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Sossa Rojas A. Bodily Practices and Meanings Articulated in the Physical Exercise of Older Adults in Santiago de Chile Post-COVID-19. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 21:567. [PMID: 38791782 PMCID: PMC11121339 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21050567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
This article presents the results of almost nine months of ethnographic research on the relationship between physical exercise and health in older people in the post-COVID-19 context. Via exploratory-descriptive qualitative research and the use of a convenient sample, I shed light on this relationship using the stories and life experiences of 40 older people (10 men and 30 women, including two women instructors for senior classes) who exercise regularly. The meanings they attributed to physical exercise during COVID-19 and after it are explained, emphasising first that there is no health in a context of not feeling safe; once there is a feeling of security, the most relevant meanings can be exposed in three directions. First, exercise produces a sense of identity linked to "being an athlete" and "belonging to a group". Second, exercising is valued as participating in something meaningful (the meanings range from self-realisation, independence, and autonomy to feelings of happiness). Finally, and linked to the sense of identity, those who train alone show more commitment and total hours spent in physical exercise and physical activity than those who train in groups. Even though older people are not a homogeneous group, they generally faced the pandemic as an ageist situation that affected their lives and how they saw sports and health. This article describes the strategies they used during COVID-19 related to exercise and well-being and those used once the pandemic restrictions were no longer present. The qualitative aspects that physical exercise brings to this population are highlighted. The research results give voice to older people, showing their heterogeneity and the meanings and practices that unite them. These inputs are rich material for studies on physical activity, older people, and well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Sossa Rojas
- Institute of Sociology (ISUC), Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile
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Taylor KA, Carroll MK, Short SA, Goode AP. Identifying characteristics and clinical conditions associated with hand grip strength in adults: the Project Baseline Health Study. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8937. [PMID: 38637523 PMCID: PMC11026445 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55978-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Low hand grip strength (HGS) is associated with several conditions, but its value outside of the older adult population is unclear. We sought to identify the most salient factors associated with HGS from an extensive list of candidate variables while stratifying by age and sex. We used data from the initial visit from the Project Baseline Health Study (N = 2502) which captured detailed demographic, occupational, social, lifestyle, and clinical data. We applied MI-LASSO using group methods to determine variables most associated with HGS out of 175 candidate variables. We performed analyses separately for sex and age (< 65 vs. ≥ 65 years). Race was associated with HGS to varying degrees across groups. Osteoporosis and osteopenia were negatively associated with HGS in female study participants. Immune cell counts were negatively associated with HGS for male participants ≥ 65 (neutrophils) and female participants (≥ 65, monocytes; < 65, lymphocytes). Most findings were age and/or sex group-specific; few were common across all groups. Several of the variables associated with HGS in each group were novel, while others corroborate previous research. Our results support HGS as a useful indicator of a variety of clinical characteristics; however, its utility varies by age and sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth A Taylor
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.
| | | | | | - Adam P Goode
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke University School of Medicine, Population Health Sciences, Durham, NC, USA
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Herraiz-Adillo Á, Ahlqvist VH, Higueras-Fresnillo S, Hedman K, Hagström E, Fortuin-de Smidt M, Daka B, Lenander C, Berglind D, Östgren CJ, Rådholm K, Ortega FB, Henriksson P. Physical fitness in male adolescents and atherosclerosis in middle age: a population-based cohort study. Br J Sports Med 2024; 58:bjsports-2023-107663. [PMID: 38355280 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2023-107663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine the associations between physical fitness in male adolescents and coronary and carotid atherosclerosis in middle age. METHODS This population-based cohort study linked physical fitness data from the Swedish Military Conscription Register during adolescence to atherosclerosis data from the Swedish CArdioPulmonary bioImage Study in middle age. Cardiorespiratory fitness was assessed using a maximal cycle-ergometer test, and knee extension muscular strength was evaluated through an isometric dynamometer. Coronary atherosclerosis was evaluated via Coronary Computed Tomography Angiography (CCTA) stenosis and Coronary Artery Calcium (CAC) scores, while carotid plaques were evaluated by ultrasound. The associations were analysed using multinomial logistic regression, adjusted (marginal) prevalences and restricted cubic splines. RESULTS The analysis included 8986 male adolescents (mean age 18.3 years) with a mean follow-up of 38.2 years. Physical fitness showed a reversed J-shaped association with CCTA stenosis and CAC, but no consistent association was observed for carotid plaques. After adjustments, compared with adolescents in the lowest tertile of cardiorespiratory fitness and muscular strength, those in the highest tertile had 22% (OR 0.78; 95% CI 0.61 to 0.99) and 26% (OR 0.74; 95% CI 0.58 to 0.93) lower ORs for severe (≥50%) coronary stenosis, respectively. The highest physical fitness group (high cardiorespiratory fitness and muscular strength) had 33% (OR 0.67; 95% CI 0.52 to 0.87) lower OR for severe coronary stenosis compared with those with the lowest physical fitness. CONCLUSION This study supports that a combination of high cardiorespiratory fitness and high muscular strength in adolescence is associated with lower coronary atherosclerosis, particularly severe coronary stenosis, almost 40 years later.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángel Herraiz-Adillo
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Viktor H Ahlqvist
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sara Higueras-Fresnillo
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Department of Physical Education, Sport and Human Motricity, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Kristofer Hedman
- Department of Clinical Physiology in Linköping, and Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Emil Hagström
- Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Bledar Daka
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg Sahlgrenska Academy, Goteborg, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Lenander
- Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Centre for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Daniel Berglind
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Centre for Epidemiology and Community Medicine, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Carl Johan Östgren
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Centre of Medical Image Science and Visualization (CMIV), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Karin Rådholm
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Francisco B Ortega
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS) and CIBEROBN Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Pontus Henriksson
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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Gonçalves C, Bravo J, Pais J, Abreu A, Raimundo A. Improving Health Outcomes in Coronary Artery Disease Patients with Short-Term Protocols of High-Intensity Interval Training and Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training: A Community-Based Randomized Controlled Trial. Cardiovasc Ther 2023; 2023:6297302. [PMID: 38146531 PMCID: PMC10749735 DOI: 10.1155/2023/6297302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies have shown that the higher the aerobic capacity, the lower the risk of cardiovascular mortality and morbidity. In the case of cardiac patients, high-intensity interval training (HIIT) seems to be more effective than moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) in improving aerobic capacity. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of two community-based exercise programs using two short-term protocols (HIIT and MICT) on physical fitness and physical activity (PA) levels in coronary artery disease (CAD) patients. Methods. In this randomized controlled trial, body composition, aerobic capacity, muscle strength, and daily PA levels were assessed before and after 6 weeks of intervention in 69 patients diagnosed with CAD. All patients were randomly (1 : 1 : 1) assigned to two exercise groups (HIIT or MICT) or a control group (no exercise). Both training programs consisted of 6 weeks of supervised treadmill exercise, three sessions per week. MICT targeted ≈70-75% of peak heart rate (HR), while HIIT aimed for ≈85-95% of peak HR. The control group only followed the medical recommendations. Results. Community-based exercise programs showed more positive effects on physical fitness variables and physical activity levels compared to control. HIIT could significantly improve waist circumference, body fat mass, VO2peak, sedentary behavior, and moderate-to-vigorous PA compared to MICT. Moreover, the control group showed poorer results. Conclusion. HIIT can improve health outcomes more positively than MICT and control. These findings indicate that HIIT may be an alternative and effective training method in community-based exercise programs for CAD patients. This trial is registered with NCT03538119.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Gonçalves
- Department of Sports and Health, School of Science and Technology, University of Évora, 7000-727 Évora, Portugal
- Comprehensive Health Research Centre (CHRC), Portugal
| | - Jorge Bravo
- Department of Sports and Health, School of Science and Technology, University of Évora, 7000-727 Évora, Portugal
- Comprehensive Health Research Centre (CHRC), Portugal
| | - João Pais
- Department of Cardiology, Espírito Santo Hospital of Évora, 7000-811 Évora, Portugal
| | - Ana Abreu
- Department of Cardiology, Santa Maria Hospital, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Armando Raimundo
- Department of Sports and Health, School of Science and Technology, University of Évora, 7000-727 Évora, Portugal
- Comprehensive Health Research Centre (CHRC), Portugal
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Gerber M, Filippou K, Knappe F, Morres ID, Tzormpatzakis E, Havas E, Seelig H, Colledge F, Ludyga S, Meier M, Theodorakis Y, von Känel R, Pühse U, Hatzigeorgiadis A. Associations between grip strength, cardiorespiratory fitness, cardiovascular risk and mental health in forcibly displaced people from a Greek refugee camp. Sci Rep 2023; 13:20970. [PMID: 38017094 PMCID: PMC10684690 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-48032-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Muscular strength represents a specific component of health-related fitness. Hand grip strength is used as a simple and dynamic marker of maximum voluntary force of the hand and to estimate overall strength. Today, little is known about the relationship between grip strength and health in forcibly displaced populations. In the present study, we examined whether grip strength is associated with various health outcomes in a sample of forcibly displaced people living in a Greek refugee camp. The present analyses are part of a larger pragmatic randomized controlled trial. In this paper, cross-sectional baseline data of 143 participants (71 men, 72 women) will be presented. In addition to grip strength, the following physical and mental health outcomes were assessed: body weight and body composition, blood pressure, total cholesterol, low- and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, blood glucose levels (HbA1c), post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, depressive and anxiety symptoms, pain, and quality of life. Linear regression analyses were carried out to examine how grip strength is associated with the health outcomes, separately for absolute and normalized grip strength scores. Grip strength was positively and strongly associated with percentage muscle mass (normalized grip strength: Stand. B = 0.58, p < .001), whereas a negative association existed for percentage body fat (normalized grip strength: Stand. B = - 0.58, p < .001). No statistically significant associations occurred between grip strength and the other cardiovascular risk markers. In contrast, we found that participants with higher normalized grip strength reported higher levels of PTSD (normalized grip strength: Stand. B = 0.36, p < .05) and depressive symptoms (normalized grip strength: Stand. B = 0.29, p < .05). No significant association occurred between grip strength, anxiety, pain and quality of life. Measuring grip strength in forcibly displaced people can be a useful way to assess their overall muscle strength. Grip strength tests are easy to implement, and results can be used to assess the effects of specific intervention measures. Nevertheless, our results question the usefulness of grip strength as a marker of cardiovascular health and mental wellbeing in a refugee camp setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Gerber
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Grosse Allee 6, 4052, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Konstantinia Filippou
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece
| | - Florian Knappe
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Grosse Allee 6, 4052, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ioannis D Morres
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece
| | - Emmanouil Tzormpatzakis
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece
| | - Elsa Havas
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece
| | - Harald Seelig
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Grosse Allee 6, 4052, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Flora Colledge
- Department of Health Sciences and Medicine, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian Ludyga
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Grosse Allee 6, 4052, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marianne Meier
- Interdisciplinary Center for Gender Studies, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Yannis Theodorakis
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece
| | - Roland von Känel
- Department of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Uwe Pühse
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Grosse Allee 6, 4052, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Antonis Hatzigeorgiadis
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece
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Camara M, Lima KC, Freire YA, Souto GC, Macêdo GAD, Silva RDM, Cabral LLP, Browne RAV, Lemos TMAM, Waters DL, Vieira ER, Manini TM, Costa EC. Independent and joint associations of cardiorespiratory fitness and lower-limb muscle strength with cardiometabolic risk in older adults. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0292957. [PMID: 37871003 PMCID: PMC10593220 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0292957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the independent and joint associations of low cardiorespiratory fitness and lower-limb muscle strength with cardiometabolic risk in older adults. A total of 360 community-dwelling older adults aged 60-80 years participated in this cross-sectional study. Cardiometabolic risk was based on the diagnosis of Metabolic Syndrome and poor Ideal Cardiovascular Health according to the American Heart Association guidelines. Cardiorespiratory fitness and lower-limb muscle strength were estimated using the six-minute walk and the 30-second chair stand tests, respectively. Participants in the 20th percentile were defined as having low cardiorespiratory fitness and lower-limb muscle strength. Poisson's regression was used to determine the prevalence ratio (PR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of Metabolic Syndrome and poor Ideal Cardiovascular Health. Participants with low cardiorespiratory fitness alone and combined with low lower-limb muscle strength were similarly associated with a higher risk for Metabolic Syndrome (PR 1.27, 95% CI 1.09-1.48, and PR 1.32, 95% CI 1.10-1.58, respectively), and poor Ideal Cardiovascular Health (PR 1.76, 95% CI 1.25-2.47, and PR 1.65, 95% CI 1.19-2.28, respectively). Low lower-limb muscle strength alone was not associated with a higher risk for either Metabolic Syndrome or poor Ideal Cardiovascular Health (PR 1.23, 95% CI 0.81-1.87, and PR 1.11, 95% CI 0.89-1.37, respectively). Low cardiorespiratory fitness alone or combined with low lower-limb muscle strength, but not low lower-limb muscle strength alone, was associated with a higher cardiometabolic risk in older adults. The assessment of physical fitness may be a "window of opportunity" to identify youngest-old adults with a high cardiovascular disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcyo Camara
- ExCE Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Kenio C. Lima
- Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Yuri A. Freire
- ExCE Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Gabriel C. Souto
- ExCE Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Geovani A. D. Macêdo
- ExCE Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Raissa de M. Silva
- ExCE Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Ludmila L. P. Cabral
- ExCE Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo A. V. Browne
- ExCE Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Telma M. A. M. Lemos
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Debra L. Waters
- Department of Medicine and School of Physiotherapy, University of Otago, Dunedin, Otago, New Zealand
- Department of General Internal Medicine/Geriatrics, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - Edgar R. Vieira
- Department of Physical Therapy, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Todd M. Manini
- Institute on Aging, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- Department of Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Eduardo Caldas Costa
- ExCE Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
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Christensen RAG, Knight JA, Sutradhar R, Brooks JD. Association between estimated cardiorespiratory fitness and breast cancer: a prospective cohort study. Br J Sports Med 2023; 57:1238-1247. [PMID: 37336634 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2021-104870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the association between cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and the risk of breast cancer in postmenopausal women. METHODS This study used data from 17 840 cancer-free postmenopausal women with a CRF assessment from the UK Biobank. High estimated CRF (eCRF) was categorised as being >80th percentile within 10-year age bands. Fine and Gray regression was used to examine the association between eCRF and breast cancer risk, accounting for both non-breast cancer diagnoses and all-cause mortality as competing risks. Age was used as the time scale. Several different models were produced, including those adjusting for known breast cancer risk factors, and stratified by measures of body fat (body mass index and per cent body fat). RESULTS Over a median follow-up of 11.0 years there were 529 cases of invasive breast cancer, 1623 cases of non-breast cancer disease and 241 deaths. With adjustment for breast cancer risk factors, high eCRF was associated with a 24% (subdistribution HR (SDHR) 0.76, 95% CI 0.60 to 0.97) lower risk of breast cancer. When stratified by measures of body fat, we found evidence of effect measure modification. Mainly, having high eCRF was only associated with a lower risk of breast cancer among those classified as having overweight/obesity (SDHR 0.33, 95% CI 0.11 to 1.01) or percentage body fat above the 1st quintile (SDHR 0.65, 95% CI 0.45 to 0.94). CONCLUSION Having higher CRF may be a protective factor against breast cancer in postmenopausal women but only for women with elevated body fat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca A G Christensen
- Public Health Sciences, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Julia A Knight
- Public Health Sciences, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rinku Sutradhar
- Public Health Sciences, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Cancer Research Program, ICES, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institue of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jennifer D Brooks
- Public Health Sciences, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Legarra-Gorgoñon G, García-Alonso Y, Ramírez-Vélez R, Erice-Echegaray B, Izquierdo M, Alonso-Martínez AM. Associations between basic motor competencies and physical fitness in Spanish pre-schoolers: a cross-sectional study. Ital J Pediatr 2023; 49:97. [PMID: 37568238 PMCID: PMC10422786 DOI: 10.1186/s13052-023-01504-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Basic motor competencies (BMC) play a vital role in child development and are a primary focus of physical education. However, there is a lack of research on BMC in preschool-aged children, making this study particularly significant. The present study aims to examine the relationship between BMC and physical fitness components in Spanish preschool children. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted on 101 children (n = 52 boys, average age of 4.80 years) living in Pamplona, North Spain. Components of physical fitness (handgrip strength, standing long jump, speed-agility, and cardiorespiratory fitness) were assessed using the PREFIT Battery. Overall physical fitness was computed from the four selected fitness components separately for boys and girls. Higher z-scores values in physical fitness indicate better fitness performance. To assess BMC, the MOBAK KG test battery was applied (subscales of object control and self-movement). Sex, age, and body mass index were used as main confounders. RESULTS After adjustment for confounding factors, the BMC was positively associated with single (z-scores) components and overall physical fitness sum of z-scores (R2 from 0.178 to 0.469, all P-values < 0.05). Additional percentile scores weakened the associations, but they still remained significant (R2 from 0.146 to 0.337, all P-values < 0.05). Compared with participants in the lowest tertile, those in the highest tertile of the MOBAK KG sum score, and in both object movement and self-movement test subscales had significantly higher scores in single fitness component (z-scores or percentile) and overall physical fitness sum of z-scores (all P for trend < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Our results revealed that higher BMC is associated with better physical fitness in Spanish preschool children. The findings emphasize the crucial role that basic motor competence plays in promoting physical activity in preschool children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaizka Legarra-Gorgoñon
- Department of Health Sciences, Navarrabiomed, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Avenida de Barañain S/N, Navarra, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Yesenia García-Alonso
- Department of Health Sciences, Navarrabiomed, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Avenida de Barañain S/N, Navarra, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Robinson Ramírez-Vélez
- Department of Health Sciences, Navarrabiomed, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Avenida de Barañain S/N, Navarra, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
- CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Blanca Erice-Echegaray
- Department of Health Sciences, Navarrabiomed, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Avenida de Barañain S/N, Navarra, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Mikel Izquierdo
- Department of Health Sciences, Navarrabiomed, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Avenida de Barañain S/N, Navarra, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
- CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alicia M Alonso-Martínez
- Department of Health Sciences, Navarrabiomed, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Avenida de Barañain S/N, Navarra, 31008, Pamplona, Spain.
