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Jiang T, Wu W, Ma M, Hu Y, Li R. Occurrence and distribution of emerging contaminants in wastewater treatment plants: A globally review over the past two decades. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 951:175664. [PMID: 39173760 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Revised: 07/20/2024] [Accepted: 08/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
Emerging contaminants are pervasive in aquatic environments globally, encompassing pharmaceuticals, personal care products, steroid hormones, phenols, biocides, disinfectants and various other compounds. Concentrations of these contaminants are detected ranging from ng/L to μg/L. Even at trace levels, these contaminants can pose significant risks to ecosystems and human health. This article systematically summarises and categorizes data on the concentrations of 54 common emerging contaminants found in the influent and effluent of wastewater treatment plants across various geographical regions: North America, Europe, Oceania, Africa, and Asia. It reviews the occurrence and distribution of these contaminants, providing spatial and causal analyses based on data from these regions. Notably, the maximum concentrations of the pollutants observed vary significantly across different regions. The data from Africa, in particular, show more frequent detection of pharmaceutical maxima in wastewater treatment plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycles in River Basins, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100048, China; College of Water Conservancy and Architectural Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832000, China
| | - Wenyong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycles in River Basins, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100048, China; College of Water Conservancy and Architectural Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832000, China.
| | - Meng Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycles in River Basins, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Yaqi Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycles in River Basins, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Ruoxi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycles in River Basins, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100048, China
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Wang B, Xu H, Liu Y, Zhou K, Li X, Kong D, Chen J, He Y, Ji R. Unraveling phytoremediation mechanisms of the common reed (Phragmites australis) suspension cells towards ciprofloxacin: Xenobiotic transformation and metabolic reprogramming. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 266:122347. [PMID: 39216127 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.122347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2024] [Revised: 08/14/2024] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Phytoremediation is an effective solution to treat pollution with antibiotic compounds in aquatic environments; however, the underlying mechanisms for plants to cope with antibiotic pollutants are obscure. Here we used cell suspension culture to investigate the distribution and transformation of ciprofloxacin (CIP) in common reed (Phragmites australis) plants, as well as the accompanying phenotypic and metabolic responses of plants. By means of radioactive isotope labelling, we found that in total 68 % of CIP was transformed via intracellular Phase I transformation (reduction and methylation), Phase Ⅱ conjugation (glycosylation), and Phase Ⅲ compartmentalization (cell-bound residue formation mainly in cell walls, 23 %). The reduction and glycosylation products were secreted by the cells. To mitigate stress induced by CIP and its transformation products, the cells activated the defense system by up-regulating both intra- and extra-cellular antioxidant metabolites (e.g., catechin, l-cystine, and dehydroascorbic acid), anti-C/N metabolism disorder metabolites (e.g., succinic acid), secreting signaling (e.g., nicotinic acid), and anti-stress (e.g., allantoin) metabolites. Notably, the metabolic reprogramming could be involved in the CIP transformation process (e.g., glycosylation). Our findings reveal the strategy of wetland plants to cope with the stress from CIP by transforming the xenobiotic compound and reprogramming metabolism, and provide novel insights into the fate of antibiotics and plant defense mechanisms during phytoremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Hang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Jiangsu Jinling Environment Co., Ltd., Nanjing 210003, China
| | - Kaiping Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xinyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Deyang Kong
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Science, Key Laboratory of Pesticide Environmental Assessment and Pollution Control, Nanjing 210042, China
| | | | - Yujie He
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China.
| | - Rong Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
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Sonkar V, Venu V, Nishil B, Thatikonda S. Review on antibiotic pollution dynamics: insights to occurrence, environmental behaviour, ecotoxicity, and management strategies. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:51164-51196. [PMID: 39155346 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-34567-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
Antibiotic contamination poses a significant global concern due to its far-reaching impact on public health and the environment. This comprehensive review delves into the prevalence of various antibiotic classes in environmental pollution and their interactions with natural ecosystems. Fluoroquinolones, macrolides, tetracyclines, and sulphonamides have emerged as prevalent contaminants in environmental matrices worldwide. The concentrations of these antibiotics vary across diverse environments, influenced by production practices, consumer behaviours, and socio-economic factors. Low- and low-middle-income countries face unique challenges in managing antibiotic contamination, with dominant mechanisms like hydrolysis, sorption, and biodegradation leading to the formation of toxic byproducts. Ecotoxicity reports reveal the detrimental effects of these byproducts on aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems, further emphasizing the gravity of the issue. Notably, monitoring the antibiotic parent compound alone may be inadequate for framing effective control and management strategies for antibiotic pollution. This review underscores the imperative of a comprehensive, multi-sectoral approach to address environmental antibiotic contamination and combat antimicrobial resistance. It also advocates for the development and implementation of tailored national action plans that consider specific environmental conditions and factors. Thus, an approach is crucial for safeguarding both public health and the delicate balance of our natural ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikas Sonkar
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad (IITH), Kandi, Sangareddy, Telangana, 502284, India
| | - Vishnudatha Venu
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad (IITH), Kandi, Sangareddy, Telangana, 502284, India
| | - Benita Nishil
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad (IITH), Kandi, Sangareddy, Telangana, 502284, India
| | - Shashidhar Thatikonda
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad (IITH), Kandi, Sangareddy, Telangana, 502284, India.
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Fan XY, Zhang ZX, Li X, Liu YK, Cao SB, Geng WN, Wang YB, Zhang XH. Microecology of aerobic denitrification system construction driven by cyclic stress of sulfamethoxazole. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 402:130801. [PMID: 38710419 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.130801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
The construction of aerobic denitrification (AD) systems in an antibiotic-stressed environment is a serious challenge. This study investigated strategy of cyclic stress with concentration gradient (5-30 mg/L) of sulfamethoxazole (SMX) in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR), to achieve operation of AD. Total nitrogen removal efficiency of system increased from about 10 % to 95 %. Original response of abundant-rare genera to antibiotics was changed by SMX stress, particularly conditionally rare or abundant taxa (CRAT). AD process depends on synergistic effect of heterotrophic nitrifying aerobic denitrification bacteria (Paracoccus, Thauera, Hypomicrobium, etc). AmoABC, napA, and nirK were functionally co-expressed with multiple antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) (acrR, ereAB, and mdtO), facilitating AD process. ARGs and TCA cycling synergistically enhance the antioxidant and electron transport capacities of AD process. Antibiotic efflux pump mechanism played an important role in operation of AD. The study provides strong support for regulating activated sludge to achieve in situ AD function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yan Fan
- Faculty of Architecture, Civil and Transportation Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China.
| | - Zhong-Xing Zhang
- Faculty of Architecture, Civil and Transportation Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China; Center for Situation Analysis and Planning and Assessment, Chinese Academy for Environmental Planning, Beijing 100041, PR China
| | - Xing Li
- Faculty of Architecture, Civil and Transportation Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Yuan-Kun Liu
- Faculty of Architecture, Civil and Transportation Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Shen-Bin Cao
- Faculty of Architecture, Civil and Transportation Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Wen-Nian Geng
- Faculty of Architecture, Civil and Transportation Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Ya-Bao Wang
- Faculty of Architecture, Civil and Transportation Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Xiao-Han Zhang
- Faculty of Architecture, Civil and Transportation Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
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Wang B, Xu Z, Dong B. Occurrence, fate, and ecological risk of antibiotics in wastewater treatment plants in China: A review. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 469:133925. [PMID: 38432096 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
This review offers a comprehensive overview of the occurrence, fate, and ecological risk associated with six major categories of antibiotics found in influent, effluent, and sludge from urban wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in China. Further exploration includes examining the correlation between antibiotic residual rates in the effluents and process parameters of urban WWTPs across the country. Lastly, a nationwide and urban cluster-specific evaluation of the ecological risk posed by antibiotics in WWTPs is conducted. The findings reveal that the average concentrations of antibiotics in influent, effluent, and sludge from urban WWTPs in China are 786.2 ng/L, 311.2 ng/L, and 186.8 μg/kg, respectively. Among the detected antibiotics, 42% exhibit moderate to high ecological risk in the effluent, with ciprofloxacin, sulfamethoxazole, erythromycin, azithromycin, and tetracycline posing moderate to high ecological risks in sludge. The current biological treatment processes in WWTPs demonstrate inefficacy in removing antibiotics. Hence, there is a pressing need to develop and integrate innovative technologies, such as advanced oxidation processes. This review aims to offer a more comprehensive understanding and identify priority antibiotics for control to effectively manage antibiotic pollution within WWTPs at both national and regional levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingqing Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Zuxin Xu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Bin Dong
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
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Rauseo J, Spataro F, Pescatore T, Patrolecco L. Multiresidue determination and predicted risk assessment of emerging contaminants in sediments from Kongsfjorden, Svalbard. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 922:171156. [PMID: 38417527 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
The present work provides the first data on the occurrence of different classes of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in surface marine sediments from an Arctic fjord (Kongsfjorden, Svalbard Islands, Norway). The target compounds included: ciprofloxacin; enrofloxacin; amoxicillin; erythromycin; sulfamethoxazole; carbamazepine; diclofenac; ibuprofen; acetylsalicylic acid; paracetamol; caffeine; triclosan; N,N-diethyl-meta-toluamide; 17β-estradiol; 17α-ethinyl estradiol and estrone. Sampling was performed in the late summer, when high sedimentation rates occur, and over 5 years (2018-2022). Based on the environmental concentrations (MECs) found of emerging contaminants and the relative predicted no-effect concentrations (PNECs), an environmental risk assessment (ERA) for sediments was performed, including the estimation of the Risk Quotients (RQs) of selection and propagation of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in this Arctic marine ecosystem. Sediments were extracted by Pressurized Liquid Extraction (PLE) and the extracts were purified by Solid Phase Extraction (SPE). Analytical determination was conducted with liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry (HPLC-HRMS). PPCPs were detected in the sediments along the fjord in all the years investigated, with overall concentrations similar in most cases to those reported in urbanized areas of the planet and ranging from a minimum of 6.85 ng/g for triclosan to a maximum of 684.5 ng/g for ciprofloxacin. This latter was the only antibiotic detected but was the most abundant compound (32 %) followed by antipyretics (16 %), hormones (14 %), anti-inflammatories (13 %), insect repellents (11 %), stimulants (9 %), and disinfectants (5 %). Highest concentrations of all PPCPs detected were found close to the Ny-Ålesund research village, where human activities and the lack of appropriate wastewater treatment technologies were recognized as primary causes of local contamination. Finally, due to the presence in the sediments of the PPCPs investigated, the ERA highlights a medium (0.1 < RQ < 1) to high risk (RQ > 1) for organisms living in this Arctic marine ecosystem, including high risk of the spread of AMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin Rauseo
- Institute of Polar Sciences, National Research Council (ISP-CNR), Strada Provinciale 35d, km 0.700, 00010 Montelibretti, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Spataro
- Institute of Polar Sciences, National Research Council (ISP-CNR), Strada Provinciale 35d, km 0.700, 00010 Montelibretti, Rome, Italy.
| | - Tanita Pescatore
- Institute of Polar Sciences, National Research Council (ISP-CNR), Strada Provinciale 35d, km 0.700, 00010 Montelibretti, Rome, Italy
| | - Luisa Patrolecco
- Institute of Polar Sciences, National Research Council (ISP-CNR), Strada Provinciale 35d, km 0.700, 00010 Montelibretti, Rome, Italy
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Su Y, Qian J, Wang J, Mi X, Huang Q, Zhang Y, Jiang Q, Wang Q. Unraveling the mechanism of norfloxacin removal and fate of antibiotics resistance genes (ARGs) in the sulfur-mediated autotrophic denitrification via metagenomic and metatranscriptomic analyses. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 922:171328. [PMID: 38428600 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
The co-contamination of antibiotics and nitrogen has attracted widespread concerns due to its potential harm to ecological safety and human health. Sulfur-driven autotrophic denitrification (SAD) with low sludge production rate was adopted to treat antibiotics laden-organic deficient wastewater. Herein, a lab-scale sequencing batch reactor (SBR) was established to explore the simultaneous removal of nitrate and antibiotics, i.e. Norfloxacin (NOR), as well as microbial response mechanism of SAD sludge system towards NOR exposure. About 80.78 % of NOR was removed by SAD sludge when the influent NOR level was 0.5 mg/L, in which biodegradation was dominant removal route. The nitrate removal efficiency decreased slightly from 98.37 ± 0.58 % to 96.58 ± 1.03 % in the presence of NOR. Thiobacillus and Sulfurimonas were the most abundant sulfur-oxidizing bacteria (SOB) in SAD system, but Thiobacillus was more sensitive to NOR. The up-regulated genes related to Xenobiotics biodegradation and metabolism and CYP450 indicated the occurrence of NOR biotransformation in SAD system. The resistance of SAD sludge to the exposure of NOR was mainly ascribed to antibiotic efflux. And the effect of antibiotic inactivation was enhanced after long-term fed with NOR. The NOR exposure resulted in the increased level of antibiotics resistance genes (ARGs) and mobile genetic elements (MGEs). Besides, the enhanced ARG-MGE co-existence patterns further reveals the higher horizontal mobility potential of ARGs under NOR exposure pressures. The most enriched sulfur oxidizing bacterium Thiobacillus was a potential host for most of ARGs. This study provides a new insight for the treatment of NOR-laden wastewater with low C/N ratio based on the sulfur-mediated biological process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Su
- Xi'an TPRI Water-Management & Environmental Protection Co. Ltd., State Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency Flexible Coal Power Generation and Carbon Capture Utilization and Storage, PR China
| | - Jin Qian
- Research & Development Institute in Shenzhen, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, PR China.
