monteyne
- Department of Public Health and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | | | - Doaa R Abdelrahman
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States; Sealy Center on Aging, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Andrew J Murton
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States; Sealy Center on Aging, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Francis B Stephens
- Department of Public Health and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Benjamin T Wall
- Department of Public Health and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom.
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28
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Mishra P, Das R, Chaudhary A, Mishra B, Jha R. Effects of microalgae, with or without xylanase supplementation, on growth performance, organs development, and gut health parameters of broiler chickens. Poult Sci 2023; 102:103056. [PMID: 37722276 PMCID: PMC10518709 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Microalgae are becoming potential sustainable feed ingredients, whereas terrestrial feedstuffs are becoming scarce and costly. They are rich in nutritional and functional values but have lower digestibility. This study evaluated the effects of microalgae with or without xylanase supplementation on growth performance and gut health of broiler chickens. A total of 162-day-old Cobb 500 chicks were raised for 35 d. Birds were fed with either 1 of the 3 dietary treatments: 1) corn-soybean meal-based diet (CON), 2) CON + 3% microalgae (MAG), and 3) MAG + xylanase (MAG+XYN) in 2 phases (starter: d 0-21 and finisher: d 22-35) in mash form. Each dietary treatment had 6 replicates, with 9 birds in each replicate. The level of significance was considered at the P value <0.05. The BW, ADG, and ADFI were significantly higher in MAG by 50%, 52.5%, and 42.4%, respectively, and MAG+XYN by 44.1%, 49.7%, and 38.6%, respectively, compared to the CON group. No significant difference was observed for FCR; however, FCR was reduced by 6.3% in both MAG and MAG+XYN groups compared to the CON group. The carcass and organ weight relative to the total body weight were not significantly different among the treatments. The expressions of Zonula occludens 1 (ZO1), Cluster of differentiation 56 (CD56), and Solute carrier family 7 member 7 (SLC7A7) were significantly modulated, for example, by 3.7, 3.9, and 3.3 folds, respectively, in the MAG group compared to CON and 0.8, 0.6, and 1.1 folds, respectively, in the MAG group compared to MAG+XYN groups on d 35. Villi surface area (VSA) of ileum tended to increase on d 3 (P = 0.0725) and d 35 (P = 0.0785) in the MAG and MAG+XYN groups, compared to the CON group. The results suggest that adding microalgae with or without xylanase to broiler's diet could promote growth performance and show a tendency to improve gut health parameters. The nutrient profile and its functional properties make microalgae a valuable resource to the poultry industry as a part substitution of corn and soybean meal and a functional feed supplement to modulate the gut health of broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pravin Mishra
- Department of Human Nutrition, Food and Animal Sciences, College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Razib Das
- Department of Human Nutrition, Food and Animal Sciences, College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Ajay Chaudhary
- Department of Human Nutrition, Food and Animal Sciences, College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Birendra Mishra
- Department of Human Nutrition, Food and Animal Sciences, College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Rajesh Jha
- Department of Human Nutrition, Food and Animal Sciences, College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA.
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Hatami M, Mojani-Qomi MS, Javid Z, Taghavi M, Bakhshandeh H, Sanaei Delir Zavaragh D, Mikaniki F, Nazari M, Seyedmehdi SA, Rahmani J, Norouzi M, Shadnoush M. Possible ameliorative role of Spirulina platensis on coagulation factors, lymphocytopenia, and malnutrition in ICU patients with COVID-19. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2023; 48:799-807. [PMID: 37429042 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2022-0405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Considering the anti-viral effects of Spirulina platensis (Sp), this study investigated the impact of Sp on impaired blood biomarkers of patients hospitalized in the intensive care unit (ICU) with COVID-19. Therefore, 104 patients (aged 48-66; 61.5% male) were randomly assigned to the Sp (daily consumption of 5 g) or placebo group for 2 weeks. Linear regression analysis was employed to assess the differences in blood test results between the control and intervention groups among patients with COVID-19. Our results showed significant differences in certain hematological tests, including a higher level of hematocrit (HCT) and a lower platelet count (PLT) in the intervention group (p < 0.05). The percentage of lymphocytes (Lym%) in serology testing was significantly different between the control and intervention groups (p = 0.03). In terms of biochemical test analyses, Sp supplementation was associated with reduced levels of both blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) (p = 0.01). Furthermore, on day 14, the intervention group displayed significantly higher medians of serum protein, albumin, and zinc compared to the control group (p < 0.05). Additionally, patients supplemented with Sp had a lower BUN-albumin ratio (BAR) (p = 0.01). No immunological and hormonal differences were observed between groups following 2 weeks. Our analysis indicates that Sp supplementation may be effective in regulating some blood test abnormalities associated with COVID-19. This study was registered at ISRCTN as IRCT20200720048139N1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monireh Hatami
- Department of Food Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mansooreh Sadat Mojani-Qomi
- Department of Food Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
- Nutrition and Food Sciences Research Center, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zeinab Javid
- Department of Nutrition, Farhikhtegan Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Taghavi
- Department of Nutrition, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hooman Bakhshandeh
- Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Davood Sanaei Delir Zavaragh
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tehran Medical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Mikaniki
- Department of Internal Medicine, Farhikhtegan Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mojgan Nazari
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Seyed Ahmad Seyedmehdi
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Farhikhtegan Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jamal Rahmani
- Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Norouzi
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Research Center for Clinical Virology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Shadnoush
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition & Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Ferrazzano GF, D’Ambrosio F, Caruso S, Gatto R, Caruso S. Bioactive Peptides Derived from Edible Insects: Effects on Human Health and Possible Applications in Dentistry. Nutrients 2023; 15:4611. [PMID: 37960264 PMCID: PMC10650930 DOI: 10.3390/nu15214611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Novel foods, including edible insects, are emerging because of their nutritional characteristics and low environmental impacts and could represent a valid alternative source of food in a more sustainable way. Edible insects have been shown to have beneficial effects on human health. Insect-derived bioactive peptides exert antihypertensive, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties and have protective effects against common metabolic conditions. In this review, the roles of edible insects in human health are reported, and the possible applications of these peptides in clinical practice are discussed. A special mention is given to the role of antimicrobial peptides and their potential applications in controlling infections in orthodontic procedures. In this context, insects' antimicrobial peptides might represent a potential tool to face the onset of infective endocarditis, with a low chance to develop resistances, and could be manipulated and optimized to replace common antibiotics used in clinical practice so far. Although some safety concerns must be taken into consideration, and the isolation and production of insect-derived proteins are far from easy, edible insects represent an interesting source of peptides, with beneficial effects that may be, in the future, integrated into clinical and orthodontic practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianmaria Fabrizio Ferrazzano
- UNESCO Chair in Health Education and Sustainable Development, Paediatric Dentistry Section, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80138 Naples, Italy;
| | - Francesca D’Ambrosio
- Department of Laboratory and Infectious Diseases Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Caruso
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (S.C.); (R.G.); (S.C.)
| | - Roberto Gatto
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (S.C.); (R.G.); (S.C.)
| | - Silvia Caruso
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (S.C.); (R.G.); (S.C.)
