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Rauf A, Subhani MN, Siddique M, Shahid H, Chattha MB, Alrefaei AF, Hasan Naqvi SA, Ali H, Lucas RS. Cultivating a greener future: Exploiting trichoderma derived secondary metabolites for fusarium wilt management in peas. Heliyon 2024; 10:e29031. [PMID: 38601549 PMCID: PMC11004880 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to identify efficient Trichoderma isolate(s) for the management of Fusarium wilt in peas. Four different pea germplasms (Sarsabz, Pea-09, Meteor and Supreme) were evaluated for resistance against Fusarium oxysporum in pot assay. Resistant germplasm exhibits a varying range of disease severity (23%) and percent disease index (21%), whereas susceptible and highly susceptible germplasm exhibit maximum disease severity (44-79%) and percent disease index (47-82%). The susceptible germplasm Meteor was selected for in vivo experiment. Five different Trichoderma spp. (Trichoderma koningii, T. hamatum, T. longibrachiatum, T. viride, and T. harzianum) were screened for the production of hydrolytic extracellular enzymes under in vitro. In-vitro biocontrol potential of Trichoderma spp. was assayed by percentage inhibition of dry mass of Fusarium oxysporum pisi (FOP) with Trichoderma spp. metabolite filtrate concentrations. Maximum growth inhibition was observed by T. harzianum (50-89%). T. harzianum metabolites in filtrate conc. (40%, 50%, and 60%) exhibited maximum reduction in biomass and were thus used for in vivo management of the disease. The pot experiment for in-vivo management also confirmed the maximum inhibition of FOP by T. harzianum metabolites filtrate at 60% by reducing disease parameters and enhancing growth, yield, and physiochemical and stress markers. Trichoderma strains led to an increase in chlorophyll and carotenoids (34-26%), Total phenolic 55%, Total protein content 60%, Total Flavonoid content 36%, and the increasing order of enzyme activities were as follows: CAT > POX > PPO > PAL in all treatments. These strains demonstrate excellent bio-control of Fusarium wilt in pea via induction of defense-related enzymes. The present work will help use Trichoderma species in disease management programme as an effective biocontrol agent against plant pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amna Rauf
- Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Nasir Subhani
- Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - Maroof Siddique
- Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - Habiba Shahid
- Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Bilal Chattha
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - Abdulwahed Fahad Alrefaei
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Syed Atif Hasan Naqvi
- Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan
| | - Haider Ali
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Rosa Sanchez Lucas
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
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Li B, Yang P, Feng Y, Du C, Qi G, Zhao X. Rhizospheric microbiota of suppressive soil protect plants against Fusarium solani infection. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2024. [PMID: 38578633 DOI: 10.1002/ps.8122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fusarium infection has caused huge economic losses in many crops. The study aimed to compare the microbial community of suppressive and conducive soils and relate to the reduction of Fusarium wilt. RESULTS High-throughput sequencing and microbial network analysis were used to investigate the differences in the rhizosphere microbiota of the suppressive and conducive soils and to identify the beneficial keystone taxa. Plant pathogens were enriched in the conducive soil. Potential plant-beneficial microorganisms and antagonistic microorganisms were enriched in the suppressive soil. More positive interactions and keystone taxa existed in the suppressive soil network. Thirty-nine and 16 keystone taxa were identified in the suppressive and conducive soil networks, respectively. Sixteen fungal strains and 168 bacterial strains were isolated from suppressive soil, some of which exhibited plant growth-promotion traits. Thirty-nine bacterial strains and 10 fungal strains showed antagonistic activity against F. solani. Keystone taxa Bacillus and Trichoderma exhibited high antifungal activity. Lipopeptides produced by Bacillus sp. RB150 and chitinase from Trichoderma spp. inhibited the growth of F. solani. Microbial consortium I (Bacillus sp. RB150, Pseudomonas sp. RB70 and Trichoderma asperellum RF10) and II (Bacillus sp. RB196, Bacillus sp. RB150 and T. asperellum RF10) effectively controlled root rot disease, the spore number of F. solani was reduced by 94.2% and 83.3%. CONCLUSION Rhizospheric microbiota of suppressive soil protects plants against F. solani infection. Antagonistic microorganisms in suppressive soil inhibit pathogen growth and infection. Microbial consortia consisted of keystone taxa well control root rot disease. These findings help control Fusarium wilt. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baolong Li
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ping Yang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yali Feng
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chenyang Du
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Gaofu Qi
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiuyun Zhao
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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Bandara AY, Kang S. Trichoderma application methods differentially affect the tomato growth, rhizomicrobiome, and rhizosphere soil suppressiveness against Fusarium oxysporum. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1366690. [PMID: 38476947 PMCID: PMC10929717 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1366690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Trichoderma spp. are widely used to enhance crop growth and suppress diverse diseases. However, inconsistent field efficacy remains a major barrier to their use as a reliable alternative to synthetic pesticides. Various strategies have been investigated to enhance the robustness of their application. Here, we evaluated how T. virens application methods (pre-, at-, and post-transplant) affect the growth of two tomato varieties and their rhizosphere fungal and bacterial communities. Although the greatest rhizosphere abundance of T. virens was observed in the post-transplant application, the at-transplant application promoted tomato growth the most, indicating that greater rhizosphere abundance does not necessarily result in better tomato growth. None of the application methods significantly altered the global rhizosphere fungal and bacterial communities of the tested varieties. Changes in specific microbial genera and guilds may underpin the enhanced tomato growth. We also investigated whether the resulting microbiome changes affect the mycelial growth and conidial germination of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici and F. oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici, soilborne fungal pathogens of tomato, upon exposure to volatile compounds emitted by culturable rhizosphere microbes and metabolites extracted from the rhizosphere soils after Trichoderma treatments. Volatile compounds produced by cultured rhizosphere microbes after the at-transplant application suppressed the mycelial growth of both pathogens better than those after the other treatments. Similarly, water-soluble metabolites extracted from the rhizosphere soil samples after the at-transplant application most effectively suppressed the germination rate of F. oxysporum spores. Overall, our results suggest that the at-transplant application is most advantageous for promoting the growth of the tested tomato varieties and building soil suppressiveness against the tested fusaria. However, further studies are needed before applying this method to support tomato production. We discuss critical future questions.
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Philip B, Behiry SI, Salem MZM, Amer MA, El-Samra IA, Abdelkhalek A, Heflish A. Trichoderma afroharzianum TRI07 metabolites inhibit Alternaria alternata growth and induce tomato defense-related enzymes. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1874. [PMID: 38253713 PMCID: PMC10803357 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52301-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Identifying a viable substitute for the limited array of current antifungal agents stands as a crucial objective in modern agriculture. Consequently, extensive worldwide research has been undertaken to unveil eco-friendly and effective agents capable of controlling pathogens resistant to the presently employed fungicides. This study explores the efficacy of Trichoderma isolates in combating tomato leaf spot disease, primarily caused by Alternaria alternata. The identified pathogen, A. alternata Alt3, was isolated and confirmed through the ITS region (OQ888806). Six Trichoderma isolates were assessed for their ability to inhibit Alt3 hyphal growth using dual culture, ethyl acetate extract, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) techniques. The most promising biocontrol isolate was identified as T. afroharzianum isolate TRI07 based on three markers: ITS region (OQ820171), translation elongation factor alpha 1 gene (OR125580), and RNA polymerase II subunit gene (OR125581). The ethyl acetate extract of TRI07 isolate was subjected to GC-MS analysis, revealing spathulenol, triacetin, and aspartame as the main compounds, with percentages of 28.90, 14.03, and 12.97%, respectively. Analysis of TRI07-VOCs by solid-phase microextraction technique indicated that the most abundant compounds included ethanol, hydroperoxide, 1-methylhexyl, and 1-octen-3-one. When TRI07 interacted with Alt3, 34 compounds were identified, with major components including 1-octen-3-one, ethanol, and hexanedioic acid, bis(2-ethylhexyl) ester. In greenhouse experiment, the treatment of TRI07 48 h before inoculation with A. alternata (A3 treatment) resulted in a reduction in disease severity (16.66%) and incidence (44.44%). Furthermore, A3 treatment led to improved tomato growth performance parameters and increased chlorophyll content. After 21 days post-inoculation, A3 treatment was associated with increased production of antioxidant enzymes (CAT, POD, SOD, and PPO), while infected tomato plants exhibited elevated levels of oxidative stress markers MDA and H2O2. HPLC analysis of tomato leaf extracts from A3 treatment revealed higher levels of phenolic acids such as gallic, chlorogenic, caffeic, syringic, and coumaric acids, as well as flavonoid compounds including catechin, rutin, and vanillin. The novelty lies in bridging the gap between strain-specific attributes and practical application, enhancing the understanding of TRI07's potential for integrated pest management. This study concludes that TRI07 isolate presents potential natural compounds with biological activity, effectively controlling tomato leaf spot disease and promoting tomato plant growth. The findings have practical implications for agriculture, suggesting a sustainable biocontrol strategy that can enhance crop resilience and contribute to integrated pest management practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bassant Philip
- Agricultural Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture (Saba Basha), Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21531, Egypt.
| | - Said I Behiry
- Agricultural Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture (Saba Basha), Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21531, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed Z M Salem
- Forestry and Wood Technology Department, Faculty of Agriculture (El-Shatby), Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21545, Egypt.
| | - Mostafa A Amer
- Agricultural Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture (Saba Basha), Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21531, Egypt
| | - Ibrahim A El-Samra
- Agricultural Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture (Saba Basha), Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21531, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Abdelkhalek
- Plant Protection and Biomolecular Diagnosis Department, ALCRI, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications, New Borg El Arab City, 21934, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Heflish
- Agricultural Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture (Saba Basha), Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21531, Egypt
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Suazo Tejada AK, Yu PL, Smith KE, Huguet-Tapia JC, Carrillo J, Brawner JT, Vallad GE. Genome sequencing and de novo assembly of Trichoderma longibrachiatum isolate collected from Florida agricultural soils. Microbiol Resour Announc 2024; 13:e0090623. [PMID: 38078731 DOI: 10.1128/mra.00906-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
We report a draft genome assembly of Trichoderma longibrachiatum isolate GEV 3550, obtained from Florida, United States of America.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Karina Suazo Tejada
- Department of Plant Pathology, Gulf Coast Research and Education Center, University of Florida , Wimauma, Florida, USA
| | - Pei-Ling Yu
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Katherine E Smith
- United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Southern Institute of Forest Genetics , Saucier, Mississippi, USA
| | - Jose C Huguet-Tapia
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Joseph Carrillo
- Department of Plant Pathology, Gulf Coast Research and Education Center, University of Florida , Wimauma, Florida, USA
| | - Jeremy T Brawner
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Gary E Vallad
- Department of Plant Pathology, Gulf Coast Research and Education Center, University of Florida , Wimauma, Florida, USA
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Boukaew S, Petlamul W, Srinuanpan S, Nooprom K, Zhang Z. Heat stability of Trichoderma asperelloides SKRU-01 culture filtrates: Potential applications for controlling fungal spoilage and AFB 1 production in peanuts. Int J Food Microbiol 2024; 409:110477. [PMID: 37976618 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2023.110477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the heat stability of culture filtrates of Trichoderma asperelloides SKRU-01 (culture filtrates SKRU-01) over a temperatures range (40-121 °C) and the effects on the antifungal activity against two aflatoxin-producing strains (Aspergillus parasiticus TISTR 3276 and A. flavus PSRDC-4), aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) degradation, and the role in mycotoxin control in peanuts. The impact of SKRU-01 culture age (2-12 day-old) on both pathogenic strains revealed that the culture age of 6-12 day-old cultures exhibited no significant difference (p > 0.05) of growth inhibition for strain TISTR 3276 (81.89-82.28 %) and 4-12 day-old cultures for strain PSRDC-4 (74.87-79.06 %). The heat-treated temperatures from 40 °C to 121 °C caused no significant (p > 0.05) reduction of mycelial growth for strain TISTR 3276 (82.61 % to 79.13 %) but significant (p < 0.05) deduction for strain PSRDC-4 (75.15 % to 59.17 %). Heat treatment of the culture filtrates SKRU-01 at 60-121 °C caused the reduction on spore germination inhibition (from about 68 % to 58.16 % for strain TISTR 3276 and 51.11 % for strain PSRDC-4). These results indicate that strain TISTR 3276 exhibited greater susceptibility to culture filtrates SKRU-01 compared to strain PSRDC-4. Furthermore, the culture filtrates SKRU-01 exhibited remarkable thermal stability at 121 °C, degrading AFB1 to 63.91 %. Application of heat-stable culture filtrates SKRU-01 in peanuts demonstrated that the reduction in fungal population and AFB1 production of both pathogenic strains depended significantly (p < 0.05) on the level of heat treatment. The non-treated and 40 °C treated culture filtrates SKRU-01 could reduce AFB1 production to lower than the Standard Aflatoxin Limitation (<20 μg/kg), ensuring food safety and mitigating the health risks associated with aflatoxin exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sawai Boukaew
- Center of Excellence BCG for Sustainable Development, College of Innovation and Management, Songkhla Rajabhat University, Songkhla, 90000, Thailand.
