1
|
Maneerattanasak S, Ngamprasertchai T, Tun YM, Ruenroengbun N, Auewarakul P, Boonnak K. Prevalence of dengue, Zika, and chikungunya virus infections among mosquitoes in Asia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Infect Dis 2024; 148:107226. [PMID: 39216785 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2024.107226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Revised: 08/06/2024] [Accepted: 08/24/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dengue virus (DENV), Zika virus (ZIKV), and chikungunya virus (CHIKV) continue to pose significant public health risks. This study aims to assess the prevalence of these arbovirus infections in field-caught mosquitoes across Asia. METHODS Studies published after the year 2000 on DENV, ZIKV, and/or CHIKV infections in Asian mosquitoes were identified from Embase, Scopus, PubMed, and Ovid. A random-effects model estimated the pooled prevalence, defined as the overall prevalence from included studies, adjusted for variability among the studies. Meta-regression models were used to evaluate the association between predictors and their prevalence. RESULTS A total of 2529 articles were retrieved; 57 met the inclusion criteria. Pooled prevalence of DENV, ZIKV, and CHIKV infections in Asian mosquitoes were 5.85%, 2.15%, and 1.26%, respectively. Subgroup analysis revealed varying DENV prevalence across regions: East Asia (3.32%), South Asia (5.26%), and Southeast Asia (6.92%). Univariate regression analysis demonstrated significant associations between mosquito capture site and DENV prevalence (P < 0.001), and between study region and ZIKV prevalence (P = 0.005). However, no significant predictors were identified for CHIKV prevalence. CONCLUSION Our findings provide reference pooled summary estimates of arbovirus infections in mosquitoes, offering crucial insight into the regional disease burden and - guidance in the development and implementation of arbovirus surveillance in mosquitoes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarunya Maneerattanasak
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Thundon Ngamprasertchai
- Department of Tropical Hygiene, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Yin May Tun
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Health Intervention and Technology Assessment Program (HITAP), Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi, Thailand
| | - Narisa Ruenroengbun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care, Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Prasert Auewarakul
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kobporn Boonnak
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bratcher A, Kao SY, Chun K, Petropoulos CJ, Gundlapalli AV, Jones J, Clarke KEN. Quantitative SARS-CoV-2 Spike Receptor-Binding Domain and Neutralizing Antibody Titers in Previously Infected Persons, United States, January 2021-February 2022. Emerg Infect Dis 2024; 30:2352-2361. [PMID: 39447163 DOI: 10.3201/eid3011.240043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2024] Open
Abstract
We studied SARS-CoV-2 binding and neutralizing antibody titers among previously infected persons in the United States over time. We assayed SARS-CoV-2 spike protein receptor-binding domain and neutralizing antibody titers for a convenience sample of residual clinical serum specimens that had evidence of prior SARS-CoV-2 infection gathered during January 2021-February 2022. We correlated titers and examined them by age group (<18, 18-49, 50-64, and >65 years) across 4 different SARS-CoV-2 variant epochs. Among selected specimens, 30,967 had binding antibody titers and 744 had neutralizing titers available. Titers in specimens from children and adults correlated. In addition, mean binding antibody titers increased over time for all age groups, and mean neutralization titers increased over time for persons 16-49 and >65 years of age. Incorporating binding and neutralization antibody titers into infectious disease surveillance could provide a clearer picture of overall immunity and help target vaccination campaigns.
Collapse
|
3
|
Barreto-Duran E, Synowiec A, Szczepański A, Gałuszka-Bulaga A, Węglarczyk K, Baj-Krzyworzeka M, Siedlar M, Bochenek M, Dufva M, Dogan AA, Lenart M, Pyrc K. Development of an intestinal mucosa ex vivo co-culture model to study viral infections. J Virol 2024; 98:e0098724. [PMID: 39212448 PMCID: PMC11495016 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00987-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Studying viral infections necessitates well-designed cell culture models to deepen our understanding of diseases and develop effective treatments. In this study, we present a readily available ex vivo 3D co-culture model replicating the human intestinal mucosa. The model combines fully differentiated human intestinal epithelium (HIE) with human monocyte-derived macrophages (hMDMs) and faithfully mirrors the in vivo structural and organizational properties of intestinal mucosal tissues. Specifically, it mimics the lamina propria, basement membrane, and the air-exposed epithelial layer, enabling the pioneering observation of macrophage migration through the tissue to the site of viral infection. In this study, we applied the HIE-hMDMs model for the first time in viral infection studies, infecting the model with two globally significant viruses: severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and human norovirus GII.4. The results demonstrate the model's capability to support the replication of both viruses and show the antiviral role of macrophages, determined by their migration to the infection site and subsequent direct contact with infected epithelial cells. In addition, we evaluated the production of cytokines and chemokines in the intestinal niche, observing an increased interleukin-8 production during infection. A parallel comparison using a classical in vitro cell line model comprising Caco-2 and THP-1 cells for SARS-CoV-2 experiments confirmed the utility of the HIE-hMDMs model in viral infection studies. Our data show that the ex vivo tissue models hold important implications for advances in virology research.IMPORTANCEThe fabrication of intricate ex vivo tissue models holds important implications for advances in virology research. The co-culture model presented here provides distinct spatial and functional attributes not found in simplified models, enabling the evaluation of macrophage dynamics under severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 and human norovirus (HuNoV) infections in the intestine. Moreover, these models, comprised solely of primary cells, facilitate the study of difficult-to-replicate viruses such as HuNoV, which cannot be studied in cell line models, and offer the opportunity for personalized treatment evaluations using patient cells. Similar co-cultures have been established for the study of bacterial infections and different characteristics of the intestinal tissue. However, to the best of our knowledge, a similar intestinal model for the study of viral infections has not been published before.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Barreto-Duran
- Virogenetics Laboratory of Virology, Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Synowiec
- Virogenetics Laboratory of Virology, Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
- Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Artur Szczepański
- Virogenetics Laboratory of Virology, Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Adrianna Gałuszka-Bulaga
