1
|
O’Kane KMK, Goldberg SY, Bouchard KN, Dawson SJ. Busting MisconSEXions: evaluation of a social media knowledge translation initiative addressing myths about sex. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1347493. [PMID: 39006551 PMCID: PMC11241140 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1347493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
There is a critical gap in sex education such that many people lack access to evidence-based and accessible information about sexuality, putting them at risk for endorsing myths about sex and in turn having poorer sexual wellbeing. To address this gap, we developed a novel social media knowledge translation initiative-MisconSEXions-to debunk common myths about sexuality. The goal of this study was twofold. First, to examine whether exposure to MisconSEXions is effective for reducing sexuality myth endorsement. Second, to evaluate the acceptability (participants' satisfaction with the content), appropriateness (the perceived fit of the content with participants), adoption (participants' intention to engage with the initiative), and penetration (participants' perception of the content's impact on their lives) of MisconSEXions among study participants. We also examined possible group differences in our observed effects by assigned sex, gender modality, and sexual orientation. A large and diverse sample (N = 2,356) of adults completed an online survey and reported on their demographics, sexuality myth endorsement before and after exposure to MisconSEXions content, and the acceptability, appropriateness, adoption, and penetration of the MisconSEXions content. We found that participants' sexuality myth endorsement was significantly lower following exposure to MisconSEXions content, and this effect held across assigned sex, gender modality, and sexual orientation groups. Regardless of participants' assigned sex, gender modality, or sexual orientation, MisconSEXions content was reported to be both acceptable and appropriate to people's lives. Participants reported relatively low levels of adoption, such that they reported reluctance to engage with the content on social media. Additionally, participants reported mixed feelings regarding the impact of the content on their lives (i.e., penetration). Overall, the findings have implications for how sexuality social media knowledge translation initiatives can fill important gaps in providing inclusive and accessible sex education.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kiarah M. K. O’Kane
- Department of Psychology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Simone Y. Goldberg
- Department of Psychology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Katrina N. Bouchard
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Samantha J. Dawson
- Department of Psychology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ibrahim K, Kahle EM, Christiani Y, Suryani S. Utilization of Social Media for the Prevention and Control of HIV/AIDS: A Scoping Review. J Multidiscip Healthc 2024; 17:2443-2458. [PMID: 38799010 PMCID: PMC11127661 DOI: 10.2147/jmdh.s465905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Social media has been used widely in public health for understanding health risks and intervening to improve health. However, the utilization of social media for HIV prevention and control interventions has not been clearly characterized. We conducted a scoping review on the utilization of social media for HIV prevention and control to identify gaps in the literature and highlight opportunities for future research and intervention. A comprehensive search of seven databases was performed: PubMed, Embase, CINAHL Complete (EBSCO), PsycInfo (EBSCO), Scopus, and WOS (Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED). The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) was used as a framework. A total of 790 articles were screened at the title and abstract level, and 78 were screened at the full-text level. Twenty-three articles met the eligibility criteria for review. We found that Facebook was still the most common social media service used to reach target populations. Lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) individuals were the primary groups and were the most common targets of social media-based HIV prevention interventions. Outcomes of social media-based interventions, such as increased HIV testing, social networking and social support, condom use attitudes, behavioral skills, and research participation, were reported. Most social media-based interventions have emphasized HIV prevention, with fewer interventions focused on improving linkage to care and adherence to treatment among people living with HIV. Future studies may benefit from using social media for interventions to improve HIV-related outcomes in high-risk populations. This review highlights the potential and challenges of social media approaches for HIV/AIDS prevention and control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kusman Ibrahim
- Postdoctoral Fellow, School of Nursing, University of Michigan, USA; Department of Medical and Surgical Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, Indonesia
| | - Erin M Kahle
- Department of Health Behavior and Biological Science, School of Nursing, and Center for Sexuality and Health Disparities, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Suryani Suryani
- Department of Mental Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, Indonesia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Bowring N, Russell-Bennett R. The rules of mature sex: Sexual scripts and the global challenge of rising STIs. Health Mark Q 2024; 41:167-191. [PMID: 37811812 DOI: 10.1080/07359683.2023.2261799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Sexual health continues to be a socially complex problem globally with rising rates of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) despite extensive government and health marketing initiatives. In particular, STIs are rising at a greater rate in mature consumers than any other age group with the main reason cited as lack of condom use. The rules around condom use are based on sexual scripts or internalised guidelines and thus a key step in developing social marketing initiatives to increase condom use and address this global challenge is identifying the sexual scripts that motivate and inhibit condom use by mature consumers. Using sexual script theory, this research involves interviews with 24 mature single heterosexual Australian consumers to identify the sexual scripts that can be leveraged in health marketing to address the grand challenge of increasing mature consumer participation in protective sexual health behaviours.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Bowring
- Training Centre for Behavioural Insights for Technology Adoption (BITA), Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Rebekah Russell-Bennett
- Centre for Behavioural Economics, Society and Technology (BEST), Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Vazquez Guillamet LJ, Babey MM, Njah M, Blake H, Jasani A, Kyeng R, Hao J, Long D, Tih P, Turan JM, Khan EM, Dionne J. Acceptability, feasibility and potential of an intervention using secret Facebook groups to complement existing HIV prevention strategies among female sex workers in Cameroon, a randomized pilot study. AIDS Care 2024; 36:517-527. [PMID: 37921364 DOI: 10.1080/09540121.2023.2275048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
This randomized pilot project evaluated an intervention promoting health care literacy around HIV, pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), and stigma reduction using private social media groups that complemented existing HIV prevention services among female sex workers (FSWs) in Cameroon. The intervention was 12 HIV and sexual health videos tailored to FSWs that were released over 8 weeks through a secret Facebook group platform. In-person surveys were administered before, after the intervention, and three months later. No HIV seroconversions were detected; all participants completed follow-up and agreed to recommend the intervention to a coworker. Although the intervention was assessed to be acceptable and feasible to implement, poor internet connectivity was a key barrier. In time-series analysis, the intervention group participants reported improved PrEP interest, PrEP knowledge, and condom use along with reduced PrEP and HIV-related stigma, but no impact on sex-work related stigma or social cohesion. Similar results occurred in the control group. Cross-contamination and small pilot study size might have hindered the ability to detect the differential impact of this intervention. As communications technology increases in Cameroon, it is essential to learn more about FSWs preferences on the use of social media platforms for HIV prevention strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laia J Vazquez Guillamet
- Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Mary Mah Babey
- Cameroon Baptist Convention Health Services, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Mercy Njah
- Cameroon Baptist Convention Health Services, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Hassanatu Blake
- Department of Health Behavior, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Amy Jasani
- School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Rahel Kyeng
- Cameroon Baptist Convention Health Services, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Jiaying Hao
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Dustin Long
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Pius Tih
- Cameroon Baptist Convention Health Services, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Janet M Turan
- Department of Health Policy and Organization, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Department of Public Health, Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Jodie Dionne
- Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
de Vries A, den Daas C, Willemstein IJM, de Wit JBF, Heijne JCM. Interventions Promoting Condom Use Among Youth: A Systematic Review. J Adolesc Health 2024; 74:644-656. [PMID: 38085203 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2023.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
In many European and other high-income, Western countries, condom use has been decreasing among youth. A variety of promotional strategies to increase condom use exists. Our systematic review aimed to identify effective elements in interventions aimed at increasing condom use in youth. We searched databases (2010-2021) for intervention studies promoting condom use among youth in Western, high-income countries. The primary outcome was condom use; the secondary outcome was sexually transmitted infection (STI) diagnoses. Effectiveness per intervention was defined based on the percentage of comparisons that showed significant increases in condom use and significant decreases in STIs. We compared the effectiveness of interventions for different participant-, intervention- and methodological characteristics. We included 74 papers describing 85 interventions in the review. Overall, the median intervention effectiveness was 33.3% (interquartile range = 0%-66.7%) for condom use and 0% (interquartile range = 0%-100%) for STI diagnoses. Intervention effectiveness for condom use was significantly higher in interventions tailored towards females and males specifically, compared with interventions applied to both sexes combined. Our findings show the difficulty in designing effective interventions to increase condom use among youth. Interventions aimed at either females or males were more effective in increasing condom use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alcira de Vries
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
| | - Chantal den Daas
- Health Psychology Group and Epidemiology Group, Institute of Applied Health Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Inge J M Willemstein
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - John B F de Wit
- Department of Interdisciplinary Social Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Janneke C M Heijne
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands; Department of Social Medicine, Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Nimbi FM, Ricciardi L, Galizia R, Lingiardi V. Using social media for male sexual health: what do we miss? A perspective article on good practices and missing evidence. Int J Impot Res 2024:10.1038/s41443-024-00854-1. [PMID: 38443554 DOI: 10.1038/s41443-024-00854-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Social media are popular and play a key role in influencing, informing, and stimulating users in their everyday lives. People (especially adolescents and young adults) increasingly use social media to get and share sexual health-related information. Studies have shown encouraging results on using social media for sexual health communication improving attitudes and behaviors, although the current quality of studies makes them little reliable. In fact, literature shows how research on social media and sexual health communication has many limitations and unexplored areas, especially for male users. What can we do as sexual health professionals to improve in this field? The answer is simple: engage in better communication and do more research, starting from the users' needs. There is the urgency to embrace these new ways of information among professionals in order to improve access to better care. In this perspective article, authors will present and discuss some of the evidence on the use of social media in male sexual health and offer some suggestions on how to communicate better in these platforms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Maria Nimbi
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology and Health Studies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
| | - Livio Ricciardi
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology and Health Studies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Galizia
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology and Health Studies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Vittorio Lingiardi
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology and Health Studies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Bonar EE, Tan CY, Fernandez AC, Goldstick JE, Chapman L, Florimbio AR, Walton MA. A social media intervention for high-intensity drinking among emerging adults: a pilot randomized controlled trial. Alcohol Alcohol 2024; 59:agae005. [PMID: 38364317 PMCID: PMC10872155 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agae005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS High-intensity drinking (HID) is a pattern of risky drinking defined as at least 8 drinks (for women) or 10 drinks (for men) in a single episode. Individuals engaged in HID may be at greater risk for consequences, necessitating tailored interventions. Herein, we report the feasibility and acceptability of a social media-delivered 8-week intervention for emerging adults with recent HID. METHODS Using social media advertising, we recruited 102 emerging adults who reported past-month HID. Average age was 20.0 year-olds (SD = 2.0); 51.0% were male. Most identified as White (64.7%; 14.7% Black/African American, 13.7% multiracial) and 26.5% identified as Hispanic/Latinx. Participants were randomized to an 8-week intervention delivered via Snapchat by health coaches (N = 50) or to a control condition (psychoeducational website referral; N = 52). Follow-ups occurred at 2 and 4 months post-baseline. RESULTS The intervention was acceptable (85.1% liked it/liked it a lot) and there were high follow-up rates. Participants rated coaches as supportive (91.5%) and respectful (93.6%). Descriptively, helpfulness ratings were higher for non-alcohol-related content (e.g. stress; 59.6% very/extremely helpful) than alcohol-related content (40.4% very/extremely helpful). Regarding engagement, 86.0% engaged approximately weekly and 59.6% indicated they saved intervention snaps. Descriptive data showed reductions over time in several measures of alcohol consumption and consequences as well as cannabis-impaired driving and mental health symptoms. CONCLUSIONS This 8-week social media intervention for HID was feasible and acceptable among emerging adults, supporting the benefit of future testing in a fully powered trial.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erin E Bonar
- Michigan Innovations in Addiction Care through Research & Education Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, North Campus Research Complex, 2800 Plymouth Rd. Building 16, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
- Injury Prevention Center, University of Michigan, North Campus Research Complex, 2800 Plymouth Rd. Building 10, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Chiu Y Tan
- Addiction Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, North Campus Research Complex, 2800 Plymouth Rd. Building 16, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Anne C Fernandez
- Michigan Innovations in Addiction Care through Research & Education Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, North Campus Research Complex, 2800 Plymouth Rd. Building 16, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
