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Wu Y, Su B, Zhong P, Zhao Y, Chen C, Zheng X. Association between chronic disease status and transitions in depressive symptoms among middle-aged and older Chinese population: Insights from a Markov model-based cohort study. J Affect Disord 2024:S0165-0327(24)01177-7. [PMID: 39032710 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.07.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship between chronic disease status (CDS) and transitions in depressive symptoms (DS) remains unclear. This study explores the association between CDS and DS transitions. METHODS This cohort study analyzed data from 8175 participants aged 45+, sourced from China Family Panel Studies (2016, 2018, 2020). DS were assessed using a brief version of Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). CDS was categorized into healthy, single disease, and multimorbidity. Markov models were used to estimate state transition intensities, mean sojourn times and hazard ratios (HRs). RESULTS DS transitions occurred between adjacent and non-adjacent states, but transition intensity between adjacent states was higher than among non-adjacent states. Self-transition intensities of severe-DS, mild-DS, and non-DS progressively increased, with average durations of 1.365, 1.482, and 7.854 years, respectively. Both single disease and multimorbidity were significantly associated with an increased risk of transitioning from non-DS to mild-DS, with multimorbidity showing a stronger association. In contrast, HRs for single diseases transitioning from mild-DS to severe-DS were significantly lower than 1. Furthermore, their HRs were almost <1 in recovery transitions but not statistically significant. LIMITATIONS Specific chronic diseases and their combinations were not analyzed. CONCLUSIONS The progression of DS exhibits various pathways. CDS is associated with DS transitions, but the roles of single disease and multimorbidity may differ across different DS progression stages. Both conditions were significantly linked to the risk of new-onset DS, with multimorbidity posing a greater association. However, this relationship is not observed in other progression stages. These findings could provide insights for early prevention and intervention for DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wu
- Department of Population Health and Aging Science, School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, No. 31, Road 3rd, Bei-Ji-Ge, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Binbin Su
- Department of Population Health and Aging Science, School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, No. 31, Road 3rd, Bei-Ji-Ge, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Panliang Zhong
- Department of Population Health and Aging Science, School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, No. 31, Road 3rd, Bei-Ji-Ge, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Yihao Zhao
- Department of Population Health and Aging Science, School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, No. 31, Road 3rd, Bei-Ji-Ge, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Population Health and Aging Science, School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, No. 31, Road 3rd, Bei-Ji-Ge, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Xiaoying Zheng
- Department of Population Health and Aging Science, School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, No. 31, Road 3rd, Bei-Ji-Ge, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100730, China; APEC Health Science Academy (HeSAY), Peking University, Beijing, China.
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Peters S, Undem K, Solovieva S, Selander J, Schlünssen V, Oude Hengel KM, Albin M, Ge CB, Kjellberg K, McElvenny DM, Gustavsson P, Kolstad HA, Würtz AML, Brinchmann BC, Broberg K, Fossum S, Bugge M, Christensen MW, Ghosh M, Christiansen DH, Merkus SL, Lunde LK, Viikari-Juntura E, Dalbøge A, Falkstedt D, Willert MV, Huss A, Würtz ET, Dumas O, Iversen IB, Leite M, Cramer C, Kirkeleit J, Svanes C, Tinnerberg H, Garcia-Aymerich J, Vested A, Wiebert P, Nordby KC, Godderis L, Vermeulen R, Pronk A, Mehlum IS. Narrative review of occupational exposures and noncommunicable diseases. Ann Work Expo Health 2024; 68:562-580. [PMID: 38815981 PMCID: PMC11229329 DOI: 10.1093/annweh/wxae045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Within the scope of the Exposome Project for Health and Occupational Research on applying the exposome concept to working life health, we aimed to provide a broad overview of the status of knowledge on occupational exposures and associated health effects across multiple noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) to help inform research priorities. METHODS We conducted a narrative review of occupational risk factors that can be considered to have "consistent evidence for an association," or where there is "limited/inadequate evidence for an association" for 6 NCD groups: nonmalignant respiratory diseases; neurodegenerative diseases; cardiovascular/metabolic diseases; mental disorders; musculoskeletal diseases; and cancer. The assessment was done in expert sessions, primarily based on systematic reviews, supplemented with narrative reviews, reports, and original studies. Subsequently, knowledge gaps were identified, e.g. based on missing information on exposure-response relationships, gender differences, critical time-windows, interactions, and inadequate study quality. RESULTS We identified over 200 occupational exposures with consistent or limited/inadequate evidence for associations with one or more of 60+ NCDs. Various exposures were identified as possible risk factors for multiple outcomes. Examples are diesel engine exhaust and cadmium, with consistent evidence for lung cancer, but limited/inadequate evidence for other cancer sites, respiratory, neurodegenerative, and cardiovascular diseases. Other examples are physically heavy work, shift work, and decision latitude/job control. For associations with limited/inadequate evidence, new studies are needed to confirm the association. For risk factors with consistent evidence, improvements in study design, exposure assessment, and case definition could lead to a better understanding of the association and help inform health-based threshold levels. CONCLUSIONS By providing an overview of knowledge gaps in the associations between occupational exposures and their health effects, our narrative review will help setting priorities in occupational health research. Future epidemiological studies should prioritize to include large sample sizes, assess exposures prior to disease onset, and quantify exposures. Potential sources of biases and confounding need to be identified and accounted for in both original studies and systematic reviews.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Peters
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 2, 3584 CM Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Karina Undem
- National Institute of Occupational Health (STAMI), Gydas vei 8, 0363 Oslo, Norway
| | - Svetlana Solovieva
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, P.O. Box 40 FI-00032 TYÖTERVEYSLAITOS, Finland
| | - Jenny Selander
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Box 210, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Vivi Schlünssen
- Department of Public Health, Research Unit for Environment, Occupation and Health, Danish Ramazzini Centre, Aarhus University, Bartholins Allé 2 DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Karen M Oude Hengel
- Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research TNO, Princetonlaan 6 3584 CB Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Maria Albin
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Box 210, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Calvin B Ge
- Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research TNO, Princetonlaan 6 3584 CB Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Katarina Kjellberg
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Box 210, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
- Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Region Stockholm, Torsplan, Solnavägen 4, 113 65 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Damien M McElvenny
- Institute of Occupational Medicine, Research Ave N, Currie EH14 4AP, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Centre for Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Manchester, Oxford Rd, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Per Gustavsson
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Box 210, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Henrik A Kolstad
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Danish Ramazzini Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99. DK-8200 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Anne Mette L Würtz
- Department of Public Health, Research Unit for Environment, Occupation and Health, Danish Ramazzini Centre, Aarhus University, Bartholins Allé 2 DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Bendik C Brinchmann
- National Institute of Occupational Health (STAMI), Gydas vei 8, 0363 Oslo, Norway
| | - Karin Broberg
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Box 210, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stine Fossum
- National Institute of Occupational Health (STAMI), Gydas vei 8, 0363 Oslo, Norway
| | - Merete Bugge
- National Institute of Occupational Health (STAMI), Gydas vei 8, 0363 Oslo, Norway
| | - Mette Wulf Christensen
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Danish Ramazzini Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99. DK-8200 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Manosij Ghosh
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Centre for Environment & Health, KU Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 7, box 7001 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - David Høyrup Christiansen
- Centre of Elective surgery, Region Hospital Silkeborg, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Falkevej 3. 8600 Silkeborg, Denmark
| | - Suzanne L Merkus
- National Institute of Occupational Health (STAMI), Gydas vei 8, 0363 Oslo, Norway
| | - Lars-Kristian Lunde
- National Institute of Occupational Health (STAMI), Gydas vei 8, 0363 Oslo, Norway
| | - Eira Viikari-Juntura
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, P.O. Box 40 FI-00032 TYÖTERVEYSLAITOS, Finland
| | - Annett Dalbøge
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Danish Ramazzini Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99. DK-8200 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Daniel Falkstedt
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Box 210, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Morten Vejs Willert
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Danish Ramazzini Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99. DK-8200 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Anke Huss
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 2, 3584 CM Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Else Toft Würtz
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Danish Ramazzini Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99. DK-8200 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Orianne Dumas
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Univ. Paris-Sud, Inserm, Équipe d’Épidémiologie respiratoire intégrative, CESP, 94807, Villejuif, France
| | - Inge Brosbøl Iversen
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Danish Ramazzini Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99. DK-8200 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Mimmi Leite
- National Institute of Occupational Health (STAMI), Gydas vei 8, 0363 Oslo, Norway
| | - Christine Cramer
- Department of Public Health, Research Unit for Environment, Occupation and Health, Danish Ramazzini Centre, Aarhus University, Bartholins Allé 2 DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Danish Ramazzini Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99. DK-8200 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jorunn Kirkeleit
- National Institute of Occupational Health (STAMI), Gydas vei 8, 0363 Oslo, Norway
- Centre for International Health, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Årstadveien 17 Block D 5009 Bergen, Norway
| | - Cecilie Svanes
- Centre for International Health, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Årstadveien 17 Block D 5009 Bergen, Norway
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, P.O box 1400 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Håkan Tinnerberg
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Box 210, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Gothenburg University, Huvudbyggnad Vasaparken, Universitetsplatsen 1, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Judith Garcia-Aymerich
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), C/ Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), carrer de la Mercè 12, 08002 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Av. Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Anne Vested
- Department of Public Health, Research Unit for Environment, Occupation and Health, Danish Ramazzini Centre, Aarhus University, Bartholins Allé 2 DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Pernilla Wiebert
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Box 210, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
- Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Region Stockholm, Torsplan, Solnavägen 4, 113 65 Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Lode Godderis
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Centre for Environment & Health, KU Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 7, box 7001 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Roel Vermeulen
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 2, 3584 CM Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Anjoeka Pronk
- Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research TNO, Princetonlaan 6 3584 CB Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Ingrid Sivesind Mehlum
- National Institute of Occupational Health (STAMI), Gydas vei 8, 0363 Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Kirkeveien 166, 0450 Oslo, Norway
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospitals, Copenhagen, Bispebjerg Bakke 23, DK-Copenhagen 2400 NV, Denmark
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5 1353 Copenhagen, Denmark
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Angerer P, Gündel H, Kröger C, Rothermund E. [Rationale, models, and impact of workplace-based psychotherapeutic services]. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz 2024; 67:743-750. [PMID: 38806746 PMCID: PMC11231002 DOI: 10.1007/s00103-024-03892-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Mental illnesses and behavioral disorders are very common among the working population, affecting up to a third of employees each year, and are associated with great suffering, the risk of chronicity, and the loss of employment. Economically, mental illnesses cause high costs. In order to mitigate these consequences and increase the chances of recovery, rapid diagnosis, early and appropriate treatment where necessary, and-over and above the usual psychotherapy approach-attention to the work-related causes are of crucial importance.Psychotherapeutic Consultation at the Workplace (PT-A) attempts to meet these requirements. It offers psychotherapeutic help at short notice and close to the workplace for employees suffering from mental stress; provides (depending on the problem) counseling, diagnostics, prevention, and short-term or bridging therapy; and supports reintegration after a longer period of mental illness. It is helpful to cooperate closely with the company medical service, which consults the PT‑A, refers employees to it, provides information on the company situation, and can support reintegration if necessary. Funding is often provided by the company but can also be provided by health insurance companies in integrated care models.This article begins by describing the history and principles of PT‑A and the role of work stress in the development of psychological and psychosomatic disorders. The implementation of PT‑A is then outlined using two examples. Finally, the current study "Early Intervention at the Workplace" ("Frühe Intervention am Arbeitsplatz" [friaa]), to which several articles in this special issue refer, is briefly presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Angerer
- Institut für Arbeits‑, Sozial- und Umweltmedizin, Centre for Health and Society, Medizinische Fakultät und Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Moorenstraße 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Deutschland.
| | - Harald Gündel
- Klinik für Psychosomatische Medizin und Psychotherapie, Universitätsklinikum Ulm, Ulm, Deutschland
| | - Christoph Kröger
- Abteilung Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie, Institut für Psychologie, Universität Hildesheim, Hildesheim, Deutschland
| | - Eva Rothermund
- Klinik für Psychosomatische Medizin und Psychotherapie, Universitätsklinikum Ulm, Ulm, Deutschland
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Salas-Nicás S, Esteve-Matalí L, Llorens-Serrano C, Navarro-Giné A. Job Insecurity, Mental Health, and General Health Over Time: A Longitudinal Update of a Cross-sectional Study. J Occup Environ Med 2024; 66:523-527. [PMID: 38509660 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000003096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the study is to test the relationship between different conceptualizations of job insecurity and health over time by applying a longitudinal design. METHODS 543 workers were reinterviewed after 1 year to check if being exposed to job insecurity affected their general and mental health. Robust Poisson regressions were fitted to calculate the incidence rate ratio between job insecurities and two health outcomes. RESULTS Cognitive job loss insecurity increases the risk of poor mental and general health. Other expressions of job insecurity such as labor market insecurity and working conditions insecurity, as well as affective job insecurity, are not significantly related to health across time. CONCLUSIONS Caution is needed when interpreting cross-sectional results. Protection against the threat of losing a job would prevent mental health issues and poor general health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Salas-Nicás
- From the Research Group on Psychosocial Risks, Organization of Work and Health (POWAH), Autonomous University of Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain (S.S.-N., L.E.-M., C.L.-S., A.N.-G.); Institute for Labour Studies, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain (S.S.-N., L.E.-M., C.L.-S., A.N.-G.); Foundation May 1st, Union Institute of Work, Environment and Health (F1M-ISTAS), CCOO, Barcelona, Spain (S.S.-N., C.L.-S.); Biostatistics Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain (L.E.-M., A.N.-G.); Sociology Department, Faculty of Sociology and Political Sciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain (C.L.-S.)