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Feter N, de Paula D, Leite JS, Caputo EL, Rombaldi AJ. The association of aerobic and muscular fitness with cognitive impairment: Findings from a nationally representative survey. Psychiatry Res 2023; 326:115360. [PMID: 37494879 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2023.115360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to characterize the combined association between cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), muscular strength, and cognitive outcomes in middle-aged and older adults from low and middle-income countries (LMICs). We analyzed cross-sectional, population-based data from adults aged 50 years or older from six LMICs. Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) was defined according to the National Institute on Aging-Alzheimer's Association criteria. Estimated CRF (eCRF) was calculated using previously validated, sex-specific equations. Handgrip strength (HS) was used as an indicator of muscular strength. We used linear and robust Poisson regression models to examine the associations between eCRF, HS, and MCI. Data from 28,339 adults (63.1 [9.5] years) were analyzed. Participants with low eCRF (PR: 1.45; 95%CI: 1.11, 1.90) and HS (PR: 1.92; 95%CI: 1.79, 2.04) were more prone to have MCI. Participants with low HS showed higher likelihood of MCI than those with preserved HS through the CRF range; however, this difference was not seen among highly fit individuals (10 METs or higher). Each 1-MET (PR: 0.77; 95%CI: 0.67, 0.86) and 5-kgf (PR: 0.63; 95%CI: 0.48, 0.79) increase was associated with a reduction in the likelihood of MCI. eCRF and HS were strongly and independently associated with MCI in middle-aged and older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natan Feter
- Post Graduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Danilo de Paula
- Post Graduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Jayne S Leite
- Post Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Eduardo L Caputo
- Center for Evidence Synthesis in Health, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States
| | - Airton J Rombaldi
- Post Graduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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10
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Quinto G, Bettini S, Neunhaeuserer D, Battista F, Milan G, Gasperetti A, Vecchiato M, Vettor R, Ermolao A, Busetto L. Down-staging of obesity one year after bariatric surgery: a new proposal of Edmonton obesity staging system. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1147171. [PMID: 37547310 PMCID: PMC10401593 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1147171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Different approaches are used to classify obesity severity. The Edmonton Obesity Staging System (EOSS) considers medical, physical and psychological parameters. A new modified EOSS with a different functional evaluation method, measuring Cardiorespiratory Fitness (CRF), has been recently proposed, EOSS-CRF. Bariatric surgery (BS) is one of the most efficient treatments of obesity and all aspect of related disorders. No studies have yet applied EOSS-CRF after BS. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate modifications in EOSS and EOSS-CRF before and after BS. Methods This observational study finally enrolled 72 patients affected by obesity. A multi-disciplinary assessment in order to evaluate eligibility to surgical treatment has been performed, including anamnesis, physical evaluation, anthropometric data measurement, biochemical blood exams and cardiopulmonary exercise testing. One year after BS the same protocol was applied. Patients have been classified according to EOSS and EOSS-CRF before and one year after BS. Results After BS, patients categorized in classes associated to severe obesity (EOSS ≥ 2 or EOSS-CRF ≥ 2) reduced significantly. Using EOSS, patients without functional impairment were 61% before surgery and 69% after BS (p=0.383). Using EOSS-CRF, patients considered without functional impairment were only 9.7% before BS; this percentage significantly raised to 50% after BS (p<0.001). The impact of functional domains before and after BS is different in grading patients in EOSS and EOSS-CRF, respectively. Conclusions Improvements obtained after BS are adequately summarized by EOSS and EOSS-CRF. The EOSS-CRF grading method for functional impairment seems to better reflect the known amelioration obtained after BS. Objective measurements of CRF may provide additional value to classify severity of obesity, also in the follow-up after BS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Quinto
- Sports and Exercise Medicine Division, Regional Center for the Therapeutic Prescription of Exercise in Chronic Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Veneto Region, Italy
| | - Silvia Bettini
- Department of Medicine, Center for the Study and Integrated Treatment of Obesity (CeSTIO), Internal Medicine 3, University of Padova, Veneto Region, Italy
| | - Daniel Neunhaeuserer
- Sports and Exercise Medicine Division, Regional Center for the Therapeutic Prescription of Exercise in Chronic Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Veneto Region, Italy
| | - Francesca Battista
- Sports and Exercise Medicine Division, Regional Center for the Therapeutic Prescription of Exercise in Chronic Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Veneto Region, Italy
| | - Gabriella Milan
- Department of Medicine, Center for the Study and Integrated Treatment of Obesity (CeSTIO), Internal Medicine 3, University of Padova, Veneto Region, Italy
| | - Andrea Gasperetti
- Sports and Exercise Medicine Division, Regional Center for the Therapeutic Prescription of Exercise in Chronic Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Veneto Region, Italy
| | - Marco Vecchiato
- Sports and Exercise Medicine Division, Regional Center for the Therapeutic Prescription of Exercise in Chronic Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Veneto Region, Italy
| | - Roberto Vettor
- Department of Medicine, Center for the Study and Integrated Treatment of Obesity (CeSTIO), Internal Medicine 3, University of Padova, Veneto Region, Italy
| | - Andrea Ermolao
- Sports and Exercise Medicine Division, Regional Center for the Therapeutic Prescription of Exercise in Chronic Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Veneto Region, Italy
| | - Luca Busetto
- Department of Medicine, Center for the Study and Integrated Treatment of Obesity (CeSTIO), Internal Medicine 3, University of Padova, Veneto Region, Italy
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11
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S S, Kothari R, Mittal G, Gopani M, A P, Bokariya P, Vemparala SS, Tamrakar S, S A, A B. Exploring the Relationship Between the Indices of Body Composition With Grip Strength Performance and Peak VO2. Cureus 2023; 15:e40874. [PMID: 37492808 PMCID: PMC10363579 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.40874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The importance of measurements of body composition in terms of various indices including Body Mass Index (BMI), Body Surface Area (BSA), Body Size Index (BSI), and Waist to Height ratio (WtHR) in the diagnosis of health risks and mortality outcome analysis has largely been limited to their use relating to determining abdominal obesity. The understanding of the extent of implications of the newer, underutilized indices of body composition is deficient. Peak VO2 (maximal oxygen uptake) majorly serves for the evaluation of the measure of aerobic capacity. Grip strength performance is a simple, primary, objective predictor of overall physical status and muscular and cardiovascular fitness. This study aimed to derive the relationship between a gamut of parameters such as BMI, BSA, WtHR, BSI, grip strength performance and peak VO2 investigated using the latest scientific methodology in a cross-section of the population in a rural tertiary care center. Methodology This study was a descriptive, cross-sectional study carried out in a rural medical college in central India. Sixty participants from the healthcare setting were considered eligible for the study within the age group of 18 to 45 years. Anthropometric assessments like height (in cm), weight (in kg), waist circumference (in cm), and BMI were carried out. BSA, WtHR, and BSI were calculated using the respective formulae. VO2 max (maximal oxygen uptake) recordings were done using the treadmill/ergometer and metabolic module of LabChart software (Bella Vista, New South Wales, Australia). Grip Strength Performance was quantified by measuring the amount of static force with which the hand is able to squeeze a transducer. It was measured using Grip Force Transducer (MLT004 / ST) from AD Instruments (Bella Vista, New South Wales, Australia). Results Upon analysis, a significant negative correlation was obtained between BSI and BMI (r= -0.51, p<0.0001) whereas a significant positive correlation was found between BSA and BMI (r= 0.71, p< 0.0001). A significant correlation was also seen between WtHR and BMI (r= 0.71, p< 0.0001) while a negative significant correlation between peak VO2 and BMI (r= -024,p=0.0425) was deduced. Similarly, a negative correlation was evident between BSA and BMI (r= -0.46, p=0.0002) with a positive correlation between WtHR and BSA (r= 0.30,p=0.0188). Grip strength performance positively correlated with BSA (r= 0.58, p< 0.0001) whereas peak VO2 showed a significant negative correlation with WtHR (r= -026,p=0.043). There was also a positive significant correlation between grip strength performance and peak VO2 (r= 0.37, p=0.0033) Conclusion The study determined the relationships of grip strength performance and peak VO2, with the body composition indices in order to provide an overview of the mortal risks of an individual which might mediate the prognosis. Based on the relative independence of BSI with peak VO2 and grip strength performance, the unification of these parameters can help assess the overall health of an individual.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushmitha S
- Anatomy, Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Wardha, IND
| | - Ruchi Kothari
- Physiology, Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Wardha, IND
| | - Gaurav Mittal
- Physiology, Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Wardha, IND
| | - Maitri Gopani
- Anatomy, Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Wardha, IND
| | - Prashanth A
- Physiology, Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Wardha, IND
| | - Pradeep Bokariya
- Anatomy, Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Wardha, IND
| | | | | | - Abishek S
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, SRM Medical College Hospital & Research Centre, Kattankulathur, IND
| | - Bennita A
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, SRM Medical College Hospital & Research Centre, Kattankulathur, IND
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Crosby BJ, Newton RU, Galvão DA, Taaffe DR, Lopez P, Meniawy TM, Khattak MA, Lam WS, Gray ES, Singh F. Feasibility of supervised telehealth exercise for patients with advanced melanoma receiving checkpoint inhibitor therapy. Cancer Med 2023. [PMID: 37184115 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.6091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the feasibility, safety and preliminary efficacy of a telehealth supervised exercise programme in patients with advanced melanoma receiving checkpoint inhibitor therapy. METHODS A 8-week non-randomised feasibility pilot trial utilising a telehealth delivered multimodal exercise programme undertaken thrice weekly with assessments at baseline and post-intervention. The study was considered feasible if there were no severe or life-threatening adverse events as a result of exercise, and three or more of the following criteria were met: the recruitment rate was >50%, completion rate was >80%, median programme attendance was >75%, median exercise compliance >75%, and average tolerance was >70%. Preliminary efficacy was assessed for objective measures of physical function (2-min step test, repeated chair stand test, 30-s push-up test, and a modified static balance test) and quality of life (QoL), fatigue and other patient-reported outcomes were assessed using the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire Core 30. RESULTS Eleven patients (32-80 years) were included in the study (6 female, 5 male). The recruitment rate was 48%, completion rate 91%, programme attendance 88%, median exercise compliance 82.1% and 84.9% for resistance and aerobic exercise, respectively, and tolerance 88%, with no severe or life-threatening adverse events as a result of exercise. In terms of preliminary efficacy, physical function significantly improved while QoL was maintained following the intervention. CONCLUSION An 8-week telehealth exercise intervention is feasible and safe for patients with advanced melanoma and appears to improve physical function while preserving QoL during checkpoint inhibitor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan J Crosby
- Exercise Medicine Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Robert U Newton
- Exercise Medicine Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, University of Queensland, Saint Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Daniel A Galvão
- Exercise Medicine Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Dennis R Taaffe
- Exercise Medicine Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Pedro Lopez
- Exercise Medicine Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
- Pleural Medicine Unit, Institute for Respiratory Health, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Tarek M Meniawy
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Muhammad A Khattak
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
- Centre for Precision Health, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Wei-Sen Lam
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Elin S Gray
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
- Centre for Precision Health, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Favil Singh
- Exercise Medicine Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
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13
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Rozanski A. New principles, the benefits, and practices for fostering a physically active lifestyle. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 2023; 77:37-49. [PMID: 37030619 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcad.2023.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/10/2023]
Abstract
The modern environment has led to an increased risk and incidence of sedentary lifestyles. When physical activity (PA) becomes insufficient, pathophysiological pathways are invoked and the future risk for chronic diseases and premature mortality increases. As a consequence, since the 1970s governmental agencies and medical societies have published guidelines to promote PA. The 2018 Guidelines for Physical Activity for Americans contain important updated guidelines, but many of these guidelines are not yet sufficiently known by the public or health providers. In addition, to make use of these guidelines, they need to be integrated with optimal behavioral interventions. Accordingly, this narrative review critically assesses five tenets that stem from the 2018 Guidelines and illustrates how these tenets can be integrated with tools and techniques for motivating individuals to initiate and maintain a more physically active lifestyle. The first tenet indicates that there is no lower threshold of PA that must be obtained before health benefits begin to accrue. Second, it is no longer required that PA be obtained in bouts of 10 min or more to "count". Bouts of lesser duration also count. Pending further study, new accelerometry data suggest that vigorous intermittent PA of just 1-2 min may also benefit health, such as that acquired by stair climbing or carrying heavy groceries. This has led to a new concept of promoting "lifestyle physical activity". Third, excessive sitting is health damaging if it is not accompanied by sufficient daily life PA or accrues over long uninterrupted bouts. Fourth, it is essential to incorporate resistance exercises for optimal health and to promote successful aging. Fifth, a wealth of new evidence indicates that PA strongly protects and promotes all aspects of brain health and may improve cognition even after a single bout of exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Rozanski
- Division of Cardiology, Mount Sinai Morningside Hospital, Mount Sinai Heart and the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States of America.
