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Ramarushton B, Blumenthal H, Slavish DC, Kaminski PL, Ramadan T, Lewis S. Perceived psychological control relates to coping-related drinking motives via social anxiety among adolescents: A cross-sectional mediation analysis. Alcohol 2024; 118:17-24. [PMID: 37944869 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2023.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that particular parenting behaviors (e.g., elevated psychological control) may increase risk for both problematic social anxiety and alcohol use among youth; however, no work has yet examined these factors together in a single model. Building developmentally sensitive models of problematic alcohol use trajectories is key to developing effective prevention and intervention strategies. The present study includes 94 adolescents (ages 14-17 years; 53.3% girls; 89.2% White) entering a treatment facility for a variety of internalizing and externalizing forms of psychological distress. Levels of perceived parental psychological control, social anxiety, and coping-related drinking motives were assessed. Higher levels of perceived psychological control were associated with a greater endorsement of coping-related drinking motives; however, a significant proportion of that association was accounted for by elevated social anxiety symptoms. These data extend the existing literature and lay groundwork for more sophisticated experimental and longitudinal designs to corroborate the findings. Moreover, personality-targeted drinking interventions for adolescents may benefit from identifying elevated perceived psychological control as a developmentally relevant risk factor for social anxiety and problematic drinking motives and administering relevant interventions (e.g., personality-targeted coping skills training, parent-involved care) before drinking patterns are established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Banan Ramarushton
- University of North Texas, Department of Psychology, Denton, TX, United States.
| | | | - Danica C Slavish
- University of North Texas, Department of Psychology, Denton, TX, United States
| | - Patricia L Kaminski
- University of North Texas, Department of Psychology, Denton, TX, United States
| | - Taqwa Ramadan
- University at Albany, Department of Psychology, Albany, NY, United States
| | - Sarah Lewis
- Center for Research, Assessment, and Treatment Efficacy (CReATE), Asheville, NC, United States
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Rostam-Abadi Y, Gholami J, Shadloo B, Mohammad Aghaei A, Mardaneh Jobehdar M, Ardeshir M, Sangchooli A, Amin-Esmaeili M, Taj M, Saeed K, Rahimi-Movaghar A. Alcohol use, alcohol use disorder and heavy episodic drinking in the Eastern Mediterranean region: A systematic review. Addiction 2024; 119:984-997. [PMID: 38356084 DOI: 10.1111/add.16444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AMS Despite the evident public health impact, the extent and patterns of alcohol use in the Eastern Mediterranean countries remain understudied. The latest estimation for the last 12-month use of alcohol in the region was 2.9% in 2016 by the World Health Organization. We reviewed the main indicators for alcohol consumption in the region since 2010. METHODS We systematically searched on-line databases until September 2023, together with other global and regional sources for studies on the adult general population (aged ≥ 15 years) and young general populations (aged < 18 years) and studies on the treatment-seeking individuals with substance use in Eastern Mediterranean countries. Studies were included from 22 countries: Afghanistan, Bahrain, Djibouti, Egypt, Iran, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Morocco, Oman, Pakistan, Palestine, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, Sudan, Syria, Tunisia, United Arab Emirates and Yemen. RESULTS A total of 148 were included (n = 95 on the prevalence of alcohol use, n = 46 on the prevalence of alcohol use disorder, regular use and heavy episodic drinking, n = 35 on alcohol use pattern among people who use substances and one report on alcohol per capita consumption, n = 29 had data for more than one category). The pooled prevalence of the last 12-month alcohol use in the adult general population was 9.5% [95% confidence interval (CI) = 6.4-13.7] among males, 2.8% (95% CI = 1.3-5.5\) among females and 6.2% (95% CI = 3.9-9.6) in both sexes in the region, with notable subregional variations. Data on the prevalence of alcohol use disorder and heavy drinking were limited to several countries, with heterogeneous indicators. The pooled estimate of alcohol as the primary substance of use among treatment-seeking people who used substances was 16.9% (95% CI = 8.8-26.9). CONCLUSIONS More than 30 million adults in the Eastern Mediterranean region used alcohol in the last 12 months, with a prevalence of 6.2%. This is far fewer than the global estimate of 43% of the population aged 15 years and above, but is approximately two times more than the previous estimate (2.9%), reported by the World Health Organization in 2016, which might show an increasing trend.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasna Rostam-Abadi
- Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies (INCAS) WHO Collaborating Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jaleh Gholami
- Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies (INCAS) WHO Collaborating Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behrang Shadloo
- Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies (INCAS) WHO Collaborating Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ardavan Mohammad Aghaei
- Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies (INCAS) WHO Collaborating Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maral Mardaneh Jobehdar
- Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies (INCAS) WHO Collaborating Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Ardeshir
- Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies (INCAS) WHO Collaborating Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arshiya Sangchooli
- Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies (INCAS) WHO Collaborating Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Amin-Esmaeili
- Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies (INCAS) WHO Collaborating Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Mental Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health and Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Mahshid Taj
- Mental Health and Substance Abuse Unit, Department of Non-Communicable Diseases and Mental Health, World Health Organization, Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Khalid Saeed
- Mental Health and Substance Abuse Unit, Department of Non-Communicable Diseases and Mental Health, World Health Organization, Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Afarin Rahimi-Movaghar
- Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies (INCAS) WHO Collaborating Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Cook M, MacLean S, Callinan S. Home alone: Patterns and perceptions of solitary home alcohol consumption in an Australian convenience sample. Drug Alcohol Rev 2023. [PMID: 36645079 DOI: 10.1111/dar.13600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In contrast with extensive literature exploring sociable alcohol use, few studies focus on drinking alone at home, even though the home is the place where the majority of drinking occurs. METHODS We draw on survey and interview data gathered in 2018/2019 prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, to identify prevalence and perceptions of solitary home drinking in an Australian convenience sample of heavy and light drinkers (LD). RESULTS A substantial minority of survey participants identified drinking home alone, with over a quarter of heavy drinkers (27%) reporting that they only drank alone in their own home (compared to 15% of LD). In interviews, solitary home drinking was frequently constructed as signifying personal inadequacy, heavy consumption and harm. However, tensions arose through solitary home drinking bringing pleasures, such as relaxation. It was regarded as more socially acceptable for men than women and lighter home drinking patterns were viewed more positively than heavy drinking. Perceptions of what constitutes solitary home drinking varied, with some suggesting it includes drinking with others present who are not themselves drinking, and others using a more limited definition of consuming alcohol while alone in a house. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS While strong social sanctions against it persist, solitary home drinking can reflect a lack of opportunity to drink with others and also be associated with more harmful regular patterns of alcohol use. Increasing recognition of home drinking provides a new imperative to better understand the complex stigmatisation that frames solitary home drinking and to explore opportunities to limit associated harms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Cook
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sarah MacLean
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia.,School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sarah Callinan
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
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Gohari MR, Varatharajan T, Patte KA, MacKillop J, Leatherdale ST. The intersection of internalizing symptoms and alcohol use during the COVID-19 pandemic: A prospective cohort study. Prev Med 2023; 166:107381. [PMID: 36513170 PMCID: PMC9737513 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2022.107381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Given the well-established relationship between alcohol and internalizing symptoms, potential increases in depression and anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic may lead to increases in alcohol consumption and binge drinking. This study examines this association from before to during two phases of the pandemic in a cohort of Canadian youth. We used linked data from a sub-sample of 1901 secondary school students who participated in three consecutive school years of the Cannabis use, Obesity, Mental health, Physical activity, Alcohol use, Smoking, and Sedentary behaviour (COMPASS) study between 2018/19 and 2020/21. Separate multilevel logistic regression models examined the association between depression and anxiety symptoms with odds of escalation and reduction (vs. maintenance) and initiation (vs. abstinence) of alcohol consumption. Results show that depression and anxiety symptoms significantly increased over the three years, and these changes were moderated by changes in alcohol consumption and binge drinking. Students with increased depression symptoms were less likely to reduce their alcohol consumption in the early pandemic (Adjust odds ratio [AOR] 0.94, 95% CI:0.90-0.98), more likely to initiate alcohol consumption in the ongoing pandemic period (AOR 1.03, 95% CI: 1.01-1.05), and more likely to initiate binge drinking in both periods. The depression-alcohol use association was stronger among females than males. This study demonstrates a modest association between internalizing symptoms and alcohol use, particularly for depression symptoms and in females. The identified depression-alcohol use association suggests that preventing or treating depression might be beneficial for adolescent alcohol use and vice versa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmood R Gohari
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo N2L 3G1, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Thepikaa Varatharajan
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo N2L 3G1, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Karen A Patte
- Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, Niagara Region, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines L2S 3A1, Ontario, Canada.
| | - James MacKillop
- Peter Boris Chair in Addictions Research, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University & St. Joseph's Healthcare, 100 West 5th Street, Hamilton L8P 3R2, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Scott T Leatherdale
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo N2L 3G1, Ontario, Canada.