| | - Wanida Petlamul
- Center of Excellence BCG for Sustainable Development, College of Innovation and Management, Songkhla Rajabhat University, Songkhla, 90000, Thailand
| | - Sirasit Srinuanpan
- Center of Excellence in Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Utilization, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Karistsapol Nooprom
- Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Songkhla Rajabhat University, Songkhla 90000, Thailand
| | - Zhiwei Zhang
- Institute of Materia Medica, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, People's Republic of China
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Hınçal S, Yalçın M. Biological control of some wood-decay fungi with antagonistic fungi. Biodegradation 2023; 34:597-607. [PMID: 37436664 DOI: 10.1007/s10532-023-10045-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
One of the most important biological factors that damage wood materials are wood-decay fungi (WDF). Chemical preservatives have traditionally been the most effective method for controlling WDF. However, due to environmental pressures, scientists are working on alternative protection methods. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential of some antagonistic fungi against wood-decay fungi as a biological control agent (BCA). For this purpose, the antagonistic effects of Trichoderma harzianum, Trichoderma viride, Aspergillus niger, and Penicillium brevicompactum fungi were investigated against the Trametes versicolor, Trametes hirsuta, Stereum hirsutum, Coniophora puteana, Neolentinus lepideus, and Postia placenta species of wood-decay Basidiomycetes fungi. In the study, firstly, inhibition rates were determined by comparing dual culture tests on agar medium, and then the performance of BCAs was compared by performing decay tests on wood blocks. As a result of the study, it was determined that the species belonging to the genus Trichoderma showed a very effective performance on WDF, increased the inhibition rate to 76-99%, and reduced the weight loss to 1.9-5.8%. Considering the inhibition rates, it was determined that the most effective rate of the BCAs was on P. placenta and the least on S. hirsutum species. According to the results obtained, it has been determined that some BCAs were very effective biological control agents of rot fungi on agar and wood blocks in vitro. However, in order to more clearly determine the effectiveness of BCAs in practice, this study, which was carried out in the laboratory environment, should be supported by tests performed in contact with the external field and soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selim Hınçal
- Department of Forest Industry Engineering, Faculty of Forestry, Duzce University, Duzce, Turkey
| | - Mesut Yalçın
- Department of Forest Industry Engineering, Faculty of Forestry, Duzce University, Duzce, Turkey.
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Aamir M, Shanmugam V, Dubey MK, Husain FM, Adil M, Ansari WA, Rai A, Sah P. Transcriptomic characterization of Trichoderma harzianum T34 primed tomato plants: assessment of biocontrol agent induced host specific gene expression and plant growth promotion. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:552. [PMID: 37940862 PMCID: PMC10631224 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04502-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the intricate interplay between Trichoderma and the tomato genome, focusing on the transcriptional and metabolic changes triggered during the late colonization event. Microarray probe set (GSE76332) was utilized to analyze the gene expression profiles changes of the un-inoculated control (tomato) and Trichoderma-tomato interactions for identification of the differentially expressed significant genes. Based on principal component analysis and R-based correlation, we observed a positive correlation between the two cross-comaparable groups, corroborating the existence of transcriptional responses in the host triggered by Trichoderma priming. The statistically significant genes based on different p-value cut-off scores [(padj-values or q-value); padj-value < 0.05], [(pcal-values); pcal-value < 0.05; pcal < 0.01; pcal < 0.001)] were cross compared. Through cross-comparison, we identified 156 common genes that were consistently significant across all probability thresholds, and showing a strong positive corelation between p-value and q-value in the selected probe sets. We reported TD2, CPT1, pectin synthase, EXT-3 (extensin-3), Lox C, and pyruvate kinase (PK), which exhibited upregulated expression, and Glb1 and nitrate reductase (nii), which demonstrated downregulated expression during Trichoderma-tomato interaction. In addition, microbial priming with Trichoderma resulted into differential expression of transcription factors related to systemic defense and flowering including MYB13, MYB78, ERF2, ERF3, ERF5, ERF-1B, NAC, MADS box, ZF3, ZAT10, A20/AN1, polyol sugar transporter like zinc finger proteins, and a novel plant defensin protein. The potential bottleneck and hub genes involved in this dynamic response were also identified. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis based on 25 topmost DEGS (pcal-value < 0.05) and the Weighted Correlation Gene Network Analysis (WGCNA) of the 1786 significant DEGs (pcal-value < 0.05) we reported the hits associated with carbohydrate metabolism, secondary metabolite biosynthesis, and the nitrogen metabolism. We conclude that the Trichoderma-induced microbial priming re-programmed the host genome for transcriptional response during the late colonization event and were characterized by metabolic shifting and biochemical changes specific to plant growth and development. The work also highlights the relevance of statistical parameters in understanding the gene regulatory dynamics and complex regulatory networks based on differential expression, co-expression, and protein interaction networks orchestrating the host responses to beneficial microbial interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Aamir
- Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa, New Delhi-110012, Delhi, India.
| | - V Shanmugam
- Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa, New Delhi-110012, Delhi, India
| | - Manish Kumar Dubey
- Department of Biotechnology, University Centre for Research & Development (UCRD), Chandigarh University, Punjab, 140413, India
| | - Fohad Mabood Husain
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh-11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd Adil
- Plant, Food and Environmental Sciences, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS, B2N2R9, Canada
| | - Waquar Akhter Ansari
- Department of Botany, Centre for Advanced Study, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221002, India
| | - Ashutosh Rai
- Department of Basic and Social Sciences, College of Horticulture, Banda University of Agriculture and Technology, Uttar Pradesh, Banda, 210001, India
| | - Pankaj Sah
- Applied Sciences Department, College of Applied Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Technology and Applied Sciences-Muscat, Al Janubyyah Street, PO Box 74, Muscat, 133, Sultanate of Oman
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Pioli S, Clagnan E, Chowdhury AA, Bani A, Borruso L, Ventura M, Tonon G, Brusetti L. Structural and functional microbial diversity in deadwood respond to decomposition dynamics. Environ Microbiol 2023; 25:2351-2367. [PMID: 37403552 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.16459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the changes in microbial community diversities and functions in natural downed wood at different decay stages in a natural oak forest in the Italian Alps, through metagenomics analysis and in vitro analysis. Alfa diversity of bacterial communities was affected by the decay stage and log characteristics, while beta diversity was mainly driven by log diameter. Fungal and archaeal beta diversities were affected by the size of the sampled wood (log diameter), although, fungi were prominently driven by wood decay stage. The analysis of genes targeting cell wall degradation revealed higher abundances of cellulose and pectin-degrading enzymes in bacteria, while in fungi the enzymes targeting cellulose and hemicellulose were more abundant. The decay class affected the abundance of single enzymes, revealing a shift in complex hydrocarbons degradation pathways along the decay process. Moreover, we found that the genes related to Coenzyme M biosynthesis to be the most abundant especially at early stages of wood decomposition while the overall methanogenesis did not seem to be influenced by the decay stage. Intra- and inter-kingdom interactions between bacteria and fungi revealed complex pattern of community structure in response to decay stage possibly reflecting both direct and indirect interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Pioli
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bolzano/Bozen, Bolzano/Bozen, Italy
- Institute of Research on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET), National Research Council (CNR), Monterotondo Scalo (RM), Italy
| | - Elisa Clagnan
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bolzano/Bozen, Bolzano/Bozen, Italy
| | - Atif Aziz Chowdhury
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bolzano/Bozen, Bolzano/Bozen, Italy
| | - Alessia Bani
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bolzano/Bozen, Bolzano/Bozen, Italy
| | - Luigimaria Borruso
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bolzano/Bozen, Bolzano/Bozen, Italy
| | - Maurizio Ventura
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bolzano/Bozen, Bolzano/Bozen, Italy
| | - Giustino Tonon
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bolzano/Bozen, Bolzano/Bozen, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Brusetti
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bolzano/Bozen, Bolzano/Bozen, Italy
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Andrade-Hoyos P, Rivera-Jiménez MN, Landero-Valenzuela N, Silva-Rojas HV, Martínez-Salgado SJ, Romero-Arenas O. [Ecological and biological benefits of the cosmopolitan fungus Trichoderma spp. in agriculture: A perspective in the Mexican countryside]. Rev Argent Microbiol 2023; 55:366-377. [PMID: 37704515 DOI: 10.1016/j.ram.2023.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
There is currently an extensive record of scientific studies on the general characteristics of filamentous fungus Trichoderma spp., which demonstrates its wide range of interrelation in ecosystems and its fungal activity that benefits the agricultural sector and agroindustry, as well as its importance in the preservation and restoration of the soil microbiota. The success of the biological and ecological benefits of Trichoderma is due to its reproductive capacity, as well as its efficiency in the use of soil nutrients; the efficacy of the genus has been reported against a variety of phytopathogenic fungi, as well as the potential to synthesize and release enzymes (cellulases, xylanases, and chitinases) that have been implemented in agroindustrial bioprocesses. It has also been reported that various species of Trichoderma spp. can produce auxins and gibberellin-type growth regulators, reported as growth promoters of some agricultural crops; however, their most relevant fact is their ability to prevail at certain doses of 'agrotoxic' active ingredients and contribute studies regarding processes for obtaining biofuel and bioremediation of the agricultural soil. In this overview, a general description of the current and relevant studies of the different subspecies of Trichoderma and their contribution in agriculture is made, presenting results obtained in vitro, in greenhouses and in the field. This analysis will serve as a starting point for future research in Mexico, specifically on the genus Trichoderma and its benefits for the Mexican countryside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Andrade-Hoyos
- Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales Agrícolas y Pecuarias (INIFAP), Campo Experimental Zacatepec, Morelos, México
| | - Mally N Rivera-Jiménez
- Dirección de Investigación Agrícola. Agrosistemas mg S. A. de C.V., Villahermosa, Tabasco, México
| | | | - Hilda V Silva-Rojas
- Producción de Semillas, Colegio de Postgraduados, Campus Montecillo, Texcoco, Estado de México, México
| | - Saira J Martínez-Salgado
- Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales Agrícolas y Pecuarias (INIFAP), Campo Experimental Zacatepec, Morelos, México
| | - Omar Romero-Arenas
- Manejo Sostenible de Agroecosistemas, Instituto de Ciencias, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, San Pedro Zacachimalpa, Puebla, México.
