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Borrego-Ruiz A, Borrego JJ. Influence of human gut microbiome on the healthy and the neurodegenerative aging. Exp Gerontol 2024; 194:112497. [PMID: 38909763 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2024.112497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
The gut microbiome plays a crucial role in host health throughout the lifespan by influencing brain function during aging. The microbial diversity of the human gut microbiome decreases during the aging process and, as a consequence, several mechanisms increase, such as oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammatory response, and microbial gut dysbiosis. Moreover, evidence indicates that aging and neurodegeneration are closely related; consequently, the gut microbiome may serve as a novel marker of lifespan in the elderly. In this narrative study, we investigated how the changes in the composition of the gut microbiome that occur in aging influence to various neuropathological disorders, such as mild cognitive impairment (MCI), dementia, Alzheimer's disease (AD), and Parkinson's disease (PD); and which are the possible mechanisms that govern the relationship between the gut microbiome and cognitive impairment. In addition, several studies suggest that the gut microbiome may be a potential novel target to improve hallmarks of brain aging and to promote healthy cognition; therefore, current and future therapeutic interventions have been also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Borrego-Ruiz
- Departamento de Psicología Social y de las Organizaciones, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan J Borrego
- Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA, Plataforma BIONAND, Málaga, Spain.
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2
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Xie C, Gao W, Liang X, Chye FY. Effects of garlic-derived fructan and oligofructose mixtures on intestinal health and constipation relief in mice. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2024; 104:7476-7487. [PMID: 38742546 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Garlic polysaccharides (GPs) constitute over 75% of the dry weight of garlic. They are characterized by fructan with a 2,1-β-d-Fruf backbone and 2,6-β-d-Fruf branches. Studies have suggested a role for GPs in regulating gut microbiota but whether they possess a comprehensive function in maintaining intestinal well-being and can serve as effective prebiotics remains unknown. To explore this, varied doses of GPs (1.25-5.0 g kg-1 body weight) and inulin (as a positive control) were administered to Kunming mice via gavage, and their effects on the intestinal epithelial, chemical, and biological barriers were assessed. A constipation model was also established using loperamide to investigate the potential effects of GPs on the relief of constipation. RESULTS Administration of GPs significantly upregulated expression of tight-junction proteins and mucins in Kunming mouse small-intestine tissue. Garlic polysaccharides elevated cecal butyric acid content, reduced the abundance of Desulfobacterota, and decreased the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes (the F/B ratio). Garlic polysaccharides also promoted the growth of Bacteroides acidifaciens and Clostridium saccharogumia. Tax4Fun functional predictions suggested the potential of GPs to prevent human diseases, reducing the risk of insulin resistance, infectious diseases, and drug resistance. Garlic polysaccharides also exhibited a beneficial effect in alleviating loperamide-induced constipation symptoms by enhancing small intestinal transit, softening stool consistency, accelerating bowel movements, and promoting the release of excitatory neurotransmitters. CONCLUSIONS These findings highlight the important role of GPs in maintaining gut fitness by enhancing intestinal barrier function and peristalsis. Garlic polysaccharides are promising prebiotics, potentially contributing to overall intestinal well-being and health. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanyuan Xie
- Food Security Research Laboratory, Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia
- School of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, China
- Key Laboratory of Natural Products and Functional Food Development in Handan City, School of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, China
| | - Wei Gao
- Key Laboratory of Comprehensive Utilization of Plant Resources in Hebei Province, Chenguang Biotech Group Co., Ltd, Handan, China
- Chenguang Biotech Group Co., Ltd, Handan, China
| | - Xingdi Liang
- Key Laboratory of Comprehensive Utilization of Plant Resources in Hebei Province, Chenguang Biotech Group Co., Ltd, Handan, China
| | - Fook Yee Chye
- Food Security Research Laboratory, Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia
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3
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Shi M, Li Z, Tang Z, Zhou H, Huang X, Wei Y, Li X, Li X, Shi H, Qin D. Exploring the pathogenesis and treatment of PSD from the perspective of gut microbiota. Brain Res Bull 2024; 215:111022. [PMID: 38936669 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2024.111022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Post-stroke depression (PSD) is a psychological disease that can occur following a stroke and is associated with serious consequences. Research on the pathogenesis and treatment of PSD is still in the infancy stage. Patients with PSD often exhibit gastrointestinal symptoms; therefore the role of gut microbiota in the pathophysiology and potential treatment effects of PSD has become a hot topic of research. In this review, describe the research on the pathogenesis and therapy of PSD. We also describe how the gut microbiota influences neurotransmitters, the endocrine system, energy metabolism, and the immune system. It was proposed that the gut microbiota is involved in the pathogenesis and treatment of PSD through the regulation of neurotransmitter levels, vagal signaling, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activation and inhibition, hormone secretion and release, in addition to immunity and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingqin Shi
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming Yunnan, China.
| | - Zhenmin Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming Yunnan, China.
| | - Zhengxiu Tang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming Yunnan, China.
| | - Haimei Zhou
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming Yunnan, China.
| | - Xiaoyi Huang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming Yunnan, China.
| | - Yuanyuan Wei
- First Clinical Medical College, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming Yunnan, China.
| | - Xinyao Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming Yunnan, China.
| | - Xiahuang Li
- The People's Hospital of Mengzi, The Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Mengzi Honghe, China.
| | - Hongling Shi
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming Yunnan, China.
| | - Dongdong Qin
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming Yunnan, China.
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4
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Cocean AM, Vodnar DC. Exploring the gut-brain Axis: Potential therapeutic impact of Psychobiotics on mental health. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2024; 134:111073. [PMID: 38914414 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2024.111073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
One of the most challenging and controversial issues in microbiome research is related to gut microbial metabolism and neuropsychological disorders. Psychobiotics affect human behavior and central nervous system processes via the gut-brain axis, involving neuronal, immune, and metabolic pathways. They have therapeutic potential in the treatment of several neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental disorders such as depression, anxiety, autism, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, schizophrenia, Huntington's disease, anorexia nervosa, and multiple sclerosis. However, the mechanisms underlying the interaction between psychobiotics and the abovementioned diseases need further exploration. This review focuses on the relationship between gut microbiota and its impact on neurological and neurodegenerative disorders, examining the potential of psychobiotics as a preventive and therapeutic approach, summarising recent research on the gut-brain axis and the potential beneficial effects of psychobiotics, highlighting the need for further research and investigation in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana-Maria Cocean
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Life Science Institute, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Calea Mănăștur 3-5, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Dan Cristian Vodnar
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Life Science Institute, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Calea Mănăștur 3-5, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
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5
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Ye L, Chen H, Wang J, Tsim KWK, Wang Y, Shen X, Lei H, Liu Y. Aflatoxin B 1-induced liver pyroptosis is mediated by disturbing the gut microbial metabolites: The roles of pipecolic acid and norepinephrine. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 474:134822. [PMID: 38850943 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
The disturbed gut microbiota is a key factor in activating the aflatoxin B1 (AFB1)-induced liver pyroptosis by promoting inflammatory hepatic injury; however, the pathogen associated molecular pattern (PAMP) from disturbed gut microbiota and its mechanism in activating liver pyroptosis remain undefined. By transplanting AFB1-originated fecal microbiota and sterile fecal microbial metabolites filtrate, we determined the association of PAMP in AFB1-induced liver pyroptosis. Notably, AFB1-originated sterile fecal microbial metabolites filtrate were more active in triggering liver pyroptosis in mice, as compared to parental fecal microbiota. This result supported a critical role of the metabolic homeostasis of gut microbiota in AFB1-induced liver pyroptosis, rather than an injurious response to direct exposure of AFB1 in liver. Among the gut-microbial metabolites, pipecolic acid and norepinephrine were proposed to bind TLR4 and NLRP3, the upstream proteins of pyroptosis signaling pathway. Besides, the activations of TLR4 and NLRP3 were linearly correlated with the concentrations of pipecolic acid and norepinephrine in the serum of mice. In silenced expression of TLR4 and NLRP3 in HepG2 cells, pipecolic acid or norepinephrine did not able to activate hepatocyte pyroptosis. These results demonstrated the necessity of gut microbial metabolism in sustaining liver homeostasis, as well as the potential to provide new insights into targeted intervention for AFB1 hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Ye
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety / National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Machining and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, South China Agricultural University, 510642 Guangzhou, China; Research and Development Center, Guangdong Marubi Biotechnology Co., Ltd., 510700 Guangzhou, China
| | - Huodai Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety / National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Machining and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, South China Agricultural University, 510642 Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety / National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Machining and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, South China Agricultural University, 510642 Guangzhou, China
| | - Karl Wah Keung Tsim
- Division of Life Science, Center for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yurun Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety / National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Machining and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, South China Agricultural University, 510642 Guangzhou, China
| | - Xing Shen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety / National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Machining and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, South China Agricultural University, 510642 Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongtao Lei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety / National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Machining and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, South China Agricultural University, 510642 Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, 510642 Guangzhou, China; Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, 517000 Heyuan, China.
| | - Yunle Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety / National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Machining and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, South China Agricultural University, 510642 Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, 510642 Guangzhou, China; Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, 517000 Heyuan, China.
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6
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Smith ML, Wade JB, Wolstenholme J, Bajaj JS. Gut microbiome-brain-cirrhosis axis. Hepatology 2024; 80:465-485. [PMID: 36866864 PMCID: PMC10480351 DOI: 10.1097/hep.0000000000000344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
Cirrhosis is characterized by inflammation, degeneration, and fibrosis of liver tissue. Along with being the most common cause of liver failure and liver transplant, cirrhosis is a significant risk factor for several neuropsychiatric conditions. The most common of these is HE, which is characterized by cognitive and ataxic symptoms, resulting from the buildup of metabolic toxins with liver failure. However, cirrhosis patients also show a significantly increased risk for neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer and Parkinson diseases, and for mood disorders such as anxiety and depression. In recent years, more attention has been played to communication between the ways the gut and liver communicate with each other and with the central nervous system, and the way these organs influence each other's function. This bidirectional communication has come to be known as the gut-liver-brain axis. The gut microbiome has emerged as a key mechanism affecting gut-liver, gut-brain, and brain-liver communication. Clinical studies and animal models have demonstrated the significant patterns of gut dysbiosis when cirrhosis is present, both with or without concomitant alcohol use disorder, and have provided compelling evidence that this dysbiosis also influences the cognitive and mood-related behaviors. In this review, we have summarized the pathophysiological and cognitive effects associated with cirrhosis, links to cirrhosis-associated disruption of the gut microbiome, and the current evidence from clinical and preclinical studies for the modulation of the gut microbiome as a treatment for cirrhosis and associated neuropsychiatric conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maren L Smith
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
- Alcohol Research Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - James B Wade
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Jennifer Wolstenholme
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
- Alcohol Research Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Jasmohan S Bajaj
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Virginia Commonwealth University and Central Virginia Veterans Healthcare System, Richmond, Virginia, USA
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7
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Salmerón AM, Pérez-Fernández C, Abreu AC, Fernández S, Tristán AI, Ruiz-Sobremazas D, Cabré M, Guardia-Escote L, Fernández I, Sánchez-Santed F. Exploring microbiota-gut-brain axis biomarkers linked to autism spectrum disorder in prenatally chlorpyrifos-exposed Fmr1 knock-out and wild-type male rats. Toxicology 2024; 506:153871. [PMID: 38925359 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2024.153871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Fmr1 (fragile X messenger ribonucleoprotein 1)-knockout (KO) rats, modeling the human Fragile X Syndrome (FXS), are of particular interest for exploring the ASD-like phenotype in preclinical studies. Gestational exposure to chlorpyrifos (CPF) has been associated with ASD diagnosis in humans and ASD-like behaviors in rodents and linked to the microbiota-gut-brain axis. In this study, we have used both Fmr1-KO and wild-type male rats (F2 generation) at postnatal days (PND) 7 and 40 obtained after F1 pregnant females were randomly exposed to 1 mg/kg/mL/day of CPF or vehicle. A nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) metabolomics approach together with gene expression profiles of these F2 generation rats were employed to analyze different brain regions (such as prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, and cerebellum), whole large intestine (at PND7) and gut content (PND40). The statistical comparison of each matrix spectral profile unveiled tissue-specific metabolic fingerprints. Significant variations in some biomarker levels were detected among brain tissues of different genotypes, including taurine, myo-inositol, and 3-hydroxybutyric acid, and exposure to CPF induced distinct metabolic alterations, particularly in serine and myo-inositol. Additionally, this study provides a set of metabolites associated with gastrointestinal dysfunction in ASD, encompassing several amino acids, choline-derived compounds, bile acids, and sterol molecules. In terms of gene expression, genotype and gestational exposure to CPF had only minimal effects on decarboxylase 2 (gad2) and cholinergic receptor muscarinic 2 (chrm2) genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M Salmerón
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Research Centre CIAIMBITAL, University of Almería, Almería, Spain
| | - Cristian Pérez-Fernández
- Department of Psychology and Health Research Centre, Research Centre for Social Welfare and Inclusion (CIBIS), University of Almería, Ctra. Sacramento s/n, Almería 04120, Spain
| | - Ana C Abreu
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Research Centre CIAIMBITAL, University of Almería, Almería, Spain.
| | - Silvia Fernández
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Research Centre CIAIMBITAL, University of Almería, Almería, Spain
| | - Ana I Tristán
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Research Centre CIAIMBITAL, University of Almería, Almería, Spain
| | - Diego Ruiz-Sobremazas
- Department of Psychology and Health Research Centre, Research Centre for Social Welfare and Inclusion (CIBIS), University of Almería, Ctra. Sacramento s/n, Almería 04120, Spain
| | - María Cabré
- Research Group in Neurobehavior and Health (NEUROLAB) and Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Laia Guardia-Escote
- Research Group in Neurobehavior and Health (NEUROLAB) and Department of Psychology and Research Center for Behavior Assessment (CRAMC), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Ignacio Fernández
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Research Centre CIAIMBITAL, University of Almería, Almería, Spain.
| | - Fernando Sánchez-Santed
- Department of Psychology and Health Research Centre, Research Centre for Social Welfare and Inclusion (CIBIS), University of Almería, Ctra. Sacramento s/n, Almería 04120, Spain.
