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Heuvelmans AM, Proietti Onori M, Frega M, de Hoogen JD, Nel E, Elgersma Y, van Woerden GM. Modeling mTORopathy-related epilepsy in cultured murine hippocampal neurons using the multi-electrode array. Exp Neurol 2024; 379:114874. [PMID: 38914275 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2024.114874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
The mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling pathway is a ubiquitous cellular pathway. mTORopathies, a group of disorders characterized by hyperactivity of the mTORC1 pathway, illustrate the prominent role of the mTOR pathway in disease pathology, often profoundly affecting the central nervous system. One of the most debilitating symptoms of mTORopathies is drug-resistant epilepsy, emphasizing the urgent need for a deeper understanding of disease mechanisms to develop novel anti-epileptic drugs. In this study, we explored the multiwell Multi-electrode array (MEA) system as a tool to identify robust network activity parameters in an approach to model mTORopathy-related epilepsy in vitro. To this extent, we cultured mouse primary hippocampal neurons on the multiwell MEA to identify robust network activity phenotypes in mTORC1-hyperactive neuronal networks. mTOR-hyperactivity was induced either through deletion of Tsc1 or overexpression of a constitutively active RHEB variant identified in patients, RHEBp.P37L. mTORC1 dependency of the phenotypes was assessed using rapamycin, and vigabatrin was applied to treat epilepsy-like phenotypes. We show that hyperactivity of the mTORC1 pathway leads to aberrant network activity. In both the Tsc1-KO and RHEB-p.P37L models, we identified changes in network synchronicity, rhythmicity, and burst characteristics. The presence of these phenotypes is prevented upon early treatment with the mTORC1-inhibitor rapamycin. Application of rapamycin in mature neuronal cultures could only partially rescue the network activity phenotypes. Additionally, treatment with the anti-epileptic drug vigabatrin reduced network activity and restored burst characteristics. Taken together, we showed that mTORC1-hyperactive neuronal cultures on the multiwell MEA system present reliable network activity phenotypes that can be used as an assay to explore the potency of new drug treatments targeting epilepsy in mTORopathy patients and may give more insights into the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying epilepsy in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anouk M Heuvelmans
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015 CN, the Netherlands; The ENCORE Expertise Center for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Rotterdam 3015 CN, the Netherlands.
| | - Martina Proietti Onori
- The ENCORE Expertise Center for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Rotterdam 3015 CN, the Netherlands; Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015 CN, the Netherlands
| | - Monica Frega
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, University of Twente, 7522 NB Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - Jeffrey D de Hoogen
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015 CN, the Netherlands
| | - Eveline Nel
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015 CN, the Netherlands
| | - Ype Elgersma
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015 CN, the Netherlands; The ENCORE Expertise Center for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Rotterdam 3015 CN, the Netherlands
| | - Geeske M van Woerden
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015 CN, the Netherlands; The ENCORE Expertise Center for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Rotterdam 3015 CN, the Netherlands; Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015 CN, the Netherlands.
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2
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Alruwaii ZI, Williamson SR, Al-Obaidy KI. Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Kinase is a Common Convergent Pathway to Renal Neoplasia: A Contemporary Review. Int J Surg Pathol 2024; 32:1095-1108. [PMID: 38258297 DOI: 10.1177/10668969231219653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase (mTOR) is a member of the phosphatidylinositol-3-hydroxide kinase (PI3 K)-related protein kinase family that functions as a central regulator of cell growth, metabolism, proliferation, and survival. The role of the TSC-mTOR signaling pathway in kidney tumors has been implicated in some hamartoma syndromes; however, with the advent and wide utilization of molecular studies, a growing number of kidney tumors have been linked to somatic or germline mutations involving genes that encode for this pathway, including eosinophilic solid and cystic renal cell carcinoma, low-grade oncocytic tumor, eosinophilic vacuolated tumor, renal cell carcinoma with fibromyomatous stroma and angiomyolipoma, among others. Herein, we review the contemporary developments of mTOR pathway-related renal neoplasia, focusing on the clinicopathologic features of the tumor entities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zainab I Alruwaii
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Dammam, KSA
| | - Sean R Williamson
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, The Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Khaleel I Al-Obaidy
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Medicine, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
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3
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Jiang C, Tan X, Liu N, Yan P, Hou T, Wei W. Nutrient Sensing of mTORC1 signaling in cancer and aging. Semin Cancer Biol 2024; 106-107:S1044-579X(24)00059-2. [PMID: 39153724 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2024.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2024] [Revised: 08/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
The mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) is indispensable for preserving cellular and organismal homeostasis by balancing the anabolic and catabolic processes in response to various environmental cues, such as nutrients, growth factors, energy status, oxygen levels, and stress. Dysregulation of mTORC1 signaling is associated with the progression of many types of human disorders including cancer, age-related diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and metabolic diseases. The way mTORC1 senses various upstream signals and converts them into specific downstream responses remains a crucial question with significant impacts for our perception of the related physiological and pathological process. In this review, we discuss the recent molecular and functional insights into the nutrient sensing of the mTORC1 signaling pathway, along with the emerging role of deregulating nutrient-mTORC1 signaling in cancer and age-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Jiang
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Xiao Tan
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Ning Liu
- International Research Center for Food and Health, College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, 201306 Shanghai, China
| | - Peiqiang Yan
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Tao Hou
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Wenyi Wei
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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4
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Fonódi M, Nagy L, Boratkó A. Role of Protein Phosphatases in Tumor Angiogenesis: Assessing PP1, PP2A, PP2B and PTPs Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6868. [PMID: 38999976 PMCID: PMC11241275 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25136868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Tumor angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels to support tumor growth and metastasis, is a complex process regulated by a multitude of signaling pathways. Dysregulation of signaling pathways involving protein kinases has been extensively studied, but the role of protein phosphatases in angiogenesis within the tumor microenvironment remains less explored. However, among angiogenic pathways, protein phosphatases play critical roles in modulating signaling cascades. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the involvement of protein phosphatases in tumor angiogenesis, highlighting their diverse functions and mechanisms of action. Protein phosphatases are key regulators of cellular signaling pathways by catalyzing the dephosphorylation of proteins, thereby modulating their activity and function. This review aims to assess the activity of the protein tyrosine phosphatases and serine/threonine phosphatases. These phosphatases exert their effects on angiogenic signaling pathways through various mechanisms, including direct dephosphorylation of angiogenic receptors and downstream signaling molecules. Moreover, protein phosphatases also crosstalk with other signaling pathways involved in angiogenesis, further emphasizing their significance in regulating tumor vascularization, including endothelial cell survival, sprouting, and vessel maturation. In conclusion, this review underscores the pivotal role of protein phosphatases in tumor angiogenesis and accentuate their potential as therapeutic targets for anti-angiogenic therapy in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Anita Boratkó
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (M.F.); (L.N.)
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5
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Ramli I, Cheriet T, Thuan DTB, Khoi DN, Thu DNK, Posadino AM, Fenu G, Sharifi-Rad J, Pintus G. Potential applications of antofine and its synthetic derivatives in cancer therapy: structural and molecular insights. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024:10.1007/s00210-024-03180-x. [PMID: 38842561 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-024-03180-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Cancer is a major global health challenge, being the second leading cause of morbidity and mortality after cardiovascular disease. The growing economic burden and profound psychosocial impact on patients and their families make it urgent to find innovative and effective anticancer solutions. For this reason, interest in using natural compounds to develop new cancer treatments has grown. In this respect, antofine, an alkaloid class found in Apocynaceae, Lauraceae, and Moraceae family plants, exhibits promising biological properties, including anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antiviral, and antifungal activities. Several molecular mechanisms have been identified underlying antofine anti-cancerous effects, including the inhibition of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) and AKT/mTOR signaling pathways, epigenetic inhibition of protein synthesis, ribosomal targeting, induction of apoptosis, inhibition of DNA synthesis, and cell cycle arrest. This study discusses the molecular structure, sources, photochemistry, and anticancer properties of antofine in relation to its structure-activity relationship and molecular targets. Then, examine in vitro and in vivo studies and analyze the mechanisms of action underpinning antofine efficacy against cancer cells. This review also discusses multidrug resistance in human cancer and the potential of antofine in this context. Safety and toxicity concerns are also addressed as well as current challenges in antofine research, including the need for clinical trials and bioavailability optimization. This review aims to provide comprehensive information for more effective natural compound-based cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iman Ramli
- Laboratory of Applied Biochemistry, Faculté Des Sciences de La Nature Et de La Vie, Université Frères Mentouri Constantine 1, 25000, Constantine, Algeria
| | - Thamere Cheriet
- Unité de Valorisation Des Ressources Naturelles, Molécules Bioactives Et Analyses Physicochimiques Et Biologiques, Université Des Frères Mentouri Constantine, 25000, Constantine, Algeria
- Département Science de La Nature Et de La Vie, Faculté Des Sciences Exactes Et Science de La Natute Et de La Vie, Université Mohammed Boudiaf-Oum El-Bouaghi, 04000, Oum El-Bouaghi, Algeria
| | | | - Dang Ngoc Khoi
- College of Health Sciences, VinUniversity, Gia Lam, 100000, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | | | - Anna Maria Posadino
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43B, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Grazia Fenu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43B, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Javad Sharifi-Rad
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Gianfranco Pintus
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43B, 07100, Sassari, Italy.