- Addiction Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, North Campus Research Complex, 2800 Plymouth Rd. Building 16, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Jason E Goldstick
- Injury Prevention Center, University of Michigan, North Campus Research Complex, 2800 Plymouth Rd. Building 10, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan, North Campus Research Complex, 2800 Plymouth Rd. Building 10, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Lyndsay Chapman
- Addiction Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, North Campus Research Complex, 2800 Plymouth Rd. Building 16, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Autumn R Florimbio
- Addiction Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, North Campus Research Complex, 2800 Plymouth Rd. Building 16, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Maureen A Walton
- Michigan Innovations in Addiction Care through Research & Education Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, North Campus Research Complex, 2800 Plymouth Rd. Building 16, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
- Injury Prevention Center, University of Michigan, North Campus Research Complex, 2800 Plymouth Rd. Building 10, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
- Addiction Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, North Campus Research Complex, 2800 Plymouth Rd. Building 16, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Salka B, Aljamal M, Almsaddi F, Kaakarli H, Nesi L, Lim K. TikTok as an Educational Tool for Kidney Stone Prevention. Cureus 2023; 15:e48789. [PMID: 38098905 PMCID: PMC10720371 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.48789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The incidence of kidney stones in the United States continues to increase. Although dietary interventions have shown to be effective in reducing stone events, adherence to medical management continues to be a limiting factor. For that reason, patient education has become a focus of many physicians. TikTok, a social media application with over one billion users worldwide, has emerged as an online center for medical knowledge sharing by physicians and non-physicians alike. TikTok users share kidney stone prevention information through short informational videos directly to the general public. Little is known regarding the quality of medical advice provided in these videos. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the reach and quality of kidney stone prevention information on TikTok. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of renal stone prevention content on TikTok utilizing the search term #kidneystoneprevention to assess all the videos appearing on October 10th, 2022. Only videos in English, related to the topic, and with >1000 views were included. Videos were analyzed for descriptive statistics, including views, uploader profession, and stone prevention recommendations. Videos were assessed utilizing Denver International Study Center of Evaluative Rating of Information (DISCERN), a questionnaire used to appraise the quality of consumer health information (maximum score of 80 per video). The one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to determine statistical significance groups. RESULTS Out of a total of 131 videos, 87 fit the inclusion criteria, resulting in a total of 8.75 million views. An average DISCERN score of 27.0 was observed. Only eight videos were published by physicians, of which the average DISCERN score of 35.3 was significantly greater than an average score of 26.2 for non-physicians (p<0.05). The most common recommendation was increased fluid intake (38.0%) followed by monitoring calcium levels (9.02%) and decreasing oxalate-rich foods (9.2%). CONCLUSIONS Kidney stone prevention content on TikTok has a wide reach with millions of consumers. The majority of videos fail to match American Urological Association recommendations regarding diet therapies for stone prevention. Further research is needed to understand the extent of kidney stone prevention misinformation on social media and how it contributes to patient outcomes. Increased engagement in TikTok by urologists and health organizations may improve public education.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Lauren Nesi
- Urology, Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, USA
| | - Kenneth Lim
- Urology, Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Lee EJ, Kim HS, Joo MH. Social Media vs. Mass Media: Mitigating the Suspicion of Ulterior Motives in Public Health Communication. HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2023; 38:2450-2460. [PMID: 35610554 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2022.2074781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Two experiments examined if persuasive effectiveness of health messages varies as a function of the communication channel (Facebook vs. news website), and if so, why. Specifically, we examined perceived ulterior motives of the communicator as an explanation for why public health campaigns may be less effective when conveyed via mass-directed (vs. interpersonal) channels, and further investigated if message recipients' health interest moderates such channel effects, if any. In Study 1 (N = 103), reading a medical news reporter's Facebook post on dental health (vs. a news article consisting of the identical content) lowered the participants' suspicion of ulterior motives of the source, which then promoted message-consistent attitudes and behavioral intention. Such effects, however, emerged only for those more interested in health. Using a different topic (a low-carb, high-fat diet), Study 2 (N = 338) replicated Study 1 findings, confirming the conditional persuasive advantages of social media over mass media as a health campaign channel.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Ju Lee
- Department of Communication, Seoul National University
| | - Hyun Suk Kim
- Department of Communication, Seoul National University
| | - Min Hwi Joo
- Department of Communication, Seoul National University
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Cascio CN, Selkie E, Moreno MA. Effect of Technology and Digital Media Use on Adolescent Health and Development: Protocol for a Multimethod Longitudinal Study. JMIR Res Protoc 2023; 12:e50984. [PMID: 37703071 PMCID: PMC10534290 DOI: 10.2196/50984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Technology and digital media (TDM) use is integral to modern adolescence; adolescents have been labeled as "digital natives," since they have had exposure to digital technology for their entire lives. Previous evidence has illustrated TDM's connections with adolescent risk behaviors such as increased alcohol use and social media exposure, as well as relationships with adolescent well-being such as improved socioemotional health and social media connections with peers. Although several recent review articles have described both the benefits and risks of technology use, most individual studies adopt a singular risk-centered approach. In addition, reviews suggest that little evidence exists on the potential mediating and moderating factors between TDM use and well-being and health outcomes, which limits our understanding of what influences the outcomes of interest. Therefore, there is an urgent need to fill these gaps. OBJECTIVE This protocol addresses the need to understand how TDM exposure and use affect multiple developmental domains and health outcomes. We address the fragmented nature of previous research, the common focus on single behaviors or conditions, and the typical narrow lens on risks. Our approach further aligns with reviews that called for studies identifying and investigating the factors that moderate the relationships between social media and health behaviors and outcomes. METHODS We will address our objective by longitudinally examining over a 2-year period a common set of adolescent participants (N=400, aged 13-15 years) across 3 studies that adopt a multimethodological approach. Study 1 will use TDM to understand the mechanisms behind adolescent health and risk behaviors. Study 2 will use functional magnetic resonance imaging to understand how positive and negative TDM experiences relate to mental and behavioral health in a subsample of 150 adolescents. Study 3 will use a mixed methods design to evaluate self- and other-generated TDM content as the predictors of socioemotional well-being in sexual and gender minority and non-sexual and gender minority adolescents. RESULTS Recruitment is ongoing, and the initial results from the first wave of recruitment are expected in 2024. CONCLUSIONS This integrated approach to longitudinal data collection from a shared adolescent participant pool will lead to novel analyses and findings, allowing for the examination of the health and well-being risks and benefits associated with TDM use and factors that moderate these relationships. The findings from this study will advance conceptual models and inform new interventions to improve adolescent health. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/50984.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher N Cascio
- School of Journalism and Mass Communication, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Ellen Selkie
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Megan A Moreno
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Goldstein SP, Tovar A, Espel-Huynh HM, Cooksey Stowers K. Applying a Social Determinants of Health Framework to Guide Digital Innovations That Reduce Disparities in Chronic Disease. Psychosom Med 2023; 85:659-669. [PMID: 36800264 PMCID: PMC10439976 DOI: 10.1097/psy.0000000000001176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Chronic diseases are among the top causes of global death, disability, and health care expenditure. Digital health interventions (e.g., patient support delivered via technologies such as smartphones, wearables, videoconferencing, social media, and virtual reality) may prevent and mitigate chronic disease by facilitating accessible, personalized care. Although these tools have promise to reach historically marginalized groups, who are disproportionately affected by chronic disease, evidence suggests that digital health interventions could unintentionally exacerbate health inequities. This commentary outlines opportunities to harness recent advancements in technology and research design to drive equitable digital health intervention development and implementation. We apply "calls to action" from the World Health Organization Commission on Social Determinants of Health conceptual framework to the development of new, and refinement of existing, digital health interventions that aim to prevent or treat chronic disease by targeting intermediary, social, and/or structural determinants of health. Three mirrored "calls to action" are thus proposed for digital health research: a) develop, implement, and evaluate multilevel, context-specific digital health interventions; b) engage in intersectoral partnerships to advance digital health equity and social equity more broadly; and c) include and empower historically marginalized groups to develop, implement, and access digital health interventions. Using these "action items," we review several technological and methodological innovations for designing, evaluating, and implementing digital health interventions that have greater potential to reduce health inequities. We also enumerate possible challenges to conducting this work, including leading interdisciplinary collaborations, diversifying the scientific workforce, building trustworthy community relationships, and evolving health care and digital infrastructures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie P. Goldstein
- Weight Control and Diabetes Research Center, The Miriam Hospital, 196 Richmond St., Providence, RI, 02903, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, 222 Richmond St., Providence, RI, 02903, USA
| | - Alison Tovar
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Box G-S121-4, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Hallie M. Espel-Huynh
- Weight Control and Diabetes Research Center, The Miriam Hospital, 196 Richmond St., Providence, RI, 02903, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, 222 Richmond St., Providence, RI, 02903, USA
| | - Kristen Cooksey Stowers
- Allied Health Sciences, University of Connecticut, 358 Mansfield Rd, Storrs, CT 06269
- Rudd Center for Food Policy and Health, University of Connecticut, 1 Constitution Plaza, Hartford, CT 06103
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Walsh LE, Carter-Bawa L. Using social media to recruit individuals for health-related research: Feasibility and lessons learned. J Health Psychol 2023; 28:599-606. [PMID: 36416197 PMCID: PMC10251309 DOI: 10.1177/13591053221136928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Online recruitment via social media for health-related research is increasing. Metrics regarding social media recruitment may increase its use in this field. This study evaluates the feasibility of recruiting individuals with a smoking history through targeted advertising on Facebook for a randomized study focused on lung cancer screening. Individuals completed eligibility questions and were randomized to one of two groups. We analyzed advertisement reach and response patterns, advertisement cost, data integrity and sample representativeness. The advertisement was active for 34 days and resulted in 2111 unique clicks on the survey link. Four hundred thirty-three eligibility entries were collected, and 61 entries were excluded due to failure to correctly answer the data integrity check. Two hundred eighty-two participants met eligibility criteria and were randomized, 191 participants completed questionnaires and 10 entries were subsequently excluded due to a failed attention check. Recruitment utilizing targeted advertising on Facebook is an effective and efficient strategy for health-related research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leah E Walsh
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center New York, USA
- Fordham University, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Purcell C, McDaid L, Forsyth R, Simpson SA, Elliott L, Bailey JV, Moore L, Mitchell KR. A peer-led, school-based social network intervention for young people in the UK, promoting sexual health via social media and conversations with friends: intervention development and optimisation of STASH. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:675. [PMID: 37041542 PMCID: PMC10088210 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-15541-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The quality of school-based sex and relationships education (SRE) is variable in the UK. Digitally-based interventions can usefully supplement teacher-delivered lessons and positively impact sexual health knowledge. Designed to address gaps in core SRE knowledge, STASH (Sexually Transmitted infections And Sexual Health) is a peer-led social network intervention adapted from the successful ASSIST (A Stop Smoking in Schools Trial) model, and based on Diffusion of Innovation theory. This paper describes how the STASH intervention was developed and refined. METHODS Drawing on the Six Steps in Quality Intervention Development (6SQuID) framework, we tested a provisional programme theory through three iterative stages -: 1) evidence synthesis; 2) intervention co-production; and 3) adaptation - which incorporated evidence review, stakeholder consultation, and website co-development and piloting with young people, sexual health specialists, and educators. Multi-method results were analysed in a matrix of commonalities and differences. RESULTS Over 21 months, intervention development comprised 20 activities within the three stages. 1) We identified gaps in SRE provision and online resources (e.g. around sexual consent, pleasure, digital literacy), and confirmed critical components including the core ASSIST peer nomination process, the support of schools, and alignment to the national curriculum. We reviewed candidate social media platforms, ruling out all except Facebook on basis of functionality restrictions which precluded their use for our purposes. 2) Drawing on these findings, as well as relevant behaviour change theories and core elements of the ASSIST model, we co-developed new content with young people and other stakeholders, tailored to sexual health and to delivery via closed Facebook groups, as well as face-to-face conversations. 3) A pilot in one school highlighted practical considerations, including around peer nomination, recruitment, awareness raising, and boundaries to message sharing. From this, a revised STASH intervention and programme theory were co-developed with stakeholders. CONCLUSIONS STASH intervention development required extensive adaptation from the ASSIST model. Although labour intensive, our robust co-development approach ensured that an optimised intervention was taken forward for feasibility testing. Evidencing a rigorous approach to operationalising existing intervention development guidance, this paper also highlights the significance of balancing competing stakeholder concerns, resource availability, and an ever-changing landscape for implementation. TRIAL REGISTRATION ISRCTN97369178.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carrie Purcell
- Open University, 10 Drumsheugh Gardens, Edinburgh, EH3 7QJ, UK.