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Marín-Prida J, Rodríguez-Ulloa A, Besada V, Llopiz-Arzuaga A, Batista NV, Hernández-González I, Pavón-Fuentes N, Marciano Vieira ÉL, Falcón-Cama V, Acosta EF, Martínez-Donato G, Cervantes-Llanos M, Lingfeng D, González LJ, Fernández-Massó JR, Guillén-Nieto G, Pentón-Arias E, Amaral FA, Teixeira MM, Pentón-Rol G. The effects of Phycocyanobilin on experimental arthritis involve the reduction in nociception and synovial neutrophil infiltration, inhibition of cytokine production, and modulation of the neuronal proteome. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1227268. [PMID: 37936684 PMCID: PMC10627171 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1227268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The antinociceptive and pharmacological activities of C-Phycocyanin (C-PC) and Phycocyanobilin (PCB) in the context of inflammatory arthritis remain unexplored so far. In the present study, we aimed to assess the protective actions of these compounds in an experimental mice model that replicates key aspects of human rheumatoid arthritis. Methods Antigen-induced arthritis (AIA) was established by intradermal injection of methylated bovine serum albumin in C57BL/6 mice, and one hour before the antigen challenge, either C-PC (2, 4, or 8 mg/kg) or PCB (0.1 or 1 mg/kg) were administered intraperitoneally. Proteome profiling was also conducted on glutamate-exposed SH-SY5Y neuronal cells to evaluate the PCB impact on this key signaling pathway associated with nociceptive neuronal sensitization. Results and discussion C-PC and PCB notably ameliorated hypernociception, synovial neutrophil infiltration, myeloperoxidase activity, and the periarticular cytokine concentration of IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-17A, and IL-4 dose-dependently in AIA mice. In addition, 1 mg/kg PCB downregulated the gene expression for T-bet, RORγ, and IFN-γ in the popliteal lymph nodes, accompanied by a significant reduction in the pathological arthritic index of AIA mice. Noteworthy, neuronal proteome analysis revealed that PCB modulated biological processes such as pain, inflammation, and glutamatergic transmission, all of which are involved in arthritic pathology. Conclusions These findings demonstrate the remarkable efficacy of PCB in alleviating the nociception and inflammation in the AIA mice model and shed new light on mechanisms underlying the PCB modulation of the neuronal proteome. This research work opens a new avenue to explore the translational potential of PCB in developing a therapeutic strategy for inflammation and pain in rheumatoid arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Marín-Prida
- Center for Research and Biological Evaluations, Institute of Pharmacy and Food, University of Havana, Havana, Cuba
| | - Arielis Rodríguez-Ulloa
- Division of Biomedical Research, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Havana, Cuba
| | - Vladimir Besada
- Division of Biomedical Research, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Havana, Cuba
- China-Cuba Biotechnology Joint Innovation Center (CCBJIC), Yongzhou Zhong Gu Biotechnology Co. Ltd, Yongzhou, China
| | - Alexey Llopiz-Arzuaga
- Division of Biomedical Research, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Havana, Cuba
- Department of Cellular Engineering and Biocatalysis , Institute of Biotechnology, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Nathália Vieira Batista
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Nancy Pavón-Fuentes
- Immunochemical Department, International Center for Neurological Restoration (CIREN), Havana, Cuba
| | - Érica Leandro Marciano Vieira
- Translational Psychoneuroimmunology Group, School of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Viviana Falcón-Cama
- Division of Biomedical Research, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Havana, Cuba
- Departments of Physiological or Morphological Sciences, Latin American School of Medicine (ELAM), Havana, Cuba
| | - Emilio F. Acosta
- Department of Characterization, Center for Advanced Studies of Cuba, Havana, Cuba
| | - Gillian Martínez-Donato
- Division of Biomedical Research, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Havana, Cuba
| | - Majel Cervantes-Llanos
- Division of Biomedical Research, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Havana, Cuba
| | - Dai Lingfeng
- China-Cuba Biotechnology Joint Innovation Center (CCBJIC), Yongzhou Zhong Gu Biotechnology Co. Ltd, Yongzhou, China
| | - Luis J. González
- Division of Biomedical Research, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Havana, Cuba
| | | | - Gerardo Guillén-Nieto
- Division of Biomedical Research, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Havana, Cuba
- Departments of Physiological or Morphological Sciences, Latin American School of Medicine (ELAM), Havana, Cuba
| | - Eduardo Pentón-Arias
- Division of Biomedical Research, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Havana, Cuba
- Departments of Physiological or Morphological Sciences, Latin American School of Medicine (ELAM), Havana, Cuba
| | - Flávio Almeida Amaral
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Mauro Martins Teixeira
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Giselle Pentón-Rol
- Division of Biomedical Research, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Havana, Cuba
- Departments of Physiological or Morphological Sciences, Latin American School of Medicine (ELAM), Havana, Cuba
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Arrari F, Jabri MA, Ayari A, Dakhli N, Ben Fayala C, Boubaker S, Sebai H. Chromatographic Analyses of Spirulina (Arthrospira platensis) and Mechanism of Its Protective Effects against Experimental Obesity and Hepatic Steatosis in Rats. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:1823. [PMID: 37893541 PMCID: PMC10608300 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59101823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Obesity is currently a major health problem due to fatty acid accumulation and excess intake of energy, which leads to an increase in oxidative stress, particularly in the liver. The main goal of this study is to evaluate the protective effects of spirulina (SP) against cafeteria diet (CD)-induced obesity, oxidative stress, and lipotoxicity in rats. Materials and Methods: The rats were divided into four groups and received daily treatments for eight weeks as follows: control group fed a standard diet (SD 360 g/d); cafeteria diet group (CD 360 g/d); spirulina group (SP 500 mg/kg); and CD + SP group (500 mg/kg, b.w., p.o.) according to body weight (b.w.) per oral (p.o.). Results: Our results show that treatment with a CD increased the weights of the body, liver, and abdominal fat. Additionally, severe hepatic alteration, disturbances in the metabolic parameters of serum, and lipotoxicity associated with oxidative stress in response to the CD-induced obesity were observed. However, SP treatment significantly reduced the liver alteration of CD feed and lipid profile disorder associated with obesity. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that spirulina has a marked potential therapeutic effect against obesity and mitigates disturbances in liver function parameters, histological alterations, and oxidative stress status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Arrari
- Laboratory of Functional Physiology and Valorization of Bio-Resources, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Beja, University of Jendouba, Beja 9000, Tunisia; (M.-A.J.); (H.S.)