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences and Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
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6
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Nobutoki T. Vitamin D in tuberous sclerosis complex-associated tumors. Front Pediatr 2024; 12:1392380. [PMID: 38846332 PMCID: PMC11153746 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2024.1392380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors (mTORi) have been used to treat pediatric tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC)-associated tumors, particularly in cases with contraindications to surgery or difficulties in complete tumor resection. However, some patients experience side effects and tumor regression after discontinuation of the treatment. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop drugs that can be used in combination with mTORi to increase their efficacy and minimize their side effects. 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25-D), which has anticancer properties, may be a promising candidate for adjuvant or alternative therapy because TSC and cancer cells share common mechanisms, including angiogenesis, cell growth, and proliferation. Vitamin D receptor-mediated signaling can be epigenetically modified and plays an important role in susceptibility to 1,25-D. Therefore, vitamin D signaling may be a promising drug target, and in vitro studies are required to evaluate the efficacy of 1,25-D in TSC-associated tumors, brain development, and core symptoms of psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuro Nobutoki
- Department of Pediatrics, Social Welfare Aiseikai, Suihoen, Japan
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7
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Sharma A, Anurag, Kaur J, Kesharwani A, Parihar VK. Antimicrobial Potential of Polyphenols: An Update on Alternative for Combating Antimicrobial Resistance. Med Chem 2024; 20:576-596. [PMID: 38584534 DOI: 10.2174/0115734064277579240328142639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
The last decade has encountered an increasing demand for plant-based natural antibiotics. This demand has led to more research-based investigations for natural sources of antimicrobial agents and published reports demonstrating that plant extracts are widely applied in modern medicine, reporting potential activity that may be due to polyphenol compounds. Interestingly, the effects of polyphenols on the sensitivity of bacteria to antibiotics have not been well-studied. Hence, the current review encompasses the prospective application of plant-based phenolic extracts from plants of Indian origin. The emergence of resistance to antimicrobial agents has increased the inefficacy of many antimicrobial drugs. Several strategies have been developed in recent times to overcome this issue. A combination of antimicrobial agents is employed for the failing antibiotics, which restores the desirable effect but may have toxicity-related issues. Phytochemicals such as some polyphenols have demonstrated their potent activity as antimicrobial agents of natural origin to work against resistance issues. These agents alone or in combination with certain antibiotics have been shown to enhance the antimicrobial activity against a spectrum of microbes. However, the information regarding the mechanisms and structure-activity relationships remains elusive. The present review also focuses on the possible mechanisms of natural compounds based on their structure- activity relationships for incorporating polyphenolic compounds in the drug-development processes. Besides this work, polyphenols could reduce drug dosage and may diminish the unhidden or hidden side effects of antibiotics. Pre-clinical findings have provided strong evidence that polyphenolic compounds, individually and in combination with already approved antibiotics, work well against the development of resistance. However, more studies must focus on in vivo results, and clinical research needs to specify the importance of polyphenol-based antibacterials in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alok Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, MIET, Meerut (UP), 250005, India
| | - Anurag
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, MIET, Meerut (UP), 250005, India
| | - Jasleen Kaur
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Raebareli, 226002, UP, India
| | - Anuradha Kesharwani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Hajipur, 844102, Hajipur, India
| | - Vipan Kumar Parihar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Hajipur, 844102, Hajipur, India
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8
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Bar-Tana J. TorS - Reframing a rational for type 2 diabetes treatment. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2024; 40:e3712. [PMID: 37615286 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.3712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
The mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 syndrome (Tors), paradigm implies an exhaustive cohesive disease entity driven by a hyperactive mTORC1, and which includes obesity, type 2 diabetic hyperglycemia, diabetic dyslipidemia, diabetic cardiomyopathy, diabetic nephropathy, diabetic peripheral neuropathy, hypertension, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, some cancers, neurodegeneration, polycystic ovary syndrome, psoriasis and other. The TorS paradigm may account for the efficacy of standard-of-care treatments of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in alleviating the glycaemic and non-glycaemic diseases of TorS in T2D and non-T2D patients. The TorS paradigm may generate novel treatments for TorS diseases.
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9
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Goul C, Peruzzo R, Zoncu R. The molecular basis of nutrient sensing and signalling by mTORC1 in metabolism regulation and disease. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2023; 24:857-875. [PMID: 37612414 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-023-00641-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
The Ser/Thr kinase mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a central regulator of cellular metabolism. As part of mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1), mTOR integrates signals such as the levels of nutrients, growth factors, energy sources and oxygen, and triggers responses that either boost anabolism or suppress catabolism. mTORC1 signalling has wide-ranging consequences for the growth and homeostasis of key tissues and organs, and its dysregulated activity promotes cancer, type 2 diabetes, neurodegeneration and other age-related disorders. How mTORC1 integrates numerous upstream cues and translates them into specific downstream responses is an outstanding question with major implications for our understanding of physiology and disease mechanisms. In this Review, we discuss recent structural and functional insights into the molecular architecture of mTORC1 and its lysosomal partners, which have greatly increased our mechanistic understanding of nutrient-dependent mTORC1 regulation. We also discuss the emerging involvement of aberrant nutrient-mTORC1 signalling in multiple diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Goul
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Roberta Peruzzo
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Roberto Zoncu
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
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10
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Wang GY, Qin SL, Zheng YN, Geng HJ, Chen L, Yao JH, Deng L. Propionate promotes gluconeogenesis by regulating mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway in calf hepatocytes. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2023; 15:88-98. [PMID: 37841648 PMCID: PMC10568569 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2023.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Enhancing hepatic gluconeogenesis is one of the main modes of meeting the glucose requirement of dairy cows. This study attempted to determine whether the gluconeogenesis precursor propionate had an effect on the expression of the main genes involved in gluconeogenesis in calf hepatocytes and elucidate the associated mechanisms. Calf hepatocytes were obtained from 5 healthy calves (1 d old; 30 to 40 kg) and exposed to 0-, 1-, 2.5-, or 5-mM sodium propionate (NaP), which is known to promote the expression of genes involved in the gluconeogenesis pathway, including fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, and glucose-6-phosphatase. With regard to the underlying mechanism, propionate promoted the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha, hepatocyte nuclear factor 4, and forkhead box O1 (transcription factors that regulate the expression of hepatic gluconeogenic genes) by promoting mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1), but inhibiting mTORC2 activity (P < 0.01). We also established a model of palmitic acid (PA)-induced hepatic injury in calf hepatocytes and found that PA could inhibit the gluconeogenic capacity of calf hepatocytes by suppressing the expression of gluconeogenic genes, inhibiting mTORC1, and promoting the activity of mTORC2 (P < 0.01). In contrast, NaP provided protection to calf hepatocytes by counteracting the inhibitory effect of PA on the gluconeogenic capacity of calf hepatocytes (P < 0.05). Collectively, these findings indicate that NaP enhances the gluconeogenic capacity of calf hepatocytes by regulating the mTOR pathway activity. Thus, in addition to improving the glucose production potential, propionate may have therapeutic potential for the treatment of hepatic injury in dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yi Ning Zheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Hui Jun Geng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Lei Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Jun Hu Yao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Lu Deng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
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11
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Fallone L, Walzer T, Marçais A. Signaling Pathways Leading to mTOR Activation Downstream Cytokine Receptors in Lymphocytes in Health and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12736. [PMID: 37628917 PMCID: PMC10454121 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
CD8+ T cells and Natural Killer (NK) cells are cytotoxic lymphocytes important in the response to intracellular pathogens and cancer. Their activity depends on the integration of a large set of intracellular and environmental cues, including antigenic signals, cytokine stimulation and nutrient availability. This integration is achieved by signaling hubs, such as the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR). mTOR is a conserved protein kinase that controls cellular growth and metabolism in eukaryotic cells and, therefore, is essential for lymphocyte development and maturation. However, our current understanding of mTOR signaling comes mostly from studies performed in transformed cell lines, which constitute a poor model for comprehending metabolic pathway regulation. Therefore, it is only quite recently that the regulation of mTOR in primary cells has been assessed. Here, we review the signaling pathways leading to mTOR activation in CD8+ T and NK cells, focusing on activation by cytokines. We also discuss how this knowledge can contribute to immunotherapy development, particularly for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Antoine Marçais
- CIRI—Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (Team Lyacts), Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, F-69007 Lyon, France; (L.F.); (T.W.)
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12
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Gao Y, Tian T. mTOR Signaling Pathway and Gut Microbiota in Various Disorders: Mechanisms and Potential Drugs in Pharmacotherapy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11811. [PMID: 37511569 PMCID: PMC10380532 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The mammalian or mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) integrates multiple intracellular and extracellular upstream signals involved in the regulation of anabolic and catabolic processes in cells and plays a key regulatory role in cell growth and metabolism. The activation of the mTOR signaling pathway has been reported to be associated with a wide range of human diseases. A growing number of in vivo and in vitro studies have demonstrated that gut microbes and their complex metabolites can regulate host metabolic and immune responses through the mTOR pathway and result in disorders of host physiological functions. In this review, we summarize the regulatory mechanisms of gut microbes and mTOR in different diseases and discuss the crosstalk between gut microbes and their metabolites and mTOR in disorders in the gastrointestinal tract, liver, heart, and other organs. We also discuss the promising application of multiple potential drugs that can adjust the gut microbiota and mTOR signaling pathways. Despite the limited findings between gut microbes and mTOR, elucidating their relationship may provide new clues for the prevention and treatment of various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Gao
- College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Tian Tian
- College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
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13
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Marques-Ramos A, Cervantes R. Expression of mTOR in normal and pathological conditions. Mol Cancer 2023; 22:112. [PMID: 37454139 PMCID: PMC10349476 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-023-01820-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanistic/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), a protein discovered in 1991, integrates a complex pathway with a key role in maintaining cellular homeostasis. By comprising two functionally distinct complexes, mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) and mTORC2, it is a central cellular hub that integrates intra- and extracellular signals of energy, nutrient, and hormone availability, modulating the molecular responses to acquire a homeostatic state through the regulation of anabolic and catabolic processes. Accordingly, dysregulation of mTOR pathway has been implicated in a variety of human diseases. While major advances have been made regarding the regulators and effectors of mTOR signaling pathway, insights into the regulation of mTOR gene expression are beginning to emerge. Here, we present the current available data regarding the mTOR expression regulation at the level of transcription, translation and mRNA stability and systematize the current knowledge about the fluctuations of mTOR expression observed in several diseases, both cancerous and non-cancerous. In addition, we discuss whether mTOR expression changes can be used as a biomarker for diagnosis, disease progression, prognosis and/or response to therapeutics. We believe that our study will contribute for the implementation of new disease biomarkers based on mTOR as it gives an exhaustive perspective about the regulation of mTOR gene expression in both normal and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Marques-Ramos
- H&TRC-Health & Technology Research Center, ESTeSL-Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - R Cervantes
- H&TRC-Health & Technology Research Center, ESTeSL-Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Public Health Research Centre, NOVA National School of Public Health, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Comprehensive Health Research Center (CHRC), Lisbon, Portugal
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14
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Lees J, Hay J, Moles MW, Michie AM. The discrete roles of individual FOXO transcription factor family members in B-cell malignancies. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1179101. [PMID: 37275916 PMCID: PMC10233034 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1179101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Forkhead box (FOX) class O (FOXO) proteins are a dynamic family of transcription factors composed of four family members: FOXO1, FOXO3, FOXO4 and FOXO6. As context-dependent transcriptional activators and repressors, the FOXO family regulates diverse cellular processes including cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, metabolism, longevity and cell fate determination. A central pathway responsible for negative regulation of FOXO activity is the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)-AKT signalling pathway, enabling cell survival and proliferation. FOXO family members can be further regulated by distinct kinases, both positively (e.g., JNK, AMPK) and negatively (e.g., ERK-MAPK, CDK2), with additional post-translational modifications further impacting on FOXO activity. Evidence has suggested that FOXOs behave as 'bona fide' tumour suppressors, through transcriptional programmes regulating several cellular behaviours including cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. However, an alternative paradigm has emerged which indicates that FOXOs operate as mediators of cellular homeostasis and/or resistance in both 'normal' and pathophysiological scenarios. Distinct FOXO family members fulfil discrete roles during normal B cell maturation and function, and it is now clear that FOXOs are aberrantly expressed and mutated in discrete B-cell malignancies. While active FOXO function is generally associated with disease suppression in chronic lymphocytic leukemia for example, FOXO expression is associated with disease progression in diffuse large B cell lymphoma, an observation also seen in other cancers. The opposing functions of the FOXO family drives the debate about the circumstances in which FOXOs favour or hinder disease progression, and whether targeting FOXO-mediated processes would be effective in the treatment of B-cell malignancies. Here, we discuss the disparate roles of FOXO family members in B lineage cells, the regulatory events that influence FOXO function focusing mainly on post-translational modifications, and consider the potential for future development of therapies that target FOXO activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Alison M. Michie
- Paul O’Gorman Leukaemia Research Centre, School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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15
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Zhu QY, He ZM, Cao WM, Li B. The role of TSC2 in breast cancer: a literature review. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1188371. [PMID: 37251941 PMCID: PMC10213421 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1188371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
TSC2 is a tumor suppressor gene as well as a disease-causing gene for autosomal dominant disorder tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC). Research has found that some tumor tissues have lower TSC2 expression levels than normal tissues. Furthermore, low expression of TSC2 is associated with poor prognosis in breast cancer. TSC2 acts as a convergence point of a complex network of signaling pathways and receives signals from the PI3K, AMPK, MAPK, and WNT pathways. It also regulates cellular metabolism and autophagy through inhibition of a mechanistic target of rapamycin complex, which are processes relevant to the progression, treatment, and prognosis of breast cancer. In-depth study of TSC2 functions provides significant guidance for clinical applications in breast cancer, including improving the treatment efficacy, overcoming drug resistance, and predicting prognosis. In this review, protein structure and biological functions of TSC2 were described and recent advances in TSC2 research in different molecular subtypes of breast cancer were summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao-Yan Zhu
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine (ICBM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhe-Min He
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine (ICBM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wen-Ming Cao
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine (ICBM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bei Li
- Department of Geriatric, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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16
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Li W, Yan J, Tian H, Li B, Wang G, Sang W, Zhang Z, Zhang X, Dai Y. A platinum@polymer-catechol nanobraker enables radio-immunotherapy for crippling melanoma tumorigenesis, angiogenesis, and radioresistance. Bioact Mater 2023; 22:34-46. [PMID: 36203954 PMCID: PMC9513621 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Wenxi Li
- Cancer Centre and Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, 999078, China
- MOE Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Macau SAR, 999078, China
| | - Jie Yan
- Cancer Centre and Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, 999078, China
- MOE Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Macau SAR, 999078, China
| | - Hao Tian
- Cancer Centre and Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, 999078, China
- MOE Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Macau SAR, 999078, China
| | - Bei Li
- Cancer Centre and Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, 999078, China
- MOE Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Macau SAR, 999078, China
| | - Guohao Wang
- Cancer Centre and Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, 999078, China
- MOE Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Macau SAR, 999078, China
| | - Wei Sang
- Cancer Centre and Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, 999078, China
- MOE Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Macau SAR, 999078, China
| | - Zhan Zhang
- Cancer Centre and Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, 999078, China
- MOE Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Macau SAR, 999078, China
| | - Xuanjun Zhang
- Cancer Centre and Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, 999078, China
- MOE Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Macau SAR, 999078, China
| | - Yunlu Dai
- Cancer Centre and Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, 999078, China
- MOE Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Macau SAR, 999078, China
- Corresponding author. Cancer Centre and Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, 999078, China.