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11
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Ye C, Jing T, Sha Y, Mo M, Yu Z. Two new Trichoderma species (Hypocreales, Hypocreaceae) isolated from decaying tubers of Gastrodiaelate. MycoKeys 2023; 99:187-207. [PMID: 37719304 PMCID: PMC10504636 DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.99.109404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Species of Trichoderma are widely distributed around the world. In this study, two new species in Trichoderma, named as T.albidum and T.variegatum, were introduced and illustrated. These species were isolated from diseased tubers of Gastrodiaelata in China and identified based on morphological characteristics and multi-gene sequence analyses of three loci that is the internal transcribed spacer regions of the ribosomal DNA (ITS), the translation elongation factor 1-α encoding gene (tef1-α) and the gene encoding the second largest nuclear RNA polymerase subunit (rpb2). Distinctions between the new species and their close relatives were discussed. According to results of the phylogenetic analyses, T.albidum belonged to the Harzianum clade and T.variegatum are grouped with species of the Spirale clade. The expansion of two clades provided research foundations for the prevention and control of tuber diseases in G.elata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuwen Ye
- Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources, Key Laboratory for Microbial Resources of the Ministry of Education, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650091, ChinaYunnan UniversityKunmingChina
| | - Tingting Jing
- Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources, Key Laboratory for Microbial Resources of the Ministry of Education, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650091, ChinaYunnan UniversityKunmingChina
| | - Yuru Sha
- Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources, Key Laboratory for Microbial Resources of the Ministry of Education, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650091, ChinaYunnan UniversityKunmingChina
| | - Minghe Mo
- Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources, Key Laboratory for Microbial Resources of the Ministry of Education, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650091, ChinaYunnan UniversityKunmingChina
| | - Zefen Yu
- Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources, Key Laboratory for Microbial Resources of the Ministry of Education, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650091, ChinaYunnan UniversityKunmingChina
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12
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Qi Q, Fan C, Wu H, Sun L, Cao C. Preparation of Trichoderma asperellum Microcapsules and Biocontrol of Cucumber Powdery Mildew. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0508422. [PMID: 37102872 PMCID: PMC10269890 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.05084-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Microencapsulation is an important technique for protecting the viability and activity of microorganisms under adverse environmental conditions. To improve biological control, controlled-release microcapsules of Trichoderma asperellum were prepared and embedded in combinations of the biodegradable wall materials sodium alginate (SA). The microcapsules were evaluated for their ability to control cucumber powdery mildew in the greenhouse. The results showed that the highest encapsulation efficiency of 95% was obtained by applying 1% SA and 4% calcium chloride. The microcapsules provided good, controlled release and UV resistance, and could be stored for a long time. The greenhouse experiment revealed that the T. asperellum microcapsules had a maximal biocontrol efficiency of 76% against cucumber powdery mildew. In summary, embedding T. asperellum in microcapsules is a promising technique to improve the survivability of T. asperellum conidia. The T. asperellum microcapsules exerted significant biocontrol efficiency against cucumber powdery mildew. IMPORTANCE Trichoderma asperellum is widely found in plant roots and soil and has been used for the biocontrol of various plant pathogens; however, the control efficiency of T. asperellum is usually unstable in field trials. To improve the control efficiency of T. asperellum, in the present study, T. asperellum microcapsules were prepared using sodium alginate as wall material to reduce the effects of temperature, UV irradiation, and other environmental factors on its activity, and to significantly improve its biocontrol efficiency on cucumber powdery mildew. Microcapsules can prolong the shelf life of microbial pesticides. This study provides a new way to prepare a biocontrol agent against cucumber powdery mildew with high efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Qi
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chengcheng Fan
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongqu Wu
- Hubei Biopesticide Engineering Research Center, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lili Sun
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chuanwang Cao
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
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13
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Pasquoto-Stigliani T, Guilger-Casagrande M, Campos EVR, Germano-Costa T, Bilesky-José N, Migliorini BB, Feitosa LO, Sousa BT, de Oliveira HC, Fraceto LF, Lima R. Titanium biogenic nanoparticles to help the growth of Trichoderma harzianum to be used in biological control. J Nanobiotechnology 2023; 21:166. [PMID: 37231443 PMCID: PMC10210372 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-01918-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The biogenic synthesis of metallic nanoparticles is a green alternative that reduces the toxicity of this nanomaterials and may enable a synergy between the metallic core and the biomolecules employed in the process enhancing biological activity. The aim of this study was to synthesize biogenic titanium nanoparticles using the filtrate of the fungus Trichoderma harzianum as a stabilizing agent, to obtain a potential biological activity against phytopathogens and mainly stimulate the growth of T. harzianum, enhancing its efficacy for biological control. RESULTS The synthesis was successful and reproductive structures remained in the suspension, showing faster and larger mycelial growth compared to commercial T. harzianum and filtrate. The nanoparticles with residual T. harzianum growth showed inhibitory potential against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum mycelial growth and the formation of new resistant structures. A great chitinolytic activity of the nanoparticles was observed in comparison with T. harzianum. In regard to toxicity evaluation, an absence of cytotoxicity and a protective effect of the nanoparticles was observed through MTT and Trypan blue assay. No genotoxicity was observed on V79-4 and 3T3 cell lines while HaCat showed higher sensitivity. Microorganisms of agricultural importance were not affected by the exposure to the nanoparticles, however a decrease in the number of nitrogen cycling bacteria was observed. In regard to phytotoxicity, the nanoparticles did not cause morphological and biochemical changes on soybean plants. CONCLUSION The production of biogenic nanoparticles was an essential factor in stimulating or maintaining structures that are important for biological control, showing that this may be an essential strategy to stimulate the growth of biocontrol organisms to promote more sustainable agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiane Pasquoto-Stigliani
- Laboratory for Evaluation of the Bioactivity and Toxicology of Nanomaterials, University of Sorocaba (UNISO), Sorocaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariana Guilger-Casagrande
- Laboratory for Evaluation of the Bioactivity and Toxicology of Nanomaterials, University of Sorocaba (UNISO), Sorocaba, São Paulo, Brazil
- Institute of Science and Technology of Sorocaba, Laboratory of Environmental Nanotechnology, State University of São Paulo (UNESP), Sorocaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Estefânia V R Campos
- Institute of Science and Technology of Sorocaba, Laboratory of Environmental Nanotechnology, State University of São Paulo (UNESP), Sorocaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tais Germano-Costa
- Laboratory for Evaluation of the Bioactivity and Toxicology of Nanomaterials, University of Sorocaba (UNISO), Sorocaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Natalia Bilesky-José
- Laboratory for Evaluation of the Bioactivity and Toxicology of Nanomaterials, University of Sorocaba (UNISO), Sorocaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bianca B Migliorini
- Laboratory for Evaluation of the Bioactivity and Toxicology of Nanomaterials, University of Sorocaba (UNISO), Sorocaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leandro O Feitosa
- Laboratory for Evaluation of the Bioactivity and Toxicology of Nanomaterials, University of Sorocaba (UNISO), Sorocaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruno T Sousa
- Departament of Animal and Plant Biology, University of Londrina (UEL), Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Halley C de Oliveira
- Departament of Animal and Plant Biology, University of Londrina (UEL), Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Leonardo F Fraceto
- Institute of Science and Technology of Sorocaba, Laboratory of Environmental Nanotechnology, State University of São Paulo (UNESP), Sorocaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renata Lima
- Laboratory for Evaluation of the Bioactivity and Toxicology of Nanomaterials, University of Sorocaba (UNISO), Sorocaba, São Paulo, Brazil.
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14
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Islam MR, Chowdhury R, Roy AS, Islam MN, Mita MM, Bashar S, Saha P, Rahat RA, Hasan M, Akter MA, Alam MZ, Latif MA. Native Trichoderma Induced the Defense-Related Enzymes and Genes in Rice against Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae ( Xoo). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12091864. [PMID: 37176922 PMCID: PMC10180545 DOI: 10.3390/plants12091864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The application of Trichoderma is a form of biological control that has been effective in combating Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, the causative agent of the devastating disease known as bacterial blight of rice. In this present study, four strains of Trichoderma, viz., T. paraviridescens (BDISOF67), T. erinaceum (BDISOF91), T. asperellum (BDISOF08), and T. asperellum (BDISOF09), were collected from the rice rhizosphere and used to test their potentiality in reducing bacterial blight. The expression patterns of several core defense-related enzymes and genes related to SA and JA pathways were studied to explore the mechanism of induced resistance by those Trichoderma strains. The results primarily indicated that all Trichoderma were significantly efficient in reducing the lesion length of the leaf over rice check variety (IR24) through enhancing the expression of core defense-related enzymes, such as PAL, PPO, CAT, and POD activities by 4.27, 1.77, 3.53, and 1.57-fold, respectively, over control. Moreover, the results of qRT-PCR exhibited an upregulation of genes OsPR1, OsPR10, OsWRKY45, OsWRKY62, OsWRKY71, OsHI-LOX, and OsACS2 after 24 h of inoculation with all tested Trichoderma strains. However, in the case of RT-PCR, no major changes in OsPR1 and OsPR10 expression were observed in plants treated with different Trichoderma strains during different courses of time. Collectively, Trichoderma induced resistance in rice against X. oryzae pv. oryzae by triggering these core defense-related enzymes and genes associated with SA and JA pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Rashidul Islam
- Plant Bacteriology and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Plant Pathology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Rabin Chowdhury
- Plant Bacteriology and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Plant Pathology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Arpita Saha Roy
- Plant Bacteriology and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Plant Pathology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Md Nazmul Islam
- Plant Bacteriology and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Plant Pathology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Mamuna Mahjabin Mita
- Plant Bacteriology and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Plant Pathology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Samrin Bashar
- Plant Bacteriology and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Plant Pathology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Plabon Saha
- Plant Bacteriology and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Plant Pathology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Ridwan Ahmed Rahat
- Faculty of Agriculture, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Mehedi Hasan
- Faculty of Agriculture, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Mst Arjina Akter
- Plant Bacteriology and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Plant Pathology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Md Zahangir Alam
- Plant Bacteriology and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Plant Pathology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Md Abdul Latif
- Plant Pathology Division, Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Joydebpur, Gazipur 1701, Bangladesh
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15
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Hajji-Hedfi L, Hlaoua W, Rhouma A, Al-Judaibi AA, Arcos SC, Robertson L, Ciordia S, Horrigue-Raouani N, Navas A, Abdel-Azeem AM. Biological and proteomic analysis of a new isolate of the nematophagous fungus lecanicillium sp. BMC Microbiol 2023; 23:108. [PMID: 37081392 PMCID: PMC10116813 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-023-02855-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In our continuing search for biologically active natural enemies from North of Africa with special reference to Tunisian fungi, our teamwork screened fungi from different ecological habitats in Tunisia. Our previous study on the comparative effectiveness of filamentous fungi in the biocontrol of Meloidogyne javanica, a taxon (Lecanicillium) showed high potentiality against M. javanica. We undertook the present study to evaluate the ability and understand the mechanism of this fungal parasite as a biological control candidate against the root-knot nematode M. javanica. This study used in vitro bioassays with fungal filtrate cultures, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observation, and isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) methodology to characterize the biological and molecular features of this fungus. RESULTS The microscopic and SEM observation revealed that Lecanicillium sp. exhibited exceptional hyperparasitism against M. javanica eggs. The hyphae of this fungi penetrated the eggs, causing destructive damage to the outer eggshell. The exposure to five concentrations of Lecanicillium sp. filtrate cultures showed high inhibition of egg hatching, which increases depending on the exposure time; the best results are recorded at 50%, 75%, and 100% dilutions after seven days of exposure. The SEM observation of nematode-parasitized eggs and juveniles suggests that the production of lytic enzymes degrades the egg cuticle and fungal hyphae penetrate unhatched M.javanica juveniles. Forty-seven unique proteins were identified from the Lecanicillium sp. isolate. These proteins have signalling and stress response functions, bioenergy, metabolism, and protein synthesis and degradation. CONCLUSION Collectively, Lecanicillium sp. had ovicidal potentiality proved by SEM and proteomic analysis against root-knot nematode' eggs. This study recommended applying this biological control candidate as a bio-agent on vegetable crops grown in situ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lobna Hajji-Hedfi
- Regional Centre of Agricultural Research of Sidi Bouzid, CRRA, Gafsa Road Km 6, B.P. 357, Sidi Bouzid, 9100, Tunisia.
| | - Wassila Hlaoua
- Department of Plant Protection and Biological Sciences, Higher Agronomic Institute of Chott-Meriem, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Abdelhak Rhouma
- Regional Centre of Agricultural Research of Sidi Bouzid, CRRA, Gafsa Road Km 6, B.P. 357, Sidi Bouzid, 9100, Tunisia
| | - Awatif A Al-Judaibi
- Department of Biological Sciences-Microbiology Section, Faculty of Science, Jeddah University, Jeddah, 21959, Saudi Arabia
| | - Susana Cobacho Arcos
- Department of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lee Robertson
- Dpto Protección Vegetal. Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Agrarias. Carretera de la Coruña, Km 7, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - Sergio Ciordia
- Unidad de Proteómica Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, CSIC, Campus de Cantoblanco, Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - Najet Horrigue-Raouani
- Department of Plant Protection and Biological Sciences, Higher Agronomic Institute of Chott-Meriem, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Alfonso Navas
- Department of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ahmed M Abdel-Azeem
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt.