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Ho KY, Lam KKW, Wu CST, Tong MN, Tang LN, Mak YW. Exploring Contributing Factors of Solitary Drinking among Hong Kong Chinese Adolescents and Young Adults: A Descriptive Phenomenology. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19148371. [PMID: 35886219 PMCID: PMC9316069 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19148371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Adolescents and young adults mostly drink alcohol because of social activities. However, some drink outside of normative social contexts, exhibiting a behaviour pattern known as solitary drinking. Increasing evidence indicates that solitary drinking is strongly associated with problematic drinking in adolescents and young adults. However, it remains unclear why individuals initiate and maintain this drinking habit. To address this gap in the existing literature, the current study explored the factors contributing to solitary drinking in this population. Descriptive phenomenology was used. A convenience sample of 44 solitary drinkers aged between 10 and 24 were invited to undergo individual semi-structured interviews. All interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. The data were analysed by two researchers separately using Colaizzi’s method. Using qualitative descriptions, the following factors were identified as explaining the initiation and continuation of solitary drinking among adolescents and young adults: (1) enhancement and coping drinking motives, (2) social discomfort, (3) reduced self-control, (4) automatic mental process, and (5) a desperate response to stressors. Since reduced self-control plays an important role in long-term addiction, future studies should be conducted to determine potential applications of mindfulness-based interventions to improve self-control, which may prevent the progression from solitary drinking to alcohol use disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ka-Yan Ho
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +852-27666417
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Terry-McElrath YM, O’Malley PM, Pang YC, Patrick ME. Characteristics and reasons for use associated with solitary alcohol and marijuana use among U.S. 12th Grade Students, 2015-2021. Drug Alcohol Depend 2022; 235:109448. [PMID: 35421689 PMCID: PMC9275659 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2022.109448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known regarding what sociodemographic characteristics and reasons for use are associated with adolescent solitary alcohol and marijuana use. METHODS Data from 7845 12th grade students participating in the nationally-representative Monitoring the Future study from 2015 to 2021 were used to examine cross-sectional associations between sociodemographics, heavy drinking/marijuana use, reasons for use, and past 12-month solitary alcohol or marijuana use among past 12-month users. Historical trends and possible differences related to the COVID-19 pandemic also were examined. RESULTS Solitary use prevalence increased from 2015 to 2021 with no evidence of significant COVID-19 deviations. In 2021, solitary alcohol use was reported by 32.1% (SE 3.01) and solitary marijuana use by 55.8% (4.72) of those reporting past 12-month use. Common and substance-specific sociodemographic risk factors were observed. Binge drinking was associated with solitary alcohol use; frequent marijuana use was associated with solitary marijuana use. Reasons for use related to coping with negative affect were associated with solitary use. Compulsive use reasons were more strongly associated with solitary alcohol than marijuana use. Drinking to have a good time with friends was negatively associated with solitary alcohol use but this association was not seen for solitary marijuana use. CONCLUSIONS The percentage of adolescents who use alcohol or marijuana when they were alone has increased among those who report using each substance. Associations between solitary use and (a) higher levels of consumption and (b) coping with negative affect highlight the importance of solitary use as a risk indicator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne M. Terry-McElrath
- Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, PO Box 1248, Ann Arbor, MI 48106-1248 USA
| | - Patrick M. O’Malley
- Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, PO Box 1248, Ann Arbor, MI 48106-1248 USA
| | - Yuk C. Pang
- Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, PO Box 1248, Ann Arbor, MI 48106-1248 USA
| | - Megan E. Patrick
- Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, PO Box 1248, Ann Arbor, MI 48106-1248 USA
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Longitudinal Associations between Social Relationships and Alcohol Use from Adolescence into Young Adulthood: The Role of Religiousness. J Youth Adolesc 2022; 51:1798-1814. [PMID: 35596906 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-022-01632-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
As adolescence is a time characterized by rapid changes in social relationships as well as an increase in risk-taking behaviors, this prospective longitudinal study examined whether social involvement and social alienation are associated with changes in alcohol use from adolescence into young adulthood moderated by organizational and personal religiousness. Participants were 167 adolescents (53% male) assessed five times between ages 14 and 18 years old. Latent change score modeling analyses indicated that social alienation was positively associated with greater increases in alcohol use among those with low organizational religiousness and those with low personal religiousness in early adolescence and during the transition into young adulthood. The findings demonstrate the detrimental effects of social relationship risk factors that promote alcohol use during adolescence into young adulthood. The results further highlight the protective roles of organizational and personal religiousness acting as additional sources of social engagement experiences to modulate the effects of social alienation predicting alcohol use progression and provide evidence for the positive impact religiousness has on healthy adolescent development.
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Spillane NS, Nalven T, Goldstein SC, Schick MR, Kirk-Provencher KT, Jamil A, Weiss NH. Assaultive trauma, alcohol use, and alcohol-related consequences among American Indian adolescents. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2022; 46:815-824. [PMID: 35342962 PMCID: PMC9117488 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND American Indian (AI) adolescents report disproportionate higher rates of alcohol use and alcohol-related consequences than adolescents from other racial/ethnic groups. Trauma exposure is also reported at high rates among AI individuals and likely confers risk for alcohol use. The purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of assaultive trauma experiences (e.g., physical assault, sexual assault) on alcohol use and alcohol-related consequences in AI adolescents. METHODS We conducted a secondary analysis of self-reported data on trauma exposure, alcohol consumption, and lifetime alcohol-related consequences provided by AI 7th to 12th graders residing on or near a reservation (n = 3498, Mage = 14.8; 49.5% female). Institutional Review Boards, tribal authorities, and school boards approved the study protocols prior to beginning data collection. RESULTS Nearly half (49.3%, n = 1498) of AI adolescents reported having experienced at least one assaultive trauma in their lifetime. Those who had experienced assaultive trauma were more likely to report lifetime alcohol use (χ2 = 111.84, p < 0.001) and experienced greater alcohol-related consequences (t(1746) = 12.21, p < 0.001) than those with no assaultive trauma exposure. Multilevel regression analyses indicated that a greater number of assaultive traumatic events was significantly associated with greater odds of lifetime alcohol use (p < 0.001, OR = 1.81, 95% CI [1.65, 2.00]) and having experienced a greater number of alcohol-related consequences (b = 0.36, SE = 0.04, t = 16.95, p < 0.001, 95% CI [0.31, 0.46]). CONCLUSIONS Findings of the present study highlight the relevance of exposure to assaultive trauma to AI adolescents' use of alcohol and experiences of alcohol-related consequences. These findings support the need for trauma-informed interventions in addressing alcohol use among AI adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nichea S Spillane
- Department of Psychology, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Tessa Nalven
- Department of Psychology, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Silvi C Goldstein
- Department of Psychology, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Melissa R Schick
- Department of Psychology, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island, USA
| | | | - Aayma Jamil
- Department of Psychology, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Nicole H Weiss
- Department of Psychology, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island, USA
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Blumenthal H, Cloutier RM, Douglas ME, Kearns NT, Carey CN. Desire to drink as a function of laboratory-induced social stress among adolescents. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry 2021; 70:101617. [PMID: 32980586 PMCID: PMC8628538 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2020.101617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Research consistently demonstrates a link between social anxiety and alcohol-related problems; however, the majority of work has been retrospective, and conducted with adults. Despite an extensive literature highlighting coping-related motives as an underlying mechanism, real-time work presents mixed findings, and no published research has examined an adolescent sample using experimental psychopathology techniques. METHODS The current study tested whether (1) history of social anxiety symptoms positively correlated with alcohol-related cognitions following laboratory-induced social stress, (2) state anxiety was positively correlated with alcohol-related cognitions, and (3) whether the nature of the stressor (performance versus rejection) impacted the strength of identified relations, in a sample of community-recruited adolescents reporting recent alcohol use. Participants (n = 114; Mage = 16.01; 64% girls) were randomly assigned to either a performance- or rejection-oriented task. RESULTS Findings indicated that history of social anxiety symptoms was positively correlated with state anxiety elicited by both tasks. Further, history of social anxiety symptoms was not related to change in desire to drink, but was positively related to the belief that alcohol 'would make me feel better.' State anxiety was positively related to both desire to drink and relief outcome expectancies across both tasks. Finally, the nature of the task did not moderate responding. LIMITATIONS Single site, community sampling confines interpretations, and the tasks did not fully perform as expected. CONCLUSIONS Further study is needed; however, the current findings support the contention that socially-oriented distress may be a developmentally-relevant, malleable target for prevention efforts aimed at problematic alcohol use among adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidemarie Blumenthal
- Department of Psychology, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle #311280, Denton, TX, 76203, United States.
| | - Renee M Cloutier
- Department of Psychology, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle #311280, Denton, TX, 76203, United States.
| | - Megan E Douglas
- Department of Psychology, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle #311280, Denton, TX, 76203, United States.
| | - Nathan T Kearns
- Department of Psychology, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle #311280, Denton, TX, 76203, United States.
| | - Caitlyn N Carey
- Department of Psychology, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle #311280, Denton, TX, 76203, United States.