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17
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Xu A, Liu M, Huang MF, Zhang Y, Hu R, Gingold JA, Liu Y, Zhu D, Chien CS, Wang WC, Liao Z, Yuan F, Hsu CW, Tu J, Yu Y, Rosen T, Xiong F, Jia P, Yang YP, Bazer DA, Chen YW, Li W, Huff CD, Zhu JJ, Aguilo F, Chiou SH, Boles NC, Lai CC, Hung MC, Zhao Z, Van Nostrand EL, Zhao R, Lee DF. Rewired m 6A epitranscriptomic networks link mutant p53 to neoplastic transformation. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1694. [PMID: 36973285 PMCID: PMC10042811 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37398-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
N6-methyladenosine (m6A), one of the most prevalent mRNA modifications in eukaryotes, plays a critical role in modulating both biological and pathological processes. However, it is unknown whether mutant p53 neomorphic oncogenic functions exploit dysregulation of m6A epitranscriptomic networks. Here, we investigate Li-Fraumeni syndrome (LFS)-associated neoplastic transformation driven by mutant p53 in iPSC-derived astrocytes, the cell-of-origin of gliomas. We find that mutant p53 but not wild-type (WT) p53 physically interacts with SVIL to recruit the H3K4me3 methyltransferase MLL1 to activate the expression of m6A reader YTHDF2, culminating in an oncogenic phenotype. Aberrant YTHDF2 upregulation markedly hampers expression of multiple m6A-marked tumor-suppressing transcripts, including CDKN2B and SPOCK2, and induces oncogenic reprogramming. Mutant p53 neoplastic behaviors are significantly impaired by genetic depletion of YTHDF2 or by pharmacological inhibition using MLL1 complex inhibitors. Our study reveals how mutant p53 hijacks epigenetic and epitranscriptomic machinery to initiate gliomagenesis and suggests potential treatment strategies for LFS gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- An Xu
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Mo Liu
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Mo-Fan Huang
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Houston Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Yang Zhang
- College of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Ruifeng Hu
- Center for Precision Health, School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Julian A Gingold
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Women's Health, Einstein/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Dandan Zhu
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Chian-Shiu Chien
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, 112, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 112, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chen Wang
- Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan
| | - Zian Liao
- Verna & Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology and Therapeutic Innovation Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Fei Yuan
- Verna & Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology and Therapeutic Innovation Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Chih-Wei Hsu
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jian Tu
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Yao Yu
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Taylor Rosen
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Feng Xiong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Peilin Jia
- Center for Precision Health, School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Yi-Ping Yang
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, 112, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 112, Taiwan
| | - Danielle A Bazer
- Department of Neurology, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Ya-Wen Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Institute for Airway Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Wenbo Li
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Houston Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Chad D Huff
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Houston Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jay-Jiguang Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Francesca Aguilo
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine (WCMM), Umea University, SE-901 85, Umea, Sweden
- Department of Molecular Biology, Umea University, SE-901 85, Umea, Sweden
| | - Shih-Hwa Chiou
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, 112, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 112, Taiwan
| | | | - Chien-Chen Lai
- Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan
- Graduate institute of Chinese Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
- Ph.D. Program in Translational Medicine and Rong Hsing Research Center for Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan
| | - Mien-Chie Hung
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences and Center for Molecular Medicine, and Office of the President, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, 413, Taiwan
| | - Zhongming Zhao
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Houston Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Center for Precision Health, School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Eric L Van Nostrand
- Verna & Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology and Therapeutic Innovation Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Ruiying Zhao
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Dung-Fang Lee
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Houston Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- Center for Precision Health, School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine for the Prevention of Human Diseases, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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18
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Ni C, Buszczak M. The homeostatic regulation of ribosome biogenesis. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2023; 136:13-26. [PMID: 35440410 PMCID: PMC9569395 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2022.03.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The continued integrity of biological systems depends on a balance between interdependent elements at the molecular, cellular, and organismal levels. This is particularly true for the generation of ribosomes, which influence almost every aspect of cell and organismal biology. Ribosome biogenesis (RiBi) is an energetically demanding process that involves all three RNA polymerases, numerous RNA processing factors, chaperones, and the coordinated expression of 79-80 ribosomal proteins (r-proteins). Work over the last several decades has revealed that the dynamic regulation of ribosome production represents a major mechanism by which cells maintain homeostasis in response to changing environmental conditions and acute stress. More recent studies suggest that cells and tissues within multicellular organisms exhibit dramatically different levels of ribosome production and protein synthesis, marked by the differential expression of RiBi factors. Thus, distinct bottlenecks in the RiBi process, downstream of rRNA transcription, may exist within different cell populations of multicellular organisms during development and in adulthood. This review will focus on our current understanding of the mechanisms that link the complex molecular process of ribosome biogenesis with cellular and organismal physiology. We will discuss diverse topics including how different steps in the RiBi process are coordinated with one another, how MYC and mTOR impact RiBi, and how RiBi levels change between stem cells and their differentiated progeny. In turn, we will also review how regulated changes in ribosome production itself can feedback to influence cell fate and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyang Ni
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9148, USA
| | - Michael Buszczak
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9148, USA.
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19
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H’ng CH, Khaladkar A, Rosello-Diez A. Look who's TORking: mTOR-mediated integration of cell status and external signals during limb development and endochondral bone growth. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1153473. [PMID: 37152288 PMCID: PMC10154674 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1153473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The balance of cell proliferation and size is key for the control of organ development and repair. Moreover, this balance has to be coordinated within tissues and between tissues to achieve robustness in the organ's pattern and size. The tetrapod limb has been used to study these topics during development and repair, and several conserved pathways have emerged. Among them, mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling, despite being active in several cell types and developmental stages, is one of the least understood in limb development, perhaps because of its multiple potential roles and interactions with other pathways. In the body of this review, we have collated and integrated what is known about the role of mTOR signaling in three aspects of tetrapod limb development: 1) limb outgrowth; 2) chondrocyte differentiation after mesenchymal condensation and 3) endochondral ossification-driven longitudinal bone growth. We conclude that, given its ability to interact with the most common signaling pathways, its presence in multiple cell types, and its ability to influence cell proliferation, size and differentiation, the mTOR pathway is a critical integrator of external stimuli and internal status, coordinating developmental transitions as complex as those taking place during limb development. This suggests that the study of the signaling pathways and transcription factors involved in limb patterning, morphogenesis and growth could benefit from probing the interaction of these pathways with mTOR components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chee Ho H’ng
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Ashwini Khaladkar
- Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - Alberto Rosello-Diez
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Alberto Rosello-Diez, ,
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20
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Backe SJ, Woodford MR, Ahanin E, Sager RA, Bourboulia D, Mollapour M. Impact of Co-chaperones and Posttranslational Modifications Toward Hsp90 Drug Sensitivity. Subcell Biochem 2023; 101:319-350. [PMID: 36520312 PMCID: PMC10077965 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-14740-1_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Posttranslational modifications (PTMs) regulate myriad cellular processes by modulating protein function and protein-protein interaction. Heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) is an ATP-dependent molecular chaperone whose activity is responsible for the stabilization and maturation of more than 300 client proteins. Hsp90 is a substrate for numerous PTMs, which have diverse effects on Hsp90 function. Interestingly, many Hsp90 clients are enzymes that catalyze PTM, demonstrating one of the several modes of regulation of Hsp90 activity. Approximately 25 co-chaperone regulatory proteins of Hsp90 impact structural rearrangements, ATP hydrolysis, and client interaction, representing a second layer of influence on Hsp90 activity. A growing body of literature has also established that PTM of these co-chaperones fine-tune their activity toward Hsp90; however, many of the identified PTMs remain uncharacterized. Given the critical role of Hsp90 in supporting signaling in cancer, clinical evaluation of Hsp90 inhibitors is an area of great interest. Interestingly, differential PTM and co-chaperone interaction have been shown to impact Hsp90 binding to its inhibitors. Therefore, understanding these layers of Hsp90 regulation will provide a more complete understanding of the chaperone code, facilitating the development of new biomarkers and combination therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J Backe
- Department of Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA.,Upstate Cancer Center, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Mark R Woodford
- Department of Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA.,Upstate Cancer Center, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Elham Ahanin
- Department of Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA.,Upstate Cancer Center, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Rebecca A Sager
- Department of Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA.,Upstate Cancer Center, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Dimitra Bourboulia
- Department of Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA.,Upstate Cancer Center, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Mehdi Mollapour
- Department of Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA. .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA. .,Upstate Cancer Center, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA.