| | - Mohamed-Amine Jabri
- Laboratory of Functional Physiology and Valorization of Bio-Resources, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Beja, University of Jendouba, Beja 9000, Tunisia; (M.-A.J.); (H.S.)
| | - Ala Ayari
- Laboratory of Functional Physiology and Valorization of Bio-Resources, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Beja, University of Jendouba, Beja 9000, Tunisia; (M.-A.J.); (H.S.)
| | - Nouha Dakhli
- Laboratory of Functional Physiology and Valorization of Bio-Resources, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Beja, University of Jendouba, Beja 9000, Tunisia; (M.-A.J.); (H.S.)
| | - Chayma Ben Fayala
- Laboratory of Human and Experimental Pathological Anatomy, Pasteur Institute of Tunisia, Tunis 1002, Tunisia
| | - Samir Boubaker
- Laboratory of Human and Experimental Pathological Anatomy, Pasteur Institute of Tunisia, Tunis 1002, Tunisia
| | - Hichem Sebai
- Laboratory of Functional Physiology and Valorization of Bio-Resources, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Beja, University of Jendouba, Beja 9000, Tunisia; (M.-A.J.); (H.S.)
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Ali Y, Aubeeluck R, Gurney T. Fourteen-Days Spirulina Supplementation Increases Hemoglobin, but Does Not Provide Ergogenic Benefit in Recreationally Active Cyclists: A Double-Blinded Randomized Crossover Trial. J Diet Suppl 2023; 21:261-280. [PMID: 37807529 DOI: 10.1080/19390211.2023.2263564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Spirulina supplementation has been reported to increase hemoglobin concentration as well as a variety of cardiorespiratory and lactate-based performance parameters during maximal and submaximal states of exercise. This study investigates the efficacy of supplementing a 6 g/day dosage of spirulina for 14-days in recreationally active individuals, analyzing cardiorespiratory parameters during maximal and submaximal cycling as well as the potential mechanistic role of hemoglobin augmentation. 17 recreationally active individuals (Male = 14, Female = 3, Age 23 ± 5 years, V̇O2max 43.3 ± 8.6 ml/min·kg) ingested 6 g/day of spirulina or placebo for 14-days in a double-blinded randomized crossover study, with a 14-day washout period between trials. Participants completed a 20-min submaximal cycle at 40% maximal power output (WRmax), followed by a V̇O2max test. Hemoglobin (g/L), WRmax (watts), time to fatigue (seconds), heart rate (bpm), oxygen uptake (ml/min·kg), RER and blood lactate response (mmol/L) were measured and compared between conditions. Cardiorespiratory variables were recorded at 5-min intervals and lactate was measured at 10-min intervals during the submaximal exercise. There was a significant 3.4% increase in hemoglobin concentration after spirulina supplementation in comparison to placebo (150.4 ± 9.5 g/L Vs 145.6 ± 9.4 g/L, p = 0.047). No significant differences existed between either condition in both testing protocols for V̇O2max, WRmax, time to fatigue, heart rate, oxygen uptake, RER and blood lactate response (p > 0.05). 14-days of spirulina supplementation significantly improved hemoglobin concentration but did not lead to any considerable ergogenic improvements during maximal or submaximal exercise at a 6 g/day dosage in recreationally active individuals whilst cycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunus Ali
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rama Aubeeluck
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tom Gurney
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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Ziyaei K, Abdi F, Mokhtari M, Daneshmehr MA, Ataie Z. Phycocyanin as a nature-inspired antidiabetic agent: A systematic review. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 119:154964. [PMID: 37544212 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.154964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nutraceuticals have been important for more than two decades for their safety, efficacy, and outstanding effects. Diabetes is a major metabolic syndrome, which may be improved using nutritional pharmaceuticals. Some microalgae species, such as spirulina, stand out by providing biomass with exceptional nutritional properties. Spirulina has a wide range of pharmacological effects, mostly related to phycocyanin. Phycocyanin is a protein compound with antidiabetic properties, known as a nutraceutical. OBJECTIVE This review delves into phycocyanin applications in diabetes and its complications and ascertains the mechanisms involved. METHODS Scopus, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and ProQuest databases were systematically reviewed (up to April 30, 2023), in which only animal and cellular studies were found. RESULTS According to animal studies, the administration of phycocyanin affected biochemical parameters (primary outcome) related to diabetes. These results showed an increase in fasting insulin serum and a decrease in fasting blood glucose, glycosylated serum protein, and glycosylated hemoglobin. In cellular studies, though, phycocyanin prevented methylglyoxal and human islet amyloid polypeptide-induced dysfunction in β-cells and induced apoptosis through different molecular pathways (secondary outcome), including activation of Nrf2, PI3K/Akt, and suppression of JNK and p38. Also, phycocyanin exerted its antidiabetic effect by affecting the pathways regulating hepatic glucose metabolism. CONCLUSIONS Thus, based on the available information and literature, targeting these pathways by phycocyanin may unleash an array of benefits, including positive outcomes of the antidiabetic effects of phycocyanin as a nutraceutical. OTHER This systematic review was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) at the National Institute of Health. The registration number is CRD42022307522.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kobra Ziyaei
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Abdi
- Non-communicable Diseases Research Centre, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Majid Mokhtari
- Department of Bioinformatics, Kish International Campus, University of Tehran, Kish Island, Iran; Department of Bioinformatics, Personalized Precision Medicine Institute, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Daneshmehr
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Ataie
- Evidence-based Phytotherapy & Complementary Medicine Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.