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16
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Chóez-Guaranda I, Espinoza-Lozano F, Reyes-Araujo D, Romero C, Manzano P, Galarza L, Sosa D. Chemical Characterization of Trichoderma spp. Extracts with Antifungal Activity against Cocoa Pathogens. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28073208. [PMID: 37049971 PMCID: PMC10095870 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28073208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Ecuador is one of the major cocoa producers worldwide, but its productivity has lately been affected by diseases. Endophytic biocontrol agents have been used to minimize pathogenic effects; however, compounds produced by endophytes are minimally understood. This work presents the chemical characterization of the Trichoderma species extracts that proved inhibition against cocoa pathogens. Solid-liquid extraction was performed as a partitioning method using medium with the fungal mycelia of Trichoderma reesei (C2A), Trichoderma sp. (C3A), Trichoderma harzianum (C4A), and Trichoderma spirale (C10) in ethyl acetate individually. The extract of T. spirale (C10) exhibited the growth inhibition (32.97-47.02%) of Moniliophthora perniciosa at 10 µg/mL, while a slight stimulation of Moniliophthora roreri was shown by the extracts of T. reesei (C2A) and T. harzianum (C4A) at higher concentrations. The inhibitory activity could be related to alkaloids, lactones, quinones, flavonoids, triterpenes, and sterols, as indicated by chemical screening and antifungal compounds, such as widdrol, β-caryophyllene, tyrosol, butyl isobutyrate, sorbic acid, palmitic acid, palmitelaidic acid, linoleic acid, and oleic acid, which were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The results showed that the extracts, particularly T. spirale (C10), have the potential as biocontrol agents against witches' broom disease; however, further studies are needed to confirm their effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Chóez-Guaranda
- Centro de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas del Ecuador, ESPOL Polytechnic University, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Guayaquil P.O. Box 091050, Ecuador
| | - Fernando Espinoza-Lozano
- Centro de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas del Ecuador, ESPOL Polytechnic University, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Guayaquil P.O. Box 091050, Ecuador
| | - Dennys Reyes-Araujo
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida y de la Agricultura, Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas-ESPE, Sangolquí P.O. Box 171-5-231B, Ecuador
| | - Christian Romero
- Centro de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas del Ecuador, ESPOL Polytechnic University, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Guayaquil P.O. Box 091050, Ecuador
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, ESPOL Polytechnic University, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Guayaquil P.O. Box 091050, Ecuador
| | - Patricia Manzano
- Centro de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas del Ecuador, ESPOL Polytechnic University, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Guayaquil P.O. Box 091050, Ecuador
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, ESPOL Polytechnic University, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Guayaquil P.O. Box 091050, Ecuador
| | - Luis Galarza
- Centro de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas del Ecuador, ESPOL Polytechnic University, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Guayaquil P.O. Box 091050, Ecuador
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, ESPOL Polytechnic University, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Guayaquil P.O. Box 091050, Ecuador
| | - Daynet Sosa
- Centro de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas del Ecuador, ESPOL Polytechnic University, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Guayaquil P.O. Box 091050, Ecuador
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, ESPOL Polytechnic University, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Guayaquil P.O. Box 091050, Ecuador
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17
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Dos Santos UR, Dos Santos JL. Trichoderma after crossing kingdoms: infections in human populations. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART B, CRITICAL REVIEWS 2023; 26:97-126. [PMID: 36748123 DOI: 10.1080/10937404.2023.2172498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Trichoderma is a saprophytic fungus that is used worldwide as a biocontrol and biofertilizer agent. Although considered nonpathogenic until recently, reports of human infections produced by members of the Trichoderma genus are increasing. Numerous sources of infection were proposed based upon patient data and phylogenetic analysis, including air, agriculture, and healthcare facilities, but the deficit of knowledge concerning Trichoderma infections makes patient treatment difficult. These issues are compounded by isolates that present profiles which exhibit high minimum inhibitory concentration values to available antifungal drugs. The aim of this review is to present the global distribution and sources of infections that affect both immunocompetent and immunocompromised hosts, clinical features, therapeutic strategies that are used to treat patients, as well as highlighting treatments with the best responses. In addition, the antifungal susceptibility profiles of Trichoderma isolates that have emerged in recent decades were examined and which antifungal drugs need to be further evaluated as potential candidates to treat Trichoderma infections are also indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uener Ribeiro Dos Santos
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Biological Science, State University of Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, BA, Brazil
| | - Jane Lima Dos Santos
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Biological Science, State University of Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, BA, Brazil
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18
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Ganassi S, Domenico CD, Altomare C, Samuels GJ, Grazioso P, Cillo PD, Pietrantonio L, De Cristofaro A. Potential of fungi of the genus Trichoderma for biocontrol of Philaenus spumarius, the insect vector for the quarantine bacterium Xylella fastidosa. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2023; 79:719-728. [PMID: 36256490 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The meadow spittlebug Philaenus spumarius L. is the vector for the bacterium Xylella fastidiosa subspecies pauca, involved in olive quick decline syndrome (OQDS) in Salento (Italy). Control of P. spumarius is key to limiting transmission of the bacterium, and an innovative approach can be based on effective natural compounds and biocontrol agents. Entomopathogenic fungi are an important source of bioactive natural molecules that play a role in the relationship between microorganisms and insects. RESULTS Pathogenicity bioassays, performed by dipping adults of P. spumarius in either fungal culture suspension (120 mg mL-1 ) or cell-free culture supernatant of Trichoderma chlorosporum GJS 91-150, showed, respectively, 97% and 87% death within 24 h. The effect was dose-dependent. In laboratory bioassays, the powdered fungal culture of T. chlorosporum GJS 91-150 did not exhibit pathogenic activity when injected into nymph spittle. CONCLUSIONS T. chlorosporum GJS 91-150 affected the survival of P. spumarius adults. The lethal effect was not associated with the development of mycelium on the cuticle, but seems due, at least partly, to fungal metabolites released in the culture medium. The fungus tested here has good potential for the development of effective low-environmental impact control strategies for P. spumarius and suppression of X. fastidiosa. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Ganassi
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Carmela Di Domenico
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | | | - Gary J Samuels
- USDA-ARS Systematic Mycology and Microbiology Lab, Beltsville, MD, USA
| | - Pasqualina Grazioso
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | | | | | - Antonio De Cristofaro
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
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19
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Yin J, Bai R, Yuan L, Huang JG. Application of Ceriporia lacerata HG2011 as biocontrol agent against multiple phytopathogenic fungi and oomycetes. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 190:105316. [PMID: 36740332 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2022.105316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Overuse of fungicides to control crop diseases results in ecological damage, environmental pollution, and human health risks. Biocontrol is an increasingly popular alternative in plant disease management due to sustainability and environmental friendliness. Herein, antagonistic tests and greenhouse experiments were conducted to investigate the antagonism of a self-isolated white-rot fungus Ceriporia lacerata HG2011 against phytopathogens in vitro, the underlying mechanism exerted by this fungus, and disease control efficiency in the greenhouse. The results demonstrated that both soluble and volatile substances produced by this fungus suppressed the growth of all test phytopathogen fungi and oomycetes in vitro, with the inhibitory rates of 10.4-60.6% for soluble metabolites and 30.3-52.9% for volatiles. C. lacerata HG2011 could grow in and gradually spread on living phytopathogenic colonies, concurrently deformed and lysed pathogenic hyphae in dual culture, which were associated with the release of hydrolase (cellulose, chitinase, β-glucanase, and protease) from this biocontrol fungus for the use of the pathogens as nutrient sources. The chitinolytic and cellulolytic production by C. lacerata HG2011 presents the specific response to the cell wall of pathogenic fungi and oomycetes, and β-glucanase was triggered by carbon competition. Consequently, C. lacerata HG2011 successfully controlled eggplant stem blight and cucumber vine blight (control efficacy 67.9-70.9%) in the greenhouse experiments. C. lacerata HG2011 showed multiple antagonistic mechanisms against the phytopathogenic fungi and oomycetes concurrently. Our results provided information about a new potential use of this fungus as a biocontrol agent to control plant diseases in modern agriculture beyond medical purposes, wastewater treatment, and biofuel production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yin
- College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Ruxia Bai
- College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Ling Yuan
- College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Jian-Guo Huang
- College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China.
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Guzmán-Guzmán P, Kumar A, de los Santos-Villalobos S, Parra-Cota FI, Orozco-Mosqueda MDC, Fadiji AE, Hyder S, Babalola OO, Santoyo G. Trichoderma Species: Our Best Fungal Allies in the Biocontrol of Plant Diseases-A Review. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12030432. [PMID: 36771517 PMCID: PMC9921048 DOI: 10.3390/plants12030432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Biocontrol agents (BCA) have been an important tool in agriculture to prevent crop losses due to plant pathogens infections and to increase plant food production globally, diminishing the necessity for chemical pesticides and fertilizers and offering a more sustainable and environmentally friendly option. Fungi from the genus Trichoderma are among the most used and studied microorganisms as BCA due to the variety of biocontrol traits, such as parasitism, antibiosis, secondary metabolites (SM) production, and plant defense system induction. Several Trichoderma species are well-known mycoparasites. However, some of those species can antagonize other organisms such as nematodes and plant pests, making this fungus a very versatile BCA. Trichoderma has been used in agriculture as part of innovative bioformulations, either just Trichoderma species or in combination with other plant-beneficial microbes, such as plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB). Here, we review the most recent literature regarding the biocontrol studies about six of the most used Trichoderma species, T. atroviride, T. harzianum, T. asperellum, T. virens, T. longibrachiatum, and T. viride, highlighting their biocontrol traits and the use of these fungal genera in Trichoderma-based formulations to control or prevent plant diseases, and their importance as a substitute for chemical pesticides and fertilizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Guzmán-Guzmán
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia 58030, Mexico
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Department of Postharvest Science, ARO, Volcani Center, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel
| | | | - Fannie I. Parra-Cota
- Campo Experimental Norman E. Borlaug, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias (INIFAP), Ciudad Obregón 85000, Mexico
| | | | - Ayomide Emmanuel Fadiji
- Food Security and Safety Focus Area, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa
| | - Sajjad Hyder
- Department of Botany, Government College Women University Sialkot, Sialkot 51310, Pakistan
| | - Olubukola Oluranti Babalola
- Food Security and Safety Focus Area, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa
| | - Gustavo Santoyo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia 58030, Mexico
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21
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Rodrigues AO, May De Mio LL, Soccol CR. Trichoderma as a powerful fungal disease control agent for a more sustainable and healthy agriculture: recent studies and molecular insights. PLANTA 2023; 257:31. [PMID: 36602606 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-022-04053-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Molecular studies have elucidated Trichoderma's biocontrol mechanisms. Since fungicides have limited use, Trichoderma could control disease by new metabolic routes and epigenetic alterations. Due to environmental and health hazards, agrochemicals have been a concern since they were introduced in agriculture. Trichoderma, a well-known fungal genus with different mechanisms of action, is an alternative to pesticides and a great tool to help minimize disease incidence. Trichoderma-treated plants mainly benefit from disease control and growth promotion through priming, and these fungi can modulate plants' gene expression by boosting their immune system, accelerating their response to threats, and building stress tolerance. The latest studies suggest that epigenetics is required for plant priming and could be essential for growth promotion, expanding the possibilities for producing new resistant plant varieties. Trichoderma's propagules can be mass produced and formulated depending on the delivery method. Microsclerotia-based bioproducts could be a promising way of increasing the reliability and durability of marketed products in the field, as well as help guarantee longer shelf life. Developing novel formulations and selecting efficient Trichoderma strains can be tiresome, but patent search indicates an increase in the industrialization and commercialization of technologies and an expansion of companies' involvement in research and development in this field. Although Trichoderma is considered a well-known fungal genus, it still attracts the attention of large companies, universities, and research institutes around the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda O Rodrigues
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, PR, 81531-908, Brazil
| | - Louise L May De Mio
- Department of Crop Science and Protection, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, PR, 80035-050, Brazil
| | - Carlos R Soccol
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, PR, 81531-908, Brazil.