| | - Jing Wang
- Xi'an TPRI Water-Management & Environmental Protection Co. Ltd., State Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency Flexible Coal Power Generation and Carbon Capture Utilization and Storage, PR China
| | - Xiaohui Mi
- Research & Development Institute in Shenzhen, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, PR China
| | - Qiong Huang
- Xi'an TPRI Water-Management & Environmental Protection Co. Ltd., State Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency Flexible Coal Power Generation and Carbon Capture Utilization and Storage, PR China; Xi'an Yitong Thermal Technology Service Co., Ltd., Xi'an 710000, PR China
| | - Yichu Zhang
- Research & Development Institute in Shenzhen, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, PR China
| | - Qi Jiang
- Xi'an TPRI Water-Management & Environmental Protection Co. Ltd., State Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency Flexible Coal Power Generation and Carbon Capture Utilization and Storage, PR China
| | - Qilin Wang
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
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Ndankou CSD, Ștefan DS, Nsami NJ, Daouda K, Bosomoiu M. Evaluation of Phenobarbital Adsorption Efficiency on Biosorbents or Activated Carbon Obtained from Adansonia Digitata Shells. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:1591. [PMID: 38612106 PMCID: PMC11012463 DOI: 10.3390/ma17071591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
The removal of pharmaceutically active compounds present in relatively low concentration in wastewater is critical. This is because they have a severe, negative impact on life and the environment. To address this issue, adsorption was used, which is an effective wastewater treatment method for removing substances found in low concentrations in water. This study compared the adsorption performance of active carbon to three biosorbents derived from Adansonia digitata shells. The adsorbents were prepared and characterized using TGA, SEM, EDX, and FTIR analyses and pHPZC. To better understand the adsorption process, equilibrium and reaction kinetics studies were conducted. The effect of contact time, initial phenobarbital concentration, adsorbent mass, and pH was investigated in static conditions. The adsorption results revealed that the biosorbent B3 has a higher affinity for the eliminated compound, with an equilibrium time of 60 min and an adsorption capacity of 47.08 mg/g at an initial concentration of 50 mg/L. The experimental data are consistent with Langmuir and Sips adsorption isotherm models, and with the pseudo-second order and Elovich models for kinetics description. This indicates strong interactions between the adsorbent materials and the pharmaceutical micropollutant. Based on these findings, it appears that, among the tested materials, B3 biosorbent is the most efficient for removing phenobarbital present in low concentrations in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charnella Stevine Dibandjo Ndankou
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica of Bucharest, 1-7 Gheorghe Polizu Street, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (C.S.D.N.); (D.S.Ș.)
- Applied Physical and Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé P.O. Box 812, Cameroon; (N.J.N.); (K.D.)
| | - Daniela Simina Ștefan
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica of Bucharest, 1-7 Gheorghe Polizu Street, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (C.S.D.N.); (D.S.Ș.)
| | - Ndi Julius Nsami
- Applied Physical and Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé P.O. Box 812, Cameroon; (N.J.N.); (K.D.)
| | - Kouotou Daouda
- Applied Physical and Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé P.O. Box 812, Cameroon; (N.J.N.); (K.D.)
| | - Magdalena Bosomoiu
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica of Bucharest, 1-7 Gheorghe Polizu Street, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (C.S.D.N.); (D.S.Ș.)
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Rangappa HS, Herath I, Lin C, Ch S. Industrial waste-based adsorbents as a new trend for removal of water-borne emerging contaminants. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 343:123140. [PMID: 38103712 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.123140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Emerging contaminants in wastewater are one of the growing concerns because of their adverse effects on human health and ecosystems. Adsorption technology offers superior performance due to its cost-effectiveness, stability, recyclability, and reliability in maintaining environmental and health standards for toxic pollutants. Despite extensive research on the use of traditional adsorbents to remove emerging contaminants, their expensiveness, lack of selectivity, and complexity of regeneration remain some of the challenges. Industrial wastes viz. blast furnace slag, red mud, and copper slag can be used to develop efficacious adsorbents for the treatment of emerging contaminants in water. Advantages of the use of such industrial wastes include resource utilization, availability, cost-effectiveness, and waste management. Nevertheless, little is known so far about their application, removal efficacy, adsorption mechanisms, and limitations in the treatment of emerging contaminants. A holistic understanding of the application of such unique industrial waste-derived adsorbents in removing emerging contaminants from water is need of the hour to transform this technology from bench-scale to pilot and large-scale applications. This review investigates different water treatment techniques associated with industrial waste-based adsorbents derived from blast furnace slag, red mud, and copper slag. Besides, this review provides important insights into the growing trends of utilizing such novel types of adsorbents to remove emerging contaminants from water with an emphasis on removal efficacy, controlling measures, adsorption mechanisms, advantages, and limitations. The present timely review brings the current state of knowledge into a single reference which could be a strong platform for future research in understanding the latest advancements, decision making, and financial management related to the treatment of wastewater using industrial waste-based adsorbents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harsha S Rangappa
- Center for Interdisciplinary Programs, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy, 502285, Telangana, India; Centre for Regional and Rural Futures, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Built Environment, Deakin University, Burwood, VIC, 3125 Australia
| | - Indika Herath
- Centre for Regional and Rural Futures, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Built Environment, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC, 3216 Australia
| | - Chuxia Lin
- Centre for Regional and Rural Futures, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Built Environment, Deakin University, Burwood, VIC, 3125 Australia
| | - Subrahmanyam Ch
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy, Telangana, 502285, India.
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Khan NA, López-Maldonado EA, Majumder A, Singh S, Varshney R, López JR, Méndez PF, Ramamurthy PC, Khan MA, Khan AH, Mubarak NM, Amhad W, Shamshuddin SZM, Aljundi IH. A state-of-art-review on emerging contaminants: Environmental chemistry, health effect, and modern treatment methods. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 344:140264. [PMID: 37758081 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Pollution problems are increasingly becoming e a priority issue from both scientific and technological points of view. The dispersion and frequency of pollutants in the environment are on the rise, leading to the emergence have been increasing, including of a new class of contaminants that not only impact the environment but also pose risks to people's health. Therefore, developing new methods for identifying and quantifying these pollutants classified as emerging contaminants is imperative. These methods enable regulatory actions that effectively minimize their adverse effects to take steps to regulate and reduce their impact. On the other hand, these new contaminants represent a challenge for current technologies to be adapted to control and remove emerging contaminants and involve innovative, eco-friendly, and sustainable remediation technologies. There is a vast amount of information collected in this review on emerging pollutants, comparing the identification and quantification methods, the technologies applied for their control and remediation, and the policies and regulations necessary for their operation and application. In addition, This review will deal with different aspects of emerging contaminants, their origin, nature, detection, and treatment concerning water and wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadeem A Khan
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Membranes and Water Security (IRC-MWS), King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Eduardo Alberto López-Maldonado
- Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Autonomous University of Baja, California, CP 22390, Tijuana, Baja California, México.
| | - Abhradeep Majumder
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India
| | - Simranjeet Singh
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Water Research (ICWaR), Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Radhika Varshney
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Water Research (ICWaR), Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - J R López
- Facultad de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Av. Las Américas S/N, C.P. 80000, Culiacán, Sinaloa, México
| | - P F Méndez
- Facultad de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Av. Las Américas S/N, C.P. 80000, Culiacán, Sinaloa, México
| | - Praveen C Ramamurthy
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Water Research (ICWaR), Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Mohammad Amir Khan
- Department of Civil Engineering, Galgotias College of Engineering and Technology, Knowledge Park I, Greater Noida, 201310, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Afzal Husain Khan
- Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Jazan University, P.O. Box. 706, Jazan, 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nabisab Mujawar Mubarak
- Petroleum and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Brunei, Bandar Seri Begawan, BE1410, Brunei Darussalam; Department of Biosciences, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, India.
| | - Waqas Amhad
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electonic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054 China
| | - S Z M Shamshuddin
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, HMS Institute of Technology, Tumakuru, 572104, Karnataka, India
| | - Isam H Aljundi
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Membranes and Water Security (IRC-MWS), King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia; Chemical Engineering Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
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11
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Mejías C, Arenas M, Martín J, Santos JL, Aparicio I, Alonso E. Green Assessment of Analytical Procedures for the Determination of Pharmaceuticals in Sewage Sludge and Soil. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2023:1-14. [PMID: 37922128 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2023.2276294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2023]
Abstract
The main difficulties when analyzing pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs) in solid environmental samples is the complexity of the samples and the low concentration levels of such pollutants. Most efforts are focused in achieving good analytical performance parameters such as high recoveries or low detection limits without considering if the methods are environmentally friendly. In this work, the main tools proposed for assessing the greenness of analytical methodologies (Analytical Eco-scale, Green Analytical Procedure Index (GAPI), and Analytical GREEnness metric (AGREE)) have been applied to nine analytical procedures that include recent important analytical tendencies. The three metrics identified the paper spray ionization method as the greenest procedure since it used untreated samples for direct mass spectrometry analysis. Using Analytical Eco-scale, most of the evaluated procedures were rated as "acceptable green". However, the use of internal standards resulted key in the environmental impact of the method which provided contradictory results versus other metrics. GAPI found greenness similarities between most of selected methods, hindering a greenness classification. AGREE allowed the weighting of each evaluation criterion providing a greenness ranking. The application of each metric detecting their weaknesses and strengths was discussed. The incorporation of validation analytical features in greenness metrics was a gap revealed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Mejías
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Escuela Politécnica Superior, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Marina Arenas
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Escuela Politécnica Superior, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Julia Martín
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Escuela Politécnica Superior, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Juan Luis Santos
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Escuela Politécnica Superior, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Irene Aparicio
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Escuela Politécnica Superior, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Esteban Alonso
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Escuela Politécnica Superior, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
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12
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Silori R, Kumar M, Madhab Mahapatra D, Biswas P, Prakash Vellanki B, Mahlknecht J, Mohammad Tauseef S, Barcelo D. Prevalence of Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals in the urban wastewater treatment systems of Dehradun, India: Daunting presence of Estrone. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 235:116673. [PMID: 37454796 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
We quantified the occurrences and seasonal variations of the target endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) at four (two major municipals, and two academic institutions) WWTPs in Dehradun city, Uttarakhand, India. The results showed estrone in higher concentrations at μgL-1 levels in influent among the WWTPs, compared to triclosan (TCS) at ngL-1 levels. An astounding concentration of 123.95 μgL-1 was recorded for the estrone in the influent, which is to date the highest ever recorded, globally. Statistical data treatment was performed to test the distribution of the data (Shapiro-Wilk, Anderson-Darling, Lilliefors, and Jarque-Bera tests), and the significant difference between the mean of the wastewater sample population (ANOVA: F statistics, p values, Mann-Whitney test, Tukey's and Dunn's post hoc analysis). Statistical data treatment indicated EDCs concentration with a bi-modal distribution. The Shapiro-Wilk, Anderson-Darling, Lilliefors, and Jarque-Bera tests elucidate a non-normal distribution for the EDCs sample data. A statistically significant difference (F = 8.46; p < 0.0001) in the seasonal data for the abundance of the target EDCs at the WWTPs have been observed. Highest and significantly different mean EDCs concentrations were recorded during the monsoon, compared to the spring (p = 0.025) and summer (p = 0.0004) seasons in the influent waters. The mean influent concentrations of TCS and estrone in monsoon were 66.45 ngL-1 and 78.02 μgL-1, respectively. Maximum removals were recorded for TCS, while maximum negative removal of ∼293% was observed for estrone in the WWTPs. Particularly, the high levels of estrone in the wastewater pose a significant threat as estrone presence could be led to feminization, dysregulation of reproduction in organisms, and carcinogenesis processes in the environment. This study critically highlights the limitation of the WWTPs in the treatment, degradation, and assimilation of EDCs leading to their hyperaccumulation at WWTP effluents, thereby posing a substantial threat to nearby aquatic ecosystems, human health, and the ecological balance of the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Silori
- Sustainability Cluster, School of Advanced Engineering, UPES, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248007, India
| | - Manish Kumar
- Sustainability Cluster, School of Advanced Engineering, UPES, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248007, India; Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Monterey, Monterrey, 64849, Nuevo Leon, Mexico.