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Creswell KG. Drinking Together and Drinking Alone: A Social-Contextual Framework for Examining Risk for Alcohol Use Disorder. CURRENT DIRECTIONS IN PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE 2021; 30:19-25. [PMID: 35291310 PMCID: PMC8920309 DOI: 10.1177/0963721420969406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
The context in which drinking occurs is a critical but relatively understudied factor in alcohol use disorder (AUD) etiology. In this article, I offer a social-contextual framework for examining AUD risk by reviewing studies on the unique antecedents and deleterious consequences of social versus solitary alcohol use in adolescents and young adults. Specifically, I provide evidence of distinct emotion regulatory functions across settings, with social drinking linked to enhancing positive emotions and social experiences and solitary drinking linked to coping with negative emotions. I end by considering the conceptual, methodological, and clinical implications of this social-contextual account of AUD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasey G Creswell
- Department of Psychology, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
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Tache RM, Lambert SF, Ialongo NS. The Role of Depressive Symptoms in Substance Use Among African American Boys Exposed to Community Violence. J Trauma Stress 2020; 33:1039-1047. [PMID: 33263207 DOI: 10.1002/jts.22566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Adolescents exposed to community violence (CV) are at increased risk for alcohol, marijuana, and tobacco use. The disproportionate exposure to CV among African American boys heightens their susceptibility to substance use and related problems. Depressive symptoms are linked to both CV exposure and adolescent substance use; however, their role in the link between CV exposure and substance use in African American male adolescents has received little attention. The current study examined whether depressive symptoms mediate or moderate the associations between CV exposure and substance use among African American male adolescents. Participants were 225 African American adolescent boys in Baltimore, Maryland who completed measures of CV exposure and depressive symptoms in 10th grade and measures of substance use in 10th and 11th grades. Hierarchal linear regression analyses indicated that depressive symptoms moderated associations between violent victimization and alcohol and tobacco use, R2 = .21-.30, ps < .001. There was a positive association between CV victimization and alcohol and tobacco use among those who reported high levels of depressive symptoms but not low levels. Depressive symptoms also moderated the link between witnessing CV and alcohol use such that witnessing CV was negatively related to alcohol use among those who reported high levels of depressive symptoms only. The findings suggest that depressive symptoms may play an important role in differentiating alcohol and tobacco use outcomes in CV-exposed African American boys. Prevention efforts should assess for depressive symptoms to identify adolescent boys with the highest risk of substance use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel M Tache
- Department of Psychology, The George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Sharon F Lambert
- Department of Psychology, The George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Nicholas S Ialongo
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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12
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Skrzynski CJ, Creswell KG. Associations between solitary drinking and increased alcohol consumption, alcohol problems, and drinking to cope motives in adolescents and young adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Addiction 2020; 115:1989-2007. [PMID: 32196794 PMCID: PMC8053066 DOI: 10.1111/add.15055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Emerging evidence suggests that solitary drinking may be an important early risk marker for alcohol use disorder. The current paper is the first meta-analysis and systematic review on adolescent and young adult solitary drinking to examine associations between solitary drinking and increased alcohol consumption, alcohol problems, and drinking to cope motives. METHODS PsychINFO, PubMed, and Google Scholar were searched using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) methodology and a pre-registered International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) protocol (no. CRD42020143449). Data from self-report questionnaires regarding negative correlates of solitary drinking (e.g. alcohol problems) and solitary drinking motives (e.g. drinking to cope) were pooled across studies using random-effects models. Studies included adolescents (aged 12-18 years) and young adults (mean age between 18 and 30 years or samples with the majority of participants aged 30 years or younger). RESULTS Meta-analytical results from 21 unique samples including 28,372 participants showed significant effects for the associations between solitary drinking and the following factors: increased alcohol consumption, r = 0.23, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.12, 0.33; drinking problems, r = 0.23, 95% CI = 0.13, 0.32; negative affect, r = 0.21, 95% CI = 0.16, 0.26; social discomfort, r = 0.17, 95% CI = 0.06, 0.27; negative reinforcement, r = 0.28, 95% CI = 0.24, 0.31; and positive reinforcement, r = 0.10, 95% CI = 0.03, 0.17. These associations were not moderated by age group (i.e. adolescent versus young adult), study quality, or differing solitary drinking definitions. Accounting for publication bias increased the effect sizes from r = 0.23 to 0.34 for alcohol consumption and from r = 0.23 to 0.30 for drinking problems, and lowered it from r = 0.10 to 0.06 and r = 0.17 to 0.11 for positive reinforcement and social discomfort, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Solitary drinking among adolescents and young adults appears to be associated with psychosocial/alcohol problems and drinking to cope motives.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kasey G. Creswell
- Department of Psychology Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh PA USA
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Adolescent Depression and Substance Use: the Protective Role of Prosocial Peer Behavior. JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL CHILD PSYCHOLOGY 2020; 47:1065-1074. [PMID: 30547314 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-018-0501-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Adolescents with depression disorders have higher rates of substance use. In order to advance contextually relevant mental health interventions, basic research is needed to test social ecological mechanisms hypothesized to influence adolescent depression and substance use. Accordingly, we conducted growth curve modeling with a sample of 248 urban adolescents to determine if depression's effect on substance use was dependent upon peer network health (sum of peer risk and protective behaviors) and activity space risk (likelihood of high-risk behaviors at routine locations). Results showed that peer network health moderated the effects of depression on substance use, but this effect was not altered by activity space risk. These findings suggest the importance of peer network health relative to depression and substance use, particularly for young adolescents.
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14
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Dumas TM, Ellis W, Litt DM. What Does Adolescent Substance Use Look Like During the COVID-19 Pandemic? Examining Changes in Frequency, Social Contexts, and Pandemic-Related Predictors. J Adolesc Health 2020; 67:354-361. [PMID: 32693983 PMCID: PMC7368647 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2020.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 277] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The overarching goal of this study was to provide key information on how adolescents' substance use has changed since the corona virus disease (COVID)-19 pandemic, in addition to key contexts and correlates of substance use during social distancing. METHODS Canadian adolescents (n = 1,054, Mage = 16.68, standard deviation = .78) completed an online survey, in which they reported on their frequency of alcohol use, binge drinking, cannabis use, and vaping in the 3 weeks before and directly after social distancing practices had taken effect. RESULTS For most substances, the percentage of users decreased; however, the frequency of both alcohol and cannabis use increased. Although the greatest percentage of adolescents was engaging in solitary substance use (49.3%), many were still using substances with peers via technology (31.6%) and, shockingly, even face to face (23.6%). Concerns for how social distancing would affect peer reputation was a significant predictor of face-to-face substance use with friends among adolescents with low self-reported popularity, and a significant predictor of solitary substance use among average and high popularity teens. Finally, adjustment predictors, including depression and fear of the infectivity of COVID-19, predicted using solitary substance use during the pandemic. CONCLUSIONS Our results provide preliminary evidence that adolescent substance use, including that which occurs face to face with peers, thereby putting adolescents at risk for contracting COVID-19, may be of particular concern during the pandemic. Further, solitary adolescent substance use during the pandemic, which is associated with poorer mental health and coping, may also be a notable concern worthy of further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara M Dumas
- Department of Psychology, Huron University College at Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Wendy Ellis
- Department of Psychology, King's University College at Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dana M Litt
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Systems, School of Public Health, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas
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15
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Broman CL, Wright MK, Broman MJ, Bista S. Self-Medication -and Substance Use: A Test of the Hypothesis. JOURNAL OF CHILD & ADOLESCENT SUBSTANCE ABUSE 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/1067828x.2020.1789526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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16
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Soloski KL. Self-medication Hypothesis and Family Socialization Theory: Examining Independent and Common Mechanisms Responsible for Binge Drinking. FAMILY PROCESS 2020; 59:288-305. [PMID: 30357804 DOI: 10.1111/famp.12403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
For many, binge drinking behaviors start early and become a persistent pattern of use throughout the lifespan. In an effort to strengthen understanding of etiology, this study considered the mechanisms from the self-medication hypothesis and family socialization theory. The goal was to identify whether emotional distress is a potential shared mechanism that accounts for the development of binge drinking in different developmental periods. This study used the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health) dataset to examine binge drinking across time for n = 9,421 participants ranging in age from 11 to 18 (M = 15.39, SD = 1.62) at Wave I and ranging from 24 to 32 (M = 28.09, SD = 1.61) at Wave IV of the study. Using an autoregressive cross-lagged model, I examined how parent-child closeness, depressive symptoms, and binge drinking were related over three developmental periods. In examining cross-sectional and longitudinal relations, depressive symptoms were significantly related to binge drinking more often than parent-child closeness; however, results indicated the self-medication model may primarily account for concurrent drinking behaviors rather than long-term. The family socialization theory was indicated to account for some variability above and beyond the self-medication hypothesis. No indirect association between binge drinking and the parent-child relationship was detected through depressive symptoms, failing to support a shared mechanism between the two theories. The results provide support for a multifaceted assessment process for substance using clients, and support the use of Multisystemic Family Therapy, Multidimensional Family Therapy, and perhaps Attachment-Based Family Therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristy L Soloski
- Community, Family, and Addiction Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX
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17
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Mason WA, Stevens AL, Fleming CB. A systematic review of research on adolescent solitary alcohol and marijuana use in the United States. Addiction 2020; 115:19-31. [PMID: 31140213 DOI: 10.1111/add.14697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Alcohol use and marijuana use tend to be social activities among adolescents. Some youth use alcohol or marijuana while alone. This article provides a framework for examining the risk factors for and consequences of solitary alcohol and marijuana use, grounded in a motivational model that emphasizes coping with negative emotions, and provides the first systematic review of research on solitary alcohol and marijuana use among middle school- and high school-aged adolescents in the United States. METHODS PubMed, PsycINFO and Web of Science were searched. Articles were included if they mention solitary alcohol or marijuana (or illicit drug) use among adolescents aged 12-18 years. Studies on non-human animals, college students, non-English language publications and articles exclusively about solitary tobacco or inhalant use were excluded. Overall, 22 articles were selected. RESULTS Prevalence of adolescent solitary alcohol and marijuana use was relatively high (e.g. 14% life-time solitary drinking in the general adolescent population), particularly in high-risk subgroups (e.g. 38.8% life-time solitary drinking in a sample of youth recruited from clinical and community settings). Risk factors for solitary alcohol and marijuana use include earlier onset and heavier use, coping motives, negative emotions and positive expectancies about use. Solitary alcohol and marijuana use are prospectively associated with later substance use disorder (SUD) symptoms, diminished academic performance and perceived health. CONCLUSIONS Approximately 1 in 7 adolescents in the US appear to have engaged in solitary alcohol and marijuana use at some point. It is positively associated with extent of drinking and marijuana use, cop;ing motives, negative emotions, and positive expectancies, as well as subsequent SUD symptoms and poor academic and health-related outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Alex Mason
- Boys Town Child and Family Translational Research Center, Boys Town, NE, USA
| | - Amy L Stevens
- Boys Town Child and Family Translational Research Center, Boys Town, NE, USA
| | - Charles B Fleming
- Center for the Study of Health and Risk Behaviors, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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18
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Hong JS, Hsieh YP, Clary KL, Rose T, Russ R, Voisin DR. Peer Victimization, Internalizing Problems, and Substance Use in Urban African American Adolescents in Chicago: The Relevance of the Self-Medication Hypothesis. VIOLENCE AND VICTIMS 2019; 34:850-866. [PMID: 31575819 DOI: 10.1891/0886-6708.vv-d-18-00127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to explore the link between peer victimization and substance use and tested the mediating role of internalizing problems in urban African American adolescents in Chicago. Six hundred and thirty-eight adolescents in Chicago's Southside participated in the study. Results from the hierarchical linear regression analysis showed that youth who reported peer victimization were at risk of internalizing problems. Those who were bullied by their peers were more likely to display internalizing problems, which was also significantly associated with substance use. Consistent with the self-medication hypothesis, findings from the study suggest that bullied youth are likely to display internalizing problems and turn to substance use. Implications for mental health practice in school settings are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Sung Hong
- Sungkyunkwan University, Department of Social Welfare, Seoul, South Korea, Wayne State University, School of Social Work, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Yi-Ping Hsieh
- The University of North Dakota, Department of Social Work, Grand Forks, North Dakota
| | - Kelly Lynn Clary
- The University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, School of Social Work, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Theda Rose
- The University of Maryland Baltimore, School of Social Work, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Ryan Russ
- Wayne State University, School of Social Work, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Dexter R Voisin
- The University of Toronto, Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, Toronto, Canada
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Perkins AE, Varlinskaya EI, Deak T. From adolescence to late aging: A comprehensive review of social behavior, alcohol, and neuroinflammation across the lifespan. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2019; 148:231-303. [PMID: 31733665 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2019.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The passage of time dictates the pace at which humans and other organisms age but falls short of providing a complete portrait of how environmental, lifestyle and underlying biological processes contribute to senescence. Two fundamental features of the human experience that change dramatically across the lifespan include social interactions and, for many, patterns of alcohol consumption. Rodent models show great utility for understanding complex interactions among aging, social behavior and alcohol use and abuse, yet little is known about the neural changes in late aging that contribute to the natural decline in social behavior. Here, we posit that aging-related neuroinflammation contributes to the insipid loss of social motivation across the lifespan, an effect that is exacerbated by patterns of repeated alcohol consumption observed in many individuals. We provide a comprehensive review of (i) neural substrates crucial for the expression of social behavior under non-pathological conditions; (ii) unique developmental/lifespan vulnerabilities that may contribute to the divergent effects of low-and high-dose alcohol exposure; and (iii) aging-associated changes in neuroinflammation that may sit at the intersection between social processes and alcohol exposure. In doing so, we provide an overview of correspondence between lifespan/developmental periods between common rodent models and humans, give careful consideration to model systems used to aptly probe social behavior, identify points of coherence between human and animal models, and point toward a multitude of unresolved issues that should be addressed in future studies. Together, the combination of low-dose and high-dose alcohol effects serve to disrupt the normal development and maintenance of social relationships, which are critical for both healthy aging and quality of life across the lifespan. Thus, a more complete understanding of neural systems-including neuroinflammatory processes-which contribute to alcohol-induced changes in social behavior will provide novel opportunities and targets for promoting healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy E Perkins
- Developmental Exposure Alcohol Research Center, Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Binghamton University-SUNY, Binghamton, NY, United States
| | - Elena I Varlinskaya
- Developmental Exposure Alcohol Research Center, Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Binghamton University-SUNY, Binghamton, NY, United States
| | - Terrence Deak
- Developmental Exposure Alcohol Research Center, Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Binghamton University-SUNY, Binghamton, NY, United States.