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22
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Xiao Z, Zhao Q, Li W, Gao L, Liu G. Strain improvement of Trichoderma harzianum for enhanced biocontrol capacity: Strategies and prospects. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1146210. [PMID: 37125207 PMCID: PMC10134904 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1146210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In the control of plant diseases, biocontrol has the advantages of being efficient and safe for human health and the environment. The filamentous fungus Trichoderma harzianum and its closely related species can inhibit the growth of many phytopathogenic fungi, and have been developed as commercial biocontrol agents for decades. In this review, we summarize studies on T. harzianum species complex from the perspective of strain improvement. To elevate the biocontrol ability, the production of extracellular proteins and compounds with antimicrobial or plant immunity-eliciting activities need to be enhanced. In addition, resistance to various environmental stressors should be strengthened. Engineering the gene regulatory system has the potential to modulate a variety of biological processes related to biocontrol. With the rapidly developing technologies for fungal genetic engineering, T. harzianum strains with increased biocontrol activities are expected to be constructed to promote the sustainable development of agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyang Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Qinqin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wei Li
- Shanghai Tobacco Group Beijing Cigarette Factory Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Liwei Gao
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Liwei Gao,
| | - Guodong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
- *Correspondence: Guodong Liu,
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Panchalingam H, Powell D, Adra C, Foster K, Tomlin R, Quigley BL, Nyari S, Hayes RA, Shapcott A, Kurtböke Dİ. Assessing the Various Antagonistic Mechanisms of Trichoderma Strains against the Brown Root Rot Pathogen Pyrrhoderma noxium Infecting Heritage Fig Trees. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8101105. [PMID: 36294670 PMCID: PMC9605450 DOI: 10.3390/jof8101105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A wide range of phytopathogenic fungi exist causing various plant diseases, which can lead to devastating economic, environmental, and social impacts on a global scale. One such fungus is Pyrrhoderma noxium, causing brown root rot disease in over 200 plant species of a variety of life forms mostly in the tropical and subtropical regions of the globe. The aim of this study was to discover the antagonistic abilities of two Trichoderma strains (#5001 and #5029) found to be closely related to Trichoderma reesei against P. noxium. The mycoparasitic mechanism of these Trichoderma strains against P. noxium involved coiling around the hyphae of the pathogen and producing appressorium like structures. Furthermore, a gene expression study identified an induced expression of the biological control activity associated genes in Trichoderma strains during the interaction with the pathogen. In addition, volatile and diffusible antifungal compounds produced by the Trichoderma strains were also effective in inhibiting the growth of the pathogen. The ability to produce Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), siderophores and the volatile compounds related to plant growth promotion were also identified as added benefits to the performance of these Trichoderma strains as biological control agents. Overall, these results show promise for the possibility of using the Trichoderma strains as potential biological control agents to protect P. noxium infected trees as well as preventing new infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harrchun Panchalingam
- School of Science, Technology and Engineering, The University of the Sunshine Coast, 90 Sippy Downs Dr, Sippy Downs, QLD 4556, Australia
| | - Daniel Powell
- School of Science, Technology and Engineering, The University of the Sunshine Coast, 90 Sippy Downs Dr, Sippy Downs, QLD 4556, Australia
| | - Cherrihan Adra
- School of Science, Technology and Engineering, The University of the Sunshine Coast, 90 Sippy Downs Dr, Sippy Downs, QLD 4556, Australia
| | - Keith Foster
- Brisbane City Council, Program, Planning and Integration, Brisbane Square, Level 10, 266 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Russell Tomlin
- Brisbane City Council, Program, Planning and Integration, Brisbane Square, Level 10, 266 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Bonnie L. Quigley
- School of Science, Technology and Engineering, The University of the Sunshine Coast, 90 Sippy Downs Dr, Sippy Downs, QLD 4556, Australia
| | - Sharon Nyari
- School of Science, Technology and Engineering, The University of the Sunshine Coast, 90 Sippy Downs Dr, Sippy Downs, QLD 4556, Australia
| | - R. Andrew Hayes
- Forest Industries Research Centre, The University of the Sunshine Coast, 90 Sippy Downs Dr, Sippy Downs, QLD 4556, Australia
| | - Alison Shapcott
- School of Science, Technology and Engineering, The University of the Sunshine Coast, 90 Sippy Downs Dr, Sippy Downs, QLD 4556, Australia
| | - D. İpek Kurtböke
- School of Science, Technology and Engineering, The University of the Sunshine Coast, 90 Sippy Downs Dr, Sippy Downs, QLD 4556, Australia
- Correspondence:
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Silva LG, Camargo RC, Mascarin GM, Nunes PSDO, Dunlap C, Bettiol W. Dual functionality of Trichoderma: Biocontrol of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and biostimulant of cotton plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:983127. [PMID: 36275544 PMCID: PMC9586451 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.983127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Microbial crop protection products based on Trichoderma have the ability to display multifunctional roles in plant protection, such as pathogen parasitism, enhance nutrient availability and stimulate plant growth, and these traits can be used to enhance the overall agronomic performance of a variety of crops. In the current study, we explored the multifunctional potential of two indigenous Brazilian strains of Trichoderma (T. asperelloides CMAA 1584 and T. lentiforme CMAA 1585) for their capability of controlling Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, a key plant pathogen of cotton, and for their ability of growth promotion in cotton plants (Gossypium hirsutum). Both strains were able to solubilize mineral phosphorus (CaHPO4), to release volatile organic compounds that impaired the mycelial growth of S. sclerotiorum, and to promote the growth of cotton plants under greenhouse conditions. In dual culture, Trichoderma strains reduced the growth rate and the number of sclerotia formed by S. sclerotiorum. By treating sclerotia with conidial suspensions of these Trichoderma strains, a strong inhibition of the myceliogenic germination was observed, as a result of the marked mycoparasitic activity exerted on the sclerotia. The parasitism over S. sclerotiorum was more effective with T. asperelloides CMAA 1584, whilst the biostimulant effects on cotton growth were more pronounced with T. lentiforme CMAA 1585, which also showed a higher capacity of phosphate solubilization. Thus, T. asperelloides CMAA 1584 displays higher efficiency in controlling S. sclerotiorum, while T. lentiforme CMAA 1585 is more suitable as a biostimulant due to its ability to promote growth in cotton plants. Overall, these Trichoderma strains may be used in mixture to provide both pathogen control and promotion of plant growth, and this strategy will support growers in minimizing the use of synthetic fertilizers and fungicides against white mold in cotton crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Guedes Silva
- Department of Plant Protection, School of Agriculture, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
- Embrapa Environment, Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology, Jaguariúna, Brazil
| | | | | | - Peterson Sylvio de Oliveira Nunes
- Embrapa Environment, Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology, Jaguariúna, Brazil
- Department of Phytopathology, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, Brazil
| | - Christopher Dunlap
- Crop Bioprotection Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, United States Department of Agriculture, Peoria, IL, United States
| | - Wagner Bettiol
- Embrapa Environment, Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology, Jaguariúna, Brazil
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25
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Samet M, Ghazala I, Karray F, Abid C, Chiab N, Nouri-Ellouz O, Sayadi S, Gargouri-Bouzid R. Isolation of bacterial strains from compost teas and screening of their PGPR properties on potato plants. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:75365-75379. [PMID: 35653020 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21046-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The beneficial effect of compost and compost tea on plant growth and protection is mainly associated with the microbial diversity and the presence of bacteria with plant growth-promoting effect. PGPR are considered as eco-friendly bio-fertilizers that may reduce the use of chemical pesticides and fertilizers. Three composts (AT, A10, and A30) were previously prepared from industrial wastes (olive mill wastewater, olive pomace, coffee ground, and phosphogypsum). In the present study, we isolated three bacterial strains from the compost teas. The phylogenetic identification of these bacterial strains (B.AT, B.A10, and B.A30) showed that they correspond to Serratia liquefaciens (B.AT and B.A10) and Achromobacter spanius (B.A30) species. A further characterization of the PGPR traits of these bacteria showed that they produce siderophore, exopolysaccharides, and IAA. Their effect on potato plant growth, yields, and tuber quality was performed under field culture conditions. Results showed that these strains can be characterized as PGPR, the best effect on potato plant growth was observed with Serratia liquefaciens (B.AT), the best yield and tuber quality was observed with Serratia liquefaciens (B.A10) while bacterial treatment with Achromobacter spanius (B.A30) is a Cd-tolerant PGPR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariem Samet
- Laboratory of Plant Improvement and Agro-Resources Valorization, National School of Engineers of Sfax, road of Soukra Km 4, B.P 1173, 3038, Sfax, Tunisia.
| | - Imen Ghazala
- Laboratory of Plant Improvement and Agro-Resources Valorization, National School of Engineers of Sfax, road of Soukra Km 4, B.P 1173, 3038, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Fatma Karray
- Laboratory of Environmental Bioprocesses, Sfax Biotechnology Center, Road of Sidi Mansour km6, BP 1177, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Cyrine Abid
- Laboratory of Plant Improvement and Agro-Resources Valorization, National School of Engineers of Sfax, road of Soukra Km 4, B.P 1173, 3038, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Nour Chiab
- Laboratory of Plant Improvement and Agro-Resources Valorization, National School of Engineers of Sfax, road of Soukra Km 4, B.P 1173, 3038, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Oumèma Nouri-Ellouz
- Laboratory of Plant Improvement and Agro-Resources Valorization, National School of Engineers of Sfax, road of Soukra Km 4, B.P 1173, 3038, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Sami Sayadi
- Biotechnology Program, Center for Sustainable Development, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Radhia Gargouri-Bouzid
- Laboratory of Plant Improvement and Agro-Resources Valorization, National School of Engineers of Sfax, road of Soukra Km 4, B.P 1173, 3038, Sfax, Tunisia
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26
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Drosophila melanogaster as an emerging model host for entomopathogenic fungi. FUNGAL BIOL REV 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbr.2022.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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27
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Pimentel MF, Arnao E, Warner AJ, Rocha LF, Subedi A, Elsharif N, Chilvers MI, Matthiesen R, Robertson AE, Bradley CA, Neves DL, Pedersen DK, Reuter-Carlson U, Lacey JV, Bond JP, Fakhoury AM. Reduction of Pythium Damping-Off in Soybean by Biocontrol Seed Treatment. PLANT DISEASE 2022; 106:2403-2414. [PMID: 35171634 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-06-21-1313-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Pythium spp. is one of the major groups of pathogens that cause seedling diseases on soybean, leading to both preemergence and postemergence damping-off and root rot. More than 100 species have been identified within this genus, with Pythium irregulare, P. sylvaticum, P. ultimum var ultimum, and P. torulosum being particularly important for soybean production given their aggressiveness, prevalence, and abundance in production fields. This study investigated the antagonistic activity of potential biological control agents (BCAs) native to the U.S. Midwest against Pythium spp. First, in vitro screening identified BCAs that inhibit P. ultimum var. ultimum growth. Scanning electron microscopy demonstrated evidence of mycoparasitism of all potential biocontrol isolates against P. ultimum var. ultimum and P. torulosum, with the formation of appressorium-like structures, short hyphal branches around host hyphae, hook-shaped structures, coiling, and parallel growth of the mycoparasite along the host hyphae. Based on these promising results, selected BCAs were tested under field conditions against six different Pythium spp. Trichoderma afroharzianum 26 used alone and a mix of T. hamatum 16 + T. afroharzianum 19 used as seed treatments protected soybean seedlings from Pythium spp. infection, as BCA-treated plots had on average 15 to 20% greater plant stand and vigor than control plots. Our results also indicate that some of these potential BCAs could be added with a fungicide seed treatment with minimum inhibition occurring, depending on the fungicide active ingredient. This research highlights the need to develop tools incorporating biological control as a facet of soybean seedling disease management programs. The harnessing of native BCAs could be integrated with other management strategies to provide efficient control of seedling diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirian F Pimentel
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901
| | - Erika Arnao
- College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
| | | | - Leonardo F Rocha
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901
| | - Arjun Subedi
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901
| | - Nariman Elsharif
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901
| | - Martin I Chilvers
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
| | - Rashelle Matthiesen
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, IA 50010
| | - Alison E Robertson
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, IA 50010
| | - Carl A Bradley
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky, Princeton, KY 42445
| | - Danilo L Neves
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky, Princeton, KY 42445
| | - Dianne K Pedersen
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801
| | | | - Jonathan V Lacey
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky, Princeton, KY 42445
| | - Jason P Bond
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901
| | - Ahmad M Fakhoury
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901
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Safari Motlagh MR, Jahangiri B, Kulus D, Tymoszuk A, Kaviani B. Endophytic Fungi as Potential Biocontrol Agents against Rhizoctonia solani J.G. Kühn, the Causal Agent of Rice Sheath Blight Disease. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11091282. [PMID: 36138761 PMCID: PMC9495574 DOI: 10.3390/biology11091282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Rice, together with wheat and corn, is among the most important food crops for mankind. Half of the world’s population consumes rice, mainly in Asia, southern Europe, tropical America, and parts of Africa. Rice sheath blight, caused by Rhizoctonia solani, is one of the main diseases in rice production. The control of this pathogen is difficult due to its ecological behavior, broad host range, and the high survival rate of sclerotia under various environmental conditions. In this research, after morphological and molecular identification of fungal isolates, five superior isolates, including Trichoderma virens, Trichoderma harzianum, Curvularia lunata, Aspergillus fumigatus, and Aspergillus awamori were studied in the in vitro and greenhouse trials, towards their potential to inhibit R. solani. The statistical analysis showed a significant difference between the effectiveness of fungi used in the volatile metabolites assay and in terms of height and fresh weight of plants in the greenhouse. It can be concluded that T. virens and A. fumigatus are the most effective antagonists in rice sheath blight disease control. Abstract The rice sheath blight disease, caused by Rhizoctonia solani J.G. Kühn fungus, is a major disease of Oryza sativa L. occurring all over the world. Therefore, efforts need to be undertaken to limit the spread of this pathogen, preferably by using environmentally friendly methods. In the present study, 57 fungal isolates were recovered by surface sterilization technique from 120 rice samples collected from paddy fields in Guilan province, Iran. Biological characterizations of the isolated taxa were performed in vitro, in the dual culture, volatile metabolites, and slide culture methods. Among the studied isolates, Trichoderma virens (J. H. Miller, Giddens and A. A. Foster) Arx was most effective in inhibiting the mycelial growth of R. solani in the dual culture (44.16% inhibition level), while Aspergillus fumigatus Fresen and T. virens had a 62.50–68.75% inhibition efficiency by volatile metabolites. In the slide culture, all of the isolates, except for T. harzianum Rifai, were effective in inhibiting the hyphae growth of R. solani. Under greenhouse conditions, rice plants inoculated with these potential antagonistic fungi showed a reduction in disease severity by even 41.4% as in the case of T. virens. Moreover, phenotypic properties of rice, such as plant height, fresh weight, and dry weight were increased in the plants inoculated with all antagonistic fungi tested, compared to the infected plants, except for the fresh weight of plants inoculated with Curnularia lunata (Wakker) Boedijn. The present in vivo and in vitro studies revealed that T. virens and A. fumigatus are the most effective antagonists in rice sheath blight disease control and could be applied in agricultural practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Safari Motlagh
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht 4147654919, Iran
- Correspondence: or (M.R.S.M.); (A.T.); Tel.: +48-52-374-95-64 (A.T.)