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8
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Carmody RN, Varady K, Turnbaugh PJ. Digesting the complex metabolic effects of diet on the host and microbiome. Cell 2024; 187:3857-3876. [PMID: 39059362 PMCID: PMC11309583 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2024.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
The past 50 years of interdisciplinary research in humans and model organisms has delivered unprecedented insights into the mechanisms through which diet affects energy balance. However, translating these results to prevent and treat obesity and its associated diseases remains challenging. Given the vast scope of this literature, we focus this Review on recent conceptual advances in molecular nutrition targeting the management of energy balance, including emerging dietary and pharmaceutical interventions and their interactions with the human gut microbiome. Notably, multiple current dietary patterns of interest embrace moderate-to-high fat intake or prioritize the timing of eating over macronutrient intake. Furthermore, the rapid expansion of microbiome research findings has complicated multiple longstanding tenets of nutrition while also providing new opportunities for intervention. Continued progress promises more precise and reliable dietary recommendations that leverage our growing knowledge of the microbiome, the changing landscape of clinical interventions, and our molecular understanding of human biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel N Carmody
- Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Krista Varady
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Peter J Turnbaugh
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Chan Zuckerberg Biohub-San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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9
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Dave BP, Chorawala MR, Shah IV, Shah NN, Bhagat SU, Prajapati BG, Thakkar PC. From diabetes to diverse domains: the multifaceted roles of GLP-1 receptor agonists. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:835. [PMID: 39042283 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09793-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) emerged as a primary treatment for type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), however, their multifaceted effects on various target organs beyond glycemic control opened a new era of treatment. We conducted a comprehensive literature search using databases including Scopus, Google Scholar, PubMed, and the Cochrane Library to identify clinical, in-vivo, and in-vitro studies focusing on the diverse effects of GLP-1 receptor agonists. Eligible studies were selected based on their relevance to the varied roles of GLP-1RAs in T2DM management and their impact on other physiological functions. Numerous studies have reported the efficacy of GLP-1RAs in improving outcomes in T2DM, with demonstrated benefits including glucose-dependent insulinotropic actions, modulation of insulin signaling pathways, and reductions in glycemic excursions. Additionally, GLP-1 receptors are expressed in various tissues and organs, suggesting their widespread physiological functions beyond glycemic control potentially include neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, cardioprotective, and metabolic benefits. However, further scientific studies are still underway to maximize the benefits of GLP-1RAs and to discover additional roles in improving health benefits. This article sought to review not only the actions of GLP1RAs in the treatment of T2DM but also explore its effects on potential targets in other disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavarth P Dave
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy Practice, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Opp. Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 380009, India
| | - Mehul R Chorawala
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy Practice, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Opp. Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 380009, India
| | - Ishika V Shah
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy Practice, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Opp. Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 380009, India
| | - Nidhi N Shah
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy Practice, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Opp. Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 380009, India
| | - Shivam U Bhagat
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy Practice, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Opp. Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 380009, India
| | - Bhupendra G Prajapati
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Shree S. K. Patel College of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Ganpat University, Mehsana, Gujarat, India.
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom, 73000, Thailand.
| | - Pratik C Thakkar
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical & Health Sciences, Manaaki Mānawa - The Centre for Heart Research, University of Auckland, 85 Park Road, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand.
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10
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Hasaniani N, Mostafa Rahimi S, Akbari M, Sadati F, Pournajaf A, Rostami-Mansoor S. The Role of Intestinal Microbiota and Probiotics Supplementation in Multiple Sclerosis Management. Neuroscience 2024; 551:31-42. [PMID: 38777135 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2024.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neurological autoimmune disorder predominantly afflicting young adults. The etiology of MS is intricate, involving a variety of environmental and genetic factors. Current research increasingly focuses on the substantial contribution of gut microbiota in MS pathogenesis. The commensal microbiota resident within the intestinal milieu assumes a central role within the intricate network recognized as the gut-brain axis (GBA), wielding beneficial impact in neurological and psychological facets. As a result, the modulation of gut microbiota is considered a pivotal aspect in the management of neural disorders, including MS. Recent investigations have unveiled the possibility of using probiotic supplements as a promising strategy for exerting a positive impact on the course of MS. This therapeutic approach operates through several mechanisms, including the reinforcement of gut epithelial integrity, augmentation of the host's resistance against pathogenic microorganisms, and facilitation of mucosal immunomodulatory processes. The present study comprehensively explains the gut microbiome's profound influence on the central nervous system (CNS). It underscores the pivotal role played by probiotics in forming the immune system and modulating neurotransmitter function. Furthermore, the investigation elucidates various instances of probiotic utilization in MS patients, shedding light on the potential therapeutic advantages afforded by this intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nima Hasaniani
- Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran; Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Seyed Mostafa Rahimi
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Marziyeh Akbari
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Science, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Fahimeh Sadati
- Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Abazar Pournajaf
- Biomedical and Microbial Advanced Technologies (BMAT) Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Sahar Rostami-Mansoor
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.
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11
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Traini C, Bulli I, Sarti G, Morecchiato F, Coppi M, Rossolini GM, Di Pilato V, Vannucchi MG. Amelioration of Serum Aβ Levels and Cognitive Impairment in APPPS1 Transgenic Mice Following Symbiotic Administration. Nutrients 2024; 16:2381. [PMID: 39125262 PMCID: PMC11313784 DOI: 10.3390/nu16152381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative process responsible for almost 70% of all cases of dementia. The clinical signs consist in progressive and irreversible loss of memory, cognitive, and behavioral functions. The main histopathological hallmark is the accumulation of amyloid-ß (Aß) peptide fibrils in the brain. To date, the origin of Aß has not been determined. Recent studies have shown that the gut microbiota produces Aß, and dysbiotic states have been identified in AD patients and animal models of AD. Starting from the hypothesis that maintaining or restoring the microbiota's eubiosis is essential to control Aß's production and deposition in the brain, we used a mixture of probiotics and prebiotics (symbiotic) to treat APPPS1 male and female mice, an animal model of AD, from 2 to 8 months of age and evaluated their cognitive performances, mucus secretion, Aβ serum concentration, and microbiota composition. The results showed that the treatment was able to prevent the memory deficits, the reduced mucus secretion, the increased Aβ blood levels, and the imbalance in the gut microbiota found in APPPS1 mice. The present study demonstrates that the gut-brain axis plays a critical role in the genesis of cognitive impairment, and that modulation of the gut microbiota can ameliorate AD's symptomatology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Traini
- Histology and Embryology Research Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy; (C.T.); (I.B.); (G.S.)
| | - Irene Bulli
- Histology and Embryology Research Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy; (C.T.); (I.B.); (G.S.)
| | - Giorgia Sarti
- Histology and Embryology Research Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy; (C.T.); (I.B.); (G.S.)
| | - Fabio Morecchiato
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, Deparment of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy; (F.M.); (M.C.); (G.M.R.)
| | - Marco Coppi
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, Deparment of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy; (F.M.); (M.C.); (G.M.R.)
| | - Gian Maria Rossolini
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, Deparment of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy; (F.M.); (M.C.); (G.M.R.)
| | - Vincenzo Di Pilato
- UO Microbiologia, IRCC Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Deaprtment of Surgical Science and Integrated Diagnostics (DISC), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy;
| | - Maria Giuliana Vannucchi
- Histology and Embryology Research Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy; (C.T.); (I.B.); (G.S.)
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12
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Coluzzi F, Scerpa MS, Loffredo C, Borro M, Pergolizzi JV, LeQuang JA, Alessandri E, Simmaco M, Rocco M. Opioid Use and Gut Dysbiosis in Cancer Pain Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7999. [PMID: 39063241 PMCID: PMC11276997 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25147999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Opioids are commonly used for the management of severe chronic cancer pain. Their well-known pharmacological effects on the gastrointestinal system, particularly opioid-induced constipation (OIC), are the most common limiting factors in the optimization of analgesia, and have led to the wide use of laxatives and/or peripherally acting mu-opioid receptor antagonists (PAMORAs). A growing interest has been recently recorded in the possible effects of opioid treatment on the gut microbiota. Preclinical and clinical data, as presented in this review, showed that alterations of the gut microbiota play a role in modulating opioid-mediated analgesia and tolerability, including constipation. Moreover, due to the bidirectional crosstalk between gut bacteria and the central nervous system, gut dysbiosis may be crucial in modulating opioid reward and addictive behavior. The microbiota may also modulate pain regulation and tolerance, by activating microglial cells and inducing the release of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, which sustain neuroinflammation. In the subset of cancer patients, the clinical meaning of opioid-induced gut dysbiosis, particularly its possible interference with the efficacy of chemotherapy and immunotherapy, is still unclear. Gut dysbiosis could be a new target for treatment in cancer patients. Restoring the physiological amount of specific gut bacteria may represent a promising therapeutic option for managing gastrointestinal symptoms and optimizing analgesia for cancer patients using opioids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flaminia Coluzzi
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00189 Rome, Italy
- Unit of Anaesthesia, Intensive Care, and Pain Medicine, Sant’Andrea University Hospital, 00189 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Sole Scerpa
- Unit of Anaesthesia, Intensive Care, and Pain Medicine, Sant’Andrea University Hospital, 00189 Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Loffredo
- Unit of Anaesthesia, Intensive Care, and Pain Medicine, Sant’Andrea University Hospital, 00189 Rome, Italy
| | - Marina Borro
- Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health and Sense Organs NESMOS, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Elisa Alessandri
- Unit of Anaesthesia, Intensive Care, and Pain Medicine, Sant’Andrea University Hospital, 00189 Rome, Italy
| | - Maurizio Simmaco
- Unit of Anaesthesia, Intensive Care, and Pain Medicine, Sant’Andrea University Hospital, 00189 Rome, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health and Sense Organs NESMOS, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Monica Rocco
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00189 Rome, Italy
- Unit of Anaesthesia, Intensive Care, and Pain Medicine, Sant’Andrea University Hospital, 00189 Rome, Italy
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13
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Fan KD, Ogunrinde E, Wan Z, Li C, Jiang W. Racial Disparities in Plasma Cytokine and Microbiome Profiles. Microorganisms 2024; 12:1453. [PMID: 39065221 PMCID: PMC11279229 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12071453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many health issues prevalent in African American (AA) populations are associated with chronic inflammation and related health conditions, including autoimmune diseases, infectious diseases, neurologic disorders, metabolic syndromes, and others. The current study aims to understand plasma microbiome translocation as a potential trigger for chronic inflammation. METHODS In this study, 16 Caucasian American (CA) and 22 African American (AA) healthy individuals were recruited. Microbial DNA was isolated from the plasma samples and sequenced via microbial 16S rRNA V3-4 sequencing. The plasma levels of 33 cytokines and chemokines were evaluated. The proinflammatory microbiomes were verified using human THP-1 cells in vitro. RESULTS The plasma levels of IL-6, IL-15, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, and MIP-3α were higher in the AA people, whereas IL-1α and IL-27 were elevated in the CA people. The plasma microbiomes exhibited eight bacterial genera/phyla differentially enriched in the CA and AA people. Given the critical role of IL-6 in chronic inflammation and associated diseases, we identified five bacteria genera significantly associated with IL-6. The abundance of Actinomyces was positively correlated with the plasma IL-6 level (r = 0.41, p = 0.01), while the abundance of Kurthia (r = -0.34, p = 0.04), Noviherbaspirillum (r = -0.34, p = 0.04), Candidatus Protochlamydia (r = -0.36, p = 0.03), and Reyranella (r = -0.39, p = 0.02) was negatively correlated with this. Finally, the THP-1 cells treated with heat-killed bacteria produced higher levels of IL-6 in vitro in response to the Actinomyces species compared to the species in the genus either uncorrelated or negatively correlated with IL-6. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to report potential blood microbiome translocation as a driver for persistently elevated IL-6 levels in the periphery in healthy AA versus CA people. Understanding the plasma microbiome linked to the IL-6 levels in people with different racial backgrounds is essential to unraveling the therapeutic approaches to improve precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin D. Fan
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Ave. Basic Science Building BS208F, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; (K.D.F.); (Z.W.)
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | | | - Zhuang Wan
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Ave. Basic Science Building BS208F, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; (K.D.F.); (Z.W.)
| | - Chao Li
- Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Tulsa, OK 74106, USA;
| | - Wei Jiang
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Ave. Basic Science Building BS208F, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; (K.D.F.); (Z.W.)
- Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, SC 29401, USA
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14
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Ashique S, Mohanto S, Ahmed MG, Mishra N, Garg A, Chellappan DK, Omara T, Iqbal S, Kahwa I. Gut-brain axis: A cutting-edge approach to target neurological disorders and potential synbiotic application. Heliyon 2024; 10:e34092. [PMID: 39071627 PMCID: PMC11279763 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e34092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
The microbiota-gut-brain axis (MGBA) represents a sophisticated communication network between the brain and the gut, involving immunological, endocrinological, and neural mediators. This bidirectional interaction is facilitated through the vagus nerve, sympathetic and parasympathetic fibers, and is regulated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Evidence shows that alterations in gut microbiota composition, or dysbiosis, significantly impact neurological disorders (NDs) like anxiety, depression, autism, Parkinson's disease (PD), and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Dysbiosis can affect the central nervous system (CNS) via neuroinflammation and microglial activation, highlighting the importance of the microbiota-gut-brain axis (MGBA) in disease pathogenesis. The microbiota influences the immune system by modulating chemokines and cytokines, impacting neuronal health. Synbiotics have shown promise in treating NDs by enhancing cognitive function and reducing inflammation. The gut microbiota's role in producing neurotransmitters and neuroactive compounds, such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), is critical for CNS homeostasis. Therapeutic interventions targeting the MGBA, including dietary modulation and synbiotic supplementation, offer potential benefits for managing neurodegenerative disorders. However, more in-depth clinical studies are necessary to fully understand and harness the therapeutic potential of the MGBA in neurological health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumel Ashique
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bengal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Research, Durgapur, 713212, West Bengal, India
| | - Sourav Mohanto
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Yenepoya Pharmacy College & Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to Be University), Mangalore, Karnataka, 575018, India
| | - Mohammed Gulzar Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Yenepoya Pharmacy College & Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to Be University), Mangalore, Karnataka, 575018, India
| | - Neeraj Mishra
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University Madhya Pradesh (AUMP), Gwalior, MP, 474005, India
| | - Ashish Garg
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Guru Ramdas Khalsa Institute of Science and Technology (Pharmacy), Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar Chellappan
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Timothy Omara
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Shabnoor Iqbal
- African Medicines Innovations and Technologies Development, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa
| | - Ivan Kahwa
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Uganda
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15
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Kiełbik P, Witkowska-Piłaszewicz O. The Relationship between Canine Behavioral Disorders and Gut Microbiome and Future Therapeutic Perspectives. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:2048. [PMID: 39061510 PMCID: PMC11273744 DOI: 10.3390/ani14142048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Canine behavioral disorders have become one of the most common concerns and challenging issues among dog owners. Thus, there is a great demand for knowledge about various factors affecting dogs' emotions and well-being. Among them, the gut-brain axis seems to be particularly interesting, especially since in many instances the standard treatment or behavioral therapies insufficiently improve animal behavior. Therefore, to face this challenge, the search for novel therapeutic methods is highly required. Existing data show that mammals' gut microbiome, immune system, and nervous system are in continuous communication and influence animal physiology and behavior. This review aimed to summarize and discuss the most important scientific evidence on the relationship between mental disorders and gut microbiota in dogs, simultaneously presenting comparable outcomes in humans and rodent models. A comprehensive overview of crucial mechanisms of the gut-brain axis is included. This refers especially to the neurotransmitters crucial for animal behavior, which are regulated by the gut microbiome, and to the main microbial metabolites-short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). This review presents summarized data on gut dysbiosis in relation to the inflammation process within the organism, as well as the activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. All of the above mechanisms are presented in this review in strict correlation with brain and/or behavioral changes in the animal. Additionally, according to human and laboratory animal studies, the gut microbiome appears to be altered in individuals with mental disorders; thus, various strategies to manipulate the gut microbiota are implemented. This refers also to the fecal microbiome transplantation (FMT) method, based on transferring the fecal matter from a donor into the gastrointestinal tract of a recipient in order to modulate the gut microbiota. In this review, the possible effects of the FMT procedure on animal behavioral disorders are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Kiełbik
- Department of Large Animal Diseases and Clinic, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland
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16
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Jakobi B, Cimetti C, Mulder D, Vlaming P, Franke B, Hoogman M, Arias-Vasquez A. The Role of Diet and the Gut Microbiota in Reactive Aggression and Adult ADHD-An Exploratory Analysis. Nutrients 2024; 16:2174. [PMID: 39064617 PMCID: PMC11279949 DOI: 10.3390/nu16142174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental condition, of-ten persistent into adulthood and accompanied by reactive aggression. Associations of diet and the gut-microbiome with ADHD as well as emotional behaviors suggest potential clinical rele-vance of both. However, studies on diet and the gut-microbiome in human reactive aggression are lacking, and should investigate the interaction between diet and the gut-microbiome leading to behavioral changes to assess their potential clinical relevance. In this study, we investigated the interaction of diet and gut-microbiota with adult ADHD and reactive aggression in 77 adults with ADHD and 76 neurotypical individuals. We studied the relationships of ADHD and reactive ag-gression with dietary patterns, bacterial community and taxonomic differences of 16S-sequenced fecal microbiome samples, and potential mediating effects of bacterial genus abundance on signifi-cant diet-behavior associations. The key findings include: (1) An association of high-energy intake with reactive aggeression scores (pFDR = 4.01 × 10-02); (2) Significant associations of several genera with either reactive aggression or ADHD diagnosis with no overlap; and (3) No significant mediation effects of the selected genera on the association of reactive aggression with the high-energy diet. Our results suggest that diet and the microbiome are linked to reactive aggression and/or ADHD individually, and highlight the need to further study the way diet and the gut-microbiome inter-act.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babette Jakobi
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (B.J.); (C.C.); (D.M.); (P.V.); (B.F.); (M.H.)
- Department of Psychiatry, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Chiara Cimetti
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (B.J.); (C.C.); (D.M.); (P.V.); (B.F.); (M.H.)
| | - Danique Mulder
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (B.J.); (C.C.); (D.M.); (P.V.); (B.F.); (M.H.)
- Department of Psychiatry, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Priscilla Vlaming
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (B.J.); (C.C.); (D.M.); (P.V.); (B.F.); (M.H.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Barbara Franke
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (B.J.); (C.C.); (D.M.); (P.V.); (B.F.); (M.H.)
- Department of Psychiatry, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Martine Hoogman
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (B.J.); (C.C.); (D.M.); (P.V.); (B.F.); (M.H.)
- Department of Psychiatry, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Alejandro Arias-Vasquez
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (B.J.); (C.C.); (D.M.); (P.V.); (B.F.); (M.H.)
- Department of Psychiatry, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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17
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Deng D, Hu S, Lin Z, Geng J, Qian Z, Zhang K, Ning X, Cheng Y, Zhang C, Yin S. High temperature aggravated hypoxia-induced intestine toxicity on juvenile Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis). COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. PART D, GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2024; 52:101288. [PMID: 39002349 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2024.101288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2024] [Revised: 06/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
High temperature and hypoxia in water due to global warming threaten the growth and development of aquatic animals. In natural or cultured environments, stress usually does not occur independently, whereas the synergistic effect of high temperature and hypoxia on Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis) are rarely reported. In this study, 450 juvenile crabs were equally divided into control group (24 °C ± 0.5 °C, DO 6.8 ± 0.1 mg/L), hypoxia stress group (24 °C ± 0.5 °C, DO 1 ± 0.1 mg/L) and combined stress group (30 °C ± 0.5 °C, DO 1 ± 0.1 mg/L), and the intestinal health status, microbial diversity and metabolite profiles were evaluated for 24 h treatment. The results showed that hypoxia stress induced the expression level of pro-inflammatory related genes were significantly up-regulated in intestine of juvenile E. sinensis, and intestinal peritrophic membrane factor related genes were significantly down-regulated. High temperature further amplified the effects of hypoxia on pro-inflammatory and peritrophic membrane factor-related genes. Interesting, hypoxia stress induced a significant up-regulated of intestinal antioxidant-related genes, whereas high temperature reversed this trend. In addition, single stress or/and combined stress led to changes in intestinal microbiota diversity and abundance, and intestinal metabolite profiles. Compared with hypoxia stress, the synergistic effect of high temperature and hypoxia led to an increase in the abundance of pathogenic bacteria and a decrease in the abundance of probiotic bacteria. Moreover, intestinal metabolic pathways were significantly changed, especially amino acid metabolism and glycerophospholipid metabolism. Therefore, the results indicated that hypoxia stress could induce intestinal inflammatory response and oxidative stress, and lead to abnormal changes in intestinal microbiota and metabolic profiles, whereas high temperature further aggravate the toxic effects of hypoxia on the intestine. This study preliminarily revealed the synergistic toxic effects of high temperature and hypoxia on the intestine of juvenile E. sinensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dunqian Deng
- College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animals Breeding and Green Efficient Aquacultural Technology, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Shengyu Hu
- College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animals Breeding and Green Efficient Aquacultural Technology, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ziqi Lin
- College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animals Breeding and Green Efficient Aquacultural Technology, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jiayin Geng
- College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animals Breeding and Green Efficient Aquacultural Technology, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ziang Qian
- College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animals Breeding and Green Efficient Aquacultural Technology, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animals Breeding and Green Efficient Aquacultural Technology, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xianhui Ning
- College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animals Breeding and Green Efficient Aquacultural Technology, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yongxu Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming Ecosystem, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Cong Zhang
- College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animals Breeding and Green Efficient Aquacultural Technology, Nanjing 210023, China; Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming Ecosystem, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
| | - Shaowu Yin
- College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animals Breeding and Green Efficient Aquacultural Technology, Nanjing 210023, China.