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Niedhammer I, Pineau E, Rosankis E. The associations of psychosocial work exposures with suicidal ideation in the national French SUMER study. J Affect Disord 2024; 356:699-706. [PMID: 38657775 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.04.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The literature remains scarce on the work-related risk factors for suicide and suicidal ideation. The objectives were to explore the associations of psychosocial work exposures with suicidal ideation in a nationally representative sample of the working population. METHODS The study was based on the sample of 25,977 employees (14,682 men and 11,295 women) of the national French 2016-17 SUMER survey. The outcome was suicidal ideation assessed using the PHQ-9 instrument. Psychosocial work exposures included various factors from the job strain and effort-reward imbalance models, and other concepts. Statistical analyses were performed using weighted methods, including weighted logistic regression models. Other occupational exposures and covariates were considered. Gender differences were tested. RESULTS The prevalence of suicidal ideation was 3.5 % without any difference between genders. Psychosocial work exposures were found to be associated with suicidal ideation. The strongest association was observed between workplace bullying and suicidal ideation. Associations were also found between job strain model factors, job insecurity, low esteem, work-family conflict, ethical conflict, teleworking, and low meaning, and suicidal ideation. The associations were in general similar for men and women. LIMITATIONS The study had a cross-sectional design and no causal interpretation could be done. A reporting bias and a healthy worker effect may be suspected. CONCLUSION Psychosocial work exposures played a major role in suicidal ideation. More research may be needed to confirm our results, as suicidal ideation is an important warning signal for suicide prevention. More primary prevention towards the psychosocial work environment may be useful to reduce suicidal ideation at the workplace.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Niedhammer
- INSERM, Univ Angers, Univ Rennes, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, ESTER Team, Angers, France.
| | - Elodie Pineau
- INSERM, Univ Angers, Univ Rennes, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, ESTER Team, Angers, France
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Billiau L, Bolliger L, Clays E, Eeckloo K, Ketels M. Flemish critical care nurses' experiences regarding the influence of work-related demands on their health: a descriptive interpretive qualitative study. BMC Nurs 2024; 23:387. [PMID: 38844928 PMCID: PMC11155134 DOI: 10.1186/s12912-024-02032-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Critical care nurses (CCNs) around the globe face other health challenges compared to their peers in general hospital nursing. Moreover, the nursing workforce grapples with persistent staffing shortages. In light of these circumstances, developing a sustainable work environment is imperative to retain the current nursing workforce. Consequently, this study aimed to gain insight into the recalled experiences of CCNs in dealing with the physical and psychosocial influences of work-related demands on their health while examining the environments in which they operate. The second aim was to explore the complex social and psychological processes through which CCNs navigate these work-related demands across various CCN wards. METHODS A qualitative study following Thorne's interpretive descriptive approach was conducted. From October 2022 to April 2023, six focus groups were organised. Data from a diverse sample of 27 Flemish CCNs engaged in physically demanding roles from three CCN wards were collected. The Qualitative Analysis Guide of Leuven was applied to support the constant comparison process. RESULTS Participants reported being exposed to occupational physical activity, emotional, quantitative, and cognitive work-related demands, adverse patient behaviour, and poor working time quality. Exposure to these work-related demands was perceived as harmful, potentially resulting in physical, mental, and psychosomatic strain, as well as an increased turnover intention. In response to these demands, participants employed various strategies for mitigation, including seeking social support, exerting control over their work, utilising appropriate equipment, recognising rewards, and engaging in leisure-time physical activity. CONCLUSIONS CCNs' health is challenged by work-related demands that are not entirely covered by the traditional quantitative frameworks used in research on psychologically healthy work. Therefore, future studies should focus on improving such frameworks by exploring the role of psychosocial and organisational factors in more detail. This study has important implications for workplace health promotion with a view on preventing work absenteeism and drop-out in the long run, as it offers strong arguments to promote sufficient risk management strategies, schedule flexibility, uninterrupted off-job recovery time, and positive management, which can prolong the well-being and sustainable careers of the CCN workforce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Billiau
- Strategic Policy Cell, Ghent University Hospital, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, Ghent, 9000, Belgium.
| | - Larissa Bolliger
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - Els Clays
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - Kristof Eeckloo
- Strategic Policy Cell, Ghent University Hospital, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - Margo Ketels
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
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van der Wal JM, Huth KBS, Lok A, Bockting CL, Stronks K, Nicolaou M. Exploring the mechanisms underlying increased risk of depressive disorder in ethnic minority populations in Europe: A causal loop diagram. Soc Sci Med 2024; 351:116977. [PMID: 38788426 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2024.116977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple ethnic minority populations in Europe show high risk of major depressive disorder (MDD), with ethnic discrimination and low socioeconomic position (SEP) as established risk factors. How this risk is shaped by the interactions between these, and other social factors, remains to be elucidated. We aimed to develop a causal-loop diagram (CLD) to gain a better understanding of how factors at the intersection of ethnic discrimination and SEP dynamically interact to drive MDD risk. METHODS We iteratively mapped the interactions and feedback loops between factors at the intersection of ethnic discrimination and SEP, drawing input from (i) a series of two interviews with a range of MDD domain experts, (ii) an existing CLD mapping the onset of MDD across psychological, biological, and social dimensions at the level of the individual, and (iii) other relevant literature. RESULTS Through tracing the feedback loops in the resulting CLD, we identified ten driving mechanisms for MDD onset in ethnic minorities (two related to ethnic discrimination, SEP, social network and support, and acculturation, as well as one relating to the living environment and self-stigma towards MDD); and four factors that modulate these mechanisms (recent migration, religious affiliation, neighborhood social environment, and public stigma towards MDD). The intersecting nature of ethnic discrimination and SEP, combined with the reinforcing dynamics of the identified driving mechanisms across time- and spatial scales, underscores the excess exposure to circumstances that increase MDD risk in ethnic minorities. CONCLUSIONS While this CLD requires validation through future studies, the intersecting and reinforcing nature of the identified driving mechanisms highlights that tackling the high risk of MDD in ethnic minorities may require intervening at multiple targets, from the individual (e.g., psychological interventions targeting negative beliefs or reducing stress) to the societal level (e.g., addressing labor market discrimination).
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Affiliation(s)
- J M van der Wal
- Amsterdam UMC, location AMC, Department of Psychiatry, Meibergdreef 5, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc, Department of Public and Occupational Health, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Centre for Urban Mental Health, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - K B S Huth
- Centre for Urban Mental Health, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; University of Amsterdam, Department of Psychological Methods, Nieuwe Achtergracht 129-B, 1018 WS, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - A Lok
- Amsterdam UMC, location AMC, Department of Psychiatry, Meibergdreef 5, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Centre for Urban Mental Health, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - C L Bockting
- Amsterdam UMC, location AMC, Department of Psychiatry, Meibergdreef 5, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Centre for Urban Mental Health, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - K Stronks
- Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc, Department of Public and Occupational Health, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Centre for Urban Mental Health, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - M Nicolaou
- Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc, Department of Public and Occupational Health, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Centre for Urban Mental Health, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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de Vries B. Autism and the Case Against Job Interviews. NEUROETHICS-NETH 2024; 17:25. [PMID: 38752000 PMCID: PMC11090822 DOI: 10.1007/s12152-024-09563-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Unemployment rates among autistic people are high even among those with low-support needs. While a variety of measures is needed to address this problem, this article defends one that has not been defended in detail and that has profound implications for contemporary hiring practices. Building on empirical research showing that job interviews are a major contributor to autistic unemployment, it argues that such interviews should be abolished in many cases for autistic and non-autistic people alike.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bouke de Vries
- Department of Philosophy, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Philosophy, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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9
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Mau M, Roessler KK, Andersen LN, Vang ML. Self-Perceived Interpersonal Problems Among Long-Term Unemployed Individuals, and Vocational Rehabilitation Programs (In)ability to Change Them. JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL REHABILITATION 2024:10.1007/s10926-024-10188-w. [PMID: 38632114 DOI: 10.1007/s10926-024-10188-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Self-perceived interpersonal problems can challenge one's access to the work market, making it harder to attain and keep a job while adding to the distress of being outside of the labor market. METHODS In this study, we compared the self-perceived interpersonal problems among long-term unemployed individuals taking part in vocational rehabilitation programs (VRPs) (N = 220) with those of the general population. In addition, we examined whether their self-perceived interpersonal problems changed while taking part in the VRPs. RESULTS We found that participants report significantly higher levels of self-perceived interpersonal problems as measured by the Inventory of Interpersonal Problems (IIP), especially with regard to feeling cold/distanced, socially inhibited, vindictive/self-centered, and non-assertive. The participants did not report a significant decrease in self-perceived interpersonal problems after being part of VRPs for one year. CONCLUSION These results are relevant as they may inform interventions targeted this population aimed at increasing employability and/or individual well-being. Importantly, the findings may be viewed as a reflection of both social and individual processes. Long-term unemployed individuals' tendency to feel insufficiently engaged may reflect difficulty with keeping up with a job market in constant change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Mau
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
- Health, Social Work and Welfare Research, UCL University College, Odense, Denmark.
