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Månsson A, van der Velde L, Karlsson T, Beekmann L, Jonsson Stenberg E, Haagsma J, Castelpietra G, Agardh EE, Allebeck P. Alcohol control policy and alcohol-attributable disease burden in Finland and the Baltic countries: A longitudinal study 1995-2019. Drug Alcohol Rev 2024; 43:1338-1348. [PMID: 39009476 DOI: 10.1111/dar.13901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Alcohol remains a significant contributor to mortality and morbidity in Finland and the Baltic countries, particularly among men. This study aimed to assess alcohol policy restrictiveness in this region from 1995 to 2019 using a modified version of the Bridging the Gap (BtG-M) policy scale and examine its association with alcohol-related disease burden. METHODS The study utilised national laws to score policy restrictiveness (higher BtG-M scores mean stricter policies) and age-standardised rates of disability-adjusted life years (DALY), years of life lost, years lived with disability and deaths per 100,000 from the 2019 Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD). Spearman correlation tests and panel data regression models were applied to assess the association between policy score and burden of disease. RESULTS Finland maintained a high BtG-M score, while the Baltic countries experienced recent increases from initially lower scores. Alcohol-related disease burden showed an inverse association with policy changes in these countries. Strongest association was seen between the BtG-M score and DALY rates attributed to injuries. Premature mortality among men constituted the largest proportion of disease burden. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Despite challenges in accessing and comparing policy data over time, we showed a strong association between alcohol policy and alcohol-related harm in Finland and the Baltic countries. This study is one of the first to use the BtG-M scale to monitor changes in alcohol policies over time and their relationship to alcohol-related harm using GBD methodology. The study highlights the effects of national alcohol policies on levels of alcohol-related harm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Månsson
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lode van der Velde
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Thomas Karlsson
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | | | - Juanita Haagsma
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Giulio Castelpietra
- Department Adulte 2, Centre Neuchatelois de Psychiatrie, Marin-Epagnier, Switzerland
- Mental Health Flagship, Division of Country Health Policies and Systems, WHO Regional Office for Europe, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Emilie E Agardh
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter Allebeck
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Schulte A, Liu G, Subbaraman MS, Kerr WC, Leslie D, Roberts SCM. Relationships Between Alcohol Policies and Infant Morbidities and Injuries. Am J Prev Med 2024; 66:980-988. [PMID: 38340136 PMCID: PMC11195443 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2024.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Previous research has found that policies specifically focused on pregnant people's alcohol use are largely ineffective. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to analyze the relationships between general population policies regulating alcohol physical availability and outcomes related to pregnant people's alcohol use, specifically infant morbidities and injuries. METHODS Outcome data were obtained from Merative MarketScan, a longitudinal commercial insurance claims data set. Policy data were obtained from the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism's Alcohol Policy Information System, the National Alcohol Beverage Control Association, and Liquor Handbooks and merged using policies in effect during the estimated year of conception. Relationships between state-level policies regulating sites, days/hours, and government monopoly of liquor sales and infant morbidities and injuries were examined. Analyses used logistic regression with individual controls, fixed effects for state and year, state-specific time trends, and SEs clustered by state. The study analysis was conducted from 2021 to 2023. RESULTS The analytic sample included 1,432,979 infant-birthing person pairs, specifically people aged 25-50 years who gave birth to a singleton between 2006 and 2019. A total of 3.1% of infants had a morbidity and 2.1% of infants had an injury. State government monopoly on liquor sales was associated with reduced odds of infant morbidities and injuries, whereas gas station liquor sales were associated with increased odds of infant morbidities and injuries. Allowing liquor sales after 10PM was associated with increased odds for infant injuries. No effect was found for allowing liquor sales in grocery stores or on Sundays. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that limiting alcohol availability for the general population may help reduce adverse infant outcomes related to pregnant people's alcohol use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Schulte
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, Oakland, California.
| | - Guodong Liu
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | | | - William C Kerr
- Alcohol Research Group, Public Health Institute, Emeryville, California
| | - Douglas Leslie
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Sarah C M Roberts
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, Oakland, California
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Brahmania M, Rogal S, Serper M, Patel A, Goldberg D, Mathur A, Wilder J, Vittorio J, Yeoman A, Rich NE, Lazo M, Kardashian A, Asrani S, Spann A, Ufere N, Verma M, Verna E, Simpson D, Schold JD, Rosenblatt R, McElroy L, Wadwhani SI, Lee TH, Strauss AT, Chung RT, Aiza I, Carr R, Yang JM, Brady C, Fortune BE. Pragmatic strategies to address health disparities along the continuum of care in chronic liver disease. Hepatol Commun 2024; 8:e0413. [PMID: 38696374 PMCID: PMC11068141 DOI: 10.1097/hc9.0000000000000413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic disparities exist in the prevalence and natural history of chronic liver disease, access to care, and clinical outcomes. Solutions to improve health equity range widely, from digital health tools to policy changes. The current review outlines the disparities along the chronic liver disease health care continuum from screening and diagnosis to the management of cirrhosis and considerations of pre-liver and post-liver transplantation. Using a health equity research and implementation science framework, we offer pragmatic strategies to address barriers to implementing high-quality equitable care for patients with chronic liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayur Brahmania
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Transplant Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Shari Rogal
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Marina Serper
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Arpan Patel
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - David Goldberg
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Amit Mathur
- Department of Surgery, Division of Transplant Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Julius Wilder
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jennifer Vittorio
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York, USA
| | - Andrew Yeoman
- Department of Medicine, Gwent Liver Unit, Aneurin Bevan University Health Board, Newport, Wales, UK
| | - Nicole E. Rich
- Department of Medicine, Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Mariana Lazo
- Department of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ani Kardashian
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Sumeet Asrani
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Ashley Spann
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Nneka Ufere
- Department of Medicine, Liver Center, Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Manisha Verma
- Department of Medicine, Einstein Healthcare Network, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Elizabeth Verna
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Dinee Simpson
- Department of Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Jesse D. Schold
- Department of Surgery and Epidemiology, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Russell Rosenblatt
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Lisa McElroy
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Sharad I. Wadwhani
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Tzu-Hao Lee
- Department of Medicine, Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Alexandra T. Strauss
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Raymond T. Chung
- Department of Medicine, Liver Center, Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ignacio Aiza
- Department of Medicine, Liver Unit, Hospital Ángeles Lomas, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rotonya Carr
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Jin Mo Yang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Carla Brady
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Brett E. Fortune
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hepatology, Montefiore Einstein Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA
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Fitzgerald N, Egan M, O'Donnell R, Nicholls J, Mahon L, de Vocht F, McQuire C, Angus C, Purves R, Henney M, Mohan A, Maani N, Shortt N, Bauld L. Public health engagement in alcohol licensing in England and Scotland: the ExILEnS mixed-method, natural experiment evaluation. PUBLIC HEALTH RESEARCH 2024:1-76. [PMID: 38345369 DOI: 10.3310/fsrt4135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Background International systematic reviews suggest an association between alcohol availability and increased alcohol-related harms. Alcohol availability is regulated through separate locally administered licensing systems in England and Scotland, in which local public health teams have a statutory role. The system in Scotland includes a public health objective for licensing. Public health teams engage to varying degrees in licensing matters but no previous study has sought to objectively characterise and measure their activity, examine their effectiveness, or compare practices between Scotland and England. Aim To critically assess the impact and mechanisms of impact of public health team engagement in alcohol premises licensing on alcohol-related harms in England and Scotland. Methods We recruited 39 diverse public health teams in England (n = 27) and Scotland (n = 12). Public health teams more active in licensing were recruited first and then matched to lower-activity public health teams. Using structured interviews (n = 66), documentation analysis, and expert consultation, we developed and applied the Public Health Engagement In Alcohol Licensing (PHIAL) measure to quantify six-monthly activity levels from 2012 to 2019. Time series of PHIAL scores, and health and crime outcomes for each area, were analysed using multivariable negative binomial mixed-effects models to assess correlations between outcome and exposure, with 18-month average PHIAL score as the primary exposure metric. In-depth interviews (n = 53) and a workshop (n = 10) explored public health team approaches and potential mechanisms of impact of alcohol availability interventions with public health team members and licensing stakeholders (local authority licensing officers, managers and lawyers/clerks, police staff with a licensing remit, local elected representatives). Findings Nineteen public health team activity types were assessed in six categories: (1) staffing; (2) reviewing and (3) responding to licence applications; (4) data usage; (5) influencing licensing stakeholders/policy; and (6) public involvement. Usage and intensity of activities and overall approaches varied within and between areas over time, including between Scotland and England. The latter variation could be explained by legal, structural and philosophical differences, including Scotland's public health objective. This objective was felt to legitimise public health considerations and the use of public health data within licensing. Quantitative analysis showed no clear evidence of association between level of public health team activity and the health or crime outcomes examined, using the primary exposure or other metrics (neither change in, nor cumulative, PHIAL scores). Qualitative data suggested that public health team input was valued by many licensing stakeholders, and that alcohol availability may lead to harms by affecting the accessibility, visibility and norms of alcohol consumption, but that the licensing systems have limited power to act in the interests of public health. Conclusions This study provides no evidence that public health team engagement in local licensing matters was associated with measurable downstream reductions in crime or health harms, in the short term, or over a 7-year follow-up period. The extensive qualitative data suggest that public health team engagement is valued and appears to be slowly reorienting the licensing system to better address health (and other) harms, especially in Scotland, but this will take time. A rise in home drinking, alcohol deliveries, and the inherent inability of the licensing system to reduce - or in the case of online sales, to contain - availability, may explain the null findings and will continue to limit the potential of these licensing systems to address alcohol-related harms. Future work Further analysis could consider the relative success of different public health team approaches in terms of changing alcohol availability and retailing. A key gap relates to the nature and impact of online availability on alcohol consumption, harms and inequalities, alongside development and study of relevant policy options. A national approach to licensing data and oversight would greatly facilitate future studies and public health input to licensing. Limitations Our interview data and therefore PHIAL scores may be limited by recall bias where documentary evidence of public health activity was not available, and by possible variability in grading of such activity, though steps were taken to minimise both. The analyses would have benefited from additional data on licensing policies and environmental changes that might have affected availability or harms in the study areas. Study registration The study was registered with the Research Registry (researchregistry6162) on 26 October 2020. The study protocol was published in BMC Medical Research Methodology on 6 November 2018. Funding This synopsis presents independent research funded by the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Public Health Research programme as award number 15/129/11.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niamh Fitzgerald
- Institute for Social Marketing and Health, University of Stirling, Scotland, UK
- SPECTRUM Consortium, UK
| | - Matt Egan
- Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- NIHR School for Public Health Research, Tyne and Wear, UK
| | - Rachel O'Donnell
- Institute for Social Marketing and Health, University of Stirling, Scotland, UK
| | - James Nicholls
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Sport, University of Stirling, Scotland, UK
| | - Laura Mahon
- Alcohol Focus Scotland, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - Frank de Vocht
- NIHR School for Public Health Research, Tyne and Wear, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- NIHR Applied Research Collaboration West, Bristol, UK
| | - Cheryl McQuire
- NIHR School for Public Health Research, Tyne and Wear, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Colin Angus
- SPECTRUM Consortium, UK
- School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, UK
| | - Richard Purves
- Institute for Social Marketing and Health, University of Stirling, Scotland, UK
| | - Madeleine Henney
- School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, UK
| | - Andrea Mohan
- School of Health Sciences, University of Dundee, Scotland, UK
| | - Nason Maani
- Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Niamh Shortt
- SPECTRUM Consortium, UK
- School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Linda Bauld
- SPECTRUM Consortium, UK
- Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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Nicosia N, Smart R, Schell TL. Effects of restricting alcohol sales on fatal violence: Evidence from Sunday sales bans. Drug Alcohol Depend 2023; 253:110982. [PMID: 37980844 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2023.110982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Homicides and suicides are the second- and third-leading causes of death among young people (aged 10-24) in the US. While a substantial share of these deaths involve alcohol, evidence is needed on whether specific alcohol policies, such as day-based sales restrictions, help prevent these deaths. METHODS We constructed total and firearm-related homicide and suicide counts by state, year, and day-of-week from the Multiple Cause of Death Micro-data 1990-2019. Repeals of Sunday bans were taken from the Alcohol Policy Information System. Two-way fixed effects Poisson models with standard errors clustered at state-level and population offset control for state, year and day-of-the-week fixed effects and state time-varying covariates. RESULTS Repealing Sunday bans is associated with an increase in homicides (IRR=1.125; 95% confidence interval [CI]:1.02-1.24) and firearm homicides (IRR=1.17; 95% CI:1.03-1.33). Analyses by day-of-the-week show significant associations with homicides not only on Sundays, but also other days, consistent with delays in death. There was no significant relationship for suicides. CONCLUSION Restricting alcohol availability may prove a useful policy tool to reduce homicides, given that day-based restrictions are associated with changes in deaths rather than only shifting across days-of-the-week.