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18
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Tizabi Y, Bennani S, El Kouhen N, Getachew B, Aschner M. Heavy Metal Interactions with Neuroglia and Gut Microbiota: Implications for Huntington's Disease. Cells 2024; 13:1144. [PMID: 38994995 PMCID: PMC11240758 DOI: 10.3390/cells13131144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is a rare but progressive and devastating neurodegenerative disease characterized by involuntary movements, cognitive decline, executive dysfunction, and neuropsychiatric conditions such as anxiety and depression. It follows an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern. Thus, a child who has a parent with the mutated huntingtin (mHTT) gene has a 50% chance of developing the disease. Since the HTT protein is involved in many critical cellular processes, including neurogenesis, brain development, energy metabolism, transcriptional regulation, synaptic activity, vesicle trafficking, cell signaling, and autophagy, its aberrant aggregates lead to the disruption of numerous cellular pathways and neurodegeneration. Essential heavy metals are vital at low concentrations; however, at higher concentrations, they can exacerbate HD by disrupting glial-neuronal communication and/or causing dysbiosis (disturbance in the gut microbiota, GM), both of which can lead to neuroinflammation and further neurodegeneration. Here, we discuss in detail the interactions of iron, manganese, and copper with glial-neuron communication and GM and indicate how this knowledge may pave the way for the development of a new generation of disease-modifying therapies in HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousef Tizabi
- Department of Pharmacology, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC 20059, USA
| | - Samia Bennani
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Casablanca, Hassan II University, Casablanca 20670, Morocco
| | - Nacer El Kouhen
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Casablanca, Hassan II University, Casablanca 20670, Morocco
| | - Bruk Getachew
- Department of Pharmacology, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC 20059, USA
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
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19
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Zimmermann-Rösner A, Prehn-Kristensen A. The Microbiome in Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR KINDER- UND JUGENDPSYCHIATRIE UND PSYCHOTHERAPIE 2024; 52:213-226. [PMID: 38240707 DOI: 10.1024/1422-4917/a000965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Recent research has increasingly emphasized the function of the microbiome in human health. The gut microbiome is essential for digesting food and seems to play a vital role in mental health as well. This review briefly overviews the gut microbiome and its interplay with the central nervous system. We then summarize some of the latest findings on the possible role of the microbiome in psychiatric disorders in children and adolescents. In particular, we focus on autism spectrum disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, anorexia nervosa, bipolar disorder, and major depressive disorder. Although the role of microbiota in mental development and health still needs to be researched intensively, it has become increasingly apparent that the impact of microbiota must be considered to better understand psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexander Prehn-Kristensen
- Institute for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Center of Integrative Psychiatry GmbH, Kiel, Germany
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Human Sciences, MSH Medical School Hamburg - University of Applied Sciences and Medical University, Hamburg, Germany
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20
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Theleritis C, Stefanou MI, Demetriou M, Alevyzakis E, Triantafyllou K, Smyrnis N, Spandidos DA, Rizos E. Association of gut dysbiosis with first‑episode psychosis (Review). Mol Med Rep 2024; 30:130. [PMID: 38785152 PMCID: PMC11148526 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2024.13254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The gut‑microbiota‑brain axis is a complex bidirectional communication system linking the gastrointestinal tract to the brain. Changes in the balance, composition and diversity of the gut‑microbiota (gut dysbiosis) have been found to be associated with the development of psychosis. Early‑life stress, along with various stressors encountered in different developmental phases, have been shown to be associated with the abnormal composition of the gut microbiota, leading to irregular immunological and neuroendocrine functions, which are potentially responsible for the occurrence of first‑episode psychosis (FEP). The aim of the present narrative review was to summarize the significant differences of the altered microbiome composition in patients suffering from FEP vs. healthy controls, and to discuss its effects on the occurrence and intensity of symptoms in FEP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos Theleritis
- Second Department of Psychiatry, Attikon University General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece
| | - Maria-Ioanna Stefanou
- Second Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Attikon University General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece
| | - Marina Demetriou
- Second Department of Psychiatry, Attikon University General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelos Alevyzakis
- Second Department of Psychiatry, Attikon University General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Triantafyllou
- Hepatogastroenterology Unit, Second Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Attikon University General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Smyrnis
- Second Department of Psychiatry, Attikon University General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece
| | - Demetrios A. Spandidos
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Emmanouil Rizos
- Second Department of Psychiatry, Attikon University General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece
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21
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Ignatiou A, Pitsouli C. Host-diet-microbiota interplay in intestinal nutrition and health. FEBS Lett 2024. [PMID: 38946050 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
The intestine is populated by a complex and dynamic assortment of microbes, collectively called gut microbiota, that interact with the host and contribute to its metabolism and physiology. Diet is considered a key regulator of intestinal microbiota, as ingested nutrients interact with and shape the resident microbiota composition. Furthermore, recent studies underscore the interplay of dietary and microbiota-derived nutrients, which directly impinge on intestinal stem cells regulating their turnover to ensure a healthy gut barrier. Although advanced sequencing methodologies have allowed the characterization of the human gut microbiome, mechanistic studies assessing diet-microbiota-host interactions depend on the use of genetically tractable models, such as Drosophila melanogaster. In this review, we first discuss the similarities between the human and fly intestines and then we focus on the effects of diet and microbiota on nutrient-sensing signaling cascades controlling intestinal stem cell self-renewal and differentiation, as well as disease. Finally, we underline the use of the Drosophila model in assessing the role of microbiota in gut-related pathologies and in understanding the mechanisms that mediate different whole-body manifestations of gut dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Ignatiou
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Chrysoula Pitsouli
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
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22
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Martin-Grau M, Monleón D. The Role of Microbiota-Related Co-Metabolites in MASLD Progression: A Narrative Review. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:6377-6389. [PMID: 39057023 PMCID: PMC11276081 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46070381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) represents a growing health concern due to its increasing prevalence worldwide. Metabolic homeostasis encompasses the stable internal conditions vital for efficient metabolism. This equilibrium extends to the intestinal microbiota, whose metabolic activities profoundly influence overall metabolic balance and organ health. The metabolites derived from the gut microbiota metabolism can be defined as microbiota-related co-metabolites. They serve as mediators between the gut microbiota and the host, influencing various physiological processes. The recent redefinition of the term MASLD has highlighted the metabolic dysfunction that characterize the disease. Metabolic dysfunction encompasses a spectrum of abnormalities, including impaired glucose regulation, dyslipidemia, mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation, and accumulation of toxic byproducts. In addition, MASLD progression has been linked to dysregulation in the gut microbiota and associated co-metabolites. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), hippurate, indole derivatives, branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), and bile acids (BAs) are among the key co-metabolites implicated in MASLD progression. In this review, we will unravel the relationship between the microbiota-related metabolites which have been associated with MASLD and that could play an important role for developing effective therapeutic interventions for MASLD and related metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Martin-Grau
- Department of Pathology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- University Clinical Hospital of Valencia Research Foundation (INCLIVA), 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Daniel Monleón
- Department of Pathology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- University Clinical Hospital of Valencia Research Foundation (INCLIVA), 46010 Valencia, Spain
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23
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Przewłócka K, Korewo-Labelle D, Berezka P, Karnia MJ, Kaczor JJ. Current Aspects of Selected Factors to Modulate Brain Health and Sports Performance in Athletes. Nutrients 2024; 16:1842. [PMID: 38931198 PMCID: PMC11206260 DOI: 10.3390/nu16121842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This review offers a comprehensive evaluation of current aspects related to nutritional strategies, brain modulation, and muscle recovery, focusing on their applications and the underlying mechanisms of physiological adaptation for promoting a healthy brain, not only in athletes but also for recreationally active and inactive individuals. We propose that applying the rule, among others, of good sleep, regular exercise, and a properly balanced diet, defined as "SPARKS", will have a beneficial effect on the function and regeneration processes of the gut-brain-muscle axis. However, adopting the formula, among others, of poor sleep, stress, overtraining, and dysbiosis, defined as "SMOULDER", will have a detrimental impact on the function of this axis and consequently on human health as well as on athletes. Understanding these dynamics is crucial for optimizing brain health and cognitive function. This review highlights the significance of these factors for overall well-being, suggesting that adopting the "SPARKS" approach may benefit not only athletes but also older adults and individuals with health conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Przewłócka
- Division of Physiology, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, 80-336 Gdansk, Poland;
| | - Daria Korewo-Labelle
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland;
| | - Paweł Berezka
- Department of Animal and Human Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, 80-309 Gdansk, Poland; (P.B.); (M.J.K.)
| | - Mateusz Jakub Karnia
- Department of Animal and Human Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, 80-309 Gdansk, Poland; (P.B.); (M.J.K.)
| | - Jan Jacek Kaczor
- Department of Animal and Human Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, 80-309 Gdansk, Poland; (P.B.); (M.J.K.)
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24
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Simpson JB, Walker ME, Sekela JJ, Ivey SM, Jariwala PB, Storch CM, Kowalewski ME, Graboski AL, Lietzan AD, Walton WG, Davis KA, Cloer EW, Borlandelli V, Hsiao YC, Roberts LR, Perlman DH, Liang X, Overkleeft HS, Bhatt AP, Lu K, Redinbo MR. Gut microbial β-glucuronidases influence endobiotic homeostasis and are modulated by diverse therapeutics. Cell Host Microbe 2024; 32:925-944.e10. [PMID: 38754417 PMCID: PMC11176022 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2024.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Hormones and neurotransmitters are essential to homeostasis, and their disruptions are connected to diseases ranging from cancer to anxiety. The differential reactivation of endobiotic glucuronides by gut microbial β-glucuronidase (GUS) enzymes may influence interindividual differences in the onset and treatment of disease. Using multi-omic, in vitro, and in vivo approaches, we show that germ-free mice have reduced levels of active endobiotics and that distinct gut microbial Loop 1 and FMN GUS enzymes drive hormone and neurotransmitter reactivation. We demonstrate that a range of FDA-approved drugs prevent this reactivation by intercepting the catalytic cycle of the enzymes in a conserved fashion. Finally, we find that inhibiting GUS in conventional mice reduces free serotonin and increases its inactive glucuronide in the serum and intestines. Our results illuminate the indispensability of gut microbial enzymes in sustaining endobiotic homeostasis and indicate that therapeutic disruptions of this metabolism promote interindividual response variabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua B Simpson
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Morgan E Walker
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Joshua J Sekela
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Samantha M Ivey
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Parth B Jariwala
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Cameron M Storch
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Mark E Kowalewski
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Amanda L Graboski
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Adam D Lietzan
- Division of Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - William G Walton
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kacey A Davis
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Erica W Cloer
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Valentina Borlandelli
- Department of Bioorganic Synthesis, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Yun-Chung Hsiao
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Lee R Roberts
- Exploratory Science Center, Merck & Co., Inc., Cambridge, MA 02141, USA
| | - David H Perlman
- Exploratory Science Center, Merck & Co., Inc., Cambridge, MA 02141, USA
| | - Xue Liang
- Exploratory Science Center, Merck & Co., Inc., Cambridge, MA 02141, USA
| | - Hermen S Overkleeft
- Department of Bioorganic Synthesis, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Aadra P Bhatt
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kun Lu
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Matthew R Redinbo
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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25
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Losa M, Morsy Y, Emmenegger M, Manz SM, Schwarz P, Aguzzi A, Scharl M. Longitudinal microbiome investigation throughout prion disease course reveals pre- and symptomatic compositional perturbations linked to short-chain fatty acid metabolism and cognitive impairment in mice. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1412765. [PMID: 38919500 PMCID: PMC11196846 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1412765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Commensal intestinal bacteria shape our microbiome and have decisive roles in preserving host metabolic and immune homeostasis. They conspicuously impact disease development and progression, including amyloid-beta (Aβ) and alpha (α)-synuclein pathology in neurodegenerative diseases, conveying the importance of the brain-gut-microbiome axis in such conditions. However, little is known about the longitudinal microbiome landscape and its potential clinical implications in other protein misfolding disorders, such as prion disease. We investigated the microbiome architecture throughout prion disease course in mice. Fecal specimens were assessed by 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing. We report a temporal microbiome signature in prion disease and uncovered alterations in Lachnospiraceae, Ruminococcaceae, Desulfovibrionaceae, and Muribaculaceae family members in this disease. Moreover, we determined the enrichment of Bilophila, a microorganism connected to cognitive impairment, long before the clinical manifestation of disease symptoms. Based on temporal microbial abundances, several associated metabolic pathways and resulting metabolites, including short-chain fatty acids, were linked to the disease. We propose that neuroinflammatory processes relate to perturbations of the intestinal microbiome and metabolic state by an interorgan brain-gut crosstalk. Furthermore, we describe biomarkers possibly suitable for early disease diagnostics and anti-prion therapy monitoring. While our study is confined to prion disease, our discoveries might be of equivalent relevance in other proteinopathies and central nervous system pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Losa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Yasser Morsy
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Marc Emmenegger
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Institute of Clinical Immunology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Salomon M. Manz
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Petra Schwarz
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Adriano Aguzzi
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Scharl
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
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26
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Álvarez-Herms J, Odriozola A. Microbiome and physical activity. ADVANCES IN GENETICS 2024; 111:409-450. [PMID: 38908903 DOI: 10.1016/bs.adgen.2024.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
Regular physical activity promotes health benefits and contributes to develop the individual biological potential. Chronical physical activity performed at moderate and high-intensity is the intensity more favorable to produce health development in athletes and improve the gut microbiota balance. The athletic microbiome is characterized by increased microbial diversity and abundance as well as greater phenotypic versatility. In addition, physical activity and microbiota composition have bidirectional effects, with regular physical activity improving microbial composition and microbial composition enhancing physical performance. The improvement of physical performance by a healthy microbiota is related to different phenotypes: i) efficient metabolic development, ii) improved regulation of intestinal permeability, iii) favourable modulation of local and systemic inflammatory and efficient immune responses, iv) efective regulation of systemic pH and, v) protection against acute stressful events such as environmental exposure to altitude or heat. The type of sport, both intensity or volume characteristics promote microbiota specialisation. Individual assessment of the state of the gut microbiota can be an effective biomarker for monitoring health in the medium to long term. The relationship between the microbiota and the rest of the body is bidirectional and symbiotic, with a full connection between the systemic functions of the nervous, musculoskeletal, endocrine, metabolic, acid-base and immune systems. In addition, circadian rhythms, including regular physical activity, directly influence the adaptive response of the microbiota. In conclusion, regular stimuli of moderate- and high-intensity physical activity promote greater diversity, abundance, resilience and versatility of the gut microbiota. This effect is highly beneficial for human health when healthy lifestyle habits including nutrition, hydration, rest, chronoregulation and physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Álvarez-Herms
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain; Phymo® Lab, Physiology and Molecular Laboratory, Collado Hermoso, Segovia, Spain.
| | - Adrián Odriozola
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
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27
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Bourqqia-Ramzi M, Mansilla-Guardiola J, Muñoz-Rodriguez D, Quarta E, Lombardo-Hernandez J, Murciano-Cespedosa A, Conejero-Meca FJ, Mateos González Á, Geuna S, Garcia-Esteban MT, Herrera-Rincon C. From the Microbiome to the Electrome: Implications for the Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6233. [PMID: 38892419 PMCID: PMC11172653 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiome plays a fundamental role in metabolism, as well as the immune and nervous systems. Microbial imbalance (dysbiosis) can contribute to subsequent physical and mental pathologies. As such, interest has been growing in the microbiota-gut-brain brain axis and the bioelectrical communication that could exist between bacterial and nervous cells. The aim of this study was to investigate the bioelectrical profile (electrome) of two bacterial species characteristic of the gut microbiome: a Proteobacteria Gram-negative bacillus Escherichia coli (E. coli), and a Firmicutes Gram-positive coccus Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis). We analyzed both bacterial strains to (i) validate the fluorescent probe bis-(1,3-dibutylbarbituric acid) trimethine oxonol, DiBAC4(3), as a reliable reporter of the changes in membrane potential (Vmem) for both bacteria; (ii) assess the evolution of the bioelectric profile throughout the growth of both strains; (iii) investigate the effects of two neural-type stimuli on Vmem changes: the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate (Glu) and the inhibitory neurotransmitter γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA); (iv) examine the impact of the bioelectrical changes induced by neurotransmitters on bacterial growth, viability, and cultivability using absorbance, live/dead fluorescent probes, and viable counts, respectively. Our findings reveal distinct bioelectrical profiles characteristic of each bacterial species and growth phase. Importantly, neural-type stimuli induce Vmem changes without affecting bacterial growth, viability, or cultivability, suggesting a specific bioelectrical response in bacterial cells to neurotransmitter cues. These results contribute to understanding the bacterial response to external stimuli, with potential implications for modulating bacterial bioelectricity as a novel therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwane Bourqqia-Ramzi
- Modeling, Data Analysis &Computational Tools for Biology Research Group, Biomathematics Unit, Department of Biodiversity, Ecology & Evolution, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.B.-R.); (J.M.-G.)