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Pereira R, Krustrup P, Castagna C, Coelho E, Helge EW, Jørgensen NR, Vila-Chã C, Martins S, Guimarães JT, Magalhães J, Póvoas S. Multicomponent recreational team handball training improves global health status in postmenopausal women at long term - a randomised controlled trial. Eur J Sport Sci 2023:1-11. [PMID: 36861455 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2023.2184725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACTWe studied the long-term effects of a multicomponent exercise training protocol (recreational team handball training, RTH) on global health status in inactive postmenopausal women. Participants (n = 45; age 65 ± 6 years, stature 157 ± 6 cm, body mass 66.2 ± 9.4 kg, fat mass 41.4 ± 5.5%, VO2peak 25.7 ± 3.6 mL/min/kg) were randomized into a control group (CG; n = 14) and a multicomponent exercise training group (EXG; n = 31, performing 2-3 weekly 60-min RTH sessions). Attendance was 2.0 ± 0.4 sessions/week (first 16 weeks) and 1.4 ± 0.5 (following 20 weeks) and mean heart rate (HR) loading was 77 and 79% of maximal HR (p = 0.002) for the first 16 and the following 20 weeks, respectively. Cardiovascular, bone, metabolic health, body composition and physical fitness markers were evaluated at baseline, and after 16 and 36 weeks. An interaction (p ≤ 0.046) was shown for the 2-h oral glucose tolerance test, HDL, Yo-Yo intermittent endurance level 1 test (YYIE1) and knee strength, in favour of EXG. At 36 weeks YYIE1 and knee strength were higher (p ≤ 0.038) for EXG vs CG. Also, within-group improvements (p ≤ 0.043) were observed after 36 weeks for EXG in VO2peak, lumbar spine bone mineral density, lumbar spine bone mineral content, P1NP, osteocalcin, total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, body mass, android fat mass, YYIE1, knee strength, handgrip strength and postural balance. At 36 comparatively to 16 weeks, EXG showed an increase (p ≤ 0.036) in fasting blood glucose, HDL, knee strength and handgrip strength, and a decrease (p ≤ 0.025) in LDL. Collectively, this multicomponent exercise training (RTH) induces beneficial changes in global health status in postmenopausal women. ClinicalTrials.gov ID:NCT05292261.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Pereira
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Exercise (LaMetEx), Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,University of Maia, ISMAI, Maia, Portugal
| | - Peter Krustrup
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, SDU Sport and Health Sciences Cluster (SHSC), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Danish Institute for Advanced Study (DIAS), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Sport and Health Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK.,Shanghai University of Sport (SUS), Shanghai, China
| | - Carlo Castagna
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, SDU Sport and Health Sciences Cluster (SHSC), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,University of Roma Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Eva Wulff Helge
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports (NEXS), University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Niklas Rye Jørgensen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Carolina Vila-Chã
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), University of Maia, ISMAI, Maia, Portugal.,Polytechnic Institute of Guarda, Guarda, Portugal
| | - Sandra Martins
- Department of Clinical Pathology, São João University Hospital Centre and EPI Unit, Public Health Institute, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - João Tiago Guimarães
- Department of Clinical Pathology, São João University Hospital Centre and EPI Unit, Public Health Institute, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - José Magalhães
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Exercise (LaMetEx), Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Susana Póvoas
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, SDU Sport and Health Sciences Cluster (SHSC), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), University of Maia, ISMAI, Maia, Portugal
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15
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Prospective Predictors of Blood Pressure Among African American Men Living with HIV. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2023; 10:168-175. [PMID: 35048309 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-021-01207-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Little is known about the predictors of blood pressure (BP) among African American men living with HIV. We examined whether age and body mass index (BMI) are associated with higher blood pressure (BP) and whether being married and muscular endurance are associated with lower BP among African American men living with HIV. Second, we examined whether being married moderated the effects of the other predictors on BP. Finally, we examined whether BMI mediated the relationship between muscular endurance and BP. This article is a prospective secondary analysis of data from a randomized controlled trial of a health-promotion intervention for African American men living with HIV. We measured the participants' BP pre-intervention and three, six, and 12 months post-intervention. Generalized estimating equations linear regression analyses examined whether marital status, age, BMI, and muscular endurance predicted BP post-intervention, adjusting for pre-intervention BP and the intervention. Older age, higher BMI, and lower muscular endurance predicted higher BP post-intervention, adjusting for the intervention and baseline BP. Although marital status did not predict post-intervention BP, it moderated the negative effect of higher BMI. The positive relation of BMI to BP was weaker among married men than unmarried men. Muscular endurance had an indirect impact on BP mediated through BMI. Public health efforts targeting older African American men with HIV should focus on increasing muscular endurance in this population to lower BMI as a strategy to reduce cardiovascular disease risk in this population.
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Solera-Sanchez A, Adelantado-Renau M, Moliner-Urdiales D, Beltran-Valls MR. Individual and combined impact of physical fitness on health-related quality of life during adolescence: DADOS Study. Eur J Sport Sci 2023; 23:294-300. [PMID: 34842042 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2021.2012596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to investigate the individual and combined impact of physical fitness components at baseline on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) at 24-month follow-up in adolescents. This longitudinal research included 199 adolescents (13.9 ± 0.3 years at baseline) from the DADOS study. Cardiorespiratory fitness was assessed using the 20-m shuttle run test. Muscular strength was assessed using the standing broad jump test. Motor competence was assessed using the 4 × 10-m shuttle run test. A physical fitness z-score was calculated as the mean of the z-scores values of each fitness test. A fitness index ranging from 0 to 3 was created according to the number of physical fitness components in which participants achieved high levels according to normative values. HRQoL was evaluated by the KIDSCREEN-10 questionnaire. Linear regression analyses showed that cardiorespiratory fitness, muscular strength, and the physical fitness z-score at baseline were individually associated with HRQoL at follow-up (β ranging from 0.123 to 0.183; all p < 0.05). Moreover, logistic regression analysis revealed that adolescents with a fitness index ≥1 at baseline were more likely to achieve high HRQoL at 24-month follow-up, compared with their peers with an index of 0 (OR ranging from 3.554 to 9.087; all p < 0.05). Our results revealed an individual and cumulative positive impact of physical fitness at baseline on HRQoL at 24-month follow-up. These findings underline the key role of promoting the enhancement of overall physical fitness components in order to improve adolescents' health and well-being.Highlights Adolescents with high levels of cardiorespiratory fitness, muscular strength and motor competence will benefit from a greater physical and mental well-being over the time.The more physical fitness components with optimal levels, the greater likelihood of reaching better HRQoL over the time.Public health authorities should focus on the promotion of multiple physical fitness components to increase adolescent's likelihood of achieving greater HRQoL over the time.
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López-Bueno R, Andersen LL, Koyanagi A, Núñez-Cortés R, Calatayud J, Casaña J, Del Pozo Cruz B. Thresholds of handgrip strength for all-cause, cancer, and cardiovascular mortality: A systematic review with dose-response meta-analysis. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 82:101778. [PMID: 36332759 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While handgrip strength is associated with all-cause and cause-specific mortality, whether such associations are dose-dependent is largely unknown. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review on the dose-response relationship of handgrip strength with all-cause mortality, cancer, and cardiovascular mortality. METHODS The data source included three electronic databases (PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science and Scopus) from inception to 8 February 2022. Prospective cohort studies of healthy adults with objective measures of handgrip strength were included. Two researchers independently screened studies, extracted data, and assessed risk of bias. We used estimates regarding handgrip strength categories to conduct a random forest model, and a two-stage random-effects hierarchical meta-regression model pooling study-specific estimates for dose-response relationship. Outcomes included all-cause, cancer, and cardiovascular mortality. REULTS Forty-eight studies comprising 3,135,473 participants (49.6% women, age range 35-85 years) were included. Random forest models showed a significant inverse association between handgrip strength and all-cause and cause-specific mortality. Dose-response meta-analyses showed that higher levels of handgrip strength significantly reduced the risk of all-cause mortality within 26-50 kg (Higgin´s I2 =45.7%) in a close-to-linear inverse fashion. Cancer and cardiovascular mortality displayed a trend towards a U-shaped association with a significant risk reduction between 16 and 33 kg (Higgin´s I2 =77.4%), and a close-to-linear inverse shaped and significant risk reduction ranging from 24 to 40 kg (Higgin´s I2 =79.7%) respectively. CONCLUSION There is strong evidence for an association between lower handgrip strength with higher all-cause, cancer, and cardiovascular mortality risk. The dose-response relationship of handgrip strength substantially varies depending on the cause of mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén López-Bueno
- Department of Physical Medicine and Nursing, University of Zaragoza, Spain; Exercise Intervention for Health Research Group (EXINH-RG), Department of Physiotherapy, University of Valencia, Spain; National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Ai Koyanagi
- Research and Development Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, CIBERSAM, ISCIII, ICREA, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rodrigo Núñez-Cortés
- Department of Physiotherapy, Physiotherapy in Motion Multispeciality Research Group (PTinMOTION), University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Joaquín Calatayud
- Exercise Intervention for Health Research Group (EXINH-RG), Department of Physiotherapy, University of Valencia, Spain; National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - José Casaña
- Exercise Intervention for Health Research Group (EXINH-RG), Department of Physiotherapy, University of Valencia, Spain
| | - Borja Del Pozo Cruz
- Centre for Active and Healthy Ageing, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Faculty of Education, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain; Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cádiz (INiBICA) Research Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain; Epidemiology of Physical Activity and Fitness Across the Lifespan (EPAFit) Research Group, Faculty of Education, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
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Yoshino M, Yoshino J, Smith GI, Stein RI, Bittel AJ, Bittel DC, Reeds DN, Sinacore DR, Cade WT, Patterson BW, Cho K, Patti GJ, Mittendorfer B, Klein S. Worksite-based intensive lifestyle therapy has profound cardiometabolic benefits in people with obesity and type 2 diabetes. Cell Metab 2022; 34:1431-1441.e5. [PMID: 36084645 PMCID: PMC9728552 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2022.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Lifestyle therapy (energy restriction and exercise) is the cornerstone of therapy for people with type 2 diabetes (T2D) but is difficult to implement. We conducted an 8-month randomized controlled trial in persons with obesity and T2D (17 women and 1 man) to determine the therapeutic effects and potential mechanisms of intensive lifestyle therapy on cardiometabolic function. Intensive lifestyle therapy was conducted at the worksite to enhance compliance and resulted in marked (17%) weight loss and beneficial changes in body fat mass, intrahepatic triglyceride content, cardiorespiratory fitness, muscle strength, glycemic control, β cell function, and multi-organ insulin sensitivity, which were associated with changes in muscle NAD+ biosynthesis, sirtuin signaling, and mitochondrial function and in adipose tissue remodeling. These findings demonstrate that intensive lifestyle therapy provided at the worksite has profound therapeutic clinical and physiological effects in people with T2D, which are likely mediated by specific alterations in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihoko Yoshino
- Center for Human Nutrition, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jun Yoshino
- Center for Human Nutrition, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Gordon I Smith
- Center for Human Nutrition, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Richard I Stein
- Center for Human Nutrition, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Adam J Bittel
- Program in Physical Therapy, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Daniel C Bittel
- Program in Physical Therapy, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Dominic N Reeds
- Center for Human Nutrition, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - David R Sinacore
- Program in Physical Therapy, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA; Department of Physical Therapy, High Point University, High Point, NC, USA
| | - W Todd Cade
- Program in Physical Therapy, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Bruce W Patterson
- Center for Human Nutrition, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Kevin Cho
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Gary J Patti
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Bettina Mittendorfer
- Center for Human Nutrition, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Samuel Klein
- Center for Human Nutrition, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA; Sansum Diabetes Research Institute, Santa Barbara, CA, USA.