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21
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Wang W, Zhang Z, Zhao M, Wang Y, Ge Y, Shan L. Zinc-finger protein CXXC5 promotes breast carcinogenesis by regulating the TSC1/mTOR signaling pathway. J Biol Chem 2022; 299:102812. [PMID: 36539038 PMCID: PMC9860500 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
CXXC5, a member of the CXXC family of zinc-finger proteins, is associated with numerous pathological processes. However, the pathophysiological function of CXXC5 has not been clearly established. Herein, we found that CXXC5 interacts with the CRL4B and NuRD complexes. Screening of transcriptional targets downstream of the CXXC5-CRL4B-NuRD complex by next-generation sequencing (chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing) revealed that the complex regulates the transcriptional repression process of a cohort of genes, including TSC1 (tuberous sclerosis complex subunit 1), which play important roles in cell growth and mammalian target of rapamycin signaling pathway regulation, and whose abnormal regulation results in the activation of programmed cell death-ligand protein 1 (PD-L1). Intriguingly, CXXC5 expression increased after stimulation with vitamin B2 but decreased after vitamin D treatment. We also found that the CXXC5-CRL4B-NuRD complex promotes the proliferation of tumor cells in vitro and accelerates the growth of breast cancer in vivo. The expression of CXXC5, CUL4B, and MTA1 increased during the occurrence and development of breast cancer, and correspondingly, TSC1 expression decreased. Meanwhile, a high expression of CXXC5 was positively correlated with the histological grade of high malignancy and poor survival of patients. In conclusion, our study revealed that CXXC5-mediated TSC1 suppression activates the mammalian target of rapamycin pathway, reduces autophagic cell death, induces PD-L1-mediated immune suppression, and results in tumor development, shedding light on the mechanism of the pathophysiological function of CXXC5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjuan Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaohan Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Minghui Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuze Ge
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Shan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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22
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Mitochondrial function and nutrient sensing pathways in ageing: enhancing longevity through dietary interventions. Biogerontology 2022; 23:657-680. [PMID: 35842501 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-022-09978-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ageing is accompanied by alterations in several biochemical processes, highly influenced by its environment. It is controlled by the interactions at various levels of biological hierarchy. To maintain homeostasis, a number of nutrient sensors respond to the nutritional status of the cell and control its energy metabolism. Mitochondrial physiology is influenced by the energy status of the cell. The alterations in mitochondrial physiology and the network of nutrient sensors result in mitochondrial damage leading to age related metabolic degeneration and diseases. Calorie restriction (CR) has proved to be as the most successful intervention to achieve the goal of longevity and healthspan. CR elicits a hormetic response and regulates metabolism by modulating these networks. In this review, the authors summarize the interdependent relationship between mitochondrial physiology and nutrient sensors during the ageing process and their role in regulating metabolism.
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23
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Kamble VS, Pachpor TA, Khandagale SB, Wagh VV, Khare SP. Translation initiation and dysregulation of initiation factors in rare diseases. GENE REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2022.101738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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24
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Targeting mTOR as a Cancer Therapy: Recent Advances in Natural Bioactive Compounds and Immunotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14225520. [PMID: 36428613 PMCID: PMC9688668 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14225520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a highly conserved serine/threonine-protein kinase, which regulates many biological processes related to metabolism, cancer, immune function, and aging. It is an essential protein kinase that belongs to the phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K) family and has two known signaling complexes, mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) and mTOR complex 2 (mTORC2). Even though mTOR signaling plays a critical role in promoting mitochondria-related protein synthesis, suppressing the catabolic process of autophagy, contributing to lipid metabolism, engaging in ribosome formation, and acting as a critical regulator of mRNA translation, it remains one of the significant signaling systems involved in the tumor process, particularly in apoptosis, cell cycle, and cancer cell proliferation. Therefore, the mTOR signaling system could be suggested as a cancer biomarker, and its targeting is important in anti-tumor therapy research. Indeed, its dysregulation is involved in different types of cancers such as colon, neck, cervical, head, lung, breast, reproductive, and bone cancers, as well as nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Moreover, recent investigations showed that targeting mTOR could be considered as cancer therapy. Accordingly, this review presents an overview of recent developments associated with the mTOR signaling pathway and its molecular involvement in various human cancer types. It also summarizes the research progress of different mTOR inhibitors, including natural and synthetised compounds and their main mechanisms, as well as the rational combinations with immunotherapies.
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Yi YW, You KS, Han S, Ha IJ, Park JS, Lee SG, Seong YS. Inhibition of IκB Kinase Is a Potential Therapeutic Strategy to Circumvent Resistance to Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Inhibition in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:5215. [PMID: 36358633 PMCID: PMC9654813 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14215215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) remains as an intractable malignancy with limited therapeutic targets. High expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) has been associated with a poor prognosis of TNBC; however, EGFR targeting has failed with unfavorable clinical outcomes. Here, we performed a combinatorial screening of fifty-five protein kinase inhibitors with the EGFR inhibitor gefitinib in the TNBC cell line MDA-MB-231 and identified the IκB kinase (IKK) inhibitor IKK16 as a sensitizer of gefitinib. Cell viability and clonogenic survival assays were performed to evaluate the antiproliferative effects of the gefitinib and IKK16 (Gefitinib + IKK16) combination in TNBC cell lines. Western blot analyses were also performed to reveal the potential mode of action of this combination. In addition, next-generation sequencing (NGS) analysis was performed in Gefitinib+IKK16-treated cells. The Gefitinib+IKK16 treatment synergistically reduced cell viability and colony formation of TNBC cell lines such as HS578T, MDA-MB-231, and MDA-MB-468. This combination downregulated p-STAT3, p-AKT, p-mTOR, p-GSK3β, and p-RPS6. In addition, p-NF-κB and the total NF-κB were also regulated by this combination. Furthermore, NGS analysis revealed that NF-κB/RELA targets including CCL2, CXCL8, EDN1, IL-1β, IL-6, and SERPINE1 were further reduced and several potential tumor suppressors, such as FABP3, FADS2, FDFT1, SEMA6A, and PCK2, were synergistically induced by the Gefitinib-+IKK16 treatment. Taken together, we identified the IKK/NF-κB pathway as a potential target in combination of EGFR inhibition for treating TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Weon Yi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea
| | - Kyu Sic You
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea
- Graduate School of Convergence Medical Science, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea
| | - Sanghee Han
- Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - In Jin Ha
- Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Jeong-Soo Park
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea
| | - Seok-Geun Lee
- Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Yeon-Sun Seong
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea
- Graduate School of Convergence Medical Science, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea
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du Plessis M, Davis TA, Olivier DW, de Villiers WJS, Engelbrecht AM. A functional role for Serum Amyloid A in the molecular regulation of autophagy in breast cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1000925. [PMID: 36248994 PMCID: PMC9562844 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1000925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been established that the acute phase protein, Serum amyloid A (SAA), which is usually synthesized by the liver, is also synthesized by cancer cells and cancer-associated cells in the tumor microenvironment. SAA also activates modulators of autophagy, such as the PI3K/Akt and MAPK signaling pathways. However, the role of SAA in autophagy in breast cancer still remains to be elucidated. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of SAA in the regulation of signaling pathways and autophagy in in vitro and in vivo models of breast cancer. The MDA-MB-231 and MCF7 cell lines were transiently transfected to overexpress SAA1. A tumor-bearing SAA1/2 knockout mouse model was also utilized in this study. SAA1 overexpression activated ERK signaling in the MDA-MB-231 cells, downregulated the PI3K pathway protein, PKB/Akt, in the MCF7 cell line, while SAA1/2 knockout also inhibited Akt. Furthermore, SAA1 overexpression in vitro downregulated autophagy, while the expression of SQSTM1/p62 was increased in the MCF7 cells, and SAA1/2 knockout induced autophagy in vivo. SAA overexpression in the MDA-MB-231 and MCF7 cells resulted in an increase in cell viability and increased the expression of the proliferation marker, MCM2, in the MCF7 cells. Furthermore, knockout of SAA1/2 resulted in an altered inflammatory profile, evident in the decrease of plasma IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-10, while increasing the plasma levels of MCP-1 and TNF-α. Lastly, SAA1/2 knockout promoted resistance to apoptosis and necrosis through the regulation of autophagy. SAA thus regulates autophagy in breast cancer cells to promote tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisha du Plessis
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
- *Correspondence: Manisha du Plessis,
| | - Tanja Andrea Davis
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Daniel Wilhelm Olivier
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Willem Johan Simon de Villiers
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Anna-Mart Engelbrecht
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
- African Cancer Institute (ACI), Department of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
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Watanabe Y, Fukuda T, Hayashi C, Nakao Y, Toyoda M, Kawakami K, Shinjo T, Iwashita M, Yamato H, Yotsumoto K, Taketomi T, Uchiumi T, Sanui T, Nishimura F. Extracellular vesicles derived from GMSCs stimulated with TNF-α and IFN-α promote M2 macrophage polarization via enhanced CD73 and CD5L expression. Sci Rep 2022; 12:13344. [PMID: 35922474 PMCID: PMC9349189 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-17692-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunoregulatory properties of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) are promising. Gingival tissue-derived MSCs (GMSCs) have unique immunoregulatory capacity and secrete large amounts of EVs. Recent findings suggest that priming MSCs with inflammatory stimuli is an effective strategy for cell-free therapy. However, the precise mechanism by which the contents of EVs are customized has not been fully elucidated. Here, we show that EVs derived from GMSCs primed with a combination of two pro-inflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interferon-α (IFN-α), synergistically promote anti-inflammatory M2 macrophage polarization by increasing the expression of cluster of differentiation 73 (CD73) and CD5 molecule-like (CD5L). Expression of CD73 by TNF-α/IFN-α stimulation was transcriptionally upregulated by the activation of mammalian target of rapamycin signaling and nuclear translocation of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α in GMSCs. TNF-α/IFN-α treatment also significantly increased the expression of CD5L mRNA via the transcription factor DNA-binding protein inhibitor ID3 and liver X receptor. Interestingly, exosomal CD5L is a prerequisite for the synergistic effect of EVs-mediated M2 macrophage polarization. These results indicate that combined pre-licensing with TNF-α and IFN-α in GMSCs is ideal for enhancing the anti-inflammatory function of EVs, which contributes to the establishment of a therapeutic tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukari Watanabe
- Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Takao Fukuda
- Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
| | - Chikako Hayashi
- Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yuki Nakao
- Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Masaaki Toyoda
- Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Kentaro Kawakami
- Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Takanori Shinjo
- Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Misaki Iwashita
- Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Yamato
- Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Karen Yotsumoto
- Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Takaharu Taketomi
- Department of Dental and Oral Surgery, St. Mary's Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takeshi Uchiumi
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Terukazu Sanui
- Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
| | - Fusanori Nishimura
- Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
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28
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Beyond controlling cell size: functional analyses of S6K in tumorigenesis. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:646. [PMID: 35879299 PMCID: PMC9314331 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05081-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
As a substrate and major effector of the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1), the biological functions of ribosomal protein S6 kinase (S6K) have been canonically assigned for cell size control by facilitating mRNA transcription, splicing, and protein synthesis. However, accumulating evidence implies that diverse stimuli and upstream regulators modulate S6K kinase activity, leading to the activation of a plethora of downstream substrates for distinct pathobiological functions. Beyond controlling cell size, S6K simultaneously plays crucial roles in directing cell apoptosis, metabolism, and feedback regulation of its upstream signals. Thus, we comprehensively summarize the emerging upstream regulators, downstream substrates, mouse models, clinical relevance, and candidate inhibitors for S6K and shed light on S6K as a potential therapeutic target for cancers.
