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Azami M, Moradkhani A, Afraie M, Khateri S, Sharifian E, Zamani K, Moradi Y. The risk of Parkinson's disease in diabetic people: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis. Acta Neurol Belg 2024; 124:775-790. [PMID: 37982931 DOI: 10.1007/s13760-023-02424-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus (DM) and the risk of Parkinson's disease (PD) have been linked in previous studies. But the outcomes are still up for debate. This meta-analysis examined how DM affected the likelihood of developing PD. METHODS A comprehensive search of international databases, including Medline (PubMed), Web of Sciences, Scopus, and EMBASE until January 2023, was conducted to assess the relationship between DM and PD. Cohort and case-control studies were included. Subgroup analysis was carried out based on the duration of PD, continent, age, PD criteria, DM criteria, and effect size. RESULTS In the meta-analysis, 25 studies encompassing a total of 39,209,316 participants were incorporated. The collective estimation of the relative risk concerning the association between Diabetes Mellitus (DM) and Parkinson's Disease (PD) yielded a value of 1.22 (95% CI 1.08-1.37). Subsequent subgroup analyses unveiled a heightened risk of DM among patients in the Asian demographic, particularly those of a younger age and a longer duration of PD. The findings from our comprehensive meta-analysis underscore a potentially emerging connection between DM and PD. CONCLUSION These results showed that people with DM are more susceptible to developing other neurological diseases, such as PD, indicating that efforts are required to prevent the progression of such diseases among individuals with DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mobin Azami
- Student of the Research Committee, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Asra Moradkhani
- Student of the Research Committee, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Maryam Afraie
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Sorour Khateri
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, Sina (Farshchian) Educational and Medical Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Erfan Sharifian
- Student of the Research Committee, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Kamran Zamani
- Student of the Research Committee, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Yousef Moradi
- Social Determinants of the Health Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.
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2
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Li Y, Vaughan KL, Wang Y, Yu SJ, Bae EK, Tamargo IA, Kopp KO, Tweedie D, Chiang CC, Schmidt KT, Lahiri DK, Tones MA, Zaleska MM, Hoffer BJ, Mattison JA, Greig NH. Sitagliptin elevates plasma and CSF incretin levels following oral administration to nonhuman primates: relevance for neurodegenerative disorders. GeroScience 2024:10.1007/s11357-024-01120-4. [PMID: 38532069 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-024-01120-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The endogenous incretins glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) possess neurotrophic, neuroprotective, and anti-neuroinflammatory actions. The dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitor sitagliptin reduces degradation of endogenous GLP-1 and GIP, and, thereby, extends the circulation of these protective peptides. The current nonhuman primate (NHP) study evaluates whether human translational sitagliptin doses can elevate systemic and central nervous system (CNS) levels of GLP-1/GIP in naive, non-lesioned NHPs, in line with our prior rodent studies that demonstrated sitagliptin efficacy in preclinical models of Parkinson's disease (PD). PD is an age-associated neurodegenerative disorder whose current treatment is inadequate. Repositioning of the well-tolerated and efficacious diabetes drug sitagliptin provides a rapid approach to add to the therapeutic armamentarium for PD. The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of 3 oral sitagliptin doses (5, 20, and 100 mg/kg), equivalent to the routine clinical dose, a tolerated higher clinical dose and a maximal dose in monkey, were evaluated. Peak plasma sitagliptin levels were aligned both with prior reports in humans administered equivalent doses and with those in rodents demonstrating reduction of PD associated neurodegeneration. Although CNS uptake of sitagliptin was low (cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)/plasma ratio 0.01), both plasma and CSF concentrations of GLP-1/GIP were elevated in line with efficacy in prior rodent PD studies. Additional cellular studies evaluating human SH-SY5Y and primary rat ventral mesencephalic cultures challenged with 6-hydroxydopamine, established cellular models of PD, demonstrated that joint treatment with GLP-1 + GIP mitigated cell death, particularly when combined with DPP-4 inhibition to maintain incretin levels. In conclusion, this study provides a supportive translational step towards the clinical evaluation of sitagliptin in PD and other neurodegenerative disorders for which aging, similarly, is the greatest risk factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazhou Li
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute On Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Kelli L Vaughan
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute On Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Yun Wang
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan, 35053
| | - Seong-Jin Yu
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan, 35053
| | - Eun-Kyung Bae
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan, 35053
| | - Ian A Tamargo
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute On Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Katherine O Kopp
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute On Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - David Tweedie
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute On Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Cheng-Chuan Chiang
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Keith T Schmidt
- Clinical Pharmacology Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Debomoy K Lahiri
- Departments of Psychiatry and Medical & Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | | | | | - Barry J Hoffer
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospitals of Cleveland, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Julie A Mattison
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute On Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Nigel H Greig
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute On Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA.
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Lodato M, Plaisance V, Pawlowski V, Kwapich M, Barras A, Buissart E, Dalle S, Szunerits S, Vicogne J, Boukherroub R, Abderrahmani A. Venom Peptides, Polyphenols and Alkaloids: Are They the Next Antidiabetics That Will Preserve β-Cell Mass and Function in Type 2 Diabetes? Cells 2023; 12:cells12060940. [PMID: 36980281 PMCID: PMC10047094 DOI: 10.3390/cells12060940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Improvement of insulin secretion by pancreatic β-cells and preservation of their mass are the current challenges that future antidiabetic drugs should meet for achieving efficient and long-term glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). The successful development of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) analogues, derived from the saliva of a lizard from the Helodermatidae family, has provided the proof of concept that antidiabetic drugs directly targeting pancreatic β-cells can emerge from venomous animals. The literature reporting on the antidiabetic effects of medicinal plants suggests that they contain some promising active substances such as polyphenols and alkaloids, which could be active as insulin secretagogues and β-cell protectors. In this review, we discuss the potential of several polyphenols, alkaloids and venom peptides from snake, frogs, scorpions and cone snails. These molecules could contribute to the development of new efficient antidiabetic medicines targeting β-cells, which would tackle the progression of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Lodato
- University Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, University Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, UMR 8520, IEMN, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Valérie Plaisance
- University Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, University Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, UMR 8520, IEMN, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Valérie Pawlowski
- University Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, University Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, UMR 8520, IEMN, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Maxime Kwapich
- University Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, University Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, UMR 8520, IEMN, F-59000 Lille, France
- Service de Diabétologie et d’Endocrinologie, CH Dunkerque, 59385 Dunkirk, France
| | - Alexandre Barras
- University Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, University Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, UMR 8520, IEMN, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Emeline Buissart
- University Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, University Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, UMR 8520, IEMN, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Stéphane Dalle
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, 34094 Montpellier, France
| | - Sabine Szunerits
- University Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, University Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, UMR 8520, IEMN, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Jérôme Vicogne
- University Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-UMR 9017-CIIL-Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Rabah Boukherroub
- University Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, University Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, UMR 8520, IEMN, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Amar Abderrahmani
- University Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, University Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, UMR 8520, IEMN, F-59000 Lille, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-362531704
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Abdul-Maksoud RS, Elsayed WSH, Rashad NM, Elsayed RS, Elshorbagy S, Hamed MG. GLP-1R polymorphism (rs1042044) and expression are associated with the risk of papillary thyroid cancer among the Egyptian population. Gene X 2022; 834:146597. [PMID: 35598685 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glucagon like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonist usage has previously been linked to an elevated incidence of thyroid cell adenomas and carcinomas in animals. AIM The goal of this study was to determine if there was an association between GLP-1R gene polymorphism and expression with the risk of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and its clinical characteristics among the Egyptian population. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of eighty PTC patients and eighty healthy controls were included in the study. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (real-time PCR) and immunohistochemistry were used to determine GLP-1R expression in tumor tissue. The polymorphisms rs1042044 and rs6923761 in the GLP-1R gene were determined using PCR -restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). RESULTS PTC patients exhibited considerably greater frequencies of rs1042044 AA genotypes and A allele than controls (OR (95% CI) = 4.5 (1.75-11.8), P < 0.001; OR (95% CI) = 2.032 (1.301-3.17), P < 0.001 respectively). GLP-1R mRNA and protein expressions were higher in tumor samples than normal thyroid tissues among PTC patients. In addition, high GLP-1R expressions were more common in rs1042044 AA genotype carriers than CC carriers (P < 0.001). GLP-1R mRNA expression showed 95 % sensitivity and 97% specificity for PTC diagnosis. Moreover, GLP-1R expression was closely associated with LN metastasis, tumor size, tumor stage, and multifocality in PTC patients. CONCLUSION This research provides new evidence linking the GLP-1R genetic polymorphism and tissue expression to PTC risk and invasiveness among the Egyptian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rehab S Abdul-Maksoud
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
| | - Walid S H Elsayed
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Nearmeen M Rashad
- Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Rasha S Elsayed
- General Surgery Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Shereen Elshorbagy
- Medical Oncology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mohamed G Hamed
- Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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Fleury L, Deracinois B, Dugardin C, Nongonierma AB, FitzGerald RJ, Flahaut C, Cudennec B, Ravallec R. In Vivo and In Vitro Comparison of the DPP-IV Inhibitory Potential of Food Proteins from Different Origins after Gastrointestinal Digestion. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158365. [PMID: 35955493 PMCID: PMC9369239 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dipeptidyl-peptidase IV (DPP-IV) plays an essential role in glucose metabolism by inactivating incretins. In this context, food-protein-derived DPP-IV inhibitors are promising glycemic regulators which may act by preventing the onset of type 2 diabetes in personalized nutrition. In this study, the DPP-IV-inhibitory potential of seven proteins from diverse origins was compared for the first time in vitro and in vivo in rat plasma after the intestinal barrier (IB) passage of the indigested proteins. The DPP-IV-inhibitory potentials of bovine hemoglobin, caseins, chicken ovalbumin, fish gelatin, and pea proteins were determined in rat plasma thirty minutes after oral administration. In parallel, these proteins, together with bovine whey and gluten proteins, were digested using the harmonized INFOGEST protocol adapted for proteins. The DPP-IV half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) was determined in situ using Caco-2 cells. The DPP-IV-inhibitory activity was also measured after IB passage using a Caco2/HT29-MTX mixed-cell model. The peptide profiles were analyzed using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (RP-HPLC-MS/MS) with MS data bioinformatics management, and the IC50 of the identified peptides was predicted in silico. The in vitro and in vivo DPP-IV-inhibitory activity of the proteins differed according to their origin. Vegetable proteins and hemoglobin yielded the highest DPP-IV-inhibitory activity in vivo. However, no correlation was found between the in vivo and in vitro results. This may be partially explained by the differences between the peptidome analysis and the in silico predictions, as well as the study complexity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léa Fleury
- UMR-T 1158, BioEcoAgro, University of Lille, 59650 Lille, France; (L.F.); (B.D.); (C.D.); (C.F.)
| | - Barbara Deracinois
- UMR-T 1158, BioEcoAgro, University of Lille, 59650 Lille, France; (L.F.); (B.D.); (C.D.); (C.F.)
| | - Camille Dugardin
- UMR-T 1158, BioEcoAgro, University of Lille, 59650 Lille, France; (L.F.); (B.D.); (C.D.); (C.F.)
| | - Alice B. Nongonierma
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland; (A.B.N.); (R.J.F.)
| | - Richard J. FitzGerald
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland; (A.B.N.); (R.J.F.)
| | - Christophe Flahaut
- UMR-T 1158, BioEcoAgro, University of Lille, 59650 Lille, France; (L.F.); (B.D.); (C.D.); (C.F.)
| | - Benoit Cudennec
- UMR-T 1158, BioEcoAgro, University of Lille, 59650 Lille, France; (L.F.); (B.D.); (C.D.); (C.F.)
- Correspondence: (B.C.); (R.R.)
| | - Rozenn Ravallec
- UMR-T 1158, BioEcoAgro, University of Lille, 59650 Lille, France; (L.F.); (B.D.); (C.D.); (C.F.)
- Correspondence: (B.C.); (R.R.)