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19
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Sui X, Sarzynski MA, Gribben N, Zhang J, Lavie CJ. Cardiorespiratory Fitness and the Risk of All-Cause, Cardiovascular and Cancer Mortality in Men with Hypercholesterolemia. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11175211. [PMID: 36079141 PMCID: PMC9457072 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11175211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Whether higher cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) confers protection against cardiovascular disease (CVD) in individuals with manifest hypercholesterolemia is poorly understood. Methods: Participants were 8920 men aged 20−82 years with hypercholesterolemia but no history of CVD and/or cancer and who received a preventive examination at the Cooper Clinic in Dallas, TX, USA, during 1974−2001. CRF was quantified as maximal treadmill test duration and was grouped for analysis as low, moderate, or high based on the traditional Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study cutpoints. Using Cox regression analyses, we computed hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals for risk of mortality based on CRF. Results: During an average of 17 years of follow-up, 329 CVD and 290 cancer deaths occurred. After control for baseline age, examination year, body mass index, total cholesterol, smoking, alcohol intake, physical activity, hypertension, diabetes, and parental history of CVD, hazard ratios (95% confidence interval) for CVD deaths across moderate and high categories of CRF (with low fit as referent) were: 0.66 (0.50−0.87) and 0.55 (0.39−0.79), respectively. There was an inverse association between CRF and CVD death among normal-weight (trend p < 0.0001), younger (<60 y, trend p = 0.01), and inactive men (trend p = 0.002). However, no significant association was found between CRF and cancer mortality. Conclusions: Among men with hypercholesterolemia, higher CRF was associated with a lower risk of dying from CVD independent of other clinical risk factors. Our findings underscored the importance of promoting CRF in the primary prevention of CVD in patients with hypercholesterolemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Sui
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-803-777-3881; Fax: +1-803-777-2504
| | - Mark A. Sarzynski
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Nicole Gribben
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Jiajia Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Carl J. Lavie
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, John Ochsner Heart and Vascular Institute, Ochsner Clinical School, University of Queensland School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70121, USA
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20
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Baioccato V, Quinto G, Rovai S, Conte F, Dassie F, Neunhäeuserer D, Vecchiato M, Palermi S, Gasperetti A, Bullo V, Camozzi V, Vettor R, Ermolao A, Mioni R. Do Androgenic Pattern, Insulin State and Growth Hormone Affect Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Strength in Young Women with PCOS? Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10092176. [PMID: 36140277 PMCID: PMC9496105 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10092176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and strength level were assessed in women with and without polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), matched for age, body composition, androgenic pattern and insulinemic pattern. Patients with and without PCOS were evaluated at the Endocrinology Unit and Sport Medicine Division to assess endocrinological (insulinemic, androgenic pattern and growth hormone), anthropometric (with DEXA) and functional parameters (with cardiopulmonary exercise test and handgrip test), as well as physical activity level (with the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire). A total of 31 patients with PCOS and 13 controls were included. No statistically significant differences were found between groups in terms of age, body mass index, body composition, androgenic pattern, insulin state, growth hormone and physical activity level. The PCOS group demonstrated significantly better cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2max per kg (30.9 ± 7.6 vs. 24.8 ± 4.1 mL/kg/min; p = 0.010), VO2max per kg of fat-free mass (52.4 ± 8.9 vs. 45.3 ± 6.2 mL/kg/min; p = 0.018)), strength levels (handgrip per kg (0.36 ± 0.09 vs. 0.30 ± 0.08; p = 0.009), handgrip per kg of fat-free mass (13.03 ± 2.32 vs. 11.50 ± 1.91; p = 0.001)) and exercise capacity (METs at test (14.4 ± 2.72 vs. 12.5 ± 1.72 METs; p = 0.019)). In this study, women with PCOS showed a better cardiorespiratory fitness and strength than the control group. The only determinant that could explain the differences observed seems to be the presence of the syndrome itself. These results suggest that PCOS per se does not limit exercise capacity and does not exclude good functional capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Baioccato
- Sport and Exercise Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Padova University Hospital, Regional Centre for Exercise Prescription in Chronic Diseases, 35128 Veneto, Italy
- Correspondence: (V.B.); (G.Q.); (M.V.)
| | - Giulia Quinto
- Sport and Exercise Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Padova University Hospital, Regional Centre for Exercise Prescription in Chronic Diseases, 35128 Veneto, Italy
- Correspondence: (V.B.); (G.Q.); (M.V.)
| | - Sara Rovai
- Sport and Exercise Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Padova University Hospital, Regional Centre for Exercise Prescription in Chronic Diseases, 35128 Veneto, Italy
| | - Francesca Conte
- Sport and Exercise Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Padova University Hospital, Regional Centre for Exercise Prescription in Chronic Diseases, 35128 Veneto, Italy
| | - Francesca Dassie
- Department of Medicine, Clinica Medica 3, Azienda Ospedaliera Padova, University of Padova, 35122 Padova, Italy
| | - Daniel Neunhäeuserer
- Sport and Exercise Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Padova University Hospital, Regional Centre for Exercise Prescription in Chronic Diseases, 35128 Veneto, Italy
| | - Marco Vecchiato
- Sport and Exercise Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Padova University Hospital, Regional Centre for Exercise Prescription in Chronic Diseases, 35128 Veneto, Italy
- Correspondence: (V.B.); (G.Q.); (M.V.)
| | - Stefano Palermi
- Public Health Department, University of Naples Federico II, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Andrea Gasperetti
- Sport and Exercise Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Padova University Hospital, Regional Centre for Exercise Prescription in Chronic Diseases, 35128 Veneto, Italy
| | - Valentina Bullo
- Sport and Exercise Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Padova University Hospital, Regional Centre for Exercise Prescription in Chronic Diseases, 35128 Veneto, Italy
| | - Valentina Camozzi
- Endocrinology Division, Department of Medicine, Padova University Hospital, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Roberto Vettor
- Department of Medicine, Clinica Medica 3, Azienda Ospedaliera Padova, University of Padova, 35122 Padova, Italy
| | - Andrea Ermolao
- Sport and Exercise Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Padova University Hospital, Regional Centre for Exercise Prescription in Chronic Diseases, 35128 Veneto, Italy
| | - Roberto Mioni
- Department of Medicine, Clinica Medica 3, Azienda Ospedaliera Padova, University of Padova, 35122 Padova, Italy
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21
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Handgrip strength measurement protocols for all-cause and cause-specific mortality outcomes in more than 3 million participants: A systematic review and meta-regression analysis. Clin Nutr 2022; 41:2473-2489. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2022.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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22
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Schnurr TM, Katz SF, Justesen JM, O'Sullivan JW, Saliba-Gustafsson P, Assimes TL, Carcamo-Orive I, Ahmed A, Ashley EA, Hansen T, Knowles JW. Interactions of physical activity, muscular fitness, adiposity, and genetic risk for NAFLD. Hepatol Commun 2022; 6:1516-1526. [PMID: 35293152 PMCID: PMC9234625 DOI: 10.1002/hep4.1932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic predisposition and unhealthy lifestyle are risk factors for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We investigated whether the genetic risk of NAFLD is modified by physical activity, muscular fitness, and/or adiposity. In up to 242,524 UK Biobank participants without excessive alcohol intake or known liver disease, we examined cross-sectional interactions and joint associations of physical activity, muscular fitness, body mass index (BMI), and a genetic risk score (GRS) with alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels and the proxy definition for suspected NAFLD of ALT levels > 30 U/L in women and >40 U/L in men. Genetic predisposition to NAFLD was quantified using a GRS consisting of 68 loci known to be associated with chronically elevated ALT. Physical activity was assessed using accelerometry, and muscular fitness was estimated by measuring handgrip strength. We found that increased physical activity and grip strength modestly attenuate genetic predisposition to elevation in ALT levels, whereas higher BMI markedly amplifies it (all p values < 0.001). Among those with normal weight and high level of physical activity, the odds of suspected NAFLD were 1.6-fold higher in those with high versus low genetic risk (reference group). In those with high genetic risk, the odds of suspected NAFLD were 12-fold higher in obese participants with low physical activity versus those with normal weight and high physical activity (odds ratio for NAFLD = 19.2 and 1.6, respectively, vs. reference group). Conclusion: In individuals with high genetic predisposition for NAFLD, maintaining a normal body weight and increased physical activity may reduce the risk of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresia M Schnurr
- Department of MedicineDivision of Cardiovascular Medicine and Cardiovascular InstituteStanford UniversityStanfordCaliforniaUSA.,Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic ResearchUniversity of CopenhagenKobenhavnDenmark
| | - Sophia Figueroa Katz
- Department of MedicineDivision of Cardiovascular Medicine and Cardiovascular InstituteStanford UniversityStanfordCaliforniaUSA.,Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Johanne M Justesen
- Department of MedicineDivision of Cardiovascular Medicine and Cardiovascular InstituteStanford UniversityStanfordCaliforniaUSA.,Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic ResearchUniversity of CopenhagenKobenhavnDenmark
| | - Jack W O'Sullivan
- Department of MedicineDivision of Cardiovascular Medicine and Cardiovascular InstituteStanford UniversityStanfordCaliforniaUSA
| | - Peter Saliba-Gustafsson
- Department of MedicineDivision of Cardiovascular Medicine and Cardiovascular InstituteStanford UniversityStanfordCaliforniaUSA.,Cardiovascular Medicine UnitDepartment of MedicineCenter for Molecular Medicine at BioClinicumKarolinska University HospitalKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Themistocles L Assimes
- Department of MedicineDivision of Cardiovascular Medicine and Cardiovascular InstituteStanford UniversityStanfordCaliforniaUSA.,VA Palo Alto Health Care SystemPalo AltoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Ivan Carcamo-Orive
- Department of MedicineDivision of Cardiovascular Medicine and Cardiovascular InstituteStanford UniversityStanfordCaliforniaUSA.,Stanford Diabetes Research CenterStanfordCaliforniaUSA
| | - Aijaz Ahmed
- Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCaliforniaUSA
| | - Euan A Ashley
- Department of MedicineDivision of Cardiovascular Medicine and Cardiovascular InstituteStanford UniversityStanfordCaliforniaUSA.,Department of GeneticsStanford UniversityStanfordCaliforniaUSA.,Department of Biomedical Data ScienceStanford UniversityStanfordCaliforniaUSA
| | - Torben Hansen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic ResearchUniversity of CopenhagenKobenhavnDenmark
| | - Joshua W Knowles
- Department of MedicineDivision of Cardiovascular Medicine and Cardiovascular InstituteStanford UniversityStanfordCaliforniaUSA.,Stanford Diabetes Research CenterStanfordCaliforniaUSA.,Stanford Prevention Research CenterStanfordCaliforniaUSA
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23
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Mang ZA, Moriarty TA, Realzola RA, Millender DJ, Wells AD, Houck JM, Bellissimo GF, Fennel ZJ, Beam JR, Mermier CM, Amorim FT, Kravitz L. A Metabolic Profile of Peripheral Heart Action Training. RESEARCH QUARTERLY FOR EXERCISE AND SPORT 2022; 93:412-422. [PMID: 34252341 DOI: 10.1080/02701367.2020.1856315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: Peripheral heart action (PHA) is a style of circuit training that alternates upper and lower body resistance exercises with minimal rest between sets. The purpose of this study was to compare the metabolic demands of PHA to traditional hypertrophy training (TRAD) and to provide between sex comparison for both types of resistance training (RT). Methods: Twenty resistance-trained individuals underwent two bouts of volume-load matched RT: PHA and TRAD. We measured oxygen uptake (VO2), heart rate (HR), blood lactate (BL) concentration, rating of perceived exertion (RPE), excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC), and duration of each session. Results: PHA elicited significantly greater %VO2max (p < .001), %HRmax (p < .001), RPE (p < .001), and EPOC (p < .001) compared to TRAD. PHA was also completed in less time (p < .001). Compared to TRAD, BL was significantly higher at mid-exercise (p < .001), post-exercise (p < .001), and 5-min post-exercise (p < .001) during PHA. There were no between-sex differences for BL at any time-point for TRAD. However, during PHA, BL was significantly higher for males at mid-exercise (p = .04), post-exercise (p = .02), and 5-min post-exercise (p = .002). No between-sex differences were detected for HR, VO2, RPE, or duration for either style of RT. Conclusions: PHA is a time-effective and metabolically demanding circuit that may lead to strength and cardiorespiratory adaptations. Males produced more BL than females during PHA, but not TRAD, suggesting that they incurred more metabolic stress during the bout of circuit training.