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Wu X, Sosunov AA, Lado W, Teoh JJ, Ham A, Li H, Al-Dalahmah O, Gill BJA, Arancio O, Schevon CA, Frankel WN, McKhann GM, Sulzer D, Goldman JE, Tang G. Synaptic hyperexcitability of cytomegalic pyramidal neurons contributes to epileptogenesis in tuberous sclerosis complex. Cell Rep 2022; 40:111085. [PMID: 35858542 PMCID: PMC9376014 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a developmental disorder associated with epilepsy, autism, and cognitive impairment. Despite inactivating mutations in the TSC1 or TSC2 genes and hyperactive mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling, the mechanisms underlying TSC-associated neurological symptoms remain incompletely understood. Here we generate a Tsc1 conditional knockout (CKO) mouse model in which Tsc1 inactivation in late embryonic radial glia causes social and cognitive impairment and spontaneous seizures. Tsc1 depletion occurs in a subset of layer 2/3 cortical pyramidal neurons, leading to development of cytomegalic pyramidal neurons (CPNs) that mimic dysplastic neurons in human TSC, featuring abnormal dendritic and axonal overgrowth, enhanced glutamatergic synaptic transmission, and increased susceptibility to seizure-like activities. We provide evidence that enhanced synaptic excitation in CPNs contributes to cortical hyperexcitability and epileptogenesis. In contrast, astrocytic regulation of synapse formation and synaptic transmission remains unchanged after late embryonic radial glial Tsc1 inactivation, and astrogliosis evolves secondary to seizures. Wu et al. demonstrate that Tsc1 inactivation in late embryonic radial glial cells (RGCs) produces cytomegalic pyramidal neurons that mimic TSC-like dysplastic neurons. They find that enhanced excitatory synaptic transmission in Tsc1-null cytomegalic pyramidal neurons contributes to cortical hyperexcitability and epileptogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Wu
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Alexander A Sosunov
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Wudu Lado
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Jia Jie Teoh
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Ahrom Ham
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Hongyu Li
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Osama Al-Dalahmah
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Brian J A Gill
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Ottavio Arancio
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; The Taub Institute, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Catherine A Schevon
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Wayne N Frankel
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Guy M McKhann
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - David Sulzer
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - James E Goldman
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; The Taub Institute, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Guomei Tang
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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Cuadrado-Payán E, Diekmann F, Cucchiari D. Medical Aspects of mTOR Inhibition in Kidney Transplantation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147707. [PMID: 35887051 PMCID: PMC9322634 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The advances in transplant immunosuppression have reduced substantially the incidence of kidney graft rejection. In recent years, the focus has moved from preventing rejection to preventing the long-term consequences of long-standing immunosuppression, including nephrotoxicity induced by calcineurin inhibitors (CNI), as well as infectious and neoplastic complications. Since the appearance in the late 1990s of mTOR inhibitors (mTORi), these unmet needs in immunosuppression management could be addressed thanks to their benefits (reduced rate of viral infections and cancer). However, management of side effects can be troublesome and hands-on experience is needed. Here, we review all the available information about them. Thanks to all the basic, translational and clinical research achieved in the last twenty years, we now use mTORi as de novo immunosuppression in association with CNI. Another possibility is represented by the conversion of either CNI or mycophenolate (MPA) to an mTORi later on after transplantation in low-risk kidney transplant recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Cuadrado-Payán
- Department of Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation, Hospital Clínic, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (E.C.-P.); (F.D.)
| | - Fritz Diekmann
- Department of Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation, Hospital Clínic, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (E.C.-P.); (F.D.)
- Laboratori Experimental de Nefrologia i Trasplantament (LENIT), Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Red de Investigación Renal (REDINREN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - David Cucchiari
- Department of Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation, Hospital Clínic, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (E.C.-P.); (F.D.)
- Laboratori Experimental de Nefrologia i Trasplantament (LENIT), Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-932-2744103474
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Yang XY, Wang YY, Zhou YP, He J, Mei MJ, Zhang MN, Wang B, Zhou WJ, Luo MH, Wang QH, Li ZY, Xu Y, Lu Q, Zou LP. Postnatal Cytomegalovirus Infection May Increase the Susceptibility of Tuberous Sclerosis Complex to Autism Spectrum Disorders. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0186421. [PMID: 35467404 PMCID: PMC9241718 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01864-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD), a highly hereditary and heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorder, is influenced by genetic and environmental factors. Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a common syndrome associated with ASD. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is an environmental risk factor for ASD. The similarities in pathological and mechanistic pathways of TSC and CMV intrigued us to investigate whether CMV and TSC interacted in ASD's occurrence. We detected CMV IgG seroprevalence of 308 TSC patients from our prospective cohort (September 2011 to March 2021) and 93 healthy children by magnetic particle indirect chemiluminescence immunoassay. A total of 206 TSC patients enrolled were divided into ASD and non-ASD groups, and the relationship between ASD and CMV seroprevalence was analyzed. Nested PCR and Western blot were used to detect CMV DNAs and proteins in cortical malformations of seven TSC patients with and without ASD. No difference was found in CMV seroprevalence between TSC patients and healthy children (74.0% versus 72.0%, P = 0.704). Univariate analysis showed the seroprevalence in TSC patients with ASD was higher than that in TSC patients without ASD (89.2% versus 75.1%, P = 0.063), and multifactorial analysis showed that CMV seroprevalence was a risk factor for ASD in TSC patients (OR = 3.976, 95% CI = 1.093 to 14.454). Moreover, CMV was more likely to be detected in the cortical malformations in TSC patients with ASD but not in those without ASD. The findings demonstrated that CMV may increase the susceptibility of TSC to ASD. IMPORTANCE CMV is an environmental risk factor for ASD, but its role in syndromic autism with known genetic etiology has been rarely studied. The pathogenesis of ASD is related to the interaction between environmental and genetic factors. This study demonstrated that CMV can contribute to the occurrence of ASD related to TSC, a common genetic syndrome associated with ASD. Our findings provided support for the theory of gene-environment interaction (G × E) in pathogenesis of ASD and a new perspective for the prevention and therapy for TSC related ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yan Yang
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
- Faculty of Pediatrics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yang-Yang Wang
- Faculty of Pediatrics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yue-Peng Zhou
- Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing He
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yuquan Hospital of Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Meng-Jie Mei
- Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Meng-Na Zhang
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
- Faculty of Pediatrics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of the Outpatients, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wen-Jing Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yuquan Hospital of Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Min-Hua Luo
- Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiu-Hong Wang
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
- Faculty of Pediatrics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhong-Yuan Li
- Faculty of Pediatrics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, The Fourth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Xu
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
- Faculty of Pediatrics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Lu
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
- Faculty of Pediatrics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Ping Zou
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
- Faculty of Pediatrics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Center for Brain Disorders Research, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Yue S, Li G, He S, Li T. The central role of mTORC1 in amino acid sensing. Cancer Res 2022; 82:2964-2974. [PMID: 35749594 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-21-4403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a master regulator of cell growth that controls cell homeostasis in response to nutrients, growth factors, and other environmental cues. Recent studies have emphasized the importance of lysosomes as a hub for nutrient sensing, especially amino acid sensing by mTORC1. This review highlights recent advances in understanding the amino acid-mTORC1 signaling axis and the role of mTORC1 in cancer.
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Rana S, Kour S, Kizhake S, King HM, Mallareddy JR, Case AJ, Huxford T, Natarajan A. Dimers of isatin derived α-methylene-γ-butyrolactone as potent anti-cancer agents. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2022; 65:128713. [PMID: 35367592 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2022.128713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The IKK-NFκB complex is a key signaling node that facilitates activation of gene expression in response to extracellular signals. The kinase IKKβ and the transcription factor RELA have been targeted by covalent modifiers that bind to surface exposed cysteine residues. A common feature in well characterized covalent modifiers of RELA and IKKβ is the Michael acceptor containing α-methylene-γ-butyrolactone functionality. Through synthesis and evaluation of a focused set of α-methylene-γ-butyrolactone containing spirocyclic dimers (SpiDs) we identified SpiD3 as an anticancer agent with low nanomolar potency. Using cell-free and cell-based studies we show that SpiD3 is a covalent modifier that generates stable RELA containing high molecular weight complexes. SpiD3 inhibits TNFα-induced IκBα phosphorylation resulting in the blockade of RELA nuclear translocation. SpiD3 induces apoptosis, inhibits colony formation and migration of cancer cells. The NCI-60 cell line screen revealed that SpiD3 potently inhibits growth of leukemia cell lines, making it a suitable pre-therapeutic lead for hematological malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Rana
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, United States.
| | - Smit Kour
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, United States
| | - Smitha Kizhake
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, United States
| | - Hannah M King
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, United States
| | - Jayapal Reddy Mallareddy
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, United States
| | - Adam J Case
- Departments of Cellular & Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, United States
| | - Tom Huxford
- Structural Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, United States
| | - Amarnath Natarajan
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, United States; Departments of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, United States; Departments of Genetics Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, United States; Departments of Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, United States.