- Department of Neurosciences “Rita Levi Montalcini”, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Jesús Mansilla-Guardiola
- Modeling, Data Analysis &Computational Tools for Biology Research Group, Biomathematics Unit, Department of Biodiversity, Ecology & Evolution, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.B.-R.); (J.M.-G.)
- Unit of Microbiology, Department of Genetic, Physiology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - David Muñoz-Rodriguez
- Modeling, Data Analysis &Computational Tools for Biology Research Group, Biomathematics Unit, Department of Biodiversity, Ecology & Evolution, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.B.-R.); (J.M.-G.)
| | - Elisa Quarta
- Modeling, Data Analysis &Computational Tools for Biology Research Group, Biomathematics Unit, Department of Biodiversity, Ecology & Evolution, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.B.-R.); (J.M.-G.)
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center “Guido Tarone”, University of Torino, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Juan Lombardo-Hernandez
- Modeling, Data Analysis &Computational Tools for Biology Research Group, Biomathematics Unit, Department of Biodiversity, Ecology & Evolution, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.B.-R.); (J.M.-G.)
| | - Antonio Murciano-Cespedosa
- Modeling, Data Analysis &Computational Tools for Biology Research Group, Biomathematics Unit, Department of Biodiversity, Ecology & Evolution, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.B.-R.); (J.M.-G.)
- Neuro-Computing and Neuro-Robotics Research Group, Neural Plasticity Research Group Instituto Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco José Conejero-Meca
- Modeling, Data Analysis &Computational Tools for Biology Research Group, Biomathematics Unit, Department of Biodiversity, Ecology & Evolution, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.B.-R.); (J.M.-G.)
| | - Álvaro Mateos González
- Modeling, Data Analysis &Computational Tools for Biology Research Group, Biomathematics Unit, Department of Biodiversity, Ecology & Evolution, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.B.-R.); (J.M.-G.)
- University of Michigan-Shanghai Jiao Tong University Joint Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Stefano Geuna
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, Cavalieri Ottolenghi Neuroscience Institute, University of Turin, Ospedale San Luigi, 10043 Turin, Italy
| | - María Teresa Garcia-Esteban
- Unit of Microbiology, Department of Genetic, Physiology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Celia Herrera-Rincon
- Modeling, Data Analysis &Computational Tools for Biology Research Group, Biomathematics Unit, Department of Biodiversity, Ecology & Evolution, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.B.-R.); (J.M.-G.)
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28
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Salsinha AS, Cima A, Araújo-Rodrigues H, Viana S, Reis F, Coscueta ER, Rodríguez-Alcalá LM, Relvas JB, Pintado M. The use of an in vitro fecal fermentation model to uncover the beneficial role of omega-3 and punicic acid in gut microbiota alterations induced by a Western diet. Food Funct 2024; 15:6095-6117. [PMID: 38757812 DOI: 10.1039/d4fo00727a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
The influence of gut microbiota in the onset and development of several metabolic diseases has gained attention over the last few years. Diet plays an essential role in gut microbiota modulation. Western diet (WD), characterized by high-sugar and high-fat consumption, alters gut microbiome composition, diversity index, microbial relative levels, and functional pathways. Despite the promising health effects demonstrated by polyunsaturated fatty acids, their impact on gut microbiota is still overlooked. The effect of Fish oil (omega-3 source) and Pomegranate oil (punicic acid source), and a mixture of both oils in gut microbiota modulation were determined by subjecting the oil samples to in vitro fecal fermentations. Cecal samples from rats from two different dietary groups: a control diet (CD) and a high-fat high-sugar diet (WD), were used as fecal inoculum. 16S amplicon metagenomics sequencing showed that Fish oil + Pomegranate oil from the WD group increased α-diversity. This sample can also increase the relative abundance of the Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes phylum as well as Akkermansia and Blautia, which were affected by the WD consumption. All samples were able to increase butyrate and acetate concentration in the WD group. Moreover, tyrosine concentrations, a precursor for dopamine and norepinephrine, increase in the Fish oil + Pomegranate oil WD sample. GABA, an important neurotransmitter, was also increased in WD samples. These results suggest a potential positive impact of these oils' mixture on gut-brain axis modulation. It was demonstrated, for the first time, the great potential of using a mixture of both Fish and Pomegranate oil to restore the gut microbiota changes associated with WD consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Sofia Salsinha
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina -Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua de Diogo Botelho, 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal.
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde and Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto - Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - André Cima
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina -Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua de Diogo Botelho, 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Helena Araújo-Rodrigues
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina -Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua de Diogo Botelho, 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal.
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde and Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto - Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Sofia Viana
- Coimbra Institute of Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine and Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Instituto Politécnico de Coimbra, Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde de Coimbra, Rua 5 de Outubro - S. Martinho Bispo, Apartado 7006, 3046-854 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Flávio Reis
- Coimbra Institute of Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine and Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ezequiel R Coscueta
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina -Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua de Diogo Botelho, 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Luis Miguel Rodríguez-Alcalá
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina -Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua de Diogo Botelho, 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal.
| | - João B Relvas
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde and Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto - Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Departmento de Biomedicina, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto (FMUP), 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Manuela Pintado
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina -Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua de Diogo Botelho, 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal.
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29
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Fabi JP. The connection between gut microbiota and its metabolites with neurodegenerative diseases in humans. Metab Brain Dis 2024; 39:967-984. [PMID: 38848023 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-024-01369-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
The aging of populations is a global phenomenon that follows a possible increase in the incidence of neurodegenerative diseases. Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, Multiple Sclerosis, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, and Huntington's diseases are some neurodegenerative disorders that aging could initiate or aggravate. Recent research has indicated that intestinal microbiota dysbiosis can trigger metabolism and brain functioning, contributing to the etiopathogenesis of those neurodegenerative diseases. The intestinal microbiota and its metabolites show significant functions in various aspects, such as the immune system modulation (development and maturation), the maintenance of the intestinal barrier integrity, the modulation of neuromuscular functions in the intestine, and the facilitation of essential metabolic processes for both the microbiota and humans. The primary evidence supporting the connection between intestinal microbiota and its metabolites with neurodegenerative diseases are epidemiological observations and animal models experimentation. This paper reviews up-to-date evidence on the correlation between the microbiota-gut-brain axis and neurodegenerative diseases, with a specially focus on gut metabolites. Dysbiosis can increase inflammatory cytokines and bacterial metabolites, altering intestinal and blood-brain barrier permeability and causing neuroinflammation, thus facilitating the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. Clinical data supporting this evidence still needs to be improved. Most of the works found are descriptive and associated with the presence of phyla or species of bacteria with neurodegenerative diseases. Despite the limitations of recent research, the potential for elucidating clinical questions that have thus far eluded clarification within prevailing pathophysiological frameworks of health and disease is promising through investigation of the interplay between the host and microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Paulo Fabi
- Department of Food Science and Experimental Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508000, SP, Brazil.
- Food and Nutrition Research Center (NAPAN), University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508080, SP, Brazil.
- Food Research Center (FoRC), CEPID-FAPESP (Research, Innovation and Dissemination Centers, São Paulo Research Foundation), São Paulo, 05508080, SP, Brazil.
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30
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Pu B, Zhu H, Wei L, Gu L, Zhang S, Jian Z, Xiong X. The Involvement of Immune Cells Between Ischemic Stroke and Gut Microbiota. Transl Stroke Res 2024; 15:498-517. [PMID: 37140808 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-023-01151-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke, a disease with high mortality and disability rate worldwide, currently has no effective treatment. The systemic inflammation response to the ischemic stroke, followed by immunosuppression in focal neurologic deficits and other inflammatory damage, reduces the circulating immune cell counts and multiorgan infectious complications such as intestinal and gut dysfunction dysbiosis. Evidence showed that microbiota dysbiosis plays a role in neuroinflammation and peripheral immune response after stroke, changing the lymphocyte populations. Multiple immune cells, including lymphocytes, engage in complex and dynamic immune responses in all stages of stroke and may be a pivotal moderator in the bidirectional immunomodulation between ischemic stroke and gut microbiota. This review discusses the role of lymphocytes and other immune cells, the immunological processes in the bidirectional immunomodulation between gut microbiota and ischemic stroke, and its potential as a therapeutic strategy for ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Pu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 99 Zhang Zhidong Rd, Wuhan, Hubei, 430060, People's Republic of China
- Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430060, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 99 Zhang Zhidong Rd, Wuhan, Hubei, 430060, People's Republic of China
- Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430060, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Wei
- Organ Transplantation Center, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital and School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
- Clinical Immunology Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610000, Sichuan, China
| | - Lijuan Gu
- Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430060, People's Republic of China
| | - Shenqi Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 99 Zhang Zhidong Rd, Wuhan, Hubei, 430060, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhihong Jian
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 99 Zhang Zhidong Rd, Wuhan, Hubei, 430060, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaoxing Xiong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 99 Zhang Zhidong Rd, Wuhan, Hubei, 430060, People's Republic of China.
- Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430060, People's Republic of China.
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Frank CE, Sadeghi J, Heath DD, Semeniuk CAD. Behavioral transcriptomic effects of triploidy and probiotic therapy (Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, and Lactococcus mixture) on juvenile Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha). GENES, BRAIN, AND BEHAVIOR 2024; 23:e12898. [PMID: 38817102 PMCID: PMC11140169 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Aquaculturists use polyploid fish to maximize production albeit with some unintended consequences including compromised behaviors and physiological function. Given benefits of probiotic therapies (e.g., improved immune response, growth, and metabolism), we explored probiotic supplementation (mixture of Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, and Lactococcus), to overcome drawbacks. We first examined fish gut bacterial community composition using 16S metabarcoding (via principal coordinate analyses and PERMANOVA) and determined probiotics significantly impacted gut bacteria composition (p = 0.001). Secondly, we examined how a genomic disruptor (triploidy) and diet supplements (probiotics) impact gene transcription and behavioral profiles of hatchery-reared Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha). Juveniles from four treatment groups (diploid-regular feed, diploid-probiotic feed, triploid-regular feed, and triploid-probiotic feed; n = 360) underwent behavioral assays to test activity, exploration, neophobia, predator evasion, aggression/sociality, behavioral sensitivity, and flexibility. In these fish, transcriptional profiles for genes associated with neural functions (neurogenesis/synaptic plasticity) and biomarkers for stress response and development (growth/appetite) were (i) examined across treatments and (ii) used to describe behavioral phenotypes via principal component analyses and general linear mixed models. Triploids exhibited a more active behavioral profile (p = 0.002), and those on a regular diet had greater Neuropeptide Y transcription (p = 0.02). A growth gene (early growth response protein 1, p = 0.02) and long-term neural development genes (neurogenic differentiation factor, p = 0.003 and synaptysomal-associated protein 25-a, p = 0.005) impacted activity and reactionary profiles, respectively. Overall, our probiotic treatment did not compensate for triploidy. Our research highlights novel applications of behavioral transcriptomics for identifying candidate genes and dynamic, mechanistic associations with complex behavioral repertoires.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea E. Frank
- Department of Integrative BiologyUniversity of WindsorWindsorOntarioCanada
| | - Javad Sadeghi
- Great Lakes Institute for Environmental ResearchUniversity of WindsorWindsorOntarioCanada
| | - Daniel D. Heath
- Department of Integrative BiologyUniversity of WindsorWindsorOntarioCanada
- Great Lakes Institute for Environmental ResearchUniversity of WindsorWindsorOntarioCanada
| | - Christina A. D. Semeniuk
- Department of Integrative BiologyUniversity of WindsorWindsorOntarioCanada
- Great Lakes Institute for Environmental ResearchUniversity of WindsorWindsorOntarioCanada
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Bessa MK, Bessa GR, Bonamigo RR. Kefir as a therapeutic agent in clinical research: a scoping review. Nutr Res Rev 2024; 37:79-95. [PMID: 36994828 DOI: 10.1017/s0954422423000070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Increasing research has been conducted on the role of probiotics in disease treatment. Kefir, a safe, low-cost probiotic fermented milk drink, has been investigated in many in vitro and animal studies, although parameters for human therapeutic dose or treatment time have not yet been determined. Here we perform a scoping review of clinical studies that have used kefir as a therapeutic agent, compiling the results for perspectives to support and direct further research. This review was based on Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines, including studies on the effects of kefir-fermented milk in humans. Using the term KEFIR, the main international databases were searched for studies published in English, Spanish or Portuguese until 9 March 2022. A total of 5835 articles were identified in the four databases, with forty-four eligible for analysis. The research areas were classified as metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes, gastrointestinal health/disorders, maternal/child health and paediatrics, dentistry, oncology, women's and geriatric health, and dermatology. The many study limitations hampered generalisation of the results. The small sample sizes, methodological variation and differences in kefir types, dosage and treatment duration prevented clear conclusions about its benefits for specific diseases. We suggest using a standard therapeutic dose of traditionally prepared kefir in millilitres according to body weight, making routine consumption more feasible. The studies showed that kefir is safe for people without serious illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Klippel Bessa
- Postgraduate Program in Pathology, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Rua Sarmento Leite, 245, 90050-170, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Renan Rangel Bonamigo
- Postgraduate Program in Pathology, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Rua Sarmento Leite, 245, 90050-170, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Ford AC, Vanner S, Kashyap PC, Nasser Y. Chronic Visceral Pain: New Peripheral Mechanistic Insights and Resulting Treatments. Gastroenterology 2024; 166:976-994. [PMID: 38325759 PMCID: PMC11102851 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2024.01.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Chronic visceral pain is one of the most common reasons for patients with gastrointestinal disorders, such as inflammatory bowel disease or disorders of brain-gut interaction, to seek medical attention. It represents a substantial burden to patients and is associated with anxiety, depression, reductions in quality of life, and impaired social functioning, as well as increased direct and indirect health care costs to society. Unfortunately, the diagnosis and treatment of chronic visceral pain is difficult, in part because our understanding of the underlying pathophysiologic basis is incomplete. In this review, we highlight recent advances in peripheral pain signaling and specific physiologic and pathophysiologic preclinical mechanisms that result in the sensitization of peripheral pain pathways. We focus on preclinical mechanisms that have been translated into treatment approaches and summarize the current evidence base for directing treatment toward these mechanisms of chronic visceral pain derived from clinical trials. The effective management of chronic visceral pain remains of critical importance for the quality of life of suffers. A deeper understanding of peripheral pain mechanisms is necessary and may provide the basis for novel therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander C Ford
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St. James's, University of |Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom; Leeds Gastroenterology Institute, Leeds Teaching Hospitals National Health Service Trust, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen Vanner
- Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Unit, Kingston General Hospital, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Purna C Kashyap
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Yasmin Nasser
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Department of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
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Suslov AV, Panas A, Sinelnikov MY, Maslennikov RV, Trishina AS, Zharikova TS, Zharova NV, Kalinin DV, Pontes-Silva A, Zharikov YO. Applied physiology: gut microbiota and antimicrobial therapy. Eur J Appl Physiol 2024; 124:1631-1643. [PMID: 38683402 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-024-05496-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
The gut microbiota plays an important role in maintaining human health and in the pathogenesis of several diseases. Antibiotics are among the most commonly prescribed drugs and have a significant impact on the structure and function of the gut microbiota. The understanding that a healthy gut microbiota prevents the development of many diseases has also led to its consideration as a potential therapeutic target. At the same time, any factor that alters the gut microbiota becomes important in this approach. Exercise and antibacterial therapy have a direct effect on the microbiota. The review reflects the current state of publications on the mechanisms of intestinal bacterial involvement in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular, metabolic, and neurodegenerative diseases. The physiological mechanisms of the influence of physical activity on the composition of the gut microbiota are considered. The mechanisms of the common interface between exercise and antibacterial therapy will be considered using the example of several socially important diseases. The aim of the study is to show the physiological relationship between the effects of exercise and antibiotics on the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey V Suslov
- Russian National Centre of Surgery, Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology, Moscow, 117418, Russia
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University (RNRMU), Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - Alin Panas
- N.V. Sklifosovsky Institute of Clinical Medicine, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), St. Trubetskaya, 8, Bld. 2, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Mikhail Y Sinelnikov
- Department of Oncology, Radiotherapy and Reconstructive Surgery, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, 119048, Russia
| | - Roman V Maslennikov
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, 119435, Russia
| | - Aleksandra S Trishina
- N.V. Sklifosovsky Institute of Clinical Medicine, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), St. Trubetskaya, 8, Bld. 2, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Tatyana S Zharikova
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, 125009, Russia
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Nataliya V Zharova
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, 125009, Russia
| | - Dmitry V Kalinin
- Pathology Department, A.V. Vishnevsky National Medical Research Center of Surgery, Moscow, 115093, Russia
| | - André Pontes-Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Physical Therapy (PPGFT), Department of Physical Therapy (DFisio), Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos (SP), Brazil.