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24
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Pikosky MA, Cifelli CJ, Agarwal S, Fulgoni VL. Association of Dietary Protein Intake and Grip Strength Among Adults Aged 19+ Years: NHANES 2011–2014 Analysis. Front Nutr 2022; 9:873512. [PMID: 35634414 PMCID: PMC9136219 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.873512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundResearch on the role of protein in the diet has evolved beyond a focus on quantity to include the impact of its quality and distribution across meal times in an effort to optimize dietary protein recommendations.ObjectiveTo determine the association of dietary protein amount, type, and intake pattern with grip strength in adults.DesignData from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011–2014 for adults 19 + years (N = 9,214) were used with exclusions for pregnant and lactating women. Intakes of dietary total protein (TP), animal protein (AP, including dairy), plant protein (PP), and leucine (Leu) were determined using day 1 24 h dietary recall data after adjusting for the complex sample design of NHANES. Regression analyses were used to assess the association of dietary protein and leucine intake quartiles, and whether consuming > 20 g of dietary protein at one or more meals was related to grip strength with adjustment for age, gender, and ethnicity.ResultsMean intake of TP among adults aged 19 + years was 83.6 ± 0.5 g/day, and 2/3rd of this was from animal sources (including dairy). Grip strength increased (p < 0.05) with increasing quartiles of TP, AP, PP, and leucine among all adults 19 + years (β = 1.340.19, 1.27 ± 0.19, 0.76 ± 0.20, and 1.33 ± 0.23, respectively), 19–50 years (β = 1.14 ± 0.27, 1.06 ± 0.25, 0.77 ± 0.30, and 1.18 ± 0.27, respectively), and 51 + years (β = 0.95 ± 0.26, 1.08 ± 0.27, and 1.05 ± 0.27, respectively, for TP, AP, and Leu); however, the increase was more pronounced for AP than PP. Grip strength also increased (p < 0.05) with increasing the number of meal occasions containing > 20 g of dietary protein (β = 1.50 ± 0.20, 1.41 ± 0.25, and 0.91 ± 0.37 for 19+, 19–50, and 51 + years, respectively), and significant increases were detected for two meals compared to zero meals.ConclusionDietary protein quantity, quality, and distribution should be considered collectively when looking to optimize protein intake to support muscle strength and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A. Pikosky
- National Dairy Council, Rosemont, IL, United States
- *Correspondence: Matthew A. Pikosky,
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25
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Kim SW, Park HY, Jung H, Lim K. Development of Functional Fitness Prediction Equation in Korean Older Adults: The National Fitness Award 2015–2019. Front Physiol 2022; 13:896093. [PMID: 35620610 PMCID: PMC9127254 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.896093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The main advantage of measuring functional fitness (FF) in older adults is that individual tests can estimate and track the rate of decline with age. This study aimed to develop a multiple linear regression model for predicting FF variables using easy-to-measure independent variables (e.g., sex, age, body mass index, and percent body fat) in Korean older adults. National Fitness Award datasets from the Republic of Korea were used in this analysis. The participants were aged ≥65 years and included 61,465 older men and 117,395 older women. The FF variables included the hand grip strength, lower body strength (30-s chair stand), lower body flexibility (chair sit-and-reach), coordination (figure of 8 walk), agility/dynamic balance (timed up-and-go), and aerobic endurance (2-min step test). An estimation multiple linear regression model was developed using a stepwise technique. In the regression model, the coefficient of determination in the hand grip strength test (adjusted R2 = 0.773, p < 0.001) was significantly high. However, the coefficient of determination in the 30-s chair stand (adjusted R2 = 0.296, p < 0.001), chair sit-and-reach (adjusted R2 = 0.435, p < 0.001), figure of 8 walk (adjusted R2 = 0.390, p < 0.001), timed up-and-go (adjusted R2 = 0.384, p < 0.001), and 2-min step tests (adjusted R2 = 0.196, p < 0.001) was significantly low to moderate. Our findings suggest that easy-to-measure independent variables can predict the hand grip strength in older adults. In future studies, explanatory power will be further improved if multiple linear regression analysis, including the physical activity level and nutritional status of older adults, is performed to predict the FF variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Woo Kim
- Physical Activity and Performance Institute, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Sports Medicine and Science, Graduate School, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hun-Young Park
- Physical Activity and Performance Institute, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Sports Medicine and Science, Graduate School, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hoeryong Jung
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kiwon Lim
- Physical Activity and Performance Institute, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Sports Medicine and Science, Graduate School, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Physical Education, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Kiwon Lim,
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26
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Affective Responses to Repeated Endurance Training Sessions with Different Intensities: A Randomized Trial. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXERCISE SCIENCE 2022; 15:152-165. [PMID: 36896452 PMCID: PMC9987431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
The purpose was to examine differences in affective responses to repeated sessions of endurance training with different intensities in healthy adults. Thirty young, healthy, and recreationally physically active adults (50% women, age 24.4 ± 6.0 years, VO2max 48.6 ± 7.4 ml-1·kg-1·min-1, BMI 23.5 ± 2.4 kg·m2) performed a VO2max test. They were randomized to four sessions of either high intensity sprint interval training (SPRINT, n=10, 5 · 30-sec at >95 of HRpeak, 4-min recovery between intervals), high intensity aerobic interval training (HAIT, n=10, 4 · 4-min at ~90% of HRpeak, 4-min recovery between intervals) or moderate intensity continuous training (MIT, n=10, 50-min at ~75% HRpeak). Assessment during and after each session included HR, La-, Borg ratings of perceived exertion (RPE), affective state (positive/negative), valence (pleasure/displeasure), arousal (calmness/excitement), tension, irritation, pain, exhaustion, satisfaction, and motivation. HR, La- and Borg RPE were higher in SPRINT and HAIT compared to MIT (p < 0.001), no differences between SPRINT and HAIT. Displeasure and arousal were greater in SPRINT compared to HAIT (p < 0.05) and MIT (p < 0.001). Within each session, between-group effects showed that SPRINT differed from HAIT and MIT on valence (p < 0.01) and arousal (p < 0.01), and MIT differed from HAIT and SPRINT on La- (p < 0.001) and HR (p < 0.001). In conclusion, repeated sessions of HAIT produced similar physiological responses as SPRINT, and similar affective responses as MIT.
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27
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Hanscombe KB, Persyn E, Traylor M, Glanville KP, Hamer M, Coleman JRI, Lewis CM. The genetic case for cardiorespiratory fitness as a clinical vital sign and the routine prescription of physical activity in healthcare. Genome Med 2021; 13:180. [PMID: 34753499 PMCID: PMC8579601 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-021-00994-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and physical activity (PA) are well-established predictors of morbidity and all-cause mortality. However, CRF is not routinely measured and PA not routinely prescribed as part of standard healthcare. The American Heart Association (AHA) recently presented a scientific case for the inclusion of CRF as a clinical vital sign based on epidemiological and clinical observation. Here, we leverage genetic data in the UK Biobank (UKB) to strengthen the case for CRF as a vital sign and make a case for the prescription of PA. METHODS We derived two CRF measures from the heart rate data collected during a submaximal cycle ramp test: CRF-vo2max, an estimate of the participants' maximum volume of oxygen uptake, per kilogram of body weight, per minute; and CRF-slope, an estimate of the rate of increase of heart rate during exercise. Average PA over a 7-day period was derived from a wrist-worn activity tracker. After quality control, 70,783 participants had data on the two derived CRF measures, and 89,683 had PA data. We performed genome-wide association study (GWAS) analyses by sex, and post-GWAS techniques to understand genetic architecture of the traits and prioritise functional genes for follow-up. RESULTS We found strong evidence that genetic variants associated with CRF and PA influenced genetic expression in a relatively small set of genes in the heart, artery, lung, skeletal muscle and adipose tissue. These functionally relevant genes were enriched among genes known to be associated with coronary artery disease (CAD), type 2 diabetes (T2D) and Alzheimer's disease (three of the top 10 causes of death in high-income countries) as well as Parkinson's disease, pulmonary fibrosis, and blood pressure, heart rate, and respiratory phenotypes. Genetic variation associated with lower CRF and PA was also correlated with several disease risk factors (including greater body mass index, body fat and multiple obesity phenotypes); a typical T2D profile (including higher insulin resistance, higher fasting glucose, impaired beta-cell function, hyperglycaemia, hypertriglyceridemia); increased risk for CAD and T2D; and a shorter lifespan. CONCLUSIONS Genetics supports three decades of evidence for the inclusion of CRF as a clinical vital sign. Given the genetic, clinical and epidemiological evidence linking CRF and PA to increased morbidity and mortality, regular measurement of CRF as a marker of health and routine prescription of PA could be a prudent strategy to support public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken B Hanscombe
- Department of Medical & Molecular Genetics, King's College London, London, UK. .,Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, King's College London, London, UK.
| | - Elodie Persyn
- Department of Medical & Molecular Genetics, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | - Kylie P Glanville
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Mark Hamer
- Institute of Sport Exercise & Health, Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jonathan R I Coleman
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Cathryn M Lewis
- Department of Medical & Molecular Genetics, King's College London, London, UK.,Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, King's College London, London, UK
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Markus MRP, Ittermann T, Kim S, Schipf S, Siewert-Markus U, Santana CC, Buchmann N, Völzke H, Bülow R, Felix SB, Bahls M, Steinhagen-Thiessen E, Dörr M. Lower muscular strength is associated with smaller left and right chambers and lower cardiac mass in the general population - The Sedentary's Heart. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 2021; 68:36-51. [PMID: 34562438 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcad.2021.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cardiac muscle has the ability to adapt to different loading conditions. We analyzed the associations of the age-related decreasing handgrip strength (HGS), a marker of muscular fitness, on cardiac structure and function in a community-based sample. METHODS We performed cross-sectional analyses of 4646 subjects (2554 women; 55.0%) aged 20 to 93 years from two independent cohorts of the Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP-2 and SHIP-TREND-0). We analyzed the associations of HGS with structural and functional left and right ventricular (LV and RV) and left atrial (LA) parameters as determined by echocardiography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as well with log-transformed NT-proBNP values using multivariable-adjusted linear regression models. RESULTS MRI data showed that a 1 kg lower HGS was associated with a 0.40 mL (95% confidence interval: 0.26 to 0.54; p < 0.001) lower LV end-diastolic volume, a 0.011 mm (0.005 to 0.018; p = 0.001) lower LV wall-thickness, a 0.59 g (0.43 to 0.75; p < 0.001) lower LV mass, a 0.58 mL/beat (0.43 to 0.74; p < 0.001) lower LV stroke volume, a 0.03 L/min (0.02 to 0.04; p < 0.001) lower LV cardiac output, a 0.48 mL (0.27 to 0.68; p < 0.001) lower LA end-diastolic volume, and a 1.02 mL (0.71 to 1.32) lower RV end-diastolic volume. Similar findings were observed for echocardiographic parameters. Moreover, lower HGS was associated with higher echocardiographic LV diastolic stiffness and NT-proBNP levels. CONCLUSIONS In this large population-based sample, lower muscular fitness as assessed by HGS was associated with lower LV wall thickness and mass as well as with smaller chamber size, stroke volume and cardiac output of the LV, LA and RV. Moreover, HGS was inversely related to LV diastolic stiffness and NT-proBNP values. These outcomes might demonstrate the effects of an aging-related decrease in physical activity and lower muscular fitness on the heart - "the sedentary's heart".
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcello Ricardo Paulista Markus
- Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany; German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.
| | - Till Ittermann
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany; Department of Study of Health in Pomerania/Clinical-Epidemiological Research, Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Simon Kim
- Center for Hand-and Functional Microsurgery, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Sabine Schipf
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany; Department of Study of Health in Pomerania/Clinical-Epidemiological Research, Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Ulrike Siewert-Markus
- Institute for Medical Psychology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Camila Campos Santana
- Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany; Faculty of Medical Sciences of Santos, Santos, Brazil; Faculty of Medical Sciences of Santa Casa of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nikolaus Buchmann
- Department of Cardiology, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Henry Völzke
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany; Department of Study of Health in Pomerania/Clinical-Epidemiological Research, Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Robin Bülow
- Institute of Diagnostic Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Stephan Burkhard Felix
- Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany; German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Martin Bahls
- Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany; German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | | | - Marcus Dörr
- Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany; German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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Muntaner-Mas A, Sanchez-Azanza VA, Ortega FB, Vidal-Conti J, Borràs PA, Cantallops J, Palou P. The effects of a physical activity intervention based on a fatness and fitness smartphone app for University students. Health Informatics J 2021; 27:1460458220987275. [PMID: 33446036 DOI: 10.1177/1460458220987275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Since the 2012 Lancet Series on physical activity, progress regarding this topic has been negligible at global level. Thus, improving physical activity levels in specific populations through new methodologies is positioned as a priority. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of a physical activity intervention on body fatness composition, and measured and self-reported physical fitness components based on the use of a smartphone app. The investigation included 100 Spanish university students, cluster-randomized into the smartphone app intervention group or a control group (n = 35 and n = 31 respectively, after applying exclusion criteria). The physical activity intervention comprised a 9-week programme designed to promote a healthy physical activity pattern using a smartphone app. Specifically, an mHealth approach was taken containing five BCTs. The results showed that the intervention group improved their physical fitness (F = 8.1, p = .006) and reported better general scores in self-reported physical fitness (F = 7.4, p = .008) over time, in comparison to the control group. However, the intervention group did not show any changes to their fatness. Further research is needed to disentangle which BCTs are more effective to achieve physical health improvements when using physical activity apps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrià Muntaner-Mas
- Physical Activity and Sports Research Group (GICAFE), Faculty of Education, University of Balearic Islands, Balearic Islands, Spain.,PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity Research Group (PROFITH), Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Victor A Sanchez-Azanza
- Department of Applied Pedagogy and Educational Psychology, Faculty of Education, University of Balearic Islands, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - Francisco B Ortega
- PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity Research Group (PROFITH), Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Pere Palou
- Physical Activity and Sports Research Group (GICAFE), Faculty of Education, University of Balearic Islands, Balearic Islands, Spain
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30
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McLeod KA, Jones MD, Thom JM, Parmenter BJ. Resistance training and HIIT improve cardiometabolic health in high risk older adults. Int J Sports Med 2021; 43:206-218. [PMID: 34320660 DOI: 10.1055/a-1560-6183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Progressive resistance training (PRT) and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) improve cardiometabolic health in older adults. Whether combination PRT+HIIT (COMB) provides similar or additional benefit is less clear. This systematic review with meta-analysis of controlled trials examined effects of PRT, HIIT and COMB compared to non-exercise control in older adults with high cardiometabolic risk. Databases were searched until January 2021, with study quality assessed using the PEDro scale. Risk factor data was extracted and analysed using RevMan V.5.3. We analysed 422 participants from nine studies (7 PRT, n=149, 1 HIIT, n=10, 1 COMB, n=60; control n=203; mean age 68.1±1.4 years). Compared to control, exercise improved body mass index (mean difference (MD) -0.33 [-0.47, -0.20], p≤0.0001), body fat % (standardised mean difference (SMD) -0.71 [-1.34, -0.08], p=0.03), aerobic capacity (SMD 0.41 [0.05, 0.78], p=0.03), low-density lipoprotein (SMD -0.27 [-0.52, -0.01], p=0.04), and blood glucose (SMD -0.31 [-0.58, -0.05], p=0.02). Therefore, PRT, HIIT and COMB can improve cardiometabolic health in older adults with cardiometabolic risk. Further research is warranted, particularly in HIIT and COMB, to identify the optimal exercise prescription, if any, for improving older adults cardiometabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Ann McLeod
- Exercise Physiology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Matthew D Jones
- Exercise Physiology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jeanette M Thom
- Exercise Physiology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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31
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Gonzales TI, Westgate K, Strain T, Hollidge S, Jeon J, Christensen DL, Jensen J, Wareham NJ, Brage S. Cardiorespiratory fitness assessment using risk-stratified exercise testing and dose-response relationships with disease outcomes. Sci Rep 2021; 11:15315. [PMID: 34321526 PMCID: PMC8319417 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94768-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is associated with mortality and cardiovascular disease, but assessing CRF in the population is challenging. Here we develop and validate a novel framework to estimate CRF (as maximal oxygen consumption, VO2max) from heart rate response to low-risk personalised exercise tests. We apply the method to examine associations between CRF and health outcomes in the UK Biobank study, one of the world's largest and most inclusive studies of CRF, showing that risk of all-cause mortality is 8% lower (95%CI 5-11%, 2670 deaths among 79,981 participants) and cardiovascular mortality is 9% lower (95%CI 4-14%, 854 deaths) per 1-metabolic equivalent difference in CRF. Associations obtained with the novel validated CRF estimation method are stronger than those obtained using previous methodology, suggesting previous methods may have underestimated the importance of fitness for human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas I Gonzales
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Box 285, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Kate Westgate
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Box 285, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Tessa Strain
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Box 285, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Stefanie Hollidge
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Box 285, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Justin Jeon
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Box 285, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
- Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dirk L Christensen
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Box 285, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
- University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jorgen Jensen
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Box 285, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
- Department Physical Performance, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nicholas J Wareham
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Box 285, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Søren Brage
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Box 285, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK.