- School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
| | - Lisa McDaid
- Institute for Social Science Research, The University of Queensland, Long Pocket Precinct, 80 Meiers Rd, Indooroopilly, Brisbane, QLD, 4068, Australia
| | - Ross Forsyth
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Clarice Pears Building, Byres Road, Glasgow, G12 8TA, Scotland
| | - Sharon A Simpson
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Clarice Pears Building, Byres Road, Glasgow, G12 8TA, Scotland
| | - Lawrie Elliott
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Department of Nursing and Community Health, Glasgow Caledonian University, Room 420 George Moore Building, Cowcaddens Road, Glasgow, G4 OBA, UK
| | - Julia V Bailey
- University College London E-Health Unit, Royal Free Hospital, Upper Third Floor, Rowland Hill Street, London, NW3 2PF, UK
| | - Laurence Moore
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Clarice Pears Building, Byres Road, Glasgow, G12 8TA, Scotland
| | - Kirstin R Mitchell
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Clarice Pears Building, Byres Road, Glasgow, G12 8TA, Scotland
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Sewak A, Yousef M, Deshpande S, Seydel T, Hashemi N. The effectiveness of digital sexual health interventions for young adults: a systematic literature review (2010-2020). Health Promot Int 2023; 38:7033126. [PMID: 36757346 DOI: 10.1093/heapro/daac104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
There has been a proliferation of digital sexual health interventions targeting adolescents; however, limited evaluative reviews have compared the effectiveness of multiple digital tools for sexual health literacy and behaviour change. This study conducted a systematic literature review, screened 9881 records and analysed 61 studies. Findings suggest that websites and mobile phones dominate digital sexual health interventions, with a majority effectively delivering cognitive (e.g. awareness and attitudes about sexual and reproductive health) and behavioural outcomes (e.g. abstinence and use of contraception). The most popular sexual health promotion mechanisms were interactive websites, text messaging and phone calls, and online education programmes, followed by mobile applications-fewer studies in this review utilized social media, games and multimedia. Previous reviews focused on single outcome measures (e.g. sexually transmitted infection testing) to assess interventions' effectiveness. The current review moves beyond single outcome measures to cover a wider range of behavioural and non-behavioural sexual health issues and contexts covered in the literature. Four main categories were analysed as outcomes: cognitive perceptions, promoting sexual health-related behaviours, promoting sexual health-related products and services, and impact (viral load). Seventy-nine per cent of interventions focused on preventive sexual health behaviours and products (e.g. condoms) and services (e.g. HIV testing). Overall, 75% of studies effectively changed sexual health behaviour and cognitive perceptions. However, the digital-only tools did not vary from the blended formats, in influence outcomes, even after categorizing them into behavioural or non-behavioural outcomes. Compared to previous systematic reviews, more studies from the last decade used rigorous research design in the form of randomized controlled trials, non-randomized control trials, and quasi-experiments and lasted longer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aarti Sewak
- Social Marketing @ Griffith, Department of Marketing, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Road, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia
| | - Murooj Yousef
- Social Marketing @ Griffith, Department of Marketing, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Road, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia
| | - Sameer Deshpande
- Social Marketing @ Griffith, Department of Marketing, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Road, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia
| | - Tori Seydel
- Social Marketing @ Griffith, Department of Marketing, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Road, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia
| | - Neda Hashemi
- School of Medicine, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Building G01, Gold Coast, Queensland 4215, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Leung T, Eysenbach G, Peterson S, Heckman C, Kashy D, Berger A, Studts C, Negrón R, Buller D, Paddock L, Gallo J, Kulik A, Frederick S, Pesanelli M, Domider M, Grosso M. Facebook Intervention for Young-Onset Melanoma Survivors and Families: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Res Protoc 2023; 12:e39640. [PMID: 36692933 PMCID: PMC9906316 DOI: 10.2196/39640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals diagnosed with melanoma before the age of 40 years (young-onset melanoma survivors) and their first-degree relatives (FDRs) are a growing population at risk for developing recurrent melanoma or new melanomas. Regular surveillance using clinical skin examination (CSE) and skin self-examination (SSE) and engagement in preventive behaviors including sun protection are recommended. Given the growing population of survivors and their families who are at increased risk, it is surprising that no behavioral interventions have been developed and evaluated to improve risk-reduction behaviors. OBJECTIVE We describe the rationale and methodology for a randomized controlled trial evaluating the efficacy of a Facebook intervention providing information, goal setting, and peer support to increase CSE, SSE, and sun protection for young-onset melanoma survivors and their FDRs. METHODS Overall, 577 survivors and 577 FDRs will be randomly assigned to either the Young Melanoma Family Facebook Group or the Melanoma Family Healthy Lifestyle Facebook Group condition. Participants will complete measures of CSE, SSE, and sun protection, and mediator measures of attitudes and beliefs before and after the intervention. The primary aim is to evaluate the impact of the Young Melanoma Family Facebook intervention versus the Melanoma Family Healthy Lifestyle Facebook intervention on CSE, SSE frequency and comprehensiveness, and sun protection among FDRs. The secondary aims examine the efficacy of the Young Melanoma Family Facebook intervention on survivors' SSE frequency and comprehensiveness and sun protection behaviors and mechanisms of intervention efficacy for intervention impact on FDR and survivor outcomes. The exploratory aim is to evaluate the efficacy of the 2 interventions on perceived stress, physical activity, and healthy eating. RESULTS This project was funded by the National Institutes of Health (R01CA221854). The project began in May 2018, and recruitment started in January 2019. We anticipate completing enrollment by November 2023. Power calculations recommended a sample size of 577 survivors and 577 FDRs. Multilevel modeling treating family as the upper-level sampling unit and individual as the lower-level sampling unit will be the primary data analytic approach. Fixed effect predictors in these models will include condition, role, sex, all 2- and 3-way interactions, and covariates. CONCLUSIONS The Young Melanoma Family Facebook intervention aims to improve primary and secondary skin cancer prevention for young-onset melanoma survivors and their family members. The intervention's delivery via a popular, freely available social media platform increases its impact because of the potential for dissemination in many contexts. If efficacious, this program could be disseminated by dermatologist practices, public health or nonprofit organizations focused on melanoma, and existing melanoma and skin cancer Facebook groups, thereby expanding its reach. This project will produce a content library of posts and a moderation guide for others. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03677739; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03677739. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/39640.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Susan Peterson
- Department of Behavioral Science, Division of Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences, MD Anderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Carolyn Heckman
- Behavioral Sciences, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Deborah Kashy
- College of Social Science, Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Adam Berger
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Christina Studts
- Pediatrics - General Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Rosalyn Negrón
- College of Liberal Arts, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, United States
| | | | - Lisa Paddock
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Joseph Gallo
- Hackensack Meridian Jersey Shore Medical Center, Hackensack Meridian Health, Neptune City, NJ, United States
| | - Alexandria Kulik
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Sara Frederick
- Behavioral Sciences, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Morgan Pesanelli
- School of Public Health, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Mara Domider
- Behavioral Sciences, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Marissa Grosso
- Behavioral Sciences, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Vereen RN, Kurtzman R, Noar SM. Are Social Media Interventions for Health Behavior Change Efficacious among Populations with Health Disparities?: A Meta-Analytic Review. HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2023; 38:133-140. [PMID: 34148445 PMCID: PMC9238345 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2021.1937830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
While prior reviews have identified positive effects of social media interventions for health behavior change generally, it is unclear whether these effects persist in traditionally underrepresented populations that are at disproportionate risk of disease. The current meta-analysis examined the effectiveness of social media interventions for health behavior change among populations with health disparities. We analyzed 17 studies with a cumulative N = 3,561. Social media interventions had a significant moderate-sized effect on behavior change among populations with health disparities (d = 0.303, 95% CI: 0.156, 0.460, p < .001), and there was significant heterogeneity across the studies (Q = 64.48, p < .001, I2 = 75.19). Exploratory moderator analyses revealed larger effects in studies with smaller sample size (p < .05) and those using additional intervention channels, including e-mail and telephone (p < .05). Findings suggest that social media interventions may be a promising intervention tool for stimulating behavior change among populations with health disparities, but several gaps remain in the literature. Public health professionals and other health communicators should further explore ways to increase both the reach and impact of social media interventions among populations with health disparities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rhyan N. Vereen
- Hussman School of Journalism and Media, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, U.S
| | - Rachel Kurtzman
- Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, U.S
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, U.S
| | - Seth M. Noar
- Hussman School of Journalism and Media, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, U.S
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, U.S
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Bonar EE, Chapman L, Pagoto S, Tan CY, Duval ER, McAfee J, Collins RL, Walton MA. Social media interventions addressing physical activity among emerging adults who use cannabis: A pilot trial of feasibility and acceptability. Drug Alcohol Depend 2023; 242:109693. [PMID: 36442441 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2022.109693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cannabis use is common among emerging adults (ages 18-25), yet few prevention interventions have targeted this unique developmental period. Physical activity (PA) is an under-utilized intervention target for cannabis use, despite research showing its potential utility. Based on prior promising social media-delivered interventions targeting cannabis and PA separately, we developed and piloted, in a randomized controlled feasibility trial (NCT04901910), interventions for emerging adults who use cannabis that focused on PA. PROCEDURES Using social media, we recruited 60 emerging adults (Mean age=21.7 years; 63.3% female sex) who used cannabis (>=3 times/week for the past month) and could engage in PA. We randomized participants into one of 3 conditions (PA-Only; PA+Cannabis, Attention-Control) that each lasted 8 weeks and were delivered in secret Facebook groups by health coaches. We collected follow-up data at 3- and 6-months post-group start. Outcomes are presented descriptively given the pilot nature and limited sample size. RESULTS The interventions were rated favorably, with ratings of the content in each condition averaging around 3 on a 5-point scale. Both intervention groups demonstrated larger reductions in cannabis consequences and cannabis-impaired driving over time than the control condition. Findings were mixed regarding patterns of change in cannabis use in the intervention conditions. Proportions of group members reporting increased PA ranged from 38.9% to 80.0% across time. CONCLUSIONS Interventions targeting PA and delivered via social media to emerging adults who regularly use cannabis offer a novel intervention target. These interventions warrant future investigation in larger trials over a longer follow-up period.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erin E Bonar
- Addiction Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, North Campus Research Complex, 2800 Plymouth Rd. Building 16, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Injury Prevention Center, University of Michigan, North Campus Research Complex, 2800 Plymouth Rd. Building 10, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Center for Sexuality and Health Disparities, University of Michigan, 400 North Ingalls Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Lyndsay Chapman
- Addiction Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, North Campus Research Complex, 2800 Plymouth Rd. Building 16, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Sherry Pagoto
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, University of Connecticut, 2006 Hillside Road, Unit 1248, Storrs, CT 06268, USA
| | - Chiu Yi Tan
- Addiction Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, North Campus Research Complex, 2800 Plymouth Rd. Building 16, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Elizabeth R Duval
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Rachel Upjohn Building, 4250 Plymouth Rd., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Jenna McAfee
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Back and Pain Center, 325. E. Eisenhower Parkway, Building 1, Ann Arbor, MI 48108, USA
| | - R Lorraine Collins
- Department of Community Health and Health Behavior, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, 3435 Main Street, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
| | - Maureen A Walton
- Addiction Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, North Campus Research Complex, 2800 Plymouth Rd. Building 16, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Injury Prevention Center, University of Michigan, North Campus Research Complex, 2800 Plymouth Rd. Building 10, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Costa-Cordella S, Grasso-Cladera A, Rossi A, Duarte J, Guiñazu F, Cortes CP. Internet-based peer support interventions for people living with HIV: A scoping review. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0269332. [PMID: 36040950 PMCID: PMC9426879 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0269332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Peer support interventions for people living with HIV and AIDS (PLWHA) are effective, but their associated time and material costs for the recipient and the health system make them reachable for only a small proportion of PLWHA. Internet-based interventions are an effective alternative for delivering psychosocial interventions for PLWHA as they are more accessible. Currently, no reviews are focusing on internet-based interventions with peer support components. This scoping review aims to map the existing literature on psychosocial interventions for PLWHA based on peer support and delivered through the internet. We conducted a systematic scoping review of academic literature following methodological guidelines for scoping reviews, and 28 articles met our criteria. We summarized the main characteristics of the digital peer support interventions for PLWHA and how they implemented peer support in a virtual environment. Overall the reported outcomes appeared promising, but more robust evidence is needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefanella Costa-Cordella
- Centro de Estudios en Psicología Clínica y Psicoterapia (CEPPS), Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Diego Portales, Santiago, Chile
- Instituto Milenio Depresión y Personalidad (MIDAP), Santiago, Chile
- Centro de Estudios en Neurociencia Humana y Neuropsicología (CENHN), Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Diego Portales, Santiago, Chile
| | - Aitana Grasso-Cladera
- Centro de Estudios en Psicología Clínica y Psicoterapia (CEPPS), Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Diego Portales, Santiago, Chile
- Centro de Estudios en Neurociencia Humana y Neuropsicología (CENHN), Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Diego Portales, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alejandra Rossi
- Centro de Estudios en Neurociencia Humana y Neuropsicología (CENHN), Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Diego Portales, Santiago, Chile
| | - Javiera Duarte
- Centro de Estudios en Psicología Clínica y Psicoterapia (CEPPS), Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Diego Portales, Santiago, Chile
- Instituto Milenio Depresión y Personalidad (MIDAP), Santiago, Chile
| | - Flavia Guiñazu
- Web Intelligence Centre, Facultad de Ingeniería Industrial, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudia P. Cortes
- Hospital Clínico San Borja Arriarán & Fundación Arriarán, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Bonar EE, Bauermeister JA, Blow FC, Bohnert ASB, Bourque C, Coughlin LN, Davis AK, Florimbio AR, Goldstick JE, Wisnieski DM, Young SD, Walton MA. A randomized controlled trial of social media interventions for risky drinking among adolescents and emerging adults. Drug Alcohol Depend 2022; 237:109532. [PMID: 35759874 PMCID: PMC9745675 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2022.109532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Alcohol use among adolescents and emerging adults is an important public health issue requiring prevention approaches. Herein, we describe outcomes from a randomized controlled trial testing the efficacy of group-based social media interventions targeting risky drinking among youth. PROCEDURES Using social media advertisements to screen potential participants, we recruited 955 youth (ages 16-24) reporting recent risky drinking. After completing a baseline assessment, participants were randomized to 8-week secret Facebook group conditions: Social Media Intervention + Incentives for engagement, Social Media Intervention only, and attention-placebo control. Electronic coaches trained in motivational interviewing facilitated interaction in intervention groups. Primary outcomes include past 3-month alcohol use and consequences over 3-, 6-, and 12-month follow-ups. Secondary outcomes include other drug use, consequences, and impaired driving. We also measured intervention engagement and acceptability. RESULTS The interventions were well-received, with significantly greater acceptability ratings and engagement in the SMI+I condition relative to other groups. In adjusted analyses, there were no significant differences between interventions and control on alcohol-related outcomes, with all groups showing reductions. Regarding secondary outcomes (70.4% used other drugs), compared to control, the incentivized group reduced other drug use, consequences, and cannabis-impaired driving; the non-incentivized group did not significantly differ from the control condition. CONCLUSIONS Among this predominantly poly-substance using sample, findings were mixed, with significant effects of the incentivized social media intervention on drug (but not alcohol) outcomes. Future studies are needed to further refine social media-delivered interventions to reduce alcohol and other drug use. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02809586; University of Michigan HUM#00102242.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erin E. Bonar
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, North Campus Research Complex, 2800 Plymouth Rd. Building 16, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA,Addiction Center, University of Michigan, North Campus Research Complex, 2800 Plymouth Rd. Building 16, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA,Injury Prevention Center, University of Michigan, North Campus Research Complex, 2800 Plymouth Rd. Building 10, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - José A. Bauermeister
- Department of Family and Community Health, School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Frederic C. Blow
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, North Campus Research Complex, 2800 Plymouth Rd. Building 16, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA,Addiction Center, University of Michigan, North Campus Research Complex, 2800 Plymouth Rd. Building 16, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA,Veterans Health Administration, Center for Clinical Management Research, North Campus Research Complex, 2800 Plymouth Rd Bldg 16, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Amy S. B. Bohnert
- Veterans Health Administration, Center for Clinical Management Research, North Campus Research Complex, 2800 Plymouth Rd Bldg 16, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA,Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, North Campus Research Complex, 2800 Plymouth Rd. Building 16, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Carrie Bourque
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, North Campus Research Complex, 2800 Plymouth Rd. Building 16, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA,Addiction Center, University of Michigan, North Campus Research Complex, 2800 Plymouth Rd. Building 16, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Lara N. Coughlin
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, North Campus Research Complex, 2800 Plymouth Rd. Building 16, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA,Addiction Center, University of Michigan, North Campus Research Complex, 2800 Plymouth Rd. Building 16, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA,Injury Prevention Center, University of Michigan, North Campus Research Complex, 2800 Plymouth Rd. Building 10, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Alan K. Davis
- Center for Psychedelic Drug Research and Education, College of Social Work, The Ohio State University, 1947 College Rd, Columbus, OH 43210 USA,Center for Psychedelic and Consciousness Research, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 5510 Nathan Shock Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA
| | - Autumn Rae Florimbio
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, North Campus Research Complex, 2800 Plymouth Rd. Building 16, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA,Addiction Center, University of Michigan, North Campus Research Complex, 2800 Plymouth Rd. Building 16, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Jason E. Goldstick
- Injury Prevention Center, University of Michigan, North Campus Research Complex, 2800 Plymouth Rd. Building 10, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA,Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan, North Campus Research Complex, 2800 Plymouth Rd Bldg 10-G080, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA,Health Behavior & Health Education, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105
| | - Diane M. Wisnieski
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, North Campus Research Complex, 2800 Plymouth Rd. Building 16, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA,Addiction Center, University of Michigan, North Campus Research Complex, 2800 Plymouth Rd. Building 16, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Sean D. Young
- Department of Informatics, Donald Bren School of Information and Computer Sciences, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697,Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Maureen A. Walton
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, North Campus Research Complex, 2800 Plymouth Rd. Building 16, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA,Addiction Center, University of Michigan, North Campus Research Complex, 2800 Plymouth Rd. Building 16, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA,Injury Prevention Center, University of Michigan, North Campus Research Complex, 2800 Plymouth Rd. Building 10, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Lepage S, Conway A, Goodson N, Wicks P, Devane D. Online randomised trials with children: A scoping review protocol. HRB Open Res 2022. [DOI: 10.12688/hrbopenres.13566.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: This scoping review will determine how online, randomised trials with children are conducted. The objectives of the review are: (a) to determine what methods and tools have been used to create and conduct online trials with children and (b) to identify the gaps in the knowledge in this field. Over the last decade, randomised trials employing online methods have gained traction. Decentralised methods lend themselves to certain types of trials and can offer advantages over traditional trial methods, potentially increasing participant reach and diversity and decreasing research waste. However, decentralised trials that have all aspects of the trial exclusively online are not yet common, and those involving children even less so. This scoping review will describe and evaluate the methods used in these trials to understand how they may be effectively employed. Methods: Methods are informed by guidance from the Joanna Briggs Institute and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses extension for scoping reviews. The search strategy was developed in consultation with an information specialist for the following databases: MEDLINE, CENTRAL, CINAHL, and Embase. Grey literature searches will be completed with the consultation of experts in decentralised trials and digital health using internet searches and suitable trial registries. Once identified, included full-text studies’ references will be manually searched for any trials that may have been missed. We will include randomised and quasi-randomised trials conducted exclusively online with participants under the age of 18 published in English. We will not limit by country of conduct or date of publication. Data will be collected using a data charting tool and presented in text, graphical, and tabular formats. Ethics and Dissemination: Ethical approval is not needed since all data sources used are publicly available. The review will be available as a preprint before publication in an open-access, peer-reviewed journal.