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Wang G, Chen L, Qin S, Zhang T, Yao J, Yi Y, Deng L. Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 1: From a Nutrient Sensor to a Key Regulator of Metabolism and Health. Adv Nutr 2022; 13:1882-1900. [PMID: 35561748 PMCID: PMC9526850 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmac055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) is a multi-protein complex widely found in eukaryotes. It serves as a central signaling node to coordinate cell growth and metabolism by sensing diverse extracellular and intracellular inputs, including amino acid-, growth factor-, glucose-, and nucleotide-related signals. It is well documented that mTORC1 is recruited to the lysosomal surface, where it is activated and, accordingly, modulates downstream effectors involved in regulating protein, lipid, and glucose metabolism. mTORC1 is thus the central node for coordinating the storage and mobilization of nutrients and energy across various tissues. However, emerging evidence indicated that the overactivation of mTORC1 induced by nutritional disorders leads to the occurrence of a variety of metabolic diseases, including obesity and type 2 diabetes, as well as cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, and aging. That the mTORC1 pathway plays a crucial role in regulating the occurrence of metabolic diseases renders it a prime target for the development of effective therapeutic strategies. Here, we focus on recent advances in our understanding of the regulatory mechanisms underlying how mTORC1 integrates metabolic inputs as well as the role of mTORC1 in the regulation of nutritional and metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoyan Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Division of Laboratory Safety and Services, Northwest A&F University, Yangling Shaanxi, China
| | - Senlin Qin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Junhu Yao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yanglei Yi
- Address correspondence to YLY (e-mail: )
| | - Lu Deng
- Address correspondence to LD (e-mail: )
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Study on the Expression Profile of Autophagy-Related Genes in Colon Adenocarcinoma. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2022; 2022:7525048. [PMID: 35572821 PMCID: PMC9095386 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7525048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) is a common digestive tract tumor. Autophagy-related genes (ARGs) may play an obbligato role in the biological processes of COAD. This study was aimed at exploring the role of ARGs in COAD. Clinical data and RNA sequencing data of tumor and healthy samples were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), and discrepantly expressed ARGs were screened. Statistical differences of ARGs were performed with Gene Ontology (GO) functional annotation and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis. Eight ARGs were selected by univariate Cox and multivariate Cox regression. Kaplan–Meier (K-M) and multivariate receiver operating characteristic (multi-ROC) were used to check the fitness of the model. Among 398 COAD samples and 39 normal samples obtained from the TCGA database, 37 differentially expressed ARGs were screened. In the training group, eight prognostics-related ARGs (MTMR14, VAMP3, HSPA8, TSC1, DAPK1, CX3CL1, ATG13, and MAP1LC3C) were identified by Cox regression. A gene signature risk prediction model was constructed base on 8 autophagy-related genes. The survival time of the low-risk group was longer than the high-risk group, and the AUC of the model was 0.794. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that age and riskscore were the independent predictor. In conclusion, the prognosis model we built based one ARGs of COAD patients can estimate the prognosis of patients in clinical treatment.
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Napoleon JV, Sagar S, Kubica SP, Boghean L, Kour S, King HM, Sonawane YA, Crawford AJ, Gautam N, Kizhake S, Bialk PA, Kmiec E, Mallareddy JR, Patil PP, Rana S, Singh S, Prahlad J, Grandgenett PM, Borgstahl GEO, Ghosal G, Alnouti Y, Hollingsworth MA, Radhakrishnan P, Natarajan A. Small-molecule IKKβ activation modulator (IKAM) targets MAP3K1 and inhibits pancreatic tumor growth. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2115071119. [PMID: 35476515 PMCID: PMC9170026 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2115071119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of inhibitor of nuclear factor NF-κB kinase subunit-β (IKKβ), characterized by phosphorylation of activation loop serine residues 177 and 181, has been implicated in the early onset of cancer. On the other hand, tissue-specific IKKβ knockout in Kras mutation-driven mouse models stalled the disease in the precancerous stage. In this study, we used cell line models, tumor growth studies, and patient samples to assess the role of IKKβ and its activation in cancer. We also conducted a hit-to-lead optimization study that led to the identification of 39-100 as a selective mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase (MAP3K) 1 inhibitor. We show that IKKβ is not required for growth of Kras mutant pancreatic cancer (PC) cells but is critical for PC tumor growth in mice. We also observed elevated basal levels of activated IKKβ in PC cell lines, PC patient-derived tumors, and liver metastases, implicating it in disease onset and progression. Optimization of an ATP noncompetitive IKKβ inhibitor resulted in the identification of 39-100, an orally bioavailable inhibitor with improved potency and pharmacokinetic properties. The compound 39-100 did not inhibit IKKβ but inhibited the IKKβ kinase MAP3K1 with low-micromolar potency. MAP3K1-mediated IKKβ phosphorylation was inhibited by 39-100, thus we termed it IKKβ activation modulator (IKAM) 1. In PC models, IKAM-1 reduced activated IKKβ levels, inhibited tumor growth, and reduced metastasis. Our findings suggests that MAP3K1-mediated IKKβ activation contributes to KRAS mutation-associated PC growth and IKAM-1 is a viable pretherapeutic lead that targets this pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Victor Napoleon
- Eppley Institute for Cancer Research, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198
| | - Satish Sagar
- Eppley Institute for Cancer Research, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198
| | - Sydney P. Kubica
- Eppley Institute for Cancer Research, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198
| | - Lidia Boghean
- Eppley Institute for Cancer Research, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198
| | - Smit Kour
- Eppley Institute for Cancer Research, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198
| | - Hannah M. King
- Eppley Institute for Cancer Research, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198
| | - Yogesh A. Sonawane
- Eppley Institute for Cancer Research, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198
| | - Ayrianne J. Crawford
- Eppley Institute for Cancer Research, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198
| | - Nagsen Gautam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198
| | - Smitha Kizhake
- Eppley Institute for Cancer Research, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198
| | - Pawel A. Bialk
- Gene Editing Institute, Christiana Care, Newark, DE 19713
| | - Eric Kmiec
- Gene Editing Institute, Christiana Care, Newark, DE 19713
| | | | - Prathamesh P. Patil
- Eppley Institute for Cancer Research, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198
| | - Sandeep Rana
- Eppley Institute for Cancer Research, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198
| | - Sarbjit Singh
- Eppley Institute for Cancer Research, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198
| | - Janani Prahlad
- Eppley Institute for Cancer Research, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198
| | - Paul M. Grandgenett
- Eppley Institute for Cancer Research, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198
| | - Gloria E. O. Borgstahl
- Eppley Institute for Cancer Research, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198
| | - Gargi Ghosal
- Department of Genetics Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198
| | - Yazen Alnouti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198
| | - Michael A. Hollingsworth
- Eppley Institute for Cancer Research, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198
- Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198
| | - Prakash Radhakrishnan
- Eppley Institute for Cancer Research, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198
- Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198
| | - Amarnath Natarajan
- Eppley Institute for Cancer Research, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198
- Department of Genetics Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198
- Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198
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The potential of emerging sub-omics technologies for CHO cell engineering. Biotechnol Adv 2022; 59:107978. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2022.107978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Melick CH, Lama-Sherpa TD, Curukovic A, Jewell JL. G-Protein Coupled Receptor Signaling and Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Complex 1 Regulation. Mol Pharmacol 2022; 101:181-190. [PMID: 34965982 PMCID: PMC9092479 DOI: 10.1124/molpharm.121.000302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) senses upstream stimuli to regulate numerous cellular functions such as metabolism, growth, and autophagy. Increased activation of mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) is typically observed in human disease and continues to be an important therapeutic target. Understanding the upstream regulators of mTORC1 will provide a crucial link in targeting hyperactivated mTORC1 in human disease. In this mini-review, we will discuss the regulation of mTORC1 by upstream stimuli, with a specific focus on G-protein coupled receptor signaling to mTORC1. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: mTORC1 is a master regulator of many cellular processes and is often hyperactivated in human disease. Therefore, understanding the molecular underpinnings of G-protein coupled receptor signaling to mTORC1 will undoubtedly be beneficial for human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chase H Melick
- Department of Molecular Biology, Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer, and Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Tshering D Lama-Sherpa
- Department of Molecular Biology, Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer, and Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Adna Curukovic
- Department of Molecular Biology, Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer, and Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Jenna L Jewell
- Department of Molecular Biology, Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer, and Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
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Kim YJ, Lee S, Jin J, Woo H, Choi YK, Park KG. Cassiaside C Inhibits M1 Polarization of Macrophages by Downregulating Glycolysis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:1696. [PMID: 35163619 PMCID: PMC8835843 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Classically activated M1 macrophages reprogram their metabolism towards enhanced glycolysis to obtain energy and produce pro-inflammatory cytokines after activation by mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) and hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α. Thus, a strategy that constrains M1 polarization of macrophages via downregulation of glycolysis is essential for treating chronic inflammatory diseases. Cassiae semen has pharmacological activity against various inflammatory diseases. However, it is unclear whether specific compounds within Cassia seeds affect M1 polarization of macrophages. Here, we investigated whether Cassiaside C napthopyrone from Cassiae semen inhibits M1 polarization by downregulating glycolysis. We found that Cassiaside C reduced expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 and the phosphorylation of nuclear factor kappa B, all of which are upregulated in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/interferon (IFN)-γ-treated Raw264.7 cells and peritoneal macrophages. Moreover, Cassiaside C-treated macrophages showed marked suppression of LPS/IFN-γ-induced HIF-1α, pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1, and lactate dehydrogenase A expression, along with downregulation of the phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3K)/AKT/mTORC1 signaling pathway. Consequently, Cassiaside C attenuated enhanced glycolysis and lactate production, but rescued diminished oxidative phosphorylation, in M1 polarized macrophages. Thus, Cassiaside C dampens M1 polarization of macrophages by downregulating glycolysis, which could be exploited as a therapeutic strategy for chronic inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Jin Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41944, Korea; (Y.J.K.); (J.J.); (H.W.)
- Research Institute of Aging and Metabolism, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Sungwoo Lee
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, Korea;
| | - Jonghwa Jin
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41944, Korea; (Y.J.K.); (J.J.); (H.W.)
| | - Hyein Woo
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41944, Korea; (Y.J.K.); (J.J.); (H.W.)
| | - Yeon-Kyung Choi
- Research Institute of Aging and Metabolism, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, Daegu 41404, Korea
| | - Keun-Gyu Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41944, Korea; (Y.J.K.); (J.J.); (H.W.)
- Research Institute of Aging and Metabolism, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
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40
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Srebf1c preserves hematopoietic stem cell function and survival as a switch of mitochondrial metabolism. Stem Cell Reports 2022; 17:599-615. [PMID: 35148846 PMCID: PMC9039836 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2022.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are fundamental but complex determinants for hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) maintenance. However, the factors involved in the regulation of mitochondrial metabolism in HSCs and the underlying mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. Here, we identify sterol regulatory element binding factor-1c (Srebf1c) as a key factor in maintaining HSC biology under both steady-state and stress conditions. Srebf1c knockout (Srebf1c-/-) mice display increased phenotypic HSCs and less HSC quiescence. In addition, Srebf1c deletion compromises the function and survival of HSCs in competitive transplantation or following chemotherapy and irradiation. Mechanistically, SREBF1c restrains the excessive activation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling and mitochondrial metabolism in HSCs by regulating the expression of tuberous sclerosis complex 1 (Tsc1). Our study demonstrates that Srebf1c plays an important role in regulating HSC fate via the TSC1-mTOR-mitochondria axis.