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35
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Moradi S, Foshati S, Poorbaferani F, Talebi S, Bagheri R, Amirian P, Parvizi F, Nordvall M, Wong A, Zobeiri M. The effects of spirulina supplementation on serum iron and ferritin, anemia parameters, and fecal occult blood in adults with ulcerative colitis: A randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2023; 57:755-763. [PMID: 37739734 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2023.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The present clinical trial aimed to evaluate the efficacy of spirulina administration on serum iron, ferritin, anemia parameters, and fecal occult blood test (FOBT) in adults with ulcerative colitis (UC). METHODS Eighty participants with UC were randomly assigned to take, either 1 g/day (two 500 mg capsules) spirulina (n = 40) or placebo (n = 40) in a double-blinded clinical trial for eight weeks. Dietary intake, physical activity status, serum iron and ferritin levels, anemia parameters, and FOBT were assessed in each participant at baseline and following the intervention. Seventy-three participants completed the trial. RESULTS Our results indicated significantly increased (p = 0.04) serum iron after eight weeks of spirulina supplementation compared to the placebo group. The spirulina group also demonstrated significantly increased mean corpuscular volume (p = 0.004) whereas red blood cell count (p = 0.01) and hematocrit (p = 0.03) were significantly lowered in the placebo group. No significant changes in FOBT outcomes were seen between groups at baseline (p = 0.12) and the end of the trial (p = 0.34). Eight weeks of 1 g/day spirulina supplementation improved anemia parameters in adults with UC compared to placebo. CONCLUSIONS These outcomes suggest that spirulina administration may be beneficial in the management of anemia in UC. Further clinical trials of longer duration are necessary to corroborate and expand our findings. Registered at: http://www.IRCT.ir (code: IRCT20170802035460N3).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajjad Moradi
- Nutritional Sciences Department, School of Nutritional Sciences and Food Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Sahar Foshati
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Fariborz Poorbaferani
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sepide Talebi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Science, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran; Students' Scientific Research Center (SSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Bagheri
- Department of Exercise Physiology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan 8174673441, Iran
| | - Parsa Amirian
- General Practitioner, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences (KUMS), Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Parvizi
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Michael Nordvall
- Marymount University, School of Health Sciences, Department of Health and Human Performance, Arlington, VA, USA
| | - Alexei Wong
- Marymount University, School of Health Sciences, Department of Health and Human Performance, Arlington, VA, USA
| | - Mehdi Zobeiri
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Iran.
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Usluel G, Acikgoz B, Dalkiran B, Kiray A, Aksu I, Kiray M. The effects of Spirulina platensis on behavior in adolescent rats fed a high-fat diet. Int J Dev Neurosci 2023; 83:505-517. [PMID: 37315948 DOI: 10.1002/jdn.10281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, childhood overweight and obesity have become a universal public health problem. Obesity may lead to cognitive disorders, depression and anxiety by affecting neuronal processes. Spirulina platensis (SP), a species of microalgae from the Chlorophyceae green algae class, has neuroprotective effects and may reduce body weight. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of SP on behavior alongside the role of leptin and Sirtuin-1 in fed with high-fat diet (HFD) adolescent rats. Four-week-old Sprague Dawley male rats were divided into four groups: control, HFD, HFD + SP150 (150 mg/kg/day SP, orally), HFD + SP450 (450 mg/kg/day SP, orally). Rats except for the control group exposed to 60% HFD along 12 weeks. Last 6 weeks SP or vehicle administered. After the behavioral tests, leptin and Sirtuin-1 levels in prefrontal cortex and hippocampus regions were evaluated. SP150 significantly reduced body weight compared with HFD group. The time spent in the center of open field increased significantly in SP150-treated rats compared with HFD. SP150 and SP450 significantly decreased immobility time in forced swim test compared with HFD. Leptin levels in HFD group were significantly lower in prefrontal cortex compared to control group. Leptin levels of the HFD + SP450 group were significantly higher than HFD group in the hippocampus. There was no significant difference between groups in Sirtuin-1 levels. In conclusion, SP supplementation in adolescence period might positively affect chronic high fat-induced anxiety-like and depressive-like behavior by partially affecting brain leptin levels and without affecting Sirtuin-1 levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gizem Usluel
- Department of Physiology, Dokuz Eylul University Medical Faculty, Izmir, Turkey
- Health Sciences Institute, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Burcu Acikgoz
- Department of Physiology, Dokuz Eylul University Medical Faculty, Izmir, Turkey
- Health Sciences Institute, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Bahar Dalkiran
- Department of Physiology, Dokuz Eylul University Medical Faculty, Izmir, Turkey
- Health Sciences Institute, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Amac Kiray
- Department of Anatomy, Dokuz Eylul University Medical Faculty, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ilkay Aksu
- Department of Physiology, Dokuz Eylul University Medical Faculty, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Muge Kiray
- Department of Physiology, Dokuz Eylul University Medical Faculty, Izmir, Turkey
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Chaudhary A, Mishra P, Amaz SA, Mahato PL, Das R, Jha R, Mishra B. Dietary supplementation of microalgae mitigates the negative effects of heat stress in broilers. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102958. [PMID: 37540947 PMCID: PMC10407898 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Heat stress in poultry is a serious concern, affecting their health and productivity. To effectively address the issue of heat stress, it is essential to include antioxidant-rich compounds in the poultry diet to ensure the proper functioning of the redox system. Microalgae (Spirulina platensis) are rich in antioxidants and have several health benefits in humans and animals. However, its role in health and production and the underlying mechanism in heat-stressed broilers are poorly understood. This study aimed to determine the effect of microalgae supplementation on the health and production of heat-stressed broilers. Cobb500 day-old chicks (N = 144) were raised in litter floor pens (6 pens/treatment and 8 birds/pen). The treatment groups were: 1) no heat stress (NHS), 2) heat stress (HS), and 3) heat stress + 3% microalgae (HS+MAG). The broilers in the HS+MAG group were fed a diet supplemented with 3% microalgae, whereas NHS and HS groups were fed a standard broiler diet. Broilers in the NHS were raised under standard temperature (20°C-24°C), while HS and HS+MAG broilers were subjected to cyclic heat stress from d 22 to 35 (32°C-33°C for 8 h). Heat stress significantly decreased the final body weight, whereas the supplementation of microalgae increased the final body weight of broilers (P < 0.05). The expressions of ileal antioxidant (GPX3), immune-related (IL4), and tight-junction (CLDN2) genes were increased in microalgae-supplemented broilers compared to heat-stressed broilers (P < 0.05). The ileal villus height to crypt depth ratio was improved in microalgae-supplemented broilers (P < 0.05). In addition, microbial alpha, and beta diversities were higher in the HS+MAG group compared to the HS group (P < 0.05). There was an increase in volatile fatty acid-producing bacteria at the genus level, such as Ruminococcus, Ocillospira, Lactobacillus, Oscillobacter, Flavonifractor, and Colidextribacter in the group that received microalgae supplementation. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of microalgae improved the growth performances of heat-stressed broilers by improving their physiogenomics. Thus, the dietary inclusion of microalgae can potentially mitigate heat stress in broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Chaudhary
- Department of Human Nutrition, Food and Animal Sciences, College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Pravin Mishra
- Department of Human Nutrition, Food and Animal Sciences, College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Sadid Al Amaz
- Department of Human Nutrition, Food and Animal Sciences, College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Prem Lal Mahato
- Department of Human Nutrition, Food and Animal Sciences, College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Razib Das
- Department of Human Nutrition, Food and Animal Sciences, College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Rajesh Jha
- Department of Human Nutrition, Food and Animal Sciences, College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Birendra Mishra
- Department of Human Nutrition, Food and Animal Sciences, College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA.