| | - Yury O Zharikov
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, 125009, Russia
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Bae J, Moniruzzaman M, Je HW, Lee S, Choi W, Min T, Kim KW, Bai SC. Evaluation of Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) as a Functional Feed Ingredient on Growth Performance, Immune Enhancement, and Disease Resistance in Olive Flounder ( Paralichthys olivaceus) under High Stocking Density. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:647. [PMID: 38929086 PMCID: PMC11201082 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13060647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a non-protein amino acid that is found in the brain and central nervous system of animals as an inhibitory neurotransmitter. It has been shown to have a variety of physiological functions, including stress reduction and immune enhancement. This study investigated the effects of dietary supplementation with GABA on growth, serum biochemistry, innate immunity, and disease resistance in juvenile olive flounders (Paralichthys olivaceus) challenged with Edwardsiella tarda under high-stocking density. A control diet and three experimental diets were prepared, with 150 mg/kg (GABA150), 200 mg/kg (GABA200), and 250 mg/kg (GABA250) of GABA added to each diet, respectively. Each experimental diet was fed to olive flounders in triplicate with an initial weight of 12.75 g ± 0.3 g in 40 L tanks at two stocking densities: normal density (20 fish/tank) and high density (40 fish/tank). After 8 weeks of the feeding trial, growth, feed utilization, whole-body proximate compositions, blood analyses, and non-specific immune responses were measured, and challenge tests were performed. There were no significant differences in the weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) among fish fed the GABA-supplemented diets at the two stocking densities. However, the normal-density groups showed significantly higher WG and SGR than the high-density groups (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in feed efficiency and protein efficiency ratio among all groups. Moreover, there was no significant difference in the whole-body proximate composition analysis (p > 0.05). There were no significant differences in cortisol levels in fish fed the GABA at both densities, but the high-density group showed a significantly higher cortisol than the low-density group. Blood GABA significantly increased in a dose-dependent manner regardless of the density groups (p < 0.05). Superoxide dismutase activity showed significantly higher levels than the control group, but there was no significant effect of the stocking densities in fish fed the GABA diets (p < 0.05). Myeloperoxidase activities in fish fed the GABA200 and GABA250 diets showed significantly higher levels at both of the stocking densities (p < 0.05). Lysozyme activity was significantly higher in the GABA150 group than in the CON, GABA200, and GABA250 groups (p < 0.05). After 15 days of challenge tests with Edwardsiella tarda, the cumulative survival rates of the GABA150, GABA200, and GABA250 groups were significantly higher than that of the CON group (p < 0.05). The results suggested that the optimal dietary GABA level for juvenile olive flounder culture is 150 mg/kg, regardless of rearing density, to enhance growth, immunity, and disease resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinho Bae
- Aquafeed Research Center, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Pohang 37517, Republic of Korea; (J.B.); (K.-W.K.)
| | - Mohammad Moniruzzaman
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Jeju International Animal Research Center (JIA), Sustainable Agriculture Research Institute (SARI), Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea;
| | - Hyeong-Woo Je
- Department of Fisheries Biology, Pukyong National University, 45, Yongso-ro, Nam-gu, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea;
| | - Seunghan Lee
- Department of Aquaculture and Aquatic Science, Kunsan National University, Gunsan 54150, Republic of Korea;
| | - Wonsuk Choi
- CJ Feed & Care, AN R&D Center, 170, Eulji-ro, Jung-gu, Seoul 04548, Republic of Korea;
| | - Taesun Min
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Bio-Resources Computing Research Center, Sustainable Agriculture Research Institute (SARI), Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea;
| | - Kang-Woong Kim
- Aquafeed Research Center, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Pohang 37517, Republic of Korea; (J.B.); (K.-W.K.)
| | - Sungchul C. Bai
- Feeds & Foods Nutrition Research Center, Pukyong National University, Busan 48547, Republic of Korea
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36
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Ionescu MI, Zahiu CDM, Vlad A, Galos F, Gradisteanu Pircalabioru G, Zagrean AM, O'Mahony SM. Nurturing development: how a mother's nutrition shapes offspring's brain through the gut. Nutr Neurosci 2024:1-23. [PMID: 38781488 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2024.2349336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Pregnancy is a transformative period marked by profound physical and emotional changes, with far-reaching consequences for both mother and child. Emerging research has illustrated the pivotal role of a mother's diet during pregnancy in influencing the prenatal gut microbiome and subsequently shaping the neurodevelopment of her offspring. The intricate interplay between maternal gut health, nutrition, and neurodevelopmental outcomes has emerged as a captivating field of investigation within developmental science. Acting as a dynamic bridge between mother and fetus, the maternal gut microbiome, directly and indirectly, impacts the offspring's neurodevelopment through diverse pathways. This comprehensive review delves into a spectrum of studies, clarifying putative mechanisms through which maternal nutrition, by modulating the gut microbiota, orchestrates the early stages of brain development. Drawing insights from animal models and human cohorts, this work underscores the profound implications of maternal gut health for neurodevelopmental trajectories and offers a glimpse into the formulation of targeted interventions able to optimize the health of both mother and offspring. The prospect of tailored dietary recommendations for expectant mothers emerges as a promising and accessible intervention to foster the growth of beneficial gut bacteria, potentially leading to enhanced cognitive outcomes and reduced risks of neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara Ioana Ionescu
- Department of Functional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Pediatrics, Marie Curie Emergency Children's Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Carmen Denise Mihaela Zahiu
- Department of Functional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Adelina Vlad
- Department of Functional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Felicia Galos
- Department of Pediatrics, Marie Curie Emergency Children's Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Gratiela Gradisteanu Pircalabioru
- Research Institute of the University of Bucharest, Section Earth, Environmental and Life Sciences, Section-ICUB, Bucharest, Romania
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ana-Maria Zagrean
- Department of Functional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Siobhain M O'Mahony
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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Santamarina AB, de Freitas JA, Franco LAM, Nehmi-Filho V, Fonseca JV, Martins RC, Turri JA, da Silva BFRB, Fugi BEI, da Fonseca SS, Gusmão AF, Olivieri EHR, de Souza E, Costa S, Sabino EC, Otoch JP, Pessoa AFM. Nutraceutical blends predict enhanced health via microbiota reshaping improving cytokines and life quality: a Brazilian double-blind randomized trial. Sci Rep 2024; 14:11127. [PMID: 38750102 PMCID: PMC11096337 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61909-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Nutraceutical interventions supporting microbiota and eliciting clinical improvements in metabolic diseases have grown significantly. Chronic stress, gut dysbiosis, and metainflammation have emerged as key factors intertwined with sleep disorders, consequently exacerbating the decline in quality of life. This study aimed to assess the effects of two nutraceutical formulations containing prebiotics (fructooligosaccharides (FOS), galactooligosaccharides (GOS), yeast β-glucans), minerals (Mg, Se, Zn), and the herbal medicine Silybum marianum L. Gaertn., Asteraceae (Milk thistle or Silymarin). These formulations, namely NSupple (without silymarin) and NSupple_Silybum (with silymarin) were tested over 180 days in overweight/obese volunteers from Brazil's southeastern region. We accessed fecal gut microbiota by partial 16S rRNA sequences; cytokines expression by CBA; anthropometrics, quality of life and sleep, as well as metabolic and hormonal parameters, at baseline (T0) and 180 days (T180) post-supplementation. Results demonstrated gut microbiota reshaping at phyla, genera, and species level post-supplementation. The Bacteroidetes phylum, Bacteroides, and Prevotella genera were positively modulated especially in the NSupple_Silybum group. Gut microbiota modulation was associated with improved sleep patterns, quality-of-life perception, cytokines expression, and anthropometric parameters post-supplementation. Our findings suggest that the nutraceutical blends positively enhance cardiometabolic and inflammatory markers. Particularly, NSupple_Silybum modulated microbiota composition, underscoring its potential significance in ameliorating metabolic dysregulation. Clinical trial registry number: NCT04810572. 23/03/2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Boveto Santamarina
- Laboratório de Produtos e Derivados Naturais, Laboratório de Investigação Médica-26 (LIM-26), Departamento de Cirurgia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 01246903, Brazil
- Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Efeom Nutrição S/A, São Paulo, SP, 03317000, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Alves de Freitas
- Laboratório de Produtos e Derivados Naturais, Laboratório de Investigação Médica-26 (LIM-26), Departamento de Cirurgia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 01246903, Brazil
- Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Efeom Nutrição S/A, São Paulo, SP, 03317000, Brazil
| | - Lucas Augusto Moyses Franco
- Laboratório de Parasitologia Médica (LIM-46), Departamento de Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Universidade de São Paulo Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 05403-000, Brazil
| | - Victor Nehmi-Filho
- Laboratório de Produtos e Derivados Naturais, Laboratório de Investigação Médica-26 (LIM-26), Departamento de Cirurgia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 01246903, Brazil
- Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Efeom Nutrição S/A, São Paulo, SP, 03317000, Brazil
| | - Joyce Vanessa Fonseca
- Laboratório de Investigação Médica em Protozoologia, Bacteriologia e Resistência Antimicrobiana (LIM-49)Departamento de Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Universidade de São Paulo Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 05403-000, Brazil
| | - Roberta Cristina Martins
- Laboratório de Parasitologia Médica (LIM-46), Departamento de Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Universidade de São Paulo Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 05403-000, Brazil
| | - José Antônio Turri
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Economia da Saúde, Departamento de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia, Universidade de São Paulo Faculdade de Medicina, São Paulo, SP, 01246903, Brazil
| | - Bruna Fernanda Rio Branco da Silva
- Laboratório de Produtos e Derivados Naturais, Laboratório de Investigação Médica-26 (LIM-26), Departamento de Cirurgia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 01246903, Brazil
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar em Fisiologia e Exercício, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Santos, SP, 11015-020, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Emi Itikawa Fugi
- Laboratório de Produtos e Derivados Naturais, Laboratório de Investigação Médica-26 (LIM-26), Departamento de Cirurgia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 01246903, Brazil
- Graduação em Nutrição, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 01246904, Brazil
| | - Sumaia Sobral da Fonseca
- Laboratório de Produtos e Derivados Naturais, Laboratório de Investigação Médica-26 (LIM-26), Departamento de Cirurgia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 01246903, Brazil
- Graduação em Nutrição, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 01246904, Brazil
| | - Arianne Fagotti Gusmão
- International Research Center, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, SP, 01508-010, Brazil
| | | | - Erica de Souza
- Ambulatório Monte Azul, São Paulo, SP, 05801-110, Brazil
| | - Silvia Costa
- Laboratório de Investigação Médica em Protozoologia, Bacteriologia e Resistência Antimicrobiana (LIM-49)Departamento de Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Universidade de São Paulo Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 05403-000, Brazil
| | - Ester Cerdeira Sabino
- Laboratório de Parasitologia Médica (LIM-46), Departamento de Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Universidade de São Paulo Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 05403-000, Brazil
| | - José Pinhata Otoch
- Laboratório de Produtos e Derivados Naturais, Laboratório de Investigação Médica-26 (LIM-26), Departamento de Cirurgia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 01246903, Brazil
- Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Efeom Nutrição S/A, São Paulo, SP, 03317000, Brazil
- Faculdade de Medicina da, Universidade de São Paulo, Hospital Universitário da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Ana Flávia Marçal Pessoa
- Laboratório de Produtos e Derivados Naturais, Laboratório de Investigação Médica-26 (LIM-26), Departamento de Cirurgia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 01246903, Brazil.
- Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Efeom Nutrição S/A, São Paulo, SP, 03317000, Brazil.
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Louka E, Koumandou VL. The Emerging Role of Human Gut Bacteria Extracellular Vesicles in Mental Disorders and Developing New Pharmaceuticals. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:4751-4767. [PMID: 38785554 PMCID: PMC11120620 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46050286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years, further evidence has emerged regarding the involvement of extracellular vesicles in various human physiopathological conditions such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, irritable bowel syndrome, and mental disorders. The biogenesis and cargo of such vesicles may reveal their impact on human health nd disease and set the underpinnings for the development of novel chemical compounds and pharmaceuticals. In this review, we examine the link between bacteria-derived exosomes in the gastrointestinal tract and mental disorders, such as depression and anxiety disorders. Crucially, we focus on whether changes in the gut environment affect the human mental state or the other way around. Furthermore, the possibility of handling bacteria-derived exosomes as vectors of chemicals to treat such conditions is examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Effrosyni Louka
- Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Vassiliki Lila Koumandou
- Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece
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Caruso MG, Nicolas S, Lucassen PJ, Mul JD, O’Leary OF, Nolan YM. Ageing, Cognitive Decline, and Effects of Physical Exercise: Complexities, and Considerations from Animal Models. Brain Plast 2024; 9:43-73. [PMID: 38993577 PMCID: PMC11234681 DOI: 10.3233/bpl-230157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
In our ageing global population, the cognitive decline associated with dementia and neurodegenerative diseases represents a major healthcare problem. To date, there are no effective treatments for age-related cognitive impairment, thus preventative strategies are urgently required. Physical exercise is gaining traction as a non-pharmacological approach to promote brain health. Adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN), a unique form of brain plasticity which is necessary for certain cognitive functions declines with age and is enhanced in response to exercise. Accumulating evidence from research in rodents suggests that physical exercise has beneficial effects on cognition through its proneurogenic capabilities. Given ethical and technical limitations in human studies, preclinical research in rodents is crucial for a better understanding of such exercise-induced brain and behavioural changes. In this review, exercise paradigms used in preclinical research are compared. We provide an overview of the effects of different exercise paradigms on age-related cognitive decline from middle-age until older-age. We discuss the relationship between the age-related decrease in AHN and the potential impact of exercise on mitigating this decline. We highlight the emerging literature on the impact of exercise on gut microbiota during ageing and consider the role of the gut-brain axis as a future possible strategy to optimize exercise-enhanced cognitive function. Finally, we propose a guideline for designing optimal exercise protocols in rodent studies, which would inform clinical research and contribute to developing preventative strategies for age-related cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Giovanna Caruso
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Ireland
| | - Sarah Nicolas
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Ireland
| | - Paul J. Lucassen
- Brain Plasticity group, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Center for Urban Mental Health, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joram D. Mul
- Brain Plasticity group, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Center for Urban Mental Health, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Olivia F. O’Leary
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Ireland
| | - Yvonne M. Nolan
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Ireland
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Aziz N, Wal P, Patel A, Prajapati H. A comprehensive review on the pharmacological role of gut microbiome in neurodegenerative disorders: potential therapeutic targets. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024:10.1007/s00210-024-03109-4. [PMID: 38734839 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-024-03109-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Neurological disorders, including Alzheimer and Parkinson's, pose significant challenges to public health due to their complex etiologies and limited treatment options. Recent advances in research have highlighted the intricate bidirectional communication between the gut microbiome and the central nervous system (CNS), revealing a potential therapeutic avenue for neurological disorders. Thus, this review aims to summarize the current understanding of the pharmacological role of gut microbiome in neurological disorders. Mounting evidence suggests that the gut microbiome plays a crucial role in modulating CNS function through various mechanisms, including the production of neurotransmitters, neuroactive metabolites, and immune system modulation. Dysbiosis, characterized by alterations in gut microbial composition and function, has been observed in many neurological disorders, indicating a potential causative or contributory role. Pharmacological interventions targeting the gut microbiome have emerged as promising therapeutic strategies for neurological disorders. Probiotics, prebiotics, antibiotics, and microbial metabolite-based interventions have shown beneficial effects in animal models and some human studies. These interventions aim to restore microbial homeostasis, enhance microbial diversity, and promote the production of beneficial metabolites. However, several challenges remain, including the need for standardized protocols, identification of specific microbial signatures associated with different neurological disorders, and understanding the precise mechanisms underlying gut-brain communication. Further research is necessary to unravel the intricate interactions between the gut microbiome and the CNS and to develop targeted pharmacological interventions for neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namra Aziz
- PSIT-Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology (Pharmacy), NH-19, Kanpur, UP, 209305, India
| | - Pranay Wal
- PSIT-Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology (Pharmacy), NH-19, Kanpur, UP, 209305, India.
| | - Aman Patel
- PSIT-Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology (Pharmacy), NH-19, Kanpur, UP, 209305, India
| | - Harshit Prajapati
- PSIT-Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology (Pharmacy), NH-19, Kanpur, UP, 209305, India
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41
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Xiao J. Role of the Gut Microbiota-Brain Axis in Brain Damage in Preterm Infants. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2024; 7:1197-1204. [PMID: 38751622 PMCID: PMC11091980 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.3c00369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
The greatest repository of microbes in the human body, the intestinal microbiome, is involved in neurological development, aging, and brain illnesses such as white matter injury (WMI) in preterm newborns. Intestinal microorganisms constitute a microbial gut-brain axis that serves as a crucial conduit for communication between the gut and the nervous system. This axis controls inflammatory cytokines, which in turn influence the differentiation of premyelinating oligodendrocytes (pre-OLs) and influence the incidence of WMI in premature newborns through the metabolites generated by gut microbes. Here, we describe the effects of white matter injury (WMI) on intestinal dysbiosis and gut dysfunction and explain the most recent research findings on the gut-brain axis in both humans and animals. We also emphasize the delicate relationship that exists between the microbiota and the brain following acute brain injury. The role that the intestinal microflora plays in influencing host metabolism, the immune system, brain health, and the course of disease is becoming increasingly clear, but there are still gaps in the field of WMI treatment. Thus, this review demonstrates the function of the gut microflora-brain axis in WMI and elucidates the possible mechanisms underlying the communication between gut bacteria and the developing brain via the gut-brain axis, potentially opening up new avenues for microbial-based intervention and treatment for preterm WMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Xiao
- Department
of Pathology, Huangshi Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei Polytechnic University, 435000 Huangshi, P. R. China
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Qu L, Li Y, Liu F, Fang Y, He J, Ma J, Xu T, Wang L, Lei P, Dong H, Jin L, Yang Q, Wu W, Sun D. Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis Dysregulation in Alzheimer's Disease: Multi-Pathway Effects and Therapeutic Potential. Aging Dis 2024; 15:1108-1131. [PMID: 37728579 PMCID: PMC11081173 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2023.0823-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
An essential regulator of neurodegenerative conditions like Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the gut microbiota. Alterations in intestinal permeability brought on by gut microbiota dysregulation encourage neuroinflammation, central immune dysregulation, and peripheral immunological dysregulation in AD, as well as hasten aberrant protein aggregation and neuronal death in the brain. However, it is unclear how the gut microbiota transmits information to the brain and how it influences brain cognition and function. In this review, we summarized the multiple pathways involved in the gut microbiome in AD and provided detailed treatment strategies based on the gut microbiome. Based on these observations, this review also discusses the problems, challenges, and strategies to address current therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linkai Qu
- Institute of Life Sciences & Biomedical Collaborative Innovation Center of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325000, China.
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130118, China.
| | - Yanwei Li
- Core Facilities, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Fan Liu
- Institute of Life Sciences & Biomedical Collaborative Innovation Center of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325000, China.
| | - Yimeng Fang
- Institute of Life Sciences & Biomedical Collaborative Innovation Center of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325000, China.
| | - Jiaxuan He
- Institute of Life Sciences & Biomedical Collaborative Innovation Center of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325000, China.
| | - Jiahui Ma
- Institute of Life Sciences & Biomedical Collaborative Innovation Center of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325000, China.
| | - Ting Xu
- Institute of Life Sciences & Biomedical Collaborative Innovation Center of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325000, China.
| | - Lei Wang
- Institute of Life Sciences & Biomedical Collaborative Innovation Center of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325000, China.
| | - Pengyu Lei
- Institute of Life Sciences & Biomedical Collaborative Innovation Center of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325000, China.
| | - Hao Dong
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China.
| | - Libo Jin
- Institute of Life Sciences & Biomedical Collaborative Innovation Center of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325000, China.
| | - Qinsi Yang
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou 325000, China.
| | - Wei Wu
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Da Sun
- Institute of Life Sciences & Biomedical Collaborative Innovation Center of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325000, China.
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Lv S, Huang J, Luo Y, Wen Y, Chen B, Qiu H, Chen H, Yue T, He L, Feng B, Yu Z, Zhao M, Yang Q, He M, Xiao W, Zou X, Gu C, Lu R. Gut microbiota is involved in male reproductive function: a review. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1371667. [PMID: 38765683 PMCID: PMC11099273 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1371667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Globally, ~8%-12% of couples confront infertility issues, male-related issues being accountable for 50%. This review focuses on the influence of gut microbiota and their metabolites on the male reproductive system from five perspectives: sperm quality, testicular structure, sex hormones, sexual behavior, and probiotic supplementation. To improve sperm quality, gut microbiota can secrete metabolites by themselves or regulate host metabolites. Endotoxemia is a key factor in testicular structure damage that causes orchitis and disrupts the blood-testis barrier (BTB). In addition, the gut microbiota can regulate sex hormone levels by participating in the synthesis of sex hormone-related enzymes directly and participating in the enterohepatic circulation of sex hormones, and affect the hypothalamic-pituitary-testis (HPT) axis. They can also activate areas of the brain that control sexual arousal and behavior through metabolites. Probiotic supplementation can improve male reproductive function. Therefore, the gut microbiota may affect male reproductive function and behavior; however, further research is needed to better understand the mechanisms underlying microbiota-mediated male infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuya Lv
- Laboratory Animal Centre, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Model Animal and Human Disease Research of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jingrong Huang
- Laboratory Animal Centre, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Model Animal and Human Disease Research of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yadan Luo
- Laboratory Animal Centre, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Model Animal and Human Disease Research of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yuhang Wen
- Laboratory Animal Centre, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Model Animal and Human Disease Research of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Baoting Chen
- Laboratory Animal Centre, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Model Animal and Human Disease Research of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Hao Qiu
- Laboratory Animal Centre, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Model Animal and Human Disease Research of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Huanxin Chen
- Gastrointestinal Surgery, Suining First People's Hospital, Suining, China
| | - Tianhao Yue
- Laboratory Animal Centre, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Model Animal and Human Disease Research of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Lvqin He
- Laboratory Animal Centre, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Model Animal and Human Disease Research of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Baochun Feng
- Gastrointestinal Surgery, Suining First People's Hospital, Suining, China
| | - Zehui Yu
- Laboratory Animal Centre, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Model Animal and Human Disease Research of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Mingde Zhao
- Laboratory Animal Centre, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Model Animal and Human Disease Research of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Qian Yang
- Laboratory Animal Centre, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Model Animal and Human Disease Research of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Manli He
- Laboratory Animal Centre, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Model Animal and Human Disease Research of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Wudian Xiao
- Laboratory Animal Centre, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Model Animal and Human Disease Research of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxia Zou
- Gastrointestinal Surgery, Suining First People's Hospital, Suining, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Congwei Gu
- Laboratory Animal Centre, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Model Animal and Human Disease Research of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ruilin Lu
- Gastrointestinal Surgery, Suining First People's Hospital, Suining, China
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Potter K, Gayle EJ, Deb S. Effect of gut microbiome on serotonin metabolism: a personalized treatment approach. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 397:2589-2602. [PMID: 37922012 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02762-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/05/2023]
Abstract
Several factors including diet, exercise, and medications influence the makeup of the resilient but adaptable gut microbiome. Bacteria in the gut have a significant role in the homeostasis of the neurotransmitter serotonin, also known as 5-hydroxytryptamine, involved in mood and behavior. The goal of the current work is to review the effect of the gut microbiome on serotonin metabolism, and how it can potentially contribute to the development of a personalized treatment approach for depression and anxiety. Bacterial strains provide innovative therapeutic targets that can be used for disorders, such as depression, that involve dysregulation of serotonin. Advances in bacterial genomic sequencing have increased the accessibility and affordability of microbiome testing, which unlocks a new targeted pathway to modulate serotonin metabolism by targeting the gut-brain axis. Microbiome testing can facilitate the recommendation of strain-specific probiotic supplements based on patient-specific microbial profiles. Several studies have shown that supplementation with probiotics containing specific species of bacteria, such as Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus, can improve symptoms of depression. Further research is needed to improve the process and interpretation of microbiome testing and how to successfully incorporate testing results into guiding clinical decision-making. This targeted approach centered around the gut-brain axis can provide a novel way to personalize therapy for mental health disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristal Potter
- College of Pharmacy, Larkin University, 18301 N. Miami Avenue, Miami, FL, 33169, USA
| | - Erysa J Gayle
- College of Biomedical Sciences, Larkin University, 18301 N. Miami Avenue, Miami, FL, 33169, USA
| | - Subrata Deb
- College of Pharmacy, Larkin University, 18301 N. Miami Avenue, Miami, FL, 33169, USA.