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20
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Davis HA, Ortiz AML, Smith GT. Transactions between early binge eating and personality predict transdiagnostic risk. EUROPEAN EATING DISORDERS REVIEW 2019; 27:614-627. [PMID: 31095835 DOI: 10.1002/erv.2682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Psychiatric comorbidities are prevalent in youth eating disorders. In a sample of 1,906 youth from the United States (49.2% female), followed from elementary school into high school, we found support for a model to help explain this comorbidity. Endorsement of binge eating in fifth grade (elementary school) predicted increases in negative urgency, negative affect, and lack of planning in seventh grade (middle school). In turn, seventh grade negative urgency predicted increases in 10th grade (high school) externalizing dysfunction (binge eating, alcohol use problems, and smoking) and internalizing dysfunction (depressive symptoms). Seventh grade negative affect predicted increases in 10th grade binge eating and depressive symptoms. Seventh grade lack of planning predicted increases only in 10th grade externalizing behaviours. Early engagement in binge eating may elevate risk for multiple forms of dysfunction, at least in part due to its prediction of high-risk personality change in middle school.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather A Davis
- Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | | | - Gregory T Smith
- Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
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21
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Cloutier RM, Blumenthal H, Trim RS, Douglas ME, Anderson KG. Real-time social stress response and subsequent alcohol use initiation among female adolescents. PSYCHOLOGY OF ADDICTIVE BEHAVIORS 2019; 33:254-265. [PMID: 30869921 PMCID: PMC6483836 DOI: 10.1037/adb0000454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Adolescents who are particularly sensitive to social stress may be vulnerable to earlier alcohol consumption and related problems. Although a small literature supports this contention, previous studies mostly relied on retrospective self-report. The current study used discrete-time survival analysis (DTSA) to test whether real-time social stress responding (via laboratory induction) and social anxiety symptoms predicted 12-month alcohol onset in an alcohol-naïve sample of young female adolescents. Anxiety elicited by the task was expected to predict greater and earlier rates of alcohol incidence, particularly among girls with higher levels of self-reported social anxiety symptoms. Participants were 104 community-recruited girls (ages 12-15 years) who completed a modified Trier Social Stress Test and questionnaires; follow-up calls were conducted at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months after the laboratory visit. Self-reported anxiety was assessed in response to the stressor following acclimation (baseline), instruction (anticipation), and speech (posttask). By 12 months, 30.8% of the sample had consumed a full alcoholic beverage. The DTSA revealed that girls with higher levels of social anxiety and greater elevations in anticipatory (but not posttask) anxiety compared to baseline had earlier alcohol initiation. This is the first study to examine the role of both laboratory-induced anxious responding and retrospective reports of social anxiety as prospective predictors of alcohol incidence. These preliminary findings suggest that adolescent girls who are more sensitive to social stress may be at risk for experimenting with alcohol earlier than their peers. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Renee M Cloutier
- Teen Stress and Alcohol Research Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of North Texas
| | - Heidemarie Blumenthal
- Teen Stress and Alcohol Research Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of North Texas
| | - Ryan S Trim
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego
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22
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Blumenthal H, Taylor DJ, Cloutier RM, Baxley C, Lasslett H. The Links Between Social Anxiety Disorder, Insomnia Symptoms, and Alcohol Use Disorders: Findings From a Large Sample of Adolescents in the United States. Behav Ther 2019; 50:50-59. [PMID: 30661566 DOI: 10.1016/j.beth.2018.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2017] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Social anxiety disorder (SAD) is associated with increased risk of developing an alcohol use disorder (AUD). Most of the current literature has focused on the role of acute stress responding in this relation; however, both SAD and AUDs also are linked to insomnia symptoms (i.e., difficulty falling or staying asleep). As adolescence is a sensitive period for the onset of these disorders, the present study examined if insomnia symptoms might partially account for the SAD-AUD link in a large sample of adolescents. Data from the National Comorbidity Survey-Adolescent Supplement were examined. Participants (N = 10,140) completed interviews to assess past 12-month SAD and AUD diagnostic status as well as insomnia symptoms. Analyses tested whether insomnia symptoms accounted for a significant proportion of the SAD-AUD relation. Results indicated that insomnia symptoms were positively related to both SAD and AUD status, and the relation between SAD and AUD status was significantly reduced when insomnia symptoms were included in the model. Findings remained significant after controlling for the effects of age, gender, posttraumatic stress disorder, major depressive disorder, and other drug dependence status. Experimental examination and intensive longitudinal assessment of these relationships are needed before strong conclusions can be inferred about causality and temporal relationships. The current findings do indicate insomnia may be an important indirect and stigma-free treatment target to address in prevention and treatment efforts for SAD, AUDs, and their co-occurrence.
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Epidemiology of Alcohol Use in Late Adolescence in Greece and Comorbidity with Depression and Other Common Mental Disorders. DEPRESSION RESEARCH AND TREATMENT 2019; 2019:5871857. [PMID: 31662906 PMCID: PMC6778898 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5871857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the current study was to examine the prevalence and associations of hazardous alcohol use with sociodemographic variables and its comorbidity with depression and other common mental disorders in a sample of Greek adolescents between 16 and 18 year old. METHODS We recruited 2431 adolescents attending 25 senior high schools in Greece. We assessed depressive and anxiety disorders using the computerized version of a fully-structured psychiatric interview (the revised Clinical Interview Schedule / CIS-R). Alcohol use was assessed using questions taken from a previous WHO school survey. RESULTS Approximately one-third of adolescents (overall: 30.7%, boys: 39.2%, girls: 21.9%, p < 0.001) consumed alcohol on a weekly basis. The experience of excessive consumption, leading to drunkenness at least two or more times in their lifetime, was reported by 15.39% of the adolescents (19.42% for the boys and 11.24% for the girls, p < 0.001). Frequent alcohol consumption and drunkenness were strongly associated with the presence of depression, all other anxiety disorders except panic disorder, current smoking, and lifetime cannabis use, lower school performance, bad or fair relationship with parents, and increased health services use. CONCLUSION Alcohol use is highly prevalent among Greek adolescents. Special attention for the development of more focused preventive strategies should be paid to adolescents suffering from depression or other common mental disorders.