Collapse
|
21
|
Alsyouf A, Lutfi A, Al-Bsheish M, Jarrar M, Al-Mugheed K, Almaiah MA, Alhazmi FN, Masa’deh R, Anshasi RJ, Ashour A. Exposure Detection Applications Acceptance: The Case of COVID-19. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19127307. [PMID: 35742560 PMCID: PMC9223380 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19127307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The pandemic's context is rife with numerous dangerous threats and high fear levels, influencing human decision-making. Such characteristics are identified by investigating the acceptance of exposure detection apps from the technology acceptance model (TAM) perspective. This study purposed a model to investigate protection technology acceptance, specifically exposure detection apps in the context of COVID-19. Quantitative study approach and a cross-section design targeted 586 participants from Saudi Arabia. As the study model is complex, the study hypotheses were analysed using the structural equation modelling-partial least squares (SEM-PLS3) approach. The findings support the entire model hypothesis except the link between social media awareness and exposure detection apps' intention. Mediation of COVID-19 anxiety and influence was confirmed as well. The current paper contributes to the technologies acceptance domain by developing a context-driven model comprising the major pandemic characteristics that lead to various patterns of technology acceptance. This study also fills the literature gap regarding mediating effects of social influence and COVID-19 anxiety in the relationship between trust in government and exposure detection apps implementation, and between COVID-19 anxiety and exposure detection apps implementation, respectively. The results may assist government agencies, health policymakers, and health organisations in the wide world and specifically Saudi Arabia, in their attempts to contain the COVID-19 pandemic spread.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adi Alsyouf
- Department of Managing Health Services and Hospitals, Faculty of Business Rabigh, College of Business (COB), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21991, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (A.A.); (A.L.)
| | - Abdalwali Lutfi
- Department of Accounting, College of Business Administration, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (A.A.); (A.L.)
| | - Mohammad Al-Bsheish
- Health Management Department, Batterjee Medical College, Jeddah 21442, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mu’taman Jarrar
- Medical Education Department, King Fahd Hospital of the University, Al-Khobar 34445, Saudi Arabia;
- Vice Deanship for Quality and Development, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 34212, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Al-Mugheed
- Surgical Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, Near East University, Nicosia 99138, Cyprus;
| | - Mohammed Amin Almaiah
- Department of Computer Networks, College of Computer Sciences and Information Technology, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Fahad Nasser Alhazmi
- Department of Health Services and Hospital Administration, Faculty of Economics and Administration, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ra’ed Masa’deh
- Department of Management Information Systems, School of Business, University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan;
| | - Rami J. Anshasi
- Prosthodontics Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan;
| | - Abdallah Ashour
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Philadelphia University, Amman 19392, Jordan;
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Pinto R, Silva L, Valentim R, Kumar V, Gusmão C, Oliveira CA, Lacerda J. Systematic Review on Information Technology Approaches to Evaluate the Impact of Public Health Campaigns: Real Cases and Possible Directions. Front Public Health 2022; 9:715403. [PMID: 35087780 PMCID: PMC8787277 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.715403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Evaluating the success of a public health campaign is critical. It helps policy makers to improve prevention strategies and close existing gaps. For instance, Brazil's “Syphilis No!” campaign reached many people, but how do we analyze its real impact on population awareness? Are epidemiologic variables sufficient? This study examined literature on using of information technology approaches to analyze the impact of public health campaigns. We began the systematic review with 276 papers and narrowed it down to 17, which analyzed campaigns. In addition to epidemiological variables, other types of variables of interest included: level of (i) access to the campaign website, (ii) subject knowledge and awareness, based on questionnaires, (iii) target population's interest, measured from both online search engine and engagement with Social Network Service, and (iv) campaign exposure through advertising, using data from television commercials. Furthermore, we evaluated the impact by considering several dimensions such as: communication, epidemiology, and policy enforcement. Our findings provide researchers with an overview of various dimensions, and variables-of-interest, for measuring public campaign impact, and examples of how and which campaigns have used them.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Pinto
- Department of Informatics and Applied Mathematics, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil.,Laboratory of Technological Innovation in Health (LAIS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil.,Information Systems Coordination, Federal Institute of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Lyrene Silva
- Department of Informatics and Applied Mathematics, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Valentim
- Laboratory of Technological Innovation in Health (LAIS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Vivekanandan Kumar
- School of Computing and Information Systems, Athabasca University, Athabasca, Canada
| | - Cristine Gusmão
- Laboratory of Technological Innovation in Health (LAIS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Carlos Alberto Oliveira
- Laboratory of Technological Innovation in Health (LAIS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil.,Multidisciplinary Department of Human Development with Technologies, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Juciano Lacerda
- Laboratory of Technological Innovation in Health (LAIS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil.,Department of Social Communication, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Xu MA, Griffin M, Jaiswal J. An Examination of Condom Brand's Social Media Influence on Sexual Health Messages. HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2022:1-10. [PMID: 35345956 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2022.2042144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Social media is a primary source of sexual health information for young adults. Increased exposure to sexual health education on social media is associated with safer sexual behavior. Given the diversity of social media accounts, condom brands may be a trusted source of sexual health information. We quantified user interactions on the social media posts of the three most frequently used social media sites of condom brands from January 2020 to June 2021. We analyzed the reach each account had in terms of sexual health information separated into three categories: sexual health education, sexual health resources and social issues relating to sexual health. On Instagram, 48% of posts provide sexual health education, 5% mention resources, and 23% mention social issues. On YouTube 68% of posts provide sexual health education, 35% mention resources, and 31% mention social issues. Providing sexual health education had a positive association with likes on Instagram (n = 923, t = 4.09, p < .001). In terms of sexual health education topics, posts pertaining to reproductive health and sexual self-acceptance were a positive predictor of likes on Instagram (n = 56, t = 7.00, p < .001, n = 77, t = 2.37, p = .015 respectively). Posts pertaining to sex were a positive predictor of likes both on Instagram (n = 74, t = 2.79, p = .005) and YouTube (n = 57, t = 2.21, p = .029). These findings suggest that the sexual health education and resources provided by condom brands have significant reach and positive reception. To promote sexual health to a larger and more receptive audience, future research and education campaigns should recognize and utilize the social media influence of condom brands.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mia Ann Xu
- School of Global Public Health, New York University
| | - Marybec Griffin
- Department of Health Behavior, Society & Policy, Rutgers School of Public Health, Rutgers University
- Center for Health, Identity, Behavior & Prevention Studies, Rutgers University
| | - Jessica Jaiswal
- Center for Health, Identity, Behavior & Prevention Studies, Rutgers University
- Department of Health Science, University of Alabama
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research on AIDS, Yale University
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Bonar EE, Goldstick JE, Chapman L, Bauermeister JA, Young SD, McAfee J, Walton MA. A social media intervention for cannabis use among emerging adults: Randomized controlled trial. Drug Alcohol Depend 2022; 232:109345. [PMID: 35144238 PMCID: PMC9549699 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2022.109345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cannabis use is increasing among emerging adults (ages 18-25), necessitating the need for prevention interventions. Using a novel platform - social media - we developed an 8-week motivational interviewing and cognitive-behavioral intervention targeting cannabis use among emerging adults. Herein, we report on the feasibility and acceptability of the intervention in a pilot trial. PROCEDURES For NCT04187989 we recruited N = 149 emerging adults who used cannabis (at least 3 times/week for the past month) using social media advertising. Their mean age was 21.0 years (SD = 2.2); 55.7% were female. Most were White (70.5%; 20.1% Black/African American, 9.4% Other races), with 20.1% identifying as Hispanic/Latinx. Participants were randomized to the 8-week intervention or an 8-week attention-placebo control condition, both delivered in secret Facebook groups by electronic health coaches (e-coaches). Follow-up assessments occurred at 3- and 6-months. RESULTS The intervention was well-received and follow-up rates were high; fidelity was good. Intervention participants rated e-coaches significantly higher in terms of helpfulness, warmth, etc., compared to control participants. Intervention participants were more likely to engage with and recommend the group. In terms of percentage reductions in cannabis outcomes, the intervention group evidenced absolute reductions over time in several measures of cannabis consumption across modalities. In an adjusted model, reductions in vaping days in the intervention group, relative to attention-control, reached statistical significance (p = .020, D =.40). CONCLUSIONS This social media intervention for emerging adults' cannabis use was feasible and acceptable in the target population warranting future testing in a fully powered trial.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erin E. Bonar
- Addiction Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, North Campus Research Complex, 2800 Plymouth Rd. Building 16, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA,Injury Prevention Center, University of Michigan, North Campus Research Complex, 2800 Plymouth Rd. Building 10, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA,Center for Sexuality and Health Disparities, University of Michigan, 400 North Ingalls Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Jason E. Goldstick
- Injury Prevention Center, University of Michigan, North Campus Research Complex, 2800 Plymouth Rd. Building 10, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA,Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan, North Campus Research Complex, 2800 Plymouth Rd. Building 10, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA,Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Lyndsay Chapman
- Addiction Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, North Campus Research Complex, 2800 Plymouth Rd. Building 16, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - José A. Bauermeister
- Department of Family and Community Health, School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Sean D. Young
- Department of Informatics, Donald Bren School of Information and Computer Sciences, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697,Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Jenna McAfee
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Maureen A. Walton
- Addiction Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, North Campus Research Complex, 2800 Plymouth Rd. Building 16, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA,Injury Prevention Center, University of Michigan, North Campus Research Complex, 2800 Plymouth Rd. Building 10, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Stark AL, Geukes C, Dockweiler C. Digital Health Promotion and Prevention in Settings: Scoping Review. J Med Internet Res 2022; 24:e21063. [PMID: 35089140 PMCID: PMC8838600 DOI: 10.2196/21063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Digital technologies are increasingly integrating into people's daily living environments such as schools, sport clubs, and health care facilities. These settings play a crucial role for health promotion and prevention because they affect the health of their members, as the World Health Organization has declared. Implementing digital health promotion and prevention in settings offers the opportunity to reach specific target groups, lower the costs of implementation, and improve the health of the population. Currently, there is a lack of scientific evidence that reviews the research on digital health promotion and prevention in settings. OBJECTIVE This scoping review aims to provide an overview of research targeting digital health promotion and primary prevention in settings. It assesses the range of scientific literature regarding outcomes such as applied technology, targeted setting, and area of health promotion or prevention, as well as identifies research gaps. METHODS The scoping review was conducted following the Levac, Colquhoun, and O'Brien framework. We searched scientific databases and gray literature for articles on digital setting-based health promotion and prevention published from 2010 to January 2020. We included empirical and nonempirical publications in English or German and excluded secondary or tertiary prevention and health promotion at the workplace. RESULTS From 8888 records, the search resulted in 200 (2.25%) included publications. We identified a huge diversity of literature regarding digital setting-based health promotion and prevention. The variety of technology types extends from computer- and web-based programs to mobile devices (eg, smartphone apps) and telemonitoring devices (sensors). We found analog, digital, and blended settings in which digital health promotion and prevention takes place. The most frequent analog settings were schools (39/200, 19.5%) and neighborhoods or communities (24/200, 12%). Social media apps were also included because in some studies they were defined as a (digital) setting. They accounted for 31.5% (63/200) of the identified settings. The most commonly focused areas of health promotion and prevention were physical activity (81/200, 40.5%), nutrition (45/200, 22.5%), and sexual health (34/200, 17%). Most of the interventions combined several health promotion or prevention methods, including environmental change; providing information, social support, training, or incentives; and monitoring. Finally, we found that the articles mostly reported on behavioral rather than structural health promotion and prevention. CONCLUSIONS The research field of digital health promotion and prevention in settings is heterogeneous. At the same time, we identified research gaps regarding the absence of valid definitions of relevant terms (eg, digital settings) and the lack of literature on structural health promotion and prevention in settings. Therefore, it remains unclear how digital technologies can contribute to structural (or organizational) changes in settings. More research is needed to successfully implement digital technologies to achieve health promotion and prevention in settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Lea Stark
- School of Public Health, Centre for ePublic Health, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Cornelia Geukes
- School of Public Health, Centre for ePublic Health, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Abstract
We propose an adaptation of Urie Bronfenbrenner's bioecological theory, neo-ecological theory. As bioecological theory was developed in the 20th century, it requires significant modifications to reflect some of the most ubiquitous contexts in which adolescents learn, play, and grow-the technological and virtual ones. Although several scholars have developed laudable theories related to youth development in virtual contexts, the field lacks an overarching theory to address the intersection of development and technology. In developing neo-ecological theory, we hold true to the tenets of bioecological theory, but suggest key modifications to reflect our technologized world. We delineate a key alteration to the microsystem, namely the existence of two types of microsystems-physical and virtual. In addition, we emphasize the importance of macrosystemic influences (i.e., the influences of culture and within-society subcultural variation) in understanding development in the digital age. The implications of these modifications cascade across the Process-Person-Context-Time (PPCT) model; proximal processes, person characteristics, context, and time are all reexamined. In the digital age, virtual microsystems are central contexts in which youth engage in proximal processes. As such, we believe that all scholars of development, regardless of their specific research interests, should consider the ways digital contexts influence their outcomes of interest. Without it, practitioners, policy makers, parents, and technologists will be in the dark about how best to support adolescents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L. Navarro
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, The University of North Carolina, PO Box 26170, Greensboro, NC 27402-6170 USA
| | - Jonathan R. H. Tudge
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, The University of North Carolina, PO Box 26170, Greensboro, NC 27402-6170 USA