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Calvert C, Jones-Webb R, Erickson D, Lenk K, Toomey T, Nelson T. Effects of Sunday Liquor Sales Legalization on Alcohol Policy Attitudes and Alcohol Purchasing Behavior. JOURNAL OF DRUG EDUCATION 2023; 52:47-62. [PMID: 38013419 DOI: 10.1177/00472379231217846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
We examined how legalization of Sunday alcohol sales relates to attitudes towards Sunday sales, and how both attitudes and alcohol consumption patterns relate to Sunday alcohol purchasing. A total of 1,384 adults of legal drinking age completed a survey one year post-legalization of Sunday sales. A majority of respondents (51%) were supportive of Sunday sales legalization both before and after legalization. People were more likely to support Sunday sales legalization if they reported binge drinking (PR: 2.19; CI: 1.51 3.18). Following Sunday sales legalization, 59% of participants reported purchasing alcohol in Minnesota on Sunday. Binge drinking (PR: 1.39; CI: 1.27, 1.52) or supporting Sunday sales legalization (PR: 1.85; CI: 1.56, 2.17) were associated with higher likelihood of purchasing alcohol on Sunday. Legalizing Sunday sales may have increased access to alcohol for people with more unhealthy drinking behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Collin Calvert
- Department of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, School of Public Health, Minneapolis, USA
| | - Rhonda Jones-Webb
- Department of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, School of Public Health, Minneapolis, USA
| | - Darin Erickson
- Department of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, School of Public Health, Minneapolis, USA
| | - Kathleen Lenk
- Department of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, School of Public Health, Minneapolis, USA
| | - Traci Toomey
- Department of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, School of Public Health, Minneapolis, USA
| | - Toben Nelson
- Department of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, School of Public Health, Minneapolis, USA
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O’Donnell R, Mohan A, Purves R, Maani N, Angus C, Egan M, Fitzgerald N. Mechanisms of impact of alcohol availability interventions from the perspective of 63 diverse alcohol licensing stakeholders: a qualitative interview study. DRUGS (ABINGDON, ENGLAND) 2023; 31:338-347. [PMID: 38835541 PMCID: PMC11147450 DOI: 10.1080/09687637.2023.2205991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Aims Interventions restricting temporal and spatial availability of alcohol are associated with reduced harm, but the pathways by which specific interventions have impact are poorly understood. We examined mechanisms of impact from the perspective of diverse licensing stakeholders. Methods Fifty-three in-depth interviews were conducted with licensing stakeholders (from public health teams [PHTs], police, local authority licensing teams and lawyers, and alcohol premises licensing committees) from 20 local government areas. Interviewees were recruited as part of the Exploring the impact of alcohol licensing in England and Scotland (ExILEnS) study. Data were analyzed thematically and preliminary themes/subthemes were discussed during online groups with a different sample of public health and licensing professionals (n = 10). Findings Most interviewees struggled to articulate how availability interventions might lead to changes in alcohol consumption or harms. Five overarching mechanisms were identified: access, visibility, premises and area-level norms, affordability, and management of the night-time economy, with specific pathways identified for certain subgroups/premises types. The mechanisms by which alcohol availability interventions may impact on alcohol consumption and harms are diverse, but were poorly understood. Conclusions These findings will inform licensing and availability policy and advocacy, highlighting the need for further scrutiny of the evidence underpinning identified mechanisms, and primary research to address knowledge gaps.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. O’Donnell
- Institute for Social Marketing and Health, Faculty of Health Sciences and Sport, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
| | - A. Mohan
- School of Health Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - R. Purves
- Institute for Social Marketing and Health, Faculty of Health Sciences and Sport, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
| | - N. Maani
- School of Social and Political Science, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - C. Angus
- School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - M. Egan
- Department of Public Health, Environments and Society, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - N. Fitzgerald
- Institute for Social Marketing and Health, Faculty of Health Sciences and Sport, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
- SPECTRUM Consortium, Edinburgh, UK
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Santos MGR, Sanchez ZM, Hughes K, Gee I, Quigg Z. The perceived impact that alcohol policy could have on Brazilian and British students' pre-drinking behaviour. Addict Behav 2023; 140:107618. [PMID: 36652811 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2023.107618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence on how pre-drinking (i.e., drinking in private or in unlicensed settings before going out) varies across cultures and its implications for defining policies and prevention strategies is needed. We explored the perceived impact that various alcohol policies could have on pre-drinking practices amongst Brazilian and British students that pre-drink. METHODS A cross-sectional, online survey amongst student drinkers aged 18-29 in England (N = 387) and Brazil (N = 1,048) explored sociodemographic, pre-drinking habits, and attitudes towards alcohol policies (increasing prices, regulating availability, and restricting promotions). RESULTS A greater proportion of British students were aged between 18 and 21 years old (67.2%) than Brazilian students (45.2%; p < 0.001). More British (ENG 85.8%) than Brazilian (BRA 44.8%, p < 0.001) students reported pre-drinking. Pre-drinkers' main motivation was to save money (BRA 66.5%, ENG 46.2%, p < 0.001). In multivariate analyses, in Brazil, male (Odds Ratio [OR]: 1.53, CI: 1.04-2.24) and white (OR: 1.60, CI: 1.03-2.49) pre-drinkers were more likely to believe that increasing prices policies could reduce their pre-drinking habits. In Brazil, white pre-drinkers (OR: 1.86, CI: 1.10-3.15) were more likely to believe that restricting alcohol promotions policies could reduce their pre-drinking habits. Regarding the perceived impact that the combined alcohol policies could have on students' pre-drinking practice, only in Brazil there were significant statistical results. CONCLUSIONS Whilst in Brazil none of the investigated alcohol policies are currently implemented, more Brazilian pre-drinkers believed that such legislation could reduce their pre-drinking practices (when compared with British pre-drinkers). These data may help legislators and stakeholders to better understand the characteristics of a more acceptable alcohol policy amongst university students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana G R Santos
- Public Health Institute, Liverpool John Moores University, 3rd Floor Exchange Station, Tithebarn St., Liverpool L2 2QP, UK; Department of Preventive Medicine, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, R. Botucatu, 740, 4th Floor, São Paulo 04023-900, Brazil.
| | - Zila M Sanchez
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, R. Botucatu, 740, 4th Floor, São Paulo 04023-900, Brazil
| | - Karen Hughes
- School of Human Sciences, Bangor University, Wrexham Campus, Wrexham Technology Park, Croesnewydd Road, Wrexham LL13 7YP, UK
| | - Ivan Gee
- Public Health Institute, Liverpool John Moores University, 3rd Floor Exchange Station, Tithebarn St., Liverpool L2 2QP, UK
| | - Zara Quigg
- Public Health Institute, Liverpool John Moores University, 3rd Floor Exchange Station, Tithebarn St., Liverpool L2 2QP, UK
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JERNIGAN DAVIDH. Alcohol and Public Health: Failure and Opportunity. Milbank Q 2023; 101:552-578. [PMID: 37096612 PMCID: PMC10126957 DOI: 10.1111/1468-0009.12631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Policy Points Public health science regarding alcohol consumption and problems, alcohol's role in equity and social justice, and identification of effective policy interventions has grown steadily stronger in the past 30 years. Progress on effective alcohol policies has stalled or gone backward in the United States and much of the world. Because alcohol influences at least 14 of the 17 sustainable development goals, as well as more than 200 disease and injury conditions, reducing alcohol problems should offer a platform for collaboration across public health silos but will require that public health itself respect and follow its own science.
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Domínguez D JF, Truong J, Burnett J, Satyen L, Akhlaghi H, Stella J, Rushworth N, Caeyenberghs K. Effects of the Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic on Assault-Related Head Injury in Melbourne: A Retrospective Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 20:63. [PMID: 36612383 PMCID: PMC9819794 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20010063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Assault is the leading preventable cause of death, traumatic brain injury (TBI), and associated mental health problems. The COVID-19 pandemic has had a profound impact on patterns of interpersonal violence across the world. In this retrospective cross-sectional study, we analysed medical records of 1232 assault victims (domestic violence: 111, random assault: 900, prison assault: 221) with head injuries who presented to the emergency department (ED) at St Vincent's Hospital in Melbourne, Australia, a city with one of the longest and most severe COVID-19 restrictions worldwide. We examined changes in prevalence in the assault group overall and in domestic violence, random assault, and prison assault victims, comparing data from 19.5 months before and after the first day of COVID-19 restrictions in Melbourne. Moreover, we investigated differences driven by demographic factors (Who: age group, sex, and nationality) and clinical variables (Where: assault location, and When: time of arrival to the ED and time from moment of injury until presentation at ED). Descriptive statistics and chi-square analyses were performed. We found the COVID-19 pandemic significantly affected the Where of assault-related TBI, with a shift in the location of assaults from the street to the home, and the increase at home being driven by random assaults on middle-aged adults. Overall, we observed that 86% of the random assault cases were males, whereas 74% of the domestic assault cases were females. Meanwhile, nearly half (44%) of the random assault victims reported alcohol consumption versus a fifth (20%) of domestic violence victims. These findings will have direct implications for developing screening tools and better preventive and ameliorative interventions to manage the sequelae of assault TBI, particularly in the context of future large-scale health crises or emergencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan F Domínguez D
- Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia
| | - Johnny Truong
- Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia
| | - Jake Burnett
- Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia
| | - Lata Satyen
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Burwood, VIC 3125, Australia
| | - Hamed Akhlaghi
- Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia
- Department of Emergency Medicine, St. Vincent’s Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3065, Australia
| | - Julian Stella
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Geelong Hospital, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia
| | | | - Karen Caeyenberghs
- Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia
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11
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Goodyear K, Moyo P, Avila JC, Ahluwalia JS, Monnig MA. Associations between alcohol and cannabis use before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: Results of a community survey. Addict Behav Rep 2022; 16:100455. [PMID: 36101549 PMCID: PMC9458547 DOI: 10.1016/j.abrep.2022.100455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted individuals around the world, creating unprecedented challenges. Due to lockdowns and social distancing measures, many people have turned to contactless modes of obtaining alcohol and other substances (e.g., home delivery). This study investigated associations between alcohol and cannabis use before and during the initial months of the COVID-19 pandemic and factors associated with use. An online, cross-sectional survey with a non-probability sample (N = 1126) was conducted in Northeast states during June-July 2020. Outcomes examined prevalence of alcohol and cannabis use for the overall sample and predictors of use in individuals who used substances. In the overall sample, we found that alcohol and cannabis use decreased from before to during the pandemic. For individuals who drank alcohol, higher pre-pandemic drinking, mid-range household income, and obtaining alcohol through home delivery were associated with higher alcohol drinking during the pandemic. For individuals who used cannabis, higher pre-pandemic cannabis use and obtaining cannabis through home delivery were associated with higher cannabis use during the pandemic. Overall, from before to during the pandemic, we found a decrease in the proportion of individuals who used substances and no changes in quantity for individuals who continued to use substances. Home delivery was associated with greater use of alcohol and marijuana, supporting a need for further research on risk factors for heavier substance use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly Goodyear
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Patience Moyo
- Center for Gerontology and Healthcare Research, Department of Health Services, Policy and Practice, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Jaqueline C. Avila
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Jasjit S. Ahluwalia
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Mollie A. Monnig
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
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12
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Ayares G, Idalsoaga F, Arnold J, Fuentes-López E, Arab JP, Díaz LA. Public Health Measures and Prevention of Alcohol-Associated Liver Disease. J Clin Exp Hepatol 2022; 12:1480-1491. [PMID: 36340308 PMCID: PMC9630023 DOI: 10.1016/j.jceh.2022.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hazardous alcohol consumption causes approximately 4% of deaths globally, constituting one of the leading risk factors for the burden of the disease worldwide. Alcohol has several health consequences, such as alcohol-associated liver disease, hepatocellular carcinoma, nonliver neoplasms, physical injury, cardiac disease, and psychiatric disorders. Alcohol misuse significantly affects workforce productivity, with elevated direct and indirect economic costs. Due to the high impact of alcohol consumption on the population, public health has led to the development of a range of strategies to reduce its harmful effects. Regulatory public health policies (PHP) for alcohol can exist at the global, regional, international, national, or subnational levels. Effective strategies incorporate a multilevel, multicomponent approach, targeting multiple determinants of drinking and alcohol-related harms. The World Health Organization categorizes the PHP into eight categories: national plan to fight the harmful consequences of alcohol, national license and production and selling control, taxes control and pricing policies, limiting drinking age, restrictions on alcohol access, driving-related alcohol policies, control over advertising and promotion, and government monitoring systems. These policies are supported by evidence from different populations, demonstrating that determinants of alcohol use depend on several factors such as socioeconomic level, age, sex, ethnicity, production, availability, marketing, and others. Although most policies have a significant individual effect, a higher number of PHP are associated with a lower burden of disease due to alcohol. The excessive consequences of alcohol constitute a call for action, and clinicians should advocate for developing and implementing a new PHP on alcohol consumption.