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Fu Y, Du X, Cui Y, Xiong K, Wang J. Nutritional intervention is promising in alleviating liver injury during tuberculosis treatment: a review. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1261148. [PMID: 37810929 PMCID: PMC10552157 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1261148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver injury is a main adverse effect of first-line tuberculosis drugs. Current management of tuberculosis-drug-induced liver injury (TBLI) mainly relies on withdrawing tuberculosis drugs when necessary. No effective treatment exists. Various nutrients and functional food ingredients may play a protective role in TBLI. However, a comprehensive review has not been conducted to compare the effects of these nutrients and functional food ingredients. We searched Pubmed and Web of Science databases from the earliest date of the database to March 2023. All available in-vitro, animal and clinical studies that examined the effects of nutritional intervention on TBLI were included. The underlying mechanism was briefly reviewed. Folic acid, quercetin, curcumin, Lactobacillus casei, spirulina and Moringa oleifera possessed moderate evidence to have a beneficial effect on alleviating TBLI mostly based on animal studies. The evidence of other nutritional interventions on TBLI was weak. Alleviating oxidative stress and apoptosis were the leading mechanisms for the beneficial effects of nutritional intervention on TBLI. In conclusion, a few nutritional interventions are promising for alleviating TBLI including folic acid, quercetin, curcumin, L. casei, spirulina and M. oleifera, the effectiveness and safety of which need further confirmation by well-designed randomized controlled trials. The mechanisms for the protective role of these nutritional interventions on TBLI warrant further study, particularly by establishing the animal model of TBLI using the tuberculosis drugs separately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujin Fu
- School of Public Health, Institute of Nutrition and Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xianfa Du
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yingchun Cui
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The 971 Naval Hospital, Qingdao, China
| | - Ke Xiong
- School of Public Health, Institute of Nutrition and Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jinyu Wang
- School of Public Health, Institute of Nutrition and Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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Castro-Gerónimo VD, García-Rodríguez RV, Sánchez-Medina A, Chamorro-Cevallos GA, Sánchez-González DJ, Méndez-Bolaina E. C-Phycocyanin: A Phycobiliprotein from Spirulina with Metabolic Syndrome and Oxidative Stress Effects. J Med Food 2023. [PMID: 37668603 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2022.0113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Spirulina maxima is a cyanobacterium considered a "superfood" due to its metabolites and nutrient content. These include a complex mixture of minerals, vitamins, fatty acids, proteins, and accessory pigments. In recent years, it has positioned itself as a promising source of bioactive molecules for the treatment of several diseases, including metabolic syndrome, coronary diseases, cancer, and the improvement of health modulating oxidative stress. C-Phycocyanin (C-PC) is a photosynthetic pigment from green-blue cyanobacterium and the most abundant phycobiliprotein in the Spirulina genus with various pharmacological properties attributed due to its antioxidant capacity but has no specific cellular target. This has made it a molecule of great interest in biomedical research. This review focuses on the pharmacological effects and the benefits on metabolic syndrome and oxidative stress of C-PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Van D Castro-Gerónimo
- Laboratorio de Farmacología y Quimiometría, Instituto de Química Aplicada, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, México
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, México
| | | | - Alberto Sánchez-Medina
- Laboratorio de Farmacología y Quimiometría, Instituto de Química Aplicada, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, México
| | - German A Chamorro-Cevallos
- Laboratorio de la Reproducción y la Fertilidad, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
| | | | - Enrique Méndez-Bolaina
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, México
- Maestría en Ciencias en Procesos Biológicos-Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Veracruzana, Orizaba, México
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Braga ARC, Nunes MC, Raymundo A. The Experimental Development of Emulsions Enriched and Stabilized by Recovering Matter from Spirulina Biomass: Valorization of Residue into a Sustainable Protein Source. Molecules 2023; 28:6179. [PMID: 37687008 PMCID: PMC10488792 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28176179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Spirulina consists of a cluster of green-colored cyanobacteria; it is commonly consumed as a food or food supplement rich in bioactive compounds with antioxidant activity, predominantly C-phycocyanin (C-PC), which is related to anti-inflammatory action and anticancer potential when consumed frequently. After C-PC extraction, the Spirulina residual biomass (RB) is rich in proteins and fatty acids with the potential for developing food products, which is interesting from the circular economy perspective. The present work aimed to develop a vegan oil-in-water emulsion containing different contents of Spirulina RB, obtaining a product aligned with current food trends. Emulsions with 3.0% (w/w) of proteins were prepared with different chickpea and Spirulina RB ratios. Emulsifying properties were evaluated regarding texture and rheological properties, color, antioxidant activity, and droplet size distribution. The results showed that it was possible to formulate stable protein-rich emulsions using recovering matter rich in protein from Spirulina as an innovative food ingredient. All the concentrations used of the RB promoted the formulation of emulsions presenting interesting rheological parameters compared with a more traditional protein source such as chickpea. The emulsions were also a source of antioxidant compounds and maintained the color for at least 30 days after production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Rafaela Cavalcante Braga
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Campus Diadema, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Diadema 09972-270, Brazil;
- Department of Biosciences, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Silva Jardim Street 136, Vila Mathias, Santos 11015-020, Brazil
| | - Maria Cristiana Nunes
- LEAF-Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food Research Center, Associate Laboratory TERRA, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal;
| | - Anabela Raymundo
- LEAF-Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food Research Center, Associate Laboratory TERRA, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal;