| | - Durga Madhab Mahapatra
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Energy Cluster, School of Advanced Engineering, UPES, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248007, India; Department of Biological and Ecological Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Pinakshi Biswas
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Bhanu Prakash Vellanki
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Jürgen Mahlknecht
- Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Monterey, Monterrey, 64849, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
| | - Syed Mohammad Tauseef
- Sustainability Cluster, School of Advanced Engineering, UPES, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248007, India
| | - Damia Barcelo
- Sustainability Cluster, School of Advanced Engineering, UPES, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248007, India; Water and Soil Quality Research Group, Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Jordi Girona 1826, Barcelona, 08034, Spain
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13
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Chae SH, Lim SJ, Seid MG, Ejerssa WW, Son A, Son H, Choi S, Lee W, Lee Y, Hong SW. Predicting micropollutant fate during wastewater treatment using refined classical kinetic model based on quantitative monitoring in multi-metropolitan regions of South Korea. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 245:120627. [PMID: 37717334 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to implement an extensive prediction model for the fate of micropollutants (MPs) in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Five WWTPs equipped with seven different biological treatment processes were monitored from 2020 to 2022 with three to four sampling events in each year, and 27 datasets for 20 MPs were collected. Among these datasets, 12 were used to investigate the behavior and fate of MPs in WWTPs in South Korea. Metformin, acetaminophen, caffeine, naproxen, and ibuprofen were the MPs with the highest influent concentrations (ranging from 3,933.3-187,637.0 ng L-1) at all WWTPs. More than 90% of MPs were removed by biological treatment processes in all WWTPs. The Kruskal-Wallis test verified that their efficacy did not differ statistically (p-value > 0.05). Meanwhile, to refine the performance of the prediction model, this study optimized the biodegradation rate constants (kbio) of each MP according to the variation of seasonal water temperature. As a result, compared to the original prediction model, the mean difference between the actual data and predicted results (MEAN) decreased by 6.77%, while the Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) increased by 0.226. The final MEAN and NSE for the refined prediction model were calculated to be 5.09% and 0.964, respectively. The prediction model made accurate predictions, even for MPs exhibiting behaviors different from other cases, such as estriol and atrazine. Consequently, the optimization strategy proposed in this study was determined to be effective because the overall removal efficiencies of MPs were successfully predicted even with limited reference datasets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Ho Chae
- Center for Water Cycle Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Ji Lim
- Center for Water Cycle Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Mingizem Gashaw Seid
- Center for Water Cycle Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Wondesen Workneh Ejerssa
- Center for Water Cycle Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; Division of Energy and Environment Technology, KIST-School, University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Aseom Son
- Center for Water Cycle Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Heejong Son
- Water Quality Institute, Busan Water Authority, Gimhae-si, Gyeongsangnam-do 50804, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangki Choi
- Water Quality Institute, Busan Water Authority, Gimhae-si, Gyeongsangnam-do 50804, Republic of Korea; School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Woongbae Lee
- School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunho Lee
- School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Won Hong
- Center for Water Cycle Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; Division of Energy and Environment Technology, KIST-School, University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea.
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14
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Guo X, Lv M, Song L, Ding J, Man M, Fu L, Lu S, Hou L, Chen L. Profiling of the spatiotemporal distribution, risks, and prioritization of pharmaceuticals and personal care products in coastal waters of the northern Yellow Sea, China. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 459:132163. [PMID: 37515990 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) have aroused global concerns due to their ubiquitous occurrence and detrimental effects. The spatiotemporal distributions of 64 PPCPs and their synergetic ecological risks were comprehensively investigated in the seawater of Yantai Bay, and 1 H-benzotriazole (BT), ethenzamide, phenazone, propyphenazone, 4-hydroxybenzophenone and N, N'-diphenylurea were first determined in the seawater of China. Fifty-six PPCPs were detected and their concentrations were 27.5-182 ng/L, with BT contributing around 58.0%. Higher PPCP concentrations were observed in winter and spring, with the concentrations of antioxidants, analgesic/anti-inflammatory drugs and human-used antibiotics significantly higher in winter, while those of aquaculture-used antibiotics and UV filters significantly higher in summer, which was closely related with their usage patterns. Positive correlations were observed for PPCP concentrations between surface and bottom water, except summer, during which time the weak vertical exchange and varied environmental behaviors among different PPCPs resulted in the distinct compositions and concentrations. Terrestrial inputs and mariculture resulted in higher PPCP concentrations in the area located adjacent to the coast and aquaculture bases. The PPCP mixtures posed medium to high risk to crustaceans, and bisphenol A was identified as a high-risk pollutant that needs special attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotong Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Research Center for Coastal Environmental Engineering and Technology, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Min Lv
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Research Center for Coastal Environmental Engineering and Technology, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China; State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China.
| | - Lehui Song
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Research Center for Coastal Environmental Engineering and Technology, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Jing Ding
- School of Environmental and Material Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Mingsan Man
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Research Center for Coastal Environmental Engineering and Technology, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Longwen Fu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Research Center for Coastal Environmental Engineering and Technology, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Shuang Lu
- School of Environmental and Material Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Lijun Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Lingxin Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Research Center for Coastal Environmental Engineering and Technology, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China.
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15
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Husain Khan A, Abdul Aziz H, Palaniandy P, Naushad M, Cevik E, Zahmatkesh S. Pharmaceutical residues in the ecosystem: Antibiotic resistance, health impacts, and removal techniques. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 339:139647. [PMID: 37516325 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
Hospital wastewater has emerged as a major category of environmental pollutants over the past two decades, but its prevalence in freshwater is less well documented than other types of contaminants. Due to compound complexity and improper operations, conventional treatment is unable to remove pharmaceuticals from hospital wastewater. Advanced treatment technologies may eliminate pharmaceuticals, but there are still concerns about cost and energy use. There should be a legal and regulatory framework in place to control the flow of hospital wastewater. Here, we review the latest scientific knowledge regarding effective pharmaceutical cleanup strategies and treatment procedures to achieve that goal. Successful treatment techniques are also highlighted, such as pre-treatment or on-site facilities that control hospital wastewater where it is used in hospitals. Due to the prioritization, the regulatory agencies will be able to assess and monitor the concentration of pharmaceutical residues in groundwater, surface water, and drinking water. Based on the data obtained, the conventional WWTPs remove 10-60% of pharmaceutical residues. However, most PhACs are eliminated during the secondary or advanced therapy stages, and an overall elimination rate higher than 90% can be achieved. This review also highlights and compares the suitability of currently used treatment technologies and identifies the merits and demerits of each technology to upgrade the system to tackle future challenges. For this reason, pharmaceutical compound rankings in regulatory agencies should be the subject of prospective studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afzal Husain Khan
- School of Civil Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia.
| | - Hamidi Abdul Aziz
- School of Civil Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia; Solid Waste Management Cluster, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia.
| | - Puganeshwary Palaniandy
- School of Civil Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Mu Naushad
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Emre Cevik
- Bioenergy Research Unit, Department of Biophysics, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, 1982, PO Box:1982, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sasan Zahmatkesh
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingenieríay Ciencias, Puebla, Mexico.
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16
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Liu J, Ge S, Shao P, Wang J, Liu Y, Wei W, He C, Zhang L. Occurrence and removal rate of typical pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in an urban wastewater treatment plant in Beijing, China. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 339:139644. [PMID: 37495050 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence and removal rate of 52 typical pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) were investigated in a wastewater treatment plant in Beijing, China. Thirty-three PPCPs were found in the influent, with caffeine (CF, 11387.0 ng L-1) being the most abundant, followed by N,N-diethyl-meta-toluamide (DEET, 9568.4 ng L-1), metoprolol (MTP, 930.2 ng L-1), and diclofenac (DF, 710.3 ng L-1). After treatment processes, the cumulative concentration of PPCPs decreased from 2.54 × 104 ng L-1 to 1.44 × 103 ng L-1, with the overall removal efficiency (RE) of 94.3%. Different treatment processes showed varying contributions in removing PPCPs. PPCPs were efficiently removed in sedimentation, anoxic, and ultraviolet units. For individual compounds, a great variation in RE (52.1-100%) was observed. Twenty-two PPCPs were removed by more than 90%. The highly detected PPCPs in the influent were almost completely removed. Aerated grit chamber removed nearly 50% of fluoroquinolone (FQs) and more than 60% of sulfonamides. Most PPCPs showed low or negative removals during anaerobic treatment, except for CF which was eliminated by 64.9%. Anoxic treatment demonstrated positive removals for most PPCPs, with the exceptions of DF, MTP, bisoprolol, carbamazepine (CBZ), and sibutramine. DEET and bezafibrate were efficiently removed during the secondary sedimentation. Denitrification biological filter and membrane filtration also showed positive effect on most PPCPs removals. The remaining compounds were oxidized by 16-100% in ozonation. DF, sulpiride, ofloxacin (OFL), trimethoprim, and phenolphthalein were not amenable to ultraviolet. After the treatment, the residue OFL, CBZ, and CF in receiving water were identified to pose high risk to aquatic organisms. Considering the complex mixtures emitted into the environment, therapeutic groups psychotropics, stimulant, and FQs were classified as high risk. These findings provide valuable insights into adopting appropriate measures for more efficient PPCPs removals, and emphasize the importance of continued monitoring specific PPCPs and mixtures thereof to safeguard the ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Liu
- Institute of Analysis and Testing, Beijing Academy of Science and Technology, Beijing Center for Physical & Chemical Analysis, Beijing, 100089, People's Republic of China.
| | - Simin Ge
- Institute of Analysis and Testing, Beijing Academy of Science and Technology, Beijing Center for Physical & Chemical Analysis, Beijing, 100089, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Shao
- Institute of Analysis and Testing, Beijing Academy of Science and Technology, Beijing Center for Physical & Chemical Analysis, Beijing, 100089, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jianfeng Wang
- Institute of Analysis and Testing, Beijing Academy of Science and Technology, Beijing Center for Physical & Chemical Analysis, Beijing, 100089, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanju Liu
- Institute of Analysis and Testing, Beijing Academy of Science and Technology, Beijing Center for Physical & Chemical Analysis, Beijing, 100089, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wei
- Institute of Analysis and Testing, Beijing Academy of Science and Technology, Beijing Center for Physical & Chemical Analysis, Beijing, 100089, People's Republic of China
| | - Can He
- Institute of Resources and Environment, Beijing Academy of Science and Technology, Beijing, 100089, People's Republic of China
| | - Lilan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, People's Republic of China
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17
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Das MK, Das S, Srivastava PK. An overview on the prevalence and potential impact of antimicrobials and antimicrobial resistance in the aquatic environment of India. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 195:1015. [PMID: 37530878 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-11569-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
India at present is one of the leading countries in antimicrobial drug production and use, leading to increasing antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and public health problems. Attention has mainly been focused on the human and food animals' contribution to AMR neglecting the potential contribution of the perceptibly degraded aquatic environment in India. The paper reviews the available published literature in India on the prevalence of antimicrobial residues and their dissemination pathways in wastewater of pharmaceutical industries, sewage treatment plants, hospitals, riverine, community pond water, and groundwater. The prevalence of antimicrobial residue concentration, pathogenic and non-pathogenic bacteria antimicrobial resistant bacteria (ARB), their drug resistance levels, and their specific antimicrobial resistant genes (ARGs) occurring in various water matrices of India have been comprehensively depicted from existing literature. The concentration of some widely used antimicrobials recorded from the sewage treatment plants and hospital wastewater and rivers in India has been compared with other countries. The ecotoxicological risk posed by these antimicrobials in the various water matrices in India indicated high hazard quotient (HQ) values for pharmaceutical effluents, hospital effluents, and river water. The degraded aquatic environment exhibited the selection of a wide array of co-existent resistant genes for antibiotics and metals. The review revealed improper use of antibiotics and inadequate wastewater treatment as major drivers of AMR contaminating water bodies in India and suggestion for containing the challenges posed by AMR in India has been proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manas Kumar Das
- Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700120, India.