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Key Words
- ACLF, Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure
- ALD, Alcohol-associated Liver Disease
- AUC, Area Under the Curve
- AUD, Alcohol Use Disorder
- AUDIT, Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test
- AUDIT-C, Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test Concise
- AVT, Alcohol Volumetric Tax
- BAC, Blood Alcohol Concentration
- DALYs, Disability-adjusted life years
- GDP, Gross domestic product
- PHP, Public Health Policies
- PNPLA3, Patatin-like Phospholipase Domain-containing 3
- USA, United States
- USD, United States Dollars
- WHO, World Health Organization
- alcohol use disorders
- alcohol-associated hepatitis
- cirrhosis
- fatty liver disease
- steatosis
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Ayares
- Departamento de Gastroenterología, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Francisco Idalsoaga
- Departamento de Gastroenterología, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jorge Arnold
- Departamento de Gastroenterología, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Eduardo Fuentes-López
- Departamento de Ciencias de La Salud, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan P. Arab
- Departamento de Gastroenterología, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Luis A. Díaz
- Departamento de Gastroenterología, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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13
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O’Donnell R, Mohan A, Purves R, Maani N, Egan M, Fitzgerald N. How public health teams navigate their different roles in alcohol premises licensing: ExILEnS multistakeholder interview findings. PUBLIC HEALTH RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.3310/xcuw1239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background
In England and Scotland, local governments regulate the sale of alcohol by awarding licences to premises to permit the sale of alcohol for consumption on or off the premises, under certain conditions; without such a licence, alcohol cannot be legally sold. In recent years, many local public health teams have become proactive in engaging with alcohol licensing, encouraging licensing authorities to act in ways intended to improve population health.
Objective
This research aimed to explore and understand the approaches and activities of public health stakeholders (i.e. NHS staff and other public health professionals) in seeking to influence local alcohol licensing policy and decisions, and the views of licensing stakeholders (i.e. licensing officers/managers, police staff with a licensing remit, elected members and licensing lawyers/clerks) on the acceptability and effectiveness of these approaches.
Participants
Local public health teams in England and Scotland were directly informed about this multisite study. Scoping calls were conducted with interested teams to explore their level of activity in alcohol licensing from 2012 across several categories. Twenty local authority areas with public health teams active in licensing matters were recruited purposively in England (n = 14) and Scotland (n = 6) to vary by region and rurality. Fifty-three in-depth telephone interviews (28 with public health stakeholders and 25 with licensing stakeholders outside health, such as local authority licensing teams/lawyers or police) were conducted. Interview transcripts were analysed thematically in NVivo 12 (QSR International, Warrington, UK) using inductive and deductive approaches.
Results
Public health stakeholders’ approaches to engagement varied, falling into three main (and sometimes overlapping) types. (1) Many public health stakeholders in England and all public health stakeholders in Scotland took a ‘challenging’ approach to influencing licensing decisions and policies. Reducing health harms was felt to necessitate a focus on reducing availability and generating longer-term culture change, citing international evidence on the links between availability and alcohol-related harms. Some of these stakeholders viewed this as being a narrow, ‘nanny state’ approach, whereas others welcomed public health expertise and its evidence-based approach and input. (2) Some public health stakeholders favoured a more passive, ‘supportive’ approach, with some reporting that reducing availability was unachievable. They reported that, within the constraints of current licensing systems, alcohol availability may be contained (at least in theory) but cannot be reduced, because existing businesses cannot be closed on availability grounds. In this ‘supportive’ approach, public health stakeholders supplied licensing teams with data on request or waited for guidance from licensing teams on when and how to get involved. Therefore, public health action supported the licensing team in their aim of promoting ‘safe’ and ‘responsible’ retailing of alcohol and/or focused on short-term outcomes other than health, such as crime. (3) Some public health stakeholders favoured a ‘collaborative’ approach in which they worked in close partnership with licensing teams; this could include a focus on containing availability or responsible retail of alcohol, or both.
Conclusions
In engaging with alcohol licensing, public health stakeholders adapted their approaches, sometimes resulting in a diminished focus on public health goals. Sampling did not include lower-activity areas, in which experiences might differ. The extent to which current licensing systems enable achievement of public health goals is questionable and the effectiveness of public health efforts merits quantitative evaluation.
Study registration
The study is registered with the Research Registry as researchregistry6162.
Funding
This project was funded by the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Public Health Research programme and will be published in Public Health Research. See the NIHR Journals Library website for further project information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel O’Donnell
- Institute for Social Marketing and Health, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
| | - Andrea Mohan
- School of Health Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Richard Purves
- Institute for Social Marketing and Health, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
| | - Nason Maani
- Department of Health Services Research and Policy, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- SPECTRUM Consortium, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Matt Egan
- Department of Health Services Research and Policy, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Niamh Fitzgerald
- Institute for Social Marketing and Health, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
- SPECTRUM Consortium, Edinburgh, UK
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14
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Alpert HR, Slater ME, Yoon YH, Chen CM, Winstanley N, Esser MB. Alcohol Consumption and 15 Causes of Fatal Injuries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Am J Prev Med 2022; 63:286-300. [PMID: 35581102 PMCID: PMC9347063 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2022.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The proportion of fatal nontraffic injuries that involve high levels of alcohol use or alcohol intoxication was assessed by cause of injury to generate alcohol-attributable fractions. Updated alcohol-attributable fractions can contribute to improved estimates of the public health impact of excessive alcohol use. METHODS Peer-reviewed and gray literature for 1995-2019 on 15 causes of fatal nontraffic injuries in the U.S., Canada, or Mexico were systematically reviewed, and state data systems were queried for available estimates of fatalities with recorded blood alcohol concentration levels and proportions of decedents with blood alcohol concentrations ≥0.10 g/dL by cause of injury. For each injury cause, alcohol-attributable fractions across studies were synthesized by meta-analysis of single proportions using generalized linear mixed models. RESULTS In total, 60 published studies and 40 additional population-level data points from 6 state data systems were included. The meta-analyzed alcohol-attributable fractions by cause of injury are as follows: air-space transport (0.03), aspiration (0.24), child maltreatment (0.09), drowning (0.31), fall injuries (0.37), fire injuries (0.34), firearm injuries (0.24), homicide (0.29), hypothermia (0.29), motor vehicle nontraffic crashes (0.42), occupational and machine injuries (0.08), other road vehicle crashes (railroad trespasser injuries) (0.63), poisoning (not alcohol) (0.20), suicide (0.21), and water transport (0.27), yielding an overall median alcohol-attributable fraction of 0.27. DISCUSSION Excessive alcohol use is associated with substantial proportions of violent and nonviolent injury deaths. These findings can improve the data used for estimating alcohol-attributable injury deaths and inform the planning and implementation of evidence-based strategies (e.g., increasing alcohol taxes, regulating alcohol outlet density) to prevent them.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Marissa B Esser
- Division of Population Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
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15
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Foster S, Gmel G, Mohler-Kuo M. Young Swiss men's risky single-occasion drinking: Identifying those who do not respond to stricter alcohol policy environments. Drug Alcohol Depend 2022; 234:109410. [PMID: 35364420 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2022.109410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous research has demonstrated a preventive effect of the alcohol policy environment on alcohol consumption. However, little is known about the heterogeneity of this effect. Our aim was to examine the extent of heterogeneity in the relationship between the strictness of alcohol policy environments and heavy drinking and to identify potential moderators of the relationship. METHODS Cross-sectional data from 5986 young Swiss men participating in the cohort study on substance use risk factors (C-SURF) were analysed. The primary outcome was self-reported risky single-occasion drinking in the past 12 months (RSOD, defined as 6 standard drinks or more on a single occasion at least monthly). A previously-used index of alcohol policy environment strictness across Swiss cantons was analysed in conjunction with 21 potential moderator variables. Random forest machine learning captured high-dimensional interaction effects, while individual conditional expectations captured the heterogeneity induced by the interaction effects and identified moderators. RESULTS Predicted subject-specific absolute risk reductions in RSOD risk ranged from 16.8% to - 4.2%, indicating considerable heterogeneity. Sensation seeking and antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) were major moderators that reduced the preventive relationship between stricter alcohol policy environments and RSOD risk. They also were associated with the paradoxical observation that some individuals displayed increased RSOD risk in stricter alcohol policy environments. CONCLUSION Whereas stricter alcohol policy environments were associated with reduced average RSOD risk, additionally addressing the risk conveyed by sensation seeking and ASPD would deliver an interlocking prevention mix against young Swiss men's RSOD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Foster
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (KJPP), University Hospital of Psychiatry Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Gerhard Gmel
- Addiction Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland, Addiction Switzerland, Lausanne, Switzerland, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, University of the West of England, Frenchay Campus, Bristol, UK
| | - Meichun Mohler-Kuo
- La Source, School of nursing sciences, HES-SO University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Western Switzerland, Lausanne, Switzerland, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (KJPP), University Hospital of Psychiatry Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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16
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Greene N, Johnson RM, Rosen J, German D, Cohen JE. Exploring the relationship between the alcohol policy environment and nondiscrimination laws: Implications for binge drinking disparities among LGB adults in the United States. Drug Alcohol Depend 2021; 225:108749. [PMID: 34049096 PMCID: PMC8282708 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2021.108749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol policies reduce population-level binge drinking; however, they may not reduce binge drinking disparities between different populations. We examined the association between the alcohol policy environment and binge drinking among Lesbian, Gay and Bisexual (LGB) and heterosexual adults in the presence and absence of state laws protecting LGB people from discrimination. METHODS The 2015-2018 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) provided information about individual-level binge drinking, sexual identity, and individual-level covariates. The Alcohol Policy Scale (APS) score measures the strength of the alcohol policy environment. Presence of state-level nondiscrimination protections based on sexual orientation came from the Movement Advancement Project. Logistic regression models were used to test whether nondiscrimination statutes modified the association between the alcohol policy environment and binge drinking and whether this interaction differed for LGB and heterosexual adults. RESULTS Among women, a 10 percentage-point increase in APS score was significantly associated with 7% lower odds of binge drinking in states with inclusive nondiscrimination laws (aOR: 0.93 [95% CI: 0.89-0.97; p = 0.0003]) but was not associated with binge drinking in states without inclusive laws (aOR: 0.98 [95% CI: 0.93-1.03] p = 0.4781). Moreover, binge drinking disparities comparing lesbian/bisexual women with heterosexual women were narrower in states with inclusive nondiscrimination laws. No significant association was found among men. CONCLUSIONS Binge drinking disparities between lesbian and heterosexual women are negligible in states with inclusive laws and strong alcohol policy environments. Inclusive nondiscrimination laws are an indicator of less structural stigma directed at lesbian and bisexual women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Greene
- Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, 624 N. Broadway Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205, United States.