| | - Kirsten K Roessler
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Lotte N Andersen
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Maria L Vang
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
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10
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Anthony MG, Hoddinott G, Van Niekerk M, Dewandel I, McKenzie C, Bekker C, Rabie H, Redfern A, van der Zalm MM. The socioeconomic impact of the COVID-19 lockdown on families affected by childhood respiratory illnesses in Cape Town, South Africa. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 4:e0003020. [PMID: 38547177 PMCID: PMC10977803 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0003020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic impacted families globally, directly and indirectly. Children presenting with respiratory illnesses are affected by emerging health systems and socioeconomic changes in the COVID-19 era. We explored the socioeconomic impacts of the COVID-19 lockdown on families with a respiratory illness diagnosed in their child in Cape Town, South Africa. This study was nested in a prospective observational cohort of children presenting with respiratory symptoms presumptive of COVID-19. We conducted 21 semi-structured interviews to explore the socioeconomic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on families with a child affected by respiratory illnesses. We used case descriptive analysis and thematically organised common and divergent experiences. We found that socioeconomic challenges in low-income communities were exacerbated: 1) loss of pre-COVID sources of income (loss of income, employment and working hours), 2) shrinking employment opportunities due to business closures and strict preventative measures, 3) family network dependence to cope with financial pressures, 4) impact on education, implicating additional pressures due to lack of resources for adequate home schooling and 5) caregivers' mental health and wellbeing being impacted, causing stress and anxiety due to loss of income. This study shows that the COVID-19 lockdown impacted the socioeconomic aspects of families caring for a child with a respiratory illness. Care became more complicated and adversely impacted the family's emotional well-being and health-seeking behaviour. These impacts should be more carefully considered in order to strengthen health services and global health messaging in future pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaile G. Anthony
- Desmond Tutu TB Centre, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Graeme Hoddinott
- Desmond Tutu TB Centre, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Margaret Van Niekerk
- Desmond Tutu TB Centre, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Isabelle Dewandel
- Desmond Tutu TB Centre, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Carla McKenzie
- Desmond Tutu TB Centre, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Carien Bekker
- Desmond Tutu TB Centre, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Helena Rabie
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Andrew Redfern
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Marieke M. van der Zalm
- Desmond Tutu TB Centre, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
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Wang ML, Narcisse MR, Togher K, McElfish PA. Job Flexibility, Job Security, and Mental Health Among US Working Adults. JAMA Netw Open 2024; 7:e243439. [PMID: 38526492 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.3439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Importance Understanding the association between job characteristics and mental health can inform policies and practices to promote employee well-being. Objective To investigate associations between job characteristics and mental health, work absenteeism, and mental health care use among US adults. Design, Setting, and Participants This cross-sectional study analyzed data from the 2021 National Health Interview Survey and included adults aged 18 years or older who reported employment during the past 12 months. Data were analyzed from May 2023 to January 2024. Exposures Job flexibility was assessed as a summative variable to 3 questions: perceived ease of changing one's work schedule to do things important to oneself or their family, regularity of work schedule changes, and advance notice of work hours. Job security was measured as perceived likelihood of losing one's job. Main Outcomes and Measures Mental health outcomes included self-reported serious psychological distress and frequency of anxiety. Work absenteeism was assessed using the number of missed workdays due to illness. Mental health care use was examined for both current and past year use. Multivariable logistic and binomial regression analyses were used to examine associations of interest. Results The analytic sample consisted of 18 144 adults (52.3% [95% CI, 51.5%-53.2%] male; mean age, 42.2 [95% CI, 41.9-42.6] years). Greater job flexibility was associated with decreased odds of serious psychological distress (odds ratio [OR], 0.74 [95% CI, 0.63-0.86]; P < .001) and lower odds of weekly anxiety (OR, 0.89 [95% CI, 0.81-0.97]; P = .008) or daily anxiety (OR, 0.87 [95% CI, 0.79-0.96]; P = .005). Greater job security was associated with decreased odds of serious psychological distress (OR, 0.75 [95% CI, 0.65-0.87]; P < .001) and lower odds of anxiety weekly (OR, 0.79 [95% CI, 0.71-0.88]; P < .001) or daily (OR, 0.73 [95% CI, 0.66-0.81]; P < .001). Greater job flexibility (incidence rate ratio [IRR], 0.84 [95% CI, 0.74-0.96]; P = .008) and job security (IRR, 0.75 [95% CI, 0.65-0.87]; P < .001) were each associated with decreased number of days worked despite feeling ill over the past 3 months. Greater job security was associated with decreased absenteeism in the past year (IRR, 0.89 [95% CI, 0.82-0.98]; P < .014). Conclusions and Relevance Organizational policies that enhance job flexibility and security may facilitate a healthier work environment, mitigate work-related stress, and ultimately promote better mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica L Wang
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Katherine Togher
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Pearl A McElfish
- College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Northwest, Springdale
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12
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Wang ML, Poulin O, McKinney H. Aligning Employee Health and Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion Initiatives in the Workplace: A Call for Synchronization. Am J Health Promot 2024:8901171241233398. [PMID: 38411461 DOI: 10.1177/08901171241233398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Reports of burnout and poor mental health are at all-time highs among working U.S. adults. Simultaneously, failure to promote diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) is among the top characteristics of an unhealthy work culture and has contributed to high rates of employee attrition. Though many organizations across multiple sectors have made pledges to prioritize employee health and invest in DEI in recent years, few have explicitly addressed these two issues as interconnected. The link between the workplace as a determinant of mental and physical health is well-established. Several studies demonstrate that experiencing discrimination in the workplace is associated with detrimental physical and mental health outcomes. Additionally, the way work is structured directly and indirectly contributes to employee health inequities. In this commentary, we make the connection between employee health and organizational DEI and propose guiding principles to synchronize DEI and employee health initiatives in the workplace. These include: investing in DEI as a cornerstone for developing a healthy workforce for all; recognizing differences in employee experiences, needs, and their connection to health; prioritizing systemic approaches to promote employee health and organizational DEI. Embedding employee health and DEI efforts into broader organizational strategy is a crucial step towards fostering equitable practices that promote inclusive work environments andpositive employee well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica L Wang
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Olivia Poulin
- Wheelock College of Education and Human Development, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hannah McKinney
- Boston University Questrom School of Business, Boston, MA, USA
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13
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Schlarb P, Büttner JM, Tittel SR, Mönkemöller K, Müller-Godeffroy E, Boettcher C, Galler A, Berger G, Brosig B, Holl RW. Family structures and parents' occupational models: its impact on children's diabetes. Acta Diabetol 2024; 61:235-244. [PMID: 37847378 PMCID: PMC10866793 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-023-02187-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
AIMS This study examines how family-related factors influence the management of children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1DM). We investigate the relationship between family patterns, parental work schedules and metabolic control. MATERIALS AND METHODS We analysed data from a nationwide diabetes survey (DPV) focusing on HbA1c, severe hypoglycaemia, diabetic ketoacidosis, hospital admissions and inpatient treatment duration. We used linear regression and negative binomial regression models. Our study includes 15,340 children under the age of 18 with data on family structure and parental division of labour. RESULTS Children from two-parent households have better HbA1c outcomes than children from single-parent, blended or no-parent households (p < .0001). Higher HbA1C levels are associated with children living with an unemployed father, as opposed to those with full-time working parents or with a full-time working father and a part-time working mother (p < .001). CONCLUSIONS These findings emphasise the importance of carefully considering family structure and working time models in the management of paediatric T1DM. Our results highlight risk factors within the family environment and emphasise the need for family-focused counselling of high-risk patients or severe cases in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Schlarb
- Centre of Child and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Family- and Child-Psychosomatics, Justus Liebig University, Klinikstrasse 36, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Janina M Büttner
- Centre of Child and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Family- and Child-Psychosomatics, Justus Liebig University, Klinikstrasse 36, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Sascha R Tittel
- ZIBMT, Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Albert Einstein Alle 41, 89075, Ulm, Germany
- German Centre for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstädter Landstrasse, 185764, Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Kirsten Mönkemöller
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Kliniken Der Stadt Köln gGmbH, Amsterdamer Strasse 59, 50735, Cologne, Germany
| | - Esther Müller-Godeffroy
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University of Luebeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Claudia Boettcher
- Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, University of Berne, University Children's Hospital, Freiburgstrasse 15, 3010, Berne, Switzerland
| | - Angela Galler
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Sozialpädiatrisches Zentrum, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gabriele Berger
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
- Pediatric Diabetes Outpatient Clinic, Health Care Centre Vienna Floridsdorf, Karl-Aschenbrenner-Gasse 3, 1210, Vienna, Austria
| | - Burkhard Brosig
- Centre of Child and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Family- and Child-Psychosomatics, Justus Liebig University, Klinikstrasse 36, 35392, Giessen, Germany.
| | - Reinhard W Holl
- ZIBMT, Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Albert Einstein Alle 41, 89075, Ulm, Germany
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Kirkbride JB, Anglin DM, Colman I, Dykxhoorn J, Jones PB, Patalay P, Pitman A, Soneson E, Steare T, Wright T, Griffiths SL. The social determinants of mental health and disorder: evidence, prevention and recommendations. World Psychiatry 2024; 23:58-90. [PMID: 38214615 PMCID: PMC10786006 DOI: 10.1002/wps.21160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
People exposed to more unfavourable social circumstances are more vulnerable to poor mental health over their life course, in ways that are often determined by structural factors which generate and perpetuate intergenerational cycles of disadvantage and poor health. Addressing these challenges is an imperative matter of social justice. In this paper we provide a roadmap to address the social determinants that cause mental ill health. Relying as far as possible on high-quality evidence, we first map out the literature that supports a causal link between social determinants and later mental health outcomes. Given the breadth of this topic, we focus on the most pervasive social determinants across the life course, and those that are common across major mental disorders. We draw primarily on the available evidence from the Global North, acknowledging that other global contexts will face both similar and unique sets of social determinants that will require equitable attention. Much of our evidence focuses on mental health in groups who are marginalized, and thus often exposed to a multitude of intersecting social risk factors. These groups include refugees, asylum seekers and displaced persons, as well as ethnoracial minoritized groups; lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and queer (LGBTQ+) groups; and those living in poverty. We then introduce a preventive framework for conceptualizing the link between social determinants and mental health and disorder, which can guide much needed primary prevention strategies capable of reducing inequalities and improving population mental health. Following this, we provide a review of the evidence concerning candidate preventive strategies to intervene on social determinants of mental health. These interventions fall broadly within the scope of universal, selected and indicated primary prevention strategies, but we also briefly review important secondary and tertiary strategies to promote recovery in those with existing mental disorders. Finally, we provide seven key recommendations, framed around social justice, which constitute a roadmap for action in research, policy and public health. Adoption of these recommendations would provide an opportunity to advance efforts to intervene on modifiable social determinants that affect population mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Deidre M Anglin
- City College, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
- Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ian Colman
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | | | - Peter B Jones
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridgeshire & Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Praveetha Patalay
- Medical Research Council Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing, University College London, London, UK
- Centre for Longitudinal Studies, Social Research Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Alexandra Pitman
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
- Camden and Islington NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Emma Soneson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Thomas Steare
- Medical Research Council Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing, University College London, London, UK
| | - Talen Wright
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
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15
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Luo Y, Xu M, Liang R. Economic insecurity exposure and cognitive function in late life. J Epidemiol Community Health 2023; 77:777-781. [PMID: 37657920 DOI: 10.1136/jech-2023-220481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study took the State-owned Enterprises (SOE) reform from 1996 to 2002 in China as a natural experiment to explore the consequences of economic insecurity exposure during early-adulthood and mid-adulthood on cognitive function in later life. METHODS Data were obtained from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Survey (CHARLS), 2014 and 2015. CHARLS is a nationally representative survey covering 28 provinces in China. A total of 4536 urban dwellers born earlier than 1971 (aged 25 years old and above at the start of the SOE reform in 1996) were included in our analyses. Using province-year-level economic loss from the layoffs, we examined the impact of economic insecurity exposure on the cognitive function score by using a difference-in-differences model with 1996-2002 as the cut-off. RESULTS Individuals exposed to economic insecurity have significantly decreased cognitive function, in which a 1% point increase in expected economic loss would decrease the cognitive function score by 0.09 (95% CI: -0.17 to -0.01). Given that the average intensity of expected economic loss was 11.59% and the mean score of cognitive function was 21.26, exposure to the SOE reforms led to an average decrease in the cognitive function score by at least 4.91%. CONCLUSIONS Providing cognitive health surveillance and psychological counselling may be important for preventing cognitive decline among those experiencing economic insecurity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Luo
- Department of Global Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Xu
- Department of Global Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Richard Liang
- School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
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16
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Jahn HJ, Mayer D, Hollederer A. Health promotion for the unemployed: the evaluation of the JOBS Program Germany from the trainers' perspective. Arch Public Health 2023; 81:199. [PMID: 37978535 PMCID: PMC10657034 DOI: 10.1186/s13690-023-01203-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The JOBS Program Germany is a labor market integrative and health promotion intervention for unemployed people. This study examines JOBS Program Germany trainers' view of (1) the theoretical concept of the JOBS Program, (2) its practical implementation in Germany on-site, (3) its acceptance by participants, and (4) the training effects. The study aimed at identifying potential for adaption allowing adjustments to improve the practical implementation and the training effectiveness. METHODS JOBS Program Germany trainers (two for each training) were interviewed via voluntary survey (computer-assisted web interviews) after each training. RESULTS Fourteen JOBS Program trainings have been conducted and all trainers responded resulting in 28 interviews. 78.5% and 85.7% of the respondents were rather or very satisfied with the theoretical contents and its practical implementation, respectively. Almost all trainers (96.4-100.0%) were satisfied with the on-site coordination, the cooperation with the organizer's employees, the room equipment, the training room size, and the environmental conditions in the training rooms. In 89.3% of all responses the trainers rated the last training a success. However, the trainers also provided valuable suggestions for further improvement in Germany. This concerns the revision of the training manual, the adjustment of the trainer training and the preparation of participants. CONCLUSION Besides the trainers' positive view on the different dimensions of the training content and implementation, their suggestions can help ensure that many unemployed people in Germany could benefit from a continued regular implementation of the JOBS Program Germany in the future. TRIAL REGISTRATION German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS), DRKS00022388. Registered on 20 July, 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heiko J Jahn
- Section of Theory and Empirics of Health, The Faculty of Human Sciences, University of Kassel, Arnold- Bode-Str. 10, 34127, Kassel, Germany
| | - Dennis Mayer
- Section of Theory and Empirics of Health, The Faculty of Human Sciences, University of Kassel, Arnold- Bode-Str. 10, 34127, Kassel, Germany.
| | - Alfons Hollederer
- Section of Theory and Empirics of Health, The Faculty of Human Sciences, University of Kassel, Arnold- Bode-Str. 10, 34127, Kassel, Germany
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17
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Ponzio M, Podda J, Pignattelli E, Verri A, Persechino B, Vitturi BK, Bandiera P, Manacorda T, Inglese M, Durando P, Battaglia MA. Work Difficulties in People with Multiple Sclerosis. JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL REHABILITATION 2023:10.1007/s10926-023-10149-9. [PMID: 37921967 DOI: 10.1007/s10926-023-10149-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study identifies potential predictors of unemployment and describes specific work difficulties and their determinants in a subgroup of employed people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS). The specific work difficulties were evaluated using a validated tool that measures the impact of respondents' symptoms and of workplace features. METHODS A cross-sectional study was carried out in Italy during 2021-2022. The subjects included were adults (18-65 years) with a diagnosis of MS, currently employed or unemployed. Logistic regression models were used to determine the association between each potential determinant and employment status, while linear regression models were used to determine the association between determinants and specific work difficulties. RESULTS The main risk factors associated with a higher risk of being unemployed were being older, living in the South of Italy/islands, and having a higher disability level, while protective factors against unemployment were having a high level of education and 'stable' employment (an open-ended contract). Fatigue was found to be associated with all work difficulties analyzed; mood disorders emerged as the main predictors of mental health-related work difficulties; level of disability and comorbidity significantly impacted physical health-related ones, and a good quality of life was found to improve both workplace-related and mental health-related difficulties at work. CONCLUSION Identifying the most significant difficulties is a crucial step in the development of vocational rehabilitation interventions tailored to maximize the ability of PwMS to handle their job-related duties and demands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Ponzio
- Scientific Research Area, Italian Multiple Sclerosis Foundation (FISM), Genoa, Italy.