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Lemyre A, Gauthier-Légaré A, Bélanger RE. Shyness, social anxiety, social anxiety disorder, and substance use among normative adolescent populations: A systematic review. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF DRUG AND ALCOHOL ABUSE 2018; 45:230-247. [DOI: 10.1080/00952990.2018.1536882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Lemyre
- School of Psychology, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Population Health and Optimal Health Practices Branch, CHU de Québec Research Centre, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Audrey Gauthier-Légaré
- School of Psychology, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- University Center for Research on Youth and Families, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Richard E. Bélanger
- Population Health and Optimal Health Practices Branch, CHU de Québec Research Centre, Québec, QC, Canada
- Department of Paediatrics, Centre mère-enfant Soleil, CHU de Québec, CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
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25
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Patton KA, Gullo MJ, Connor JP, Chan GC, Kelly AB, Catalano RF, Toumbourou JW. Social cognitive mediators of the relationship between impulsivity traits and adolescent alcohol use: Identifying unique targets for prevention. Addict Behav 2018; 84:79-85. [PMID: 29631094 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2018.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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26
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Copeland M, Fisher JC, Moody J, Feinberg ME. Different Kinds of Lonely: Dimensions of Isolation and Substance Use in Adolescence. J Youth Adolesc 2018; 47:1755-1770. [PMID: 29774451 PMCID: PMC6045973 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-018-0860-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Social isolation is broadly associated with poor mental health and risky behaviors in adolescence, a time when peers are critical for healthy development. However, expectations for isolates' substance use remain unclear. Isolation in adolescence may signal deviant attitudes or spur self-medication, resulting in higher substance use. Conversely, isolates may lack access to substances, leading to lower use. Although treated as a homogeneous social condition for teens in much research, isolation represents a multifaceted experience with structurally distinct network components that present different risks for substance use. This study decomposes isolation into conceptually distinct dimensions that are then interacted to create a systematic typology of isolation subtypes representing different positions in the social space of the school. Each isolated position's association with cigarette, alcohol, and marijuana use is tested among 9th grade students (n = 10,310, 59% female, 83% white) using cross-sectional data from the PROSPER study. Different dimensions of isolation relate to substance use in distinct ways: unliked isolation is associated with lower alcohol use, whereas disengagement and outside orientation are linked to higher use of all three substances. Specifically, disengagement presents risks for cigarette and marijuana use among boys, and outside orientation is associated with cigarette use for girls. Overall, the adolescents disengaged from their school network who also identify close friends outside their grade are at greatest risk for substance use. This study indicates the importance of considering the distinct social positions of isolation to understand risks for both substance use and social isolation in adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - James Moody
- Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mark E Feinberg
- The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16801, USA
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Patton K, Connor JP, Rundle-Thiele S, Dietrich T, Young RM, Gullo MJ. Measuring adolescent drinking-refusal self-efficacy: Development and validation of the Drinking Refusal Self-Efficacy Questionnaire-Shortened Adolescent version (DRSEQ-SRA). Addict Behav 2018; 81:70-77. [PMID: 29432915 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2018.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to develop and validate a shortened version of the Drinking Refusal Self-Efficacy Questionnaire-Revised Adolescent version (DRSEQ-RA) using a large sample of adolescents. METHODS Secondary school students (N = 2609, M = 14.52 years, SD = 0.94) completed the DRSEQ-RA (consisting of subscales: Social Pressure; Opportunistic; Emotional Relief) and the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT). These data were analysed using non-parametric item response theory (NIRT) including Mokken scalability coefficients, and confirmatory factor analysis. RESULTS Social Pressure subscale items were better able to distinguish between adolescents with lower or higher levels of drinking refusal self-efficacy, while the Opportunistic and Emotional Relief subscale items were able to distinguish adolescents with low drinking-refusal self-efficacy. The DRSEQ-RA was reduced from 19-items to a 9-item scale and retained the original three-factor structure. The reduced scale was named the Drinking Refusal Self-Efficacy Questionnaire-Shortened Revised Adolescent version (DRSEQ-SRA). The DRSEQ-RA and the DRSEQ-SRA have almost identical psychometric properties. They both demonstrated good fit to the data, each explained 18% of the variance in alcohol consumption, Adj. R2 = 0.18, p < .001 respectively. The DRSEQ-RA and the DRSEQ-SRA also have excellent scale and subscale internal reliability (αs = 0.92-0.99). CONCLUSIONS The DRSEQ-SRA is a short, 9-item, measure of adolescent drinking-refusal self-efficacy which demonstrates both reliability and validity. A significant advantage is brevity. The DRSEQ-SRA may be a valuable tool for identifying risk of adolescent drinking and prevention/treatment planning in settings where survey administration time is critical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiri Patton
- Centre for Youth Substance Abuse Research, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; School of Psychology, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
| | - Jason P Connor
- Centre for Youth Substance Abuse Research, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Discipline of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Sharyn Rundle-Thiele
- Social Marketing @ Griffith, Griffith Business School, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, Australia
| | - Timo Dietrich
- Centre for Youth Substance Abuse Research, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Social Marketing @ Griffith, Griffith Business School, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, Australia; Department of Marketing, Griffith Business School, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, Australia
| | - Ross McD Young
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia; Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia
| | - Matthew J Gullo
- Centre for Youth Substance Abuse Research, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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Skrzynski C, Creswell KG, Bachrach RL, Chung T. Social discomfort moderates the relationship between drinking in response to negative affect and solitary drinking in underage drinkers. Addict Behav 2018; 78:124-130. [PMID: 29154151 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2017.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Research shows that solitary drinking is associated with negative reinforcement motives (i.e., relieving negative affect). An untested hypothesis proposes that this association may be especially strong for individuals who experience social discomfort. This study aimed to 1) replicate findings linking solitary drinking to social discomfort (i.e., loneliness, social anxiety, and lack of perceived social support), alcohol problems, and drinking in response to negative affect (i.e., drinking to cope motives and inability to resist alcohol during negative affect), and 2) investigate whether greater social discomfort moderates the relationship between drinking in response to negative affect and solitary drinking in underage drinkers. METHOD Current alcohol drinkers ages 18 to 20 (N=664) recruited from a TurkPrime panel reported the percentage of time they drank solitarily and completed measures assessing social discomfort, drinking in response to negative affect, and alcohol involvement. Structural equation modeling was used to test the moderation model. RESULTS Results replicated prior literature supporting the first aim. For the second aim, analyses indicated a positive association between solitary drinking and drinking in response to negative affect across all individuals, but contrary to prediction, this relationship was stronger for individuals with lower, rather than higher, social discomfort. CONCLUSION Underage drinkers with lower, rather than higher, social discomfort appear to be at greater risk for drinking alone. These findings may inform our understanding of individuals at greatest risk for drinking alone and promote new avenues for intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carillon Skrzynski
- Department of Psychology, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
| | - Kasey G Creswell
- Department of Psychology, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
| | - Rachel L Bachrach
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, 3811 O'Hara St, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Tammy Chung
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, 3811 O'Hara St, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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Understanding the interplay of individual and social-developmental factors in the progression of substance use and mental health from childhood to adulthood. Dev Psychopathol 2017; 28:721-41. [PMID: 27427802 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579416000274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
This study examines the interplay between individual and social-developmental factors in the development of positive functioning, substance use problems, and mental health problems. This interplay is nested within positive and negative developmental cascades that span childhood, adolescence, the transition to adulthood, and adulthood. Data are drawn from the Seattle Social Development Project, a gender-balanced, ethnically diverse community sample of 808 participants interviewed 12 times from ages 10 to 33. Path modeling showed short- and long-term cascading effects of positive social environments, family history of depression, and substance-using social environments throughout development. Positive family social environments set a template for future partner social environment interaction and had positive influences on proximal individual functioning, both in the next developmental period and long term. Family history of depression adversely affected mental health functioning throughout adulthood. Family substance use began a cascade of substance-specific social environments across development, which was the pathway through which increasing severity of substance use problems flowed. The model also indicated that adolescent, but not adult, individual functioning influenced selection into positive social environments, and significant cross-domain effects were found in which substance-using social environments affected subsequent mental health.
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30
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Patton KA, Connor JP, Rundle-Thiele S, Dietrich T, Young RM, Gullo MJ. Validation of the Adolescent Drinking Expectancy Questionnaire and development of a short form. Drug Alcohol Rev 2017; 37:396-405. [PMID: 28544257 DOI: 10.1111/dar.12567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This study aimed to validate the Drinking Expectancy Questionnaire-Adolescent version (DEQ-A) in a large adolescent sample and to develop and validate a brief measure, the Drinking Expectancy Questionnaire-Shortened Adolescent version (DEQ-SA). DESIGN AND METHODS Cross-sectional survey of secondary school students (n = 2357, aged 13-16, M = 14.66 years, SD = 0.60). Students completed the DEQ-A in school, and measures of alcohol consumption including the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test-Consumption. The data were randomly split, and Exploratory Factor Analysis was performed using subsample 1, and Confirmatory Factor Analysis and reliability and validity testing were performed using subsample 2. RESULTS The 24-item DEQ-A was successfully reduced to 12 items (DEQ-SA) without compromising psychometric properties. The DEQ-A and the DEQ-SA both demonstrated adequate-to-good fit to the data and very good internal reliability. The DEQ-A and DEQ-SA explained 20 and 18% of the variance in alcohol consumption. Adolescents who drank endorsed more positive alcohol expectancies, whereas alcohol-naïve adolescents scored higher on negative alcohol expectancies. As the DEQ-SA comprises two subscales of the DEQ-A, the endorsement rates are applicable to both scales. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS The DEQ-A and the short form of this scale developed in this study (DEQ-SA) show good reliability, internal structure and account for a large proportion of variance in alcohol consumption. Both scales can assist in targeting cognitive change processes within tailored alcohol prevention and treatment approaches, and investigating hypothesised mechanisms of change. The DEQ-SA is recommended for more time-limited environments. [Patton KA, Connor JP, Rundle-Thiele S, Dietrich T, Young RM, Gullo MJ. Validation of the Adolescent Drinking Expectancy Questionnaire and development of a short form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiri A Patton
- Centre for Youth Substance Abuse Research, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,School of Psychology, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jason P Connor
- Centre for Youth Substance Abuse Research, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,Discipline of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Sharyn Rundle-Thiele
- Social Marketing @ Griffith, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Timo Dietrich
- Centre for Youth Substance Abuse Research, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,Social Marketing @ Griffith, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Ross McD Young
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia.,Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Matthew J Gullo
- Centre for Youth Substance Abuse Research, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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31
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Johannessen EL, Andersson HW, Bjørngaard JH, Pape K. Anxiety and depression symptoms and alcohol use among adolescents - a cross sectional study of Norwegian secondary school students. BMC Public Health 2017; 17:494. [PMID: 28535753 PMCID: PMC5442592 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-017-4389-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We investigated the associations between symptoms of anxiety and depression and alcohol drinking behavior among adolescents, by focusing on the importance of symptom load, as well as gender differences. Methods Data was derived from a cross-sectional school based survey among adolescents in upper secondary schools in Norway. Among other variables adolescents reported on symptoms of anxiety and depression, time of onset and extent of alcohol use. The sample consisted of 6238 adolescents aged 16–18 years. We estimated prevalence of alcohol drinking behaviors in relation to severity of symptoms of anxiety and depression. Results Higher levels of depression symptoms were associated with earlier onset of alcohol use, more frequent consumption and intoxications. The associations between anxiety and depression symptoms and early drinking onset were stronger for girls than for boys. Higher levels of anxiety symptoms were only associated with alcohol consumption among girls. Conclusions Boys and girls with depressive symptoms and girls with anxiety symptoms are more likely to have unhealthy patterns of alcohol drinking. Preventive strategies at all levels could possibly profit from a common approach to mental health and alcohol use, in particular for girls in mid-adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Helle Wessel Andersson
- Department of Research and Development, Clinic of Substance Use and Addiction Medicine, St. Olav's University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Johan Håkon Bjørngaard
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491, Trondheim, Norway.,St. Olav's University Hospital Trondheim, Forensic Department and Research Centre Bröset, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Kristine Pape
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491, Trondheim, Norway.