| | - Renee M. Johnson
- Department of Mental Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 624 N. Broadway Street, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Joanne Rosen
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, 624 N. Broadway Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205, United States.
| | - Danielle German
- Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, 624 N. Broadway Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205, United States.
| | - Joanna E. Cohen
- Department of Health, Behavior and Society; Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University; 624 N. Broadway Street, Baltimore, MD 21205
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17
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Tran A, Manthey J, Lange S, Jiang H, Štelemėkas M, Liutkutė-Gumarov V, Meščeriakova-Veliulienė O, Petkevičienė J, Radišauskas R, Telksnys T, Rehm J. Alcohol control policies add to secular trends in all-cause mortality rates in young adults. Sci Rep 2021; 11:15127. [PMID: 34302018 PMCID: PMC8302690 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94562-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol consumption is a major risk factor for premature mortality. Although alcohol control policies are known to impact all-cause mortality rates, the effect that policies have on specific age groups is an important area of research. This study investigates the effect of alcohol control policies implemented in 2009 and 2017 in Lithuania on all-cause mortality rates. All-cause mortality rates (deaths per 100,000 people) were obtained for 2001–2018 by 10-year age groups (20–29, 30–39, 40–49 years, etc.). All-cause mortality rates, independent of macro-level secular trends (e.g., economic trends) were examined. Following a joinpoint analysis to control for secular trends, an interrupted time series analysis showed that alcohol control policies had a significant effect on all-cause mortality rates (p = .018), with the most significant impact occurring among young adults (20–29 and 30–39 years of age). For these age groups, their mortality rate decreased during the 12 months following policy implementation (following the policy in 2009 for those 20–29 years of age, p = .0026, and following the policy in 2017 for those 30–39 years of age, p = .011). The results indicate that alcohol control policy can impact all-cause mortality rates, above and beyond secular trends, and that the impact is significant among young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Tran
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), 33 Russell Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 2S1, Canada.
| | - Jakob Manthey
- Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität Dresden, Chemnitzer Str. 46, 01187, Dresden, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Center for Interdisciplinary Addiction Research (ZIS), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Semmelweisstraße 10, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Shannon Lange
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), 33 Russell Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 2S1, Canada.,Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, CAMH, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - Huan Jiang
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), 33 Russell Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 2S1, Canada.,Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, 155 College Street, 6th Floor, Toronto, ON, M5T 3M7, Canada
| | - Mindaugas Štelemėkas
- Health Research Institute, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilžės 18, 44307, Kaunas, Lithuania.,Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilžės 18, 44307, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Vaida Liutkutė-Gumarov
- Health Research Institute, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilžės 18, 44307, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Olga Meščeriakova-Veliulienė
- Department of Health Management, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilžės 18, 44307, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Janina Petkevičienė
- Health Research Institute, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilžės 18, 44307, Kaunas, Lithuania.,Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilžės 18, 44307, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Ričardas Radišauskas
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilžės 18, 44307, Kaunas, Lithuania.,Institute of Cardiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukilėlių av. 15, 50162, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Tadas Telksnys
- Health Research Institute, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilžės 18, 44307, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Jürgen Rehm
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), 33 Russell Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 2S1, Canada.,Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität Dresden, Chemnitzer Str. 46, 01187, Dresden, Germany.,Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, CAMH, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5T 1R8, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, 250 College Street, 8th Floor, Toronto, ON, M5T 1R8, Canada.,Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, 155 College Street, 6th Floor, Toronto, ON, M5T 3M7, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science (IMS), University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building, 1 King's College Circle, Room 2374, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada.,Department of International Health Projects, Institute for Leadership and Health Management, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Trubetskaya str., 8, b. 2, Moscow, Russian Federation, 119992
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18
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Greene N, Tomedi LE, Cox ME, Mello E, Esser MB. Alcohol testing and alcohol involvement among violent deaths by state, 2014-2016. Prev Med 2021; 148:106527. [PMID: 33745953 PMCID: PMC9159354 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2021.106527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Blood alcohol concentration (BAC) testing rates vary across states, potentially biasing estimates of alcohol involvement in violent deaths. The National Violent Death Reporting System (NVDRS) collects information on violent deaths, including decedents' BACs. This study assessed characteristics of violent deaths by BAC testing status, and the proportion of decedents with a positive BAC or BAC ≥ 0.08 g/dL. NVDRS data from 2014 to 2016 (2014: 18 states; 2015: 27 states; 2016: 32 states) were analyzed to assess BAC testing (tested, not tested, unknown/missing) by state, decedent characteristics, and death investigation system (e.g., state medical examiner, coroners), in 2019. The proportion of violent deaths with a BAC > 0.0 or ≥ 0.08 g/dL was also assessed. Among 95,390 violent death decedents, 57.1% had a BAC test (range: 9.5% in Georgia to 95.8% in Utah), 2.3% were not tested, and 40.6% had an unknown/missing BAC testing status (range: 1.3% in Alaska to 78.0% in Georgia). Decedents who were 21-44 years, American Indian/Alaska Native or Hispanic, died by poisoning, died by undetermined intent, or were investigated by a state medical examiner were most likely to receive BAC testing. Among the violent deaths with a reported BAC, 41.1% had a positive BAC and 27.7% had a BAC ≥ 0.08 g/dL. About 2 in 5 violent deaths were missing data on alcohol testing. Increased testing and reporting of alcohol among violent deaths could inform the development and use of evidence-based prevention strategies (e.g., increasing alcohol taxes, regulating alcohol outlet density) for reducing violent deaths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Greene
- Department of Health, Behavior, and Society, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Laura E Tomedi
- The ECHO Institute, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, Mexico.
| | - Mary E Cox
- Division of Public Health, North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Elizabeth Mello
- Bureau of Alcohol and Drug Use Prevention, Care, and Treatment, New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, Long Island City, NY, United States; Office of Integrated Surveillance and Informatics Services, Bureau of Infectious Disease and Laboratory Sciences, Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Marissa B Esser
- Division of Population Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
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19
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Hipp TN, Borgman RA, Gilmore D, Swartout KM. Exploring the relationship between strip clubs and rates of sexual violence and violent crime. JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2021; 49:962-979. [PMID: 33038901 DOI: 10.1002/jcop.22376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
AIMS We examined whether (a) the number of strip clubs per capita and (b) the proportion of clubs with "high-risk characteristics" were significantly associated with rates of sexual violence (SV) and other violent crime at the county level. METHODS Using large, public data sets, we tested effects across 926 counties (13 U.S. states), controlling for percent below the poverty line and alcohol outlets per capita. RESULTS We found that rates of strip clubs were significantly associated with violent crime, but not SV, in all but one model (accounting for Saturday hours). Counties with greater proportions of "high-risk" strip clubs (i.e., greater days and hours of operation, drink specials, full-nudity policies, or private rooms) have higher rates of SV. All models, except the full-nudity policy model, demonstrated increased rates of violent crime. CONCLUSIONS These results provide information for community-level violence prevention and equips stakeholders with information to create safer communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracy N Hipp
- Department of Psychology, University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Robyn A Borgman
- Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Devin Gilmore
- Georgia Family Connections Partnership, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Kevin M Swartout
- Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia
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20
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Greene N, Johnson RM, German D, Rosen J, Cohen JE. State-Level Alcohol Environments and Sexual Identity Disparities in Binge Drinking in the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. LGBT Health 2021; 8:190-200. [PMID: 33538642 DOI: 10.1089/lgbt.2020.0182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Binge drinking disparities by sexual identity are well documented. Stronger alcohol policy environments reduce binge drinking in the general population. We examined whether state-level alcohol policy environments have the same association with binge drinking among lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) adults as among heterosexual adults. Methods: Binge drinking, sexual identity, and demographic characteristics were extracted from the 2015 to 2018 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. The strength of the alcohol policy environment was measured by using the Alcohol Policy Scale (APS) score. We estimated the association between APS score and binge drinking by using logistic regression and included an interaction term between APS score and sexual identity. Results: The interaction between APS score and sexual identity was not significant, and findings differed between women and men. Among women, a higher APS score was associated with lower odds of binge drinking (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 0.96, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.94-0.99). Differences in binge drinking by sexual identity remained after adjusting for individual and state-level factors (e.g., the percentage of LGB adults in the state). Compared with heterosexual women, the odds of binge drinking were 43% higher (aOR: 1.43, 95% CI: 1.17-1.75) among lesbian women and 58% higher (aOR: 1.58, 95% CI: 1.40-1.79) among bisexual women. A higher APS score was not associated with binge drinking among men. Conclusion: Stronger state-level alcohol policy environments were associated with lower binge drinking among women. Lesbian and bisexual women were still more likely to engage in binge drinking compared with heterosexual women even in states with stronger alcohol policy environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Greene
- Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Renee M Johnson
- Department of Mental Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Danielle German
- Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Joanne Rosen
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Joanna E Cohen
- Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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22
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Blanchette JG, Lira MC, Heeren TC, Naimi TS. Alcohol Policies in U.S. States, 1999-2018. J Stud Alcohol Drugs 2020. [PMID: 32048602 DOI: 10.15288/jsad.2020.81.58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE U.S. policymakers and public health practitioners lack composite indicators (indices) to assess and compare the restrictiveness of state-level alcohol policy environments, conceptualized as the presence of multiple policies in effect in a particular place and time. The purposes of this study were to characterize the alcohol policy environment in each U.S. state and Washington, DC, in 2018, and to examine changes during the past 20 years. METHOD State-specific Alcohol Policy Scale (APS) scores from 1999 to 2018 were based on 29 policies, after weighting each present policy by its efficacy and degree of implementation. Modified APS scores were also calculated on the basis of two sets of mutually exclusive policy subgroups. RESULTS APS scores in 2018 varied considerably between states, ranging from 25.6 to 67.9 on a theoretical scale of 0 to 100; the median score was 43.5 (based on a 0-100 range), and 43 states had scores less than 50. The median change in state APS scores from 1999 to 2018 was positive (+4.9, range: -7.4 to +10.3), indicating increases in the restrictiveness of policy environments, with decreases in only five states. The increases in APS scores were primarily attributable to the implementation of stronger impaired-driving laws, whereas policies to reduce excessive drinking were unchanged. There was no correlation between states' excessive drinking policy scores and their impaired-driving scores (r = .05, p = .74). CONCLUSIONS Based on this policy scale, few states have restrictive policy environments. Although states adopted policies targeting impaired driving during the study period, there was no change in policies to reduce excessive drinking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason G Blanchette
- Department of Health Law, Policy & Management, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Marlene C Lira
- Clinical Addiction Research and Education (CARE) Unit, Section of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Timothy C Heeren
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Timothy S Naimi
- Clinical Addiction Research and Education (CARE) Unit, Section of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Community Health Sciences, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
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23
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Calvo E, Medina JT, Ornstein KA, Staudinger UM, Fried LP, Keyes KM. Cross-country and historical variation in alcohol consumption among older men and women: Leveraging recently harmonized survey data in 21 countries. Drug Alcohol Depend 2020; 215:108219. [PMID: 32795884 PMCID: PMC7585691 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2020.108219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2019] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol consumption causes greater harm in older than younger adults. As the population ages, understanding cross-country and time-varying drinking patterns of older adults is of critical importance. Available evidence relies primarily on ecological data. METHODS We harmonized survey data for 179,881 adults age 50+ observed repeatedly between 1998 and 2016 in 21 countries. Next, we estimated historical variation in consumption across countries (overall and stratified by gender and age group 50-64/65+). RESULTS On average, 51.95 % of older adults consumed any alcohol over the observed period. For 13 countries, the proportion of older adults who drink increased (mean annual increase: 0.76 percent points). Heavy drinking (men drinks/day>3 or binge>5, women drinks/day>2 or binge>4) peaked at 23.54 % for England in 2010 and lifetime abstainers at 69.65 % for China in 2011. Across countries and among drinkers, consumption frequency was 2.57 days/week, the number of standard drink units when drinking was 2.57, and the average number of drinks/day over a week was 1.12. Consumption patterns varied substantially across countries and historical time. Overall probability and frequency of consumption were higher in men than women, with the largest gaps observed in 2011 for China, but gender gaps decreased (even reversed) in the young old and varied across country and time. CONCLUSIONS Wide variation in older adults' alcohol consumption across countries and time suggests that broad scale prevention and intervention efforts can be harnessed for potential population-level health benefits. Further variation by gender and age reflect physiological and social factors simultaneously shaping alcohol consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esteban Calvo
- Department of Epidemiology and Robert N. Butler Columbia Aging Center, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States; Society and Health Research Center and Laboratory on Aging and Social Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Facultad de Humanidades, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile.