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41
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Mechanisms contributing to adverse outcomes of COVID-19 in obesity. Mol Cell Biochem 2022; 477:1155-1193. [PMID: 35084674 PMCID: PMC8793096 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-022-04356-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A growing amount of epidemiological data from multiple countries indicate an increased prevalence of obesity, more importantly central obesity, among hospitalized subjects with COVID-19. This suggests that obesity is a major factor contributing to adverse outcome of the disease. As it is a metabolic disorder with dysregulated immune and endocrine function, it is logical that dysfunctional metabolism contributes to the mechanisms behind obesity being a risk factor for adverse outcome in COVID-19. Emerging data suggest that in obese subjects, (a) the molecular mechanisms of viral entry and spread mediated through ACE2 receptor, a multifunctional host cell protein which links to cellular homeostasis mechanisms, are affected. This includes perturbation of the physiological renin-angiotensin system pathway causing pro-inflammatory and pro-thrombotic challenges (b) existent metabolic overload and ER stress-induced UPR pathway make obese subjects vulnerable to severe COVID-19, (c) host cell response is altered involving reprogramming of metabolism and epigenetic mechanisms involving microRNAs in line with changes in obesity, and (d) adiposopathy with altered endocrine, adipokine, and cytokine profile contributes to altered immune cell metabolism, systemic inflammation, and vascular endothelial dysfunction, exacerbating COVID-19 pathology. In this review, we have examined the available literature on the underlying mechanisms contributing to obesity being a risk for adverse outcome in COVID-19.
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Chang CYY, Chiang AJ, Yan MJ, Lai MT, Su YY, Huang HY, Chang CY, Li YH, Li PF, Chen CM, Hwang T, Hogg C, Greaves E, Sheu JJC. Ribosome Biogenesis Serves as a Therapeutic Target for Treating Endometriosis and the Associated Complications. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10010185. [PMID: 35052864 PMCID: PMC8774031 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10010185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Ribosome biogenesis is a cellular process critical for protein homeostasis during cell growth and multiplication. Our previous study confirmed up-regulation of ribosome biogenesis during endometriosis progression and malignant transition, thus anti-ribosome biogenesis may be effective for treating endometriosis and the associated complications. A mouse model with human endometriosis features was established and treated with three different drugs that can block ribosome biogenesis, including inhibitors against mTOR/PI3K (GSK2126458) and RNA polymerase I (CX5461 and BMH21). The average lesion numbers and disease frequencies were significantly reduced in treated mice as compared to controls treated with vehicle. Flow cytometry analyses confirmed the reduction of small peritoneal macrophage and neutrophil populations with increased large versus small macrophage ratios, suggesting inflammation suppression by drug treatments. Lesions in treated mice also showed lower nerve fiber density which can support the finding of pain-relief by behavioral studies. Our study therefore suggested ribosome biogenesis as a potential therapeutic target for treating endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cherry Yin-Yi Chang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404332, Taiwan;
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404333, Taiwan
| | - An-Jen Chiang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 813414, Taiwan;
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804201, Taiwan; (M.-J.Y.); (Y.-Y.S.); (H.-Y.H.); (C.-Y.C.); (Y.-H.L.); (P.-F.L.); (T.H.)
| | - Man-Ju Yan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804201, Taiwan; (M.-J.Y.); (Y.-Y.S.); (H.-Y.H.); (C.-Y.C.); (Y.-H.L.); (P.-F.L.); (T.H.)
| | - Ming-Tsung Lai
- Department of Pathology, Taichung Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taichung 403301, Taiwan;
| | - Yun-Yi Su
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804201, Taiwan; (M.-J.Y.); (Y.-Y.S.); (H.-Y.H.); (C.-Y.C.); (Y.-H.L.); (P.-F.L.); (T.H.)
| | - Hsin-Yi Huang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804201, Taiwan; (M.-J.Y.); (Y.-Y.S.); (H.-Y.H.); (C.-Y.C.); (Y.-H.L.); (P.-F.L.); (T.H.)
| | - Chan-Yu Chang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804201, Taiwan; (M.-J.Y.); (Y.-Y.S.); (H.-Y.H.); (C.-Y.C.); (Y.-H.L.); (P.-F.L.); (T.H.)
| | - Ya-Hui Li
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804201, Taiwan; (M.-J.Y.); (Y.-Y.S.); (H.-Y.H.); (C.-Y.C.); (Y.-H.L.); (P.-F.L.); (T.H.)
| | - Pei-Fen Li
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804201, Taiwan; (M.-J.Y.); (Y.-Y.S.); (H.-Y.H.); (C.-Y.C.); (Y.-H.L.); (P.-F.L.); (T.H.)
| | - Chih-Mei Chen
- Human Genetic Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404332, Taiwan;
| | - Tritium Hwang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804201, Taiwan; (M.-J.Y.); (Y.-Y.S.); (H.-Y.H.); (C.-Y.C.); (Y.-H.L.); (P.-F.L.); (T.H.)
| | - Chloe Hogg
- Medical Research Council Centre for Reproductive Health, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK;
| | - Erin Greaves
- Centre for Early Life, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
- Correspondence: (E.G.); (J.J.-C.S.)
| | - Jim Jinn-Chyuan Sheu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804201, Taiwan; (M.-J.Y.); (Y.-Y.S.); (H.-Y.H.); (C.-Y.C.); (Y.-H.L.); (P.-F.L.); (T.H.)
- Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807378, Taiwan
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804201, Taiwan
- Institute of Precision Medicine, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804201, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (E.G.); (J.J.-C.S.)
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Kour S, Rana S, Kizhake S, Lagundžin D, Klinkebiel D, Mallareddy JR, Huxford T, Woods NT, Natarajan A. Stapling proteins in the RELA complex inhibits TNFα-induced nuclear translocation of RELA. RSC Chem Biol 2022; 3:32-36. [PMID: 35128406 PMCID: PMC8729175 DOI: 10.1039/d1cb00183c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) α-induced nuclear translocation of the NF-κB subunit RELA has been implicated in several pathological conditions. Here we report the discovery of a spirocyclic dimer (SpiD7) that covalently modifies RELA to inhibit TNFα-induced nuclear translocation. This is a previously unexplored strategy to inhibit TNFα-induced NF-κB activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smit Kour
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center Omaha, NE 68198 USA
| | - Sandeep Rana
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center Omaha, NE 68198 USA
| | - Smitha Kizhake
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center Omaha, NE 68198 USA
| | - Dragana Lagundžin
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center Omaha, NE 68198 USA
- Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Core Facility, University of Nebraska Medical Center Omaha, NE 68198 USA
| | - David Klinkebiel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center Omaha NE 68198 USA
| | - Jayapal Reddy Mallareddy
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center Omaha, NE 68198 USA
| | - Tom Huxford
- Structural Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, San Diego State University San Diego CA 92182 USA
| | - Nicholas T Woods
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center Omaha, NE 68198 USA
- Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center Omaha NE 68198 USA
| | - Amarnath Natarajan
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center Omaha, NE 68198 USA
- Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center Omaha NE 68198 USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center Omaha NE 68198 USA
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44
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Yi YW, You KS, Park JS, Lee SG, Seong YS. Ribosomal Protein S6: A Potential Therapeutic Target against Cancer? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010048. [PMID: 35008473 PMCID: PMC8744729 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ribosomal protein S6 (RPS6) is a component of the 40S small ribosomal subunit and participates in the control of mRNA translation. Additionally, phospho (p)-RPS6 has been recognized as a surrogate marker for the activated PI3K/AKT/mTORC1 pathway, which occurs in many cancer types. However, downstream mechanisms regulated by RPS6 or p-RPS remains elusive, and the therapeutic implication of RPS6 is underappreciated despite an approximately half a century history of research on this protein. In addition, substantial evidence from RPS6 knockdown experiments suggests the potential role of RPS6 in maintaining cancer cell proliferation. This motivates us to investigate the current knowledge of RPS6 functions in cancer. In this review article, we reviewed the current information about the transcriptional regulation, upstream regulators, and extra-ribosomal roles of RPS6, with a focus on its involvement in cancer. We also discussed the therapeutic potential of RPS6 in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Weon Yi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea; (Y.W.Y.); (K.S.Y.); (J.-S.P.)
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea
| | - Kyu Sic You
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea; (Y.W.Y.); (K.S.Y.); (J.-S.P.)
- Graduate School of Convergence Medical Science, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea
| | - Jeong-Soo Park
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea; (Y.W.Y.); (K.S.Y.); (J.-S.P.)
| | - Seok-Geun Lee
- Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
- Correspondence: (S.-G.L.); (Y.-S.S.); Tel.: +82-2-961-2355 (S.-G.L.); +82-41-550-3875 (Y.-S.S.); Fax: +82-2-961-9623 (S.-G.L.)
| | - Yeon-Sun Seong
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea; (Y.W.Y.); (K.S.Y.); (J.-S.P.)
- Graduate School of Convergence Medical Science, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea
- Correspondence: (S.-G.L.); (Y.-S.S.); Tel.: +82-2-961-2355 (S.-G.L.); +82-41-550-3875 (Y.-S.S.); Fax: +82-2-961-9623 (S.-G.L.)
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Veiga RN, de Oliveira JC, Gradia DF. PBX1: a key character of the hallmarks of cancer. J Mol Med (Berl) 2021; 99:1667-1680. [PMID: 34529123 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-021-02139-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Pre-B-cell leukemia homeobox transcription factor 1 (PBX1) was first identified as part of a fusion protein resulting from the chromosomal translocation t(1;19) in pre-B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemias. Since then, PBX1 has been associated with important developmental programs, and its expression dysregulation has been related to multifactorial disorders, including cancer. As PBX1 overexpression in many cancers is correlated to poor prognosis, we sought to understand how this transcription factor contributes to carcinogenesis, and to organize PBX1's roles in the hallmarks of cancer. There is enough evidence to associate PBX1 with at least five hallmarks: sustaining proliferative signaling, activating invasion and metastasis, inducing angiogenesis, resisting cell death, and deregulating cellular energetics. The lack of studies investigating a possible role for PBX1 on the remaining hallmarks made it impossible to defend or refute its contribution on them. However, the functions of some of the PBX1's transcription targets indicate a potential engagement of PBX1 in the avoidance of immune destruction and in the tumor-promoting inflammation hallmarks. Interestingly, PBX1 might be a player in tumor suppression by activating the transcription of some DNA damage response genes. This is the first review organizing PBX1 roles into the hallmarks of cancer. Thus, we encourage future studies to uncover the PBX1's underlying mechanisms to promote carcinogenesis, for it is a promising diagnostic and prognostic biomarker, as well as a potential target in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafaela Nasser Veiga
- Laboratory of Human Cytogenetics and Oncogenetics, Department of Genetics, Postgraduate Program in Genetics, Universidade Federal Do Paraná, Rua Coronel Francisco Heráclito Dos Santos, 100, Jardim das AméricasCuritiba, CEP, 81531-980, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline Carvalho de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Human Cytogenetics and Oncogenetics, Department of Genetics, Postgraduate Program in Genetics, Universidade Federal Do Paraná, Rua Coronel Francisco Heráclito Dos Santos, 100, Jardim das AméricasCuritiba, CEP, 81531-980, Brazil
| | - Daniela Fiori Gradia
- Laboratory of Human Cytogenetics and Oncogenetics, Department of Genetics, Postgraduate Program in Genetics, Universidade Federal Do Paraná, Rua Coronel Francisco Heráclito Dos Santos, 100, Jardim das AméricasCuritiba, CEP, 81531-980, Brazil.