| | - Bahar Jahangiri
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Mehrgan Institute for High Education, Mahallat 3781654363, Iran
| | - Dariusz Kulus
- Laboratory of Ornamental Plants and Vegetable Crops, Faculty of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Bernardyńska 6, 85-029 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Alicja Tymoszuk
- Laboratory of Ornamental Plants and Vegetable Crops, Faculty of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Bernardyńska 6, 85-029 Bydgoszcz, Poland
- Correspondence: or (M.R.S.M.); (A.T.); Tel.: +48-52-374-95-64 (A.T.)
| | - Behzad Kaviani
- Department of Horticultural Science, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht 4147654919, Iran
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29
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Li Z, Liu T. The Highly Contiguous Genome Resource of Trichoderma semiorbis FJ059, a Biological Control Agent for Litchi Downy Blight. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2022; 112:1391-1395. [PMID: 35133852 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-09-21-0389-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhigang Li
- College of Plant Protection/Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Tong Liu
- College of Plant Protection/Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
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30
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Swain BB, Mohapatra PK, Naik SK, Mukherjee AK. Biopriming for induction of disease resistance against pathogens in rice. PLANTA 2022; 255:113. [PMID: 35503188 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-022-03900-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Rice is attacked by an armada of pathogens. Present review provides a critical evaluation of the potential of different biotic agents used to protect rice yield drop from pathogenicity and an account of unexplored areas, which might be taken into consideration to manage rice diseases. Rice (Oryza sativa L.), is the most important staple food of Asian countries. Rice production is significantly limited by a diversity of pathogens, leading to yield loss and deficit in current rice supply. Application of agrochemicals of diverse types has been considered as the only option to control pathogens and enhance rice production, thereby causing environmental concerns and making the pathogens resistant to the active ingredients. Increase in population and resistance of pathogen towards agrochemicals put pressure on the agronomists to search for safe, novel, eco-friendly alternative ways to manage rice pathogens. Inducing resistance in rice by using different biotic/abiotic agents provides an environmental friendly alternative way to effectively manage bacterial, fungal, and viral rice pathogens. In recent years, a number of protocols have been developed for inducing pathogen resistance by bio-priming of rice. However, a comprehensive evaluation of the potential of different biotic agents to protect rice crop loss from pathogens is hitherto lacking due to which the research on induction of defense against pathogens in rice is discontinuous. This review deals with the detailed analysis of the bacterial and fungal agents used to induce defense against rice pathogens, their mode of application, mechanism (physiological, biochemical, and molecular) of defense induction, and effect of defense induction on the yield of rice. It also provides an account of gaps in the research and the unexplored areas, which might be taken into consideration to effectively manage rice pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Arup Kumar Mukherjee
- Molecular Plant Pathology Laboratory, Division of Crop Protection, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, 753006, India.
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Pimentel MF, Srour AY, Warner AJ, Bond JP, Bradley CA, Rupe J, Chilvers MI, Rojas JA, Jacobs JL, Little CR, Robertson AE, Giesler LJ, Malvick D, Wise K, Tenuta A, Fakhoury AM. Ecology and diversity of culturable fungal species associated with soybean seedling diseases in the Midwestern United States. J Appl Microbiol 2022; 132:3797-3811. [PMID: 35226387 PMCID: PMC9311804 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To isolate and characterize fungi associated with diseased soybean seedlings in Midwestern soybean production fields and to determine the influence of environmental and edaphic factors on their incidence. METHODS AND RESULTS Seedlings were collected from fields with seedling disease history in 2012 and 2013 for fungal isolation. Environmental and edaphic data associated with each field was collected. 3036 fungal isolates were obtained and assigned to 76 species. The most abundant genera recovered were Fusarium (73%) and Trichoderma (11.2%). Other genera included Mortierella, Clonostachys, Rhizoctonia, Alternaria, Mucor, Phoma, Macrophomina and Phomopsis. Most recovered species are known soybean pathogens. However, non-pathogenic organisms were also isolated. Crop history, soil density, water source, precipitation and temperature were the main factors influencing the abundance of fungal species. CONCLUSION Key fungal species associated with soybean seedling diseases occurring in several US production regions were characterized. This work also identified major environment and edaphic factors affecting the abundance and occurrence of these species. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The identification and characterization of the main pathogens associated with seedling diseases across major soybean-producing areas could help manage those pathogens, and devise more effective and sustainable practices to reduce the damage they cause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirian F. Pimentel
- Department of Agricultural SciencesSouthern Illinois UniversityCarbondaleIllinoisUSA
| | - Ali Y. Srour
- USDA, ARS, New England Plant, Soil, and Water LaboratoryOronoMaineUSA
| | | | - Jason P. Bond
- Department of Agricultural SciencesSouthern Illinois UniversityCarbondaleIllinoisUSA
| | - Carl A. Bradley
- Department of Plant PathologyUniversity of Kentucky Research and Educational CenterPrincetonKentuckyUSA
| | - John Rupe
- Department of Entomology and Plant PathologyUniversity of ArkansasFayettevilleArkansasUSA
| | - Martin I. Chilvers
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial SciencesMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMichiganUSA
| | - J. Alejandro Rojas
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial SciencesMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMichiganUSA
| | - Janette L. Jacobs
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial SciencesMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMichiganUSA
| | | | - Alison E. Robertson
- Department of Plant Pathology and MicrobiologyIowa State UniversityAmesIowaUSA
| | - Loren J. Giesler
- Department of Plant PathologyUniversity of Nebraska‐LincolnLincolnNebraskaUSA
| | - Dean Malvick
- Department of Plant PathologyUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMinnesotaUSA
| | - Kiersten Wise
- Department of Botany and Plant PathologyPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIndianaUSA
| | - Albert Tenuta
- Ontario Ministry of AgricultureFood and Rural Affairs (OMAFRA)RidgetownOntarioUSA
| | - Ahmad M. Fakhoury
- Department of Agricultural SciencesSouthern Illinois UniversityCarbondaleIllinoisUSA
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Caccavo V, Forlano P, Mang SM, Fanti P, Nuzzaci M, Battaglia D, Trotta V. Effects of Trichoderma harzianum Strain T22 on the Arthropod Community Associated with Tomato Plants and on the Crop Performance in an Experimental Field. INSECTS 2022; 13:418. [PMID: 35621754 PMCID: PMC9147967 DOI: 10.3390/insects13050418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Fungi belonging to the genus Trichoderma have received much attention in recent years due to their beneficial effects on crop health and their use as pest control agents. Trichoderma activates direct plant defenses against phytophagous arthropods and reinforces indirect plant defense through the attraction of predators. Although the plant defenses against insect herbivores were demonstrated in laboratory experiments, little attention has been paid to the use of Trichoderma spp. in open field conditions. In the present study, we investigated the effects of the inoculation of the commercial Trichoderma harzianum strain T22 on the arthropod community associated with tomato plants and on the crop performance in an experimental field located in South Italy. Our results showed that inoculation with T. harzianum could alter the arthropod community and reduce the abundance of specific pests under field conditions with respect to the sampling period. The present study also confirmed the beneficial effect of T. harzianum against plant pathogens and on tomato fruit. The complex tomato-arthropod-microorganism interactions that occurred in the field are discussed to enrich our current information on the possibilities of using Trichoderma as a green alternative agent in agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittoria Caccavo
- School of Agricultural, Forestry, Food and Environmental Sciences (SAFE), University of Basilicata, Viale dell’Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy; (V.C.); (P.F.); (S.M.M.); (M.N.); (D.B.)
| | - Pierluigi Forlano
- School of Agricultural, Forestry, Food and Environmental Sciences (SAFE), University of Basilicata, Viale dell’Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy; (V.C.); (P.F.); (S.M.M.); (M.N.); (D.B.)
| | - Stefania Mirela Mang
- School of Agricultural, Forestry, Food and Environmental Sciences (SAFE), University of Basilicata, Viale dell’Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy; (V.C.); (P.F.); (S.M.M.); (M.N.); (D.B.)
| | - Paolo Fanti
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, Viale dell’Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy;
| | - Maria Nuzzaci
- School of Agricultural, Forestry, Food and Environmental Sciences (SAFE), University of Basilicata, Viale dell’Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy; (V.C.); (P.F.); (S.M.M.); (M.N.); (D.B.)
| | - Donatella Battaglia
- School of Agricultural, Forestry, Food and Environmental Sciences (SAFE), University of Basilicata, Viale dell’Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy; (V.C.); (P.F.); (S.M.M.); (M.N.); (D.B.)
| | - Vincenzo Trotta
- School of Agricultural, Forestry, Food and Environmental Sciences (SAFE), University of Basilicata, Viale dell’Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy; (V.C.); (P.F.); (S.M.M.); (M.N.); (D.B.)
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Biocontrol Activity of Trichoderma Species Isolated from Grapevines in British Columbia against Botryosphaeria Dieback Fungal Pathogens. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8040409. [PMID: 35448640 PMCID: PMC9030288 DOI: 10.3390/jof8040409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Botryosphaeria dieback (BD) is a grapevine trunk disease (GTD) causing significant yield losses and limiting the lifespan of vineyards worldwide. Fungi responsible for BD infect grapevines primarily through pruning wounds, and thus pruning wound protection, using either synthetic chemicals or biological control agents (BCAs), is the main available management strategy. However, no products to control GTDs are currently registered in Canada. With a focus on more sustainable grapevine production, there is an increasing demand for alternatives to chemical products to manage GTDs. Accordingly, the objective of this study was to identify Trichoderma species from grapevines in British Columbia (BC) and evaluate their potential biocontrol activity against BD fungi Diplodia seriata and Neofusicoccum parvum. Phylogenetic analyses identified seven species, including T. asperelloides, T. atroviride, T. harzianum, T. koningii, T. tomentosum, and two novel species, T. canadense and T. viticola. In vitro dual culture antagonistic assays showed several isolates to inhibit fungal pathogen mycelial growth by up to 75%. In planta detached cane assays under controlled greenhouse conditions identified T. asperelloides, T. atroviride and T. canadense isolates from BC as providing 70% to 100% pruning wound protection against BD fungi for up to 21 days after treatment. In addition, these isolates were shown to provide similar or better control when compared against commercial chemical and biocontrol products. This study demonstrates the potential that locally sourced Trichoderma species can have for pruning wound protection against BD fungi, and further supports the evaluation of these isolates under natural field conditions.
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Li Z, Liu T. High-Quality Genome Sequence Data of Trichoderma gracile HK011-1, a Fungal Antagonistic Agent Against Plant Pathogens. PLANT DISEASE 2022; 106:1035-1038. [PMID: 35259301 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-09-21-2006-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhigang Li
- College of Plant Protection/Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, Hainan, China
| | - Tong Liu
- College of Plant Protection/Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, Hainan, China
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Recommendations for Effective and Sustainable Regulation of Biopesticides in Nigeria. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14052846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The global trend towards increased demand for organic food, greener environments, and the integration of biological control agents into pest management strategies has greatly enhanced the need for biopesticides. Biopesticides are made from micro-organisms or other natural substances and are, hence, generally environmentally friendly. However, despite their great potential—and in part due to regulatory challenges—relatively few biopesticides have been registered and commercialised in Nigeria compared to other African countries, such as South Africa and Kenya. Biological active agents are so diverse that applying the same safety standards to all of them is almost impossible. A comparative review of risk assessment processes of Nigeria’s biopesticide regulations with other developing African countries (South Africa and Kenya) and developed regions (the European Union and the United States of America) was conducted. Prolonged field testing, lack of bridged risk assessments, and technical checklists were identified as key factors hampering the research and development of biopesticides in Nigeria. Suitable amendments to the existing regulations guiding biopesticide formulation and utilisation in Nigeria are recommended. Risk assessment matrices for microbial and biochemical pesticides and a scientific/technical checklist have also been developed. It is apparent that harmonisation and data exchange among countries in the region could enhance the advancement of scientific and technical knowledge for sustainable regulation of, and cross-border trade in, biopesticides.