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Hardjo J, Selene NB. Stunting and Gut Microbiota: A Literature Review. Pediatr Gastroenterol Hepatol Nutr 2024; 27:137-145. [PMID: 38818278 PMCID: PMC11134181 DOI: 10.5223/pghn.2024.27.3.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Stunting, a condition characterized by impaired growth and development in children, remains a major public health concern worldwide. Over the past decade, emerging evidence has shed light on the potential role of gut microbiota modulation in stunting. Gut microbiota dysbiosis has been linked to impaired nutrient absorption, chronic inflammation, altered short-chain fatty acid production, and perturbed hormonal and signaling pathways, all of which may hinder optimal growth in children. This review aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of existing research exploring the bidirectional relationship between stunting and the gut microbiota. Although stunting can alter the gut microbial community, microbiota dysbiosis may exacerbate it, forming a vicious cycle that sustains the condition. The need for effective preventive and therapeutic strategies targeting the gut microbiota to combat stunting is also discussed. Nutritional interventions, probiotics, and prebiotics are among the most promising approaches to modulate the gut microbiota and potentially ameliorate stunting outcomes. Ultimately, a better understanding of the gut microbiota-stunting nexus is vital for guiding evidence-based interventions that can improve the growth and development trajectory of children worldwide, making substantial strides toward reducing the burden of stunting in vulnerable populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessy Hardjo
- Department of Emergency Medicine, General Hospital Ploso, East Java, Indonesia
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Porru S, Esplugues A, Llop S, Delgado-Saborit JM. The effects of heavy metal exposure on brain and gut microbiota: A systematic review of animal studies. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 348:123732. [PMID: 38462196 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
The gut-brain axis is a crucial interface between the central nervous system and the gut microbiota. Recent evidence shows that exposure to environmental contaminants, such as heavy metals, can cause dysbiosis in gut microbiota, which may affect the gut-brain communication, impacting aspects of brain function and behavior. This systematic review of the literature aims to evaluate whether deleterious effects on brain function due to heavy metal exposure could be mediated by changes in the gut microbiota profile. Animal studies involving exposure to heavy metals and a comparison with a control group that evaluated neuropsychological outcomes and/or molecular outcomes along with the analysis of microbiota composition were reviewed. The authors independently assessed studies for inclusion, extracted data and assessed risk of bias using the protocol of Systematic Review Center for Laboratory Animal Experimentation (SYRCLE) for preclinical studies. A search in 3 databases yielded 16 eligible studies focused on lead (n = 10), cadmium (n = 1), mercury (n = 3), manganese (n = 1), and combined exposure of lead and manganese (n = 1). The animal species were rats (n = 7), mice (n = 4), zebrafish (n = 3), carp (n = 1) and fruit fly (n = 1). Heavy metals were found to adversely affect cognitive function, behavior, and neuronal morphology. Moreover, heavy metal exposure was associated with changes in the abundance of specific bacterial phyla, such as Firmicutes and Proteobacteria, which play crucial roles in gut health. In some studies, these alterations were correlated with learning and memory impairments and mood disorders. The interplay of heavy metals, gut microbiota, and brain suggests that heavy metals can induce direct brain alterations and indirect effects through the microbiota, contributing to neurotoxicity and the development of neuropsychological disorders. However, the small number of papers under review makes it difficult to draw definitive conclusions. Further research is warranted to unravel the underlying mechanisms and evaluate the translational implications for human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Porru
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences. Universitat Jaume I, Avenida de Vicent Sos Baynat s/n, 12071, Castellón de la Plana, Spain
| | - Ana Esplugues
- Faculty of Nursing and Podiatry, Universitat de València, C/Menendez Pelayo S/n, 46010, València, Spain; Epidemiology and Environmental Health Joint Research Unit, FISABIO-Universitat Jaume I-Universitat de Valencia, Av. Catalunya 21, 46020, València, Spain; Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5. Pabellón 11, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sabrina Llop
- Epidemiology and Environmental Health Joint Research Unit, FISABIO-Universitat Jaume I-Universitat de Valencia, Av. Catalunya 21, 46020, València, Spain; Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5. Pabellón 11, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juana María Delgado-Saborit
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences. Universitat Jaume I, Avenida de Vicent Sos Baynat s/n, 12071, Castellón de la Plana, Spain; Epidemiology and Environmental Health Joint Research Unit, FISABIO-Universitat Jaume I-Universitat de Valencia, Av. Catalunya 21, 46020, València, Spain.
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Raya Tonetti F, Eguileor A, Mrdjen M, Pathak V, Travers J, Nagy LE, Llorente C. Gut-liver axis: Recent concepts in pathophysiology in alcohol-associated liver disease. Hepatology 2024:01515467-990000000-00873. [PMID: 38691396 DOI: 10.1097/hep.0000000000000924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
The growing recognition of the role of the gut microbiome's impact on alcohol-associated diseases, especially in alcohol-associated liver disease, emphasizes the need to understand molecular mechanisms involved in governing organ-organ communication to identify novel avenues to combat alcohol-associated diseases. The gut-liver axis refers to the bidirectional communication and interaction between the gut and the liver. Intestinal microbiota plays a pivotal role in maintaining homeostasis within the gut-liver axis, and this axis plays a significant role in alcohol-associated liver disease. The intricate communication between intestine and liver involves communication between multiple cellular components in each organ that enable them to carry out their physiological functions. In this review, we focus on novel approaches to understanding how chronic alcohol exposure impacts the microbiome and individual cells within the liver and intestine, as well as the impact of ethanol on the molecular machinery required for intraorgan and interorgan communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Raya Tonetti
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Alvaro Eguileor
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Marko Mrdjen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Vai Pathak
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Jared Travers
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Laura E Nagy
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Cristina Llorente
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
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Wang Y, Xie D, Ma S, Shao N, Zhang X, Wang X. Exploring the common mechanism of vascular dementia and inflammatory bowel disease: a bioinformatics-based study. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1347415. [PMID: 38736878 PMCID: PMC11084673 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1347415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Emerging evidence has shown that gut diseases can regulate the development and function of the immune, metabolic, and nervous systems through dynamic bidirectional communication on the brain-gut axis. However, the specific mechanism of intestinal diseases and vascular dementia (VD) remains unclear. We designed this study especially, to further clarify the connection between VD and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) from bioinformatics analyses. Methods We downloaded Gene expression profiles for VD (GSE122063) and IBD (GSE47908, GSE179285) from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Then individual Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) was used to confirm the connection between the two diseases respectively. The common differentially expressed genes (coDEGs) were identified, and the STRING database together with Cytoscape software were used to construct protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and core functional modules. We identified the hub genes by using the Cytohubba plugin. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis were applied to identify pathways of coDEGs and hub genes. Subsequently, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to identify the diagnostic ability of these hub genes, and a training dataset was used to verify the expression levels of the hub genes. An alternative single-sample gene set enrichment (ssGSEA) algorithm was used to analyze immune cell infiltration between coDEGs and immune cells. Finally, the correlation between hub genes and immune cells was analyzed. Results We screened 167 coDEGs. The main articles of coDEGs enrichment analysis focused on immune function. 8 shared hub genes were identified, including PTPRC, ITGB2, CYBB, IL1B, TLR2, CASP1, IL10RA, and BTK. The functional categories of hub genes enrichment analysis were mainly involved in the regulation of immune function and neuroinflammatory response. Compared to the healthy controls, abnormal infiltration of immune cells was found in VD and IBD. We also found the correlation between 8 shared hub genes and immune cells. Conclusions This study suggests that IBD may be a new risk factor for VD. The 8 hub genes may predict the IBD complicated with VD. Immune-related coDEGS may be related to their association, which requires further research to prove.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujiao Wang
- Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Daojun Xie
- Encephalopathy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Shijia Ma
- Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Nan Shao
- Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xie Wang
- Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
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Deng Z, Liu L, Liu W, Liu R, Ma T, Xin Y, Xie Y, Zhang Y, Zhou Y, Tang Y. Alterations in the fecal microbiota of methamphetamine users with bad sleep quality during abstinence. BMC Psychiatry 2024; 24:324. [PMID: 38664669 PMCID: PMC11046801 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-024-05773-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Methamphetamine (MA) abuse has resulted in a plethora of social issues. Sleep disturbance is a prominent issue about MA addiction, which serve as a risk factor for relapse, and the gut microbiota could play an important role in the pathophysiological mechanisms of sleep disturbances. Therefore, improving sleep quality can be beneficial for treating methamphetamine addiction, and interventions addressing the gut microbiota may represent a promising approach. METHOD We recruited 70 MA users to investigate the associations between sleep quality and fecal microbiota by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), which was divided into MA-GS (PSQI score < 7, MA users with good sleep quality, n = 49) and MA-BS group (PSQI score ≥ 7, MA users with bad sleep quality, n = 21). In addition, we compared the gut microbiota between the MA-GS and healthy control (HC, n = 38) groups. 16S rRNA sequencing was applied to identify the gut bacteria. RESULT The study revealed that the relative abundances of the Thermoanaerobacterales at the order level differed between the MA-GS and MA-BS groups. Additionally, a positive correlation was found between the relative abundance of the genus Sutterella and daytime dysfunction. Furthermore, comparisons between MA users and HCs revealed differences in beta diversity and relative abundances of various bacterial taxa. CONCLUSION In conclusion, the study investigated alterations in the gut microbiota among MA users. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the genus Sutterella changes may be associated with daytime dysfunction, suggesting that the genus Sutterella may be a biomarker for bad sleep quality in MA users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijing Deng
- Brain Function Research Section, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, PR China
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Linzi Liu
- Brain Function Research Section, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, PR China
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Wen Liu
- Brain Function Research Section, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, PR China
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Ruina Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shanxi, PR China
| | - Tao Ma
- Brain Function Research Section, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, PR China
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Yide Xin
- Brain Function Research Section, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Yu Xie
- Brain Function Research Section, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Yifan Zhang
- Brain Function Research Section, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, PR China
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Yifang Zhou
- Brain Function Research Section, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, PR China
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Yanqing Tang
- Department of Psychiatry, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning, PR China.
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Yang Q, Li J, Zhang L, Zhao N, Sun X, Wang Z. Type I Cystatin Derived from Cysticercus pisiformis-Stefins, Suppresses LPS-Mediated Inflammatory Response in RAW264.7 Cells. Microorganisms 2024; 12:850. [PMID: 38792680 PMCID: PMC11123757 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12050850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Cysticercus pisiformis is a kind of tapeworm larvae of Taenia pisiformis, which parasitizes the liver envelope, omentum, mesentery, and rectum of rodents such as rabbits. Cysteine protease inhibitors derived from helminth were immunoregulatory molecules of intermediate hosts and had an immunomodulatory function that regulates the production of inflammatory factors. Thus, in the present research, the recombinant Stefin of C. pisiformis was confirmed to have the potential to fight inflammation in LPS-Mediated RAW264.7 murine macrophages. CCK8 test showed that rCpStefin below 50 μg/mL concentration did not affect cellular viability. Moreover, the NO production level determined by the Griess test was decreased. In addition, the secretion levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α as measured by ELISA were decreased. Furthermore, it exerted anti-inflammatory activity by decreasing the production of proinflammatory cytokines and proinflammatory mediators, including IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, iNOS, and COX-2 at the gene transcription level, as measured by qRT-PCR. Therefore, Type I cystatin derived from C. pisiformis suppresses the LPS-Mediated inflammatory response of the intermediate host and is a potential candidate for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Xiaolin Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (Q.Y.); (J.L.); (L.Z.); (N.Z.)
| | - Zexiang Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (Q.Y.); (J.L.); (L.Z.); (N.Z.)
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