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Marzoog BA, Vlasova TI. Beta-cell autophagy under the scope of hypoglycemic drugs; possible mechanism as a novel therapeutic target. OBESITY AND METABOLISM 2022. [DOI: 10.14341/omet12778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Physiologically, autophagy is a major protective mechanism of β-cells from apoptosis, through can reserve normal β- cell mass and inhibit the progression of β-cells destruction. Beta-cell mass can be affected by differentiation from progenitors and de-differentiation as well as self-renewal and apoptosis. Shred evidence indicated that hypoglycemic drugs can induce β-cell proliferation capacity and neogenesis via autophagy stimulation. However, prolonged use of selective hypoglycemic drugs has induced pancreatitis besides several other factors that contribute to β-cell destruction and apoptosis initiation. Interestingly, some nonhypoglycemic medications possess the same effects on β-cells but depending on the combination of these drugs and the duration of exposure to β-cells. The paper comprehensively illustrates the role of the hypoglycemic drugs on the insulin-producing cells and the pathogeneses of β-cell destruction in type 2 diabetes mellitus, in addition to the regulation mechanisms of β-cells division in norm and pathology. The grasping of the hypoglycemic drug’s role in beta-cell is clinically crucial to evaluate novel therapeutic targets such as new signaling pathways. The present paper addresses a new strategy for diabetes mellitus management via targeting specific autophagy inducer factors (transcription factors, genes, lipid molecules, etc.).
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Lagunas-Rangel FA, Koshelev D, Nedorubov A, Kosheleva L, Trukhan V, Rabinovitch A, Schiöth HB, Levit S. Triple drug therapy with GABA, sitagliptin, and omeprazole prevents type 1 diabetes onset and promotes its reversal in non-obese diabetic mice. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1028114. [PMID: 36339443 PMCID: PMC9633961 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1028114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have reported that dual drug combinations consisting of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) together with a dipeptidyl-peptidase-4 inhibitor (DPP-4i), also a DPP-4i with a proton pump inhibitor (PPI), could improve pancreatic β-cell function and ameliorate diabetes in diabetic mice. In this study, we sought to determine if a triple drug combination of GABA, a DPP-4i and a PPI might have superior therapeutic effects compared with double drug therapies in the prevention and reversal of diabetes in the non-obese diabetic (NOD) mouse model of human type 1 diabetes (T1D). In a diabetes prevention arm of the study, the triple drug combination of GABA, a DPP-4i, and a PPI exhibited superior therapeutic effects in preventing the onset of diabetes compared with all the double drug combinations and placebo. Also, the triple drug combination significantly increased circulating C-peptide and serum insulin levels in the mice. In a diabetes reversal arm of the study, the triple drug combination was superior to all of the double drug combinations in reducing hyperglycemia in the mice. In addition, the triple drug combination was the most effective in increasing circulating levels of C-peptide and serum insulin, thereby significantly reducing exogenous insulin needs. The combination of GABA, a DPP-4i and a PPI appears to be a promising and easily scalable therapy for the treatment and prevention of T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniil Koshelev
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Functional Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Levicure LTD, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Andrej Nedorubov
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Functional Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Liudmila Kosheleva
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Functional Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Levicure LTD, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | | | | | - Helgi B. Schiöth
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Functional Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- *Correspondence: Helgi B. Schiöth,
| | - Shmuel Levit
- Levicure LTD, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Institute of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Tel Aviv, Israel
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8
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Charpentier J, Briand F, Lelouvier B, Servant F, Azalbert V, Puel A, Christensen JE, Waget A, Branchereau M, Garret C, Lluch J, Heymes C, Brousseau E, Burcelin R, Guzylack L, Sulpice T, Grasset E. Liraglutide targets the gut microbiota and the intestinal immune system to regulate insulin secretion. Acta Diabetol 2021; 58:881-897. [PMID: 33723651 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-020-01657-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Liraglutide controls type 2 diabetes (T2D) and inflammation. Gut microbiota regulates the immune system and causes at least in part type 2 diabetes. We here evaluated whether liraglutide regulates T2D through both gut microbiota and immunity in dysmetabolic mice. METHODS Diet-induced dysmetabolic mice were treated for 14 days with intraperitoneal injection of liraglutide (100 µg/kg) or with vehicle or Exendin 4 (10 µg/kg) as controls. Various metabolic parameters, the intestinal immune cells were characterized and the 16SrDNA gene sequenced from the gut. The causal role of gut microbiota was shown using large spectrum antibiotics and by colonization of germ-free mice with the gut microbiota from treated mice. RESULTS Besides, the expected metabolic impacts liraglutide treatment induced a specific gut microbiota specific signature when compared to vehicle or Ex4-treated mice. However, liraglutide only increased glucose-induced insulin secretion, reduced the frequency of Th1 lymphocytes, and increased that of TReg in the intestine. These effects were abolished by a concomitant antibiotic treatment. Colonization of germ-free mice with gut microbiota from liraglutide-treated diabetic mice improved glucose-induced insulin secretion and regulated the intestinal immune system differently from what observed in germ-free mice colonized with microbiota from non-treated diabetic mice. CONCLUSIONS Altogether, our result demonstrated first the influence of liraglutide on gut microbiota and the intestinal immune system which could at least in part control glucose-induced insulin secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Charpentier
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Toulouse, France
- Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1048, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Université Paul Sabatier (UPS), Team 2: 'Intestinal Risk Factors Diabetes, Dyslipidemia', 31432, Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Francois Briand
- PHYSIOGENEX SAS Prologue Biotech, 516 Rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 31670, Labège Innopole, France
| | - Benjamin Lelouvier
- Vaiomer, Prologue Biotech, 516 Rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 31670, Labège Innopole, France
| | - Florence Servant
- Vaiomer, Prologue Biotech, 516 Rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 31670, Labège Innopole, France
| | - Vincent Azalbert
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Toulouse, France
- Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1048, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Université Paul Sabatier (UPS), Team 2: 'Intestinal Risk Factors Diabetes, Dyslipidemia', 31432, Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Anthony Puel
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Toulouse, France
- Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1048, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Université Paul Sabatier (UPS), Team 2: 'Intestinal Risk Factors Diabetes, Dyslipidemia', 31432, Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Jeffrey E Christensen
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Toulouse, France
- Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1048, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Université Paul Sabatier (UPS), Team 2: 'Intestinal Risk Factors Diabetes, Dyslipidemia', 31432, Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Aurélie Waget
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Toulouse, France
- Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1048, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Université Paul Sabatier (UPS), Team 2: 'Intestinal Risk Factors Diabetes, Dyslipidemia', 31432, Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Maxime Branchereau
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Toulouse, France
- Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1048, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Université Paul Sabatier (UPS), Team 2: 'Intestinal Risk Factors Diabetes, Dyslipidemia', 31432, Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Céline Garret
- Vaiomer, Prologue Biotech, 516 Rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 31670, Labège Innopole, France
| | - Jérome Lluch
- Vaiomer, Prologue Biotech, 516 Rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 31670, Labège Innopole, France
| | - Christophe Heymes
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Toulouse, France
- Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1048, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Université Paul Sabatier (UPS), Team 2: 'Intestinal Risk Factors Diabetes, Dyslipidemia', 31432, Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Emmanuel Brousseau
- PHYSIOGENEX SAS Prologue Biotech, 516 Rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 31670, Labège Innopole, France
| | - Rémy Burcelin
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Toulouse, France.
- Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1048, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Université Paul Sabatier (UPS), Team 2: 'Intestinal Risk Factors Diabetes, Dyslipidemia', 31432, Toulouse Cedex 4, France.
| | - Laurence Guzylack
- Neuro-Gastroenterology and Nutrition Team, Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Thierry Sulpice
- PHYSIOGENEX SAS Prologue Biotech, 516 Rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 31670, Labège Innopole, France
| | - Estelle Grasset
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Toulouse, France
- Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1048, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Université Paul Sabatier (UPS), Team 2: 'Intestinal Risk Factors Diabetes, Dyslipidemia', 31432, Toulouse Cedex 4, France
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9
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Mechanisms of Beta-Cell Apoptosis in Type 2 Diabetes-Prone Situations and Potential Protection by GLP-1-Based Therapies. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22105303. [PMID: 34069914 PMCID: PMC8157542 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is characterized by chronic hyperglycemia secondary to the decline of functional beta-cells and is usually accompanied by a reduced sensitivity to insulin. Whereas altered beta-cell function plays a key role in T2D onset, a decreased beta-cell mass was also reported to contribute to the pathophysiology of this metabolic disease. The decreased beta-cell mass in T2D is, at least in part, attributed to beta-cell apoptosis that is triggered by diabetogenic situations such as amyloid deposits, lipotoxicity and glucotoxicity. In this review, we discussed the molecular mechanisms involved in pancreatic beta-cell apoptosis under such diabetes-prone situations. Finally, we considered the molecular signaling pathways recruited by glucagon-like peptide-1-based therapies to potentially protect beta-cells from death under diabetogenic situations.
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10
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Stentz FB, Mikhael A, Kineish O, Christman J, Sands C. High protein diet leads to prediabetes remission and positive changes in incretins and cardiovascular risk factors. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2021; 31:1227-1237. [PMID: 33549435 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2020.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS High Protein diets may be associated with endocrine responses that favor improved metabolic outcomes. We studied the response to High Protein (HP) versus High Carbohydrate (HC) Diets in terms of incretin hormones GLP-1 and GIP, the hunger hormone ghrelin and BNP, which is associated with cardiac function. We hypothesized that HP diets induce more pronounced release of glucose lowering hormones, suppress hunger and improve cardiac function. METHODS AND RESULTS 24 obese women and men with prediabetes were recruited and randomized to either a High Protein (HP) (n = 12) or High Carbohydrate (HC) (n = 12) diet for 6 months with all food provided. OGTT and MTT were performed and GLP-1, GIP, Ghrelin, BNP, insulin and glucose were measured at baseline and 6 months on the respective diets. Our studies showed that subjects on the HP diet had 100% remission of prediabetes compared to only 33% on the HC diet with similar weight loss. HP diet subjects had a greater increase in (1) OGTT GLP-1 AUC(p = 0.001) and MTT GLP-1 AUC(p = 0.001), (2) OGTT GIP AUC(p = 0.005) and MTT GIP AUC(p = 0.005), and a greater decrease in OGTT ghrelin AUC(p = 0.005) and MTT ghrelin AUC(p = 0.001) and BNP(p = 0.001) compared to the HC diet at 6 months. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that the HP diet increases GLP-1 and GIP which may be responsible in part for improved insulin sensitivity and β cell function compared to the HC diet. HP ghrelin results demonstrate the HP diet can reduce hunger more effectively than the HC diet. BNP and other CVRF, metabolic parameters and oxidative stress are significantly improved compared to the HC diet. CLINICALTRIALS. GOV IDENTIFIER NCT01642849.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frankie B Stentz
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA.
| | - Andrew Mikhael
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Omer Kineish
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - John Christman
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA; FiTelligence, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Chris Sands
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
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11
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Exendin-4 restores airway mucus homeostasis through the GLP1R-PKA-PPARγ-FOXA2-phosphatase signaling. Mucosal Immunol 2020; 13:637-651. [PMID: 32034274 PMCID: PMC7664156 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-020-0262-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Goblet cell hyperplasia and metaplasia and excessive mucus are prominent pathologies of chronic airway diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), cystic fibrosis (CF), and chronic bronchitis. Chronic infection by respiratory pathogens, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa, exacerbates cyclical proinflammatory responses and mucus hypersecretion. P. aeruginosa and its virulence factor pyocyanin contribute to these pathologies by inhibiting FOXA2, a key transcriptional regulator of mucus homeostasis, through activation of antagonistic signaling pathways EGFR-AKT/ERK1/2 and IL-4/IL-13-STAT6-SPDEF. However, FOXA2-targeted therapy has not been previously explored. Here, we examined the feasibility of repurposing the incretin mimetic Exendin-4 to restore FOXA2-mediated airway mucus homeostasis. We have found that Exendin-4 restored FOXA2 expression, attenuated mucin production in COPD and CF-diseased airway cells, and reduced mucin and P. aeruginosa burden in mouse lungs. Mechanistically, Exendin-4 activated the GLP1R-PKA-PPAR-γ-dependent phosphatases PTEN and PTP1B, which inhibited key kinases within both EGFR and STAT6 signaling cascades. Our results may lead to the repurposing of Exendin-4 and other incretin mimetics to restore FOXA2 function and ultimately regulate excessive mucus in diseased airways.