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Farsi D, Martinez-Menchaca HR, Ahmed M, Farsi N. Social Media and Health Care (Part II): Narrative Review of Social Media Use by Patients. J Med Internet Res 2022; 24:e30379. [PMID: 34994706 PMCID: PMC8783277 DOI: 10.2196/30379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background People are now connected in a borderless web-based world. The modern public, especially the younger generation, relies heavily on the internet as the main source of health-related information. In health care, patients can use social media for more tailored uses such as telemedicine, finding a provider, and for peer support. Objective The aim of this narrative review is to discuss how social media has been used in the health care industry from the perspective of patients and describe the main issues surrounding its use in health care. Methods Between March and June 2020, a review of the literature was conducted on PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Science for English studies that were published since 2007 and discussed the use of social media in health care. In addition to only English publications that discussed the use of social media by patients, publications pertaining to ethical and legal considerations in the use of social media were included. The studies were then categorized as health information, telemedicine, finding a health care provider, peer support and sharing experiences, and influencing positive health behavior. In addition, two more sections were added to the review: issues pertaining to social media use in health care and ethical considerations. Results Initially, 75 studies were included. As the study proceeded, more studies were included, and a total of 91 studies were reviewed, complemented by 1 textbook chapter and 13 web references. Approximately half of the studies were reviews. The first study was published in 2009, and the last was published in 2021, with more than half of the studies published in the last 5 years. The studies were mostly from the United States (n=40), followed by Europe (n=13), and the least from India (n=1). WhatsApp or WeChat was the most investigated social media platform. Conclusions Social media can be used by the public and patients to improve their health and knowledge. However, due diligence must be practiced to assess the credibility of the information obtained and its source. Health care providers, patients, and the public need not forget the risks associated with the use of social media. The limitations and shortcomings of the use of social media by patients should be understood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deema Farsi
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hector R Martinez-Menchaca
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | | | - Nada Farsi
- Department of Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Dike IC, Ebizie EN, Njoku OC, Oraelosi CA, Egbe CI, Nnamani AP, Ezeaku MN, Ihuoma EC, Otu MS, Okechukwu FO, Anowai CC, Nnodim EJ, Ukwuezeh CP, Onuorah AR, Onwuegbuchulam AC. Improving knowledge and perception of HIV/AIDS among English language speaking children in rural areas through educational digital storytelling. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e28058. [PMID: 34918660 PMCID: PMC8678000 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000028058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE Previous research efforts have shown the need for improvement of knowledge and perception of HIV/AIDS among English Language speaking children in rural areas. Hence, the study at hand was designed to investigate the effect of using educational digital storytelling intervention to satisfy this need of English Language children in rural areas in Nigeria. METHOD The study adopted a randomized control design involving a pretest, post-test, and follow-up measures. Eight-four children (n = 84) took part in the study. The HIV Knowledge Questionnaire (HIV-KQ-18) and the Perceived Risk of HIV Scale (PRHS) were used for data collection. Data were analyzed using t test statistics. RESULT The educational digital storytelling intervention in appreciably improved knowledge and perception of English language children in rural areas who participated in the intervention concerning HIV/AIDS compared with their peers in the no-intervention control group. The improvement in knowledge and perception gained was also maintained throughout the follow-up evaluation period. CONCLUSION The present study showed that the use of educational digital storytelling could improve knowledge and perception of HIV/AIDS among English Language speaking children in rural areas. Educational digital storytelling intervention effectively improved knowledge and perception of HIV/AIDS among children in rural areas. In return, we recommend that rural sociologists, counselors, language and communication experts, child educators, and other professionals involved in public health especially, as it concerns children be skilled in the use and application of educational digital storytelling intervention procedures to facilitate the move towards adopting the method in their professional practices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Elizabeth N. Ebizie
- Department of Educational Foundations, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Obiageli C. Njoku
- Department of Educational Foundations, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Charles A. Oraelosi
- Department of Educational Foundations, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | | | | | - Margret N. Ezeaku
- Department of Home Economics and Hospitality Management Education University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | | | | | - Franca Obiageli Okechukwu
- Department of Home Economics and Hospitality Management Education University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Chinwe Christiana Anowai
- Department of Home Economics and Hospitality Management Education University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Ezine Judith Nnodim
- Department of Home Economics and Hospitality Management Education University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | | | - Adaorah R. Onuorah
- Department of Educational Foundations, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Olamijuwon E, Clifford O, Adjiwanou V. Understanding how young African adults interact with peer-generated sexual health information on Facebook and uncovering strategies for successful organic engagement. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:2153. [PMID: 34819036 PMCID: PMC8611981 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-12165-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The use of social media for sexual health communication is gaining intense discussion both globally and in Africa. Despite this reality, it remains unclear whether and how young African adults use digital innovations like social media to access sexual health information. More importantly, the unique properties of messages that increase message reach and propagation are not well understood. This study aims to fill the gaps in scholarship by identifying post features and content associated with greater user engagement. Methods We analyzed a corpus of 3533 sexual and reproductive health messages shared on a public Facebook group by and for young African adults between June 1, 2018, and May 31, 2019, to understand better the unique features associated with higher engagement with peer-generated sexual health education. Facebook posts were independently classified into thematic categories such as topic, strategy, and tone of communication. Results The participants generally engaged with posts superficially by liking (x̃ = 54; x̄ = 109.28; σ = 159.24) rather than leaving comments (x̃ = 10; x̄ = 32.03; σ = 62.65) or sharing (x̃ = 3; x̄ = 11.34; σ = 55.12) the wallposts. Messages with fear [IRR:0.75, 95% CI: 0.66–0.86] or guilt [IRR:0.82, 95% CI: 0.72–0.92] appeals received a significantly lower number of reactions compared to neutral messages. Messages requesting an opinion [IRR:4.25, 95% CI: 3.57–5.10] had a significantly higher number of comments compared to status updates. The use of multimedia and storytelling formats were also significantly associated with a higher level of engagement and propagation of sexual health messages on the group. Conclusion Young adults in our sample tend to superficially interact with peer-communicated sexual health information through likes than engage (comments) or propagate such messages. Message features that increase engagements and propagation of messages include multimedia and engaging styles like storytelling. Our findings provide valuable insight and pave the way for the design of effective and context-specific sexual health information use of features that attract young African adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Olamijuwon
- Demography and Population Studies Programme, Schools of Public Health and Social Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa. .,Department of Statistics and Demography, School of Social Science, University of Eswatini, Kwaluseni Campus, Kwaluseni, Eswatini. .,Population and Health Research Group, School of Geography and Sustainable Development, University of St Andrews, Fife, UK.
| | - Odimegwu Clifford
- Demography and Population Studies Programme, Schools of Public Health and Social Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Visseho Adjiwanou
- Department of Sociology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Theory-Based Social and Non-Social Engagement Features in Smoking Cessation Mobile Apps: A Content Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18179106. [PMID: 34501696 PMCID: PMC8431714 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18179106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Despite the ubiquity of smartphone ownership and the increasing integration of social engagement features in smoking cessation apps to engage users, the social and non-social engagement features that are present in current smoking cessation apps and the effectiveness of these features in engaging users remain understudied. To fill the gap in the literature, a content analysis of free and paid smoking cessation mobile apps was conducted to examine (a) the presence of social features (i.e., social support, social announcement, and social referencing) and non-social engagement features (e.g., personal environmental changes, goal setting, progress tracking, reinforcement tracking, self-monitoring, and personalized recommendations) and (b) their relationships with user engagement scores measured by the Mobile App Rating Scale. In this study, 28.2% of the smoking cessation apps enable social announcement and 8.1% offered the social support feature. Only two apps provided a social referencing feature (1.3%). No app included reinforcement tracking, with the percentage of other non-social engagement features ranging from 9.4% to 49.0%. Social support (β = 0.30, p < 0.001), social announcement (β = 0.21, p < 0.05), and social referencing (β = 0.18, p < 0.05) were significant predictors of user engagement. Regarding the non-social engagement features, personal environment changes (β = 0.38, p < 0.001), progress tracking (β = 0.18, p < 0.05), and personalized recommendations (β = 0.37, p < 0.001) significantly predicted user engagement. The findings not only contribute to the mobile communication literature by applying and extending the theory-based mobile health apps engagement typology, but also inform the future architecture design of smoking cessation mobile apps.
Collapse
|
31
|
Thakur N, Lovinsky-Desir S, Appell D, Bime C, Castro L, Celedón JC, Ferreira J, George M, Mageto Y, Mainous III AG, Pakhale S, Riekert KA, Roman J, Ruvalcaba E, Sharma S, Shete P, Wisnivesky JP, Holguin F. Enhancing Recruitment and Retention of Minority Populations for Clinical Research in Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine: An Official American Thoracic Society Research Statement. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2021; 204:e26-e50. [PMID: 34347574 PMCID: PMC8513588 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202105-1210st] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Well-designed clinical research needs to obtain information that is applicable to the general population. However, most current studies fail to include substantial cohorts of racial/ethnic minority populations. Such underrepresentation may lead to delayed diagnosis or misdiagnosis of disease, wide application of approved interventions without appropriate knowledge of their usefulness in certain populations, and development of recommendations that are not broadly applicable.Goals: To develop best practices for recruitment and retention of racial/ethnic minorities for clinical research in pulmonary, critical care, and sleep medicine.Methods: The American Thoracic Society convened a workshop in May of 2019. This included an international interprofessional group from academia, industry, the NIH, and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, with expertise ranging from clinical and biomedical research to community-based participatory research methods and patient advocacy. Workshop participants addressed historical and current mistrust of scientific research, systemic bias, and social and structural barriers to minority participation in clinical research. A literature search of PubMed and Google Scholar was performed to support conclusions. The search was not a systematic review of the literature.Results: Barriers at the individual, interpersonal, institutional, and federal/policy levels were identified as limiting to minority participation in clinical research. Through the use of a multilevel framework, workshop participants proposed evidence-based solutions to the identified barriers.Conclusions: To date, minority participation in clinical research is not representative of the U.S. and global populations. This American Thoracic Society research statement identifies potential evidence-based solutions by applying a multilevel framework that is anchored in community engagement methods and patient advocacy.
Collapse
|
32
|
Ruco A, Dossa F, Tinmouth J, Llovet D, Jacobson J, Kishibe T, Baxter N. Social Media and mHealth Technology for Cancer Screening: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. J Med Internet Res 2021; 23:e26759. [PMID: 34328423 PMCID: PMC8367160 DOI: 10.2196/26759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cancer is a leading cause of death, and although screening can reduce cancer morbidity and mortality, participation in screening remains suboptimal. Objective This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to evaluate the effectiveness of social media and mobile health (mHealth) interventions for cancer screening. Methods We searched for randomized controlled trials and quasi-experimental studies of social media and mHealth interventions promoting cancer screening (breast, cervical, colorectal, lung, and prostate cancers) in adults in MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, Scopus, CINAHL, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Communication & Mass Media Complete from January 1, 2000, to July 17, 2020. Two independent reviewers screened the titles, abstracts, and full-text articles and completed the risk of bias assessments. We pooled odds ratios for screening participation using the Mantel-Haenszel method in a random-effects model. Results We screened 18,008 records identifying 39 studies (35 mHealth and 4 social media). The types of interventions included peer support (n=1), education or awareness (n=6), reminders (n=13), or mixed (n=19). The overall pooled odds ratio was 1.49 (95% CI 1.31-1.70), with similar effect sizes across cancer types. Conclusions Screening programs should consider mHealth interventions because of their promising role in promoting cancer screening participation. Given the limited number of studies identified, further research is needed for social media interventions. Trial Registration PROSPERO International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews CRD42019139615; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=139615 International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) RR2-10.1136/bmjopen-2019-035411
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arlinda Ruco
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Fahima Dossa
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jill Tinmouth
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Prevention & Cancer Control, Ontario Health (Cancer Care Ontario), Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Diego Llovet
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Prevention & Cancer Control, Ontario Health (Cancer Care Ontario), Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jenna Jacobson
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Ted Rogers School of Management, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Teruko Kishibe
- Library Services, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nancy Baxter
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Noar SM, Willoughby JF, Crosby R, Webb EM, Van Stee SK, Feist-Price S, Davis E. Acceptability of a Computer-Tailored Safer Sex Intervention for Heterosexually Active African Americans Attending an STI Clinic. J Prim Prev 2021; 41:211-227. [PMID: 32157623 DOI: 10.1007/s10935-020-00585-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Since African Americans are disproportionately affected by HIV/AIDS, interventions that increase correct and consistent condom use are urgently needed. We report baseline acceptability data from a randomized controlled trial (RCT) testing the Tailored Information Program for Safer Sex, a computer-tailored intervention designed to increase correct and consistent condom use among low income, heterosexually active African Americans attending an urban sexually transmitted infection (STI) clinic. We enrolled 274 participants at baseline in an RCT-147 in the intervention group. The intervention had high acceptability, with a mean acceptability of 4.35 on a 5-point scale. We conducted a multiple regression analysis examining demographic, structural, and sexual risk characteristics that revealed only sex to be significantly (p < .01) associated with intervention acceptability. While women were more likely than men to find the intervention acceptable, overall the results indicated broad acceptability of this intervention to the target audience. eHealth interventions are a viable option for HIV prevention among African Americans visiting a publicly-funded STI clinic. We discuss implications of these results for the future application of such programs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seth M Noar
- Hussman School of Journalism and Media, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 382 Carroll Hall, Campus Box 3365, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-3365, USA. .,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA.