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32
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Soo Mi Jang. The Association of Depression, Coping Motives and Drinking Problems among College Students: Testing the Self-Medication Hypothesis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.15709/hswr.2017.37.1.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Siennick SE, Widdowson AO, Woessner MK, Feinberg ME, Spoth RL. Risk Factors for Substance Misuse and Adolescents' Symptoms of Depression. J Adolesc Health 2017; 60:50-56. [PMID: 27751712 PMCID: PMC5182119 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2016.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Revised: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Depressive symptoms during adolescence are positively associated with peer-related beliefs, perceptions, and experiences that are known risk factors for substance misuse. These same risk factors are targeted by many universal substance misuse prevention programs. This study examined whether a multicomponent universal substance misuse intervention for middle schoolers reduced the associations between depressive symptoms, these risk factors, and substance misuse. METHODS The study used data from a place-randomized trial of the Promoting School-Community-University Partnerships to Enhance Resilience model for delivery of evidence-based substance misuse programs for middle schoolers. Three-level within-person regression models were applied to four waves of survey, and social network data from 636 adolescents followed from sixth through ninth grades. RESULTS When adolescents in control school districts had more symptoms of depression, they believed more strongly that substance use had social benefits, perceived higher levels of substance misuse among their peers and friends, and had more friends who misused substances, although they were not more likely to use substances themselves. Many of the positive associations of depressive symptoms with peer-related risk factors were significantly weaker or not present among adolescents in intervention school districts. CONCLUSIONS The Promoting School-Community-University Partnerships to Enhance Resilience interventions reduced the positive associations of adolescent symptoms of depression with peer-related risk factors for substance misuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja E. Siennick
- College of Criminology and Criminal Justice, Florida State University, 112 S. Copeland Street, Tallahassee, FL 32306,Corresponding author: Sonja E. Siennick, College of Criminology and Criminal Justice, Florida State University, 112 S. Copeland Street, Tallahassee, FL, 32306 USA, Phone (850) 645-9265, Fax (850) 644-9614,
| | - Alex O. Widdowson
- College of Criminology and Criminal Justice, Florida State University, 112 S. Copeland Street, Tallahassee, FL 32306
| | - Mathew K. Woessner
- College of Criminology and Criminal Justice, Florida State University, 112 S. Copeland Street, Tallahassee, FL 32306
| | - Mark E. Feinberg
- Edna Bennett Pierce Prevention Research Center, Pennsylvania State University, 314 Biobehavioral Health Building, University Park, PA 16801
| | - Richard L. Spoth
- Partnerships in Prevention Science Institute, Iowa State University, 2625 North Loop Drive, Suite 2400, Ames, IA 50010
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34
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Wilkinson AL, Halpern CT, Herring AH. Directions of the relationship between substance use and depressive symptoms from adolescence to young adulthood. Addict Behav 2016; 60:64-70. [PMID: 27100470 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2016.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Revised: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Both substance use and depression are common in adolescence and often comorbid. Past research has produced conflicting results on whether there is a temporal relationship and if so, in which direction it operates and how it may vary by sex. The purpose of this paper is to explore the longitudinal, potentially bidirectional, relationships between high-frequency substance use and depressive symptoms from adolescence into young adulthood for males and females. METHODS Using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health we investigated longitudinal associations between high frequency substance use (alcohol, cigarettes, and marijuana) and depressive symptoms. The linear mixed effects models were stratified by sex and used a lagged measure of the dependent variable to test temporal relationships. A random intercept was used for respondent ID. RESULTS Increases in depressive symptoms were significantly associated with a later increase of about a half day in marijuana use frequency for males and nearly a two day increase in smoking frequency for females. Conversely, increases in smoking frequency were significantly associated with approximately a 0.6-point increase for females and 0.4-point increase for males in depressive symptoms at a later wave. CONCLUSIONS Results indicate a bidirectional relationship between smoking and depressive symptoms for females. For males, there was evidence supporting self-medication with marijuana and for smoking being associated with later increases in depressive symptoms. Results inform how substance use and depression screening, prevention and treatment efforts should be paired and targeted for males and females.
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35
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Blumenthal H, Ham LS, Cloutier RM, Bacon AK, Douglas ME. Social anxiety, disengagement coping, and alcohol-use behaviors among adolescents. ANXIETY, STRESS, AND COPING 2016; 29:432-46. [PMID: 26235528 PMCID: PMC4751071 DOI: 10.1080/10615806.2015.1058366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Although research indicates that social anxiety (SA) is associated with problematic drinking, few studies have examined these relations among adolescents, and all alcohol-related assessments have been retrospective. Socially anxious youth may be at risk to drink in an effort to manage negative affectivity, and a proclivity toward disengagement coping (e.g. avoidance of aversive stimuli) may enhance the desire to drink and learning of coping-related use. DESIGN Adding to research addressing adolescent SA and alcohol use, the current study examined (1) proportional drinking motives (subscale scores divided by the sum of all subscales), (2) current desire to drink in a socially relevant environment (introduction to research laboratory), and (3) the indirect effect of retrospectively reported disengagement in social stress contexts on proportional coping motives and desire to drink. METHOD Participants were 70 community-recruited adolescents who reported recent alcohol use. Level of SA, disengagement coping, drinking motives, and desire to drink following laboratory introduction were assessed. RESULTS Proclivity toward disengagement in prior socially stressful contexts accounted for significant variance in the positive relations between SA and both proportional coping motives and current desire to drink. CONCLUSIONS These data complement existing work. Continued efforts in building developmentally sensitive models of alcohol use are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidemarie Blumenthal
- Department of Psychology, University of North Texas, Denton, USA, 1155 Union Circle #311280, Denton TX 76201
| | - Lindsay S. Ham
- Department of Psychological Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, USA, 216 Memorial Hall, Fayetteville AR 72701
| | - Renee M. Cloutier
- Department of Psychology, University of North Texas, Denton, USA, 1155 Union Circle #311280, Denton TX 76201
| | - Amy K. Bacon
- Department of Psychology, Bradley University, Peoria, USA, 1501 W. Bradley Ave, Peoria IL 61625
| | - Megan E. Douglas
- Department of Psychology, University of North Texas, Denton, USA, 1155 Union Circle #311280, Denton TX 76201
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36
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Birkley EL, Zapolski TCB, Smith GT. Racial Differences in the Transactional Relationship Between Depression and Alcohol Use From Elementary School to Middle School. J Stud Alcohol Drugs 2016; 76:799-808. [PMID: 26402361 DOI: 10.15288/jsad.2015.76.799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this investigation was to test hypothesized reverse prospective relationships between alcohol consumption and depressive symptomatology as a function of race among youth. METHOD In a two-wave prospective study, 328 European American, 328 African American, and 144 Hispanic American youth were studied at the end of fifth grade (last year of elementary school) and the end of sixth grade (first year of middle school). RESULTS A positive correlation was observed between alcohol consumption and depressive symptoms among all youth. However, the predictive relationship differed based on race. For European American and Hispanic American youth, depressive symptom levels at the end of elementary school predicted alcohol consumption at the end of the first year of middle school, but the converse relationship was not observed. For African American youth, the opposite pattern was found. Alcohol consumption at the end of elementary school predicted depressive symptom levels at the end of the first year of middle school, and the converse relationship was not observed. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest the possibility that etiological relationships between depression and alcohol use vary by race, thus highlighting the importance of considering race when studying the risk process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica L Birkley
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Tamika C B Zapolski
- Department of Psychology, Indiana University Purdue University at Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Gregory T Smith
- Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky.,Center on Drug and Alcohol Research, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
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37
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Elmore K, Delva J, Andrade F. Gender differences in psychological factors shaping smoking decisions of Chilean adolescents. J Health Psychol 2016; 22:1721-1730. [PMID: 26956704 DOI: 10.1177/1359105316634451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examined gender differences in how internalizing and externalizing symptoms affect adolescents' decisions about smoking in Chile, where girls smoke at some of the highest rates in the world. In multivariate logistic regression analyses with 607 adolescents, internalizing symptoms, such as depressed mood and anxiety, predicted smoking among girls more than boys, with girls who were low in internalizing symptoms being more likely to smoke than those who were high in internalizing symptoms. In Chile's high-risk context, internalizing symptoms may be indirectly protective for girls by decreasing their exposure to peer pressure and related influences that encourage cigarette use.