- Department of Research, Italian Multiple Sclerosis Foundation, via Operai 40, 16149, Genoa, Italy.
| | - Jessica Podda
- Scientific Research Area, Italian Multiple Sclerosis Foundation (FISM), Genoa, Italy
| | - Elena Pignattelli
- Scientific Research Area, Italian Multiple Sclerosis Foundation (FISM), Genoa, Italy
| | - Anna Verri
- Scientific Research Area, Italian Multiple Sclerosis Foundation (FISM), Genoa, Italy
| | | | | | - Paolo Bandiera
- Italian Multiple Sclerosis Association (AISM), Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Matilde Inglese
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DiNOGMI), Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Paolo Durando
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- Occupational Medicine Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Mario Alberto Battaglia
- Scientific Research Area, Italian Multiple Sclerosis Foundation (FISM), Genoa, Italy
- Department of Life Science, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
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McCann WD, Hou XY, Stolic S, Ireland MJ. Predictors of Psychological Distress among Post-Operative Cardiac Patients: A Narrative Review. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:2721. [PMID: 37893795 PMCID: PMC10606887 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11202721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Following surgery, over 50% of cardiac surgery patients report anxiety, stress and/or depression, with at least 10% meeting clinical diagnoses, which can persist for more than a year. Psychological distress predicts post-surgery health outcomes for cardiac patients. Therefore, post-operative distress represents a critical recovery challenge affecting both physical and psychological health. Despite some research identifying key personal, social, and health service correlates of patient distress, a review or synthesis of this evidence remains unavailable. Understanding these factors can facilitate the identification of high-risk patients, develop tailored support resources and interventions to support optimum recovery. This narrative review synthesises evidence from 39 studies that investigate personal, social, and health service predictors of post-surgery psychological distress among cardiac patients. The following factors predicted lower post-operative distress: participation in pre-operative education, cardiac rehabilitation, having a partner, happier marriages, increased physical activity, and greater social interaction. Conversely, increased pain and functional impairment predicted greater distress. The role of age, and sex in predicting distress is inconclusive. Understanding several factors is limited by the inability to carry out experimental manipulations for ethical reasons (e.g., pain). Future research would profit from addressing key methodological limitations and exploring the role of self-efficacy, pre-operative distress, and pre-operative physical activity. It is recommended that cardiac patients be educated pre-surgery and attend cardiac rehabilitation to decrease distress.
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Affiliation(s)
- William D. McCann
- School of Psychology and Wellbeing, University of Southern Queensland, Ipswich, QLD 4305, Australia;
| | - Xiang-Yu Hou
- Poche Centre for Indigenous Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4067, Australia;
| | - Snezana Stolic
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Southern Queensland, Ipswich, QLD 4305, Australia;
| | - Michael J. Ireland
- School of Psychology and Wellbeing, University of Southern Queensland, Ipswich, QLD 4305, Australia;
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Hollederer A, Jahn HJ. Results from a Nationwide Evaluation Study of Labor Market-Integrative Health Promotion for the Unemployed: Impact of the JOBS Program Germany. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:6835. [PMID: 37835105 PMCID: PMC10572609 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20196835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Compared to the employed, the unemployed suffer from poorer health, especially in terms of mental health. At the same time, health promotion rarely reaches unemployed people. The "JOBS Program" is an intervention to promote health and labor market integration and has shown positive effects in the USA and Finland. In this confirmatory study, we investigated whether the JOBS Program achieves similar effects in Germany. We applied a randomized controlled trial to compare an intervention group (IVG) with a waiting control group (WCG) before (T0; N = 94) and shortly after (T1; n = 65) the intervention. Concerning our primary outcomes, the JOBS Program Germany was beneficial: Compared to the WCG, the regression estimated that the IVG had (1) a 2.736 scale point higher level of life satisfaction (p = 0.049), (2) a 0.337 scale point higher level of general health (p = 0.025), and (3) a 14.524 scale point higher level of mental well-being (p = 0.004). Although not statistically significant, job search-specific self-efficacy also appeared to be positively associated with the intervention. This study provides evidence of the effectiveness of JOBS Program on the abovementioned outcomes, including for older and long-term unemployed people, supporting the benefits of regular implementation of this program for a wide range of unemployed people in Germany.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfons Hollederer
- Section of Theory and Empirics of Health, Department of Social Work and Social Welfare, The Faculty of Human Sciences, University of Kassel, D-34109 Kassel, Germany;
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Jung FU, Pabst A, Rodriguez FS, Luppa M, Engel C, Kirsten T, Witte V, Reyes N, Loeffler M, Villringer A, Riedel-Heller SG. Perceived stress of mental demands at work, objective stress and resilience - an analysis of the LIFE-Adult-study. J Occup Med Toxicol 2023; 18:20. [PMID: 37679809 PMCID: PMC10485996 DOI: 10.1186/s12995-023-00388-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND So far, previous research suggests positive effects of mental demands at the workplace. However, it may depend on how stressfull these demands are perceived on an individual level. OBJECTIVE The aim was to build on previous research by investigating how mental demands are related to stress, overload, and work discontent and whether this relationship is mediated by individuals resources, such as resilience. METHOD A sub-sample of the LIFE Adult Cohort (n = 480) was asked to answer questions on sociodemographic characteristics, objective stress (using the Trier Inventory of Chronic Stress (TICS)), and perceptions of stress with regard to verbal and executive mental demands at work. RESULTS According to generalized linear regression models, higher verbal as well as executive mental demands were associated with higher levels of chronic stress, work overload and discontent. Higher levels of resilience were associated with lower levels of these outcomes. Analyses regarding interaction effects revealed that the interaction between resilience and perceived stress of verbal mental demands was significant only in terms of work overload. CONCLUSION Higher perceived stressfulness of mental demands was associated with higher chronic stress, work overload and work discontent. Therefore, mental demands should be targeted by occupational interventions that aim to improve job conditions and employees' overall well-being. Besides resilience, other potential influencers or personal resources should be focused on in future studies to develop interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska U Jung
- Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health (ISAP), Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig University, Ph.-Rosenthal-Str. 55, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Alexander Pabst
- Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health (ISAP), Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig University, Ph.-Rosenthal-Str. 55, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Melanie Luppa
- Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health (ISAP), Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig University, Ph.-Rosenthal-Str. 55, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christoph Engel
- LIFE - Leipzig Research Centre for Civilization Diseases, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Toralf Kirsten
- LIFE - Leipzig Research Centre for Civilization Diseases, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Veronica Witte
- Clinic of Cognitive Neurology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Nigar Reyes
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Markus Loeffler
- LIFE - Leipzig Research Centre for Civilization Diseases, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Arno Villringer
- LIFE - Leipzig Research Centre for Civilization Diseases, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
- Clinic of Cognitive Neurology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Steffi G Riedel-Heller
- Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health (ISAP), Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig University, Ph.-Rosenthal-Str. 55, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
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21
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Demirer I, Pförtner TK. The Covid-19 pandemic as an accelerator of economic worries and labor-related mental health polarization in Germany? A longitudinal interacted mediation analysis with a difference-in-difference comparison. SSM Popul Health 2023; 23:101469. [PMID: 37538051 PMCID: PMC10393830 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2023.101469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Labor-related mental health polarization refers to exposure to low-paid employment and unemployment decreasing mental health. Previous research identified economic worries as a key mediator. Against this background, the Covid-19 pandemic is often assumed to have accelerated already existing processes and affected vulnerable populations the most. Our study sought to investigate whether the Covid-19 pandemic accelerated the mediation by economic worries between employment type and mental health. Method Using the German Socioeconomic Panel (GSOEP) from 2016 onwards, we created a pre-Covid-19 sample (N = 8266) and a per-Covid-19 sample (N = 7294), with each having a t0 wave (2016/2018) and a t1 wave (2018/2020). We applied the mediational g-formula for longitudinal mediation with exposure-mediator (XM) interaction between employment type (X) and economic worries (M). We decomposed the total effect into a direct, indirect, and interacted effect of employment on mental health and provided a difference-in-difference comparison of the effects. Results During the Covid-19 pandemic, economic worries increased, and mental health decreased. However, the mediation by economic worries reduced by approx. 18.0% (e.g., from 35.0% to 28.9%). A decreased indirect effect caused the reduction in mediation, while the direct and interacted effect remained rather stable. We also found stark gender differences towards males having a higher total effect but a lower mediated effect during the Covid-19 pandemic. Conclusion Our results highlight that mediators competing to economic worries must have emerged during the Covid-19 pandemic. Such mediators could be the risk of infection at the workplace, the possibility of remote work, and gender-specific mediators. Our study is also the first to extend the mediational g-formula with the difference-in-difference approach. It can be used as a blueprint for researchers interested in evaluating the impact of events, such as the Covid-19 pandemic, on preexisting processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Demirer
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Institute of Medical Sociology, Health Services Research, and Rehabilitation Science (IMVR), Chair of Medical Sociology, Germany
| | - Timo-Kolja Pförtner
- Department of Research Methods, Faculty of Human Sciences, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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22
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Occhipinti JA, Hynes W, Geli P, Eyre HA, Song Y, Prodan A, Skinner A, Ujdur G, Buchanan J, Green R, Rosenberg S, Fels A, Hickie IB. Building systemic resilience, productivity and well-being: a Mental Wealth perspective. BMJ Glob Health 2023; 8:e012942. [PMID: 37748793 PMCID: PMC10533664 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2023-012942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jo-An Occhipinti
- Brain and Mind Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Mental Wealth Initiative, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
- Computer Simulation & Advanced Research Technologies (CSART), Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - William Hynes
- New Approaches to Economic Challenges, Office of the Chief Economist, OECD, Paris, France
- Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA
| | - Patricia Geli
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Reform for Resilience Commission, Secretariat, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Harris A Eyre
- Brain Capital Alliance, San Francisco, California, USA
- Neuroscience-inspired Policy Initiative (NIPI), New Approaches to Economic Challenges, Office of the Chief Economist, Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development, Paris, France
- Center for Health and Biosciences, The Baker Institute for Public Policy, Rice University, Houston, Texas, USA
- Meadows Mental Health Policy Institute, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Euro-Mediterranean Economists Association, Barcelona, Spain
- Global Brain Health Institute, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, California and Trinity College, Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Yun Song
- Brain and Mind Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Mental Wealth Initiative, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ante Prodan
- Mental Wealth Initiative, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
- Computer Simulation & Advanced Research Technologies (CSART), Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Computer Science, Engineering and Mathematics, Western Sydney University, Penrith South, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Adam Skinner
- Brain and Mind Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Mental Wealth Initiative, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Goran Ujdur
- Mental Wealth Initiative, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
- Computer Simulation & Advanced Research Technologies (CSART), Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - John Buchanan
- Mental Wealth Initiative, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
- Business School, University of Sydney, Australia, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Roy Green
- University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, Sydney, Australia
| | - Sebastian Rosenberg
- Brain and Mind Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Mental Wealth Initiative, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Allan Fels
- Mental Wealth Initiative, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
- Melbourne Institute of Applied Economic and Social Research, Melbourne Law School, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ian B Hickie
- Brain and Mind Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Mental Wealth Initiative, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
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23
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Luo Y, Wang Y, Hong C, He P, Zheng X. The shattered "Iron Rice Bowl": effects of Chinese state-owned enterprise reform on depressive symptoms in later life. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2023; 58:1193-1200. [PMID: 36973356 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-023-02437-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The SOE reform was the first time that economic insecurity was introduced since 1949 in China, with hundreds of million employees affected by the laid off. This study took the State-Owned Enterprises (SOE) reform in China as a natural experiment to explore the impact of economic insecurity on depressive symptoms in later life. METHODS Data were obtained from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Survey (CHARLS), 2014 and 2015. CHARLS is a nationally representative survey covering 28 provinces in China. CHARLS used the probabilities proportional to size (PPS) sampling method and involved 450 villages/resident committees, 150 counties/districts and 12,400 households. A total of 5113 urban dwellers born earlier than 1971 (aged 25 years old and above at the start of the SOE reform, 1995) were involved. Using the province-level economic loss from the layoffs, we examined the impact of economic insecurity exposure on the score of depressive symptoms using a difference-in-differences model (DID). RESULTS Individuals with economic insecurity exposure had a significantly increased risk of higher depressive symptoms scores, in which a 1 percentage point increase in expected economic loss would increase the CESD-10 score by 0.10. For an individual at the median distribution (CESD-10 = 5), this implies a shift to the 58th percentile (CESD-10 = 6). Given that the average intensity of expected economic loss is 10.22% and the mean CESD-10 is 6.92, exposure to the SOE reform led to an average increase in the CESD-10 score by 1.02 and by at least 14.74%. The heterogeneity analyses showed that the role of SOE reform in depressive symptoms scores was robust in both female and male groups and groups with different educational attainment. CONCLUSIONS Economic insecurity exposure increased the depressive symptoms score later in life in the context of China. Programs, such as adequate unemployment insurance benefits, can protect individuals against the risk of financial loss, thereby reducing their negative impact on depressive symptoms. Providing mental symptoms surveillance and psychological counseling to those experienced at a time of great uncertainty is important for preventing depression in times of economic insecurity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Luo
- Department of Global Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yiran Wang
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, No. 31, Road 3Rd, Bei-Ji-Ge, Dongcheng District, Beijing, China
| | - Chenlu Hong
- Department of Global Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Ping He
- China Center for Health Development Studies, Peking University, 38 Xue Yuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Xiaoying Zheng
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, No. 31, Road 3Rd, Bei-Ji-Ge, Dongcheng District, Beijing, China.