| | - Subhasree Das
- Department of Veterinary Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, West Bengal University of Animal & Fishery Sciences, 37, K. B. Sarani, Belgachia, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700037, India
| | - Pankaj Kumar Srivastava
- Department of Aquaculture, DDU Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, 273009, India
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18
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Alharbi OA, Jarvis E, Galani A, Thomaidis NS, Nika MC, Chapman DV. Assessment of selected pharmaceuticals in Riyadh wastewater treatment plants, Saudi Arabia: Mass loadings, seasonal variations, removal efficiency and environmental risk. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 882:163284. [PMID: 37031940 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Despite increasing interest in pharmaceutical emissions worldwide, studies of environmental contamination with pharmaceuticals arising from wastewater discharges in Saudi Arabia are scarce. Therefore, this study examined occurrence, mass loads and removal efficiency for 15 pharmaceuticals and one metabolite (oxypurinol) from different therapeutic classes in three wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), in Riyadh city in Saudi Arabia. A total of 144 samples were collected from the influents and effluents between March 2018 and July 2019 and analyzed using Solid Phase Extraction followed by triple quadrupole LC-MS/MS. The average concentrations in the influents and effluents were generally higher than their corresponding concentrations found either in previous Saudi Arabian or global studies. The four most dominant compounds in the influent were acetaminophen, ciprofloxacin, caffeine, and diclofenac, with caffeine and acetaminophen having the highest concentrations ranging between 943 and 2282 μg/L. Metformin and ciprofloxacin were the most frequently detected compounds in the effluents at concentrations as high as 33.2 μg/L. Ciprofloxacin had the highest mass load in the effluents of all three WWTPs, ranging between 0.20 and 20.7 mg/day/1000 inhabitants for different WWTPs. The overall average removal efficiency was estimated high (≥80), with no significant different (p > 0.05) between the treatment technology applied. Acetaminophen and caffeine were almost completely eliminated in all three WWTPs. The samples collected in the cold season generally had higher levels of detected compounds than those from the warm seasons, particularly for NSAID and antibiotic compounds. The estimated environmental risk from pharmaceutical compounds in the studied effluents was mostly low, except for antibiotic compounds. Thus, antibiotics should be considered for future monitoring programmes of the aquatic environment in Saudi Arabia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Obaid A Alharbi
- Water Management & Treatment Technologies Institute, Sustainability and Environment Sector, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh 12354, Saudi Arabia; School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University College Cork, T23 N73K, Ireland.
| | - Edward Jarvis
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University College Cork, T23 N73K, Ireland
| | - Aikaterini Galani
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, University Campus, Zografou, 15771, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos S Thomaidis
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, University Campus, Zografou, 15771, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria-Christina Nika
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, University Campus, Zografou, 15771, Athens, Greece
| | - Deborah V Chapman
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University College Cork, T23 N73K, Ireland; Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, T23 XE10, Ireland
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19
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Cheng L, Wei M, Hu Q, Li B, Li B, Wang W, Abudi ZN, Hu Z. Aerobic granular sludge formation and stability in enhanced biological phosphorus removal system under antibiotics pressure: Performance, granulation mechanism, and microbial successions. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 454:131472. [PMID: 37099906 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater containing antibiotics can pose a significant threat to biological wastewater treatment processes. This study investigated the establishment and stable operation of enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) by aerobic granular sludge (AGS) under mixed stress conditions induced by tetracycline (TC), sulfamethoxazole (SMX), ofloxacin (OFL), and roxithromycin (ROX). The results show that the AGS system was efficient in removing TP (98.0%), COD (96.1%), and NH4+-N (99.6%). The average removal efficiencies of the four antibiotics were 79.17% (TC), 70.86% (SMX), 25.73% (OFL), and 88.93% (ROX), respectively. The microorganisms in the AGS system secreted more polysaccharides, which contributed to the reactor's tolerance to antibiotics and facilitated granulation by enhancing the production of protein, particularly loosely bound protein. Illumina MiSeq sequencing revealed that putative phosphate accumulating organisms (PAOs)-related genera (Pseudomonas and Flavobacterium) were enormously beneficial to the mature AGS for TP removal. Based on the analysis of extracellular polymeric substances, extended Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek (XDLVO) theory, and microbial community, a three-stage granulation mechanism was proposed including adaption to the stress environment, formation of early aggregates and maturation of PAOs enriched microbial granules. Overall, the study demonstrated the stability of EBPR-AGS under mixed antibiotics pressure, providing insight into the granulation mechanism and the potential use of AGS for wastewater treatment containing antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Cheng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Mingyu Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Qixing Hu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Bingtang Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Bo Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Wenjia Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Zaidun Naji Abudi
- Environmental Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad 999048, Iraq
| | - Zhiquan Hu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.
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20
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Limmun W, Ishikawa N, Maeda T, Umeda T, Song J, Sasamoto M, Umita T, Ito A. Exploration of an efficient method for removing antibiotics from water and digested sewage sludge using Fe(VI): Kinetics and P phytoavailability and compostability in treated sludge. CHEMOSPHERE 2023:139165. [PMID: 37295684 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Potassium ferrate (K2FeO4) containing hexavalent iron [Fe(VI)] is an environmentally friendly oxidant, which possesses strong oxidizing power to treat wastewater and sludge. Therefore, the present study investigated degradation of selected antibiotics, namely levofloxacin (LEV), ciprofloxacin (CIP), oxytetracycline (OTC), and azithromycin (AZI), in water and anaerobically digested sewage sludge samples using Fe(VI). The effects of different Fe(VI) concentrations and initial pH values on antibiotic removal efficiency were evaluated. Under the studied conditions, LEV and CIP were almost completely removed from water samples, following second-order kinetics. In addition, over 60% of the four selected antibiotics were removed from sludge samples using 1 g L-1 Fe(VI). Furthermore, P phytoavailability and compostability of Fe(VI)-treated sludge were evaluated using different extraction reagents and a small composting unit. The extraction efficiency of phytoavailable P using 2% citric acid and neutral ammonium citrate was approximately 40% and 70%, respectively. The mixture of Fe(VI)-treated sludge and rice husk was self-heated in a closed composting reactor through the biodegradation of organic matter derived from the treated sludge. Therefore, Fe(VI)-treated sludge may be used as an organic material containing phytoavailable P for compost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warunee Limmun
- Department of Frontier Matters and Function Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Iwate University, Morioka, 020-8551, Japan; Department of Engineering, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Prince of Chumphon Campus, 17/1, Chumko Pathio, Chumphon, 86160, Thailand
| | - Nao Ishikawa
- Course of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Department of System Innovation Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Iwate University, Morioka, 020-8551, Japan
| | - Takeki Maeda
- Department of Food Production and Environmental Management, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, 3-18-34 Ueda, Morioka, 020-8550, Japan
| | - Takayuki Umeda
- Course of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Department of System Innovation Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Iwate University, Morioka, 020-8551, Japan
| | - Jie Song
- Course of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Department of System Innovation Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Iwate University, Morioka, 020-8551, Japan
| | - Makoto Sasamoto
- Technical Office, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Iwate University, Morioka, 020-8551, Japan
| | - Teruyuki Umita
- Course of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Department of System Innovation Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Iwate University, Morioka, 020-8551, Japan
| | - Ayumi Ito
- Course of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Department of System Innovation Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Iwate University, Morioka, 020-8551, Japan.
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21
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Kumar M, Silori R, Mazumder P, Tauseef SM. Screening of pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) along wastewater treatment system equipped with root zone treatment: A potential model for domestic waste leachate management. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 335:117494. [PMID: 36871357 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.117494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
We present the use of root zone treatment (RZT) based system for the removal of pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) from domestic wastewater. The occurrence of more than a dozen PPCPs were detected in an academic institution wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) at three specific locations, i.e., influent, root treatment zone, and effluents. The comparisons of observed compounds detected at various stages of WWTP suggest that the presence of PPCPs, like homatropine, cytisine, carbenoxolone, 4,2',4',6'-tetrahydroxychalcone, norpromazine, norethynodrel, fexofenadine, indinavir, dextroamphetamine, 3-hydroxymorphinan, phytosphingosine, octadecanedioic acid, meradimate, 1-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycerol, and 1-hexadecylamine, are unusual than the usual reported PPCPs in the WWTPs. In general, carbamazepine, ibuprofen, acetaminophen, trimethoprim, sulfamethoxazole, caffeine, triclocarban, and triclosan are often reported in wastewater systems. The normalized abundances of PPCPs range between 0.037-0.012, 0.108-0.009, and 0.208-0.005 in main influent, root zone effluent, and main effluents, respectively, of the WWTP. In addition, the removal rates of PPCPs were observed from -200.75% to ∼100% at RZT phase in the plant. Interestingly, we observed several PPCPs at later stages of treatment which were not detected in the influent of the WWTP. This is probably owing to the presence of conjugated metabolites of various PPCPs present in the influent, which subsequently got deconjugated to reform the parent compounds during the biological wastewater treatment. In addition, we suspect the potential release of earlier absorbed PPCPs in the system, which were absent on that particular day of sampling but have been part of earlier influents. In essence, RZT-based WWTP was found to be effective in removing the PPCPs and other organic contaminants in the study but results in stress the need for further comprehensive research on RZT system to conclude the exact removal efficacy and fate of PPCPs during treatment in the system. As a current research gap, the study also recommended RZT to be appraised for PPCPs in-situ remediation from landfill leachates, an underestimated source of PPCPs intrusion in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Kumar
- Sustainability Cluster, School of Engineering, UPES, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248007, India; Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Monterey, Monterrey, 64849, Nuevo Leon, Mexico.
| | - Rahul Silori
- Sustainability Cluster, School of Engineering, UPES, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248007, India
| | - Payal Mazumder
- Sustainability Cluster, School of Engineering, UPES, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248007, India
| | - Syed Mohammad Tauseef
- Sustainability Cluster, School of Engineering, UPES, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248007, India
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22
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Yun D, Kang D, Cho KH, Baek SS, Jeon J. Characterization of micropollutants in urban stormwater using high-resolution monitoring and machine learning. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 235:119865. [PMID: 36934536 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.119865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Urban rainfall events can lead to the runoff of pollutants, including industrial, pesticide, and pharmaceutical chemicals. Transporting micropollutants (MPs) into water systems can harm both human health and aquatic species. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the dynamics of MPs during rainfall events. However, few studies have examined MPs during rainfall events due to the high analytical expenses and extensive spatiotemporal variability. Few studies have investigated the occurrence patterns of MPs and factors that influence their transport, such as rainfall duration, antecedent dry periods, and variations in streamflow. Moreover, while there have been many analyses of nutrients, suspended solids, and heavy metals during the first flush effect (FFE), studies on the transport of MPs during FFE are insufficient. This study aimed to identify the dynamics of MPs and FFE in an urban catchment, using high-resolution monitoring and machine learning methods. Hierarchical clustering analysis and partial least squares regression (PLSR) were implemented to estimate the similarity between each MP and identify the factors influencing their transport during rainfall events. Eleven dominant MPs comprised 75% of the total MP concentration and had a 100% detection frequency. During rainfall events, pesticides and pharmaceutical MPs showed a higher FFE than industrial MPs. Moreover, the initial 30% of the runoff volume contained 78.0% of pesticide and 50.1% of pharmaceutical substances for events W1 (July 5 to July 6, 2021) and W6 (August 31 to September 1, 2021), respectively. The PLSR model suggested that stormflow (m3/s) and the duration of antecedent dry hours (h) significantly influenced MP dynamics, yielding the variable importance on projection scores greater than 1.0. Hence, our findings indicate that MPs in urban waters should be managed by considering FFE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daeun Yun
- School of Urban and Environmental Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, 50 UNIST-gil, Eonyang-eup, Ulju-gun, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Daeho Kang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Changwon National University, Changwondaehak-ro 20, Uichang-gu, Changwon-si, Gyeongsangnam-do 51140, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Hwa Cho
- School of Urban and Environmental Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, 50 UNIST-gil, Eonyang-eup, Ulju-gun, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea; Graduate School of Carbon Neutrality, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, 50 UNIST-gil, Eonyang-eup, Ulju-gun, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Soo Baek
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan-Si, Gyeongbuk 38541, South Korea.
| | - Junho Jeon
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Changwon National University, Changwondaehak-ro 20, Uichang-gu, Changwon-si, Gyeongsangnam-do 51140, Republic of Korea; School of Smart and Green Engineering, Changwon National University, Changwon, Gyeongsangnamdo 51140, Korea.
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23
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Sun S, Meng F, Qi H. Simultaneous determination of fourteen pharmaceuticals in sewage sludge using online solid-phase extraction-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry combined with accelerated solvent extraction. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:62522-62531. [PMID: 36943570 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-26072-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
An online solid-phase extraction (SPE) liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method (HPLC-MS/MS) combined with accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) was developed for simultaneous determination of 14 pharmaceuticals in sludge. In the online SPE procedures, ultrapure water with no additives was used as the loading solvent. In addition, low molecular weight targets such as atenolol were difficult to retain on SPE column after acetone was added to the washing solvent. The response signal of analytes can be greatly improved by adding 0.2% formic acid to the mobile phase. Under the optimized conditions, the recoveries of all the analytes ranged between 75.1 and 112%. Moreover, the limit of detections ranged from 1.8 to 7.9 ug/kg. The precision of analytical data was determined with relative standard deviation (RSD) ≤ 4.87%. This method was successfully applied to determine the concentration of pharmaceuticals in sludge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaojing Sun
- College of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei Key Laboratory of Air Pollution Cause and Impact, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, 056038, China
| | - Fan Meng
- Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, & School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Hong Qi
- Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, & School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China.