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38
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Creswell KG, Chung T, Clark DB, Martin CS. Solitary cannabis use in adolescence as a correlate and predictor of cannabis problems. Drug Alcohol Depend 2015; 156:120-125. [PMID: 26365838 PMCID: PMC4633321 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2015.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Revised: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most adolescent cannabis use occurs in social settings among peers. Solitary cannabis use during adolescence may represent an informative divergence from normative behavior with important implications for understanding risk for cannabis problems. This longitudinal study examined associations of adolescent solitary cannabis use with levels of cannabis use and problems in adolescence and in young adulthood. METHODS Cannabis using-adolescents aged 12-18 were recruited from clinical programs (n=354; 43.8% female; 83.3% Caucasian) and community sources (n=93; 52.7% female; 80.6% Caucasian). Participants reported on cannabis use patterns and diagnostic symptoms at baseline and multiple follow-ups into young adulthood. RESULTS Compared to social-only users, adolescent solitary cannabis users were more likely to be male and reported more frequent cannabis use and more DSM-IV cannabis use disorder (CUD) symptoms. Regression analyses showed that solitary cannabis use in adolescence predicted CUD symptom counts in young adulthood (age 25) after controlling for demographic variables and the frequency of adolescent cannabis use. However, solitary adolescent cannabis use was no longer predictive of age 25 CUD symptoms after additionally controlling for adolescent CUD symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Solitary cannabis use is associated with greater cannabis use and problems during adolescence, but evidence is mixed that it predicts young adult cannabis problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasey G. Creswell
- Department of Psychology, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Tammy Chung
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Duncan B. Clark
- Psychology, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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39
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Dahne J, Banducci AN, Kurdziel G, MacPherson L. Early adolescent symptoms of social phobia prospectively predict alcohol use. J Stud Alcohol Drugs 2015; 75:929-36. [PMID: 25343649 DOI: 10.15288/jsad.2014.75.929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The current study examined whether social phobia (SP) symptoms in early adolescence prospectively predicted alcohol use through middle adolescence in a community sample of youth. METHOD Data from an ongoing longitudinal study (N = 277) of mechanisms of HIV-related risk behaviors in youth were used to assess the extent to which SP symptoms in early adolescence (mean [SD] age = 11.00 years [0.81]) would predict alcohol use across five annual assessment waves. Adolescents completed measures of SP symptoms, depressive symptoms, and alcohol use at each wave. RESULTS Higher SP symptoms at baseline predicted higher average odds of alcohol consumption during subsequent waves but did not significantly predict an increase in the odds of alcohol use as a function of time. Within a lagged model, SP symptoms measured at a prior assessment point (1 year earlier) predicted greater odds of drinking alcohol at the following assessment point. Importantly, alcohol use did not significantly predict SP symptoms over time. These results suggest that early SP symptoms are an important risk factor for increased odds of subsequent alcohol use. CONCLUSIONS The present findings highlight that elevated SP symptoms place adolescents at risk for early alcohol use. Early interventions targeting SP symptoms may be crucial for the prevention of problematic alcohol use in early to mid-adolescence. Implications for prevention and treatment approaches are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Dahne
- Center for Addictions, Personality, and Emotion Research, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, Maryland
| | - Anne N Banducci
- Center for Addictions, Personality, and Emotion Research, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, Maryland
| | - Gretchen Kurdziel
- Child and Adolescent Development Lab, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, Tennessee
| | - Laura MacPherson
- Center for Addictions, Personality, and Emotion Research, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, Maryland
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40
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Benner AD, Wang Y. Adolescent substance use: The role of demographic marginalization and socioemotional distress. Dev Psychol 2015; 51:1086-97. [PMID: 26075631 DOI: 10.1037/dev0000026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the links between racial/ethnic marginalization (i.e., having few same-race/ethnic peers at school) and adolescents' socioemotional distress and subsequent initiation of substance use (alcohol and marijuana) and substance use levels. Data from 7,731 adolescents (52% female; 55% White, 21% African American, 16% Latino, 8% Asian American) were drawn from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health. In our path analysis model, we found that adolescents who were racially/ethnically marginalized at school (i.e., who had less than 15% same-ethnicity peers) reported poorer school attachment, which was linked to more depressive symptoms. More depressive symptoms were associated with higher levels of subsequent marijuana and alcohol use. These relationships showed some variation by students' gender, race/ethnicity, and age. Findings suggest that the influence of school demographics extends beyond the academic domain into the health and well-being of young people.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yijie Wang
- Department of Human Development and Family Sciences
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41
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Creswell KG, Chung T, Wright AGC, Clark DB, Black JJ, Martin CS. Personality, negative affect coping, and drinking alone: a structural equation modeling approach to examine correlates of adolescent solitary drinking. Addiction 2015; 110:775-83. [PMID: 25664806 PMCID: PMC4448111 DOI: 10.1111/add.12881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2014] [Revised: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This study examined the personality traits of negative emotionality and constraint and the ability to resist drinking during negative affective states as correlates of solitary drinking in adolescence. We hypothesized that higher levels of negative emotionality and lower levels of constraint would predict solitary drinking and that these relationships would be mediated by the ability to resist drinking in response to negative emotions. DESIGN Structural equation modeling was used to fit a path model from the personality traits of negative emotionality and constraint to solitary drinking status through intermediate effects on the ability to resist drinking during negative emotions using cross-sectional data. SETTING Clinical and community settings in Pennsylvania, USA. PARTICIPANTS The sample included 761 adolescent drinkers (mean age = 17.1). MEASUREMENTS Adolescents completed the Lifetime Drinking History, the Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire, the Constructive Thinking Inventory and the Situational Confidence Questionnaire. FINDINGS The path model provided a good fit to the data. The association between trait negative emotionality and solitary drinking was fully mediated by adolescents' ability to resist drinking during negative affective states (b = 0.05, P = 0.01). In contrast, constraint had a direct effect on solitary drinking (odds ratio (OR) = 0.79, b = -0.23, P<0.01), as well as an indirect effect through the ability to resist drinking during negative affective states (b = -0.03, P = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS The ability to resist drinking while experiencing negative feelings or emotions may be an important underlying mechanism linking trait negative emotionality (a tendency toward depression, anxiety and poor reaction to stress) and constraint (lack of impulsiveness) to adolescent solitary drinking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasey G. Creswell
- Department of Psychology, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Tammy Chung
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Aidan G. C. Wright
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA,Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Duncan B. Clark
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jessica J. Black
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Shadur JM, Hussong AM, Haroon M. Negative affect variability and adolescent self-medication: The role of the peer context. Drug Alcohol Rev 2015; 34:571-80. [PMID: 25867550 DOI: 10.1111/dar.12260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Findings in the literature show mixed support for adolescent self-medication. Following recent reformulations of the self-medication hypothesis, we tested within-person effects of daily fluctuations in sadness and worry on daily substance use, and explored the moderating role of the peer context on self-medication. We hypothesized that greater daily fluctuations in mood would predict greater daily substance use, and lower levels of peer social support and higher levels of peer drug use would further increase this risk. DESIGN AND METHODS Experience sampling methods captured within-person daily variations in mood and substance use over 21 days among 73 adolescents. An observational coding system was employed to characterize enacted peer social support. Multilevel modeling was used to parse between- versus within-person differences in risk for daily substance use. RESULTS Greater within-person daily fluctuations in feelings of worry (but not sadness) significantly predicted increased daily substance use, consistent with self-medication. Moreover, greater daily fluctuations in negative affect were a stronger predictor of daily use than total level of daily negative affect. Peer social support moderated this relationship such that those with more supportive friendships were less likely to engage in self-medication. DISCUSSION This is the first reported study to examine within-person processes of adolescent self-medication related to daily variability in mood and the peer context. Adolescent self-medication processes appear to differ depending on the type of negative affect and whether daily affective experiences are chronic or fluctuating, suggesting that the affective processes that cue adolescents to engage in substance use are quite nuanced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia M Shadur
- Department of Psychology, Center for Addictions, Personality, and Emotion Research, The University of Maryland at College Park, College Park, USA
| | - Andrea M Hussong
- Department of Psychology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Maleeha Haroon
- Department of Psychology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA
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43
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Black JJ, Clark DB, Martin CS, Kim KH, Blaze TJ, Creswell KG, Chung T. Course of alcohol symptoms and social anxiety disorder from adolescence to young adulthood. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2015; 39:1008-15. [PMID: 25864451 DOI: 10.1111/acer.12711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is limited knowledge of the course of social anxiety disorder (SAD) from adolescence into adulthood, and how SAD and alcohol use disorder (AUD) symptoms change together over time. The current study examined how persistent and adolescent-limited SAD relate to alcohol symptom trajectories across adolescence and into adulthood, as well as gender differences in the course of SAD and AUD symptoms. METHODS Participants were 788 youth (ages 12 to 18 at the baseline assessment; 46.2% female; 80.5% White) recruited from the community (n = 220) and from clinical programs (n = 568). Youth completed clinical interviews on their lifetime history of AUD symptoms and SAD at baseline and were followed through age 25. Multivariate polynomial growth mixture modeling was used to estimate developmental trajectories for SAD and AUD symptoms separately, then together in a dual trajectory model. Gender differences were examined using a classify-analyze approach. RESULTS Three SAD trajectory classes were identified: adolescent-limited (15%), persistent (6%), and no SAD (79%). For AUD symptoms, 5 trajectories were identified: severe (10%), moderate (22%), remitting (18%), young adult onset (22%), and stable low (28%). Those with a history of SAD were about twice as likely to be in the severe AUD symptom class compared to those without a history of SAD. Compared to those with persisting SAD, those in the adolescent-limited SAD class were more likely to belong to the stable low AUD trajectory. Compared to males with SAD, females with SAD were less likely to be in the moderate AUD symptom class and were more likely to be in stable low and young adult onset AUD symptom classes. CONCLUSIONS A history of SAD was associated with membership in the severe AUD trajectory group. The association of gender with SAD and AUD differed depending on developmental period. Future research should examine whether treating SAD in early adolescence may prevent subsequent AUD symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica J Black
- Pittsburgh Adolescent Alcohol Research Center, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Duncan B Clark
- Pittsburgh Adolescent Alcohol Research Center, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Christopher S Martin
- Pittsburgh Adolescent Alcohol Research Center, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Kevin H Kim
- Department of Education, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Thomas J Blaze
- Department of Education, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Kasey G Creswell
- Department of Psychology, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Tammy Chung
- Pittsburgh Adolescent Alcohol Research Center, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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Young-Wolff KC, Wang P, Tuvblad C, Baker LA, Raine A, Prescott CA. Drinking experience uncovers genetic influences on alcohol expectancies across adolescence. Addiction 2015; 110:610-8. [PMID: 25586461 PMCID: PMC4692255 DOI: 10.1111/add.12845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Revised: 11/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To test whether drinking onset moderates genetic and environmental contributions to individual differences in the etiology of alcohol expectancies across adolescence. DESIGN Longitudinal twin design. SETTING Community sample from Los Angeles, CA, USA. PARTICIPANTS A total of 1292 male and female twins, aged 11–18years, were assessed at 1 (n = 440), 2 (n = 587) or 3 (n = 265) occasions as part of the risk factors for the Antisocial Behavior Twin Study. MEASUREMENTS Social behavioral (SB) alcohol expectancies were measured using an abbreviated version of the Social Behavioral subscale from the Alcohol Expectancy Questionnaire for adolescents (AEQ-A). Drinking onset was defined as >1 full drink of alcohol. FINDINGS Alcohol expectancies increased over age and the increase became more rapid following onset of drinking. The importance of genetic and environmental influences on SB scores varied with age and drinking status, such that variation prior to drinking onset was attributed solely to environmental influences, whereas all post-onset variation was attributed to genetic influences. Results did not differ significantly by sex. CONCLUSION Only environmental factors explain beliefs about the social and behavioral consequences of alcohol use prior to drinking onset,whereas genetic factors explain an increasing proportion of the variance in these beliefs after drinking onset.