| | - José T Medina
- Laboratory on Aging and Social Epidemiology, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Katherine A Ornstein
- Geriatrics and Palliative Medicine and Institute for Translational Epidemiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Ursula M Staudinger
- Robert N. Butler Columbia Aging Center and Department of Sociomedical Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Linda P Fried
- Department of Epidemiology and Robert N. Butler Columbia Aging Center, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Katherine M Keyes
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States of America. Society and Health Research Center, Facultad de Humanidades, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
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Wicki M, Bertholet N, Gmel G. Estimated changes in hospital admissions for alcohol intoxication after partial bans on off-premises sales of alcoholic beverages in the canton of Vaud, Switzerland: an interrupted time-series analysis. Addiction 2020; 115:1459-1469. [PMID: 31925836 DOI: 10.1111/add.14967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To estimate age-specific changes in hospital admissions for alcohol intoxication following two consecutive restrictions on off-premises alcohol sales introduced in the canton of Vaud, Switzerland. DESIGN Primary analyses used interrupted autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) time-series analyses (repeated cross-sectional), with Lausanne and Vaud as experimental sites and the rest of Switzerland as the control. Secondary analyses used, for example, a different control site (other French-speaking cantons only) or a different statistical model. SETTING Switzerland between 2010 and 2016. PARTICIPANTS In-patients (i.e. patients assigned a bed overnight) hospitalized between 8 p.m. and 6 a.m. (n = 1 261 564), as documented in the Swiss Hospital Statistics. INTERVENTIONS Ban 1, only effective in the canton's capital, Lausanne, prohibited off-premises sales of all alcoholic beverages after 8 p.m. on Fridays and Saturdays from September 2013 to June 2015. In July 2015, Ban 2 replaced this, covered the whole canton and affected off-premises sales of beer and spirits (but not wine) after 9 p.m. (8 p.m. in Lausanne) every night of the week. MEASUREMENTS Proportions of monthly hospital admissions for alcohol intoxication (ICD-10 diagnoses F10.0/F10.1, T51.0) per 1000 monthly overall admissions. FINDINGS Proportions of overall hospitalizations for alcohol intoxication declined after both bans in Lausanne [ωBan1 = -0.017, 95% confidence interval (CI) = -0.025, -0.008; ωBan2 = -0.021, 95% CI = -0.030, -0.013] but only after Ban 2 in the remainder of the canton of Vaud (ωBan2 = -0.008, 95% CI = -0.014, -0.002). Estimated changes in % were largest among 16-19-year-olds. However, as admission rates for alcohol intoxication were more frequent in adulthood than adolescence, the estimated change in number of cases was also relevant to public health among 20-69-year-olds. Secondary analyses supported the findings of the primary analyses. CONCLUSION Even partial restrictions of off-premises sales of alcohol in Switzerland (only 2 days per week or only for beer and spirits) appeared to reduce hospital admissions for alcohol intoxication across a wide age range (ages 16-69 years).
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Wicki
- Addiction Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Addiction Switzerland, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Bertholet
- Addiction Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Gerhard Gmel
- Addiction Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Addiction Switzerland, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,University of the West of England, Bristol, UK
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25
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Ghanem L, Lee JP, Sumetsky N, Pagano A, Gruenewald P, Mair C. Place management in off-premise alcohol outlets: Results of a multi-methods study in a six-city California area. THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DRUG POLICY 2020; 80:102735. [PMID: 32416539 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2020.102735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Associations between neighborhood crime and alcohol outlets are often theorized as resulting from poor place management. Barriers and supports to place management have been examined for on-premise (bars, restaurants) but not for off-premise alcohol outlets. Few studies have assessed place management issues across a range of off-premise outlet and neighborhood types, and none have included the perspectives of off-premise outlet managers themselves. Combining qualitative and quantitative methods within an ethnographic approach, we investigated barriers and supports to place management across off-premise outlets in a large urban area. METHODS We unobtrusively assessed outlet operating characteristics including crime prevention strategies at all 403 off-premise outlets in six contiguous California cities; interviewed managers in 40 outlets; and conducted extensive naturalistic observations in 15 of these 40 outlets. We analyzed data for frequencies and thematic content. RESULTS Small and independently operated off-premise outlets were the most common type of outlet in our study, but demonstrated fewer resources and more challenges to place management compared to large and chain establishments. Security guards were more observed in large and chain outlets. Small and independent outlets were more likely to post signs prohibiting loitering and to enable surveillance of interior spaces. Problems most commonly cited by managers were theft and loitering. Challenges to place management included physical and verbal threats from customers and intoxicated persons, and insufficient law enforcement. Managers evidenced some ability to assert authority over interior, private space, but less so over exterior, public space. CONCLUSIONS Although tasked with maintaining public health and safety, small and independent store managers reported challenges that are seldom acknowledged in policy or research literature. Managers may provide valuable insights on preventing and reducing neighborhood-level problems associated with off-premise alcohol outlets. Local communities should consider enhancing place management resources for managers of small and independent outlets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Ghanem
- Prevention Research Center, Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation, 2150 Shattuck Avenue #601, Berkeley CA 94704, United States.
| | - Juliet P Lee
- Prevention Research Center, Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation, 2150 Shattuck Avenue #601, Berkeley CA 94704, United States.
| | - Natalie Sumetsky
- School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, 6136 Public Health, 130 DeSoto Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States.
| | - Anna Pagano
- Prevention Research Center, Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation, 2150 Shattuck Avenue #601, Berkeley CA 94704, United States.
| | - Paul Gruenewald
- Prevention Research Center, Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation, 2150 Shattuck Avenue #601, Berkeley CA 94704, United States.
| | - Christina Mair
- School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, 6136 Public Health, 130 DeSoto Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States.
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26
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Calvert C, Joshi S, Erickson D, McKee P, Toomey T, Nelson T, Jones-Webb R. Effects of Restricting High Alcohol Content Beverages on Crime in California. Subst Use Misuse 2020; 55:481-490. [PMID: 31694462 PMCID: PMC7002181 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2019.1686020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Background: Policy restrictions on malt liquor sales have been adopted in several cities throughout the United States in an effort to reduce crime around off-premise alcohol outlets. Although California has implemented the most restrictions on malt liquor sales, no studies in the published literature have evaluated the effects of these policies on reducing crime. Objectives: We evaluated the effectiveness of malt liquor restrictions on reducing crime around off-premise alcohol outlets in six California cities. We hypothesized that adoption of malt liquor policies would be significantly associated with decreases in crime within areas surrounding targeted outlets. Methods: We used an interrupted time-series design with control areas to examine the relationship between malt liquor policies and crime reduction. We compared crime rates three years prior and following adoption of malt liquor policies. Results: Malt liquor policies were associated with modest decreases in crime, largely Part II or less serious crimes such as simple assaults. The effectiveness of malt liquor policies varied by city, with reductions in crime greatest in Sacramento where policies were more restrictive than in other cities. Malt liquor policies were also associated with small increases in nuisance crime, especially in San Francisco. Conclusion: Results suggest that malt liquor policies may have modest effects on reducing crime when they include strong restrictions on the sale of malt liquor products. Results may be informative to other cities considering whether to maintain or change their malt liquor policies as well as cities considering placing restrictions on other high content beverages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Collin Calvert
- School of Public Health, Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Spruha Joshi
- School of Public Health, Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Darin Erickson
- School of Public Health, Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Patricia McKee
- School of Public Health, Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Traci Toomey
- School of Public Health, Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Toben Nelson
- School of Public Health, Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Rhonda Jones-Webb
- School of Public Health, Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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27
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Blanchette JG, Lira MC, Heeren TC, Naimi TS. Alcohol Policies in U.S. States, 1999-2018. J Stud Alcohol Drugs 2020; 81:58-67. [PMID: 32048602 PMCID: PMC7024811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE U.S. policymakers and public health practitioners lack composite indicators (indices) to assess and compare the restrictiveness of state-level alcohol policy environments, conceptualized as the presence of multiple policies in effect in a particular place and time. The purposes of this study were to characterize the alcohol policy environment in each U.S. state and Washington, DC, in 2018, and to examine changes during the past 20 years. METHOD State-specific Alcohol Policy Scale (APS) scores from 1999 to 2018 were based on 29 policies, after weighting each present policy by its efficacy and degree of implementation. Modified APS scores were also calculated on the basis of two sets of mutually exclusive policy subgroups. RESULTS APS scores in 2018 varied considerably between states, ranging from 25.6 to 67.9 on a theoretical scale of 0 to 100; the median score was 43.5 (based on a 0-100 range), and 43 states had scores less than 50. The median change in state APS scores from 1999 to 2018 was positive (+4.9, range: -7.4 to +10.3), indicating increases in the restrictiveness of policy environments, with decreases in only five states. The increases in APS scores were primarily attributable to the implementation of stronger impaired-driving laws, whereas policies to reduce excessive drinking were unchanged. There was no correlation between states' excessive drinking policy scores and their impaired-driving scores (r = .05, p = .74). CONCLUSIONS Based on this policy scale, few states have restrictive policy environments. Although states adopted policies targeting impaired driving during the study period, there was no change in policies to reduce excessive drinking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason G. Blanchette
- Department of Health Law, Policy & Management, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Marlene C. Lira
- Clinical Addiction Research and Education (CARE) Unit, Section of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Timothy C. Heeren
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Timothy S. Naimi
- Clinical Addiction Research and Education (CARE) Unit, Section of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
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28
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Merrell E, Johnson B. A proposal for an alcohol purchase license. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF DRUG AND ALCOHOL ABUSE 2019; 46:143-148. [PMID: 31689140 DOI: 10.1080/00952990.2019.1676432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Background: Recent advances in technology have allowed for innovative targeting of high-risk alcohol users.Objectives: We propose the implementation of an alcohol purchase license linked to a state agency managed database, or so-called Banned Drinker Register (BDR).Methods: Individuals who are unable to drink safely will be identified by a well-founded criterion and their ability to purchase alcohol proscribed. A state agency will be responsible for maintaining the BDR and compiling mandated reports from hospitals, courts, police and child protective agencies of alcohol-related dangerous behavior, adjudicating reports with the input of those involved in these events, and determining which individuals will not be allowed to purchase alcohol. Outlets of alcohol sales will then be required to assess customers for eligibility of alcohol purchase using an electronic card reader (as used for age verification). Individuals wanting to protect themselves from drinking may also self-request to be placed on the BDR.Results: Overall, the convenience/access for persons who injure themselves with alcohol and others with intoxicated behavior would be reduced. Opportunities for cost savings would come from a decrease in yearly incarcerations, a reduction in preventable traffic accidents and property damage requiring state municipal intervention, a decreased cost to offending individuals by preventing increased insurance rates, loss of jobs to incarceration and loss of potential future wages, and the possibility of preventing long term medical complications of chronic alcohol use and its toll on the health care system.Conclusions: Health benefits will include increased public safety and awareness about drinking consequences and reduced alcohol-related morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Merrell
- Department of Psychiatry, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Brian Johnson
- Department of Psychiatry, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
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29
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Ventura-Cots M, Ballester-Ferré MP, Ravi S, Bataller R. Public health policies and alcohol-related liver disease. JHEP Rep 2019; 1:403-413. [PMID: 32039391 PMCID: PMC7005647 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2019.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol-related liver disease (ALD) represents a major public health problem worldwide. According to the World Health Organization, the highest levels of per capita alcohol consumption are observed in countries of the European Region. Alcohol consumption is also alarmingly increasing in developing countries. ALD is one of the main contributors to the burden of alcohol-attributable deaths and disability. In the United States, severe forms of ALD such alcoholic hepatitis have increased in the last decade and in the United Kingdom, three-quarters of liver-related mortality results from alcohol consumption. Besides genetic factors, there is strong evidence that the amount of alcohol consumed plays a major role in the development of advanced ALD. Establishing effective public health policies is therefore mandatory to reduce the burden of ALD. Since the 90s, major public health institutions and governments have developed a variety of policies in order to reduce the harm caused by excessive drinking. These policies encompass multiple factors, from pricing and taxation to advertising regulation. Measures focused on taxation and price regulation have been shown to be the most effective at reducing alcohol-related mortality. However, there are few studies focused on the effect of public policies on ALD. This review article summarises the factors influencing ALD burden and the role of different public health policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meritxell Ventura-Cots
- Center for Liver Diseases, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Samhita Ravi
- Center for Liver Diseases, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ramon Bataller
- Center for Liver Diseases, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Corrales-Gutierrez I, Mendoza R, Gomez-Baya D, Leon-Larios F. Pregnant Women's Risk Perception of the Teratogenic Effects of Alcohol Consumption in Pregnancy. J Clin Med 2019; 8:E907. [PMID: 31242606 PMCID: PMC6617049 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8060907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
There is ample evidence of the teratogenic effects of prenatal alcohol exposure, with long-term consequences throughout the entire life cycle. Nevertheless, research on risk perception of alcohol consumption among pregnant women is scarce. In order to analyze risk perception of alcohol consumption during pregnancy, a cross-sectional study was conducted with a random sample of 426 pregnant women (in their 20th week of gestation) receiving care at the outpatient clinics of a public university hospital in the southern European city of Seville (Spain). Data were collected through structured face-to-face interviews conducted by trained health professionals using a customized questionnaire. Data analysis included structural equation modeling. Only 48.1% of the sample indicated that the sequelae from alcohol consumption during pregnancy were life-long. The structural equation model showed that a lower risk perception about beer and wine consumption, and a lower educational level, were related to more frequent alcohol consumption. Younger participants showed lower risk perception concerning beer consumption. Higher levels of education were related to a greater risk perception of beer. Healthcare institutions should articulate programs that facilitate health advice regarding alcohol consumption during pregnancy, particularly when providing care for women with low educational levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Corrales-Gutierrez
- Foetal Medicine Unit, University Hospital Virgen Macarena, 41009 Seville, Spain.