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12
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A Randomized Pilot Study of the Effect of Trelagliptin and Alogliptin on Glycemic Variability in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. Adv Ther 2019; 36:3096-3109. [PMID: 31562608 PMCID: PMC6822803 DOI: 10.1007/s12325-019-01097-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This open-label, parallel-group, exploratory study examined the effects of two dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) inhibitors on glycemic variability (GV) in patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS Randomized patients with glycated hemoglobin A1c of at least 6.5% to less than 8.5% received trelagliptin 100 mg (n = 13) once weekly or alogliptin 25 mg (n = 14) once daily for 29 days. Continuous glucose monitoring was performed before the start of the treatment period (baseline) and from day 21 to 29, inclusive. The primary endpoint was change from baseline in the standard deviation (SD) of 24-h blood glucose values, measured daily for 7 days (day 22-28) of the treatment period. Secondary and additional efficacy endpoints included changes in glycemic parameters and the rate of DPP4 inhibition, respectively. Adverse events (AEs) were monitored to assess safety. RESULTS Mean change from baseline in the SD of 24-h blood glucose (95% confidence interval) at day 28 was - 7.35 (- 15.13, 0.44) for trelagliptin and - 11.63 (- 18.67, - 4.59) for alogliptin. In both treatment groups, glycemic parameters improved and the rate of DPP4 inhibition was maintained. Three patients reported AEs; no severe treatment-emergent AEs were reported in either group. CONCLUSION Once-weekly trelagliptin and once-daily alogliptin improved glycemic control and reduced GV without inducing hypoglycemia. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02771093) and JAPIC (JapicCTI-163250). FUNDING Takeda Pharmaceutical Company, Ltd.
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13
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Huang PK, Lin SR, Riyaphan J, Fu YS, Weng CF. Polyalthia Clerodane Diterpene Potentiates Hypoglycemia via Inhibition of Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E530. [PMID: 30691220 PMCID: PMC6387447 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20030530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Serine protease dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) is involved in self/non-self-recognition and insulin sensitivity. DPP-4 inhibitors are conventional choices for diabetic treatment; however, side effects such as headache, bronchus infection, and nasopharyngitis might affect the daily lives of diabetic patients. Notably, natural compounds are believed to have a similar efficacy with lower adverse effects. This study aimed to validate the DPP-4 inhibitory activity of clerodane diterpene 16-hydroxycleroda-3,13-dien-15,16-olide (HCD) from Polyalthia longifolia, rutin, quercetin, and berberine, previously selected through molecular docking. The inhibitory potency of natural DPP-4 candidates was further determined by enzymatic, in vitro Caco-2, and ERK/PKA activation in myocyte and pancreatic cells. The hypoglycemic efficacy of the natural compounds was consecutively analyzed by single-dose and multiple-dose administration in diet-induced obese diabetic mice. All the natural-compounds could directly inhibit DPP-4 activity in enzymatic assay and Caco-2 inhibition assay, and HCD showed the highest inhibition of the compounds. HCD down-regulated LPS-induced ERK phosphorylation in myocyte but blocked GLP-1 induced PKA expression. For in vivo tests, HCD showed hypoglycemic efficacy only in single-dose administration. After 28-days administration, HCD exhibited hypolipidemic and hepatoprotective efficacy. These results revealed that HCD performed potential antidiabetic activity via inhibition of single-dose and long-term administrations, and could be a new prospective anti-diabetic drug candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Kai Huang
- Department of Life Science and Institute of Biotechnology, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien 97401, Taiwan.
| | - Shian-Ren Lin
- Department of Life Science and Institute of Biotechnology, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien 97401, Taiwan.
| | - Jirawat Riyaphan
- Department of Life Science and Institute of Biotechnology, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien 97401, Taiwan.
| | - Yaw-Syan Fu
- Departmental of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaoshiung Medical University, Kaoshiung 80708, Taiwan.
| | - Ching-Feng Weng
- Department of Life Science and Institute of Biotechnology, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien 97401, Taiwan.
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14
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Delgadillo-Silva LF, Tsakmaki A, Akhtar N, Franklin ZJ, Konantz J, Bewick GA, Ninov N. Modelling pancreatic β-cell inflammation in zebrafish identifies the natural product wedelolactone for human islet protection. Dis Model Mech 2019; 12:12/1/dmm036004. [PMID: 30679186 PMCID: PMC6361155 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.036004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Islet inflammation and cytokine production are implicated in pancreatic β-cell dysfunction and diabetes pathogenesis. However, we lack therapeutics to protect the insulin-producing β-cells from inflammatory damage. Closing this clinical gap requires the establishment of new disease models of islet inflammation to facilitate screening efforts aimed at identifying new protective agents. Here, we have developed a genetic model of Interleukin-1β (Il-1β)-driven islet inflammation in zebrafish, a vertebrate that allows for non-invasive imaging of β-cells and in vivo drug discovery. Live imaging of immune cells and β-cells in our model revealed dynamic migration, increased visitation and prolonged macrophage retention in the islet, together with robust activation of NF-κB signalling in β-cells. We find that Il-1β-mediated inflammation does not cause β-cell destruction but, rather, it impairs β-cell function and identity. In vivo, β-cells exhibit impaired glucose-stimulated calcium influx and reduced expression of genes involved in function and maturity. These defects are accompanied by α-cell expansion, glucose intolerance and hyperglycemia following a glucose challenge. Notably, we show that a medicinal plant derivative (wedelolactone) is capable of reducing the immune-cell infiltration while also ameliorating the hyperglycemic phenotype of our model. Importantly, these anti-diabetic properties in zebrafish are predictive of wedelolactone's efficacy in protecting rodent and human islets from cytokine-induced apoptosis. In summary, this new zebrafish model of diabetes opens a window to study the interactions between immune and β-cells in vivo, while also allowing the identification of therapeutic agents for protecting β-cells from inflammation. Summary: A model of islet inflammation in zebrafish exhibits functional β-cell silencing and a lack of glucose responsiveness. A natural compound that rescues the glucose defect in zebrafish can protect human islets from inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Fernando Delgadillo-Silva
- Centre for Regenerative Therapies TU Dresden, Dresden 01307, Germany.,Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus of TU Dresden, German Center for Diabetes Reseach (DZD e.V.), Dresden 01307, Germany
| | - Anastasia Tsakmaki
- Diabetes Research Group, School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London SE1 91UL, UK
| | - Nadeem Akhtar
- Centre for Regenerative Therapies TU Dresden, Dresden 01307, Germany
| | - Zara J Franklin
- Diabetes Research Group, School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London SE1 91UL, UK
| | - Judith Konantz
- Centre for Regenerative Therapies TU Dresden, Dresden 01307, Germany
| | - Gavin A Bewick
- Diabetes Research Group, School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London SE1 91UL, UK
| | - Nikolay Ninov
- Centre for Regenerative Therapies TU Dresden, Dresden 01307, Germany.,Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus of TU Dresden, German Center for Diabetes Reseach (DZD e.V.), Dresden 01307, Germany.,Centre for Regenerative Therapies TU Dresden, Dresden 01307, Germany
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15
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Charpentier J, Waget A, Klopp P, Magnan C, Cruciani-Guglielmacci C, Lee SJ, Burcelin R, Grasset E. Lixisenatide requires a functional gut-vagus nerve-brain axis to trigger insulin secretion in controls and type 2 diabetic mice. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2018; 315:G671-G684. [PMID: 30070580 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00348.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Endogenous glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) regulates glucose-induced insulin secretion through both direct β-cell-dependent and indirect gut-brain axis-dependent pathways. However, little is known about the mode of action of the GLP-1 receptor agonist lixisenatide. We studied the effects of lixisenatide (intraperitoneal injection) on insulin secretion, gastric emptying, vagus nerve activity, and brain c-Fos activation in naive, chronically vagotomized, GLP-1 receptor knockout (KO), high-fat diet-fed diabetic mice, or db/db mice. Lixisenatide dose-dependently increased oral glucose-induced insulin secretion that is correlated with a decrease of glycemia. In addition, lixisenatide inhibited gastric emptying. These effects of lixisenatide were abolished in vagotomized mice, characterized by a delay of gastric emptying and in GLP-1 receptor KO mice. Intraperitoneal administration of lixisenatide also increased the vagus nerve firing rate and the number of c-Fos-labeled neurons in the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) of the brainstem. In diabetic mouse models, lixisenatide increased the firing rate of the vagus nerve when administrated simultaneously to an intraduodenal glucose. It increased also insulin secretion and c-Fos activation in the NTS. Altogether, our findings show that lixisenatide requires a functional vagus nerve and neuronal gut-brain-islets axis as well as the GLP-1 receptor to regulate glucose-induced insulin secretion in healthy and diabetic mice. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Lixisenatide is an agonist of the glucagon-like protein (GLP)-1 receptor, modified from exendin 4, used to treat type 2 diabetic patients. However, whereas the mode of action of endogenous GLP-1 is extensively studied, the mode of action of the GLP-1 analog lixisenatide is poorly understood. Here, we demonstrated that lixisenatide activates the vagus nerve and recruits the gut-brain axis through the GLP-1 receptor to decrease gastric emptying and stimulate insulin secretion to improve glycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Charpentier
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale , Toulouse , France.,Université Paul Sabatier, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1048, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Toulouse Cedex, France
| | - Aurélie Waget
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale , Toulouse , France.,Université Paul Sabatier, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1048, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Toulouse Cedex, France
| | - Pascale Klopp
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale , Toulouse , France.,Université Paul Sabatier, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1048, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Toulouse Cedex, France
| | - Christophe Magnan
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Denis Diderot, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 8251, Paris , France
| | - Céline Cruciani-Guglielmacci
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Denis Diderot, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 8251, Paris , France
| | - Shin Jae Lee
- Physiology and Behavior Laboratory, Institute of Food, Nutrition, and Health, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Rémy Burcelin
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale , Toulouse , France.,Université Paul Sabatier, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1048, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Toulouse Cedex, France
| | - Estelle Grasset
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale , Toulouse , France.,Université Paul Sabatier, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1048, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Toulouse Cedex, France
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16
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Bugliani M, Syed F, Paula FMM, Omar BA, Suleiman M, Mossuto S, Grano F, Cardarelli F, Boggi U, Vistoli F, Filipponi F, De Simone P, Marselli L, De Tata V, Ahren B, Eizirik DL, Marchetti P. DPP-4 is expressed in human pancreatic beta cells and its direct inhibition improves beta cell function and survival in type 2 diabetes. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2018; 473:186-193. [PMID: 29409957 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2018.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
It has been reported that the incretin system, including regulated GLP-1 secretion and locally expressed DPP-4, is present in pancreatic islets. In this study we comprehensively evaluated the expression and role of DPP-4 in islet alpha and beta cells from non-diabetic (ND) and type 2 diabetic (T2D) individuals, including the effects of its inhibition on beta cell function and survival. Isolated islets were prepared from 25 ND and 18 T2D organ donors; studies were also performed with the human insulin-producing EndoC-βH1 cells. Morphological (including confocal microscopy), ultrastructural (electron microscopy, EM), functional (glucose-stimulated insulin secretion), survival (EM and nuclear dyes) and molecular (RNAseq, qPCR and western blot) studies were performed under several different experimental conditions. DPP-4 co-localized with glucagon and was also expressed in human islet insulin-containing cells. Furthermore, DPP-4 was expressed in EndoC-βH1 cells. The proportions of DPP-4 positive alpha and beta cells and DPP-4 gene expression were significantly lower in T2D islets. A DPP-4 inhibitor protected ND human beta cells and EndoC-βH1 cells against cytokine-induced toxicity, which was at least in part independent from GLP1 and associated with reduced NFKB1 expression. Finally, DPP-4 inhibition augmented glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, reduced apoptosis and improved ultrastructure in T2D beta cells. These results demonstrate the presence of DPP-4 in human islet alpha and beta cells, with reduced expression in T2D islets, and show that DPP-4 inhibition has beneficial effects on human ND and T2D beta cells. This suggests that DPP-4, besides playing a role in incretin effects, directly affects beta cell function and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Bugliani
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Islet Cell Laboratory, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Farooq Syed
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Islet Cell Laboratory, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Flavia M M Paula
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bilal A Omar
- Lund University, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund Sweden
| | - Mara Suleiman
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Islet Cell Laboratory, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Sandra Mossuto
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Islet Cell Laboratory, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesca Grano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Islet Cell Laboratory, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesco Cardarelli
- National Enterprise for NanoScience and NanoTechnology (NEST), CNR and Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa, Italy
| | - Ugo Boggi
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Fabio Vistoli
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Franco Filipponi
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Medicine, Molecular and Critical Area, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Paolo De Simone
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Medicine, Molecular and Critical Area, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Lorella Marselli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Islet Cell Laboratory, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Vincenzo De Tata
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Bo Ahren
- Lund University, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund Sweden
| | - Decio L Eizirik
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Piero Marchetti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Islet Cell Laboratory, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
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17
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Liu J, Yang K, Xiao W, Le Y, Lang S, Zhang J, Wei R, Yang J, Hong T. GLP-1 receptor agonists stimulate ANGPTL8 production through the PI3K/Akt pathway in a GLP-1 receptor-dependent manner. Peptides 2018; 106:83-90. [PMID: 30003931 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2018.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The level of serum angiopoietin-like protein 8 (ANGPTL8), a novel hepatokine, is associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The aims of this study were to investigate whether serum ANGPTL8 level in patients with T2DM was affected by treatment with exenatide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonist, and to determine whether and how GLP-1R agonists regulated ANGPTL8 production in hepatocytes. A multiple-center trial was conducted in China. Among 240 patients with T2DM enrolled in this trial, 195 patients adhered to a 16-week exenatide treatment and follow-up. Human liver cell line HepG2 cells were incubated for 24 h with either exendin-4 (a native form of exenatide) or liraglutide in the presence or absence of GLP-1R antagonist exendin (9-39) and PI3K inhibitor LY294002. Change of serum ANGPTL8 level in patients with T2DM and regulation of ANGPTL8 production by the GLP-1R agonists in HepG2 cells were evaluated. Results showed that compared with baseline, exenatide treatment significantly increased serum ANGPTL8 level, and lowered body weight, fasting blood glucose (FBG) and glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) in patients with T2DM (all P < 0.05). The exenatide treatment-mediated upregulation of serum ANGPTL8 level was not associated with the levels of its lowering effects on body weight, FBG and HbA1c stratified by the median. Moreover, exendin-4 or liraglutide dose-dependently upregulated the level of ANGPTL8 expression and secretion in HepG2 cells, which was eliminated by adding exendin (9-39) and LY294002. In conclusion, GLP-1R agonists enhance ANGPTL8 production in vivo and in vitro, which is mediated via the PI3K/Akt pathway in a GLP-1R-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junling Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Kun Yang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Wenhua Xiao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yunyi Le
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Shan Lang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Rui Wei
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jin Yang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Tianpei Hong
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China.