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24
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Paudel R, Khadka S, Rai J, Singh R. Psychological impact of COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown among the population involved in tourism sector in Lakeside of Pokhara: A qualitative study. Health Sci Rep 2023; 6:e1382. [PMID: 37396562 PMCID: PMC10313908 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.1382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims The COVID-19 pandemic has exerted a substantial influence on every sector of people's lives worldwide, including Nepal. The tourism industry is not exceptional. Lakeside Pokhara is one of the country's major tourist hubs and relies both on national and international visitors. The people residing in this area who depend on tourism-related businesses to regulate their daily living faced numerous stressors and psychological impacts due to the pandemic. This study aimed to explore the COVID-19 pandemic-related stressors and their psychological impact among people dependent on the tourism business in the Lakeside of Pokhara, located in the Gandaki Province of Nepal. Method Via the qualitative approach, semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted to collect the data from 20 individuals related to tourism business stakeholders in Lakeside of Pokhara. Thematic analysis was performed to analyze the data. Results The study found business-related stressors among the people dependent on the tourism businesses, and these stressors were found to increase the experiences of psychological issues, including suicidal ideation. The pandemic has not only affected their economy but has also had an impact on their personal, familial, and social life. However, to combat the problems most of the study participants were found to be utilizing positive coping mechanisms, whereas some respondents were observed to consume more alcohol as a negative coping strategy. Conclusions People indulging in the tourism sectors were at greater risk of vulnerability in the future pandemic. Tourism business stakeholders struggled to combat the numerous stressors and psychological impacts carried out by the COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown. Therefore, there is a growing need for government bodies to implement favorable business-related policies, and Mental Health and Psychosocial Support (MHPSS) related programs to these stakeholders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Paudel
- Transcultural Psychosocial Organization NepalKathmanduNepal
| | | | - Jeetendra Rai
- Transcultural Psychosocial Organization NepalKathmanduNepal
| | - Rakesh Singh
- Transcultural Psychosocial Organization NepalKathmanduNepal
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25
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Niedhammer I, Pineau E, Bertrais S, Gallie D. Exploring the employment determinants of job insecurity in the French working population: Evidence from national survey data. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0287229. [PMID: 37315080 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0287229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies are lacking on the employment determinants of job insecurity, that may be helpful to determine highly exposed groups and to assess the feasibility of constructing job-exposure matrices (JEMs) for this occupational exposure. The objectives were to explore the employment determinants of job insecurity in a nationally representative sample of the French working population. The study was based on the cross-sectional data of the 2013 national French working conditions survey including a sample of 28,293 employees, 12,283 men and 16,010 women. Job insecurity was assessed using one single item related to the fear of job loss in the next 12 months. Gender, age, and educational level were studied as well as the following employment variables: temporary/permanent work contract, full/part time work, job seniority, occupation, economic activity of the company, public/private sector, and company size. The associations with job insecurity were studied using bivariate and multivariate analyses. One quarter of the study sample was exposed to job insecurity, without any difference between genders. Lower age and lower educational levels were associated with job insecurity. Employees who had a temporary work contract, lower job seniority, who were working in low-skilled occupational groups, in manufacturing (for both genders) and construction (among men), and in the private sector had a higher prevalence of exposure to job insecurity. The two major employment variables associated with job insecurity were temporary work contract (prevalence ratios>2) and private sector (prevalence ratios>1.4) for the whole sample and for both men and women. Our findings suggested that intervention/prevention measures could be oriented towards specific highly exposed groups of the working population, especially those exposed to temporary work contract and/or working in the private sector. Our study also underlined that constructing JEMs for job insecurity may be possible and could be a useful tool for large-scale occupational health studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Niedhammer
- Irset (Institut de Recherche en Sante, Environnement et Travail)-UMR_S 1085, INSERM, University Angers, University Rennes, EHESP, ESTER Team, Angers, France
| | - Elodie Pineau
- Irset (Institut de Recherche en Sante, Environnement et Travail)-UMR_S 1085, INSERM, University Angers, University Rennes, EHESP, ESTER Team, Angers, France
| | - Sandrine Bertrais
- Irset (Institut de Recherche en Sante, Environnement et Travail)-UMR_S 1085, INSERM, University Angers, University Rennes, EHESP, ESTER Team, Angers, France
| | - Duncan Gallie
- Nuffield College, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Baek SU, Yoon JH, Won JU. Associations between precarious employment and smoking and regular exercise: Results from a Korean longitudinal panel study from 2005 to 2020. Prev Med 2023; 168:107420. [PMID: 36603605 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2022.107420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
We examined whether precarious employment (PE) is related to cigarette smoking and physical inactivity and whether a longer duration of PE intensifies the detrimental impact. Using Korean longitudinal panel data, 89,289 observations of 15,712 employees were analyzed. Mixed models were applied to estimate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). We adjusted for time-varying characteristics of the participants (age, education, marital status, income, occupation, and working hours). ORs of associations between PE and current smoking were 1.09 (95% CI: 0.95-1.25) in men and 1.77 (1.03-3.05) in women. Also, ORs of associations between PE and regular exercise were 0.52 (0.46-0.58) in men and 0.95 (0.85-1.07) in women. Next, the longer the duration of PE was related to the higher the risk of current smoking and physical inactivity. For instance, over 6 years of PE was related to the highest risk of current smoking in men (1.80 [1.38-2.34]) and women (3.94 [1.25-12.44]). Also, over 6 years of PE was related to the lowest likelihood of regular exercise in men (0.47 [0.37-0.59]), but not in women (0.83 [0.65-1.06]). A longer duration of PE is also related to a change in health behaviors among men. Over 6 years of PE was associated with the highest risk of smoking initiation (2.02 [1.28-3.19]) and the lowest likelihood of exercise initiation (0.42 [0.32-0.55]) in men. However, a longer duration of PE was not associated with a change in health behaviors in women. Our findings highlight that PE have a detrimental impact on health behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Uk Baek
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; The Institute for Occupational Health, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Graduate School, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Ha Yoon
- The Institute for Occupational Health, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Uk Won
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; The Institute for Occupational Health, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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27
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Jeong H, Yim HW, Lee SY, Jung DY. Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Gender Differences in Depression Based on National Representative Data. J Korean Med Sci 2023; 38:e36. [PMID: 36786083 PMCID: PMC9925330 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2023.38.e36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Restrictions on daily life and changes in economic structure due to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) likely would have affected men and women differently. However, there is still a lack of research on the difference between men and women in the amount of change in depression during COVID-19 compared to before COVID-19. Therefore, the researchers investigated gender differences in the magnitude of increase in the prevalence of depression with its severity and individual symptoms during COVID-19 compared with pre-pandemic levels. METHODS The Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) 2016 and 2018 were used to assess depression levels pre-pandemic and the KNHANES 2020 for pandemic depression levels. Depression was evaluated using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). To analyze the differences between men and women in the magnitude of the mental health impact of COVID-19, the researchers analyzed the weighted differences in depression prevalence, severity, and individual symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic compared to before COVID-19 stratified by gender. RESULTS In men, there were significant increases in weighted prevalence for depression (1.2% percentage point; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.0-2.3) and severe symptoms of depression (2.6-fold; 95% CI, 1.2-5.7). Among the individual symptoms of depression, significant increases during the pandemic compared to before were: little interest or pleasure in doing things, 1.26-fold; feeling tired or having little energy, 2.2-fold; and suicidal thoughts, 1.7-fold. However, there was no significant difference in prevalence, symptoms severity, and any symptom before and during COVID-19 in women. CONCLUSIONS Because the pandemic is likely to increase mental problems of the affected over time due to such problems as financial stress and joblessness or post-infection health issues, the researchers anticipate an increase in the prevalence of some mental illnesses. In particular, since the suicide rate of men is higher than that of women, from a public health perspective, active interventions are needed to prevent an increase in the suicide rate due to COVID-19. It is also necessary to establish national policies to overcome the psychological, social, and economic losses resulting from COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunsuk Jeong
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyeon Woo Yim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Seung-Yup Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Da Young Jung
- Clinical Research Coordinating Center, Catholic Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
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28
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Hazzard VM, Mason TB, Smith KE, Schaefer LM, Anderson LM, Dodd DR, Crosby RD, Wonderlich SA. Identifying transdiagnostically relevant risk and protective factors for internalizing psychopathology: An umbrella review of longitudinal meta-analyses. J Psychiatr Res 2023; 158:231-244. [PMID: 36603318 PMCID: PMC9898156 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2022.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Internalizing mental disorders are highly comorbid with one another, and evidence suggests that etiological processes contributing to these disorders often overlap. This systematic umbrella review aimed to synthesize meta-analytic evidence from observational longitudinal studies to provide a comprehensive overview of potentially modifiable risk and protective factors across the depressive, anxiety, and eating disorder psychopathology domains. Six databases were searched from inception to August 2022. Only meta-analyses of longitudinal studies that accounted for baseline psychopathology (either via exclusion of baseline cases or statistical adjustment for baseline symptoms) were included. Methodological quality of meta-analyses was evaluated using the AMSTAR 2, and quality of evidence for each analysis was rated using GRADE. Study selection, quality assessment, and data extraction were conducted in duplicate by independent reviewers. The protocol for this review was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42020185575). Sixty-one meta-analyses were included, corresponding to 137 meta-analytic estimates for unique risk/protective factor-psychopathology relationships. Most potential risk/protective factors, however, were examined only in relation to depressive psychopathology. Concern over mistakes and self-esteem were the only risk and protective factors, respectively, identified as statistically significant across depressive, anxiety, and eating disorder psychopathology domains. Eight risk factors and four protective factors also emerged as having transdiagnostic relevance across depressive and anxiety domains. Results suggest intervention targets that may be valuable for preventing/treating the spectrum of internalizing psychopathology and reducing comorbidity. However, few factors were identified as transdiagnostically relevant across all three internalizing domains, highlighting the need for more research investigating similar sets of potential risk/protective factors across internalizing domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivienne M Hazzard
- Center for Biobehavioral Research, Sanford Research, United States; Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, United States; Division of Epidemiology & Community Health, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, United States.