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32
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Wang Y, Müller J, Myers J. Association between cardiorespiratory fitness and health care costs in hypertensive men. Atherosclerosis 2021; 331:1-5. [PMID: 34252836 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2021.06.914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Hypertension increases healthcare costs, but the impact of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) on these costs is unknown. This study explored the association between healthcare costs and CRF among hypertensive and normotensive men. METHODS We studied 9794 male subjects aged 58.5 ± 11.3 years from the Palo Alto Veterans Affairs Medical Center, including 6413 with and 3381 without hypertension. CRF was classified into four age-stratified categories according to metabolic equivalents (METs) derived from exercise testing: low fit (4.6 ± 1.2 METs; n = 2481), moderate fit (6.6 ± 1.2 METs; n = 2412), fit (8.0 ± 1.3 METs; n = 2505), and high fit (10.8 ± 2.1 METs; n = 2396). Annual costs per subject were quantified over eight years. RESULTS Total annual healthcare costs were higher in subjects with hypertension ($34,794, 95% CI, 32,828 to 36,761) in comparison to non-hypertensive subjects ($30,221, 95% CI, 26,104 to 32,450) (p < 0.01). In hypertensive subjects, a graded reduction in annual healthcare costs was observed as CRF was higher; costs were $40,346 for low fit, $35,939 for moderate fit, $32,312 for fit, and $29,277 for high fit subjects (p < 0.001). For each 1-MET increase in CRF, annual costs per subject (USD) were $1752 (95% CI, -2476 to -1,027, p < 0.001) lower among those with hypertension and $1025 (95% CI, -2047 to -2, p < 0.05) lower in those without hypertension. CONCLUSIONS Higher CRF is associated with lower healthcare costs in men with and without hypertension. The impact of CRF on healthcare costs is more striking in those with hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- Institute of Preventive Pediatrics, Technische Universtaet Muenchen, Germany; Division of Cardiology, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, CA, USA; Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Jan Müller
- Institute of Preventive Pediatrics, Technische Universtaet Muenchen, Germany
| | - Jonathan Myers
- Division of Cardiology, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, CA, USA; Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
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33
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Henriksson H, Henriksson P, Tynelius P, Ekstedt M, Berglind D, Labayen I, Ruiz JR, Lavie CJ, Ortega FB. Cardiorespiratory fitness, muscular strength, and obesity in adolescence and later chronic disability due to cardiovascular disease: a cohort study of 1 million men. Eur Heart J 2021; 41:1503-1510. [PMID: 31710669 PMCID: PMC7154806 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Cardiorespiratory fitness, muscular strength, and obesity in adulthood are risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, little is known regarding the associations of these risk factors, already in adolescence, with later disability due to chronic CVD. Hence, we investigated associations of cardiorespiratory fitness, muscular strength, and body mass index (BMI) in adolescence with later chronic disability due to specific causes of CVD disability (i.e. cerebrovascular disease, ischaemic heart disease and heart failure). Methods and results This population-based cohort study included 1 078 685 male adolescents (16–19 years) from the Swedish military conscription register from 1972 to 1994. Cardiorespiratory fitness (bicycle ergometer test), muscular strength (knee extension strength), and BMI were measured during the conscription examination. Information about disability pension due to CVD was retrieved from the Social Insurance Agency during a mean follow-up of 28.4 years. Cardiorespiratory fitness was strongly and inversely associated with later risk of chronic CVD disability for all investigated causes. The association was particularly strong for ischaemic heart diseases (hazard ratio 0.11, 95% confidence interval 0.05–0.29 for highest vs. lowest fitness-quintiles). Furthermore, overweight/obesity were associated with CVD disability for all investigated causes. Conversely, associations of muscular strength with CVD disability were generally weak. Conclusions This study provides evidence for associations between low levels of cardiorespiratory fitness and obesity with later risk of chronic disability due to CVD. Preventive actions may begin at young ages and include promotion of cardiorespiratory fitness and healthy body weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Henriksson
- PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity research group (PROFITH), Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada 18071, Spain.,Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping 581 83, Sweden
| | - Pontus Henriksson
- PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity research group (PROFITH), Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada 18071, Spain.,Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping 581 83, Sweden.,Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, NOVUM, Huddinge 141 83, Sweden
| | - Per Tynelius
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden.,Centre for Epidemiology and Community Medicine, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm 113 65, Sweden
| | - Mattias Ekstedt
- Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping 581 83, Sweden
| | - Daniel Berglind
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden.,Centre for Epidemiology and Community Medicine, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm 113 65, Sweden
| | - Idoia Labayen
- Institute for Innovation & Sustainable Development in Food Chain, Public University of Navarra, Campus de Arrosadía, Tajonar 22, Pamplona 31006, Spain
| | - Jonatan R Ruiz
- PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity research group (PROFITH), Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada 18071, Spain.,Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, NOVUM, Huddinge 141 83, Sweden
| | - Carl J Lavie
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, John Ochsner Heart and Vascular Institute, Ochsner Clinical School-the University of Queensland School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70121, USA
| | - Francisco B Ortega
- PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity research group (PROFITH), Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada 18071, Spain.,Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, NOVUM, Huddinge 141 83, Sweden
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Exercise Training and Neuromuscular Parameters in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Phys Act Health 2021; 18:748-756. [PMID: 33952708 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2020-0797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study aimed to systematically review the literature on the effects of physical training on neuromuscular parameters in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). METHODS The PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, and COCHRANE databases were accessed in September 2020. Clinical trials that evaluated the effects of physical training on neuromuscular parameters (maximum strength, resistance strength, muscle power, muscle quality, and muscle thickness) of patients with T1DM compared with a control group were considered eligible. The results were presented as the standardized mean difference with 95% confidence intervals. Effect size (ES) calculations were performed using the fixed effect method, with α = .05. RESULTS Combined training increased the maximum strength levels in individuals with T1DM to a lesser extent than in healthy individuals (ES: 0.363; P = .038). Strength training increased the maximum strength (ES: 1.067; P < .001), as well as combined training (ES: 0.943; P < .001); both compared with aerobic training in patients with T1DM. Strength training increased the maximum strength in a similar magnitude to combined training in patients with T1DM (ES: -0.114; P = .624). CONCLUSION Both combined training and strength training represent effective strategies for improving the maximum strength in individuals with T1DM.
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Zhou M, Zha F, Chen Y, Liu F, Zhou J, Long J, Luo W, Huang M, Zhang S, Luo D, Li W, Wang Y. Handgrip Strength-Related Factors Affecting Health Outcomes in Young Adults: Association with Cardiorespiratory Fitness. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:6645252. [PMID: 33969122 PMCID: PMC8084643 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6645252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Handgrip strength (HS) is a risk factor of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular diseases. However, the influencing factors and mechanisms contributing to this correlation remain unclear. Therefore, we aimed to explore factors related to HS and investigated the mechanism underlying its risk predictive value. METHODS This was a prospective, cross-sectional study. One hundred forty-five participants were recruited from December 2019 to November 2020. HS was measured using a hydraulic hand dynamometer and adjusted for body mass index (HSBMI) and body surface area (HSBSA). Body composition was assessed via bioimpedance spectroscopy. Physical fitness was measured using a cardiopulmonary exercise test system. Univariate, multiple linear regression analyses and receiver operator characteristic curve (ROC) were conducted to evaluate the associations between various participant characteristics and HS. RESULTS The average participant age was 21.68 ± 2.61 years (42.8% were male). We found positive correlations between HSBMI/HSBSA and VO2max, VEmax, Loadmax, and METmax in both sexes (p < 0.05). Lean-tissue, protein, total water, and inorganic salt percentages were positively correlated, and fat percentage was negatively correlated with HSBMI in men and with HSBMI and HSBSA in women (p < 0.05). Multiple regression revealed that VO2max was independently associated with HSBSA in both sexes (β = 0.215, 0.173; 95%confidence interval [CI] = 0.032 - 0.398, 0.026-0.321; p = 0.022, 0.022, respectively) and independently associated with HSBMI in women (β = 0.016, 95%CI = 0.004 - 0.029, p = 0.011). ROC analysis showed that HSBMI and HSBSA can moderately identify normal VO2max in men (area under curve [AUC] = 0.754, 0.769; p = 0.002, 0.001, respectively) and marginally identify normal VO2max in women (AUC = 0.643, 0.635; p = 0.029, 0.042, respectively). CONCLUSIONS BMI- and BSA-adjusted HS could serve as indicators of physical health, and HSBSA may moderately reflect cardiorespiratory fitness levels in healthy young adults, particularly in males. Clinical trials registry site and number: China Clinical Trial Center (ChiCTR1900028228).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingchao Zhou
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Fubing Zha
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuan Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, Medical College, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Fang Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianjun Long
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei Luo
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Meiling Huang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Shaohua Zhang
- Shenzhen Dapeng New District Nan'ao People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Donglan Luo
- Shenzhen Dapeng New District Nan'ao People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Weihao Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yulong Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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Lopez-Lopez JP, Cohen DD, Ney-Salazar D, Martinez D, Otero J, Gomez-Arbelaez D, Camacho PA, Sanchez-Vallejo G, Arcos E, Narvaez C, Garcia H, Perez M, Molina DI, Cure C, Sotomayor A, Rico Á, Hernandez-Triana E, Duran M, Cotes F, Leong DP, Rangarajan S, Yusuf S, Lopez-Jaramillo P. The prediction of Metabolic Syndrome alterations is improved by combining waist circumference and handgrip strength measurements compared to either alone. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2021; 20:68. [PMID: 33752666 PMCID: PMC7986558 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-021-01256-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Adiposity is a major component of the metabolic syndrome (MetS), low muscle strength has also been identified as a risk factor for MetS and for cardiovascular disease. We describe the prevalence of MetS and evaluate the relationship between muscle strength, anthropometric measures of adiposity, and associations with the cluster of the components of MetS, in a middle-income country. Methods MetS was defined by the International Diabetes Federation criteria. To assess the association between anthropometric variables (waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (W/H), body mass index (BMI)), strength (handgrip/kg bodyweight (HGS/BW)) and the cluster of MetS, we created a MetS score. For each alteration (high triglycerides, low HDLc, dysglycemia, or high blood pressure) one point was conferred. To evaluate the association an index of fat:muscle and MetS score, participants were divided into 9 groups based on combinations of sex-specific tertiles of WC and HGS/BW. Results The overall prevalence of MetS in the 5,026 participants (64% women; mean age 51.2 years) was 42%. Lower HGS/BW, and higher WC, BMI, and W/H were associated with a higher MetS score. Amongst the 9 HGS/BW:WC groups, participants in the lowest tertile of HGS/BW and the highest tertile of WC had a higher MetS score (OR = 4.69 in women and OR = 8.25 in men;p < 0.01) compared to those in the highest tertile of HGS/BW and in the lowest tertile of WC. Conclusion WC was the principal risk factor for a high MetS score and an inverse association between HGS/BW and MetS score was found. Combining these anthropometric measures improved the prediction of metabolic alterations over either alone. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12933-021-01256-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose P Lopez-Lopez
- Institute Masira, Medical School, Universidad de Santander, Santander, Colombia.,Facultad de Ciencias de La Salud, Instituto de Investigaciones Masira, Universidad de Santander (UDES), Bloque G, piso 6. Bucaramanga, Santander, Colombia
| | - Daniel D Cohen
- Facultad de Ciencias de La Salud, Instituto de Investigaciones Masira, Universidad de Santander (UDES), Bloque G, piso 6. Bucaramanga, Santander, Colombia
| | - Daniela Ney-Salazar
- Institute Masira, Medical School, Universidad de Santander, Santander, Colombia
| | - Daniel Martinez
- Facultad de Ciencias de La Salud, Instituto de Investigaciones Masira, Universidad de Santander (UDES), Bloque G, piso 6. Bucaramanga, Santander, Colombia
| | - Johanna Otero
- Facultad de Ciencias de La Salud, Instituto de Investigaciones Masira, Universidad de Santander (UDES), Bloque G, piso 6. Bucaramanga, Santander, Colombia
| | - Diego Gomez-Arbelaez
- Facultad de Ciencias de La Salud, Instituto de Investigaciones Masira, Universidad de Santander (UDES), Bloque G, piso 6. Bucaramanga, Santander, Colombia
| | - Paul A Camacho
- Institute Masira, Medical School, Universidad de Santander, Santander, Colombia
| | | | | | | | | | - Maritza Perez
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Militar Nueva Granada, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Dora I Molina
- Universidad de Caldas y Médicos Internistas de Caldas, Manizales, Colombia
| | - Carlos Cure
- BIOMELAB Research Center, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | | | | | | | - Myriam Duran
- Facultad de Ciencias de La Salud, Instituto de Investigaciones Masira, Universidad de Santander (UDES), Bloque G, piso 6. Bucaramanga, Santander, Colombia
| | | | | | | | - Salim Yusuf
- PHRI, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Patricio Lopez-Jaramillo
- Institute Masira, Medical School, Universidad de Santander, Santander, Colombia. .,Facultad de Ciencias de La Salud, Instituto de Investigaciones Masira, Universidad de Santander (UDES), Bloque G, piso 6. Bucaramanga, Santander, Colombia.