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18
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Atanes P, Ruz-Maldonado I, Hawkes R, Liu B, Zhao M, Huang GC, Al-Amily IM, Salehi A, Amisten S, Persaud SJ. Defining G protein-coupled receptor peptide ligand expressomes and signalomes in human and mouse islets. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:3039-3050. [PMID: 29455414 PMCID: PMC6061145 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2778-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Islets synthesise and secrete numerous peptides, some of which are known to be important regulators of islet function and glucose homeostasis. In this study, we quantified mRNAs encoding all peptide ligands of islet G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) in isolated human and mouse islets and carried out in vitro islet hormone secretion studies to provide functional confirmation for the species-specific role of peptide YY (PYY) in mouse islets. MATERIALS AND METHODS GPCR peptide ligand mRNAs in human and mouse islets were quantified by quantitative real-time PCR relative to the reference genes ACTB, GAPDH, PPIA, TBP and TFRC. The pathways connecting GPCR peptide ligands with their receptors were identified by manual searches in the PubMed, IUPHAR and Ingenuity databases. Distribution of PYY protein in mouse and human islets was determined by immunohistochemistry. Insulin, glucagon and somatostatin secretion from islets was measured by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS We have quantified GPCR peptide ligand mRNA expression in human and mouse islets and created specific signalomes mapping the pathways by which islet peptide ligands regulate human and mouse GPCR signalling. We also identified species-specific islet expression of several GPCR ligands. In particular, PYY mRNA levels were ~ 40,000-fold higher in mouse than human islets, suggesting a more important role of locally secreted Pyy in mouse islets. This was confirmed by IHC and functional experiments measuring insulin, glucagon and somatostatin secretion. DISCUSSION The detailed human and mouse islet GPCR peptide ligand atlases will allow accurate translation of mouse islet functional studies for the identification of GPCR/peptide signalling pathways relevant for human physiology, which may lead to novel treatment modalities of diabetes and metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricio Atanes
- Department of Diabetes, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK.
- Department of Diabetes, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, UK.
| | - Inmaculada Ruz-Maldonado
- Department of Diabetes, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Ross Hawkes
- Department of Diabetes, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Diabetes, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Min Zhao
- Department of Diabetes, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Guo Cai Huang
- Department of Diabetes, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Israa Mohammed Al-Amily
- Division of Islet Cell Physiology, Department of Clinical Science, SUS, University of Lund, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Albert Salehi
- Division of Islet Cell Physiology, Department of Clinical Science, SUS, University of Lund, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Stefan Amisten
- Department of Diabetes, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Shanta J Persaud
- Department of Diabetes, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK.
- Department of Diabetes, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, UK.
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19
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Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Mediates the Protective Effect of the Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV Inhibitor on Renal Fibrosis via Reducing the Phenotypic Conversion of Renal Microvascular Cells in Monocrotaline-Treated Rats. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:1864107. [PMID: 29607314 PMCID: PMC5828432 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1864107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Chronic kidney diseases are characterized by renal fibrosis with excessive matrix deposition, leading to a progressive loss of functional renal parenchyma and, eventually, renal failure. Renal microcirculation lesions, including the phenotypic conversion of vascular cells, contribute to renal fibrosis. Here, renal microcirculation lesions were established with monocrotaline (MCT, 60 mg/kg). Sitagliptin (40 mg/kg/d), a classical dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor, attenuated the renal microcirculation lesions by inhibiting glomerular tuft hypertrophy, glomerular mesangial expansion, and microvascular thrombosis. These effects of sitagliptin were mediated by glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R), since they were blocked by the GLP-1R antagonist exendin-3 (Ex-3, 40 ug/kg/d). The GLP-1R agonist liraglutide showed a similar renal protective effect in a dose-independent manner. In addition, sitagliptin, as well as liraglutide, alleviated the MCT-induced apoptosis of renal cells by increasing the expression of survival factor glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), which was abolished by the GLP-1R antagonist Ex-3. Sitagliptin and liraglutide also effectively ameliorated the conversion of vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) from a synthetic phenotype to contractile phenotype. Moreover, sitagliptin and liraglutide inhibited endothelial-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) via downregulating transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1). Collectively, these findings suggest that DPP-4 inhibition can reduce microcirculation lesion-induced renal fibrosis in a GLP-1-dependent manner.
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20
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Hummel S, Beyerlein A, Pfirrmann M, Hofelich A, Much D, Hivner S, Bunk M, Herbst M, Peplow C, Walter M, Kohn D, Hummel N, Kratzsch J, Hummel M, Füchtenbusch M, Hasford J, Ziegler AG. Efficacy of vildagliptin for prevention of postpartum diabetes in women with a recent history of insulin-requiring gestational diabetes: A phase II, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Mol Metab 2018; 9:168-175. [PMID: 29396374 PMCID: PMC5869734 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2017.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2017] [Revised: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Women with insulin-requiring gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are at high risk of developing diabetes within a few years postpartum. We implemented this phase II study to test the hypothesis that vildagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, is superior to placebo in terms of reducing the risk of postpartum diabetes. Methods Women with insulin-requiring GDM were randomized to either placebo or 50 mg vildagliptin twice daily for 24 months followed by a 12-month observation period (EudraCT: 2007-000634-39). Both groups received lifestyle counseling. The primary efficacy outcomes were the diagnosis of diabetes (American Diabetes Association (ADA) criteria) or impaired fasting glucose (IFG)/impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). Results Between 2008 and 2015, 113 patients (58 vildagliptin, 55 placebo) were randomized within 2.2–10.4 (median 8.6) months after delivery. At the interim analysis, nine diabetic events and 28 IFG/IGT events had occurred. Fifty-two women withdrew before completing the treatment phase. Because of the low diabetes rate, the study was terminated. Lifestyle adherence was similar in both groups. At 24 months, the cumulative probability of postpartum diabetes was 3% and 5% (hazard ratio: 1.03; 95% confidence interval: 0.15–7.36) and IFG/IGT was 43% and 22% (hazard ratio: 0.55; 95% confidence interval: 0.26–1.19) in the placebo and vildagliptin groups, respectively. Vildagliptin was well tolerated with no unexpected adverse events. Conclusions The study did not show significant superiority of vildagliptin over placebo in terms of reducing the risk of postpartum diabetes. However, treatment was safe and suggested some improvements in glycemic control, insulin resistance, and β-cell function. The study identified critical issues in performing clinical trials in the early postpartum period in women with GDM hampering efficacy assessments. With this knowledge, we have set a basis for which properly powered trials could be performed in women with recent GDM. Trial registration number at ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01018602. Treatment with vildagliptin suggested positive effects on β-cell function and HbA1c. Treatment with vildagliptin was safe. Contraindication of vildagliptin during lactation led to exclusion of women with early postpartum diabetes. Slow enrolment and high drop-out rates are major challenges in studies of women with GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Hummel
- Forschergruppe Diabetes e.V. am Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Institute of Diabetes Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, and Forschergruppe Diabetes, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Beyerlein
- Institute of Diabetes Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, and Forschergruppe Diabetes, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Markus Pfirrmann
- Institut für Medizinische Informationsverarbeitung, Biometrie und Epidemiologie (IBE), Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377 München, Germany
| | - Anna Hofelich
- Forschergruppe Diabetes e.V. am Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Institute of Diabetes Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, and Forschergruppe Diabetes, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Daniela Much
- Forschergruppe Diabetes e.V. am Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Institute of Diabetes Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, and Forschergruppe Diabetes, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Susanne Hivner
- Forschergruppe Diabetes e.V. am Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Institute of Diabetes Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, and Forschergruppe Diabetes, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Melanie Bunk
- Forschergruppe Diabetes e.V. am Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Melanie Herbst
- Forschergruppe Diabetes e.V. am Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Claudia Peplow
- Forschergruppe Diabetes e.V. am Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Institute of Diabetes Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, and Forschergruppe Diabetes, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Markus Walter
- Forschergruppe Diabetes e.V. am Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Denise Kohn
- Institut für Medizinische Informationsverarbeitung, Biometrie und Epidemiologie (IBE), Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377 München, Germany
| | - Nadine Hummel
- Institute of Diabetes Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, and Forschergruppe Diabetes, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Kratzsch
- Institut für Laboratoriumsmedizin, Klinische Chemie und Molekulare Diagnostik, Uniklinikum Leipzig, Paul-List-Str. 13/15, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Michael Hummel
- Forschergruppe Diabetes e.V. am Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Martin Füchtenbusch
- Forschergruppe Diabetes e.V. am Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Joerg Hasford
- Institut für Medizinische Informationsverarbeitung, Biometrie und Epidemiologie (IBE), Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377 München, Germany
| | - Anette-G Ziegler
- Forschergruppe Diabetes e.V. am Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Institute of Diabetes Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, and Forschergruppe Diabetes, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
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21