| | - Tyler B Mason
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, United States
| | - Kathryn E Smith
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Southern California, United States
| | | | - Lisa M Anderson
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, United States
| | - Dorian R Dodd
- Center for Biobehavioral Research, Sanford Research, United States
| | - Ross D Crosby
- Center for Biobehavioral Research, Sanford Research, United States
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Stylianou T, Ntelas K. Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Mental Health and Socioeconomic Aspects in Greece. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:1843. [PMID: 36767206 PMCID: PMC9914756 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20031843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The global outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic has spread worldwide, affecting almost all countries and territories. COVID-19 continues to impact various spheres of our life, such as the economy, industries, global market, agriculture, human health, health care, and many others. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of the COVID-lockdowns on people's mental health in Greece. A descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted in several urban, semi-urban and rural areas. The survey of 252 Greek people was conducted in spring 2022, and 46.8% of them were female and the other 53.2% were male. Ages were between 19 and 60 years old. Some of the main findings were that most of the participants feel their mental health got worse than before (about 80%), participants with kids were more affected than those who did not have any kids because they had bigger responsibilities and the pandemic might have caused them a lot of problems to deal with. The higher the income, the less they are affected, and people whose jobs did not change dramatically were also less likely to not be much mentally affected. Moreover, the percentage of smokers whose mental health became worse was greater than that among those who did not smoke. The same happened with those who consumed alcohol. Finally, we used the GBM algorithm to find three important predictors and we applied k-means to have a clear picture of the different clusters and how a number of participants are connected according to their answers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tasos Stylianou
- Business Administration, School of Social Sciences, Hellenic Open University, 26335 Patra, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Ntelas
- Big Data Analytics, School of Computing, Mediterranean College of Thessaloniki, 54625 Thessaloniki, Greece
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Dotsikas K, Crosby L, McMunn A, Osborn D, Walters K, Dykxhoorn J. The gender dimensions of mental health during the Covid-19 pandemic: A path analysis. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0283514. [PMID: 37205670 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0283514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Covid-19 pandemic has had a substantial population mental health impact, with evidence indicating that mental health has deteriorated in particular for women. This gender difference could be explained by the distinct experiences of women during the pandemic, including the burden of unpaid domestic labour, changes in economic activity, and experiences of loneliness. This study investigates potential mediators in the relationship between gender and mental health during the first wave of the Covid-19 pandemic in the UK. METHODS We used data from 9,351 participants of Understanding Society, a longitudinal household survey from the UK. We conducted a mediation analysis using structural equation modelling to estimate the role of four mediators, measured during the first lockdown in April 2020, in the relationship between gender and mental health in May and July 2020. Mental health was measured with the 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12). Standardized coefficients for each path were obtained, as well as indirect effects for the role of employment disruption, hours spent on housework, hours spent on childcare, and loneliness. RESULTS In a model controlling for age, household income and pre-pandemic mental health, we found that gender was associated with all four mediators, but only loneliness was associated with mental health at both time points. The indirect effects showed strong evidence of partial mediation through loneliness for the relationship between gender and mental health problems; loneliness accounted for 83.9% of the total effect in May, and 76.1% in July. No evidence of mediation was found for housework, childcare, or employment disruption. CONCLUSION The results suggest that the worse mental health found among women during the initial period of the Covid-19 pandemic is partly explained by women reporting more experiences of loneliness. Understanding this mechanism is important for prioritising interventions to address gender-based inequities that have been exacerbated by the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Dotsikas
- Division of Psychiatry, UCL, London, United Kingdom
- Institut Pierre Louis d'Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique, Equipe de Recherche en Epidémiologie Sociale, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Liam Crosby
- Division of Psychiatry, UCL, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anne McMunn
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, UCL, London, United Kingdom
| | - David Osborn
- Division of Psychiatry, UCL, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kate Walters
- Department of Primary Care and Population Health, UCL, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer Dykxhoorn
- Division of Psychiatry, UCL, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Primary Care and Population Health, UCL, London, United Kingdom
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Khattar J, Griffith LE, Jones A, De Rubeis V, de Groh M, Jiang Y, Basta NE, Kirkland S, Wolfson C, Raina P, Anderson LN. Symptoms of depression and anxiety, and unmet healthcare needs in adults during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:2242. [PMID: 36456993 PMCID: PMC9713148 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-14633-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted access to healthcare services in Canada. Research prior to the pandemic has found that depression and anxiety symptoms were associated with increased unmet healthcare needs. The primary objective of this study was to examine if mental health was associated with perceived access to healthcare during the pandemic METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted using data from 23,972 participants (aged 50-96) in the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging COVID-19 Exit Survey (Sept-Dec 2020). We used logistic regression to estimate how the presence of depression and anxiety symptoms, defined using scores of ≥10 on the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale and ≥10 on the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale, were associated with the odds of reporting: 1) challenges accessing healthcare, 2) not going to a hospital or seeing a doctor when needed, 3) experiencing barriers to COVID-19 testing. Models were adjusted for sex, age, region, urban/rural residence, racial background, immigrant status, income, marital status, work status, chronic conditions, and pre-pandemic unmet needs. RESULTS The presence of depressive (aOR=1.96; 95% CI=1.82, 2.11) and anxiety symptoms (aOR=2.33; 95% CI=2.04, 2.66) compared to the absence of these symptoms were independently associated with higher odds of challenges accessing healthcare. A statistically significant interaction with sex suggested stronger associations in females with anxiety. Symptoms of depression (aOR=2.88; 95% CI=2.58, 3.21) and anxiety (aOR=3.05; 95% CI=2.58, 3.60) were also associated with increased odds of not going to a hospital or seeing a doctor when needed. Lastly, depressive (aOR=1.99; 95% CI=1.71, 2.31) and anxiety symptoms (aOR=2.01; 95% CI=1.58, 2.56) were associated with higher odds of reporting barriers to COVID-19 testing. There was no significantly significant interaction with sex for the latter two outcomes. CONCLUSION The presence of depression and anxiety symptoms were strongly associated with perceived unmet healthcare needs during the COVID-19 pandemic. Interventions to improve healthcare access for adults with depression and anxiety during the pandemic may be necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayati Khattar
- grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8 Canada
| | - Lauren E. Griffith
- grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8 Canada
| | - Aaron Jones
- grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8 Canada
| | - Vanessa De Rubeis
- grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8 Canada
| | - Margaret de Groh
- grid.415368.d0000 0001 0805 4386Applied Research Division, Center for Surveillance and Applied Research, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, ON K0A 0K9 Canada
| | - Ying Jiang
- grid.415368.d0000 0001 0805 4386Applied Research Division, Center for Surveillance and Applied Research, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, ON K0A 0K9 Canada
| | - Nicole E. Basta
- grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, School of Population and Global Health, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Susan Kirkland
- grid.55602.340000 0004 1936 8200Department of Community Health & Epidemiology and Division of Geriatric Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Christina Wolfson
- grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, School of Population and Global Health & Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal Canada & Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Parminder Raina
- grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8 Canada
| | - Laura N. Anderson
- grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8 Canada
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Past, Present, and Future Labor Market Participation Among Patients Admitted to Hospital With Concurrent Substance Use and Mental Health Disorder, and What We Can Learn From It. J Occup Environ Med 2022; 64:1041-1045. [PMID: 36472565 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000002633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the study is to investigate the labor market participation of patients with concurrent substance use and mental health disorder before treatment, as well as the strength of the barriers to re-enter the labor market. METHODS The study population is composed of individuals with concurrent substance use and mental health disorder at a psychiatric unit in 1996, 2001, 2006, 2011, and 2016. The number of self-supported years 20 years back in time, as well as present and subsequent employment, was calculated. RESULTS From 1996 to 2016, there was a decrease by 43.8% in self-supported years before treatment and by 36.4% in the fraction of patients working at the time of admission. CONCLUSIONS The results point to increasing difficulties with regard to labor market attachment among individuals with mental illnesses.
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Weitzel EC, Löbner M, Glaesmer H, Hinz A, Zeynalova S, Henger S, Engel C, Reyes N, Wirkner K, Löffler M, Riedel-Heller SG. The Association of Resilience with Mental Health in a Large Population-Based Sample (LIFE-Adult-Study). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:15944. [PMID: 36498017 PMCID: PMC9740913 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192315944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Resilience describes a good adaptation to adversity. Strengthening resilience is a promising approach in the prevention of mental health problems. Yet, research on the association of resilience with mental health symptoms in the general population is scarce. The aim of our study is to examine comprehensively the association of resilience with depressive symptoms, anxiety, and perceived stress in a large population-based sample. We analyzed data of n = 3762 participants from the follow-up assessment of the LIFE-Adult-Study, a population-based cohort study in Leipzig. Assessments included resilience (RS-11), depressive symptoms (CES-D), anxiety (GAD-7), and perceived stress (PSQ). The association of resilience with mental health symptoms was examined via multiple linear regression analyses. In our analyses, higher resilience predicted less mental health problems and contributed significantly to the explained variance in mental health outcomes. Women, individuals with previous mental disorders, and those without employment had higher mental health symptoms. Resilience is closely associated with mental health problems in the general population. Vulnerable groups should be targeted with public health measures. Strengthening resilience is a promising approach in the large-scale prevention of mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Caroline Weitzel
- Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health (ISAP), Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Philipp-Rosenthal-Str. 55, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Margrit Löbner
- Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health (ISAP), Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Philipp-Rosenthal-Str. 55, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Heide Glaesmer
- Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Philipp-Rosenthal-Str. 55, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Andreas Hinz
- Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Philipp-Rosenthal-Str. 55, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Samira Zeynalova
- Institute of Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, University of Leipzig, Härtel-Str. 16–18, 04107 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sylvia Henger
- Institute of Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, University of Leipzig, Härtel-Str. 16–18, 04107 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christoph Engel
- Institute of Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, University of Leipzig, Härtel-Str. 16–18, 04107 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Nigar Reyes
- Institute of Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, University of Leipzig, Härtel-Str. 16–18, 04107 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kerstin Wirkner
- LIFE—Leipzig Research Centre for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Philipp-Rosenthal-Str. 27, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Markus Löffler
- Institute of Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, University of Leipzig, Härtel-Str. 16–18, 04107 Leipzig, Germany
- LIFE—Leipzig Research Centre for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Philipp-Rosenthal-Str. 27, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Steffi G. Riedel-Heller
- Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health (ISAP), Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Philipp-Rosenthal-Str. 55, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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Chirumbolo A, Callea A, Urbini F. Living in Liquid Times: The Relationships among Job Insecurity, Life Uncertainty, and Psychosocial Well-Being. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:15225. [PMID: 36429943 PMCID: PMC9690982 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192215225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Stress research has widely documented how uncertainty represents a strong stressor that, in general, is negatively associated with well-being. While the literature on job insecurity about this topic is extensive and exhaustive, empirical research on the outcomes of life uncertainty, namely the perception and feeling of precariousness regarding the present and future of one's own life, is yet to be fully explored. In the present paper, we aimed to investigate the relationships among job insecurity, life uncertainty, and psychosocial well-being outcomes, specifically, with a focus on job satisfaction and burnout. The participants were 357 workers (M = 146 and F = 211), with an average age of 41.78 y.o. (SD = 13.49), who completed an online questionnaire containing, in addition to sociodemographics information, measures of the study variables, namely job insecurity, life uncertainty, job satisfaction, and burnout. The results pointed out negative relationships of both job insecurity and life uncertainty with individual well-being, as they were negatively associated with job satisfaction and positively related to burnout. In a path analysis with latent variables, life uncertainty proved to fully mediate the relationship between job insecurity and psychosocial well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Chirumbolo
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonino Callea
- Department of Humanities, LUMSA University, 00193 Rome, Italy
| | - Flavio Urbini
- Department of Humanities, LUMSA University, 00193 Rome, Italy
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Donnelly R, Zajdel R, Farina MP. Inequality in Household Job Insecurity and Mental Health: Changes During the COVID-19 Pandemic. WORK AND OCCUPATIONS 2022; 49:457-482. [PMCID: PMC9474300 DOI: 10.1177/07308884221123255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Using nationally representative data from the Household Pulse Survey (April 2020-March 2021), we examined how associations between household job insecurity and mental health changed throughout the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States (n = 1,248,043). We also documented changes in the unequal distribution of job insecurity by race/ethnicity and educational attainment over time. We find that job insecurity was strongly associated with depression and anxiety throughout the study period, and the associations strengthened as the pandemic continued, especially in fall 2020. Moreover, racial/ethnic minorities with lower levels of educational attainment had the greatest risk of job insecurity, and educational disparities in job insecurity changed over time. Psychological distress during the pandemic, including disparities therein, must be considered a public health priority.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Donnelly
- Department of Sociology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Rachel Zajdel
- Minority Health and Health Disparities Population Laboratory, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mateo P. Farina
- Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Koch S, Lehr D, Hillert A. Chronischer beruflicher Stress: Behandlungsansätze mit
Psychotherapie. Psychother Psychosom Med Psychol 2022; 72:497-512. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1841-3145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Psychische Erkrankungen sind zunehmend Grund für
Arbeitsunfähigkeit und Frühberentung aus
Krankheitsgründen. Sie bilden einen Hauptrisikofaktor für
eingeschränkte Teilhabe am Erwerbsleben (z. B. [1, 2]). Dennoch
wird das Thema Beruf in der psychotherapeutischen Akutversorgung oft nur
nachrangig behandelt. Wie aber kann das Thema Arbeit spezifisch in der
Psychotherapie behandelt werden? Der vorliegende Beitrag gibt einen
Überblick.