| | | | - Richard Crosby
- College of Public Health, University of Kentucky, Lexington, USA
| | - Elizabeth M Webb
- Department of Communication, University of South Carolina Aiken, Aiken, USA
| | - Stephanie K Van Stee
- Department of Communication and Media, University of Missouri-St. Louis, St. Louis, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Escobar-Viera CG, Melcher EM, Miller RS, Whitfield DL, Jacobson-López D, Gordon JD, Ballard AJ, Rollman BL, Pagoto S. A systematic review of the engagement with social media-delivered interventions for improving health outcomes among sexual and gender minorities. Internet Interv 2021; 25:100428. [PMID: 34401387 PMCID: PMC8350614 DOI: 10.1016/j.invent.2021.100428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sexual and gender minority (SGM) persons face a number of physical and mental health disparities closely linked to discrimination, social stigma, and victimization. Despite the acceptability and increasing number of digital health interventions focused on improving health outcomes among SGM people, there is a lack of reviews summarizing whether and how researchers assess engagement with social media-delivered health interventions for this group. OBJECTIVE The objective of this systematic review was to synthesize and critique the evidence on evaluation of engagement with social media-delivered interventions for improving health outcomes among SGM persons. METHODS We conducted a literature search for studies published between January 2003 and June 2020 using 4 electronic databases. Articles were included if they were peer-reviewed, in English language, assessed engagement with a social media-delivered health intervention for improving health outcomes among sexual and gender minorities. A minimum of two authors independently extracted data from each study using an a priori developed abstraction form. We assessed quality of data reporting using the CONSORT extension for pilot and feasibility studies and CONSORT statement parallel group randomized trials. RESULTS We included 18 articles in the review; 15 were feasibility studies and 3 were efficacy or effectiveness randomized trials. The quality of data reporting varied considerably. The vast majority of articles focused on improving HIV-related outcomes among men who have sex with men. Only three studies recruited cisgender women and/or transgender persons. We found heterogeneity in how engagement was defined and assessed. Intervention usage from social media data was the most frequently used engagement measure. CONCLUSION In addition to the heterogeneity in defining and assessing engagement, we found that the focus of assessment was often on measures of intervention usage only. More purposeful recruitment is needed to learn about whether, how, and why different SGM groups engage with social media-interventions. This leaves significant room for future research to expand evaluation criteria for cognitive and emotional aspects of intervention engagement in order to develop effective and tailored social media-delivered interventions for SGM people. Our findings also support the need for developing and testing social media-delivered interventions that focus on improving mental health and outcomes related to chronic health conditions among SGM persons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- César G. Escobar-Viera
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, United States of America,Corresponding author at: Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Room 505 Bellefield Towers, 3811 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States of America.
| | - Eleanna M. Melcher
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, United States of America
| | - Rebekah S. Miller
- Health Sciences Library System, University of Pittsburgh, United States of America
| | | | - Daniel Jacobson-López
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, United States of America
| | - Jacob D. Gordon
- School of Social Work, University of Pittsburgh, United States of America
| | - Adrian J. Ballard
- School of Social Work, University of Pittsburgh, United States of America
| | - Bruce L. Rollman
- Center for Behavioral Health, Media, and Technology, Division of General Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, United States of America
| | - Sherry Pagoto
- UConn Center for mHealth and Social Media, Department of Allied Health Sciences, College of Agriculture, Health, and Natural Sciences, University of Connecticut, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Lai MHC. Bootstrap Confidence Intervals for Multilevel Standardized Effect Size. MULTIVARIATE BEHAVIORAL RESEARCH 2021; 56:558-578. [PMID: 32279536 DOI: 10.1080/00273171.2020.1746902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Although many methodologists and professional organizations have urged applied researchers to compute and report effect size measures accompanying tests of statistical significance, discussions on obtaining confidence intervals (CIs) for effect size with clustered/multilevel data have been scarce. In this paper, I explore the bootstrap as a viable and accessible alternative for obtaining CIs for multilevel standardized mean difference effect size for cluster-randomized trials. A simulation was carried out to compare 17 analytic and bootstrap procedures for constructing CIs for multilevel effect size, in terms of empirical coverage rate and width, for both normal and nonnormal data. Results showed that, overall, the residual bootstrap with studentized CI had the best coverage rates (94.75% on average), whereas the residual bootstrap with basic CI had better coverage in small samples. These two procedures for constructing CIs showed better coverage than using analytic methods for both normal and nonnormal data. In addition, I provide an illustrative example showing how bootstrap CIs for multilevel effect size can be easily obtained using the statistical software R and the R package bootmlm. I strongly encourage applied researchers to report CIs to adequately convey the uncertainty of their effect size estimates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark H C Lai
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Weser VU, Opara I, Sands BE, Fernandes CSF, Hieftje KD. How Black Teen Girls Navigate Social Media to Form Romantic Relationships. SOCIAL MEDIA + SOCIETY 2021; 7:10.1177/20563051211033823. [PMID: 34858631 PMCID: PMC8634895 DOI: 10.1177/20563051211033823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to explore the use of social media within the context of heterosexual Black teen girls' romantic partner selection processes. To better understand Black teen girls' experiences, five focus groups (N = 27; aged 14-18 years) were conducted over Zoom. An inductive thematic analysis revealed four major themes: (1) the use of different platforms to gather different types of information, (2) the rules of social media scouting, (3) detecting partner qualities through social media, and (4) exploring Black teen girls' experience with social media and dating. Participants in our study primarily used Instagram to understand a potential partner's true self, while Twitter was used to assess a potential partner's political leanings. Our participants shared numerous "rules" related to the partner-scouting process. Black teen girls in our study explained that photos index a potential partner's style and hygiene, while memes were used to gauge sense of humor compatibility. More specific to Black teen girls, across all focus groups, participants shared their experiences of racism and bias, such as being associated with Black stereotypes, cultural invalidation, and being accused of "acting White." Although teen girls of various racial and ethnic groups may use social media to vet romantic partners, findings reveal that Black teen girls navigate social media in a unique way, including being highly attuned to signs of bias. Our findings suggest that in the first few months of COVID-19 social distancing had little impact on our participant's practice of using social media to vet potential romantic partners.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Veronica U. Weser
- Yale School of Medicine, USA
- Yale Center for Health & Learning Games, USA
| | - Ijeoma Opara
- SUNY Stony Brook University, USA
- Yale School of Public Health, USA
| | - Brandon E. Sands
- Yale School of Medicine, USA
- Yale Center for Health & Learning Games, USA
| | | | - Kimberly D. Hieftje
- Yale School of Medicine, USA
- Yale Center for Health & Learning Games, USA
- Yale School of Public Health, USA
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Harfield S, Elliott S, Ramsey L, Housen T, Ward J. Using social networking sites to recruit participants: methods of an online survey of sexual health, knowledge and behaviour of young South Australians. Aust N Z J Public Health 2021; 45:348-354. [PMID: 34097339 DOI: 10.1111/1753-6405.13117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the methods of recruitment and demographic results of an online sexual health survey using social networking sites (SNS) to recruit people aged 16-29 years in the state of South Australia (SA) during 2019. METHODS A crosssectional online survey titled 'Let's Talk About It' using SNS (Facebook and Instagram) was administered between July and August 2019, targeting Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander and non-Indigenous young people. The survey comprised questions on demographics information, sexual health knowledge, behaviours and healthcare access. RESULTS During the data collection period, the study team closely monitored the demographics of participants and adjusted SNS messaging through paid advertising to increase the recruitment of under-represented population groups, especially Aboriginal people, males and regional and remote residents of SA. A total of 2,724 people accessed the survey predominately via Facebook during a six-week period between July and August 2019; 2,380 people were eligible and included in the analysis. Conclusions and implications for public health: Even though SNS have been used previously in recruitment for sexual health issues, small adjustments to the study during recruitment were specifically made to include under-represented populations in the final study. Using SNS is an effective method for recruiting survey participants; during recruitment phases, additional strategies may be required to be inclusive of diverse and under-represented populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Harfield
- Wardliparingga Aboriginal Health Equity, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, South Australia.,National Centre for Epidemiology & Population Health, The Australian National University, Australian Capital Territory
| | - Salenna Elliott
- Wardliparingga Aboriginal Health Equity, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, South Australia
| | - Liam Ramsey
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, South Australia
| | - Tambri Housen
- National Centre for Epidemiology & Population Health, The Australian National University, Australian Capital Territory
| | - James Ward
- Wardliparingga Aboriginal Health Equity, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, South Australia.,School of Public Health, The University of Queensland.,UQ Poche Centre for Indigenous Health, The University of Queensland
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Petkovic J, Duench S, Trawin J, Dewidar O, Pardo Pardo J, Simeon R, DesMeules M, Gagnon D, Hatcher Roberts J, Hossain A, Pottie K, Rader T, Tugwell P, Yoganathan M, Presseau J, Welch V. Behavioural interventions delivered through interactive social media for health behaviour change, health outcomes, and health equity in the adult population. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2021; 5:CD012932. [PMID: 34057201 PMCID: PMC8406980 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd012932.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social networking platforms offer a wide reach for public health interventions allowing communication with broad audiences using tools that are generally free and straightforward to use and may be combined with other components, such as public health policies. We define interactive social media as activities, practices, or behaviours among communities of people who have gathered online to interactively share information, knowledge, and opinions. OBJECTIVES We aimed to assess the effectiveness of interactive social media interventions, in which adults are able to communicate directly with each other, on changing health behaviours, body functions, psychological health, well-being, and adverse effects. Our secondary objective was to assess the effects of these interventions on the health of populations who experience health inequity as defined by PROGRESS-Plus. We assessed whether there is evidence about PROGRESS-Plus populations being included in studies and whether results are analysed across any of these characteristics. SEARCH METHODS We searched CENTRAL, CINAHL, Embase, MEDLINE (including trial registries) and PsycINFO. We used Google, Web of Science, and relevant web sites to identify additional studies and searched reference lists of included studies. We searched for published and unpublished studies from 2001 until June 1, 2020. We did not limit results by language. SELECTION CRITERIA We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs), controlled before-and-after (CBAs) and interrupted time series studies (ITSs). We included studies in which the intervention website, app, or social media platform described a goal of changing a health behaviour, or included a behaviour change technique. The social media intervention had to be delivered to adults via a commonly-used social media platform or one that mimicked a commonly-used platform. We included studies comparing an interactive social media intervention alone or as a component of a multi-component intervention with either a non-interactive social media control or an active but less-interactive social media comparator (e.g. a moderated versus an unmoderated discussion group). Our main outcomes were health behaviours (e.g. physical activity), body function outcomes (e.g. blood glucose), psychological health outcomes (e.g. depression), well-being, and adverse events. Our secondary outcomes were process outcomes important for behaviour change and included knowledge, attitudes, intention and motivation, perceived susceptibility, self-efficacy, and social support. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS We used a pre-tested data extraction form and collected data independently, in duplicate. Because we aimed to assess broad outcomes, we extracted only one outcome per main and secondary outcome categories prioritised by those that were the primary outcome as reported by the study authors, used in a sample size calculation, and patient-important. MAIN RESULTS We included 88 studies (871,378 participants), of which 84 were RCTs, three were CBAs and one was an ITS. The majority of the studies were conducted in the USA (54%). In total, 86% were conducted in high-income countries and the remaining 14% in upper middle-income countries. The most commonly used social media platform was Facebook (39%) with few studies utilising other platforms such as WeChat, Twitter, WhatsApp, and Google Hangouts. Many studies (48%) used web-based communities or apps that mimic functions of these well-known social media platforms. We compared studies assessing interactive social media interventions with non-interactive social media interventions, which included paper-based or in-person interventions or no intervention. We only reported the RCT results in our 'Summary of findings' table. We found a range of effects on health behaviours, such as breastfeeding, condom use, diet quality, medication adherence, medical screening and testing, physical activity, tobacco use, and vaccination. For example, these interventions may increase physical activity and medical screening tests but there was little to no effect for other health behaviours, such as improved diet or reduced tobacco use (20,139 participants in 54 RCTs). For body function outcomes, interactive social media interventions may result in small but important positive effects, such as a small but important positive effect on weight loss and a small but important reduction in resting heart rate (4521 participants in 30 RCTs). Interactive social media may improve overall well-being (standardised mean difference (SMD) 0.46, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.14 to 0.79, moderate effect, low-certainty evidence) demonstrated by an increase of 3.77 points on a general well-being scale (from 1.15 to 6.48 points higher) where scores range from 14 to 70 (3792 participants in 16 studies). We found no difference in effect on psychological outcomes (depression and distress) representing a difference of 0.1 points on a standard scale in which scores range from 0 to 63 points (SMD -0.01, 95% CI -0.14 to 0.12, low-certainty evidence, 2070 participants in 12 RCTs). We also compared studies assessing interactive social media interventions with those with an active but less interactive social media control (11 studies). Four RCTs (1523 participants) that reported on physical activity found an improvement demonstrated by an increase of 28 minutes of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity per week (from 10 to 47 minutes more, SMD 0.35, 95% CI 0.12 to 0.59, small effect, very low-certainty evidence). Two studies found little to no difference in well-being for those in the intervention and control groups (SMD 0.02, 95% CI -0.08 to 0.13, small effect, low-certainty evidence), demonstrated by a mean change of 0.4 points on a scale with a range of 0 to 100. Adverse events related to the social media component of the interventions, such as privacy issues, were not reported in any of our included studies. We were unable to conduct planned subgroup analyses related to health equity as only four studies reported relevant data. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS This review combined data for a variety of outcomes and found that social media interventions that aim to increase physical activity may be effective and social media interventions may improve well-being. While we assessed many other outcomes, there were too few studies to compare or, where there were studies, the evidence was uncertain. None of our included studies reported adverse effects related to the social media component of the intervention. Future studies should assess adverse events related to the interactive social media component and should report on population characteristics to increase our understanding of the potential effect of these interventions on reducing health inequities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Omar Dewidar