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Soares JMD, Pereira Leal AEB, Silva JC, Almeida JRGS, de Oliveira HP. Influence of Flavonoids on Mechanism of Modulation of Insulin Secretion. Pharmacogn Mag 2017; 13:639-646. [PMID: 29200726 PMCID: PMC5701404 DOI: 10.4103/pm.pm_87_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The development of alternatives for insulin secretion control in vivo or in vitro represents an important aspect to be investigated. In this direction, natural products have been progressively explored with this aim. In particular, flavonoids are potential candidates to act as insulin secretagogue. OBJECTIVE To study the influence of flavonoid on overall modulation mechanisms of insulin secretion. METHODS The research was conducted in the following databases and platforms: PubMed, Scopus, ISI Web of Knowledge, SciELO, LILACS, and ScienceDirect, and the MeSH terms used for the search were flavonoids, flavones, islets of Langerhans, and insulin-secreting cells. RESULTS Twelve articles were included and represent the basis of discussion on mechanisms of insulin secretion of flavonoids. Papers in ISI Web of Knowledge were in number of 1, Scopus 44, PubMed 264, ScienceDirect 511, and no papers from LILACS and SciELO databases. CONCLUSION According to the literature, the majority of flavonoid subclasses can modulate insulin secretion through several pathways, in an indication that corresponding molecule is a potential candidate for active materials to be applied in the treatment of diabetes. SUMMARY The action of natural products on insulin secretion represents an important investigation topic due to their importance in the diabetes controlIn addition to their typical antioxidant properties, flavonoids contribute to the insulin secretionThe modulation of insulin secretion is induced by flavonoids according to different mechanisms. Abbreviations used: KATP channels: ATP-sensitive K+ channels, GLUT4: Glucose transporter 4, ERK1/2: Extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases 1 and 2, L-VDCCs: L-type voltage-dependent Ca+2 channels, GLUT1: Glucose transporter 1, AMPK: Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase, PTP1B: Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B, GLUT2: Glucose transporter 2, cAMP: Cyclic adenosine monophosphate, PKA: Protein kinase A, PTK: Protein tyrosine kinase, CaMK II: Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II, GSIS: Glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, Insig-1: Insulin-induced gene 1, IRS-2: Insulin receptor substrate 2, PDX-1: Pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1, SREBP-1c: Sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c, DMC: Dihydroxy-6'-methoxy-3',5'-dimethylchalcone, GLP-1: Glucagon-like peptide-1, GLP-1R: Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Juliane Cabral Silva
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil
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22
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Julliard AK, Al Koborssy D, Fadool DA, Palouzier-Paulignan B. Nutrient Sensing: Another Chemosensitivity of the Olfactory System. Front Physiol 2017; 8:468. [PMID: 28747887 PMCID: PMC5506222 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Olfaction is a major sensory modality involved in real time perception of the chemical composition of the external environment. Olfaction favors anticipation and rapid adaptation of behavioral responses necessary for animal survival. Furthermore, recent studies have demonstrated that there is a direct action of metabolic peptides on the olfactory network. Orexigenic peptides such as ghrelin and orexin increase olfactory sensitivity, which in turn, is decreased by anorexigenic hormones such as insulin and leptin. In addition to peptides, nutrients can play a key role on neuronal activity. Very little is known about nutrient sensing in olfactory areas. Nutrients, such as carbohydrates, amino acids, and lipids, could play a key role in modulating olfactory sensitivity to adjust feeding behavior according to metabolic need. Here we summarize recent findings on nutrient-sensing neurons in olfactory areas and delineate the limits of our knowledge on this topic. The present review opens new lines of investigations on the relationship between olfaction and food intake, which could contribute to determining the etiology of metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- A-Karyn Julliard
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon (CRNL), INSERM U1028/Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR5292 Team Olfaction: From Coding to MemoryLyon, France
| | - Dolly Al Koborssy
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State UniversityTallahassee, FL, United States.,Program in Neuroscience, Florida State UniversityTallahassee, FL, United States
| | - Debra A Fadool
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State UniversityTallahassee, FL, United States.,Program in Neuroscience, Florida State UniversityTallahassee, FL, United States.,Institute of Molecular Biophysics, Florida State UniversityTallahassee, FL, United States
| | - Brigitte Palouzier-Paulignan
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon (CRNL), INSERM U1028/Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR5292 Team Olfaction: From Coding to MemoryLyon, France
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23
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Grasset E, Puel A, Charpentier J, Collet X, Christensen JE, Tercé F, Burcelin R. A Specific Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis of Type 2 Diabetic Mice Induces GLP-1 Resistance through an Enteric NO-Dependent and Gut-Brain Axis Mechanism. Cell Metab 2017; 25:1075-1090.e5. [PMID: 28467926 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2017.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Revised: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1)-based therapies control glycemia in type 2 diabetic (T2D) patients. However, in some patients the treatment must be discontinued, defining a state of GLP-1 resistance. In animal models we identified a specific set of ileum bacteria impairing the GLP-1-activated gut-brain axis for the control of insulin secretion and gastric emptying. Using prediction algorithms, we identified bacterial pathways related to amino acid metabolism and transport system modules associated to GLP-1 resistance. The conventionalization of germ-free mice demonstrated their role in enteric neuron biology and the gut-brain-periphery axis. Altogether, insulin secretion and gastric emptying require functional GLP-1 receptor and neuronal nitric oxide synthase in the enteric nervous system within a eubiotic gut microbiota environment. Our data open a novel route to improve GLP-1-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estelle Grasset
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), 31024 Toulouse, France; Université Paul Sabatier (UPS), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1048, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Team 2: Intestinal Risk Factors, Diabetes, Dyslipidemia, Heart Failure, F-31432 Toulouse, Cedex 4, France
| | - Anthony Puel
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), 31024 Toulouse, France; Université Paul Sabatier (UPS), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1048, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Team 2: Intestinal Risk Factors, Diabetes, Dyslipidemia, Heart Failure, F-31432 Toulouse, Cedex 4, France
| | - Julie Charpentier
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), 31024 Toulouse, France; Université Paul Sabatier (UPS), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1048, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Team 2: Intestinal Risk Factors, Diabetes, Dyslipidemia, Heart Failure, F-31432 Toulouse, Cedex 4, France
| | - Xavier Collet
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), 31024 Toulouse, France; Université Paul Sabatier (UPS), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1048, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Team 2: Intestinal Risk Factors, Diabetes, Dyslipidemia, Heart Failure, F-31432 Toulouse, Cedex 4, France
| | - Jeffrey E Christensen
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), 31024 Toulouse, France; Université Paul Sabatier (UPS), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1048, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Team 2: Intestinal Risk Factors, Diabetes, Dyslipidemia, Heart Failure, F-31432 Toulouse, Cedex 4, France
| | - François Tercé
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), 31024 Toulouse, France; Université Paul Sabatier (UPS), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1048, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Team 2: Intestinal Risk Factors, Diabetes, Dyslipidemia, Heart Failure, F-31432 Toulouse, Cedex 4, France
| | - Rémy Burcelin
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), 31024 Toulouse, France; Université Paul Sabatier (UPS), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1048, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Team 2: Intestinal Risk Factors, Diabetes, Dyslipidemia, Heart Failure, F-31432 Toulouse, Cedex 4, France.
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24
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Tuesta LM, Chen Z, Duncan A, Fowler CD, Ishikawa M, Lee BR, Liu XA, Lu Q, Cameron M, Hayes MR, Kamenecka TM, Pletcher M, Kenny PJ. GLP-1 acts on habenular avoidance circuits to control nicotine intake. Nat Neurosci 2017; 20:708-716. [PMID: 28368384 PMCID: PMC5541856 DOI: 10.1038/nn.4540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Tobacco smokers titrate their nicotine intake to avoid its noxious effects, sensitivity to which may influence vulnerability to tobacco dependence, yet mechanisms of nicotine avoidance are poorly understood. Here we show that nicotine activates glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) neurons in the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS). The antidiabetic drugs sitagliptin and exenatide, which inhibit GLP-1 breakdown and stimulate GLP-1 receptors, respectively, decreased nicotine intake in mice. Chemogenetic activation of GLP-1 neurons in NTS similarly decreased nicotine intake. Conversely, Glp1r knockout mice consumed greater quantities of nicotine than wild-type mice. Using optogenetic stimulation, we show that GLP-1 excites medial habenular (MHb) projections to the interpeduncular nucleus (IPN). Activation of GLP-1 receptors in the MHb-IPN circuit abolished nicotine reward and decreased nicotine intake, whereas their knockdown or pharmacological blockade increased intake. GLP-1 neurons may therefore serve as 'satiety sensors' for nicotine that stimulate habenular systems to promote nicotine avoidance before its aversive effects are encountered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis M Tuesta
- Department of Molecular Therapeutics, The Scripps Research Institute Jupiter, Florida, USA.,The Kellogg School of Science and Technology, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida, USA
| | - Zuxin Chen
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Alexander Duncan
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Christie D Fowler
- Department of Molecular Therapeutics, The Scripps Research Institute Jupiter, Florida, USA
| | - Masago Ishikawa
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Brian R Lee
- Department of Molecular Therapeutics, The Scripps Research Institute Jupiter, Florida, USA
| | - Xin-An Liu
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Qun Lu
- Department of Molecular Therapeutics, The Scripps Research Institute Jupiter, Florida, USA
| | - Michael Cameron
- Department of Molecular Therapeutics, The Scripps Research Institute Jupiter, Florida, USA
| | - Matthew R Hayes
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Theodore M Kamenecka
- Department of Molecular Therapeutics, The Scripps Research Institute Jupiter, Florida, USA
| | - Matthew Pletcher
- Department of Molecular Therapeutics, The Scripps Research Institute Jupiter, Florida, USA.,Autism Speaks, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Paul J Kenny
- Department of Molecular Therapeutics, The Scripps Research Institute Jupiter, Florida, USA
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25
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Wang A, Li T, An P, Yan W, Zheng H, Wang B, Mu Y. Exendin-4 Upregulates Adiponectin Level in Adipocytes via Sirt1/Foxo-1 Signaling Pathway. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0169469. [PMID: 28122026 PMCID: PMC5266308 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0169469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor plays an essential role in regulating glucose metabolism. GLP-1 receptor agonists have been widely used for treating diabetes and other insulin resistance-related diseases. However, mechanisms underlying the anti-diabetic effects of GLP-1 receptor agonists remain largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the effects of GLP-1 agonist exendin-4 on the expression of adiponectin, an insulin sensitizing hormone. We found that exendin-4 increased the expression and secretion of adiponectin both in vitro and in vivo. Our data showed that exendin-4 upregulated adiponectin expression at both mRNA and protein levels in adipocytes and adipose tissues. The effects of exendin-4 on adiponectin expression were dependent on the GLP-1 receptor. We further demonstrated important roles of Sirt1 and transcriptional factor Foxo-1 in mediating the function of exendin-4 in regulating adiponectin expression. Suppression of Sirt1 or Foxo-1 expression significantly impaired exendin-4-induced adiponectin expression. Consistently, exendin-4 up-regulated Sirt1 and Foxo-1 expression in vivo. Our work is the first study demonstrating the role of Sirt1/Foxo-1 in regulating the regulatory function of a GLP-1 receptor agonist in adiponectin expression both in vitro and in vivo. The results provide important information for the mechanism underlying the function of GLP-1R on improving insulin resistance and related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anping Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ping An
- Department of Endocrinology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wenhua Yan
- Department of Endocrinology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Zheng
- Department of Endocrinology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Baoan Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yiming Mu