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Appelhans BM, Gabriel KP, Lange-Maia BS, Karavolos K, Ylitalo KR, Karvonen-Gutierrez CA, Kravitz HM, Janssen I. Longitudinal associations of mid-life employment status with impaired physical function in the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation. Ann Epidemiol 2022; 74:15-20. [PMID: 35714876 PMCID: PMC10214385 DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2022.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study examined whether employment status during mid-life and older adulthood is associated with physical function impairment. METHODS Participants were 2700 women in the multiracial/multiethnic Study of Women's Health Across the Nation. Time-varying, lagged, and cumulative exposure analyses modeled associations between self-reported employment status and the likelihood of severe physical function impairment across 19 years of follow-up. RESULTS Independent of demographic variables, women who were not working (OR = 1.58, 95% CI = 1.22, 2.04) or employed part-time (OR = 1.29, 95% CI = 1.04, 1.61) were more likely to report severe physical function impairments than women employed full-time. This same pattern was seen in lagged analyses predicting risk of physical function impairment from employment status at the prior assessment (not working vs. full-time: OR = 1.53, 95% CI = 1.08, 2.18; part-time vs. full-time: OR = 1.53, 95% CI = 1.17, 2.00). The likelihood of severe physical function impairment increased by 20% for every additional 10% of follow-up spent not working (OR = 1.02, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.03). Associations were robust to adjustment for health-related variables, body mass index, and physical activity. CONCLUSIONS Women with lower levels of employment from mid-life to older adulthood were more likely to experience severe impairment in physical function. However, the underlying mechanisms, and the timescales over which associations unfold, require further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley M Appelhans
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Kelley Pettee Gabriel
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Brittney S Lange-Maia
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA; Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kelly Karavolos
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kelly R Ylitalo
- Department of Public Health, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
| | | | - Howard M Kravitz
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Imke Janssen
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
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Pulford A, Thapa A, Thomson RM, Guilding A, Green MJ, Leyland A, Popham F, Katikireddi SV. Does persistent precarious employment affect health outcomes among working age adults? A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Epidemiol Community Health 2022; 76:jech-2022-219292. [PMID: 36137738 PMCID: PMC9554022 DOI: 10.1136/jech-2022-219292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the impact of persistent precarious employment (lasting 12+ months) on the health of working age adults, compared with more stable employment. Persistent precarity reflects a shift towards less secure forms of employment and may be particularly important for health. METHODS Nine databases were systematically searched to identify quantitative studies that assessed the relationship between persistent precarious employment and health outcomes. Risk of bias (RoB) was assessed using an adaptation of the Effective Public Health Practice Project tool. Narrative synthesis and random effects meta-analysis were conducted. Certainty of evidence was assessed using the Grades of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. RESULTS Of 12 940 records screened, 50 studies met the inclusion criteria and 29 were included in meta-analyses. RoB was generally high (n=18). The most reported outcome domain was mental health; with evidence also reported relating to general health, physical health,and health behaviours. Of GRADE assessed outcomes, persistent precarious employment was associated with increased risk of poor self-rated health (OR 1.53, 95% CI 1.09 to 2.14, I2=80%) and mental health symptoms (OR 1.44, 95% CI 1.23 to 1.70, I2=65%). The association with all-cause mortality was imprecisely estimated (OR 1.10, 5% CI 0.91 to 1.33, I2=73%). There was very low GRADE certainty across all outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Persistent precarious employment is associated with poorer health, particularly for outcomes with short time lags, though associations are small and causality is highly uncertain. Further research using more robust methods is needed but given potential health harms of persistent precarious employment, exploration of precautionary labour regulations and employment policies is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Pulford
- Evidence for Action Team, Public Health Scotland Glasgow Office, Glasgow, UK
- MRC/CSO Social & Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Alekh Thapa
- College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Rachel M Thomson
- MRC/CSO Social & Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Annette Guilding
- MRC/CSO Social & Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Michael James Green
- MRC/CSO Social & Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Alastair Leyland
- MRC/CSO Social & Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Frank Popham
- MRC/CSO Social & Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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Hannerz H, Burr H, Soll-Johanning H, Nielsen ML, Garde AH, Flyvholm MA. Fixed-term contract positions, unemployment and mental ill health: a Danish cohort study. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:1744. [PMID: 36104677 PMCID: PMC9472339 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-14137-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Both perceived job insecurity and unemployment has been associated with an increased risk of developing mental ill health. It has, moreover, been proposed that an insecure employment may be as detrimental as unemployment itself.
Objective
To estimate incidence rate ratios (RRs) of (i) redeemed prescriptions for psychotropic drugs and (ii) psychiatric hospital treatment due to mood, anxiety, or stress-related disease, among fixed-term contract workers (as an operationalization of insecure job) vs. unemployed, in the general population of Denmark.
Methods
Data on baseline employment status were drawn from the Danish Labor Force Surveys in the years 2001–2013. Participants (10,265 fixed-term contract workers and 7926 unemployed) were followed for up to 5 years in national registers (2439 cases of psychotropic drug use, 71,516 person years; 311 cases of psychiatric hospital treatment, 86,790 person years). Adjusted RRs were obtained by Poisson regression. We aspired to minimize health selection effects by (i) exclusion of survey participants who received sickness benefits, social security cash benefits, psychiatric hospital treatment or a prescription for psychotropic drugs, within 1-year prior to baseline (n = 11,693), (ii) adjustment for age, gender, level of education, calendar year, disposable family income and maternity/paternity benefits within 1-year prior to baseline.
Results
The adjusted RR for fixed-term contract workers vs. unemployed was 0.98 (99.5% CI: 0.87—1.11) for psychotropic drugs and 0.93 (99.5% CI: 0.67—1.30) for psychiatric hospital treatment.
Conclusion
The present study did not find significant differences in the risk of developing mental ill health between fixed-term contract workers and unemployed, and thus suggests that fixed-term contracts may be as detrimental as unemployment.
Trial registration
International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID): DERR2-10.2196/24392.
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Kim B, Kim DH, Jang SY, Shin J, Lee SG, Kim TH. Family economic hardship and adolescent mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic. Front Public Health 2022; 10:904985. [PMID: 36148341 PMCID: PMC9486021 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.904985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective This study examined whether pandemic related family economic hardships influenced adolescents' mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic in Korea. Methods Data were collected from 54,948 adolescents who participated in the 2020 Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-Based Survey. We performed a multiple logistic regression analysis to examine the association between family economic hardship and mental health (anxiety, depressive symptoms, and suicidal ideation). Results Among the adolescents, 39.7, 24.7, and 5.9% reported slight, moderate, and severe economic hardship, respectively. COVID-19 related family economic hardship was significantly associated with higher odds of adolescents reporting anxiety, depressive symptoms, and suicidal ideation. This association was stronger among adolescents with low to middle family economic status. Conclusions This study suggests that adolescents from more economically vulnerable families are likely to be at a higher risk for long-term mental health effects due to the financial consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bomgyeol Kim
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Do Hee Kim
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Suk-Yong Jang
- Department of Healthcare Management, Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jaeyong Shin
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sang Gyu Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Tae Hyun Kim
- Department of Healthcare Management, Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea,*Correspondence: Tae Hyun Kim
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Bazzoli A, Probst TM. Taking stock and moving forward: A textual statistics approach to synthesizing four decades of job insecurity research. ORGANIZATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY REVIEW 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/20413866221112386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We collected the abstracts of manuscripts examining job insecurity published between 1984 and 2019 and carried out a textual analysis to investigate the defining clusters, their development over time, and whether there was evidence of siloed knowledge. Results suggested that job insecurity research seems to be fragmented into disciplinary foci (organizational psychology, public health, economics, and sociology). Further analyses on the organizational psychology corpus, revealed 25 topics with distinct temporal trajectories: some were increasing (analytical advances and differentiation between cognitive and affective job insecurity) while other were decreasing (scale development). The remaining abstracts revealed 15 topics with more stable trajectories. Based on these results, we identified five areas for future organizational research on job insecurity: the changing labor market, the need to better understand the experiences of marginalized workers and non-work outcomes of job insecurity, the added-value of qualitative research, and the need to critically evaluate our assumptions as researchers. Plain Language Summary Since the paper by Greenhalgh and Rosenblatt, research on job insecurity has burgeoned. Taking an interdisciplinary perspective, we collected the abstracts of all peer-reviewed manuscripts examining job insecurity published between 1984 and 2019 and carried out a textual analysis using the Latent Dirichlet Allocation and the Reinert method to investigate (a) the defining clusters of job insecurity research, (b) the development of such clusters over time, and (c) whether there was any evidence of siloed knowledge. Results suggested that indeed job insecurity research seems to be fragmented into four main disciplinary foci (organizational psychology, public health, economics, and sociology) with relatively little cross-fertilization. We conducted further analyses of the abstracts stemming from organizational research on job insecurity, revealing 25 topics with distinct temporal trajectories (e.g., “hot” topics including the increasing use of advanced analytic techniques and differentiation between cognitive and affective job insecurity) and “cold” topics including the development of job insecurity measures). The remaining abstracts revealed 15 topics with more stable research interests over time (e.g., a continued reliance on appraisal theories). Based on these results, we identified five areas for future organizational research on job insecurity based on: the changing labor market, the need to better understand the experiences of marginalized workers and non-work outcomes of job insecurity, the added-value of qualitative research, and finally the need to critically evaluate our assumptions as researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Bazzoli
- Department of Psychology, Washington State University Vancouver, Vancouver, WA, USA
| | - Tahira M. Probst
- Department of Psychology, Washington State University Vancouver, Vancouver, WA, USA
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Labor Market Affiliation of Marginal Part-Time Workers in Denmark-A Longitudinal Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19137634. [PMID: 35805292 PMCID: PMC9278133 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19137634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
This longitudinal study examined the labor market affiliations of marginal part-time workers (<15 working hours/week) compared with full-time workers (32−40 working hours/week) within gender and age groups. Analyses were based on 1,492,187 Danish employees with marginal part-time or full-time work at baseline using register data of working hours and labor market affiliation from the Labor Market Account. We used the Expected Labor Market Affiliation method within gender and age groups to estimate the time spent in different labor market states over a 5-year follow-up from 2012−2017. The multistate model included five recurrent labor market states: work, unemployment, long-term sickness absence, studying, and temporarily out, and the results were adjusted for education level, morbidity, and ethnicity. A marginal part-time worker generally had fewer days of work without social benefits and spent more days studying during follow-up compared with a full-time worker. In addition, marginal part-time workers ≥ 25 years old had more days of unemployment and more days of long-term sickness absence. These findings suggest that marginal part-time workers have fewer paid workdays without social benefits compared with full-time workers, depending on age. Further studies should explore whether marginal part-time work is a stepping stone into or out of the labor market.