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Youssef IMI, Saleh ESE, Tawfeek SS, Abdel-Fadeel AAA, Abdel-Razik ARH, Abdel-Daim ASA. Effect of Spirulina platensis on growth, hematological, biochemical, and immunological parameters of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Trop Anim Health Prod 2023; 55:275. [PMID: 37498411 PMCID: PMC10374666 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-023-03690-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of Spirulina platensis in Nile tilapia diets on growth performance, blood hematological and biochemical parameters, immunological status, and intestinal histomorphometry. A total of 228 fish were randomly allocated into four groups with triplicates (19 fish per replicate). The first group was fed the control diet, which contained no Spirulina supplementation. The other three groups were fed diets containing graded levels of powdered Spirulina: 2.5%, 5.0%, and 10.0% in the second, third, and fourth group, respectively. S. platensis was added to the diets partially substituting the fish meal content. The experiment lasted for 8 weeks. The results showed that dietary Spirulina supplementation improved (P < 0.05) the body weight and length, weight gain, specific growth rate, condition factor, and feed conversion efficiency. Moreover, Spirulina increased significantly (P < 0.05) the hemoglobin, PCV, RBCs, and WBCs count. Also, it increased the lymphocytes, eosinophils, IgM level, lysozyme activity, and phagocytic activity in the blood. Additionally, the Spirulina raised (P < 0.05) the serum albumin level but reduced (P < 0.05) the creatinine and urea levels. The addition of Spirulina increased (P < 0.05) the height and width of intestinal villi and the lymphocytes and goblet cells count in the intestine. The obtained results were increased by increasing the inclusion level of Spirulina, especially for body weight and length, weight gain, FCR, phagocytic activity, and intestinal parameters. In conclusion, supplementing S. platensis can improve the growth performance of fish. Moreover, it can stimulate the immunity of fish through increasing the level of immunological blood indicators (IgM, lysozyme, phagocytic activity, lymphocytes, and eosinophils) as well as the local intestinal immunity (lymphocytes and goblet cells). So, it can be recommended to use S. platensis in fish diets not only to improve the growth performance but also to enhance the immune status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim M I Youssef
- Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62511, Egypt.
| | - Elham S E Saleh
- Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62511, Egypt
| | - Samar S Tawfeek
- Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62511, Egypt
| | - Asmaa A A Abdel-Fadeel
- Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62511, Egypt
| | - Abdel-Razik H Abdel-Razik
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62511, Egypt
| | - Asmaa S A Abdel-Daim
- Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62511, Egypt
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Fathy WA, AbdElgawad H, Hashem AH, Essawy E, Tawfik E, Al-Askar AA, Abdelhameed MS, Hammouda O, Elsayed KNM. Exploring Exogenous Indole-3-acetic Acid's Effect on the Growth and Biochemical Profiles of Synechocystis sp. PAK13 and Chlorella variabilis. Molecules 2023; 28:5501. [PMID: 37513371 PMCID: PMC10385099 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28145501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Microalgae have garnered scientific interest for their potential to produce bioactive compounds. However, the large-scale industrial utilization of microalgae faces challenges related to production costs and achieving optimal growth conditions. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the potential role of exogenous indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) application in improving the growth and production of bioactive metabolites in microalgae. To this end, the study employed different concentrations of exogenously administered IAA ranging from 0.36 µM to 5.69 µM to assess its influence on the growth and biochemical composition of Synechocystis and Chlorella. IAA exposure significantly increased IAA levels in both strains. Consequentially, improved biomass accumulation in parallel with increased total pigment content by approximately eleven-fold in both strains was observed. Furthermore, the application of IAA stimulated the accumulation of primary metabolites. Sugar levels were augmented, providing a carbon source that facilitated amino acid and fatty acid biosynthesis. As a result, amino acid levels were enhanced as well, leading to a 1.55-fold increase in total amino acid content in Synechocystis and a 1.42-fold increase in Chlorella. Total fatty acids content increased by 1.92-fold in Synechocystis and by 2.16-fold in Chlorella. Overall, the study demonstrated the effectiveness of exogenously adding IAA as a strategy for enhancing the accumulation of microalgae biomass and biomolecules. These findings contribute to the advancement of microalgae-based technologies, opening new avenues to produce economically important compounds derived from microalgae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wael A Fathy
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni Suef University, Beni Suef 62511, Egypt
- Doctoral School of Biology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Hamada AbdElgawad
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni Suef University, Beni Suef 62511, Egypt
- Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research (IMPRES), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, BE-2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Amr H Hashem
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt
| | - Ehab Essawy
- Biochemistry Division, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Helwan 11795, Egypt
| | - Eman Tawfik
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Helwan 11795, Egypt
| | - Abdulaziz A Al-Askar
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed S Abdelhameed
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni Suef University, Beni Suef 62511, Egypt
| | - Ola Hammouda
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni Suef University, Beni Suef 62511, Egypt
| | - Khaled N M Elsayed
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni Suef University, Beni Suef 62511, Egypt
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Dong X, Wu W, Pan P, Zhang XZ. Engineered Living Materials for Advanced Diseases Therapy. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023:e2304963. [PMID: 37436776 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202304963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
Natural living materials serving as biotherapeutics exhibit great potential for treating various diseases owing to their immunoactivity, tissue targeting, and other biological activities. In this review, the recent developments in engineered living materials, including mammalian cells, bacteria, viruses, fungi, microalgae, plants, and their active derivatives that are used for treating various diseases are summarized. Further, the future perspectives and challenges of such engineered living material-based biotherapeutics are discussed to provide considerations for future advances in biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Dong
- Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
- Medical Center of Hematology, Xinqiao Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, P. R. China
| | - Wei Wu
- Medical Center of Hematology, Xinqiao Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, P. R. China
| | - Pei Pan
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education and Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Xian-Zheng Zhang
- Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education and Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
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Zhang D, He J, Cui J, Wang R, Tang Z, Yu H, Zhou M. Oral Microalgae-Nano Integrated System against Radiation-Induced Injury. ACS NANO 2023; 17:10560-10576. [PMID: 37253200 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c01502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The increasing applications of ionizing radiation in society raise the risk of radiation-induced intestinal and whole-body injury. Astaxanthin is a powerful antioxidant to reduce the reactive oxygen generated from radiation and the subsequent damage. However, the oral administration of astaxanthin remains challenging owing to its low solubility and poor bioavailability. Herein, we facilely construct an orally used microalgae-nano integrated system (SP@ASXnano) against radiation-induced intestinal and whole-body injury, combining natural microalgae Spirulina platensis (SP) with astaxanthin nanoparticles (ASXnano). SP and ASXnano show complementation in drug delivery to improve distribution in the intestine and blood. SP displays limited gastric drug loss, prolonged intestinal retention, constant ASXnano release, and progressive degradation. ASXnano improves drug solubility, gastric stability, cell uptake, and intestinal absorption. SP and ASXnano have synergy in many aspects such as anti-inflammation, microbiota protection, and fecal short-chain fatty acid up-regulation. In addition, the system is ensured with biosafety for long-term administration. The system organically combines the properties of microalgae and nanoparticles, which was expected to expand the medical application of SP as a versatile drug delivery platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongxiao Zhang