- Department of Endocrinology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- * E-mail:
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26
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Zheng YC, He H, Wei X, Ge S, Lu YH. Comparison of Regulation Mechanisms of Five Mulberry Ingredients on Insulin Secretion under Oxidative Stress. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:8763-8772. [PMID: 27802600 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b03845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The effects of mulberry ingredients including 1-deoxynojrimycin (DNJ), resveratrol (RES), oxyresveratrol (OXY), cyanidin-3-glucoside (C3G), and cyanidin-3-rutinoside (C3R) on insulin secretion under oxidative stress were investigated. The results revealed that they had distinct effects on insulin secretion in H2O2-induced MIN 6 cells, especially DNJ, C3G, and C3R, while RES and OXY showed modest effects in low dose (12.5 μM). The mechanisms were demonstrated in signal pathway that after treatment with DNJ, C3G, and C3R, the expressions of glucokinase (GK) were up-regulated, leading to intracellular ATP accumulation and insulin secretion. They also bound to glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R), improved GLP-1R, duodenal homeobox factor-1 (PDX-1) expression, and stimulated insulin secretion. Moreover, ROS production was inhibited, followed by a decreasing apoptosis rate, while RES and OXY accelerated the apoptosis at high dose (50 μM). This work expounded the potential mechanisms of mulberry ingredients on insulin secretion, indicating the potential application in the intervention against hyperglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Chong Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology , 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology , 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao He
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology , 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology , 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology , 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology , 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng Ge
- Clinical Nutrition Department, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital , Shanghai 200233, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Hua Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology , 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology , 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, People's Republic of China
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Zhou T, Zhang M, Zhao L, Li A, Qin X. Activation of Nrf2 contributes to the protective effect of Exendin-4 against angiotensin II-induced vascular smooth muscle cell senescence. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2016; 311:C572-C582. [PMID: 27488664 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00093.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress and impaired antioxidant defense are believed to be contributors to the cardiovascular aging process. The transcription factor nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) plays a key role in orchestrating cellular antioxidant defenses and maintaining redox homeostasis. Our previous study showed that Exendin-4, a glucagon-like peptide-1 analog, alleviates angiotensin II (ANG II)-induced vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) senescence by inhibiting Rac1 activation via cAMP/PKA (Zhao L, Li AQ, Zhou TF, Zhang MQ, Qin XM. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 307: C1130-C1141, 2014). The objective of this study is to investigate if Nrf2 mediates the antisenescent effect of Exendin-4 in ANG II-induced VSMCs. Here we report that Exendin-4 triggered Nrf2 nuclear translocation, a downstream target of cAMP-responsive element-binding protein (CREB) and expressions of antioxidant genes heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase-1 (NQO-1) in a dose- and time-dependent manner. In addition, knock-down of Nrf2 attenuated the inhibitory effects of Exendin-4 on ANG II-induced superoxidant generation and VSMC senescence. PKA/CREB pathway participated in the upregulations of HO-1 and NQO-1 induced by Exendin-4. Notably, our study revealed that Exendin-4 dose-dependently increased the acetylation of Nrf2 and the recruitment of transcriptional coactivator CREB binding protein (CBP) to Nrf2. The Exendin-4-induced Nrf2 transactivation was diminished in the presence of CBP small interfering RNA. Microscope imaging of Nrf2, as well as immunoblotting for Nrf2, showed that the Exendin-4-evoked Nrf2 acetylation favored its nuclear retention. Importantly, CBP silencing attenuated the suppressing effects of Exendin-4 on ANG II-induced VSMC senescence and superoxidant production. In conclusion, these results provide a mechanistic insight into how Nrf2 signaling mediates the antisenescent and antioxidative effects induced by Exendin-4 in VSMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengfei Zhou
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China; and Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science of Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Mengqian Zhang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China; and Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science of Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Liang Zhao
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China; and Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science of Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Aiqin Li
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China; and Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science of Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaomei Qin
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China; and Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science of Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
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Li S, Xu H, Cui S, Wu F, Zhang Y, Su M, Gong Y, Qiu S, Jiao Q, Qin C, Shan J, Zhang M, Wang J, Yin Q, Xu M, Liu X, Wang R, Zhu L, Li J, Xu Y, Jiang H, Zhao Z, Li J, Li H. Discovery and Rational Design of Natural-Product-Derived 2-Phenyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-benzo[f]chromen-3-amine Analogs as Novel and Potent Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 (DPP-4) Inhibitors for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes. J Med Chem 2016; 59:6772-90. [PMID: 27396490 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b00505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Starting from the lead isodaphnetin, a natural product inhibitor of DPP-4 discovered through a target fishing docking based approach, a series of novel 2-phenyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-benzo[f]chromen-3-amine derivatives as potent DPP-4 inhibitors are rationally designed utilizing highly efficient 3D molecular similarity based scaffold hopping as well as electrostatic complementary methods. Those ingenious drug design strategies bring us approximate 7400-fold boost in potency. Compounds 22a and 24a are the most potent ones (IC50 ≈ 2.0 nM) with good pharmacokinetic profiles. Compound 22a demonstrated stable pharmacological effect. A 3 mg/kg oral dose provided >80% inhibition of DPP-4 activity within 24 h, which is comparable to the performance of the long-acting control omarigliptin. Moreover, the efficacy of 22a in improving the glucose tolerance is also comparable with omarigliptin. In this study, not only promising DPP-4 inhibitors as long acting antidiabetic that are clinically on demand are identified, but the target fish docking and medicinal chemistry strategies were successfully implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiliang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Hongling Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Shichao Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Fangshu Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Youli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Mingbo Su
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yinghui Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Shaobing Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Qian Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Chun Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jiwei Shan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jiawei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Qiao Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Minghao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xiaofeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Rui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Lili Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yufang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Hualiang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zhenjiang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jingya Li
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Honglin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai 200237, China
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Li P, Zhu L, Wang G, Yang X, Yi B, Zhu S. The role of foregut exclusion in the deterioration of glucose and lipid metabolism induced by a high-fat diet. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2016; 114:83-92. [PMID: 26827117 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2016.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Revised: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
AIM The small intestine may be involved in the improvement of glucose and lipid metabolism after bariatric surgery; however, the role of the foregut in metabolic changes remains unclear. This study used normal rats fed a high-fat diet (HFD) after bariatric surgery to determine the role of the foregut in glucose and lipid metabolism. METHODS Duodenum-jejunum bypass (DJB), gastrojejunostomy (GJ) and sham-operations were performed on Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Oral glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity, β-cell function, lipid profile, glucose-stimulated glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) levels and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) levels were measured. The rats were observed for 24 weeks post-surgery. RESULTS Food intake and body weight were similar between the groups during the study period (P>0.05). The DJB group exhibited better glucose and lipid metabolism than the other groups (P<0.05). Compared with the GJ group, the DJB group demonstrated superior oral glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity and lipid profiles (P<0.05); β-cell function in the two groups was similar (P>0.05). The GIP levels were decreased in the DJB group and increased in the GJ group (P<0.05), and the GLP-1 levels were increased in the DJB and GJ groups (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS We found that foregut exclusion can prevent disordered glucose and lipid metabolism. Additionally, decreased GIP secretion was associated with improvements in glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity, particularly related to lipid metabolism. Increased GLP-1 benefited β-cell function; however, it could not reverse the disordered glucose and lipid metabolism induced by a HFD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengzhou Li
- Department of General Surgery, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Liyong Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Guohui Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Xiangwu Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Bo Yi
- Department of General Surgery, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Shaihong Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China.
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Chon S, Gautier JF. An Update on the Effect of Incretin-Based Therapies on β-Cell Function and Mass. Diabetes Metab J 2016; 40:99-114. [PMID: 27126881 PMCID: PMC4853229 DOI: 10.4093/dmj.2016.40.2.99] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a multifactorial disease with a complex and progressive pathogenesis. The two primary mechanisms of T2DM pathogenesis are pancreatic β-cell dysfunction and insulin resistance. Pancreatic β-cell dysfunction is recognized to be a prerequisite for the development of T2DM. Therapeutic modalities that improve β-cell function are considered critical to T2DM management; however, blood glucose control remains a challenge for many patients due to suboptimal treatment efficacy and the progressive nature of T2DM. Incretin-based therapies are now the most frequently prescribed antidiabetic drugs in Korea. Incretin-based therapies are a favorable class of drugs due to their ability to reduce blood glucose by targeting the incretin hormone system and, most notably, their potential to improve pancreatic β-cell function. This review outlines the current understanding of the incretin hormone system in T2DM and summarizes recent updates on the effect of incretin-based therapies on β-cell function and β-cell mass in animals and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suk Chon
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jean François Gautier
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, DHU FIRE, Lariboisière Hospital, University Paris-Diderot Paris-7, Paris, France.