- Department of Surgery, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain.
| | - Ramon Mendoza
- Department of Social, Developmental and Educational Psychology, University of Huelva, 21007 Huelva, Spain.
- Research Group on Health Promotion and Development of Lifestyle across the Life Span, University of Huelva, 21007 Huelva, Spain.
- Center for Research in Contemporary Thought and Innovation for Social Development (COIDESO), University of Huelva, 21007 Huelva, Spain.
| | - Diego Gomez-Baya
- Department of Social, Developmental and Educational Psychology, University of Huelva, 21007 Huelva, Spain.
- Research Group on Health Promotion and Development of Lifestyle across the Life Span, University of Huelva, 21007 Huelva, Spain.
| | - Fatima Leon-Larios
- Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Podiatry, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain.
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31
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Siegfried N, Parry C. Do alcohol control policies work? An umbrella review and quality assessment of systematic reviews of alcohol control interventions (2006 - 2017). PLoS One 2019; 14:e0214865. [PMID: 30969992 PMCID: PMC6457561 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0214865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The 2010 World Health Organization Global Strategy to Reduce the Harmful Use of Alcohol recommends countries adopt evidence-based interventions. AIM To update, summarize, and appraise the methodological rigour of systematic reviews of selected alcohol control interventions in the Strategy. METHODS We searched for systematic reviews across PUBMED, EMBase and The Cochrane Library in 2016 and updated in 2017 with no language limits. Two investigators independently in duplicate conducted screening, eligibility, data extraction, and quality assessment using the ROBIS tool. We categorised interventions according to the WHO recommendations, and rated reviews as at high, low or unclear risk of bias. We applied a hierarchical approach to summarising review results. Where overlap existed we report results of high quality reviews and if none existed, by most recent date of publication. We integrated the ROBIS rating with the results to produce a benefit indication. RESULTS We identified 42 systematic reviews from 5,282 records. Almost all eligible reviews were published in English, one in German and one in Portuguese. Most reviews identified only observational studies (74%; 31/42) with no studies from low or lower-middle income (LMIC) countries. Ten reviews were rated as low risk of bias. Methodological deficiencies included publication and language limits, no duplicate assessment, no assessment of study quality, and no integration of quality into result interpretation. We evaluated the following control measures as possibly beneficial: 1) community mobilization; 2) multi-component interventions in the drinking environment; 3) restricting alcohol advertising; 4) restricting on- and off-premise outlet density; 5) police patrols and ignition locks to reduce drink driving; and 6) increased price and taxation including minimum unit pricing. CONCLUSIONS Robust and well-reported research synthesis is deficient in the alcohol control field despite the availability of clear methodological guidance. The lack of primary and synthesis research arising from LMIC should be prioritised globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nandi Siegfried
- Alcohol, Tobacco and Other Drug Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa
| | - Charles Parry
- Alcohol, Tobacco and Other Drug Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa
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Foster S, Gmel G, Mohler-Kuo M. Light and heavy drinking in jurisdictions with different alcohol policy environments. THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DRUG POLICY 2019; 65:86-96. [PMID: 30711804 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2019.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A basic, yet untested tenet underlying alcohol control policies is that they should affect both light and heavy drinking, thereby shifting the entire population in a favourable direction. The aim of this study was to test this assumption in young Swiss men. METHODS Cross-sectional self-reported data - from 5755 young Swiss men participating in the Cohort Study on Substance Use Risk Factors (C-SURF), a large cohort study on young men living within 21 jurisdictions across Switzerland - were analysed via nested logistic regression. With this approach, a set of increasingly-heavy drinking patterns was broken down into a set of nested regression models, each one estimating the probability of heavier drinking, conditional on the lighter drinking pattern. Drinking patterns relating to heavy episodic drinking (HED), heavy volume drinking (HVD) on weekends, and workweek drinking, as well as alcohol use disorder (AUD) were examined. The explanatory variable was a previously-used alcohol policy environment index (APEI) reflecting the number of alcohol control policies implemented in each jurisdiction. Conventional and multilevel logistic regression models were tested, adjusted for age, education, linguistic region, urban/rural status, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, depression, sensation seeking, antisocial personality disorder, and unobserved heterogeneity between jurisdictions. RESULTS For HED, weekend HVD, and AUD, negative relationships with the APEI were found, such that with a higher APEI the probability of lighter drinking patterns was increased while the probability of heavier patterns was reduced, including a reduced probability of the heaviest patterns. These relationships were non-linear, however, and tapered off towards the heavy end of the drinking spectrum. No relationship was identified between the APEI and workweek drinking patterns. CONCLUSION Among young Swiss men, stricter alcohol policy environments were associated with a global shift towards lighter drinking, consistent with the basic tenet behind the universal prevention approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Foster
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (KJPP), University Hospital of Psychiatry Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Swiss Research Institute for Public Health and Addiction at the University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Gerhard Gmel
- Alcohol Treatment Centre, Lausanne University Hospital CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland; Addiction Switzerland, Lausanne, Switzerland; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; University of the West of England, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Meichun Mohler-Kuo
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (KJPP), University Hospital of Psychiatry Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Swiss Research Institute for Public Health and Addiction at the University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; La Source, School of Nursing, University of Applied Sciences and Arts, Western Switzerland, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Marchi J, Mayet A, Chamonaz C, de Laval F, Paul F, Marimoutou C. Differential Impact According to Mission's Operational Intensity on Psychoactive Substance Use: A Retrospective Cohort of French Male Army Service Members. Subst Use Misuse 2019; 54:841-851. [PMID: 30648459 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2018.1547908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stressful deployments in combat areas are known to increase the risk of substance abuse in military personnel. OBJECTIVES The aim of the study was to compare deployment on stressful, high-intensity missions (HIMs) to deployment on low-intensity missions (LIMs) in order to understand factors associated with substance use variations across the mission. METHODS A retrospective cohort study based on a one-shot self-questionnaire was performed four months after their return on two samples of male French Army service members: one returning from an HIM and one from an LIM. The questionnaire focused on tobacco, alcohol, cannabis, cocaine, and psychoactive medication use at three times: before, during, and after the mission. RESULTS During an HIM, the frequency of tobacco use increased, alcohol use remained stable - although 38% declared a decrease in consumption - and illicit drug use decreased. During an LIM, tobacco and alcohol use increased, cannabis use remained stable, and only cocaine and medication use decreased. After their return, use levels among both samples reverted to values similar to those reported before the mission, except for a decrease in tobacco use observed at return from an HIM. The main factors perceived as related to variations were stress in an HIM and low cost in an LIM. Conclusions/importance: The study suggests a differential impact of deployment on substance use according to the operational intensity of the mission. Variations in use are predominant during the mission with a washout effect after returning home.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joffrey Marchi
- a CESPA, Centre d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique des Armées , SSA, Service de Santé des Armées , Marseille , France
| | - Aurélie Mayet
- a CESPA, Centre d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique des Armées , SSA, Service de Santé des Armées , Marseille , France.,b INSERM, IRD, SESSTIM, Sciences Economiques & Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l'Information Médicale , Aix Marseille Univ , Marseille , France
| | - Claire Chamonaz
- c Hôpital d'Instruction des Armées Laveran , Marseille , France
| | - Franck de Laval
- a CESPA, Centre d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique des Armées , SSA, Service de Santé des Armées , Marseille , France
| | - Frédéric Paul
- c Hôpital d'Instruction des Armées Laveran , Marseille , France
| | - Catherine Marimoutou
- a CESPA, Centre d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique des Armées , SSA, Service de Santé des Armées , Marseille , France.,b INSERM, IRD, SESSTIM, Sciences Economiques & Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l'Information Médicale , Aix Marseille Univ , Marseille , France
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Mkuu RS, Barry AE, Swahn MH, Nafukho F. Unrecorded alcohol in East Africa: A case study of Kenya. THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DRUG POLICY 2018; 63:12-17. [PMID: 30453128 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2018.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol misuse contributes substantially to the global morbidity and mortality burden. Unrecorded alcohol, alcohol that is purchased by means which precludes regulation, represents a substantial proportion of the alcohol consumed in East Africa. In Kenya, homebrew also known as traditional brew, has been linked to several fatalities and hospitalizations. Previously banned, the Kenyan government recently legalized homebrew in an effort to regulate and reduce its harm. Despite legalization, however, homebrew continues to be endemic. In this paper, we examine the scope and harm associated with unrecorded alcohol in Kenya, and discuss current policies and interventions aimed at reducing production and consumption of unrecorded alcohol in the Kenyan context that reflect its culture, politics, environment and resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahma S Mkuu
- Texas A&M University, Transdisciplinary Center of Health Equity Research, Department of Health and Kinesiology, Division of Health Education, Blocker Building, Office 311G, College Station, TX 77843-4243, United States.
| | - Adam E Barry
- Texas A&M University, Division of Health Education, Department of Health & Kinesiology, Blocker Bldg., Office 314C, College Station, TX 77843-4243, United States.
| | - Monica H Swahn
- Georgia State University, Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Urban Life Building, 140 Decatur Street, Suite 420, Atlanta, GA 30303, United States.
| | - Fredrick Nafukho
- Texas A&M University, Educational Administration and Human Resource Development, 804B Harrington Office Building, 422, College Station, TX 77843-4243, United States.