- Department of Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, 322000, China
- Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute (ZJU-UoE Institute), Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Haining, 314400, China
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Jian He
- Department of Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, 322000, China
- Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute (ZJU-UoE Institute), Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Haining, 314400, China
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Jiarong Cui
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Ruoxi Wang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Zhe Tang
- Department of Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, 322000, China
| | - Hongyu Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Min Zhou
- Department of Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, 322000, China
- Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute (ZJU-UoE Institute), Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Haining, 314400, China
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Research Center for Life Science and Human Health, Binjiang Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
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Li X, Hou W, Lei J, Chen H, Wang Q. The Unique Light-Harvesting System of the Algal Phycobilisome: Structure, Assembly Components, and Functions. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119733. [PMID: 37298688 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The phycobilisome (PBS) is the major light-harvesting apparatus in cyanobacteria and red algae. It is a large multi-subunit protein complex of several megadaltons that is found on the stromal side of thylakoid membranes in orderly arrays. Chromophore lyases catalyse the thioether bond between apoproteins and phycobilins of PBSs. Depending on the species, composition, spatial assembly, and, especially, the functional tuning of different phycobiliproteins mediated by linker proteins, PBSs can absorb light between 450 and 650 nm, making them efficient and versatile light-harvesting systems. However, basic research and technological innovations are needed, not only to understand their role in photosynthesis but also to realise the potential applications of PBSs. Crucial components including phycobiliproteins, phycobilins, and lyases together make the PBS an efficient light-harvesting system, and these provide a scheme to explore the heterologous synthesis of PBS. Focusing on these topics, this review describes the essential components needed for PBS assembly, the functional basis of PBS photosynthesis, and the applications of phycobiliproteins. Moreover, key technical challenges for heterologous biosynthesis of phycobiliproteins in chassis cells are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Wenwen Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Jiaxi Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Hui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, China
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Pinchart PE, Leruste A, Pasqualini V, Mastroleo F. Microcystins and Cyanobacterial Contaminants in the French Small-Scale Productions of Spirulina ( Limnospira sp.). Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:354. [PMID: 37368655 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15060354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Spirulina is consumed worldwide, in the form of food or dietary supplements, for its nutritional value and health potential. However, these products may contain cyanotoxins, including hepatotoxic microcystins (MCs), produced by cyanobacterial contaminants. The French spirulina market has the particularity of being supplied half-locally by approximately 180 small-scale spirulina production farms. Data about this particular production and possible contaminations with other cyanobacteria and MCs are scarce. Thus, we collected the results of MC analyses and total cyanobacteria counts, carried out between 2013 and 2021, from 95 French spirulina producers who agreed to share their data. These data consisted of MC concentrations determined with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using 623 dry spirulina samples and 105 samples of spirulina cultures. In addition, potentially unsafe samples of dry spirulina were further investigated through mass spectrometry, as duplicate analysis. We confirmed that the situation of the French spirulina production stayed within the safe regulatory level in terms of MC levels. On the other hand, the inventory of cyanobacterial contaminants, based on 539 count results, included 14 taxa. We present their prevalence, interannual evolution and geographical distribution. We also suggested improvements in cultivation practices to limit their propagation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-Etienne Pinchart
- UMR 6134 SPE, Université de Corse Pasquale Paoli (UCPP), 20250 Corte, France
- Fédération des Spiruliniers de France (FSF), 34800 Clermont-l'Hérault, France
| | - Amandine Leruste
- Fédération des Spiruliniers de France (FSF), 34800 Clermont-l'Hérault, France
| | - Vanina Pasqualini
- UMR 6134 SPE, Université de Corse Pasquale Paoli (UCPP), 20250 Corte, France
| | - Felice Mastroleo
- Microbiology Unit, Nuclear Medical Applications, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, SCK CEN, 2400 Mol, Belgium
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Chaouachi M, Vincent S, Groussard C. A Review of the Health-Promoting Properties of Spirulina with a Focus on athletes' Performance and Recovery. J Diet Suppl 2023; 21:210-241. [PMID: 37143238 DOI: 10.1080/19390211.2023.2208663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Spirulina species are photosynthetic and filamentous bacteria, commonly called 'blue-green microalgae'. Spirulina has a high nutrient content. It contains 60-70% protein with all essential amino acids present, and is rich in several vitamins, minerals, and bioactive compounds. Spirulina is also rich in essential fatty acids, and antioxidants. This rich nutritional content provides to Spirulina several health benefits including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulation, and insulin-sensitizing properties as well as positive effects in various diseases which could be also interesting for athletes. This paper mainly aims to review the interest and effects of Spirulina supplementation in athletes at rest, and in relation to exercise/training. Spirulina's biochemical composition, health properties/effects in humans, and effects in athletes including nutritional status, body composition, physical performance and intense exercise-related disorders were discussed in this review. Literature data showed that Spirulina seems to have positive effects on body composition especially in overweight and obese subjects which could not be the case in other pathologies and athletes. Spirulina appears to be also effective in improving aerobic fitness especially in untrained and moderately trained subjects. Results reported in the literature suggest that Spirulina may improve strength and power performance despite the minor or no significant effects in highly trained subjects. Most studies have shown that Spirulina improves antioxidant status, prevents and accelerates the recovery of exercise-induced lipid peroxidation, muscle damage and inflammation in trained and untrained subjects. Taken together, the results from these studies are encouraging and may demonstrate the potential benefits of Spirulina supplementation in athletes despite methodological differences.