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Asad SA. Mechanisms of action and biocontrol potential of Trichoderma against fungal plant diseases - A review. ECOLOGICAL COMPLEXITY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecocom.2021.100978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Di Marco S, Metruccio EG, Moretti S, Nocentini M, Carella G, Pacetti A, Battiston E, Osti F, Mugnai L. Activity of Trichoderma asperellum Strain ICC 012 and Trichoderma gamsii Strain ICC 080 Toward Diseases of Esca Complex and Associated Pathogens. Front Microbiol 2022; 12:813410. [PMID: 35154039 PMCID: PMC8831765 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.813410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Grapevine trunk diseases are widespread in all grape-growing countries. The diseases included in the Esca complex of diseases are particularly common in European vineyards. Their distinctive foliar symptoms are well known to be associated not only with losses in quantity, as with all grapevine wood diseases, but also with losses in the quality of the crop. Protection of pruning wounds is known to reduce infections in artificial inoculations and, to some extent, reduce the external leaf symptoms. The application of biological control agents in the field is typically started at the first appearance of symptoms. In this article, the two strains belonging to two different species, Trichoderma asperellum ICC 012 and T. gamsii ICC 080, which are present in a commercial formulation, were tested in vitro, in vivo in artificial inoculation, and in the field in long-term experiments where the wounds on four young asymptomatic vineyards were protected since 1 or 2 years after planting. The in vitro trials highlighted the different temperature requirements of the two strains, the direct mycoparasitizing activity of T. asperellum, and the indirect activity shown by both Trichoderma strains. The in vivo trials confirmed the ability of the two strains to reduce the colonization following artificial inoculations with the high, unnatural concentration of spores used in artificial infections, even if with variable efficacy, and with long persistence as they could be reisolated 7 months post-application. The preventive applications carried out over 9 years showed a very high reduction in symptom development in the treated vines, on annual and cumulated incidence and on the death of vines, with disease reduction varying from 66 to almost 90%. Early and annual application of protection to the pruning wounds appears to be the best method for reducing damages caused by grapevine leaf stripe disease (a disease of the Esca complex of diseases). Trichoderma appears to offer an efficient, environmentally friendly, and long-lasting protection in the presence of a natural inoculum concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Di Marco
- Institute of BioEconomy, National Research Council, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Samuele Moretti
- Plant Pathology and Entomology Section, Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Forestry Science and Technology (DAGRI), University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- *Correspondence: Samuele Moretti,
| | - Marco Nocentini
- Plant Pathology and Entomology Section, Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Forestry Science and Technology (DAGRI), University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Carella
- Plant Pathology and Entomology Section, Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Forestry Science and Technology (DAGRI), University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Andrea Pacetti
- Plant Pathology and Entomology Section, Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Forestry Science and Technology (DAGRI), University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Enrico Battiston
- Plant Pathology and Entomology Section, Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Forestry Science and Technology (DAGRI), University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Fabio Osti
- Institute of BioEconomy, National Research Council, Bologna, Italy
- Fabio Osti,
| | - Laura Mugnai
- Plant Pathology and Entomology Section, Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Forestry Science and Technology (DAGRI), University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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Screening and Identification of Trichoderma Strains isolated from Natural Habitats in China with Potential Agricultural Applications. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2021:7913950. [PMID: 34970627 PMCID: PMC8714372 DOI: 10.1155/2021/7913950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Trichoderma spp. are widely distributed in natural habitats and have been evaluated as a potential biocontrol agent (BCA) for disease control and plant growth promotion. In this study, 1308 Trichoderma strains were obtained from the plant rhizosphere soil, above-ground plants, and decaying wood from natural habitats in China. Among them, 49 Trichoderma strains showed a good inhibitory effect, especially against Botrytis cinerea, Fusarium oxysporum, and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides with inhibition rate above 85% in the dual culture test. Among these 49 strains, the 13 strains with broad-spectrum inhibitory effects also significantly promoted the seed germination of five crops (rice, cucumber, tomato, melon, and pakchoi) and root growth of four crop seedlings (watermelon, tomato, eggplant, and chili). Furthermore, these strains showed effective colonization in the rhizosphere and root of cucumber. Trichoderma strains SC012 and NX043 showed the highest chitinase and β-1,3-glucanase activity among all strains. Based on the morphological characterization and phylogenetic analysis of the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and translation elongation factor 1 (tef1), twelve Trichoderma strains were identified as Trichoderma asperellum and one as Trichoderma afroharzianum. This study suggests that the 13 Trichoderma strains are promising BCAs and could be developed as biofertilizers and biological pesticides for agricultural applications.
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Gamal M, Zaid MA, Mourad IKA, El Kareem HA, Gomaa OM. Trichoderma viride bioactive peptaibol induces apoptosis in Aspergillus niger infecting tilapia in fish farms. AQUACULTURE 2022; 547:737474. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2021.737474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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Chilakamarry CR, Mimi Sakinah AM, Zularisam AW, Sirohi R, Khilji IA, Ahmad N, Pandey A. Advances in solid-state fermentation for bioconversion of agricultural wastes to value-added products: Opportunities and challenges. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 343:126065. [PMID: 34624472 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The increase in solid waste has become a common problem and causes environmental pollution worldwide. A green approach to valorise solid waste for sustainable development is required. Agricultural residues are considered suitable for conversion into profitable products through solid-state fermentation (SSF). Agricultural wastes have high organic content that is used as potential substrates to produce value-added products through SSF. The importance of process variables used in solid-phase fermentation is described. The applications of SSF developed products in the food industry as flavouring agents, acidifiers, preservatives and flavour enhancers. SSF produces secondary metabolites and essential enzymes. Wastes from agricultural residues are used as bioremediation agents, biofuels and biocontrol agents through microbial processing. In this review paper, the value addition of agricultural wastes by SSF through green processing is discussed with the current knowledge on the scenarios, sustainability opportunities and future directions of a circular economy for solid waste utilisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaitanya Reddy Chilakamarry
- Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Gambang, Kuantan, Pahang 26300, Malaysia
| | - A M Mimi Sakinah
- Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Gambang, Kuantan, Pahang 26300, Malaysia.
| | - A W Zularisam
- Faculty of Civil Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Gambang, Kuantan, Pahang 26300, Malaysia
| | - Ranjna Sirohi
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Centre for Energy and Environmental Sustainability, Lucknow 226 029, India
| | - Irshad Ahamad Khilji
- Faculty of Manufacturing and Mechatronics Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Kuantan, Pahang 26300, Malaysia
| | - Noormazlinah Ahmad
- Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Gambang, Kuantan, Pahang 26300, Malaysia
| | - Ashok Pandey
- Centre for Energy and Environmental Sustainability, Lucknow 226 029, India; Centre for Innovation and Translational Research, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow 226 001, India
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Antagonistic activity and characterization of indigenous soil isolates of bacteria and fungi against onion wilt incited by Fusarium sp. Arch Microbiol 2021; 204:68. [PMID: 34950974 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-021-02663-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Tuber rot disease due to phytopathogen Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cepae (Foc) infection is one of the main factors causing the decreasing global onions production. This study aims to find bacteria and fungi candidates with Foc antagonistic activity through in vitro tests using dual culture techniques. A total of three bacterial isolates and three fungal isolates isolated from the rhizosphere of healthy onion plants showed the ability to inhibit Fusarium oxysporum growth. LC648364 isolate had an average inhibitory capability of 65.93%. At the same time, LC648367 and LC648368 fungal isolates can inhibit the growth of F. oxysporum by as much as 74.82% and 67.76%, respectively. Molecular analysis based on 16S rRNA markers showed three isolates belonging to the Bacillus. The LC648364 isolates are closely related to species Bacillus sp. strain LLB-17, LC648365 is closely related to B. subtilis strain S11 and LC648366 is closely related to B. cereus strain EM6. For the fungi, based on internal transcribed spacer (ITS) gene markers, there are three isolates. The LC648367 isolate is closely related to Aspergillus tubingensis, LC648368 is closely related to Trichoderma asperellum and LC648369 is closely related to Issatchenkia orientalis. This study can be used to develop indigenous microbial consortiums as biological control agents for phytopathogenic fungi Fusarium tuber rot on onion.
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Kovács C, Csótó A, Pál K, Nagy A, Fekete E, Karaffa L, Kubicek CP, Sándor E. The Biocontrol Potential of Endophytic Trichoderma Fungi Isolated from Hungarian Grapevines. Part I. Isolation, Identification and In Vitro Studies. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10121612. [PMID: 34959567 PMCID: PMC8708432 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10121612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper reports on the identification and in vitro characterization of several Trichoderma strains isolated from the Tokaj Wine Region in North-East Hungary. Ten isolates were analyzed and found to consist of six individual species—T. gamsii, T. orientale, T. simmonsii, T. afroharzianum, T. atrobrunneum and T. harzianum sensu stricto. The growth potential of the strains was assessed at a range of temperatures. We also report here on the in vitro biocontrol properties and fungicide tolerance of the most promising strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Csilla Kovács
- Research Institute Újfehértó, Agricultural Research and Educational Farm, University of Debrecen, Vadas tag 2, H-4244 Újfehértó, Hungary;
| | - András Csótó
- Institute of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Science and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, Böszörményi út 138, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (A.Cs.); (A.N.)
- Kálmán Kerpely Doctoral School, University of Debrecen, Böszörményi út 138, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Károly Pál
- Institute of Food Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Science and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, Böszörményi út 138, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
| | - Antal Nagy
- Institute of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Science and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, Böszörményi út 138, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (A.Cs.); (A.N.)
| | - Erzsébet Fekete
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (E.F.); (L.K.)
| | - Levente Karaffa
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (E.F.); (L.K.)
- Institute of Metagenomics, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Christian P. Kubicek
- Institute of Chemical, Environmental & Bioscience Engineering, TU Wien, Vienna A-1060, Austria;
| | - Erzsébet Sándor
- Institute of Food Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Science and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, Böszörményi út 138, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
- Correspondence:
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Ketta HA, Hewedy OAER. Biological control of Phaseolus vulgaris and Pisum sativum root rot disease using Trichoderma species. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL PEST CONTROL 2021; 31:96. [DOI: 10.1186/s41938-021-00441-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Root rot pathogens reported to cause considerable losses in both the quality and productivity of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and pea (Pisum sativum L.). It is an aggressive crop disease with detriment economic influence caused by Fusarium solani and Rhizoctonia solani among other soil-borne fungal pathogens. Destructive plant diseases such as root rot have been managed in the last decades using synthetic pesticides.
Main body
Seeking of economical and eco-friendly alternatives to combat aggressive soil-borne fungal pathogens that cause significant yield losses is urgently needed. Trichoderma emerged as promising antagonist that inhibits pathogens including those inducing root rot disease. Detailed studies for managing common bean and pea root rot disease using different Trichoderma species (T. harzianum, T. hamatum, T. viride, T. koningii, T. asperellum, T. atroviridae, T. lignorum, T. virens, T. longibrachiatum, T. cerinum, and T. album) were reported both in vitro and in vivo with promotion of plant growth and induction of systemic defense. The wide scale application of selected metabolites produced by Trichoderma spp. to induce host resistance and/or to promote crop yield, may represent a powerful tool for the implementation of integrated pest management strategies.
Conclusions
Biological management of common bean and pea root rot-inducing pathogens using various species of the Trichoderma fungus might have taken place during the recent years. Trichoderma species and their secondary metabolites are useful in the development of protection against root rot to bestow high-yielding common bean and pea crops.