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Mollinedo-Cardalda I, Rodríguez AL, Ferreira M, Cancela-Carral JM. Benefits of STRENOLD Program on Health-Related Quality of Life in Adults Aged 60 Years or Older. In Common Sport Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18063253. [PMID: 33801116 PMCID: PMC8004100 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18063253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background: The proportion of older adults is increasing worldwide and, with it, the physical inactivity common to this age group. Therefore, the promotion of active aging is a strategic factor in health policies for older people. The aim of this study was to identify the benefits and viability of the strength training program (STRENOLD) in health-related quality of life in adults over 60. Methods: A controlled experimental study was carried out with a sample of 181 people over 60 years old from different European countries belonging to the European project IN COMMON SPORTS. A pair work strength program was administered (STRENOLD) over a period of 24 months, consisting of two single sessions per week. Their health status was evaluated (EQ-5D-5L) before and after the interventions. Results: The adherence rate was over 89% and the tolerability rate over 100% in all participating countries. Significant improvements in the participants’ health were demonstrated in the areas of mobility, usual activities, pain/discomfort, and anxiety/depression. Conclusions: The regular practice of physical exercise, through the partnered STRENOLD strength program, has benefits on mobility, usual activities, pain/discomfort, and anxiety/depression, in short, health benefits for older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irimia Mollinedo-Cardalda
- Faculty of Physiotherapy, University of Vigo, 36005 Pontevedra, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-986801700
| | | | - Manuela Ferreira
- Camara Municipal of Vilanova da Cerveira, 4920 Vilanova de Cerveira, Portugal;
| | - José María Cancela-Carral
- Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur), Sergas-UVIGO, HealthyFit Research Group, Faculty of Education and Sports Science, University of Vigo, 36005 Pontevedra, Spain;
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Füzéki E, Schröder J, Carraro N, Merlo L, Reer R, Groneberg DA, Banzer W. Physical Activity during the First COVID-19-Related Lockdown in Italy. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18052511. [PMID: 33802549 PMCID: PMC7967499 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18052511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The spread of the COVID-19 virus was met by a strict lockdown in many countries around the world, with the closure of all physical activity (PA) facilities and limitations on moving around freely. The aim of the present online survey was to assess the effect of lockdown on physical activity in Italy. Physical activity was assessed using the European Health Interview Survey questionnaire. A total of 1500 datasets were analyzed. Differences between conditions were tested with a chi2-based (χ2) test for categorical variables, and with the Student’s t-test for paired data. A fixed effects binary logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify relevant predictor variables to explain the compliance with World Health Organisation (WHO) recommendations. We found a substantial decline in all physical activity measures. Mean differences in walking and cycling metabolic equivalent of task minutes per week (METmin/week), respectively, were 344.4 (95% confidence interval (95% CI): 306.6–382.2; p < 0.001) and 148.5 (95% CI: 123.6–173.5; p < 0.001). Time spent in leisure time decreased from 160.8 to 112.6 min/week (mean difference 48.2; 95% CI: 40.4–56.0; p < 0.001). Compliance with WHO recommendations decreased from 34.9% to 24.6% (chi2 (1, 3000) = 38.306, p < 0.001, V = 0.11). Logistic regression showed a reduced chance (OR 0.640, 95% CI: 0.484–0.845; p = 0.001) to comply with WHO PA recommendations under lockdown conditions. Measures to promote physical activity should be intensified to limit detrimental health effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eszter Füzéki
- Division of Preventive and Sports Medicine, Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany; (D.A.G.); (W.B.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Jan Schröder
- Department of Sports Medicine, Faculty for Psychology and Human Movement Science, Institute for Human Movement Science, University of Hamburg, Turmweg 2, 20148 Hamburg, Germany; (J.S.); (R.R.)
| | - Nicolò Carraro
- Center for Sports Medicine, Department of Prevention, ULSS2 Marca Trevigiana, 31100 Treviso, Italy; (N.C.); (L.M.)
| | - Laura Merlo
- Center for Sports Medicine, Department of Prevention, ULSS2 Marca Trevigiana, 31100 Treviso, Italy; (N.C.); (L.M.)
| | - Rüdiger Reer
- Department of Sports Medicine, Faculty for Psychology and Human Movement Science, Institute for Human Movement Science, University of Hamburg, Turmweg 2, 20148 Hamburg, Germany; (J.S.); (R.R.)
| | - David A. Groneberg
- Division of Preventive and Sports Medicine, Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany; (D.A.G.); (W.B.)
| | - Winfried Banzer
- Division of Preventive and Sports Medicine, Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany; (D.A.G.); (W.B.)
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LOPEZ PEDRO, TAAFFE DENNISR, NEWTON ROBERTU, GALVÃO DANIELA. Resistance Exercise Dosage in Men with Prostate Cancer: Systematic Review, Meta-analysis, and Meta-regression. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2021; 53:459-469. [PMID: 32890199 PMCID: PMC7886340 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000002503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Resistance exercise improves an array of treatment-related adverse effects in men with prostate cancer; however, the minimal dosage required is unknown. We systematically reviewed the resistance training effects in prostate cancer patients to determine the minimal dosage regarding the exercise components (type, duration, volume, and intensity) on body composition, physical function, muscle strength, cardiorespiratory fitness, body mass index, and prostate-specific antigen. METHODS Using PRISMA guidelines, MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science databases were searched. Eligible randomized controlled trials examined prostate cancer patients undertaking resistance-based exercise programs during or after treatment. Meta-analysis was undertaken when more than three studies were included. Associations between mean differences and exercise components were tested by univariate and multivariate meta-regression analysis. RESULTS Twenty-three articles describing 21 trials and involving 1748 prostate cancer patients were included. Exercise improved fat mass (-1% in body fat and -0.6 kg in fat mass), lean mass (~0.5 kg in lean and appendicular lean mass), functional capacity (i.e., chair rise, 400-m test, 6-m fast walk, and stair climb tests), and fitness outcomes (i.e., V̇O2peak and muscle strength) (P = 0.040-<0.001) with no change in body mass index or prostate-specific antigen (P = 0.440-0.735). Meta-regression indicated no association between exercise type, resistance training duration, weekly volume and intensity, and primary outcomes (P = 0.075-0.965). There was a significant association between exercise intensity and chest press muscle strength (favoring moderate intensity, P = 0.012), but not in other secondary outcomes. CONCLUSION In untrained older men with prostate cancer initiating an exercise program, lower volume at moderate to high intensity is as effective as higher volume resistance training for enhancing body composition, functional capacity, and muscle strength in the short term. A low exercise dosage may help reduce barriers to exercise and enhance adherence.
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Affiliation(s)
- PEDRO LOPEZ
- Exercise Medicine Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Western Australia, AUSTRALIA
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Western Australia, AUSTRALIA
| | - DENNIS R. TAAFFE
- Exercise Medicine Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Western Australia, AUSTRALIA
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Western Australia, AUSTRALIA
| | - ROBERT U. NEWTON
- Exercise Medicine Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Western Australia, AUSTRALIA
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Western Australia, AUSTRALIA
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, University of Queensland, Queensland, AUSTRALIA
| | - DANIEL A. GALVÃO
- Exercise Medicine Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Western Australia, AUSTRALIA
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Western Australia, AUSTRALIA
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Nazari G, Lu S, MacDermid JC. Quantifying physiological responses during simulated tasks among Canadian firefighters: A systematic review and meta-analysis. JOURNAL OF MILITARY, VETERAN AND FAMILY HEALTH 2021. [DOI: 10.3138/jmvfh-2019-0063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
LAY SUMMARY Firefighting involves a high level of physical exertion with tremendous demands on the heart and body. It is necessary to quantify levels of physical work exertion in firefighting to set physical fitness standards firefighters need to meet to improve performance, efficiency, and possibly decrease injury risks. Researchers need to focus on and develop exercise programs that are specific to firefighters so that they can be prepared and able to do their work safely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goris Nazari
- School of Physical Therapy, Health and Rehabilitation Science, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Steve Lu
- School of Rehabilitation Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joy C. MacDermid
- School of Physical Therapy, Health and Rehabilitation Science, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
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Cipryan L, Kutac P, Dostal T, Zimmermann M, Krajcigr M, Jandackova V, Sram R, Jandacka D, Hofmann P. Regular running in an air-polluted environment: physiological and anthropometric protocol for a prospective cohort study (Healthy Aging in Industrial Environment Study - Program 4). BMJ Open 2020; 10:e040529. [PMID: 33303450 PMCID: PMC7733192 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-040529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ambient air pollution is a global environmental problem, which causes adverse health effects and premature deaths worldwide. Although regular exercise and physical activity have evident health benefits, the influence of long-term air pollution exposure during regular outdoor running has not been definitively clarified. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This study protocol describes the physiological and anthropometric perspectives of the 'Healthy Aging in Industrial Environment' Study - Programme 4 (4HAIE). The 4HAIE research project is intended to be a single-centre, prospective, longitudinal and multidisciplinary cohort study. The presented study protocol describes the cross-sectional measurements and analyses. Overall, 1500 adult participants (age 18-65 years), runners and inactive individuals, living in a high or low air-polluted area of the Czech Republic will be recruited. We will measure and analyse biomarkers of oxidative stress and inflammation in the blood, exercise capacity (graded exercise test and spiroergometry), blood pressure, lung function (spirometry), cardiac autonomic regulation and anthropometry (body composition). ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The 4HAIE study protocol has already been approved by the Ethics Committee of the University of Ostrava (3/2018). A detailed participant information sheet will be provided to each individual prior to obtaining their written informed consent. The study poses little to no risk to participants. The findings of this study will be disseminated at regional and international conferences, in peer-reviewed journals and via social and broadcast media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Cipryan
- Department of Human Movement Science, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Kutac
- Department of Human Movement Science, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Dostal
- Department of Human Movement Science, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Matthew Zimmermann
- Department of Human Movement Science, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Krajcigr
- Department of Human Movement Science, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Vera Jandackova
- Department of Human Movement Science, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Radim Sram
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Epigenetics, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
- Centre for Epidemiological Research, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Jandacka
- Department of Human Movement Science, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Peter Hofmann
- Institute of Human Movement Science, Sport & Health, Exercise Physiology, Training & Training Therapy Research Group, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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Mohammadpour S, Ghanbari M, Shahinfar H, Gholami F, Djafarian K, Shab-Bidar S. The association between healthy lifestyle score with cardiorespiratory fitness and muscle strength. Int J Clin Pract 2020; 74:e13640. [PMID: 32748532 DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.13640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The association of individual behaviours such as diet, tobacco use, body mass index (BMI) and physical activity have been investigated separately in relevance to cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and muscle strength. The purpose of this study is to investigate the combined association of the four mentioned lifestyle factors with cardiorespiratory fitness and muscle strength. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted on 271 Iranian adults, aged 18-70 years. We developed a healthy lifestyle score (HLS) that ranged from 0 to 103 (higher score reflecting better adherence to healthier lifestyle) and included four lifestyle behavioural components (diet, physical activity, smoking and BMI). The relationship between HLS, CRF and muscle strength was determined using linear and non-linear regression analysis. RESULTS HLS score was not significantly associated with VO2max (mL/kg/min) P = .43; VO2max (L min) P = .14; VO2max (LBM) (P = .79) and mean muscle strength (MMS) (kg) (P = .11), muscle strength of right hand (MSR) (kg) (P = .10) and muscle strength of left hand (MSL) (kg) (P = .16) in the unadjusted model. After adjustment for potential confounders, we found a significant association between HLS and Vo2max (L/min), MMS (kg), MSR (kg) and MSL (kg) (P < .001 for all). Also HLS and MMS (r = .06, P = .31), MSR (r = .07, P = .25), MMS (r = .05, P = .39), VO2max (mL/kg/min) (r = .01, P = .77), VO2max (L min) (r = .05, P = .35) and VO2max (LBM) (r = .002, P = .91) have no statistically significant linear relationship. CONCLUSION Adherence to healthy lifestyle may be associated with increased CRF and muscle strength after adjusting for potential confounding variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Mohammadpour
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahtab Ghanbari
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Shahinfar
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Fateme Gholami
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Kurosh Djafarian
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Sakineh Shab-Bidar
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
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Câmara M, Browne RAV, Souto GC, Schwade D, Lucena Cabral LP, Macêdo GAD, Farias-Junior LF, Gouveia FL, Lemos TMAM, Lima KC, Duhamel TA, Oliveira-Dantas FF, Costa EC. Independent and combined associations of cardiorespiratory fitness and muscle strength with metabolic syndrome in older adults: A cross-sectional study. Exp Gerontol 2020; 135:110923. [PMID: 32171778 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2020.110923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Revised: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have shown that low cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and low muscle strength are independently associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS) in older adults. This study investigated the isolated and combined associations of low CRF and muscle strength with MetS in older adults. METHODS This cross-sectional study included 184 older adults (71% women; aged 65.6 ± 4.3 years) without a prior history of cardiovascular disease. CRF and muscle strength were assessed by the six-minute walking test and 30-s chair stand test, respectively. Results below the 25th percentile of the cohort were used to define low CRF and low muscle strength. MetS was defined according to NCEP-ATP III criteria. Poisson's regression with robust variance was used to determine the prevalence ratio (PR) for MetS. Reference group was composed by older adults with both CRF and muscle strength above 25th percentile. RESULTS Prevalence of low CRF, low muscle strength, and combined low CRF and muscle strength was 22.8%, 17.9%, and 10.9%, respectively. The prevalence of MetS was 56.5% in the full cohort. Isolated low CRF (PR 1.05, 95% CI 0.73 to 1.52; p = 0.793) and muscle strength (PR 1.09, 95% CI 0.74 to 1.61; p = 0.651) were not associated with MetS in the adjusted analysis. Combined low CRF and muscle strength was associated with MetS (PR 1.45, 95% CI 1.09 to 1.93; p = 0.011). CONCLUSIONS Older adults with combined, but not isolated, low CRF and muscle strength showed an increased risk for MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcyo Câmara
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | | | - Gabriel Costa Souto
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Daniel Schwade
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Fabíola Leite Gouveia
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | | | - Kenio Costa Lima
- Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Todd A Duhamel
- Health, Leisure & Human Performance Research Institute, Faculty of Kinesiology & Recreation Management, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada; Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Cardiac Sciences Program, St-Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, Canada
| | | | - Eduardo Caldas Costa
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil; Graduate Program in Health Science, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil; Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil.
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Zhao Y, Huang G, Chen Z, Fan X, Huang T, Liu J, Zhang Q, Shen J, Li Z, Shi Y. Four Loci Are Associated with Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Endurance Performance in Young Chinese Females. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10117. [PMID: 32572135 PMCID: PMC7723046 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67045-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and endurance performance are characterized by a complex genetic trait with high heritability. Although research has identified many physiological and environmental correlates with CRF, the genetic architecture contributing to CRF remains unclear, especially in non-athlete population. A total of 762 Chinese young female participants were recruited and an endurance run test was used to determine CRF. We used a fixed model of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for CRF. Genotyping was performed using the Affymetrix Axiom and illumina 1 M arrays. After quality control and imputation, a linear regression-based association analysis was conducted using a total of 5,149,327 variants. Four loci associated with CRF were identified to reach genome-wide significance (P < 5.0 × 10-8), which located in 15q21.3 (rs17240160, P = 1.73 × 10-9, GCOM1), 3q25.31 (rs819865, P = 8.56 × 10-9, GMPS), 21q22.3 (rs117828698, P = 9.59 × 10-9, COL18A1), and 17q24.2 (rs79806428, P = 3.85 × 10-8, PRKCA). These loci (GCOM1, GMPS, COL18A1 and PRKCA) associated with cardiorespiratory fitness and endurance performance in Chinese non-athlete young females. Our results suggest that these gene polymorphisms provide further genetic evidence for the polygenetic nature of cardiorespiratory endurance and be used as genetic biomarkers for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhao
- Physical Education Department, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Guoyuan Huang
- Pott College of Science, Engineering and Education, University of Southern Indiana, Indiana, 47712, USA
| | - Zuosong Chen
- Physical Education Department, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xiang Fan
- Physical Education Department, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Tao Huang
- Physical Education Department, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Jinsheng Liu
- School Infirmary, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Jingyi Shen
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Zhiqiang Li
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China. .,Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China. .,Biomedical Sciences Institute of Qingdao University (Qingdao Branch of SJTU Bio-X Institutes), Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China.
| | - Yongyong Shi
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China. .,Biomedical Sciences Institute of Qingdao University (Qingdao Branch of SJTU Bio-X Institutes), Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China. .,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China. .,Department of Psychiatry, First Teaching Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830046, China.