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Jordi Pardo Pardo
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, The Ottawa Hospital - General Campus, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Rosiane Simeon
- Bruyère Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Marie DesMeules
- Social Determinants and Science Integration/ Direction des déterminants sociaux et de l'intégration scientifique, Public Health Agency of Canada/Agence de santé publique du Canada, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Diane Gagnon
- Department of Communication, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | | | - Alomgir Hossain
- Cardiovascular Research Methods Centre, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Kevin Pottie
- Family Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Tamara Rader
- Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health (CADTH), Ottawa, Canada
| | - Peter Tugwell
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | | | - Justin Presseau
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Vivian Welch
- Methods Centre, Bruyère Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Stotz S, Hebert LE, Brega AG, Lockhart S, Henderson JN, Roubideaux Y, DeSanto K, Moore KR. Technology-based Health Education Resources for Indigenous Adults: A Scoping Review. J Health Care Poor Underserved 2021; 32:318-346. [PMID: 36111137 PMCID: PMC9473312 DOI: 10.1353/hpu.2021.0066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Indigenous peoples experience a disparate burden of chronic diseases and lower access to health education resources compared with other populations. Technology can increase access to health education resources, potentially reducing health inequities in these vulnerable populations. Although many Indigenous communities have limited access to the Internet, this barrier is decreasing as tribes and Indigenous-serving organizations work to improve TechQuity. Using Arksey and O'Malley's framework, we conducted a scoping literature review to identify technology-based health education interventions designed for Indigenous adults. We searched multiple databases, limiting papers to those written in English, describing interventions for participants 18 years of age or older, and published between 1999-2020. The review yielded 229 articles, nine of which met eligibility criteria. Findings suggest a paucity of technology-based health education interventions designed for Indigenous peoples and limited testing of the existing resources. Future health disparity research should focus on development and rigorous testing of such interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Stotz
- Centers for American Indian and Alaska Native Health at the Colorado School of Public Health at The University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus
| | - Luciana E Hebert
- Institute for Research and Education Advancing Community Health (IREACH) at the Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine at Washington State University
| | - Angela G Brega
- Centers for American Indian and Alaska Native Health at the Colorado School of Public Health at The University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus
| | - Steven Lockhart
- Adult and Child Consortium for Health Outcomes Research and Delivery Science (ACCORDS) at the Children's Hospital Colorado at The University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus
| | - J Neil Henderson
- Memory Keepers Medical Discovery Team at the Department of Family Medicine and Biobehavioral Health at The University of Minnesota Medical School
| | | | | | - Kelly R Moore
- Centers for American Indian and Alaska Native Health at the Colorado School of Public Health at The University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Buller DB, Pagoto S, Baker K, Walkosz BJ, Hillhouse J, Henry KL, Berteletti J, Bibeau J. Results of a social media campaign to prevent indoor tanning by teens: A randomized controlled trial. Prev Med Rep 2021; 22:101382. [PMID: 33996394 PMCID: PMC8100627 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2021.101382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Indoor tanning (IT) increases risk of developing skin cancer. A social media campaign to reduce mother’s permissiveness toward their teenage daughters IT was evaluated. Mothers (N = 869) of daughters aged 14–17 in 34 states without bans on IT by minors were enrolled in a randomized trial with assessments at baseline and 12-months follow-up in 2017–19. A year-long adolescent health campaign was delivered to all mothers. The intervention group received posts on preventing IT and the control group, posts about preventing prescription drug misuse. Daughters (n = 469; 54.0%) completed the assessments at baseline and 12 months. At 12-month follow-up, intervention-group mothers were less permissive of IT by daughters (unadjusted means = 1.70 [95% CI: 1.59, 1.80] v. 1.85 [1.73, 1.97] [5-point Likert scale], b = -0.152), reported more communication about avoiding IT with daughters (4.09 [3.84, 4.35] v. 3.42 [3.16, 3.68] [sum of 7 yes/no items], b = 0.213), and had lower intentions to indoor tan (1.41 [1.28, 1.55] v. 1.60 [1.43, 1.76] [7-point likelihood scale], b = -0.221) than control-group mothers. Daughters confirmed intervention-group mothers communicated about IT (3.81 [3.49, 4.14] v. 3.20 [2.87, 3.53] [sum of 7 yes/no items], b = 0.237) and shared IT posts (unadjusted percentages = 52.4% v. 36.4%, b = 0.438) more than control-group mothers. No differences were found in IT behavior, self-efficacy to refuse permission, and negative attitudes toward IT. A social media campaign may be an effective strategy to convince mothers to withhold permission for IT, which may help increase the effectiveness of state laws designed to reduce IT by minors by requiring parental permission.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David B Buller
- Klein Buendel, Inc., 1667 Cole Boulevard, Suite 225, Golden, CO 80401, United States
| | - Sherry Pagoto
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, Koons Hall, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, United States
| | - Katie Baker
- Department of Community and Behavioral Health, College of Public Health, Lamb Hall, Suite 300, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, United States
| | - Barbara J Walkosz
- Klein Buendel, Inc., 1667 Cole Boulevard, Suite 225, Golden, CO 80401, United States
| | - Joel Hillhouse
- Department of Community and Behavioral Health, College of Public Health, Lamb Hall, Suite 300, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, United States
| | - Kimberly L Henry
- Department of Psychology, Colorado State University, Ft. Collins, CO 80523, United States
| | - Julia Berteletti
- Klein Buendel, Inc., 1667 Cole Boulevard, Suite 225, Golden, CO 80401, United States
| | - Jessica Bibeau
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, Koons Hall, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, United States
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Myers K, Sanders JN, Dalessandro C, Sexsmith CD, Geist C, Turok DK. The HER Salt Lake media campaign: comparing characteristics and outcomes of clients who make appointments online versus standard scheduling. BMC Womens Health 2021; 21:121. [PMID: 33757511 PMCID: PMC7986020 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-021-01256-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little research has examined how media outreach strategies affect the outcomes of contraceptive initiatives. Thus, this paper assesses the potential impact of an online media campaign introduced during the last six months of a contraceptive initiative study based in Salt Lake City, UT (USA). METHODS During the last six months of the HER Salt Lake Contraceptive Initiative (September 2016-March 2017), we introduced an online media campaign designed to connect potential clients to information about the initiative and a brief (9-item) appointment request form (via HERsaltlake.org). Using linked data from the online form and electronic medical records, we examine differences in demographics, appointment show rates, and contraceptive choices between "online requester" clients who made clinical appointments through the online form (n = 356) and "standard requester" clients who made appointments using standard scheduling (n = 3,051). We used summary statistics and multivariable regression to compare groups. RESULTS The campaign logged 1.7 million impressions and 15,765 clicks on advertisements leading to the campaign website (HERSaltLake.org). Compared to standard requesters, online requesters less frequently reported a past pregnancy and were more likely to be younger, white, and to enroll in the survey arm of the study. Relative to standard requesters and holding covariates constant, online requesters were more likely to select copper IUDs (RRR: 8.14), hormonal IUDs (RRR: 12.36), and implants (RRR: 10.75) over combined hormonal contraceptives (the contraceptive pill, patch, and ring). Uptake of the contraceptive injectable, condoms, and emergency contraception did not differ between groups. CONCLUSION Clients demonstrating engagement with the media campaign had different demographic characteristics and outcomes than those using standard scheduling to arrange care. Online media campaigns can be useful for connecting clients with advertised contraceptive methods and initiatives. However, depending on design strategy, the use of media campaigns might shift the demographics and characteristics of clients who participate in contraceptive initiatives. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinicaltrials.gov identifier NCT02734199, Registered 12 April 2016-Retrospectively registered, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02734199 .
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyl Myers
- Division of Family Planning, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Utah School of Medicine, 30 N 1900 E, 2B200, Salt Lake City, UT, 84132, USA
| | - Jessica N Sanders
- Division of Family Planning, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Utah School of Medicine, 30 N 1900 E, 2B200, Salt Lake City, UT, 84132, USA
| | - Cristen Dalessandro
- Division of Family Planning, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Utah School of Medicine, 30 N 1900 E, 2B200, Salt Lake City, UT, 84132, USA.
| | - Corinne D Sexsmith
- Division of Family Planning, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Utah School of Medicine, 30 N 1900 E, 2B200, Salt Lake City, UT, 84132, USA
| | - Claudia Geist
- Department of Sociology and Division of Gender Studies, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, USA
| | - David K Turok
- Division of Family Planning, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Utah School of Medicine, 30 N 1900 E, 2B200, Salt Lake City, UT, 84132, USA
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Nielsen AM, De Costa A, Gemzell-Danielsson K, Marrone G, Boman J, Salazar M, Diwan V. The MOSEXY trial: mobile phone intervention for sexual health in youth-a pragmatic randomised controlled trial to evaluate the effect of a smartphone application on sexual health in youth in Stockholm, Sweden. Sex Transm Infect 2021; 97:141-146. [PMID: 31628248 PMCID: PMC7892369 DOI: 10.1136/sextrans-2019-054027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 08/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
An estimated 350 million cases of STIs occur globally each year. In Sweden, Chlamydia is the most common STI with approximately 30 000 cases annually, disproportionally affecting youth. National surveys report low condom use among youth. Smartphone coverage is high among this tech-savvy group. In collaboration with youth, we developed an interactive smartphone application comprising games, peer experiences and information snippets to promote condom use. OBJECTIVES To evaluate in a randomised controlled trial, the effectiveness of this smartphone application to improve condom use among youth in Stockholm, Sweden. METHODS This two-arm, individually randomised controlled trial was implemented through the Youth Health Clinics (YHC) in Stockholm, Sweden. Youth aged 18-23 years, who owned a smartphone and had ≥2 sexual partners during the past 6 months were eligible. The intervention delivered the interactive elements described above over 180 days. The control group received a 'dummy' application. Both groups received standard of care at the YHC. The primary outcome was proportion of consistent (100%) self-reported condom use at 6 months. Secondary outcomes included self-reported number of partners, occurrence of STIs/pregnancy and STI tests during the study period. An intention-to-treat approach was used. RESULTS 214 and 219 youth were randomised to the intervention and control groups, respectively. Consistent condom use was reported for 32/214 (15.0%) in the intervention group and for 35/219 (16.0%) in the control group (OR 0.9, 95% CI 0.5 to 1.6). No significant differences in secondary outcomes were seen. CONCLUSION We were unable to detect an effect of the intervention. Future research should focus on targeting different subgroups within the overall risk group, with tailored mHealth interventions. The potential for such interventions in settings where sexual health services are unavailable should be evaluated. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ISRCTN13212899.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ayesha De Costa
- Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Gaetano Marrone
- Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jens Boman
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umea Universitet Medicinska fakulteten, Umea, Sweden
| | - Mariano Salazar
- Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Vinod Diwan
- Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Lovett JT, Munawar K, Mohammed S, Prabhu V. Radiology Content on TikTok: Current Use of a Novel Video-Based Social Media Platform and Opportunities for Radiology. Curr Probl Diagn Radiol 2021; 50:126-131. [DOI: 10.1067/j.cpradiol.2020.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
44
|
Peer Group Focused eHealth Strategies to Promote HIV Prevention, Testing, and Care Engagement. Curr HIV/AIDS Rep 2021; 17:557-576. [PMID: 32794071 DOI: 10.1007/s11904-020-00527-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Electronic communication platforms are increasingly used to support all steps of the HIV care cascade (an approach defined as eHealth). Most studies have employed individual-level approaches in which participants are connected with information, reminders, or a healthcare worker. Recent growth in use of social media platforms, which create digital communities, has created an opportunity to leverage virtual peer-to-peer connection to improve HIV prevention and care. In this article, we describe the current landscape of peer group eHealth interventions in the HIV field, based on a review of published literature, an online survey of unpublished ongoing work, and discussions with practitioners in the field in an in-person workshop. RECENT FINDINGS We identified 45 published articles and 12 ongoing projects meeting our inclusion criteria. Most reports were formative or observational; only three randomized evaluations of two interventions were reported. Studies indicated that use of peer group eHealth interventions is acceptable and has unique potential to influence health behaviors, but participants reported privacy concerns. Evaluations of health outcomes of peer group eHealth interventions show promising data, but more rigorous evaluations are needed. Development of group eHealth interventions presents unique technological, practical, and ethical challenges. Intervention design must consider privacy and data sovereignty concerns, and respond to rapid changes in platform use. Innovative development of open-source tools with high privacy standards is needed.
Collapse
|
45
|
Did You Get My Snap? Snapchat as a Health Education Tool for Hospitalized Adolescents. J Adolesc Health 2021; 68:411-413. [PMID: 32674962 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2020.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Given the popularity of Snapchat with teens, we used this tool to disseminate reproductive health information to adolescent patients. METHODS We developed a unique Snapcode linked to educational materials located on a cloud service and accessible via the Snapchat app. The Snapcode was printed on a business card and distributed to hospitalized adolescents. We tracked card distribution and how often the materials were accessed through our cloud service and through Snapchat. RESULTS A total of 236 cards were distributed to teens with 117 unique scans and 122 views of the PDF. Of the teens who received the card (N = 236), 49.5% of teens used the Snapcode to access reproductive health education. CONCLUSIONS Snapchat is a promising way to distribute educational materials to adolescents in a discrete manner on a platform many teens use. This mechanism demonstrates a way for providers to use Snapchat as a tool to provide education to hospitalized adolescents.