- Clinical Investigation Center, INSERM-CIC9504, Saint-Louis University Hospital, University Paris-Diderot Paris-7, Paris, France
- INSERM UMRS 1138, Cordeliers Research Center, University Pierre et Marie Curie Paris-6, Paris, France
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION The regenerating gene (Reg) was identified in regenerating islets and its related genes were revealed to constitute the Reg gene family. Reg family proteins act as growth factors for several cells. Recently, autoimmunity against the Reg family proteins has been reported in several diseases. In addition, the Reg family genes were found to be expressed in a large number of cancers and to influence prognosis. AREAS COVERED The historical background and current view of the structure, function, and expression of Reg family genes/proteins and their physiological/pathological significance in several diseases are described. Based on the findings, the diagnostic/therapeutic potential of Reg family genes/proteins is also discussed. EXPERT OPINION Autoimmunity against Reg family proteins may be a new diagnostic marker and/or therapeutic target for immune-mediated diseases. Treatment aimed at the expansion of the β-cell mass by the Reg genes/proteins, combined with the abrogation of autoimmunity, constitutes a potential approach for the treatment of diabetes. Conversely, some cancer cells have gained the ability to overexpress the Reg genes/proteins, thereby enhancing their proliferative capacities, resulting in these cells having a considerable growth advantage. Thus, the Reg genes/proteins are expected to be a new prognostic marker in cancer and/or a future therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin Takasawa
- a Department of Biochemistry , Nara Medical University , Kashihara , Japan
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32
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Weng J, Retnakaran R, Ariachery C A, Ji L, Meneghini L, Yang W, Woo JT. Short-term intensive insulin therapy at diagnosis in type 2 diabetes: plan for filling the gaps. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2015; 31:537-44. [PMID: 25196375 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.2603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Revised: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 08/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Short-term intensive insulin therapy is unique amongst therapies for type 2 diabetes because it offers the potential to preserve and improve beta-cell function without additional pharmacological treatment. On the basis of clinical experience and the promising results of a series of studies in newly diagnosed patients, mostly in Asian populations, an expert workshop was convened to assess the available evidence and the potential application of short-term intensive insulin therapy should it be advocated for inclusion in clinical practice. Participants included primary care physicians and endocrinologists. We endorse the concept of short-term intensive insulin therapy as an option for some patients with type 2 diabetes at the time of diagnosis and have identified the following six areas where additional knowledge could help clarify optimal use in clinical practice: (1) generalizability to primary care, (2) target population and biomarkers, (3) follow-up treatment, (4) education of patients and providers, (5) relevance of ethnicity, and (6) health economics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianping Weng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, Sun Yat-sen University of Medical Sciences, Canton, China
- Department of Endocrinology at Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University of Medical Sciences, Canton, China
| | - Ravi Retnakaran
- Leadership Sinai Centre for Diabetes and Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Ammini Ariachery C
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Linong Ji
- Department of Endocrinology, Peking University Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Luigi Meneghini
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Wenying Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jeong-Taek Woo
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
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Fukui K, Kawahito H, Wakana N, Kikai M, Terada K, Yamamoto K, Irie D, Kato T, Miyagawa S, Yamada H. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor sitagliptin improves pancreatic β-cell function in hypertensive diabetic patients treated with angiotensin receptor blockers. J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst 2015. [PMID: 26195265 DOI: 10.1177/1470320315587180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)-4 inhibitors, a novel oral anti-diabetic agents, exert a protective effect on pancreatic β-cell function in patients with type 2 diabetic mellitus (T2DM). However, their beneficial effect in hypertensive T2DM patients treated with angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) has not been investigated. METHODS In this open-label multicenter randomized study, a total of 55 hypertensive T2DM patients treated with ARBs were randomly assigned to receive the DPP-4 inhibitor sitagliptin or sulfonylurea (SU). RESULTS After 24 weeks of treatment, a significant reduction in fasting blood glucose was only observed in the sitagliptin group, while HbA1c was significantly reduced in both groups. Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance was not significantly improved in either group. Indicators of pancreatic β-cell function, including proinsulin to insulin ratio and homeostasis model assessment of β-cell function, were significantly improved in the sitagliptin group, but not in the SU group. The beneficial effects of sitagliptin were observed in hypoglycemic drug naïve patients, but not in patients who had received SU monotherapy prior to the study. CONCLUSION Treatment with the DPP-4 inhibitor sitagliptin might exert beneficial effects on pancreatic β-cell function in ARB-treated T2DM patients and its efficacy might be more pronounced in hypoglycemic drug naïve patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kensuke Fukui
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kawahito
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Wakana
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Japan
| | - Masakazu Kikai
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Japan
| | - Kensuke Terada
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Japan
| | - Keita Yamamoto
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Japan
| | - Daisuke Irie
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Japan
| | - Taku Kato
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Japan
| | - Sonoko Miyagawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Yamada
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Japan
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Tella SH, Rendell MS. Glucagon-like polypeptide agonists in type 2 diabetes mellitus: efficacy and tolerability, a balance. Ther Adv Endocrinol Metab 2015; 6:109-34. [PMID: 26137215 PMCID: PMC4480552 DOI: 10.1177/2042018815580257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucagon-like polypeptide (GLP-1) receptor agonist treatment has multiple effects on glucose metabolism, supports the β cell, and promotes weight loss. There are now five GLP-1 agonists in clinical use with more in development. GLP-1 treatment typically can induce a lowering of hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) of 0.5-1.5% over time with weight loss of 2-5%. In some individuals, a progressive loss of weight occurs. There is evidence that GLP-1 therapy opposes the loss of β cells which is a feature of type 2 diabetes. The chief downside of GLP-1 treatment is the gastrointestinal motility disturbance which is one of the modes of action of the hormone; significant nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea may lead to discontinuation of treatment. Although daily injection of GLP-1 agents is successful, the development of extended release preparations allows for injection once weekly, and perhaps much longer in the future. The indication for GLP-1 use is diabetes, but now, liraglutide has been approved for primary treatment of obesity. When oral agents fail to control glucose levels in type 2 diabetes, there is a choice between long-acting insulin and GLP-1 agonists as additional treatments. The lowering of HbA1c by either modality is equivalent in most studies. Patients lose weight with GLP-1 treatment and gain weight on insulin. There is a lower incidence of hypoglycemia with GLP-1 therapy but a much higher incidence of gastrointestinal complaints. Insulin dosing is flexible while GLP-1 agents have historically been administered at fixed dosages. Now, the use of combined long-acting insulin and GLP-1 agonists is promising a major therapeutic change. Combined therapy takes advantage of the benefits of both insulin and GLP-1 agents. Furthermore, direct admixture of both in the same syringe will permit flexible dosing, improvement of glucose levels, and reduction of both hypoglycemia and gastrointestinal side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sri Harsha Tella
- Resident Physician (PGY 3), Department of Internal Medicine, Creighton University, 601 North 30th Street, Omaha, NE 68131, USA
| | - Marc S Rendell
- Professor of Medicine and Director of the Creighton Diabetes Center and Executive Director of the Association of Diabetes Investigators
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Kim MK, Cho JH, Lee JJ, Son MH, Lee KJ. Proteomic analysis of INS-1 rat insulinoma cells: ER stress effects and the protective role of exenatide, a GLP-1 receptor agonist. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0120536. [PMID: 25793496 PMCID: PMC4368701 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0120536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Beta cell death caused by endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is a key factor aggravating type 2 diabetes. Exenatide, a glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1 receptor agonist, prevents beta cell death induced by thapsigargin, a selective inhibitor of ER calcium storage. Here, we report on our proteomic studies designed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. We conducted comparative proteomic analyses of cellular protein profiles during thapsigargin-induced cell death in the absence and presence of exenatide in INS-1 rat insulinoma cells. Thapsigargin altered cellular proteins involved in metabolic processes and protein folding, whose alterations were variably modified by exenatide treatment. We categorized the proteins with thapsigargin initiated alterations into three groups: those whose alterations were 1) reversed by exenatide, 2) exaggerated by exenatide, and 3) unchanged by exenatide. The most significant effect of thapsigargin on INS-1 cells relevant to their apoptosis was the appearance of newly modified spots of heat shock proteins, thimet oligopeptidase and 14-3-3β, ε, and θ, and the prevention of their appearance by exenatide, suggesting that these proteins play major roles. We also found that various modifications in 14-3-3 isoforms, which precede their appearance and promote INS-1 cell death. This study provides insights into the mechanisms in ER stress-caused INS-1 cell death and its prevention by exenatide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Kyung Kim
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120–750, Republic of Korea
- Dong-A ST Research Institute, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 446–905, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Hwan Cho
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120–750, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Jin Lee
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120–750, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon-Ho Son
- Dong-A ST Research Institute, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 446–905, Republic of Korea
| | - Kong-Joo Lee
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120–750, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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Maffei A, Segal AM, Alvarez-Perez JC, Garcia-Ocaña A, Harris PE. Anti-incretin, Anti-proliferative Action of Dopamine on β-Cells. Mol Endocrinol 2015; 29:542-57. [PMID: 25751312 DOI: 10.1210/me.2014-1273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Human islet β-cells exploit an autocrine dopamine (DA)-mediated inhibitory circuit to regulate insulin secretion. β-Cells also express the DA active transporter and the large neutral amino acid transporter heterodimer enabling them to import circulating DA or its biosynthetic precursor, L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA). The capacity to import DA or L-DOPA from the extracellular space possibly indicates that DA may be an endocrine signal as well. In humans, a mixed meal stimulus is accompanied by contemporary serum excursions of incretins, DA and L-DOPA, suggesting that DA may act as an anti-incretin as postulated by the foregut hypothesis proposed to explain the early effects of bariatric surgery on type 2 diabetes. In this report, we take a translational step backwards and characterize the kinetics of plasma DA and incretin production after a mixed meal challenge in a rat model and study the integration of incretin and DA signaling at the biochemical level in a rodent β-cell line and islets. We found that there are similar excursions of incretins and DA in rats, as those reported in humans, after a mixed meal challenge and that DA counters incretin enhanced glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and intracellular signaling at multiple points from dampening calcium fluxes to inhibiting proliferation as well as apoptosis. Our data suggest that DA is an important regulator of insulin secretion and may represent 1 axis of a gut level circuit of glucose and β-cell mass homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Maffei
- Division of Endocrinology (A.M., P.H.), Department of Medicine, and Department of Surgery (A.M.S.), Columbia University Medical College, New York, New York 10032; Institute of Genetics and Biophysics (A.M.), Adriano Buzzati-Traverso, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 80131 Naples, Italy; and Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Bone Diseases (J.C.A.-P., A.G.-O.), Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai and The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, New York, New York 10029
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Ramachandran K, Peng X, Bokvist K, Stehno-Bittel L. Assessment of re-aggregated human pancreatic islets for secondary drug screening. Br J Pharmacol 2015; 171:3010-22. [PMID: 24641508 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2013] [Revised: 01/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Insulin secretion from isolated pancreatic islets is a pivotal assay in developing novel insulin secretagogues, given its good correlation with in vivo efficacy. Because the supply of human islets is limited, this assay is typically run with rodent islets, which do not address species differences and are low-throughput, because of the size matching or volume normalization required. Here we have evaluated the suitability of human re-aggregated islets for this assay. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We generated re-aggregated human islets of a consistent size, using micromolds and compared their responses with those of native human and rat islets, to known secretagogues and inhibitors of insulin release. KEY RESULTS Insulin secretion from rat islets, human islets and human re-aggregated cell clusters was concentration-dependently increased by glucose. The calcium channel agonist, Bay K 8644, stimulated insulin secretion in native rat islets and human re-aggregated islets, but not native human islets. Glibenclamide and tolbutamide were more effective and potent in re-aggregated human clusters compared with the other two preparations. Rat islets outperformed both human preparations of islets in response to caffeine, carbachol and glucagon-like peptide-1. Re-aggregated human islet clusters were more sensitive to somatostatin, diazoxide and sodium azide, but rodent islets were more sensitive to nifedipine. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Human re-aggregated clusters of islet cells, of a constant size were more responsive to all compounds tested than native human islets. Importantly, the assay variability was less in the re-aggregated cluster preparations, which suggests that such re-aggregated cells could be useful for drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Ramachandran
- University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
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Jung MJ, Kwon SK. Expression of glucagon-like Peptide-1 receptor in papillary thyroid carcinoma and its clinicopathologic significance. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul) 2014; 29:536-44. [PMID: 25559577 PMCID: PMC4285044 DOI: 10.3803/enm.2014.29.4.536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Revised: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Incretin-based therapies are rapidly becoming one of the main glycemic control strategies in diabetes. Considering the large numbers of papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTCs) and possible effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) on cell proliferation, the expression of GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) in PTC is likely to have clinical significance. We performed this study to evaluate the expression of GLP-1R in PTC and the clinical meaning of GLP-1R expression in PTC. METHODS Fifty-six cases of PTC, four cases of medullary thyroid cancer (MTC), seven cases of nodular hyperplasia and 56 normal thyroid tissue samples were selected for immunostaining for GLP-1R. Clinical parameters were obtained by retrospective review of medical records. RESULTS Immunohistochemical staining for GLP-1R showed immunoreactivity in 18 of 56 cases of PTC (32.1%). All four cases of MTC exhibited cytoplasmic GLP-1R expression. Nodular hyperplasia exhibited immunoreactivity in two of seven cases (28.6%). All normal thyroid follicular cells showed negative immunoreactivity. In univariable and multivariable analyses, tumor multifocality was negatively correlated with GLP-1R expression. Extrathyroidal extension showed positive association with GLP-1R expression that was almost significant. Sex, age, tumor size, and lymph node metastasis were not significantly associated with GLP-1R expression. CONCLUSION Some parts of PTC tissues express GLP-1R, and GLP-1R expression in PTC was negatively correlated with tumor multifocality. The long-term influence of pharmacologically increased GLP-1 on thyroid follicular cells and development and progression of tumors originating from thyroid follicular cells should be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Jung Jung
- Department of Pathology, Kosin University Gospel Hospital, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Su Kyoung Kwon
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kosin University Gospel Hospital, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea.