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Fitzgerald N, Egan M, de Vocht F, Angus C, Nicholls J, Shortt N, Nichols T, Maani Hessari N, McQuire C, Purves R, Critchlow N, Mohan A, Mahon L, Sumpter C, Bauld L. Exploring the impact of public health teams on alcohol premises licensing in England and Scotland (ExILEnS): procotol for a mixed methods natural experiment evaluation. BMC Med Res Methodol 2018; 18:123. [PMID: 30400776 PMCID: PMC6219046 DOI: 10.1186/s12874-018-0573-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent regulatory changes in the system by which premises are licensed to sell alcohol, have given health representatives a formal role in the process in England and Scotland. The degree to which local public health teams engage with this process varies by locality in both nations, which have different licensing regimes. This study aims to critically assess the impact on alcohol-related harms - and mechanisms - of public health stakeholders' engagement in alcohol premises licensing from 2012 to 2018, comparing local areas with differing types and intensities of engagement, and examining practice in Scotland and England. METHODS The study will recruit 20 local authority areas where public health stakeholders have actively engaged with the alcohol premises licensing system (the 'intervention') and match them to a group of 20 lower activity areas using genetic matching. Four work packages are included: (1) Structured interviews and documentary analysis will examine the type and level of intervention activity from 2012 to 2018, creating a novel composite measure of the intensity of such activity and will assess the local licensing system and potential confounding activities over the same period. In-depth interviews with public health, licensing, police and others will explore perceived mechanisms of change, acceptability, and impact. (2) Using longitudinal growth models and time series analyses, the study will evaluate the impact of high and low levels of activity on alcohol-related harms using routine data from baseline 2009 to 2018. (3) Intervention costs, estimated National Health Service cost savings and health gains will be evaluated using the Sheffield Alcohol Policy Model to estimate impact on alcohol consumption and health inequalities. (4) The study will engage public health teams to create a new theory of change for public health involvement in the licensing process using our data. We will share findings with local, national and international stakeholders. DISCUSSION This interdisciplinary study examines, for the first time, whether and how public health stakeholders' involvement in alcohol licensing impacts on alcohol harms. Using mixed methods and drawing on complex systems thinking, it will make an important contribution to an expanding literature evaluating interventions not suited to traditional epidemiological research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niamh Fitzgerald
- Institute of Social Marketing, UK Centre for Tobacco & Alcohol Studies, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA UK
| | - Matt Egan
- Department of Public Health, Environments and Society, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Frank de Vocht
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Colin Angus
- School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | | | - Niamh Shortt
- School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Tim Nichols
- formerly Brighton & Hove City Council, Brighton, UK
| | - Nason Maani Hessari
- Department of Health Services Research and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Cheryl McQuire
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Richard Purves
- Institute of Social Marketing, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
| | - Nathan Critchlow
- Institute of Social Marketing, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
| | - Andrea Mohan
- Institute of Social Marketing, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
| | | | - Colin Sumpter
- Institute of Social Marketing, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
| | - Linda Bauld
- Institute of Social Marketing, UK Centre for Tobacco & Alcohol Studies, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA UK
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Lefio Á, Bachelet VC, Jiménez-Paneque R, Gomolán P, Rivas K. A systematic review of the effectiveness of interventions to reduce motor vehicle crashes and their injuries among the general and working populations. Rev Panam Salud Publica 2018; 42:e60. [PMID: 31093088 PMCID: PMC6386148 DOI: 10.26633/rpsp.2018.60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To summarize the best available international scientific evidence on the effectiveness of interventions to reduce motor vehicle collisions and their consequences among the working and general populations. METHODS A broad and systematic review was conducted of the literature available in biomedical databases and grey literature. At least two investigators working in parallel performed data extraction, synthesis, and risk of bias analysis. RESULTS Forty-one studies with low to moderate risk of bias were included. Of these, 18 had an ecological design (time series), 10 were quasi-experimental, one was a population survey, one was a randomized clinical trial, and 11 were systematic reviews. CONCLUSIONS The interventions that most consistently show a positive effect on incidence, morbidity, and mortality due to motor vehicle collisions are national policies or programs that: regulate, enforce, and penalize driving under the influence of alcohol; improve driving safety and driver conditions; improve road infrastructure with the purpose of preventing collisions; and educate and penalize drivers with a history of road violations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro Lefio
- Escuela de Salud Pública, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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38
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Mewton L, Visontay R, Chapman C, Newton N, Slade T, Kay-Lambkin F, Teesson M. Universal prevention of alcohol and drug use: An overview of reviews in an Australian context. Drug Alcohol Rev 2018; 37 Suppl 1:S435-S469. [DOI: 10.1111/dar.12694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Louise Mewton
- Centre of Research Excellence in Mental Health and Substance Use; National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales; Sydney Australia
| | - Rachel Visontay
- Centre of Research Excellence in Mental Health and Substance Use; National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales; Sydney Australia
| | - Cath Chapman
- Centre of Research Excellence in Mental Health and Substance Use; National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales; Sydney Australia
| | - Nicola Newton
- Centre of Research Excellence in Mental Health and Substance Use; National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales; Sydney Australia
| | - Tim Slade
- Centre of Research Excellence in Mental Health and Substance Use; National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales; Sydney Australia
| | - Frances Kay-Lambkin
- Centre of Research Excellence in Mental Health and Substance Use; National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales; Sydney Australia
| | - Maree Teesson
- Centre of Research Excellence in Mental Health and Substance Use; National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales; Sydney Australia
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Anderson P, Jané-Llopis E, Hasan OSM, Rehm J. City-based action to reduce harmful alcohol use: review of reviews. F1000Res 2018; 7:120. [PMID: 29862017 PMCID: PMC5843824 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.13783.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The World Health Organization global strategy on alcohol called for municipal policies to reduce the harmful use of alcohol. Yet, there is limited evidence that documents the impact of city-level alcohol policies. Methods: Review of reviews for all years to July 2017. Searches on OVID Medline, Healthstar, Embase, PsycINFO, AMED, Social Work Abstracts, CAB Abstracts, Mental Measurements Yearbook, Health and Psychosocial Instruments, International Pharmaceutical Abstracts, International Political Science Abstracts, NASW Clinical Register, and Epub Ahead of Print databases. All reviews that address adults, without language or date restrictions resulting from combining the terms ("review" or "literature review" or "review literature" or "data pooling" or "comparative study" or "systematic review" or "meta-analysis" or "pooled analysis"), and "alcohol", and "intervention" and ("municipal" or "city" or "community"). Results: Five relevant reviews were identified. Studies in the reviews were all from high income countries and focussed on the acute consequences of drinking, usually with one target intervention, commonly bars, media, or drink-driving. No studies in the reviews reported the impact of comprehensive city-based action. One community cluster randomized controlled trial in Australia, published after the reviews, failed to find convincing evidence of an impact of community-based interventions in reducing adult harmful use of alcohol. Conclusions: To date, with one exception, the impact of adult-oriented comprehensive community and municipal action to reduce the harmful use of alcohol has not been studied. The one exception failed to find a convincing effect. We conclude with recommendations for closing this evidence gap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Anderson
- Institute of Health & Society, Newcastle University, Baddiley-Clark Building, Richardson Road, Newcastle upon Tyne , NE2 4AX, UK
- Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, P. Debyeplein 1, Maastricht, 6221 HA , Netherlands
| | - Eva Jané-Llopis
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, CAMH, 33 Russell Street, Toronto, ON M5S 2S1, Canada
- ESADE Business School, Ramon Llull University, Av. Esplugues 92-96, Barcelona, 08034, Spain
| | - Omer Syed Muhammad Hasan
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, CAMH, 33 Russell Street, Toronto, ON M5S 2S1, Canada
| | - Jürgen Rehm
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, CAMH, 33 Russell Street, Toronto, ON M5S 2S1, Canada
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, CAMH, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science (IMS) , University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building,1 King’s College Circle, Room 2374, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, 250 College Street, 8th Floor, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, 155 College Street, 6th Floor, Toronto, ON M5T 3M7, Canada
- Institute for Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, TU Dresden, Chemnitzer Str. 46, Dresden, 01187 , Germany
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Anderson P, Jané-Llopis E, Hasan OSM, Rehm J. City-based action to reduce harmful alcohol use: review of reviews. F1000Res 2018; 7:120. [PMID: 29862017 PMCID: PMC5843824 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.13783.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The World Health Organization global strategy on alcohol called for municipal policies to reduce the harmful use of alcohol. Yet, there is limited evidence that documents the impact of city-level alcohol policies. Methods: Review of reviews for all years to July 2017. Searches on OVID Medline, Healthstar, Embase, PsycINFO, AMED, Social Work Abstracts, CAB Abstracts, Mental Measurements Yearbook, Health and Psychosocial Instruments, International Pharmaceutical Abstracts, International Political Science Abstracts, NASW Clinical Register, and Epub Ahead of Print databases. All reviews that address adults, without language or date restrictions resulting from combining the terms ("review" or "literature review" or "review literature" or "data pooling" or "comparative study" or "systematic review" or "meta-analysis" or "pooled analysis"), and "alcohol", and "intervention" and ("municipal" or "city" or "community"). Results: Five relevant reviews were identified. Studies in the reviews were all from high income countries and focussed on the acute consequences of drinking, usually with one target intervention, commonly bars, media, or drink-driving. No studies in the reviews reported the impact of comprehensive city-based action. One community cluster randomized controlled trial in Australia, published after the reviews, failed to find convincing evidence of an impact of community-based interventions in reducing adult harmful use of alcohol. Conclusions: To date, with one exception, the impact of adult-oriented comprehensive community and municipal action to reduce the harmful use of alcohol has not been studied. The one exception failed to find a convincing effect. We conclude with recommendations for closing this evidence gap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Anderson
- Institute of Health & Society, Newcastle University, Baddiley-Clark Building, Richardson Road, Newcastle upon Tyne , NE2 4AX, UK
- Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, P. Debyeplein 1, Maastricht, 6221 HA , Netherlands
| | - Eva Jané-Llopis
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, CAMH, 33 Russell Street, Toronto, ON M5S 2S1, Canada
- ESADE Business School, Ramon Llull University, Av. Esplugues 92-96, Barcelona, 08034, Spain
| | - Omer Syed Muhammad Hasan
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, CAMH, 33 Russell Street, Toronto, ON M5S 2S1, Canada
| | - Jürgen Rehm
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, CAMH, 33 Russell Street, Toronto, ON M5S 2S1, Canada
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, CAMH, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science (IMS) , University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building,1 King’s College Circle, Room 2374, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, 250 College Street, 8th Floor, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, 155 College Street, 6th Floor, Toronto, ON M5T 3M7, Canada
- Institute for Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, TU Dresden, Chemnitzer Str. 46, Dresden, 01187 , Germany
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LoConte NK, Brewster AM, Kaur JS, Merrill JK, Alberg AJ. Alcohol and Cancer: A Statement of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. J Clin Oncol 2018; 36:83-93. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2017.76.1155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol drinking is an established risk factor for several malignancies, and it is a potentially modifiable risk factor for cancer. The Cancer Prevention Committee of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) believes that a proactive stance by the Society to minimize excessive exposure to alcohol has important implications for cancer prevention. In addition, the role of alcohol drinking on outcomes in patients with cancer is in its formative stages, and ASCO can play a key role by generating a research agenda. Also, ASCO could provide needed leadership in the cancer community on this issue. In the issuance of this statement, ASCO joins a growing number of international organizations by establishing a platform to support effective public health strategies in this area. The goals of this statement are to: • Promote public education about the risks between alcohol abuse and certain types of cancer; • Support policy efforts to reduce the risk of cancer through evidence-based strategies that prevent excessive use of alcohol; • Provide education to oncology providers about the influence of excessive alcohol use and cancer risks and treatment complications, including clarification of conflicting evidence; and • Identify areas of needed research regarding the relationship between alcohol use and cancer risk and outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noelle K. LoConte
- Noelle K. LoConte, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI; Abenaa M. Brewster, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Judith S. Kaur, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Janette K. Merrill, American Society of Clinical Oncology, Alexandria, VA; and Anthony J. Alberg, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC
| | - Abenaa M. Brewster
- Noelle K. LoConte, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI; Abenaa M. Brewster, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Judith S. Kaur, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Janette K. Merrill, American Society of Clinical Oncology, Alexandria, VA; and Anthony J. Alberg, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC
| | - Judith S. Kaur