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Mechanisms of Alcohol Use Disorder Severity in Adolescents with Co-occurring Depressive Symptoms: Findings from a School-Based Substance Use Intervention. SCHOOL MENTAL HEALTH 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s12310-014-9138-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Tucker JS, Pedersen ER, Miles JNV, Ewing BA, Shih RA, D’Amico EJ. Alcohol and marijuana use in middle school: comparing solitary and social-only users. J Adolesc Health 2014; 55:744-9. [PMID: 25223477 PMCID: PMC4252711 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2014.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Revised: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Middle school students with a history of solitary substance use are at elevated risk for substance problems by young adulthood. Understanding how these students differ from social-only users on substance use behaviors and consequences, normative beliefs, social influences, and attitudes can inform efforts to reduce solitary use and its related negative consequences. METHODS Sixth- to seventh-grade students completed an in-school survey. We compared those with a history of solitary versus social-only alcohol use (n = 202 and n = 616, respectively) and marijuana use (n = 92 and n = 208, respectively) on a range of substance use-related characteristics. RESULTS Any solitary use was reported by 25% of lifetime alcohol users and 31% of lifetime marijuana users. Those with a history of solitary use of either substance were more likely to hold positive expectancies about their use but also reported more negative consequences during the past year. Solitary users tended to have greater exposure to substance-using peers and more difficulty resisting offers to use. Compared with social-only drinkers, those with a history of solitary drinking perceived that more of their peers were alcohol users. Significant group differences were not found on negative outcome expectancies or attempts to cut down on substance use. CONCLUSIONS Solitary use is an important, yet, overlooked problem among middle school students who have just begun drinking or using marijuana. Results suggest that positive expectancies, peer influences, resistance self-efficacy, and normative beliefs may be important areas to target in reducing solitary use and the risk it poses for problematic use in young adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan S. Tucker
- RAND Corporation, 1776 Main Street, PO Box 2138, Santa Monica, CA 90407-2138
| | - Eric R. Pedersen
- RAND Corporation, 1776 Main Street, PO Box 2138, Santa Monica, CA 90407-2138
| | - Jeremy N. V. Miles
- RAND Corporation, 1776 Main Street, PO Box 2138, Santa Monica, CA 90407-2138
| | - Brett A. Ewing
- RAND Corporation, 1776 Main Street, PO Box 2138, Santa Monica, CA 90407-2138
| | - Regina A. Shih
- RAND Corporation, 1200 South Hayes Street, Arlington, VA 22202-5050
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47
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Alcohol use among adolescents, aggressive behaviour, and internalizing problems. J Adolesc 2014; 37:945-51. [PMID: 25038493 DOI: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2014.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2013] [Revised: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol use is common among adolescents, but its association with behavioural and emotional problems is not well understood. This study aimed to investigate how self-reported psychosocial problems were associated with the use of alcohol in a community sample consisting of 4074 Finnish adolescents aged 13-18 years. Aggressive behaviour associated with alcohol use and a high level of alcohol consumption, while internalizing problems did not associate with alcohol use. Having problems in social relationships associated with abstinence and lower alcohol consumption. Tobacco smoking, early menarche and attention problems also associated with alcohol use.
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48
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Edwards AC, Joinson C, Dick DM, Kendler KS, Macleod J, Munafò M, Hickman M, Lewis G, Heron J. The association between depressive symptoms from early to late adolescence and later use and harmful use of alcohol. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2014; 23:1219-30. [PMID: 25130265 PMCID: PMC4246124 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-014-0600-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Depressive symptoms and alcohol misuse contribute substantially to the global health burden. These phenotypes often manifest, and frequently co-occur, during adolescence. However, few studies have examined whether both baseline levels of depressive symptoms and change in symptoms are associated with alcohol outcomes. In addition, inconsistent findings could be due to sex differences or the use of different alcohol outcomes. Using data from a prospective population-based cohort in the UK, we estimated trajectories of depressive symptoms from 12 years 10 months to 17 years 10 months, separately for male and female participants. We assessed whether baseline and change in depressive symptoms were associated with use and harmful use of alcohol at 18 years 8 months. Among females, increasing depressive symptoms were associated with increased alcohol use; whilst for males, there was little evidence of this. When examining harmful levels of alcohol use, baseline levels of depressive symptoms in males were weakly related to later harmful alcohol use but this association was attenuated substantially through adjustment for confounders. In contrast, both baseline symptoms and increase in symptoms were associated with later harmful alcohol use in females and these associations were not diminished by confounder adjustment. Elevated depressive symptoms during adolescence are positively associated with increases in both use and harmful use of alcohol at 18 years 8 months. These findings differ between the sexes. Further research is needed to examine the mechanisms underlying the link between depressive symptoms and harmful alcohol use to identify potentially modifiable factors for intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis C. Edwards
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA USA
| | - Carol Joinson
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Clifton, Bristol, BS8 2BN UK
| | - Danielle M. Dick
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA USA
| | - Kenneth S. Kendler
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA USA
| | - John Macleod
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Clifton, Bristol, BS8 2BN UK
| | - Marcus Munafò
- School of Experimental Psychology, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Matthew Hickman
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Clifton, Bristol, BS8 2BN UK
| | - Glyn Lewis
- Mental Health Sciences Unit, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jon Heron
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Clifton, Bristol, BS8 2BN UK
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Newton NC, Barrett EL, Swaffield L, Teesson M. Risky cognitions associated with adolescent alcohol misuse: moral disengagement, alcohol expectancies and perceived self-regulatory efficacy. Addict Behav 2014; 39:165-72. [PMID: 24138964 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2013.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2013] [Revised: 08/22/2013] [Accepted: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
AIM To examine the longitudinal associations between moral disengagement, alcohol related expectancies, perceived self-regulatory efficacy and alcohol use amongst adolescents. DESIGN AND PARTICIPANTS A total of 367 students (mean age=13.1, SD=0.51; 65% male) from five schools across Sydney, Australia took part in this longitudinal study. Participants completed a self-report questionnaire at four time points across an 18 month period which assessed their alcohol use, levels of moral disengagement, alcohol related expectancies and perceived self-regulatory efficacy to resist peer pressure to engage in transgressive behaviours. RESULTS Over time, rates of binge drinking in the past three months significantly increased, but rates of drinking any alcohol in the past three months remained stable. As hypothesised, all three cognitions were independently and consistently associated with adolescent alcohol use and binge drinking over time, with the exception of perceived self-regulatory efficacy which was not associated with an increased risk of drinking any alcohol in the past three months when controlling for moral disengagement, alcohol expectancies, gender and age. CONCLUSIONS The current study is the first study to longitudinally map three distinct cognitive factors associated with adolescent alcohol use. Considering the alarming number of adolescents drinking at levels that place them at risk of significant harm, this study has provided important implications about cognitive factors that can be targeted to increase the accuracy of assessment and efficacy of prevention for alcohol misuse amongst adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola C Newton
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia.
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Creswell KG, Chung T, Clark DB, Martin CS. Solitary Alcohol Use in Teens Is Associated With Drinking in Response to Negative Affect and Predicts Alcohol Problems in Young Adulthood. Clin Psychol Sci 2013; 2:602-610. [PMID: 25977842 DOI: 10.1177/2167702613512795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Adolescent solitary drinking may represent an informative divergence from normative behavior, with important implications for understanding risk for alcohol-use disorders later in life. Within a self-medication framework, we hypothesized that solitary alcohol use would be associated with drinking in response to negative affect and that such a pattern of drinking would predict alcohol problems in young adulthood. We tested these predictions in a longitudinal study in which we examined whether solitary drinking in adolescence (ages 12-18) predicted alcohol-use disorders in young adulthood (age 25) in 466 alcohol-using teens recruited from clinical programs and 243 alcohol-using teens recruited from the community. Findings showed that solitary drinking was associated with drinking in response to negative affect during adolescence and predicted alcohol problems in young adulthood. Results indicate that drinking alone is an important type of alcohol-use behavior that increases risk for the escalation of alcohol use and the development of alcohol problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasey G Creswell
- Department of Psychology, Carnegie Mellon University ; Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine
| | - Tammy Chung
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine
| | - Duncan B Clark
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine
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