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Chon S, Riveline JP, Blondeau B, Gautier JF. Incretin-based therapy and pancreatic beta cells. DIABETES & METABOLISM 2014; 40:411-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.diabet.2014.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Revised: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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40
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Zhao L, Li AQ, Zhou TF, Zhang MQ, Qin XM. Exendin-4 alleviates angiotensin II-induced senescence in vascular smooth muscle cells by inhibiting Rac1 activation via a cAMP/PKA-dependent pathway. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2014; 307:C1130-41. [PMID: 25298426 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00151.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Vascular aging has been implicated in the progression of diabetes and age-related cardiovascular disorders. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is an incretin hormone capable of cytoprotective actions in addition to its glucose-lowering effect. The present study was undertaken to examine whether Exendin-4, a specific ligand for the GLP-1 receptor, could prevent angiotensin (ANG) II-induced premature senescence in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and to determine the underlying mechanism involved. Senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA β-gal) assay showed that ANG II induced premature senescence of VSMCs. Pretreatment with Exendin-4 significantly attenuated ANG II-induced generation of H2O2 and the subsequent VSMC senescence. These effects were, however, reversed in the presence of exendin fragment 9-39, a GLP-1 receptor antagonist, or PKI14-22. Moreover, a marked increase in the levels of p53 and p21 induced by ANG II was blunted by the treatment with Exendin-4. Nevertheless, Exendin-4 failed to decrease ANG II-induced expression of NAD(P)H oxidase 1 (Nox1), NAD(P)H oxidase 4 (Nox4), p22(phox), or p47(phox) in VSMCs. Mechanistically, Exendin-4 blocked ANG II-induced Rac1 activation through the cAMP/PKA signaling cascade. Specifically, NSC23766, a Rac1 inhibitor, abrogated the suppressive effects of Exendin-4 on ANG II-induced premature senescence and H2O2 generation, respectively. Thus Exendin-4 confers resistance to ANG II-induced superoxide anion generation from NAD(P)H oxidase and the resultant VSMC senescence by inhibiting Rac1 activation via a cAMP/PKA-dependent pathway. These findings demonstrate that GLP-1 as well as its analogs (GLP-1-related reagents) may hold therapeutic potential in the treatment of diabetes with cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhao
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China; and Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science of Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Ai Q Li
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China; and Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science of Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Teng F Zhou
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China; and Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science of Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Q Zhang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China; and Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science of Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao M Qin
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China; and Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science of Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
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The nonglycemic actions of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:368703. [PMID: 25140306 PMCID: PMC4129137 DOI: 10.1155/2014/368703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A cell surface serine protease, dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4), cleaves dipeptide from peptides containing proline or alanine in the N-terminal penultimate position. Two important incretin hormones, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP), enhance meal-stimulated insulin secretion from pancreatic β-cells, but are inactivated by DPP-4. Diabetes and hyperglycemia increase the DPP-4 protein level and enzymatic activity in blood and tissues. In addition, multiple other functions of DPP-4 suggest that DPP-4 inhibitor, a new class of antidiabetic agents, may have pleiotropic effects. Studies have shown that DPP-4 itself is involved in the inflammatory signaling pathway, the stimulation of vascular smooth cell proliferation, and the stimulation of oxidative stress in various cells. DPP-4 inhibitor ameliorates these pathophysiologic processes and has been shown to have cardiovascular protective effects in both in vitro and in vivo experiments. However, in recent randomized clinical trials, DPP-4 inhibitor therapy in high risk patients with type 2 diabetes did not show cardiovascular protective effects. Some concerns on the actions of DPP-4 inhibitor include sympathetic activation and neuropeptide Y-mediated vascular responses. Further studies are required to fully characterize the cardiovascular effects of DPP-4 inhibitor.
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Zhao H, Wei R, Wang L, Tian Q, Tao M, Ke J, Liu Y, Hou W, Zhang L, Yang J, Hong T. Activation of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor inhibits growth and promotes apoptosis of human pancreatic cancer cells in a cAMP-dependent manner. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2014; 306:E1431-41. [PMID: 24801389 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00017.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) promotes pancreatic β-cell regeneration through GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) activation. However, whether it promotes exocrine pancreas growth and thereby increases the risk of pancreatic cancer has been a topic of debate in recent years. Clinical data and animal studies published so far have been controversial. In the present study, we report that GLP-1R activation with liraglutide inhibited growth and promoted apoptosis in human pancreatic cancer cell lines in vitro and attenuated pancreatic tumor growth in a mouse xenograft model in vivo. These effects of liraglutide were mediated through activation of cAMP production and consequent inhibition of Akt and ERK1/2 signaling pathways in a GLP-1R-dependent manner. Moreover, we examined GLP-1R expression in human pancreatic cancer tissues and found that 43.3% of tumor tissues were GLP-1R-null. In the GLP-1R-positive tumor tissues (56.7%), the level of GLP-1R was lower compared with that in tumor-adjacent normal pancreatic tissues. Furthermore, the GLP-1R-positive tumors were significantly smaller than the GLP-1R-null tumors. Our study shows for the first time that GLP-1R activation has a cytoreductive effect on human pancreatic cancer cells in vitro and in vivo, which may help address safety concerns of GLP-1-based therapies in the context of human pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hejun Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism and
| | - Rui Wei
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism and
| | - Liang Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism and
| | - Qing Tian
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism and
| | - Ming Tao
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Ke
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism and
| | - Ye Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism and
| | - Wenfang Hou
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism and
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism and
| | - Jin Yang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism and
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Rochette L, Zeller M, Cottin Y, Vergely C. Diabetes, oxidative stress and therapeutic strategies. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2014; 1840:2709-29. [PMID: 24905298 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2014.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 315] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2014] [Revised: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes has emerged as a major threat to health worldwide. SCOPE OF REVIEW The exact mechanisms underlying the disease are unknown; however, there is growing evidence that excess generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), largely due to hyperglycemia, causes oxidative stress in a variety of tissues. Oxidative stress results from either an increase in free radical production, or a decrease in endogenous antioxidant defenses, or both. ROS and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) are products of cellular metabolism and are well recognized for their dual role as both deleterious and beneficial species. In type 2 diabetic patients, oxidative stress is closely associated with chronic inflammation. Multiple signaling pathways contribute to the adverse effects of glucotoxicity on cellular functions. There are many endogenous factors (antioxidants, vitamins, antioxidant enzymes, metal ion chelators) that can serve as endogenous modulators of the production and action of ROS. Clinical trials that investigated the effect of antioxidant vitamins on the progression of diabetic complications gave negative or inconclusive results. This lack of efficacy might also result from the fact that they were administered at a time when irreversible alterations in the redox status are already under way. Another strategy to modulate oxidative stress is to exploit the pleiotropic properties of drugs directed primarily at other targets and thus acting as indirect antioxidants. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS It appears important to develop new compounds that target key vascular ROS producing enzymes and mimic endogenous antioxidants. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE This strategy might prove clinically relevant in preventing the development and/or retarding the progression of diabetes associated with vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luc Rochette
- Laboratoire de Physiopathologie et Pharmacologie Cardio-Métaboliques, INSERM UMR866, Université de Bourgogne, Facultés de Médecine et Pharmacie, 7 Boulevard Jeanne d'Arc, 21079 Dijon, France.
| | - Marianne Zeller
- Laboratoire de Physiopathologie et Pharmacologie Cardio-Métaboliques, INSERM UMR866, Université de Bourgogne, Facultés de Médecine et Pharmacie, 7 Boulevard Jeanne d'Arc, 21079 Dijon, France
| | - Yves Cottin
- Laboratoire de Physiopathologie et Pharmacologie Cardio-Métaboliques, INSERM UMR866, Université de Bourgogne, Facultés de Médecine et Pharmacie, 7 Boulevard Jeanne d'Arc, 21079 Dijon, France
| | - Catherine Vergely
- Laboratoire de Physiopathologie et Pharmacologie Cardio-Métaboliques, INSERM UMR866, Université de Bourgogne, Facultés de Médecine et Pharmacie, 7 Boulevard Jeanne d'Arc, 21079 Dijon, France
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Hu YC, Hao DM, Zhou LX, Zhang Z, Huang N, Hoptroff M, Lu YH. 2',4'-Dihydroxy-6'-methoxy-3',5'-dimethylchalcone protects the impaired insulin secretion induced by glucotoxicity in pancreatic β-cells. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:1602-1608. [PMID: 24437980 DOI: 10.1021/jf405365d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
2',4'-Dihydroxy-6'-methoxy-3',5'-dimethylchalcone (DMC), which is isolated and purified from the dried flower buds of Cleistocalyx operculatus (Roxb.) Merr. et Perry (Myrtaceae), was investigated for its insulinotropic benefits against glucotoxicity using in vitro methods. When exposed to high glucose at the cytotoxicity level for 48 h, RIN-5F β-cells experienced a significant viability loss and impaired insulin secretion function, whereas cotreating with DMC could protect β-cells against glucotoxicity-induced decrease in glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in a dose-dependent manner without affecting basal insulin secretion. It was demonstrated that DMC increased insulin secretion against glucotoxicity by simulating the effect of GLP-1 and enhancing the expression of GLP-1R, followed by activating the signal pathway of PDX-1, PRE-INS, and GLUT2-GCK. Another mechanism was that DMC avoided the pancreatic islet dysfunction resulting from cellular damage by suppressing the production of nitric oxide (NO) by iNOS, and the expression of MCP-1. The results indicated the potential application of DMC in the intervention against glucotoxicity-induced hyperglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Chun Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology , 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
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Nadkarni P, Chepurny OG, Holz GG. Regulation of glucose homeostasis by GLP-1. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2014. [PMID: 24373234 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-800101-1.00002-8.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/01/2022]
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide-1(7-36)amide (GLP-1) is a secreted peptide that acts as a key determinant of blood glucose homeostasis by virtue of its abilities to slow gastric emptying, to enhance pancreatic insulin secretion, and to suppress pancreatic glucagon secretion. GLP-1 is secreted from L cells of the gastrointestinal mucosa in response to a meal, and the blood glucose-lowering action of GLP-1 is terminated due to its enzymatic degradation by dipeptidyl-peptidase-IV (DPP-IV). Released GLP-1 activates enteric and autonomic reflexes while also circulating as an incretin hormone to control endocrine pancreas function. The GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) is a G protein-coupled receptor that is activated directly or indirectly by blood glucose-lowering agents currently in use for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). These therapeutic agents include GLP-1R agonists (exenatide, liraglutide, lixisenatide, albiglutide, dulaglutide, and langlenatide) and DPP-IV inhibitors (sitagliptin, vildagliptin, saxagliptin, linagliptin, and alogliptin). Investigational agents for use in the treatment of T2DM include GPR119 and GPR40 receptor agonists that stimulate the release of GLP-1 from L cells. Summarized here is the role of GLP-1 to control blood glucose homeostasis, with special emphasis on the advantages and limitations of GLP-1-based therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant Nadkarni
- Department of Medicine, State University of New York (SUNY), Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA; Joslin Diabetes Center, State University of New York (SUNY), Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Oleg G Chepurny
- Department of Medicine, State University of New York (SUNY), Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - George G Holz
- Department of Medicine, State University of New York (SUNY), Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA; Department of Pharmacology, State University of New York (SUNY), Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA.
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Nadkarni P, Chepurny OG, Holz GG. Regulation of glucose homeostasis by GLP-1. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2014; 121:23-65. [PMID: 24373234 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-800101-1.00002-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide-1(7-36)amide (GLP-1) is a secreted peptide that acts as a key determinant of blood glucose homeostasis by virtue of its abilities to slow gastric emptying, to enhance pancreatic insulin secretion, and to suppress pancreatic glucagon secretion. GLP-1 is secreted from L cells of the gastrointestinal mucosa in response to a meal, and the blood glucose-lowering action of GLP-1 is terminated due to its enzymatic degradation by dipeptidyl-peptidase-IV (DPP-IV). Released GLP-1 activates enteric and autonomic reflexes while also circulating as an incretin hormone to control endocrine pancreas function. The GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) is a G protein-coupled receptor that is activated directly or indirectly by blood glucose-lowering agents currently in use for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). These therapeutic agents include GLP-1R agonists (exenatide, liraglutide, lixisenatide, albiglutide, dulaglutide, and langlenatide) and DPP-IV inhibitors (sitagliptin, vildagliptin, saxagliptin, linagliptin, and alogliptin). Investigational agents for use in the treatment of T2DM include GPR119 and GPR40 receptor agonists that stimulate the release of GLP-1 from L cells. Summarized here is the role of GLP-1 to control blood glucose homeostasis, with special emphasis on the advantages and limitations of GLP-1-based therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant Nadkarni
- Department of Medicine, State University of New York (SUNY), Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA; Joslin Diabetes Center, State University of New York (SUNY), Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Oleg G Chepurny
- Department of Medicine, State University of New York (SUNY), Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - George G Holz
- Department of Medicine, State University of New York (SUNY), Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA; Department of Pharmacology, State University of New York (SUNY), Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA.
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