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24
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Long Y, Song L, Shu Y, Li B, Peijnenburg W, Zheng C. Evaluating the spatial and temporal distribution of emerging contaminants in the Pearl River Basin for regulating purposes. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 257:114918. [PMID: 37086620 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.114918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Little information is available on how the types, concentrations, and distribution of chemicals have evolved over the years. The objective of the present study is therefore to review the spatial and temporal distribution profile of emerging contaminants with limited toxicology data in the pearl river basin over the years to build up the emerging contaminants database in this region for risk assessment and regulatory purposes. The result revealed that seven groups of emerging contaminants were abundant in this region, and many emerging contaminants had been detected at much higher concentrations before 2011. Specifically, antibiotics, phenolic compounds, and acidic pharmaceuticals were the most abundant emerging contaminants detected in the aquatic compartment, while phenolic compounds were of the most profound concern in soil. Flame retardants and plastics were the most frequently studied chemicals in organisms. The abundance of the field concentrations and frequencies varied considerably over the years, and currently available data can hardly be used for regulation purposes. It is suggested that watershed management should establish a regular monitoring scheme and comprehensive database to monitor the distribution of emerging contaminants considering the highly condensed population in this region. The priority monitoring list should be formed in consideration of historical abundance, potential toxic effects of emerging contaminants as well as the distribution of heavily polluting industries in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Long
- Shenzhen Institute of Sustainable Development, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Lan Song
- Shenzhen Institute of Sustainable Development, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Yaqing Shu
- School of Navigation, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430063, China
| | - Bing Li
- Water Research Center, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Willie Peijnenburg
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands; Institute of Environmental Sciences (CML), Leiden University, Leiden RA 2300, the Netherlands
| | - Chunmiao Zheng
- Shenzhen Institute of Sustainable Development, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
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25
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Nozaki K, Tanoue R, Kunisue T, Tue NM, Fujii S, Sudo N, Isobe T, Nakayama K, Sudaryanto A, Subramanian A, Bulbule KA, Parthasarathy P, Tuyen LH, Viet PH, Kondo M, Tanabe S, Nomiyama K. Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in surface water and fish from three Asian countries: Species-specific bioaccumulation and potential ecological risks. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 866:161258. [PMID: 36587684 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.161258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In Asian developing countries, undeveloped and ineffective sewer systems are causing surface water pollution by a lot of contaminants, especially pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs). Therefore, the risks for freshwater fauna need to be assessed. The present study aimed at: i) elucidating the contamination status; ii) evaluating the bioaccumulation; and iii) assessing the potential risks of PPCP residues in surface water and freshwater fish from three Asian countries. We measured 43 PPCPs in the plasma of several fish species as well as ambient water samples collected from India (Chennai and Bengaluru), Indonesia (Jakarta and Tangerang), and Vietnam (Hanoi and Hoa Binh). In addition, the validity of the existing fish blood-water partitioning model based solely on the lipophilicity of chemicals is assessed for ionizable and readily metabolizable PPCPs. When comparing bioaccumulation factors calculated from the PPCP concentrations measured in the fish and water (BAFmeasured) with bioconcentration factors predicted from their pH-dependent octanol-water partition coefficient (BCFpredicted), close values (within an order of magnitude) were observed for 58-91 % of the detected compounds. Nevertheless, up to 110 times higher plasma BAFmeasured than the BCFpredicted were found for the antihistamine chlorpheniramine in tilapia but not in other fish species. The plasma BAFmeasured values of the compound were significantly different in the three fish species (tilapia > carp > catfish), possibly due to species-specific differences in toxicokinetics (e.g., plasma protein binding and hepatic metabolism). Results of potential risk evaluation based on the PPCP concentrations measured in the fish plasma suggested that chlorpheniramine, triclosan, haloperidol, triclocarban, diclofenac, and diphenhydramine can pose potential adverse effects on wild fish. Results of potential risk evaluation based on the PPCP concentrations measured in the surface water indicated high ecological risks of carbamazepine, sulfamethoxazole, erythromycin, and triclosan on Asian freshwater ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazusa Nozaki
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies, Ehime University, 2-5 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Ehime 790 8577, Japan
| | - Rumi Tanoue
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies, Ehime University, 2-5 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Ehime 790 8577, Japan.
| | - Tatsuya Kunisue
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies, Ehime University, 2-5 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Ehime 790 8577, Japan
| | - Nguyen Minh Tue
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies, Ehime University, 2-5 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Ehime 790 8577, Japan; Key Laboratory of Analytical Technology for Environmental Quality and Food Safety Control (KLATEFOS), University of Science, Vietnam National University, 334 Nguyen Trai, Hanoi 11400, Viet Nam
| | - Sadahiko Fujii
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies, Ehime University, 2-5 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Ehime 790 8577, Japan
| | - Nao Sudo
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies, Ehime University, 2-5 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Ehime 790 8577, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Isobe
- National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305 8506, Japan
| | - Kei Nakayama
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies, Ehime University, 2-5 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Ehime 790 8577, Japan
| | - Agus Sudaryanto
- Research Center for Environmental and Clean Technology, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Building 820, Puspiptek Serpong, South Tangerang, Banten, Indonesia
| | - Annamalai Subramanian
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, School of Environmental Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu 620 024, India
| | - Keshav A Bulbule
- KLE Society's S. Nijalingappa College, 2nd Block, Rajajinagar, Bangaluru 560 010, India
| | - Peethambaram Parthasarathy
- E-Parisaraa Pvt. Ltd., Plot No. 30-P3, Karnataka Industrial Area Development Board, Dobaspet Industrial Area, Bengaluru 562 111, India
| | - Le Huu Tuyen
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Technology for Environmental Quality and Food Safety Control (KLATEFOS), University of Science, Vietnam National University, 334 Nguyen Trai, Hanoi 11400, Viet Nam
| | - Pham Hung Viet
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Technology for Environmental Quality and Food Safety Control (KLATEFOS), University of Science, Vietnam National University, 334 Nguyen Trai, Hanoi 11400, Viet Nam
| | - Masakazu Kondo
- Department of Applied Aquabiology, National Fisheries University, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, Yamaguchi 759 6595, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Tanabe
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies, Ehime University, 2-5 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Ehime 790 8577, Japan
| | - Kei Nomiyama
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies, Ehime University, 2-5 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Ehime 790 8577, Japan
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26
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Chopra S, Kumar D. Characterization and biodegradation of paracetamol by biomass of Bacillus licheniformis strain PPY-2 isolated from wastewater. RENDICONTI LINCEI. SCIENZE FISICHE E NATURALI 2023; 34:491-501. [PMID: 36852133 PMCID: PMC9947448 DOI: 10.1007/s12210-023-01140-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Industrialization leads to the entry of diverse xenobiotic compounds into the environment. One such compound is paracetamol (APAP), which is emerging as a pharmaceutical and personal care pollutant (PPCP). In this study, the APAP degrading bacterium was isolated by enrichment culture method from the sewage sample. The microscopy, biochemical, and 16S rRNA gene sequence analyzed the isolate PPY-2, which belongs to Bacillus licheniformis, and GenBank assigned accession number MN744328. Physiological and batch culture degradation studies have indicated that the strain involved in the degradation of APAP. The optimum pH for degradation of the PPY-2 was 7.7, whereas the temperature was 25 °C, agitation speed was 142 rpm, and concentration of APAP was 621 mg/L reported, and the optimum temperatures were 42 °C and 32 °C, respectively. Biomass kinetic was studied at optimal physical conditions, which suggested that the specific growth rate (μ) was 721 mg/L. The GC-MS chromatogram peaks have detected metabolites, viz., oxalic acid, 2-isopropyl-5-methyl cyclohexanone, and phenothiazine. The study confirmed that Bacillus licheniformis strain PPY-2 exhibits metabolic potential to biodegradation APAP and can be further deployed in bioremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Chopra
- Department of Biotechnology, Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram University of Science and Technology, Murthal, Sonepat, 131039 India
| | - Dharmender Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram University of Science and Technology, Murthal, Sonepat, 131039 India
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27
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Singh D, Gurjar BR. Recent innovation and impacts of nano-based technologies for wastewater treatment on humans: a review. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 195:357. [PMID: 36732372 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-10790-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Sustainable wastewater management requires environment-friendly, efficient, and cost-effective methods of water treatment. The ever-growing list of emerging contaminants in municipal wastewater requires advanced, efficient, and cost-effective techniques for its treatment to combat the increasing water demand. The nano-based technologies hold great potential in improving water treatment efficiency and augmenting the water supply. However, the environmental effects of these technologies are still questionable among the public and scientific community. The present review discusses risks to human health due to the use of nano-based technology for the removal of emerging contaminants in water. The discussion will be about the impacts of these technologies on humans. Recommendations about safe and environmentally friendly options for nano-based technology for water treatment have been included. Safest options of nano-based technologies for water treatment and steps to minimize the risk associated with them have also been incorporated in this article. Since all biological systems are different, separate risk analyses should be performed at the environmentally relevant concentration for different durations. There is little/no information on the quantitative impact on humans and requires more understanding. The quantitative measurement of the cellular uptake of nanoparticles is usually difficult. We hope this article will serve its purpose for water researchers, medical researchers, environmentalists, policymakers, and the government.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Singh
- Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Roorkee, Roorkee, India.
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28
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Mishra S, Kumar P, Mehrotra I, Kumar M. Prevalence of organic micropollutants in the Yamuna River, Delhi, India: seasonal variations and governing factors. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 858:159684. [PMID: 36302441 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This work primarily emphases on evaluating the prevalence of organic micropollutants (OMPs) in the perennial Yamuna River (YR) that flow through the national capital of India, Delhi. Sixteen sampling campaigns (non-monsoon, n = 9; monsoon n = 7) were organized to understand the seasonal variations with special emphasis on monsoon. We have found fifty-five OMPs in the monsoon; while forty-seven were detected in non-monsoon. Fifty-seven screened and quantified OMPs in the most polluted stretch of River Yamuna included the pharmaceutically active compounds, pesticides, endocrine-disrupting chemicals, phthalates, personal care products, fatty acids, food additives, hormones, and trace organics present in hospital wastes. During monsoon months, compounds for which concentrations exceeded 50 μg/L were: adenine (64.6 μg/L), diethyl phthalate (62.9 μg/L), and octamethyltrisiloxane (56.9 μg/L); and the same for non-monsoon months was only for 1-dodecanethiol (52.3 μg/L). The average concentration of OMPs in non-monsoon months indicate PhACs>PCPs>Pesticides>Fatty acids>Hospital waste>Hormones>Pesticides>EDCs. In monsoon months due to surface runoff and high volume of untreated wastewater discharges few more OMPs concentrations were detected which mainly includes PhACs (clofibric acid, diclofenac sodium, gemfibrozil, ketoprofen), pesticides (aldrin, metribuzin, atrazine, simazine). Due to dilution effect in the monsoon months, average concentrations of 3-acetamido-5-bromobenzoic acid (PhACs) was reduced from 45.22 μg/L to 14.07 μg/L, whereas some EDCs such as 2,4- Di-tert-amylphenol, 3,5- di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol, Triphenylphosphine oxide, Benzophenone were found in much higher concentrations in the monsoon months. Octamethyltrisiloxane (PCPs) was detected 50 times higher in concentration in the monsoon months. Interestingly, the concentration of about 50 % of the OMPs was more in the monsoon samples than in non-monsoon samples which is contrary to the general understanding that monsoon-induced dilution lowers the concentrations of OMPs. In RY water higher magnitude of diclofenac sodium, ibuprofen, ketoprofen, and clofibric acid was found than Europe and North America rivers. Hormones such as estriol and estrone in RY water are found 70 to 100 times higher than the maximum reported concentrations in the US streams. Finally, various OMPs responded differently to the monsoon season as evident from multivariate analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soma Mishra
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India; Department of Civil Engineering, Sharda School of Engineering and Technology (SSET), Sharda University, Greater Noida, UP, India
| | - Indu Mehrotra
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Manish Kumar
- Sustainability Cluster, School of Engineering, University of Petroleum & Energy Studies, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248007, India; Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Monterey, Monterrey 64849, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
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29
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Mohy-U-Din N, Farhan M, Wahid A, Ciric L, Sharif F. Human health risk estimation of antibiotics transferred from wastewater and soil to crops. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:20601-20614. [PMID: 36255570 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-23412-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotics enter into agricultural land, via manure application or wastewater irrigation. The practices of using untreated wastewater in the agricultural system help in the bioaccumulation of antibiotics in vegetables and other crops. Exposure to the bioaccumulated antibiotics poses serious health risks to ecosystem and human. In this study, the prevalence of two fluoroquinolones (levofloxacin and ciprofloxacin), their bioaccumulation in five crops (Daucus carota L., Pisum sativum L., Raphanus raphanistrum L., Lactuca sativa L., Spinacia oleracea L.), and associated human health risks were investigated. Lettuce showed highest bioaccumulation of levofloxacin (LEV) (12.66 μg kg-1) and carrot showed high bioaccumulation of ciprofloxacin (CIP) (13.01 μg kg-1). In roots, bioconcentration factor (BCFroot) was observed to be relatively high in radish (LEV 0.24-0.43, CIP 0.32-0.49) and observed to be lower in spinach (LEV 0.05-0.13, CIP 0.12-0.19). The translocation factor (TF) for LEV and CIP was generally >1 for all five crops under all treatment. The final transfer and distribution of LEV and CIP in the edible parts of the crops were as follows: leaves > shoots > roots for both antibiotics. Risk quotient of both LEV and CIP in current study is found to be in between 0.018 and 0.557 and shows a medium risk (0.1 to 1) to human health due the discharge of untreated wastewater into the fields. However, our study reports that both antibiotics do accumulate in the edible plant parts; therefore, it poses potential risks to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazish Mohy-U-Din
- Sustainable Development Study Center, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
- Healthy Infrastructure Research Group, Department of Civil, Environmental and Geomatic Engineering, University College London, Gower Street, London, UK
| | - Muhammad Farhan
- Sustainable Development Study Center, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Abdul Wahid
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Lena Ciric
- Healthy Infrastructure Research Group, Department of Civil, Environmental and Geomatic Engineering, University College London, Gower Street, London, UK
| | - Faiza Sharif
- Sustainable Development Study Center, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
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Appraising efficacy of existing and advanced technologies for the remediation of beta-blockers from wastewater: A review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:25427-25451. [PMID: 35094282 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-18287-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The discharge of emerging pollutants, such as beta-blockers (BB), has been recognized as one of the major threats to the environment due to the ecotoxicity associated with these emerging pollutants. The BB are prescribed to treat high blood pressure and cardiovascular diseases; however, even at lower concentration, these pollutants can pose eco-toxic impacts towards aquatic organisms. Additionally, owing to their recalcitrant nature, BB are not effectively removed through conventional technologies, such as activated sludge process, trickling filter and moving bed bioreactor; thus, it is essential to understand the degradation mechanism of BB in established as well as embryonic technologies, like adsorption, electro-oxidation, Fenton process, ultraviolet-based advance oxidation process, ozonation, membrane systems, wetlands and algal treatment. In this regard, this review articulates the recalcitrant nature of BB and their associated removal technologies. Moreover, the major advantages and limitations of these BB removal technologies along with the recent advancements with regard to the application of innovative materials and strategies have also been elucidated. Therefore, the present review intends to aid the researchers in improving the BB removal efficiency of these technologies, thus alleviating the problem of the release of BB into the environment.