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Jewell BE, Xu A, Zhu D, Huang MF, Lu L, Liu M, Underwood EL, Park JH, Fan H, Gingold JA, Zhou R, Tu J, Huo Z, Liu Y, Jin W, Chen YH, Xu Y, Chen SH, Rainusso N, Berg NK, Bazer DA, Vellano C, Jones P, Eltzschig HK, Zhao Z, Kaipparettu BA, Zhao R, Wang LL, Lee DF. Patient-derived iPSCs link elevated mitochondrial respiratory complex I function to osteosarcoma in Rothmund-Thomson syndrome. PLoS Genet 2021; 17:e1009971. [PMID: 34965247 PMCID: PMC8716051 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Rothmund-Thomson syndrome (RTS) is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder characterized by poikiloderma, small stature, skeletal anomalies, sparse brows/lashes, cataracts, and predisposition to cancer. Type 2 RTS patients with biallelic RECQL4 pathogenic variants have multiple skeletal anomalies and a significantly increased incidence of osteosarcoma. Here, we generated RTS patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) to dissect the pathological signaling leading to RTS patient-associated osteosarcoma. RTS iPSC-derived osteoblasts showed defective osteogenic differentiation and gain of in vitro tumorigenic ability. Transcriptome analysis of RTS osteoblasts validated decreased bone morphogenesis while revealing aberrantly upregulated mitochondrial respiratory complex I gene expression. RTS osteoblast metabolic assays demonstrated elevated mitochondrial respiratory complex I function, increased oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), and increased ATP production. Inhibition of mitochondrial respiratory complex I activity by IACS-010759 selectively suppressed cellular respiration and cell proliferation of RTS osteoblasts. Furthermore, systems analysis of IACS-010759-induced changes in RTS osteoblasts revealed that chemical inhibition of mitochondrial respiratory complex I impaired cell proliferation, induced senescence, and decreased MAPK signaling and cell cycle associated genes, but increased H19 and ribosomal protein genes. In summary, our study suggests that mitochondrial respiratory complex I is a potential therapeutic target for RTS-associated osteosarcoma and provides future insights for clinical treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany E. Jewell
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - An Xu
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Dandan Zhu
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Mo-Fan Huang
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Linchao Lu
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Mo Liu
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Erica L. Underwood
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jun Hyoung Park
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Huihui Fan
- Center for Precision Health, School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Julian A. Gingold
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Women’s Health, Einstein/Montefiore Medical Center, New York City, New York, United States of America
| | - Ruoji Zhou
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jian Tu
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Zijun Huo
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Weidong Jin
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Yi-Hung Chen
- Department and Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yitian Xu
- Center for Immunotherapy Research, Cancer Center of Excellence, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Shu-Hsia Chen
- Center for Immunotherapy Research, Cancer Center of Excellence, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Nino Rainusso
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Nathaniel K. Berg
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Danielle A. Bazer
- Department of Neurology, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
| | - Christopher Vellano
- TRACTION Platform, Therapeutics Discovery Division, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Philip Jones
- TRACTION Platform, Therapeutics Discovery Division, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Holger K. Eltzschig
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Zhongming Zhao
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Center for Precision Health, School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Benny Abraham Kaipparettu
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Ruiying Zhao
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Lisa L. Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Dung-Fang Lee
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Center for Precision Health, School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine for the Prevention of Human Diseases, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
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Wang XJ, Li D, Jiao HC, Zhao JP, Lin H. Lipopolysaccharide inhibits hypothalamic Agouti-related protein gene expression via activating mechanistic target of rapamycin signaling in chicks. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2021; 313:113876. [PMID: 34371009 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2021.113876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induces profound anorexia in birds. However, the neuronal regulatory network underlying LPS-provoked anorexia is unclear. To determine whether any cross talk occurs among hypothalamic mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) and LPS in the regulation of appetite, we performed an intracerebroventricular injection of rapamycin (an mTOR inhibitor) on LPS-treated chicks. The results indicate that peripheral administrations of LPS decreased the agouti-related protein (AgRP) mRNA level, but increased the phosphorylated mTOR and nuclear factor-кB (NF-кB) protein level. Blocking mTOR significantly attenuated LPS-induced anorexia, AgRP suppression, and p-NF-кB increase. Thus, the results suggest that LPS causes anorexia via the mTOR-AgRP signaling pathway, and mTOR signaling is also associated with the regulation of LPS in p-NF-кB.
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Affiliation(s)
- X J Wang
- Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong Key Lab for Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control, Taian, Shandong 271018, China
| | - D Li
- Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong Key Lab for Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control, Taian, Shandong 271018, China
| | - H C Jiao
- Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong Key Lab for Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control, Taian, Shandong 271018, China
| | - J P Zhao
- Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong Key Lab for Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control, Taian, Shandong 271018, China
| | - H Lin
- Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong Key Lab for Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control, Taian, Shandong 271018, China.
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Geier C, Perl A. Therapeutic mTOR blockade in systemic autoimmunity: Implications for antiviral immunity and extension of lifespan. Autoimmun Rev 2021; 20:102984. [PMID: 34718162 PMCID: PMC8550885 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2021.102984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway integrates metabolic cues into cell fate decisions. A particularly fateful event during the adaptive immune response is the engagement of a T cell receptor by its cognate antigen presented by an antigen-presenting cell (APC). Here, the induction of adequate T cell activation and lineage specification is critical to mount protective immunity; at the same time, inadequate activation, which could lead to autoimmunity, must be avoided. mTOR forms highly conserved protein complexes 1 and 2 that shape lineage specification by integrating signals originating from TCR engagement, co-stimulatory or co-inhibitory receptors and cytokines and availability of nutrients. If one considers autoimmunity as the result of aberrant lineage specification in response to such signals, the importance of this pathway becomes evident; this provides the conceptual basis for mTOR inhibition in the treatment of systemic autoimmunity, such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Clinical trials in SLE patients have provided preliminary evidence that mTOR blockade by sirolimus (rapamycin) can reverse pro-inflammatory lineage skewing, including the expansion of Th17 and double-negative T cells and plasma cells and the contraction of regulatory T cells. Moreover, sirolimus has shown promising efficacy in the treatment of refractory idiopathic multicentric Castleman disease, newly characterized by systemic autoimmunity due to mTOR overactivation. Alternatively, mTOR blockade enhances responsiveness to vaccination and reduces infections by influenza virus in healthy elderly subjects. Such seemingly contradictory findings highlight the importance to further evaluate the clinical effects of mTOR manipulation, including its potential role in treatment of COVID-19 infection. mTOR blockade may extend healthy lifespan by abrogating inflammation induced by viral infections and autoimmunity. This review provides a mechanistic assessment of mTOR pathway activation in lineage specification within the adaptive and innate immune systems and its role in health and autoimmunity. We then discuss some of the recent experimental and clinical discoveries implicating mTOR in viral pathogensis and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Geier
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, State University of New York, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Andras Perl
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, State University of New York, Syracuse, NY, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, State University of New York, Syracuse, NY, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, State University of New York, Syracuse, NY, USA.
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Sagar S, Singh S, Mallareddy JR, Sonawane YA, Napoleon JV, Rana S, Contreras JI, Rajesh C, Ezell EL, Kizhake S, Garrison JC, Radhakrishnan P, Natarajan A. Structure activity relationship (SAR) study identifies a quinoxaline urea analog that modulates IKKβ phosphorylation for pancreatic cancer therapy. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 222:113579. [PMID: 34098465 PMCID: PMC8373685 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Genetic models validated Inhibitor of nuclear factor (NF) kappa B kinase beta (IKKβ) as a therapeutic target for KRAS mutation associated pancreatic cancer. Phosphorylation of the activation loop serine residues (S177, S181) in IKKβ is a key event that drives tumor necrosis factor (TNF) α induced NF-κB mediated gene expression. Here we conducted structure activity relationship (SAR) study to improve potency and oral bioavailability of a quinoxaline analog 13-197 that was previously reported as a NFκB inhibitor for pancreatic cancer therapy. The SAR led to the identification of a novel quinoxaline urea analog 84 that reduced the levels of p-IKKβ in dose- and time-dependent studies. When compared to 13-197, analog 84 was ∼2.5-fold more potent in TNFα-induced NFκB inhibition and ∼4-fold more potent in inhibiting pancreatic cancer cell growth. Analog 84 exhibited ∼4.3-fold greater exposure (AUC0-∞) resulting in ∼5.7-fold increase in oral bioavailability (%F) when compared to 13-197. Importantly, oral administration of 84 by itself and in combination of gemcitabine reduced p-IKKβ levels and inhibited pancreatic tumor growth in a xenograft model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satish Sagar
- Eppley Institute for Cancer Research, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Sarbjit Singh
- Eppley Institute for Cancer Research, Omaha, NE, USA
| | | | | | | | - Sandeep Rana
- Eppley Institute for Cancer Research, Omaha, NE, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Prakash Radhakrishnan
- Eppley Institute for Cancer Research, Omaha, NE, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Omaha, NE, USA; Department of Genetics Cell Biology and Anatomy, Omaha, NE, USA; Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
| | - Amarnath Natarajan
- Eppley Institute for Cancer Research, Omaha, NE, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Omaha, NE, USA; Department of Genetics Cell Biology and Anatomy, Omaha, NE, USA; Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
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50
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Lehman SL, Wilson ED, Camphausen K, Tofilon PJ. Translation Initiation Machinery as a Tumor Selective Target for Radiosensitization. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910664. [PMID: 34639005 PMCID: PMC8508945 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Towards improving the efficacy of radiotherapy, one approach is to target the molecules and processes mediating cellular radioresponse. Along these lines, translational control of gene expression has been established as a fundamental component of cellular radioresponse, which suggests that the molecules participating in this process (i.e., the translational machinery) can serve as determinants of radiosensitivity. Moreover, the proteins comprising the translational machinery are often overexpressed in tumor cells suggesting the potential for tumor specific radiosensitization. Studies to date have shown that inhibiting proteins involved in translation initiation, the rate-limiting step in translation, specifically the three members of the eIF4F cap binding complex eIF4E, eIF4G, and eIF4A as well as the cap binding regulatory kinases mTOR and Mnk1/2, results in the radiosensitization of tumor cells. Because ribosomes are required for translation initiation, inhibiting ribosome biogenesis also appears to be a strategy for radiosensitization. In general, the radiosensitization induced by targeting the translation initiation machinery involves inhibition of DNA repair, which appears to be the consequence of a reduced expression of proteins critical to radioresponse. The availability of clinically relevant inhibitors of this component of the translational machinery suggests opportunities to extend this approach to radiosensitization to patient care.
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