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Ikram MA, Brusselle G, Ghanbari M, Goedegebure A, Ikram MK, Kavousi M, Kieboom BCT, Klaver CCW, de Knegt RJ, Luik AI, Nijsten TEC, Peeters RP, van Rooij FJA, Stricker BH, Uitterlinden AG, Vernooij MW, Voortman T. Objectives, design and main findings until 2020 from the Rotterdam Study. Eur J Epidemiol 2020; 35:483-517. [PMID: 32367290 PMCID: PMC7250962 DOI: 10.1007/s10654-020-00640-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 291] [Impact Index Per Article: 72.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The Rotterdam Study is an ongoing prospective cohort study that started in 1990 in the city of Rotterdam, The Netherlands. The study aims to unravel etiology, preclinical course, natural history and potential targets for intervention for chronic diseases in mid-life and late-life. The study focuses on cardiovascular, endocrine, hepatic, neurological, ophthalmic, psychiatric, dermatological, otolaryngological, locomotor, and respiratory diseases. As of 2008, 14,926 subjects aged 45 years or over comprise the Rotterdam Study cohort. Since 2016, the cohort is being expanded by persons aged 40 years and over. The findings of the Rotterdam Study have been presented in over 1700 research articles and reports. This article provides an update on the rationale and design of the study. It also presents a summary of the major findings from the preceding 3 years and outlines developments for the coming period.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Arfan Ikram
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Guy Brusselle
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Mohsen Ghanbari
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - André Goedegebure
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M Kamran Ikram
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Neurology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maryam Kavousi
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Brenda C T Kieboom
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Caroline C W Klaver
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Robert J de Knegt
- Department of Gastroenterology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Annemarie I Luik
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tamar E C Nijsten
- Department of Dermatology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Robin P Peeters
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frank J A van Rooij
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bruno H Stricker
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - André G Uitterlinden
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Meike W Vernooij
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Trudy Voortman
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Laukkanen JA, Kunutsor SK, Yates T, Willeit P, Kujala UM, Khan H, Zaccardi F. Prognostic Relevance of Cardiorespiratory Fitness as Assessed by Submaximal Exercise Testing for All-Cause Mortality: A UK Biobank Prospective Study. Mayo Clin Proc 2020; 95:867-878. [PMID: 32370851 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2019.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether the inverse associations of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in the general population vary among individuals who are at different levels of pretest risk. PATIENTS AND METHODS Cardiorespiratory fitness was assessed through submaximal bicycle tests in 58,892 participants aged 40 to 69 years who completed baseline questionnaires between January 1, 2006, and December 31, 2010, in the UK Biobank Prospective Study. Participants were categorized into risk categories, which determined allocation to an individualized bicycle protocol. The groups at minimal risk (category 1), small risk (category 2), and medium risk (category 3) were tested at 50%, 35% of the predicted maximal workload, and constant level, respectively. We investigated associations of CRF with mortality across different levels of pretest risk and determined whether CRF improves risk prediction. RESULTS During a median follow-up of 5.8 years, 936 deaths occurred. Cardiorespiratory fitness was linearly associated with mortality risk. Comparing extreme fifths of CRF, the multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (95% CIs) for mortality were 0.63 (0.52-0.77), 0.54 (0.36-0.82), 0.81 (0.46-1.43), and 0.58 (0.48-0.69) in categories 1, 2, and 3 and overall population, respectively. The addition of CRF to a 5-year mortality risk score containing established risk factors was associated with a C-index change (0.0012; P=.49), integrated discrimination improvement (0.0005; P<.001), net reclassification improvement (+0.0361; P=.005), and improved goodness of fit (likelihood ratio test, P<.001). Differences in 5-year survival were more pronounced across levels of age, smoking status, and sex. CONCLUSION Cardiorespiratory fitness, assessed by submaximal exercise testing, improves mortality risk prediction beyond conventional risk factors and its prognostic relevance varies across cardiovascular risk levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jari A Laukkanen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland.
| | - Setor K Kunutsor
- National Institute for Health Research Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust and University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Musculoskeletal Research Unit, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Learning & Research Building (Level 1), Southmead Hospital, Bristol, UK
| | - Thomas Yates
- Diabetes Research Centre, Leicester General Hospital, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK; NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Peter Willeit
- Department of Neurology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Urho M Kujala
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland; Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Hassan Khan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Francesco Zaccardi
- Diabetes Research Centre, Leicester General Hospital, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
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49
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Kluttig A, Zschocke J, Haerting J, Schmermund A, Gastell S, Steindorf K, Herbolsheimer F, Hillreiner A, Jochem C, Baumeister S, Sprengeler O, Pischon T, Jaeschke L, Michels KB, Krist L, Greiser H, Schmidt G, Lieb W, Waniek S, Becher H, Jagodzinski A, Schipf S, Völzke H, Ahrens W, Günther K, Castell S, Kemmling Y, Legath N, Berger K, Keil T, Fricke J, Schulze MB, Loeffler M, Wirkner K, Kuß O, Schikowski T, Kalinowski S, Stang A, Kaaks R, Damms Machado A, Hoffmeister M, Weber B, Franzke CW, Thierry S, Peters A, Kartschmit N, Mikolajczyk R, Fischer B, Leitzmann M, Brandes M. [Measuring physical fitness in the German National Cohort-methods, quality assurance, and first descriptive results]. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz 2020; 63:312-321. [PMID: 32072217 DOI: 10.1007/s00103-020-03100-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Physical fitness is defined as an individual's ability to be physically active. The main components are cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), muscle strength, and flexibility. Regardless of physical activity level, physical fitness is an important determinant of morbidity and mortality.The aim of the current study was to describe the physical fitness assessment methodology in the German National Cohort (NAKO) and to present initial descriptive results in a subsample of the cohort.In the NAKO, hand grip strength (GS) and CRF as physical fitness components were assessed at baseline using a hand dynamometer and a submaximal bicycle ergometer test, respectively. Maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max) was estimated as a result of the bicycle ergometer test. The results of a total of 99,068 GS measurements and 3094 CRF measurements are based on a data set at halftime of the NAKO baseline survey (age 20-73 years, 47% men).Males showed higher values of physical fitness compared to women (males: GS = 47.8 kg, VO2max = 36.4 ml·min-1 · kg-1; females: GS = 29.9 kg, VO2max = 32.3 ml · min-1 · kg-1). GS declined from the age of 50 onwards, whereas VO2max levels decreased continuously between the age groups of 20-29 and ≥60 years. GS and VO2max showed a linear positive association after adjustment for body weight (males β = 0.21; females β = 0.35).These results indicate that the physical fitness measured in the NAKO are comparable to other population-based studies. Future analyses in this study will focus on examining the independent relations of GS and CRF with risk of morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Kluttig
- Institut für Medizinische Epidemiologie, Biometrie und Informatik, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Str. 8, 06112, Halle (Saale), Deutschland.
| | - Johannes Zschocke
- Institut für Medizinische Epidemiologie, Biometrie und Informatik, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Str. 8, 06112, Halle (Saale), Deutschland.,Institut für Physik, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Deutschland
| | - Johannes Haerting
- Institut für Medizinische Epidemiologie, Biometrie und Informatik, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Str. 8, 06112, Halle (Saale), Deutschland
| | | | - Sylvia Gastell
- NAKO Studienzentrum, Deutsches Institut für Ernährungsforschung, Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Deutschland
| | - Karen Steindorf
- Abteilung Bewegung, Präventionsforschung und Krebs, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Deutschland
| | - Florian Herbolsheimer
- Abteilung Bewegung, Präventionsforschung und Krebs, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Deutschland
| | - Andrea Hillreiner
- Institut für Epidemiologie und Präventivmedizin, Universität Regensburg, Regensburg, Deutschland
| | - Carmen Jochem
- Institut für Epidemiologie und Präventivmedizin, Universität Regensburg, Regensburg, Deutschland
| | - Sebastian Baumeister
- Lehrstuhl für Epidemiologie der LMU München, UNIKA-T, Augsburg, Deutschland.,Selbstständige Forschungsgruppe Klinische Epidemiologie, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt, München, Deutschland
| | - Ole Sprengeler
- BIPS, Leibniz Institut für Präventionsforschung und Epidemiologie, Bremen, Deutschland
| | - Tobias Pischon
- Forschergruppe Molekulare Epidemiologie, Max-Delbrück-Centrum für Molekulare Medizin in der Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft (MDC), Berlin, Deutschland.,Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Deutschland.,MDC/BIH Biobank, Max-Delbrück-Centrum für Molekulare Medizin in der Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft (MDC) und Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Deutschland.,Partnerstandort Berlin, Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung (DZHK), Berlin, Deutschland
| | - Lina Jaeschke
- Forschergruppe Molekulare Epidemiologie, Max-Delbrück-Centrum für Molekulare Medizin in der Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft (MDC), Berlin, Deutschland
| | - Karin B Michels
- Institut für Prävention und Tumorepidemiologie, Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Medizinische Fakultät, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, Deutschland
| | - Lilian Krist
- Institut für Sozialmedizin, Epidemiologie und Gesundheitsökonomie, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - Halina Greiser
- Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Deutschland
| | | | - Wolfgang Lieb
- Institut für Epidemiologie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, Kiel, Deutschland
| | - Sabina Waniek
- Institut für Epidemiologie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, Kiel, Deutschland
| | - Heiko Becher
- Institut für Medizinische Biometrie und Epidemiologie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Deutschland
| | - Annika Jagodzinski
- Epidemiologisches Studienzentrum, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Deutschland.,Partnerstandort Hamburg, Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung (DZHK), Hamburg, Deutschland
| | - Sabine Schipf
- Institut für Community Medicine, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Greifswald, Deutschland
| | - Henry Völzke
- Institut für Community Medicine, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Greifswald, Deutschland.,Partnerstandort Greifswald, Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung (DZHK), Greifswald, Deutschland
| | - Wolfgang Ahrens
- BIPS, Leibniz Institut für Präventionsforschung und Epidemiologie, Bremen, Deutschland.,Institut für Statistik, Fachbereich Mathematik und Informatik, Universität Bremen, Bremen, Deutschland
| | - Kathrin Günther
- BIPS, Leibniz Institut für Präventionsforschung und Epidemiologie, Bremen, Deutschland
| | - Stefanie Castell
- Helmholtz-Zentrum für Infektionsforschung (HZI), Braunschweig, Deutschland
| | - Yvonne Kemmling
- Helmholtz-Zentrum für Infektionsforschung (HZI), Braunschweig, Deutschland
| | - Nicole Legath
- Institut für Epidemiologie und Sozialmedizin, Universität Münster, Münster, Deutschland
| | - Klaus Berger
- Institut für Epidemiologie und Sozialmedizin, Universität Münster, Münster, Deutschland
| | - Thomas Keil
- Institut für Sozialmedizin, Epidemiologie und Gesundheitsökonomie, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Deutschland.,Institut für Klinische Epidemiologie und Biometrie, Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Deutschland.,Landesinstitut für Gesundheit, Bayerisches Landesamt für Gesundheit und Lebensmittelsicherheit, Bad Kissingen, Deutschland
| | - Julia Fricke
- Institut für Sozialmedizin, Epidemiologie und Gesundheitsökonomie, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - Matthias B Schulze
- Abteilung Molekulare Epidemiologie, Deutsches Institut für Ernährungsforschung, (DIfE), Nuthetal, Deutschland
| | - Markus Loeffler
- Institut für Medizinische Informatik, Statistik und Epidemiologie (IMISE), Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Deutschland
| | - Kerstin Wirkner
- LIFE - Leipziger Forschungszentrum für Zivilisationserkrankungen, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Deutschland
| | - Oliver Kuß
- Institut für Biometrie und Epidemiologie, Deutsches Diabetes-Zentrum (DDZ), Leibniz-Zentrum für Diabetes-Forschung an der Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Deutschland
| | - Tamara Schikowski
- IUF - Leibniz-Institut für umweltmedizinische Forschung, Düsseldorf, Deutschland
| | - Sonja Kalinowski
- Institut für Medizinische Informatik, Biometrie und Epidemiologie (IMIBE), Universitätsklinikum Essen, Essen, Deutschland
| | - Andreas Stang
- Institut für Medizinische Informatik, Biometrie und Epidemiologie (IMIBE), Universitätsklinikum Essen, Essen, Deutschland
| | - Rudolf Kaaks
- Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Deutschland
| | | | - Michael Hoffmeister
- Abteilung Klinische Epidemiologie und Alternsforschung, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Deutschland
| | | | - Claus-Werner Franzke
- Institut für Prävention und Tumorepidemiologie, Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Medizinische Fakultät, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, Deutschland
| | - Sigrid Thierry
- Institut für Epidemiologie, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Deutschland
| | - Anette Peters
- Institut für Epidemiologie, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Deutschland
| | - Nadja Kartschmit
- Institut für Medizinische Epidemiologie, Biometrie und Informatik, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Str. 8, 06112, Halle (Saale), Deutschland
| | - Rafael Mikolajczyk
- Institut für Medizinische Epidemiologie, Biometrie und Informatik, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Str. 8, 06112, Halle (Saale), Deutschland
| | - Beate Fischer
- Institut für Epidemiologie und Präventivmedizin, Universität Regensburg, Regensburg, Deutschland
| | - Michael Leitzmann
- Institut für Epidemiologie und Präventivmedizin, Universität Regensburg, Regensburg, Deutschland
| | - Mirko Brandes
- BIPS, Leibniz Institut für Präventionsforschung und Epidemiologie, Bremen, Deutschland
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Werneck AO, Fernandes RA, Silva DR. Understanding biological maturation and motor competence for physical activity promotion during the first years of life. Transl Pediatr 2020; 9:1-3. [PMID: 32154129 PMCID: PMC7036644 DOI: 10.21037/tp.2020.01.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- André O Werneck
- Scientific Research Group Related to Physical Activity (GICRAF), Laboratory of Investigation in Exercise (LIVE), Department of Physical Education. Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, Brazil
| | - Rômulo A Fernandes
- Scientific Research Group Related to Physical Activity (GICRAF), Laboratory of Investigation in Exercise (LIVE), Department of Physical Education. Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, Brazil
| | - Danilo R Silva
- Department of Physical Education, Universidade Federal de Sergipe - UFS, São Cristóvão, Brazil
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