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Efficient and Reusable Sorbents Based on Nanostructured BN Coatings for Water Treatment from Antibiotics. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232416097. [PMID: 36555734 PMCID: PMC9788227 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232416097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing contamination of wastewater with antibiotics used in agriculture, animal husbandry, and medicine is a serious problem for all living things. To address this important issue, we have developed an efficient platform based on a high specific surface area hexagonal boron nitride (BN) coating formed by numerous nanopetals and nanoneedles. The maximum sorption capacity of 1 × 1 cm2 BN coatings is 502.78 µg/g (tetracycline, TET), 315.75 µg/g (ciprofloxacin, CIP), 400.17 µg/g (amoxicillin, AMOX), and 269.7 µg/g (amphotericin B, AMP), which exceeds the sorption capacity of many known materials. Unlike nanoparticles, BN-coated Si wafers are easy to place in and remove from antibiotic-contaminated aqueous solutions, and are easy to clean. When reusing the adsorbents, 100% efficiency was observed at the same time intervals as in the first cleaning cycle: 7 days (TET) and 14 days (CIP, AMOX, AMP) at 10 µg/mL, 14 days (TET, CIP, and AMOX) and 28 days (AMP) at 50 µg/mL, and 14 days (TET) and 28 days (CIP, AMOX and AMP) at 100 µg/mL. The results obtained showed that TET and CIP are best adsorbed on the surface of BN, so TET was chosen as an example for further theoretical modeling of the sorption process. It was found that adsorption is the main mechanism, and this process is spontaneous and endothermic. This highlights the importance of a high specific surface area for the efficient removal of antibiotics from aqueous solutions.
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Arun S, Xin L, Gaonkar O, Neppolian B, Zhang G, Chakraborty P. Antibiotics in sewage treatment plants, receiving water bodies and groundwater of Chennai city and the suburb, South India: Occurrence, removal efficiencies, and risk assessment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 851:158195. [PMID: 35995170 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The presence of antibiotics in the aqueous environment can alter the water microbiome, inducing antimicrobial resistance genes. Hence, the occurrence of 18 antibiotics belonging to sulfonamides, fluoroquinolones, tetracyclines, phenicols, and macrolides classes were investigated in surface water, groundwater, and sewage treatment plants in Chennai city and the suburbs. Fluoroquinolones had the maximum detection frequency in both influent and effluent samples of urban and suburban STPs, with ofloxacin and ciprofloxacin showing the highest influent concentrations. Erythromycin was the predominant antibiotic in surface water samples with an average concentration of 194.4 ng/L. All the detected antibiotic concentrations were higher in the Buckingham Canal compared to those in Adyar and Cooum rivers, possibly due to direct sewer outfalls in the canal. In groundwater samples, ciprofloxacin showed the highest levels with an average of 20.48 ng/L and the concentrations were comparable to those of surface water. The average sulfamethazine concentration in groundwater (5.2 ng/L) was found to be slightly higher than that of the surface water and much higher than the STP influent concentrations. High levels of ciprofloxacin and sulfamethazine in groundwater may be because of their high solubility and wide use. Moreover, erythromycin was completely removed after treatment in urban STPs; FQs showed relatively lesser removal efficiency (2.4-54%) in urban STPs and (8-44%) in suburban STP. Tetracyclines and phenicols were not detected in any of the samples. Ciprofloxacin and azithromycin in surface water pose a high risk in terms of estimated antibiotic resistance. This study revealed that the measured surface water concentration of antibiotics were 500 times higher for some compounds than the predicted calculated concentrations from STP effluents. Therefore, we suspect the direct sewage outlets or open drains might play an important role in contaminating surface water bodies in Chennai city.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sija Arun
- Department of Civil Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Liu Xin
- Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | | | - B Neppolian
- Department of Chemistry, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Gan Zhang
- Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Paromita Chakraborty
- Environmental Science and Technology Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Ranjan N, Singh PK, Maurya NS. Pharmaceuticals in water as emerging pollutants for river health: A critical review under Indian conditions. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 247:114220. [PMID: 36332401 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The wastewaters from pharmaceutical manufacturing units, hospitals, and domestic sewage contaminated with excretal matters of medicine users are the prime sources of pharmaceutical pollutants (PPs) in natural water bodies. In the present study, PPs have been considered one of the emerging pollutants (EPs) and a cause of concern in river health assessment. Beyond the reported increase in antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ABRB), PPs have been found adversely affecting the biotic diversity in such water environments. Considering Algae, Macroinvertebrates, and Fishes as three distinct trophic level indicators, the present study puts forward a framework for showing River Health Condition (RHC) based on the calculation of a River Health Index (RHI). The RHI is calculated using six Indicator Group Scores (IGS) which individually reflect river health in a defined category of water quality characteristics. While Dissolved Oxygen Related Parameters (DORP), Nutrients (NT), and PPs are taken as causative agents affecting RHCs, scores of Algal-Bacterial (AB) symbiosis, Macroinvertebrates (MI), and Fishes (F) are considered as an effect of such environmental conditions. Current wastewater treatment technologies are also not very effective in the removal of PPs. The objective of the present study is to review the harmful effects of PPs on the aquatic environment, particularly on the chemical and biotic indicators of river health. Based on predicted no-effect concentrations (PNEC) for algae, macroinvertebrates, and fishes in the aquatic environment and measured environmental concentration (MEC) in the river, the estimated risk quotient (RQ) for norfloxacin in the Isakavagu-Nakkavagu stream of river Godavari, Hyderabad is found 293 for algae, 39 for MI, and 335 for fish. Among PPs, in Indian rivers, the presence of caffeine is the most frequent, with algae at the highest level of risk (RQmax= 24.5). Broadly six PPs, including azithromycin, caffeine, diclofenac, naproxen, norfloxacin, and sulfamethoxazole are found above PNEC values in Indian rivers. The application of IGS and RHI in understanding and presenting the river health condition (RHC) through colored hexagons has been demonstrated for the river Ganga near Varanasi (India) as an example. Identification of critical indicator groups, based on IGS provides a scientific basis for planned intervention for river health restoration to achieve an acceptable category.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitin Ranjan
- Department of Civil Engineering, IIT(BHU), Varanasi 221005, India.
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Hayes A, May Murray L, Catherine Stanton I, Zhang L, Snape J, Hugo Gaze W, Kaye Murray A. Predicting selection for antimicrobial resistance in UK wastewater and aquatic environments: Ciprofloxacin poses a significant risk. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 169:107488. [PMID: 36152362 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a threat to human and animal health, with the environment increasingly recognised as playing an important role in AMR evolution, dissemination, and transmission. Antibiotics can select for AMR at very low concentrations, similar to those in the environment, yet their release into the environment, e.g., from wastewater treatment plants, is not currently regulated. Understanding the selection risk antibiotics pose in wastewater and receiving waters is key to understanding if environmental regulation of antibiotics is required. We investigated the risk of selection occurring in UK wastewater and receiving waters by determining where measured environmental concentration data (n = 8187) for four antibiotics (ciprofloxacin, azithromycin, clarithromycin, and erythromycin) collected in England and Wales 2015-2018 (sites n = 67) exceeded selective concentration thresholds derived from complex microbial community evolution experiments undertaken previously. We show that selection for AMR by ciprofloxacin is likely to have occurred routinely in England and Wales wastewater during the 2015-2018 period, with some seasonal and regional trends. Wastewater treatment reduces the selection risk posed by ciprofloxacin significantly, but not completely, and predicted risk in surface waters remains high in several cases. Conversely, the potential risks posed by the macrolides (azithromycin, clarithromycin, and erythromycin) were lower than those posed by ciprofloxacin. Our data demonstrate further action is needed to prevent selection for AMR in wastewater, with environmental quality standards for some antibiotics required in the future, and that selection risk is not solely a concern in low/middle income countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- April Hayes
- European Centre for Environment and Human Health, Environment & Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Cornwall, UK
| | - Laura May Murray
- European Centre for Environment and Human Health, Environment & Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Cornwall, UK
| | - Isobel Catherine Stanton
- European Centre for Environment and Human Health, Environment & Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Cornwall, UK; UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Wallingford, UK
| | - Lihong Zhang
- European Centre for Environment and Human Health, Environment & Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Cornwall, UK
| | - Jason Snape
- AstraZeneca Global Environment, Alderly Park, Macclesfield, UK
| | - William Hugo Gaze
- European Centre for Environment and Human Health, Environment & Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Cornwall, UK
| | - Aimee Kaye Murray
- European Centre for Environment and Human Health, Environment & Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Cornwall, UK
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Silori R, Shrivastava V, Singh A, Sharma P, Aouad M, Mahlknecht J, Kumar M. Global groundwater vulnerability for Pharmaceutical and Personal care products (PPCPs): The scenario of second decade of 21st century. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 320:115703. [PMID: 35932733 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The global production of PPCPs have increased by multiple folds promoting excessive exposure of its metabolites to humans via different aquatic systems. The higher residence time of toxic precursors of these metabolites pose direct human health risk. Among the different aquatic systems, the contamination of groundwater by PPCPs is the most concerning threat. This threat is especially critical considering the lesser oxidizing potential of the groundwater as compared to freshwater/river water. A major challenge also arises due to excessive dependency of the world's population on groundwater, which is exponentially increasing with time. This makes the identification and characterization of spatial contamination hotspots highly probabilistic as compared to other freshwater systems. The situation is more vulnerable in developing countries where there is a reported inadequacy of wastewater treatment facilities, thereby forcing the groundwater to behave as the only available sequestrating sink for all these contaminants. With increased consumption of antibiotics and other pharmaceuticals compounds, these wastes have proven capability in terms of enhancing the resistance among the biotic community of the soil systems, which ultimately can become catastrophic and carcinogenic in near future. Recent studies are supporting the aforementioned concern where compounds like diclofenac (analgesic) have attained a concentration of 1.3 mgL-1 in the aquifer systems of Delhi, India. The situation is far worse for developed nations where prolonged and indiscriminate usage of antidepressants and antibiotics have life threating consequences. It has been confirmed that certain compounds like ofloxacin (antibiotics) and bis-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate are present in some of the most sensitive wells/springs of the United States and Mexico. The current trend of the situation has been demonstrated by integrating a comparative approach of the published literatures in last three years. This review provides first-hand information report for formulating a directive policy framework for tackling PPCPs issues in the groundwater system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Silori
- School of Engineering, University of Petroleum & Energy Studies, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248007, India
| | - Vikalp Shrivastava
- School of Engineering, University of Petroleum & Energy Studies, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248007, India
| | - Ashwin Singh
- Discipline of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Gandhinagar, 382355, Gujarat, India
| | - Pradeep Sharma
- Department of Environmental Science, Graphic Era Deemed to be University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248002, India
| | - Marwan Aouad
- College of Engineering, Applied Science University (ASU), Kingdom of Bahrain
| | - Jürgen Mahlknecht
- Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Monterey, Monterrey, 64849, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
| | - Manish Kumar
- School of Engineering, University of Petroleum & Energy Studies, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248007, India.