Collapse
|
46
|
Schmiege SJ, Magnan RE, Yeater EA, Feldstein Ewing SW, Bryan AD. Randomized Trial to Reduce Risky Sexual Behavior Among Justice-Involved Adolescents. Am J Prev Med 2021; 60:47-56. [PMID: 33341180 PMCID: PMC7755031 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2020.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Justice-involved adolescents are at high risk for sexually transmitted infections; one primary reason is co-occurring substance use. This study investigates the additive benefit of including alcohol and cannabis use content in a theory-based sexual risk reduction intervention, delivered using group-based motivational enhancement therapy. STUDY DESIGN This study had a cluster randomized design, with randomization of single-sex clusters to 1 of 3 interventions. SETTING/PARTICIPANTS Participants were male and female justice-involved adolescents (N=460) residing in youth detention facilities. Data were collected from 2010 to 2014; analyses were completed in 2018-2019. INTERVENTION Adolescents were randomized to 1 of 3 motivational enhancement therapy interventions: sexual risk reduction intervention, sexual risk reduction intervention with alcohol content, or sexual risk reduction intervention with alcohol and cannabis content. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The primary outcome was risky sexual behavior (aggregation of condom use and frequency of intercourse), measured every 3 months for 1 year. Secondary outcomes were theoretical mechanisms on which the intervention was based (condom use attitudes, self-efficacy, peer norms, and behavioral intentions), collected at baseline and post-test. RESULTS Risky sexual behavior significantly decreased from baseline to 3-month follow-up (t=10.59, p<0.001) and this decrease was maintained 1 year later (t=9.04, p<0.001). Intervention was associated with improved values on all theoretical mechanisms. Although all outcomes improved over time, changes did not differ by intervention condition (p>0.29 for all). Comparisons to a historical, information-only, sexual risk reduction control arm conducted with a similar juvenile justice sample confirm the effectiveness of all 3 motivational enhancement therapy-based interventions. CONCLUSIONS All 3 interventions were associated with decreased sexual risk up to 1 year later, suggesting that the intervention modality (motivational enhancement therapy) may resonate with this population beyond the specific substance use content. This single-session manualized intervention can be readily disseminated to juvenile justice settings. TRIAL REGISTRATION This study is registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov NCT01170260.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J Schmiege
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado.
| | - Renee E Magnan
- Department of Psychology, Washington State University Vancouver, Vancouver, Washington
| | - Elizabeth A Yeater
- Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | | | - Angela D Bryan
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Martin P, Alberti C, Gottot S, Bourmaud A, de La Rochebrochard E. Expert Opinions on Web-Based Peer Education Interventions for Youth Sexual Health Promotion: Qualitative Study. J Med Internet Res 2020; 22:e18650. [PMID: 33231552 PMCID: PMC7723739 DOI: 10.2196/18650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Participatory education, in the form of peer education, may be an effective way to promote youth sexual health. With the advent of the internet, web-based interventions have potential as an attractive new tool for sexual health promotion by peers. Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate professional experts’ opinions on the perspectives for web-based participatory interventions to promote sexual health by peers and among young people. Methods Semistructured interviews were carried out with 20 experts (stakeholders in direct contact with young people, researchers, and institutional actors) specializing in sexual health, health promotion, peer education, youth, internet, and social media. After coding with N’Vivo, data were subjected to qualitative thematic analysis. Results The majority of experts (18/20, 90%) found this kind of intervention to be attractive, but highlighted the necessary conditions, risks, and limitations attached to developing an acceptable peer intervention on the internet for sexual health promotion among young people. Five main themes were identified: (1) an internet intervention; (2) sexual health; (3) internet skills, and uses and the need for moderation; (4) multifaceted peers; and (5) minority peers. In the absence of youth interest for institutional messages, the experts highlighted the attractive participatory features of web-based interventions and the need for geolocalized resources. However, they also warned of the limitations associated with the possibility of integrating peers into education: peers should not be mere messengers, and should remain peers so as not to be outsiders to the target group. Experts highlighted concrete proposals to design an online participatory peer intervention, including the process of peer implication, online features in the intervention, and key points for conception and evaluation. Conclusions The experts agreed that web-based participatory interventions for youth sexual health promotion must be tailored to needs, uses, and preferences. This type of action requires youth involvement framed in an inclusive and holistic sexual health approach. Peer education can be implemented via the internet, but the design of the intervention also requires not being overly institutional in nature. Involving young people in their own education in an interactive, safe online space has the potential to develop their empowerment and to foster long-term positive behaviors, especially in the area of sexual health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Martin
- Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Epidémiologie clinique et évaluation économique appliquées aux populations vulnérables (ECEVE), Université de Paris, Paris, France.,Institut National d'Etudes Démographiques (INED), UR14 - Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights, Aubervilliers, France.,Centre de Recherche en épidémiologie et Santé des Populations (CESP) - UMR U1018 (UVSQ/INSERM), Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Sud, Villejuif, France.,GDID Santé, Paris, France
| | - Corinne Alberti
- Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Epidémiologie clinique et évaluation économique appliquées aux populations vulnérables (ECEVE), Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | | | - Aurelie Bourmaud
- Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Epidémiologie clinique et évaluation économique appliquées aux populations vulnérables (ECEVE), Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Elise de La Rochebrochard
- Institut National d'Etudes Démographiques (INED), UR14 - Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights, Aubervilliers, France.,Centre de Recherche en épidémiologie et Santé des Populations (CESP) - UMR U1018 (UVSQ/INSERM), Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Sud, Villejuif, France
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Mitchell KR, Purcell C, Forsyth R, Barry S, Hunter R, Simpson SA, McDaid L, Elliot L, McCann M, Wetherall K, Broccatelli C, Bailey JV, Moore L. A peer-led intervention to promote sexual health in secondary schools: the STASH feasibility study. PUBLIC HEALTH RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.3310/phr08150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background
Young people report higher levels of unsafe sex and have higher rates of sexually transmitted infections than any other age group. Schools are well placed to facilitate early intervention, but more effective approaches are required. Peer-led approaches can augment school-based education, but often fail to capitalise on mechanisms of social influence. The potential of using social media in sexual health has not been tested in school settings.
Objectives
Finalise the design of the Sexually Transmitted infections And Sexual Health (STASH) intervention; assess the recruitment and retention of peer supporters, and acceptability to participants and stakeholders; assess the fidelity and reach, in addition to the barriers to and facilitators of, implementation; refine programme theory; understand the potential of social media; determine design parameters for a future randomised controlled trial, including economic evaluation; and establish whether or not progression criteria were met.
Design
This was a feasibility study comprising intervention development and refinement of the STASH pilot and non-randomised feasibility trial in six schools. Control data were provided by students in the year above the intervention group.
Setting
Secondary schools in Scotland.
Participants
Students aged 14–16 years, teachers and intervention delivery partners.
Interventions
The STASH intervention was adapted from A Stop Smoking In Schools Trial (ASSIST) (an effective peer-led smoking intervention). Based on diffusion of innovation theory, the STASH study involves peer nomination to identify the most influential students, with the aim of recruiting and training 15% of the year group as peer supporters. The peer supporters deliver sexual health messages to friends in their year group via conversations and use of Facebook (www.facebook.com; Facebook, Inc., Menlo Park, CA, USA) to share varied content from a curated set of web-based resources. Peer supporters are given support themselves via follow-up sessions and via trainer membership of Facebook groups.
Main outcome measures
The primary outcome was whether or not progression criteria were met in relation to intervention acceptability and feasibility. The study also piloted indicative primary outcomes for a full-scale evaluation.
Data sources
Peer supporter questionnaire; observations of activities; interviews with trainers, teachers, peer supporters and students; monitoring log of peer supporter activities (including on Facebook and meeting attendance); questionnaire to control year group (baseline characteristics, social networks, mediators and sexual health outcomes); baseline and follow-up questionnaire (approximately 6 months later) for intervention year group.
Results
A total of 104 students were trained as peer supporters (just over half of those nominated for the role by their peers). Role retention was very high (97%). Of 611 students completing the follow-up questionnaire, 58% reported exposure to STASH study activities. Intervention acceptability was high among students and stakeholders. Activities were delivered with good fidelity. The peer supporters were active, representative of their year group and well connected within their social network. Carefully managed social media use by peer supporters augmented conversations. A primary outcome of ‘always safer sex’ was identified, measured as no sex or always condom use for vaginal or anal sex in the last 6 months. The intervention cost £42 per student. Six progression criteria were met. A seventh criterion (regarding uptake of role by peer supporters) was not.
Limitations
Small feasibility study that cannot comment on effectiveness.
Conclusions
The STASH intervention is feasible and acceptable within the context of Scottish secondary schools. The results support continuation to a full-scale evaluation.
Future work
Small-scale improvements to the intervention, refinement to programme theory and funding sought for full-scale evaluation.
Trial registration
Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN97369178.
Funding
This project was funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Public Health Research programme and will be published in full in Public Health Research; Vol. 8, No. 15. See the NIHR Journals Library website for further project information.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kirstin R Mitchell
- Medical Research Council/Chief Scientist Office Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Carrie Purcell
- Medical Research Council/Chief Scientist Office Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Ross Forsyth
- Medical Research Council/Chief Scientist Office Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Sarah Barry
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Strathclyde University, Glasgow, UK
| | - Rachael Hunter
- Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Sharon A Simpson
- Medical Research Council/Chief Scientist Office Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Lisa McDaid
- Medical Research Council/Chief Scientist Office Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Lawrie Elliot
- Department of Nursing and Community Health, School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, UK
| | - Mark McCann
- Medical Research Council/Chief Scientist Office Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Kirsty Wetherall
- Robertson Centre for Biostatistics, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Chiara Broccatelli
- Medical Research Council/Chief Scientist Office Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Julia V Bailey
- Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Laurence Moore
- Medical Research Council/Chief Scientist Office Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Li JB, Wu AM, Feng LF, Deng Y, Li JH, Chen YX, Mai JC, Mo PK, Lau JT. Classification of probable online social networking addiction: A latent profile analysis from a large-scale survey among Chinese adolescents. J Behav Addict 2020; 9:698-708. [PMID: 32829311 PMCID: PMC8943659 DOI: 10.1556/jba-9-698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Problematic online social networking use is prevalent among adolescents, but consensus about the instruments and their optimal cut-off points is lacking. This study derived an optimal cut-off point for the validated Online Social Networking Addiction (OSNA) scale to identify probable OSNA cases among Chinese adolescents. METHODS A survey recruited 4,951 adolescent online social networking users. Latent profile analysis (LPA) and receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analyses were applied to the validated 8-item OSNA scale to determine its optimal cut-off point. RESULTS The 3-class model was selected by multiple criteria, and validated in a randomly split-half subsample. Accordingly, participants were categorized into the low risk (36.4%), average risk (50.4%), and high risk (13.2%) groups. The highest risk group was regarded as "cases" and the rest as "non-cases", serving as the reference standard in ROC analysis, which identified an optimal cut-off point of 23 (sensitivity: 97.2%, specificity: 95.2%). The cut-off point was used to classify participants into positive (probable case: 17:0%) and negative groups according to their OSNA scores. The positive group (probable cases) reported significantly longer duration and higher intensity of online social networking use, and higher prevalence of Internet addiction than the negative group. CONCLUSIONS The classification strategy and results are potentially useful for future research that measure problematic online social networking use and its impact on health among adolescents. The approach can facilitate research that requires cut-off points of screening tools but gold standards are unavailable.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Bin Li
- Department of Clinical Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, P.R.China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, P. R.China
- Center for Health Behaviours Research, The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P.R.China
| | - Anise M.S. Wu
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao, P.R.China
| | - Li-Fen Feng
- Department of Statistics, Government Affairs Service Center of Health Commission of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510060, P.R.China
| | - Yang Deng
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, P.R.China
| | - Jing-Hua Li
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, P.R.China
| | - Yu-Xia Chen
- Department of Psychological Health Research, Center for Health Promotion of Primary and Secondary School of Guangzhou, Guangzhou, P.R.China
| | - Jin-Chen Mai
- Department of Psychological Health Research, Center for Health Promotion of Primary and Secondary School of Guangzhou, Guangzhou, P.R.China
| | - Phoenix K.H. Mo
- Center for Health Behaviours Research, The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P.R.China
| | - Joseph T.F. Lau
- Center for Health Behaviours Research, The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P.R.China
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Li X, Liu Q. Social Media Use, eHealth Literacy, Disease Knowledge, and Preventive Behaviors in the COVID-19 Pandemic: Cross-Sectional Study on Chinese Netizens. J Med Internet Res 2020; 22:e19684. [PMID: 33006940 PMCID: PMC7581310 DOI: 10.2196/19684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Since its outbreak in January 2020, COVID-19 has quickly spread worldwide and has become a global pandemic. Social media platforms have been recognized as important tools for health-promoting practices in public health, and the use of social media is widespread among the public. However, little is known about the effects of social media use on health promotion during a pandemic such as COVID-19. Objective In this study, we aimed to explore the predictive role of social media use on public preventive behaviors in China during the COVID-19 pandemic and how disease knowledge and eHealth literacy moderated the relationship between social media use and preventive behaviors. Methods A national web-based cross-sectional survey was conducted by a proportionate probability sampling among 802 Chinese internet users (“netizens”) in February 2020. Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlations, and hierarchical multiple regressions were employed to examine and explore the relationships among all the variables. Results Almost half the 802 study participants were male (416, 51.9%), and the average age of the participants was 32.65 years. Most of the 802 participants had high education levels (624, 77.7%), had high income >¥5000 (US $736.29) (525, 65.3%), were married (496, 61.8%), and were in good health (486, 60.6%). The average time of social media use was approximately 2 to 3 hours per day (mean 2.34 hours, SD 1.11), and the most frequently used media types were public social media (mean score 4.49/5, SD 0.78) and aggregated social media (mean score 4.07/5, SD 1.07). Social media use frequency (β=.20, P<.001) rather than time significantly predicted preventive behaviors for COVID-19. Respondents were also equipped with high levels of disease knowledge (mean score 8.15/10, SD 1.43) and eHealth literacy (mean score 3.79/5, SD 0.59). Disease knowledge (β=.11, P=.001) and eHealth literacy (β=.27, P<.001) were also significant predictors of preventive behaviors. Furthermore, eHealth literacy (P=.038) and disease knowledge (P=.03) positively moderated the relationship between social media use frequency and preventive behaviors, while eHealth literacy (β=.07) affected this relationship positively and disease knowledge (β=–.07) affected it negatively. Different social media types differed in predicting an individual’s preventive behaviors for COVID-19. Aggregated social media (β=.22, P<.001) was the best predictor, followed by public social media (β=.14, P<.001) and professional social media (β=.11, P=.002). However, official social media (β=.02, P=.597) was an insignificant predictor. Conclusions Social media is an effective tool to promote behaviors to prevent COVID-19 among the public. Health literacy is essential for promotion of individual health and influences the extent to which the public engages in preventive behaviors during a pandemic. Our results not only enrich the theoretical paradigm of public health management and health communication but also have practical implications in pandemic control for China and other countries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Li
- Center for Health and Medical Communication, School of Media & Communication, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qinliang Liu
- Center for Health and Medical Communication, School of Media & Communication, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|