- Noelle K. LoConte, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI; Abenaa M. Brewster, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Judith S. Kaur, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Janette K. Merrill, American Society of Clinical Oncology, Alexandria, VA; and Anthony J. Alberg, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC
| | - Janette K. Merrill
- Noelle K. LoConte, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI; Abenaa M. Brewster, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Judith S. Kaur, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Janette K. Merrill, American Society of Clinical Oncology, Alexandria, VA; and Anthony J. Alberg, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC
| | - Anthony J. Alberg
- Noelle K. LoConte, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI; Abenaa M. Brewster, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Judith S. Kaur, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Janette K. Merrill, American Society of Clinical Oncology, Alexandria, VA; and Anthony J. Alberg, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC
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Amista NF, Chun S, Yun M. Relationship between Alcohol Purchasing Time and Alcohol Use Disorder in South Korea. Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2017; 8:405-414. [PMID: 29354399 PMCID: PMC5749488 DOI: 10.24171/j.phrp.2017.8.6.08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Revised: 09/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Currently, time of alcohol purchase is not part of the policies to regulate alcohol consumption in South Korea. This study was conducted to determine the relationship between alcohol purchasing time and alcohol use disorder. Methods The survey for this study was conducted in geographically diverse regions of South Korea in 2012. Respondents’ purchasing behaviors for both on-licensed (i.e., allows for consumption within the premises) and off-licensed (i.e., where alcohol is consumed off the premises) outlets and time of alcohol consumption were collected. Alcohol consumption patterns were examined using the Rapid Alcohol Problem Screen 4 (RAPS4). Data were also analyzed by age, gender and purchasing time. Results Results showed that among the off-licensed premises, supermarkets appear to be the most popular venue while for on-licensed premises; alcohol was generally consumed inside hotels/pubs regardless of age and gender of the purchaser. Purchasing of alcohol was highest during the day and early evening period (9:00 a.m. to 9:59 p.m.). Females are most likely to abuse alcohol than males during the early morning period and is that period after 12:00 midnight. Conclusion Analysis suggests that the survey instrument used in the International Alcohol Control Study is being used to collect data on alcohol purchasing time consumption; therefore, the potential is there to provide accurate results to contribute appropriate policy responses to reduce alcohol related-harm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narcie Faith Amista
- Department of Health-Bio Convergence, Graduate School, Sahmyook University, Seoul, Korea.,Korean Institute on Alcohol Problems, Sahmyook University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sungsoo Chun
- Department of Health-Bio Convergence, Graduate School, Sahmyook University, Seoul, Korea.,Korean Institute on Alcohol Problems, Sahmyook University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mieun Yun
- Korean Institute on Alcohol Problems, Sahmyook University, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Food and Nutrition, Sahmyook University, Seoul, Korea
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Huang T, Elghafari A, Relia K, Chunara R. High-resolution Temporal Representations of Alcohol and Tobacco Behaviors from Social Media Data. PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACM ON HUMAN-COMPUTER INTERACTION 2017; 1:54. [PMID: 29264592 PMCID: PMC5734092 DOI: 10.1145/3134689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Understanding tobacco- and alcohol-related behavioral patterns is critical for uncovering risk factors and potentially designing targeted social computing intervention systems. Given that we make choices multiple times per day, hourly and daily patterns are critical for better understanding behaviors. Here, we combine natural language processing, machine learning and time series analyses to assess Twitter activity specifically related to alcohol and tobacco consumption and their sub-daily, daily and weekly cycles. Twitter self-reports of alcohol and tobacco use are compared to other data streams available at similar temporal resolution. We assess if discussion of drinking by inferred underage versus legal age people or discussion of use of different types of tobacco products can be differentiated using these temporal patterns. We find that time and frequency domain representations of behaviors on social media can provide meaningful and unique insights, and we discuss the types of behaviors for which the approach may be most useful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Huang
- Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, University of Waterloo
| | | | - Kunal Relia
- Tandon School of Engineering, New York University
| | - Rumi Chunara
- Tandon School of Engineering and College of Global Public Health, New York University
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Kolosnitsyna MG, Khorkina NA, Sitdikov MT. Alcohol trade restrictions and alcohol consumption: On the effectiveness of state policy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s1075700717050082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Kashfi K, Fang D, Hou J, Al-Khalil K, Anderson R, Syapin PJ, O’Boyle MW. Spatial Attention in Binge-Drinking and Moderate-Drinking College Students: An fMRI Investigation. ALCOHOLISM TREATMENT QUARTERLY 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/07347324.2017.1322429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karl Kashfi
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Dan Fang
- Human Development and Family Studies, College of Human Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Jiancheng Hou
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Kareem Al-Khalil
- Human Development and Family Studies, College of Human Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Ron Anderson
- Department of Math and Computer Science, Thiel College, Greenville, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Peter J. Syapin
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Michael W. O’Boyle
- Human Development and Family Studies, College of Human Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas, USA
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Burton R, Henn C, Lavoie D, O'Connor R, Perkins C, Sweeney K, Greaves F, Ferguson B, Beynon C, Belloni A, Musto V, Marsden J, Sheron N. A rapid evidence review of the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of alcohol control policies: an English perspective. Lancet 2017; 389:1558-1580. [PMID: 27919442 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(16)32420-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
This paper reviews the evidence for the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of policies to reduce alcohol-related harm. Policies focus on price, marketing, availability, information and education, the drinking environment, drink-driving, and brief interventions and treatment. Although there is variability in research design and measured outcomes, evidence supports the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of policies that address affordability and marketing. An adequate reduction in temporal availability, particularly late night on-sale availability, is effective and cost-effective. Individually-directed interventions delivered to at-risk drinkers and enforced legislative measures are also effective. Providing information and education increases awareness, but is not sufficient to produce long-lasting changes in behaviour. At best, interventions enacted in and around the drinking environment lead to small reductions in acute alcohol-related harm. Overall, there is a rich evidence base to support the decisions of policy makers in implementing the most effective and cost-effective policies to reduce alcohol-related harm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robyn Burton
- Public Health England, London, UK; Addictions Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Felix Greaves
- Public Health England, London, UK; Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Brian Ferguson
- Public Health England, London, UK; Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, UK
| | | | | | | | - John Marsden
- Public Health England, London, UK; Addictions Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Nick Sheron
- Public Health England, London, UK; Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
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Shi L, Truong K, Summey J, Spitler H. Liquor store density and acute pancreatitis hospitalization. JOURNAL OF SUBSTANCE USE 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/14659891.2016.1195895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Fitzgerald N, Angus K, Emslie C, Shipton D, Bauld L. Gender differences in the impact of population-level alcohol policy interventions: evidence synthesis of systematic reviews. Addiction 2016; 111:1735-47. [PMID: 27177685 DOI: 10.1111/add.13452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Revised: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Consistent review-level evidence supports the effectiveness of population-level alcohol policies in reducing alcohol-related harms. Such policies interact with well-established social, cultural and biological differences in how men and women perceive, relate to and use alcohol, and with wider inequalities, in ways which may give rise to gender differences in policy effectiveness. This paper aimed to examine the extent to which gender-specific data and analyses were considered in, and are available from, systematic reviews of population-level alcohol policy interventions, and where possible, to conduct a narrative synthesis of relevant data. METHODS A prior systematic 'review of reviews' of population level alcohol interventions 2002-2012 was updated to May 2014, all gender-relevant data extracted, and the level and quality of gender reporting assessed. A narrative synthesis of extracted findings was conducted. RESULTS Sixty-three systematic reviews, covering ten policy areas, were included. Five reviews (8%) consistently provided information on baseline participation by gender for each individual study in the review and twenty-nine (46%) reported some gender-specific information on the impact of the policies under consideration. Specific findings include evidence of possible gender differences in the impact of and exposure to alcohol marketing, and a failure to consider potential unintended consequences and harm to others in most reviews. CONCLUSIONS Gender is poorly reported in systematic reviews of population-level interventions to reduce alcohol-related harm, hindering assessment of the intended and unintended effects of such policies on women and men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niamh Fitzgerald
- Institute for Social Marketing, UK Centre for Tobacco and Alcohol Studies, School of Health Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK.
| | - Kathryn Angus
- Institute for Social Marketing, UK Centre for Tobacco and Alcohol Studies, School of Health Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
| | - Carol Emslie
- Institute for Applied Health Research, School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Linda Bauld
- Institute for Social Marketing, UK Centre for Tobacco and Alcohol Studies, School of Health Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
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McGill E, Marks D, Sumpter C, Egan M. Consequences of removing cheap, super-strength beer and cider: a qualitative study of a UK local alcohol availability intervention. BMJ Open 2016; 6:e010759. [PMID: 27687895 PMCID: PMC5051338 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2015-010759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Increasingly, English local authorities have encouraged the implementation of an intervention called 'Reducing the Strength' (RtS) whereby off-licences voluntarily stop selling inexpensive 'super-strength' (≥6.5% alcohol by volume (ABV)) beers and ciders. We conceptualised RtS as an event within a complex system in order to identify pathways by which the intervention may lead to intended and unintended consequences. DESIGN A qualitative study including a focus group and semistructured interviews. SETTING An inner-London local authority characterised by a high degree of residential mobility, high levels of social inequality and a large homeless population. Intervention piloted in three areas known for street drinking with a high alcohol outlet density. PARTICIPANTS Alcohol service professionals, homeless hostel employees, street-based services managers and hostel dwelling homeless alcohol consumers (n=30). RESULTS Participants describe a range of potential substitution behaviours to circumvent alcohol availability restrictions including consuming different drinks, finding alternative shops, using drugs or committing crimes to purchase more expensive drinks. Service providers suggested the intervention delivered in this local authority missed opportunities to encourage engagement between the council, alcohol services, homeless hostels and off-licence stores. Some participants believed small-scale interventions such as RtS may facilitate new forms of engagement between public and private sector interests and contribute to long-term cultural changes around drinking, although they may also entrench the view that 'problem drinking' only occurs in certain population groups. CONCLUSIONS RtS may have limited individual-level health impacts if the target populations remain willing and able to consume alternative means of intoxication as a substitute for super-strength products. However, RtS may also lead to wider system changes not directly related to the consumption of super-strengths and their assumed harms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth McGill
- NIHR School for Public Health Research (SPHR), London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Dalya Marks
- Department of Social and Environmental Health Research, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Colin Sumpter
- Camden and Islington Public Health, London Boroughs of Camden and Islington, London, UK
| | - Matt Egan
- NIHR School for Public Health Research (SPHR), London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
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Kiselica AM, Webber TA, Bornovalova MA. Validity of the alcohol purchase task: a meta-analysis. Addiction 2016; 111:806-16. [PMID: 26616514 DOI: 10.1111/add.13254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Revised: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Behavioral economists assess alcohol consumption as a function of unit price. This method allows construction of demand curves and demand indices, which are thought to provide precise numerical estimates of risk for alcohol problems. One of the more commonly used behavioral economic measures is the Alcohol Purchase Task (APT). Although the APT has shown promise as a measure of risk for alcohol problems, the construct validity and incremental utility of the APT remain unclear. This paper presents a meta-analysis of the APT literature. METHODS Sixteen studies were included in the meta-analysis. Studies were gathered via searches of the PsycInfo, PubMed, Web of Science and EconLit research databases. Random-effects meta-analyses with inverse variance weighting were used to calculate summary effect sizes for each demand index-drinking outcome relationship. Moderation of these effects by drinking status (regular versus heavy drinkers) was examined. Additionally, tests of the incremental utility of the APT indices in predicting drinking problems above and beyond measuring alcohol consumption were performed. RESULTS The APT indices were correlated in the expected directions with drinking outcomes, although many effects were small in size. These effects were typically not moderated by the drinking status of the samples. Additionally, the intensity metric demonstrated incremental utility in predicting alcohol use disorder symptoms beyond measuring drinking. CONCLUSIONS The Alcohol Purchase Task appears to have good construct validity, but limited incremental utility in estimating risk for alcohol problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M Kiselica
- Department of Psychology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Troy A Webber
- Department of Psychology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
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