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Scaria J, Nidheesh P. The role of non-radical pathway in heterogeneous activation of persulfate and H2O2 by superparamagnetic magnetite-reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.121764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Zheng S, Wang Y, Chen C, Zhou X, Liu Y, Yang J, Geng Q, Chen G, Ding Y, Yang F. Current Progress in Natural Degradation and Enhanced Removal Techniques of Antibiotics in the Environment: A Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph191710919. [PMID: 36078629 PMCID: PMC9518397 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191710919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotics are used extensively throughout the world and their presence in the environment has caused serious pollution. This review summarizes natural methods and enhanced technologies that have been developed for antibiotic degradation. In the natural environment, antibiotics can be degraded by photolysis, hydrolysis, and biodegradation, but the rate and extent of degradation are limited. Recently, developed enhanced techniques utilize biological, chemical, or physicochemical principles for antibiotic removal. These techniques include traditional biological methods, adsorption methods, membrane treatment, advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), constructed wetlands (CWs), microalgae treatment, and microbial electrochemical systems (such as microbial fuel cells, MFCs). These techniques have both advantages and disadvantages and, to overcome disadvantages associated with individual techniques, hybrid techniques have been developed and have shown significant potential for antibiotic removal. Hybrids include combinations of the electrochemical method with AOPs, CWs with MFCs, microalgal treatment with activated sludge, and AOPs with MFCs. Considering the complexity of antibiotic pollution and the characteristics of currently used removal technologies, it is apparent that hybrid methods are better choices for dealing with antibiotic contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimei Zheng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Weifang University, Weifang 261061, China
| | - Yandong Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Weifang People’s Hospital, Weifang 261041, China
| | - Cuihong Chen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xiaojing Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Weifang University, Weifang 261061, China
| | - Ying Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Weifang University, Weifang 261061, China
| | - Jinmei Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Weifang University, Weifang 261061, China
| | - Qijin Geng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Weifang University, Weifang 261061, China
| | - Gang Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Weifang University, Weifang 261061, China
| | - Yongzhen Ding
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China
- Correspondence: (Y.D.); (F.Y.)
| | - Fengxia Yang
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China
- Correspondence: (Y.D.); (F.Y.)
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Yu Q, Yang X, Zhao F, Hu X, Guan L, Ren H, Geng J. Spatiotemporal variation and removal of selected endocrine-disrupting chemicals in wastewater treatment plants across China: Treatment process comparison. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 835:155374. [PMID: 35461936 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the spatiotemporal variation in the occurrence of 19 endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) spanning four seasons in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) located in 17 Chinese cities was investigated. Removal efficiencies for selected EDCs in 17 WWTPs over four seasons were analyzed. Contributions of conventional and advanced process segments to the removal efficiency of EDCs were explored, which compared the removal efficacies of a variety of secondary and advanced processes for EDCs. Results showed that EDCs were extensively detected in WWTPs, with bisphenol A (BPA), dehydroepiandrosterone (DHRD), androstenedione (ADD), and pregnanediol (PD) being dominant in excess sludge and wastewater. Seasonally, the greatest seasonal differences were observed in the influent, with the concentrations of 12 EDCs varying significantly between seasons. Spatially, concentrations of BPA, DHRD, testosterone (TTR), and estriol (E3) in the influent significantly varied between the northern and southern WWTPs. Fourteen EDCs were removed steadily among the four seasons, while most EDCs had considerable removal differences between WWTPs. Contribution of the conventional process segment to the removal of individual EDCs was higher than that of the advanced process segment in WWTPs. Quantitative meta-analysis indicated that the anaerobic-anoxic-anaerobic (AAO) process in the various secondary processes had the highest removal of the target EDCs. Mass balance analysis further suggested that biodegradation in the aerobic tank of the AAO process was the major pathway for most EDCs removal. This study systematically depicts the spatiotemporal distribution of EDCs in WWTPs located across China and deepens the comprehension of EDCs removal in Chinese WWTPs from a treatment process perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingmiao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Xudong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Fuzheng Zhao
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Anning West Road No. 88, Lanzhou 730070, PR China
| | - Xianda Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Linchang Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Hongqiang Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Jinju Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, PR China.
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Anand U, Adelodun B, Cabreros C, Kumar P, Suresh S, Dey A, Ballesteros F, Bontempi E. Occurrence, transformation, bioaccumulation, risk and analysis of pharmaceutical and personal care products from wastewater: a review. ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS 2022; 20:3883-3904. [PMID: 35996725 PMCID: PMC9385088 DOI: 10.1007/s10311-022-01498-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Almost all aspects of society from food security to disease control and prevention have benefited from pharmaceutical and personal care products, yet these products are a major source of contamination that ends up in wastewater and ecosystems. This issue has been sharply accentuated during the coronavirus disease pandemic 2019 (COVID-19) due to the higher use of disinfectants and other products. Here we review pharmaceutical and personal care products with focus on their occurrence in the environment, detection, risk, and removal. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10311-022-01498-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uttpal Anand
- Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 84105 Beer-Sheva, Israel
- Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Midreshet Ben Gurion, 8499000, Israel
| | - Bashir Adelodun
- Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, University of Ilorin, PMB 1515, Ilorin, Nigeria
- Department of Agricultural Civil Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Carlo Cabreros
- Environmental Engineering Program, National Graduate School of Engineering, University of the Philippines, 1101 Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines
| | - Pankaj Kumar
- Agro-Ecology and Pollution Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology and Environmental Science, Gurukula Kangri (Deemed to Be University), Haridwar, Uttarakhand 249404 India
| | - S. Suresh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh 462 003 India
| | - Abhijit Dey
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, 86/1 College Street, Kolkata, West Bengal 700073 India
| | - Florencio Ballesteros
- Environmental Engineering Program, National Graduate School of Engineering, University of the Philippines, 1101 Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines
| | - Elza Bontempi
- INSTM and Chemistry for Technologies Laboratory, University of Brescia, Via Branze 38, 25123 Brescia, Italy
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Photocatalytic treatment of industrial effluent containing clopidogrel using europium doped TiO2 thin films under solar irradiation. REACTION KINETICS MECHANISMS AND CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11144-022-02270-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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41
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Ghose A, Mitra S. Spent waste from edible mushrooms offers innovative strategies for the remediation of persistent organic micropollutants: A review. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 305:119285. [PMID: 35421550 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Urgent and innovative strategies for removal of persistent organic micropollutants (OMPs) in soil, groundwater, and surface water are the need of the hour. OMPs detected in contaminated soils and effluents from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are categorized as environmentally persistent pharmaceutical pollutants (EPPPs), and endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs), their admixture could cause serious ecological issues to the non-target species. As complete eradication of OMPs is not possible with the extant conventional WWTPs technology, the inordinate and reckless application of OMPs negatively impacts environmental regenerative and resilience capacity. Therefore, the cardinal focus of this review is the bioremediation of persistent OMPs through efficient application of an agro-waste, i.e. spent mushroom waste (SMW). This innovative, green, long-term strategy embedded in the circular economy, based on state of the art information is comprehensively assessed in this paper. SMW accrues ligninolytic enzymes such as laccase and peroxidase, with efficient mechanism to facilitate biodegradation of recalcitrant organic pollutants. It is vital in this context that future research should address immobilization of such enzymes to overcome quantitative and qualitative issues obstructing their widespread use in biodegradation. Therefore, dual benefit is gained from cultivating critical cash crops like mushrooms to meet the escalating demand for food resources and to aid in biodegradation. Hence, mushroom cultivation has positive environmental, social, and economic implications in developing countries like India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anamika Ghose
- Agro-ecotechnology Laboratory, School of Agro and Rural Technology (SART), Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati (IITG), Assam, 781039, India
| | - Sudip Mitra
- Agro-ecotechnology Laboratory, School of Agro and Rural Technology (SART), Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati (IITG), Assam, 781039, India; Centre for Disaster Management and Research, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati (IITG), Assam 781039, India.
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Govinda raj M, Vijayakumar E, Preetha R, Narendran MG, Abigail Jennifer G, Varathan E, Neppolian B, Ganesh VK, John Bosco A. Experimental investigation into the π-conjugated HT-g-C3N4/MoS2 (X) evokes the electron transport in type-II heterojunction to achieve high photocatalytic antibiotic removal under visible-light irradiation. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.121028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Balu S, Chuaicham C, Balakumar V, Rajendran S, Sasaki K, Sekar K, Maruthapillai A. Recent development on core-shell photo(electro)catalysts for elimination of organic compounds from pharmaceutical wastewater. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 298:134311. [PMID: 35307392 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceutical organics are a vital milestone in contemporary human research since they treat various diseases and improve the quality of human life. However, these organic compounds are considered one of the major environmental hazards after the conception, along with the massive rise in antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in an ecosystem. There are various biological and catalytic technologies existed to eliminate these organics in aqueous system with their limitation. Advanced Oxidation processes (AOPs) are used to decompose these pharmaceutical organic compounds in the wastewater by generating reactive species with high oxidation potential. This review focused various photocatalysts, and photocatalytic oxidation processes, especially core-shell materials for photo (electro)catalytic application in pharmaceutical wastewater decomposition. Moreover, we discussed in details about the design and recent developments of core shell catalysts and comparison for photocatalytic, electrocatalytic and photo electrocatalytic applications in pharmaceutical wastewater treatment. In addition, the mixture of inorganic and organic core-shell materials, and metal-organic framework-based core-shell catalysts discussed in detail for antibiotic degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surendar Balu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India
| | - Chitiphon Chuaicham
- Department of Earth Resources Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Vellaichamy Balakumar
- Department of Earth Resources Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Saravanan Rajendran
- Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Tarapacá, Avda. General Velásquez, 1775, Arica, Chile
| | - Keiko Sasaki
- Department of Earth Resources Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Karthikeyan Sekar
- Department of Chemistry, College of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India
| | - Arthanareeswari Maruthapillai
- Department of Chemistry, College of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India.
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Monitoring of a Broad Set of Pharmaceuticals in Wastewaters by High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry and Evaluation of Heterogenous Catalytic Ozonation for Their Removal in a Pre-Industrial Level Unit. ANALYTICA 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/analytica3020014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The removal of contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) occurring in wastewater effluents, such as pharmaceutically active substances (PhACs) and personal care products, pose a big research challenge since they can be a major source of pollution for water bodies and a danger to public health. The objective of this work was to perform a comprehensive monitoring of a broad set of PhACs (>130) in a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) close to Thessaloniki (Greece), as well as to evaluate the potential of heterogeneous catalytic ozonation for the removal of CECs from wastewater through a continuous flow system. The high-resolution mass spectrometry analysis revealed the highest average concentrations for irbesartan (1817 ng/L). Antihypertensives along with antibiotics, psychiatrics, and β-blockers were found to aggravate the effluents. Removal efficiency after conventional treatment was >30%. The results from catalytic ozonation unit operation indicate that the introduction of a proper solid material that acts as catalyst can enhance the removal of CECs. A preliminary risk assessment using the risk quotient (RQ) revealed that irbesartan and telmisartan entail high acute risk. The overall results underline the urgent need to incessantly monitor PhACs and expand the toxicological studies to establish the sublethal and chronic effects on aquatic organisms.