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Fernandes R, Campos J, Serra M, Fidalgo J, Almeida H, Casas A, Toubarro D, Barros AIRNA. Exploring the Benefits of Phycocyanin: From Spirulina Cultivation to Its Widespread Applications. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16040592. [PMID: 37111349 PMCID: PMC10144176 DOI: 10.3390/ph16040592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Large-scale production of microalgae and their bioactive compounds has steadily increased in response to global demand for natural compounds. Spirulina, in particular, has been used due to its high nutritional value, especially its high protein content. Promising biological functions have been associated with Spirulina extracts, mainly related to its high value added blue pigment, phycocyanin. Phycocyanin is used in several industries such as food, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals, which increases its market value. Due to the worldwide interest and the need to replace synthetic compounds with natural ones, efforts have been made to optimize large-scale production processes and maintain phycocyanin stability, which is a highly unstable protein. The aim of this review is to update the scientific knowledge on phycocyanin applications and to describe the reported production, extraction, and purification methods, including the main physical and chemical parameters that may affect the purity, recovery, and stability of phycocyanin. By implementing different techniques such as complete cell disruption, extraction at temperatures below 45 °C and a pH of 5.5-6.0, purification through ammonium sulfate, and filtration and chromatography, both the purity and stability of phycocyanin have been significantly improved. Moreover, the use of saccharides, crosslinkers, or natural polymers as preservatives has contributed to the increased market value of phycocyanin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Fernandes
- Mesosystem, Rua da Igreja Velha 295, 4410-160 Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal
| | - Joana Campos
- Mesosystem, Rua da Igreja Velha 295, 4410-160 Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal
| | - Mónica Serra
- Mesosystem, Rua da Igreja Velha 295, 4410-160 Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal
| | - Javier Fidalgo
- Mesosystem, Rua da Igreja Velha 295, 4410-160 Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal
| | - Hugo Almeida
- Mesosystem, Rua da Igreja Velha 295, 4410-160 Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal
- UCIBIO (Research Unit on Applied Molecular Biosciences), REQUIMTE (Rede de Química e Tecnologia), MEDTECH (Medicines and Healthcare Products), Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Casas
- Mesosystem, Rua da Igreja Velha 295, 4410-160 Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal
| | - Duarte Toubarro
- CBA and Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Azores, Rua Mãe de Deus No 13, 9500-321 Ponta Delgada, Portugal
| | - Ana I R N A Barros
- Mesosystem, Rua da Igreja Velha 295, 4410-160 Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production (Inov4Agro), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
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Stefanutti D, Tonin G, Morelli G, Zampieri RM, La Rocca N, Ricci R. Oral Palatability and Owners' Perception of the Effect of Increasing Amounts of Spirulina ( Arthrospira platensis) in the Diet of a Cohort of Healthy Dogs and Cats. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13081275. [PMID: 37106838 PMCID: PMC10135035 DOI: 10.3390/ani13081275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The nutraceutical supplementation of Spirulina (Arthrospira platensis) in dogs and cats has not yet been investigated. The aim of this study was to evaluate if the dietary supplementation of increasing amounts of Spirulina for 6 weeks is palatable to pets and to assess the owner's perception of such supplementation. The owners of the 60 dogs and 30 cats that participated in this study were instructed to daily provide Spirulina tablets starting with a daily amount of 0.4 g, 0.8 g, and 1.2 g for cats as well as small dogs, medium dogs, and large dogs, respectively, and allowing a dose escalation of 2× and 3× every 2 weeks. The daily amount (g/kg BW) of Spirulina ranged from 0.08 to 0.25 for cats, from 0.06 to 0.19 for small-sized dogs, from 0.05 to 0.15 for medium-sized dogs, and from 0.04 to 0.12 for large-sized dogs. Each owner completed a questionnaire at the time of recruitment and the end of each 2-week period. No significant effect on the fecal score, defecation frequency, vomiting, scratching, lacrimation, general health status, and behavioral attitudes was detected by the owners' reported evaluations. Most animals accepted Spirulina tablets either administrated alone or mixed with food in the bowl. Daily supplementation of Spirulina for 6 weeks in the amounts provided in this study is therefore palatable and well tolerated by dogs and cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Stefanutti
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy
| | - Gloria Tonin
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy
| | - Giada Morelli
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy
| | | | - Nicoletta La Rocca
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58/b, 35151 Padova, PD, Italy
| | - Rebecca Ricci
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy
- Vetekipp S.r.l., via del Cristo 326, 35127 Padova, PD, Italy
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Gentscheva G, Nikolova K, Panayotova V, Peycheva K, Makedonski L, Slavov P, Radusheva P, Petrova P, Yotkovska I. Application of Arthrospira platensis for Medicinal Purposes and the Food Industry: A Review of the Literature. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13030845. [PMID: 36984000 PMCID: PMC10058336 DOI: 10.3390/life13030845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Arthrospira platensis is a filamentous cyanobacterium of the class Cyanophyceae and is the most cultivated photosynthetic prokaryote. It is used in the pharmaceutical sector, medicine and the food industry. It has a rich micro- and macro-element composition, containing proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, essential amino acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids, minerals and raw fibers. It is a commonly used ingredient in food products and nutritional supplements. The wide range of biologically active components determines its diverse pharmacological properties (antioxidant, antidiabetic, antimicrobial, antineoplastic, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, photoprotective, antiviral, etc.). This review summarizes research related to the taxonomy, distribution and chemical composition of Arthrospira platensis as well as its potential application in the food and pharmaceutical industries. Attention is drawn to its various medical applications as an antidiabetic and antiobesity agent, with hepatoprotective, antitumor, antimicrobial and antiviral effects as well as regulatory effects on neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galia Gentscheva
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical University-Pleven, 5800 Pleven, Bulgaria
| | - Krastena Nikolova
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, Medical University-Varna, 9000 Varna, Bulgaria
| | | | - Katya Peycheva
- Department of Chemistry, Medical University-Varna, 9000 Varna, Bulgaria
| | | | - Pavlo Slavov
- Student of Medicine, Medical University-Varna, 9000 Varna, Bulgaria
| | - Poli Radusheva
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, Medical University-Varna, 9000 Varna, Bulgaria
| | - Petia Petrova
- Institute of Optical Materials and Technologies "Acad. J. Malinowski", Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Ina Yotkovska
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical University-Pleven, 5800 Pleven, Bulgaria
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