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Hassan S, Cuevas Garcia-Dorado S, Belesova K, Murage P, Whitmee S, Huxley R, Green R, Haines A. A protocol for analysing the effects on health and greenhouse gas emissions of implemented climate change mitigation actions. Wellcome Open Res 2022; 6:111. [PMID: 36312457 PMCID: PMC9608249 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.16754.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: It is crucial to understand the benefits to human health from decarbonisation to galvanise action among decision makers. Most of our existing evidence comes from modelling studies and little is known about the extent to which the health co-benefits of climate change mitigation actions are realised upon implementation. We aim to analyse evidence from mitigation actions that have been implemented across a range of sectors and scales, to identify those that can improve and sustain health, while accelerating progress towards a zero-carbon economy. Objectives: To understand the implementation process of actions and the role of key actors; explain the contextual elements influencing these actions; summarise what effects, both positive and negative, planned and unplanned they may have on emissions of greenhouse gases and health; and to summarise environmental, social, or economic co-benefits. Data: We will review evidence collected through partnership with existing data holders and an open call for evidence. We will also conduct a hand search of reference lists from systematic reviews and websites of organisations relevant to climate change mitigation. Screening: Screening will be done by two reviewers according to a pre-defined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Analysis: We will identify gaps where implementation or evaluation of implementation of mitigation actions is lacking. We will synthesise the findings to describe how actions were implemented and how they achieved results in different contexts, identifying potential barriers and facilitators to their design, implementation, and uptake. We will also synthesise their effect on health outcomes and other co-benefits. Quantitative synthesis will depend on the heterogeneity of outcomes and metrics. Conclusions: Findings will be used to identify lessons that can be learned from successful and unsuccessful mitigation actions, to make inferences on replicability, scalability, and transferability and will contribute to the development of frameworks that can be used by policy makers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syreen Hassan
- Centre on Climate Change and Planetary Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Sol Cuevas Garcia-Dorado
- Centre on Climate Change and Planetary Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Kristine Belesova
- Centre on Climate Change and Planetary Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Peninah Murage
- Centre on Climate Change and Planetary Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Sarah Whitmee
- Centre on Climate Change and Planetary Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
| | | | - Rosemary Green
- Centre on Climate Change and Planetary Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Andrew Haines
- Centre on Climate Change and Planetary Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
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Hassan S, Cuevas Garcia-Dorado S, Belesova K, Murage P, Whitmee S, Huxley R, Green R, Haines A. A protocol for analysing the effects on health and greenhouse gas emissions of implemented climate change mitigation actions. Wellcome Open Res 2022; 6:111. [PMID: 36312457 PMCID: PMC9608249 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.16754.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: It is crucial to understand the benefits to human health from decarbonisation to galvanise action among decision makers. Most of our existing evidence comes from modelling studies and little is known about the extent to which the health co-benefits of climate change mitigation actions are realised upon implementation. We aim to analyse evidence from mitigation actions that have been implemented across a range of sectors and scales, to identify those that can improve and sustain health, while accelerating progress towards a zero-carbon economy. Objectives: To understand the implementation process of actions and the role of key actors; explain the contextual elements influencing these actions; summarise what effects, both positive and negative, planned and unplanned they may have on emissions of greenhouse gases and health; and to summarise environmental, social, or economic co-benefits. Data: We will review evidence collected through partnership with existing data holders and an open call for evidence. We will also conduct a hand search of reference lists from systematic reviews and websites of organisations relevant to climate change mitigation. Screening: Screening will be done by two reviewers according to a pre-defined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Analysis: We will identify gaps where implementation or evaluation of implementation of mitigation actions is lacking. We will synthesise the findings to describe how actions were implemented and how they achieved results in different contexts, identifying potential barriers and facilitators to their design, implementation, and uptake. We will also synthesise their effect on health outcomes and other co-benefits. Quantitative synthesis will depend on the heterogeneity of outcomes and metrics. Conclusions: Findings will be used to identify lessons that can be learned from successful and unsuccessful mitigation actions, to make inferences on replicability, scalability, and transferability and will contribute to the development of frameworks that can be used by policy makers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syreen Hassan
- Centre on Climate Change and Planetary Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Sol Cuevas Garcia-Dorado
- Centre on Climate Change and Planetary Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Kristine Belesova
- Centre on Climate Change and Planetary Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Peninah Murage
- Centre on Climate Change and Planetary Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Sarah Whitmee
- Centre on Climate Change and Planetary Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
| | | | - Rosemary Green
- Centre on Climate Change and Planetary Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Andrew Haines
- Centre on Climate Change and Planetary Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
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Richardson T, Enrique A, Earley C, Adegoke A, Hiscock D, Richards D. The Acceptability and Initial Effectiveness of “Space From Money Worries”: An Online Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Intervention to Tackle the Link Between Financial Difficulties and Poor Mental Health. Front Public Health 2022; 10:739381. [PMID: 35493363 PMCID: PMC9046654 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.739381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Previous research has shown a strong relationship between financial difficulties and mental health problems. Psychological factors such as hope and worry about finances appear to be an important factor in this relationship. Objective To develop an online based psychological intervention (Space from Money Worries) to tackle the psychological mechanisms underlying the relationship between poor mental health and financial difficulties, and to conduct an initial evaluation of the acceptability and preliminary efficacy of the intervention. Materials and Methods 30 participants accessing Increasing Access to Psychological Therapies (IAPT) services completed GAD-7 to measure anxiety and PHQ-9 to measure depression upon signing up to the online intervention and again 4 to 8 weeks after this. Participants also completed a measure of perceived financial distress/wellbeing and a “Money and Mental Health Scale” constructed for the evaluation. Results Overall, 77% (n = 23) completed the intervention and follow-up assessments. Intent to Treat Analysis showed that there were statistically significant improvements in symptoms of depression, anxiety, improved perceived financial wellbeing and reduced scores on the money and mental health scale. The vast majority of participants rated each module positively. Conclusions Space from Money Worries appears to be acceptable and may lead to improvements in mental health, perceived financial wellbeing and a reduced relationship between financial difficulties and poor mental health. However, future research with a larger sample and a control group are needed to confirm that these changes are due to the intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Richardson
- Richardson Psychological Consultation Limited, The Psychotherapy Practice, Southampton, United Kingdom
- Clinical Research & Innovation, SilverCloud Health, Dublin, Ireland
- *Correspondence: Thomas Richardson
| | - Angel Enrique
- Clinical Research & Innovation, SilverCloud Health, Dublin, Ireland
- E-Mental Health Research Group, School of Psychology, University of Dublin, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Caroline Earley
- Clinical Research & Innovation, SilverCloud Health, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Adedeji Adegoke
- Clinical Research & Innovation, SilverCloud Health, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Douglas Hiscock
- Clinical Research & Innovation, SilverCloud Health, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Derek Richards
- Clinical Research & Innovation, SilverCloud Health, Dublin, Ireland
- E-Mental Health Research Group, School of Psychology, University of Dublin, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Depression and Perceived Social Support among Unemployed Youths in China: Investigating the Roles of Emotion-Regulation Difficulties and Self-Efficacy. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19084676. [PMID: 35457545 PMCID: PMC9029286 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19084676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, the issue of youth unemployment has begun to emerge in China. Unemployed young people are at high risk of depression and other mental health problems. The present study investigates influential factors related to depression and examines the possible mediating effects of difficulties in emotion regulation and self-efficacy between perceived social support and depressive symptoms among unemployed youths in China. Through community recruitment, 511 unemployed young people from Shanghai participated in this cross-sectional survey. The results demonstrate that the prevalence of probable depression in the sample was 49.3% (95% CI: 45.0-53.7%). Moreover, we found that both the perceived social support and self-efficacy were significant negative predictors of depression, whereas difficulties in emotion regulation were positive predictors of depression. In addition, the analysis results indicate that difficulties in emotion regulation and self-efficacy partially mediate the relationship between perceived social support and depression. Overall, this cross-sectional study reveals that depression and mental health problems among China's unemployed youths are concerning while identifying emotion-regulation difficulties as a risk factor for these and social support and self-efficacy as protective factors, all of which warrant our attention in preventing and intervening with cases of youth depression.
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Lee J, Allen J. Young women's food consumption and mental health: the role of employment. BMC Womens Health 2022; 22:91. [PMID: 35337300 PMCID: PMC8957117 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-022-01675-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study explores the relationship between young women’s consumption of healthy and unhealthy food and depression and examines the moderating effect of their employment status on the relationship.
Methods The National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 79 for Children and Young Adults (NLSY79 CY) was used for this study. The final sample included a total of 1524 young women aged from 18 to 35 years. Multiple Linear Regression was conducted to answer the research questions. Results Fast food consumption was related to higher levels of depression among young women while fruit intake was associated with lower levels of depression. Employment status moderated the relationship between young women’s fruit consumption and depression. Conclusions Young women are encouraged to consume more fruit and less fast food in order to ameliorate depression. Programs that target young women’s mental health should consider addressing their nutritional needs, through, for example, vouchers for fresh, nutritious foods; nutrition or cooking education; or having a certified nutrition specialist on staff.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaewon Lee
- School of Social Welfare, Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jennifer Allen
- School of Social Work, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
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Antino M, Ruiz-Zorrilla P, Sanz-Vergel AI, Leon-Perez JM, Rodriguez-Muñoz A. The role of job insecurity and work-family conflict on mental health evolution during COVID-19 lockdown. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF WORK AND ORGANIZATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/1359432x.2022.2049251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mirko Antino
- Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Departamento de Psicobiología y Metodología en Ciencias del Comportamiento, Madrid, España
| | - Paula Ruiz-Zorrilla
- Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Departamento de Psicobiología y Metodología en Ciencias del Comportamiento, Madrid, España
| | | | | | - Alfredo Rodriguez-Muñoz
- Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Departamento de Psicobiología y Metodología en Ciencias del Comportamiento, Madrid, España
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Hadar-Shoval D, Alon-Tirosh M, Asraf K, Tannous-Haddad L, Tzischinsky O. The Association Between Men's Mental Health During COVID-19 and Deterioration in Economic Status. Am J Mens Health 2022; 16:15579883221082427. [PMID: 35245985 PMCID: PMC8902012 DOI: 10.1177/15579883221082427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated associations among economic status deterioration, mental health, and gender during the COVID-19 pandemic. A total of 1,807 participants completed an online questionnaire that included demographic variables and questions measuring three mental health variables: psychological distress (as measured by symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress), adjustment disorder, and emotional eating. Results indicated that women reported higher mental health impairment than men. Men and women whose economic status significantly deteriorated because of the COVID-19 pandemic reported greater mental health impairment than those whose economic status did not significantly deteriorate. However, men whose economic status significantly deteriorated reported high mental health impairment (emotional eating and adjustment difficulties) similar to women in the same situation. This change in men's reporting pattern suggests that the economic impact of COVID-19 severely impacted their mental health and affected how they view their masculinity, which, in turn, further impaired their mental health. As the COVID-19 outbreak has had a significant impact on mental health worldwide, it is important to identify individuals and groups who are at high risk of mental health impairment. The current study demonstrates that men's distress, which is frequently complex to identify, can be detected using standardized measures and analyzing these according to changes in reporting patterns as opposed to simply examining means and frequencies. The results suggest that the COVID-19 crisis may provide an opportunity to understand more about mental health, in particular, that of men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorit Hadar-Shoval
- Psychology Department, The Max Stern Yezreel Valley College, Emek Yezreel, Israel
| | - Michal Alon-Tirosh
- Behavioral Sciences Department, The Max Stern Yezreel Valley College, Emek Yezreel, Israel
| | - Kfir Asraf
- Psychology Department, The Max Stern Yezreel Valley College, Emek Yezreel, Israel
| | - Lubna Tannous-Haddad
- Behavioral Sciences Department, The Max Stern Yezreel Valley College, Emek Yezreel, Israel
| | - Orna Tzischinsky
- Educational Counseling Department, The Max Stern Yezreel Valley College, Emek Yezreel, Israel
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Donnelly R. Precarious Work in Midlife: Long-Term Implications for the Health and Mortality of Women and Men. JOURNAL OF HEALTH AND SOCIAL BEHAVIOR 2022; 63:142-158. [PMID: 34794348 DOI: 10.1177/00221465211055090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Although prior research documents adverse health consequences of precarious work, we know less about how chronic exposure to precarious work in midlife shapes health trajectories among aging adults. The present study uses longitudinal data from the Health and Retirement Study to consider how histories of precarious work in later midlife (ages 50-65) shape trajectories of health and mortality risk after age 65. Results show that greater exposure to unemployment, job insecurity, and insufficient work hours in midlife predicts more chronic conditions and functional limitations after age 65. Characteristics of precarious work also predict increased mortality risk in later life. Findings indicate few gender differences in linkages between precarious work and health; however, women are more likely than men to experience job insecurity throughout midlife. Because precarious work is unlikely to abate, results suggest the need to reduce the health consequences of working in precarious jobs.
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