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Lin W, Huang Z, Ping S, Zhang S, Wen X, He Y, Ren Y. Toxicological effects of atenolol and venlafaxine on zebrafish tissues: Bioaccumulation, DNA hypomethylation, and molecular mechanism. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 299:118898. [PMID: 35081461 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.118898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The beta-blocker atenolol (ATE), and the selective serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, venlafaxine (VEN) are frequently detected in municipal wastewater effluents, but little is known about their ecotoxicological effect on aquatic animals. Herein, ATE and VEN were selected to explore their accumulation and global DNA methylation (GDM) in zebrafish tissues after a 30-day exposure. Molecular dynamics (MD) stimulation was used to investigate the toxic mechanism of ATE and VEN exposure. The results demonstrated that ATE and VEN could reduce the condition factor of zebrafish. The bioaccumulation capacity for ATE and VEN was in the order of liver > gut > gill > brain and liver > gut > brain > gill, respectively. After a 30-day recovery, ATE and VEN could still be detected in zebrafish tissues when exposure concentrations were ≥10 μg/L. Moreover, ATE and VEN induced global DNA hypomethylation in different tissues with a dose-dependent manner and their main target tissues were liver and brain. When the exposure concentrations of ATE and VEN were increased to 100 μg/L, the global DNA hypomethylation of liver and brain were reduced to 27% and 18%, respectively. In the same tissue exposed to the same concentration, DNA hypomethylation induced by VEN was more serious than that of ATE. After a 30-day recovery, the global DNA hypomethylations caused by the two drugs were still persistent, and the recovery of VEN was slower than that of ATE. The MD simulation results showed that both ATE and VEN could reduce the catalytic activity of DNA Methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1), while the effect of VEN on the 3D conformational changes of the DNMT1 domain was more significant, resulting in a lower DNA methylation rate. The current study shed new light on the toxic mechanism and potential adverse impacts of ATE and VEN on zebrafish, providing essential information to the further ecotoxicological risk assessment of these drugs in the aquatic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Lin
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Zhishan Huang
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Senwen Ping
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Shuan Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, PR China
| | - Xiufang Wen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, PR China
| | - Yuhe He
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yuan Ren
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; The Key Lab of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Ministry of Education, China; The Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Eco-Remediation of Guangdong Regular Higher Education Institutions, China.
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Omuferen LO, Maseko B, Olowoyo JO. Occurrence of antibiotics in wastewater from hospital and convectional wastewater treatment plants and their impact on the effluent receiving rivers: current knowledge between 2010 and 2019. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2022; 194:306. [PMID: 35353241 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-09846-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The increased usage of antibiotics over the recent years has been of great concern all over the world. It is estimated that about 100,000 tons to 200,000 tons of antibiotics are being consumed worldwide. This increased consumption of antibiotics is worrisome as this has resulted in their detection in wastewater treatment plants' (WWTPs) effluent due to the inability of WWTP to remove them during treatment processes. The antibiotics may emanate from hospital effluents, surface waters, and sediments around the world. However, the migration of antibiotics to the environment is detrimental to public health since it can lead to antibiotics resistance in both humans and animals which has now been reported to be one of the biggest threats to public health in this twenty-first century. This present review work established from literature the presence, concentrations, and types of antibiotics both in influents and effluents of various waste treatment plants, natural water bodies, and hospital wastewaters from different countries over the past 10 years (2010-2019). A total of 78 published articles containing information on the presence of antibiotics in convectional and hospital wastewater and also in surface water were retrieved from scientific databases such as ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, PubMed, and Web of Science. A total of 39 different types of antibiotics from 10 different classes of antibiotics and others were recorded. Among the articles reviewed, the most frequently detected antibiotics are the classes of sulfonamides (sulfamethoxazole) which were present in almost all the WWTPs at concentrations as high as 10-800 ng/l in influent and 3600-68,700 ng/l in effluent samples. Macrolides (clarithromycin, erythromycin, azithromycin), trimethoprim, quinolones (ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin), and tetracyclines (tetracycline) were also highly present in all treatment plants. β-Lactam antibiotics were seldom detected which might be due to hydrolysis. Most of the antibiotics present were recorded in Asian countries such as China and Singapore which have occurrence frequency of 6-30% and in European countries such as Greece and Spain with frequencies of about 6-10%. Future researches on the need for development of more reliable and cost-effective technologies for antibiotic removal such as advanced oxidation processes and remediation methods are suggested for more research attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loveth Oke Omuferen
- Department of Chemistry, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - B Maseko
- Department of Chemistry, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria, South Africa.
| | - J O Olowoyo
- Department of Biology, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria, South Africa
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Adeleye AS, Xue J, Zhao Y, Taylor AA, Zenobio JE, Sun Y, Han Z, Salawu OA, Zhu Y. Abundance, fate, and effects of pharmaceuticals and personal care products in aquatic environments. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 424:127284. [PMID: 34655870 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) are found in wastewater, and thus, the environment. In this study, current knowledge about the occurrence and fate of PPCPs in aquatic systems-including wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and natural waters around the world-is critically reviewed to inform the state of the science and highlight existing knowledge gaps. Excretion by humans is the primary route of PPCPs entry into municipal wastewater systems, but significant contributions also occur through emissions from hospitals, PPCPs manufacturers, and agriculture. Abundance of PPCPs in raw wastewater is influenced by several factors, including the population density and demography served by WWTPs, presence of hospitals and drugs manufacturers in the sewershed, disease burden of the population served, local regulations, and climatic conditions. Based on the data obtained from WWTPs, analgesics, antibiotics, and stimulants (e.g., caffeine) are the most abundant PPCPs in raw wastewater. In conventional WWTPs, most removal of PPCPs occurs during secondary treatment, and overall removal exceeds 90% for treatable PPCPs. Regardless, the total PPCP mass discharged with effluent by an average WWTP into receiving waters (7.35-20,160 g/day) is still considerable, because potential adverse effects of some PPCPs (such as ibuprofen) on aquatic organisms occur within measured concentrations found in surface waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeyemi S Adeleye
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-2175, USA.
| | - Jie Xue
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-2175, USA
| | - Yixin Zhao
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-2175, USA
| | - Alicia A Taylor
- Ecological and Biological Sciences Practice, Exponent, Inc., Oakland, CA 94612, USA
| | - Jenny E Zenobio
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-2175, USA
| | - Yian Sun
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-2175, USA; Water-Energy Nexus Center, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-2175, USA
| | - Ziwei Han
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-2175, USA
| | - Omobayo A Salawu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-2175, USA
| | - Yurong Zhu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-2580, USA
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Goswami P, Guruge KS, Tanoue R, Tamamura YA, Jinadasa KBSN, Nomiyama K, Kunisue T, Tanabe S. Occurrence of Pharmaceutically Active Compounds and Potential Ecological Risks in Wastewater from Hospitals and Receiving Waters in Sri Lanka. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2022; 41:298-311. [PMID: 34529856 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The presence of pharmaceutically active compounds (PACs) in the environment and their associated hazards is a major global health concern; however, data on these compounds are scarce in developing nations. In the present study, the existence of 39 non-antimicrobial PACs and six of their metabolites in wastewater from hospitals and adjacent surface waters in Sri Lanka was investigated from 2016 to 2018. The highest amounts of the measured chemicals, including the highest concentrations of atorvastatin (14,620 ng/L) and two metabolites, mefenamic acid (12,120 ng/L) and o-desmethyl tramadol (8700 ng/L), were detected in wastewater from the largest facility. Mefenamic acid, gemfibrozil, losartan, cetirizine, carbamazepine, and phenytoin were detected in all the samples. The removal rates in wastewater treatment were 100% for zolpidem, norsertaline, quetiapine, chlorpromazine, and alprazolam. There was substantial variation in removal rates of PACs among facilities, and the overall data suggest that treatment processes in facilities were ineffective and that some PAC concentrations in the effluents were increased. The estimated risk quotients revealed that 14 PACs detected in water samples could pose low to high ecological risk to various aquatic organisms. Compounds such as ibuprofen, tramadol, and chlorpromazine detected in untreated and treated wastewater at these facilities pose a high risk to several aquatic organisms. Our study provides novel monitoring data for non-antimicrobial PAC abundance and the associated potential ecological risk related to hospitals and urban surface waters in Sri Lanka and further offers valuable information on pre-COVID-19 era PAC distribution in the country. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:298-311. © 2021 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasun Goswami
- Atal Centre for Ocean Science and Technology for Islands, ESSO-National Institute of Ocean Technology, Dollygunj, Port Blair, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India
| | - Keerthi S Guruge
- National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Izumisano, Osaka, Japan
- National Institute of Fundamental Studies, Kandy, Sri Lanka
| | - Rumi Tanoue
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime, Japan
| | - Yukino A Tamamura
- National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - K B S N Jinadasa
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - Kei Nomiyama
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Kunisue
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Tanabe
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime, Japan
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Natarajan R, Saikia K, Ponnusamy SK, Rathankumar AK, Rajendran DS, Venkataraman S, Tannani DB, Arvind V, Somanna T, Banerjee K, Mohideen N, Vaidyanathan VK. Understanding the factors affecting adsorption of pharmaceuticals on different adsorbents - A critical literature update. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 287:131958. [PMID: 34454222 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Remediation of emerging pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs) as micropollutants in wastewater is of foremost importance as they can cause extremely detrimental effects on life upon bioaccumulation and generation of drug-resistance microorganisms. Presently used physicochemical treatments, such as electrochemical oxidation, nanofiltration and reverse osmosis, are not feasible owing to high operating costs, incomplete removal of contaminants along with toxic by-products formation. Adsorption with the utilization of facile and efficient nanoparticulate adsorbents having distinctive properties of high surface area, excellent adsorption capacity, ability to undergo surface engineering and good regeneration displays great potential in this aspect along with the incorporation of nanotechnology for effective treatment. The application of such nanosorbents provides optimal performance under a wide range of physicochemical conditions, decreased secondary pollution with reduced mechanical stress along with excellent organic compound sequestration capacity, which in turn improves the quality of potable water in a sustainable way compared to current treatments. The present review intends to consolidate the range of factors that affect the process of adsorption of different PhACs on to various nanosorbents and also highlights the adsorption mechanism aiding in the retrieval.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Natarajan
- Integrated Bioprocessing Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, 603 203, India
| | - Kongkona Saikia
- Integrated Bioprocessing Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, 603 203, India
| | - Senthil Kumar Ponnusamy
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Chennai, 603 110, India
| | - Abiram Karanam Rathankumar
- Integrated Bioprocessing Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, 603 203, India
| | - Devi Sri Rajendran
- Integrated Bioprocessing Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, 603 203, India
| | - Swethaa Venkataraman
- Integrated Bioprocessing Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, 603 203, India
| | - Diya Bharat Tannani
- Integrated Bioprocessing Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, 603 203, India
| | - Varshni Arvind
- Integrated Bioprocessing Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, 603 203, India
| | - Tanya Somanna
- Integrated Bioprocessing Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, 603 203, India
| | - Koyena Banerjee
- Integrated Bioprocessing Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, 603 203, India
| | - Nizar Mohideen
- Integrated Bioprocessing Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, 603 203, India
| | - Vinoth Kumar Vaidyanathan
- Integrated Bioprocessing Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, 603 203, India.
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Mathur P, Sanyal D, Callahan DL, Conlan XA, Pfeffer FM. Treatment technologies to mitigate the harmful effects of recalcitrant fluoroquinolone antibiotics on the environ- ment and human health. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 291:118233. [PMID: 34582925 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotic proliferation in the environment and their persistent nature is an issue of global concern as they induce antibiotic resistance threatening both human health and the ecosystem. Antibiotics have therefore been categorized as emerging pollutants. Fluoroquinolone (FQs) antibiotics are an emerging class of contaminants that are used extensively in human and veterinary medicine. The recalcitrant nature of fluoroquinolones has led to their presence in wastewater, effluents and water bodies. Even at a low concentration, FQs can stimulate antibacterial resistance. The main sources of FQ contamination include waste from pharmaceutical manufacturing industries, hospitals and households that ultimately reaches the wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). The conventional WWTPs are unable to completely remove FQs due to their chemical stability. Therefore, the development and implementation of more efficient, economical, convenient treatment and removal technologies are needed to adequately address the issue. This review provides an overview of the technologies available for the removal of fluoroquinolone antibiotics from wastewater including adsorptive removal, advanced oxidation processes, removal using non-carbon based nanomaterials, microbial degradation and enzymatic degradation. Each treatment technology is discussed on its merits and limitations and a comparative view is presented on the choice of an advanced treatment process for future studies and implementation. A discussion on the commercialization potential and eco-friendliness of each technology is also included in the review. The importance of metabolite identification and their residual toxicity determination has been emphasized. The last section of the review provides an overview of the policy interventions and regulatory frameworks that aid in retrofitting antibiotics as a central key focus contaminant and thereby defining the discharge limits for antibiotics and establishing safe manufacturing practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Purvi Mathur
- TERI-Deakin NanoBiotechnology Centre, Sustainable Agriculture Division, The Energy and Resources Institute, New Delhi, 110003, India; Deakin University, School of Life and Environmental Sciences (Burwood Campus), 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, VIC, 3125, Australia
| | - Doyeli Sanyal
- TERI-Deakin NanoBiotechnology Centre, Sustainable Agriculture Division, The Energy and Resources Institute, New Delhi, 110003, India; Amity University Punjab, IT City, Sector 82A, Mohali, 140308, India.
| | - Damien L Callahan
- Deakin University, School of Life and Environmental Sciences (Burwood Campus), 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, VIC, 3125, Australia
| | - Xavier A Conlan
- Deakin University, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, (Waurn Ponds Campus), 75 Pigdons Road, Locked Bag 20000, Geelong, VIC, 3220, Australia
| | - Frederick M Pfeffer
- Deakin University, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, (Waurn Ponds Campus), 75 Pigdons Road, Locked Bag 20000, Geelong, VIC, 3220, Australia
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