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Rollano-Peñaloza OM, Mollinedo PA, Widell S, Rasmusson AG. Transcriptomic Analysis of Quinoa Reveals a Group of Germin-Like Proteins Induced by Trichoderma. FRONTIERS IN FUNGAL BIOLOGY 2021; 2:768648. [PMID: 37744129 PMCID: PMC10512214 DOI: 10.3389/ffunb.2021.768648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Symbiotic strains of fungi in the genus Trichoderma affect growth and pathogen resistance of many plant species, but the interaction is not known in molecular detail. Here we describe the transcriptomic response of two cultivars of the crop Chenopodium quinoa to axenic co-cultivation with Trichoderma harzianum BOL-12 and Trichoderma afroharzianum T22. The response of C. quinoa roots to BOL-12 and T22 in the early phases of interaction was studied by RNA sequencing and RT-qPCR verification. Interaction with the two fungal strains induced partially overlapping gene expression responses. Comparing the two plant genotypes, a broad spectrum of putative quinoa defense genes were found activated in the cultivar Kurmi but not in the Real cultivar. In cultivar Kurmi, relatively small effects were observed for classical pathogen response pathways but instead a C. quinoa-specific clade of germin-like genes were activated. Germin-like genes were found to be more rapidly induced in cultivar Kurmi as compared to Real. The same germin-like genes were found to also be upregulated systemically in the leaves. No strong correlation was observed between any of the known hormone-mediated defense response pathways and any of the quinoa-Trichoderma interactions. The differences in responses are relevant for the capabilities of applying Trichoderma agents for crop protection of different cultivars of C. quinoa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar M. Rollano-Peñaloza
- Instituto de Investigaciones Quimicas, Universidad Mayor de San Andrés, La Paz, Bolivia
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Patricia A. Mollinedo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Quimicas, Universidad Mayor de San Andrés, La Paz, Bolivia
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Poosapati S, Ravulapalli PD, Viswanathaswamy DK, Kannan M. Proteomics of Two Thermotolerant Isolates of Trichoderma under High-Temperature Stress. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:1002. [PMID: 34946985 PMCID: PMC8704589 DOI: 10.3390/jof7121002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Several species of the soil borne fungus of the genus Trichoderma are known to be versatile, opportunistic plant symbionts and are the most successful biocontrol agents used in today's agriculture. To be successful in field conditions, the fungus must endure varying climatic conditions. Studies have indicated that a high atmospheric temperature coupled with low humidity is a major factor in the inconsistent performance of Trichoderma under field conditions. Understanding the molecular modulations associated with Trichoderma that persist and deliver under abiotic stress conditions will aid in exploiting the value of these organisms for such uses. In this study, a comparative proteomic analysis, using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DE) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF-TOF) mass spectrometry, was used to identify proteins associated with thermotolerance in two thermotolerant isolates of Trichoderma: T. longibrachiatum 673, TaDOR673 and T. asperellum 7316, TaDOR7316; with 32 differentially expressed proteins being identified. Sequence homology and conserved domains were used to identify these proteins and to assign a probable function to them. The thermotolerant isolate, TaDOR673, seemed to employ the stress signaling MAPK pathways and heat shock response pathways to combat the stress condition, whereas the moderately tolerant isolate, TaDOR7316, seemed to adapt to high-temperature conditions by reducing the accumulation of misfolded proteins through an unfolded protein response pathway and autophagy. In addition, there were unique, as well as common, proteins that were differentially expressed in the two isolates studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sowmya Poosapati
- Department of Plant Pathology, ICAR-Indian Institute of Oilseeds Research, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad 500030, India;
- Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Prasad Durga Ravulapalli
- Department of Plant Pathology, ICAR-Indian Institute of Oilseeds Research, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad 500030, India;
| | | | - Monica Kannan
- Proteomics Facility, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500046, India;
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Kraševec N, Panevska A, Lemež Š, Razinger J, Sepčić K, Anderluh G, Podobnik M. Lipid-Binding Aegerolysin from Biocontrol Fungus Beauveria bassiana. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:820. [PMID: 34822604 PMCID: PMC8624791 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13110820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungi are the most common pathogens of insects and thus important regulators of their populations. Lipid-binding aegerolysin proteins, which are commonly found in the fungal kingdom, may be involved in several biologically relevant processes including attack and defense against other organisms. Aegerolysins act alone or together with membrane-attack-complex/perforin (MACPF)-like proteins to form transmembrane pores that lead to cell lysis. We performed an in-depth bioinformatics analysis of aegerolysins in entomopathogenic fungi and selected a candidate aegerolysin, beauveriolysin A (BlyA) from Beauveria bassiana. BlyA was expressed as a recombinant protein in Escherichia coli, and purified to further determine its functional and structural properties, including lipid-binding ability. Aegerolysins were found to be encoded in genomes of entomopathogenic fungi, such as Beauveria, Cordyceps, Metarhizium and Ophiocordyceps. Detailed bioinformatics analysis revealed that they are linked to MACPF-like genes in most genomes. We also show that BlyA interacts with an insect-specific membrane lipid. These results were placed in the context of other fungal and bacterial aegerolysins and their partner proteins. We believe that aegerolysins play a role in promoting the entomopathogenic and antagonistic activity of B. bassiana, which is an active ingredient of bioinsecticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nada Kraševec
- Department of Molecular Biology and Nanobiotechnology, National Institute of Chemistry, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (Š.L.); (G.A.); (M.P.)
| | - Anastasija Panevska
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (A.P.); (K.S.)
| | - Špela Lemež
- Department of Molecular Biology and Nanobiotechnology, National Institute of Chemistry, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (Š.L.); (G.A.); (M.P.)
- Biotechnology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jaka Razinger
- Plant Protection Department, Agricultural Institute of Slovenia, Hacquetova 17, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Kristina Sepčić
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (A.P.); (K.S.)
| | - Gregor Anderluh
- Department of Molecular Biology and Nanobiotechnology, National Institute of Chemistry, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (Š.L.); (G.A.); (M.P.)
| | - Marjetka Podobnik
- Department of Molecular Biology and Nanobiotechnology, National Institute of Chemistry, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (Š.L.); (G.A.); (M.P.)
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Hua L, Zeng H, He L, Jiang Q, Ye P, Liu Y, Sun X, Zhang M. Gliotoxin Is an Important Secondary Metabolite Involved in Suppression of Sclerotium rolfsii of Trichoderma virens T23. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2021; 111:1720-1725. [PMID: 33620234 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-09-20-0399-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Sclerotium rolfsii causes destructive soilborne disease in numerous plant species, and biological control may be a promising and sustainable approach for suppressing this widespread pathogen. In this study, the antagonistic effect against S. rolfsii of 10 Trichoderma strains was tested by the dual culture method, and a gliotoxin-producing strain, T. virens T23, was shown to be the most effective, inhibiting growth of S. rolfsii in vitro by 70.2%. To clarify the antagonistic mechanism and gliotoxin biosynthesis regulation of T23, a gliotoxin-deficient mutant was constructed via Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated gene knockout in vivo. As expected, disruption of the gene located in the putative gliotoxin biosynthesis gene cluster, gliI-T, resulted in gliotoxin deficiency and attenuation of the antagonistic effect against S. rolfsii, indicating that gliotoxin biosynthesis is regulated by gliI-T and that gliotoxin is an important antifungal metabolite of T23. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that gliotoxin treatment caused marked alterations of the hyphal cells of S. rolfsii depending on the drug concentration, whereby one of the prominent structural alterations was a reduction in the number and length of mitochondrial cristae. When S. rolfsii was exposed to 30 μg/ml of gliotoxin for 12 h, striking plasmolysis and ultrastructural changes were induced. The results demonstrated that gliotoxin is an important secondary metabolite of T. virens T23 in its antagonism against S. rolfsii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixia Hua
- Industrial Crop Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, 610300, China
- MOA Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pests on Crops in Southwest China, Chengdu, 610066, China
| | - Hualan Zeng
- Industrial Crop Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, 610300, China
- MOA Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pests on Crops in Southwest China, Chengdu, 610066, China
| | - Lian He
- Industrial Crop Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, 610300, China
- MOA Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pests on Crops in Southwest China, Chengdu, 610066, China
| | - Qiuping Jiang
- Industrial Crop Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, 610300, China
| | - Pengsheng Ye
- Industrial Crop Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, 610300, China
- MOA Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pests on Crops in Southwest China, Chengdu, 610066, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Industrial Crop Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, 610300, China
| | - Xiaofang Sun
- Industrial Crop Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, 610300, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Industrial Crop Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, 610300, China
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Sala A, Vittone S, Barrena R, Sánchez A, Artola A. Scanning agro-industrial wastes as substrates for fungal biopesticide production: Use of Beauveria bassiana and Trichoderma harzianum in solid-state fermentation. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 295:113113. [PMID: 34214791 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
As a waste valorisation option, agro-industrial residues (rice husk, apple pomace, whisky draff, soy fiber, rice fiber, wheat straw, beer draff, orange peel and potato peel) were tested as feasible substrates for fungal conidia production. Solid-state fermentation tests were conducted at laboratory scale (100 g) with Beauveria bassiana or Trichoderma harzianum which conidia are reported to have biopesticide properties. Conidia concentrations with all substrates were at least two orders of magnitude above inoculum except for both fibers, thus demonstrating the possibilities of the proposed waste recovery option. Highest productions were at least 1 × 109 conidia g-1 dry matter for Beauveria bassiana using rice husk or potato peel and higher than 5 × 109 conidia g-1 dry matter for Trichoderma harzianum using beer draff, potato peel or orange pomace. Principal component analysis has been used to understand which parameters affect the most fungal conidia production for an easier evaluation of other similar wastes, being air-filled porosity and initial pH for Beauveria bassiana and cumulative oxygen consumption, initial moisture and total sugar content for Trichoderma harzianum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnau Sala
- GICOM Research Group Department of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering Edifici Q, Carrer de Les Sitges Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona 08193 Bellatera (Cerdanyola Del Vallès), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Silvana Vittone
- GICOM Research Group Department of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering Edifici Q, Carrer de Les Sitges Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona 08193 Bellatera (Cerdanyola Del Vallès), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Raquel Barrena
- GICOM Research Group Department of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering Edifici Q, Carrer de Les Sitges Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona 08193 Bellatera (Cerdanyola Del Vallès), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Antoni Sánchez
- GICOM Research Group Department of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering Edifici Q, Carrer de Les Sitges Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona 08193 Bellatera (Cerdanyola Del Vallès), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Adriana Artola
- GICOM Research Group Department of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering Edifici Q, Carrer de Les Sitges Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona 08193 Bellatera (Cerdanyola Del Vallès), Barcelona, Spain.
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Rush TA, Shrestha HK, Gopalakrishnan Meena M, Spangler MK, Ellis JC, Labbé JL, Abraham PE. Bioprospecting Trichoderma: A Systematic Roadmap to Screen Genomes and Natural Products for Biocontrol Applications. FRONTIERS IN FUNGAL BIOLOGY 2021; 2:716511. [PMID: 37744103 PMCID: PMC10512312 DOI: 10.3389/ffunb.2021.716511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Natural products derived from microbes are crucial innovations that would help in reaching sustainability development goals worldwide while achieving bioeconomic growth. Trichoderma species are well-studied model fungal organisms used for their biocontrol properties with great potential to alleviate the use of agrochemicals in agriculture. However, identifying and characterizing effective natural products in novel species or strains as biological control products remains a meticulous process with many known challenges to be navigated. Integration of recent advancements in various "omics" technologies, next generation biodesign, machine learning, and artificial intelligence approaches could greatly advance bioprospecting goals. Herein, we propose a roadmap for assessing the potential impact of already known or newly discovered Trichoderma species for biocontrol applications. By screening publicly available Trichoderma genome sequences, we first highlight the prevalence of putative biosynthetic gene clusters and antimicrobial peptides among genomes as an initial step toward predicting which organisms could increase the diversity of natural products. Next, we discuss high-throughput methods for screening organisms to discover and characterize natural products and how these findings impact both fundamental and applied research fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomás A. Rush
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
| | - Him K. Shrestha
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
- Graduate School of Genome Science and Technology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | | | - Margaret K. Spangler
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
- Graduate School of Genome Science and Technology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - J. Christopher Ellis
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
| | - Jesse L. Labbé
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
- Graduate School of Genome Science and Technology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Paul E. Abraham
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
- Graduate School of Genome Science and Technology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, United States
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50
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Insect-fungal-interactions: A detailed review on entomopathogenic fungi pathogenicity to combat insect pests. Microb Pathog 2021; 159:105122. [PMID: 34352375 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.105122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Global food security is threatened by insect pests of economically important crops. Chemical pesticides have been used frequently for the last few decades to manage insect pests throughout the world. However, these chemicals are hazardous for human health as well as the ecosystem. In addition, several pests have evolved resistance to many chemicals. Finding environment friendly alternatives lead the researchers to introduce biocontrol agents such as entomopathogenic fungi (EPF). These fungi include various genera that can infect and kill insects efficiently. Moreover, EPFs have considerable host specificity with a mild effect on non-target organisms and can be produced in bulk quantity quickly. However, insights into the biology of EPF and mechanism of action are of prime significance for their efficient utilization as a biocontrol agent. This review focuses on EPF-mediated insect management by explaining particular EPF strains and their general mode of action. We have comprehensively discussed which criteria should be used for the selection of pertinent EPF, and which aspects can impact the EPF efficiency. Finally, we have outlined various advantages of EPF and their limitations. The article summarizes the prospects related to EPF utilization as biocontrol agents. We hope that future strategies for the management of insects will be safer for our planet.
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