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Pediatrics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Kazimierz Węglarczyk
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Pediatrics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Monika Baj-Krzyworzeka
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Pediatrics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Maciej Siedlar
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Pediatrics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Michał Bochenek
- Flow Cytometry Facility, Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Martin Dufva
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Asli Aybike Dogan
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Marzena Lenart
- Virogenetics Laboratory of Virology, Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Pyrc
- Virogenetics Laboratory of Virology, Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ylade M, Aziz AB, Daag JV, Crisostomo MV, Agrupis KA, Maronilla MA, Sye Lim Hong C, Kim HY, Njau I, Lopez MHJ, Deen J, Kim DR, You YA, Kang SSY, Marks F, Tadesse BT. Using Dried Blood Spots to Quantitatively Detect Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG Antibodies by ELISA: A Validation Study. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2024; 111:391-395. [PMID: 38917817 PMCID: PMC11310613 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.23-0306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 serological testing is useful to determine seroprevalence, epidemiological trends, and the extent of transmission. The collection and transport of serum samples can be logistically challenging, especially in remote underserved areas. Dried blood spots (DBSs) would allow easier sample collection and logistical handling compared with standard serum collection, particularly for extensive and repeated SARS-CoV-2 serosurveys. We evaluated the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of the IgG ELISA (Wantai, Beijing, China) using DBSs against sera for the quantitative detection of SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody. The IgG ELISA was used to test paired sera and DBSs obtained from individuals with recent virologically confirmed COVID-19 illness and banked paired sera and DBSs collected before the COVID-19 pandemic. We found that 100/100 (100%) seropositive samples were positive using DBSs, and 193/194 (99%) seronegative samples were negative using DBSs. Compared with sera, the DBS method had a 100% sensitivity, 99% specificity, 99% PPV, and 100% NPV. Use of DBSs for SARS-CoV-2 household or population serosurveys may be considered in situations with limitations in sample collection, shipment, and storage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Ylade
- Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, University of the Philippines–Manila, Manila, Philippines
| | | | - Jedas Veronica Daag
- Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, University of the Philippines–Manila, Manila, Philippines
| | - Maria Vinna Crisostomo
- Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, University of the Philippines–Manila, Manila, Philippines
| | - Kristal-An Agrupis
- Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, University of the Philippines–Manila, Manila, Philippines
| | - Maria Angela Maronilla
- Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, University of the Philippines–Manila, Manila, Philippines
| | | | | | - Irene Njau
- International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Korea
| | - March Helena Jane Lopez
- Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, University of the Philippines–Manila, Manila, Philippines
| | - Jacqueline Deen
- Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, University of the Philippines–Manila, Manila, Philippines
| | | | | | | | - Florian Marks
- International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Korea
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Heidelberg Institute of Global Health, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Madagascar Institute for Vaccine Research, University of Antananarivo, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - Birkneh Tilahun Tadesse
- International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Korea
- Heidelberg Institute of Global Health, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Heiskanen A, Galipeau Y, Little J, Langlois M, Cooper CL. Reduced seasonal coronavirus incidence in high-risk population groups during the COVID-19 pandemic. Immun Inflamm Dis 2024; 12:e1342. [PMID: 39023424 PMCID: PMC11256882 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.1342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiological data on seasonal coronaviruses (sCoVs) may provide insight on transmission patterns and demographic factors that favor coronaviruses (CoVs) with greater disease severity. This study describes the incidence of CoVs in several high-risk groups in Ottawa, Canada, from October 2020 to March 2022. METHODS Serological assays quantified IgG and IgM antibodies to SARS-CoV-2, HCoV-OC43, HCoV-NL63, HCoV-HKU1, and HCoV-229E. Incident infections were compared between four population groups: individuals exposed to children, transit users, immunocompromised, and controls. Associations between antibody prevalence indicative of natural infection and demographic variables were assessed using regression analyses. RESULTS Transit users and those exposed to children were at no greater risk of infection compared to the control group. Fewer infections were detected in the immunocompromised group (p = .03). SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence was greater in individuals with low income and within ethnic minorities. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that nonpharmaceutical interventions intended to reduce SAR-CoV-2 transmission protected populations at high risk of exposure. The re-emergence of sCoVs and other common respiratory viruses alongside SARS-CoV-2 may alter infection patterns and increase the risk in vulnerable populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aliisa Heiskanen
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of OttawaOttawaOntarioCanada
| | - Yannick Galipeau
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of OttawaOttawaOntarioCanada
| | - Julian Little
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of OttawaOttawaOntarioCanada
| | - Marc‐André Langlois
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of OttawaOttawaOntarioCanada
- Centre for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation (CI3)University of OttawaOttawaOntarioCanada
| | - Curtis L. Cooper
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of OttawaOttawaOntarioCanada
- Ottawa Hospital Research InstituteOttawaOntarioCanada
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Rahmani A, Soleymani A, Almukhtar M, Behzad Moghadam K, Vaziri Z, Hosein Tabar Kashi A, Adabi Firoozjah R, Jafari Tadi M, Zolfaghari Dehkharghani M, Valadi H, Moghadamnia AA, Gasser RB, Rostami A. Exosomes, and the potential for exosome-based interventions against COVID-19. Rev Med Virol 2024; 34:e2562. [PMID: 38924213 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Since late 2019, the world has been devastated by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) induced by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), with more than 760 million people affected and ∼seven million deaths reported. Although effective treatments for COVID-19 are currently limited, there has been a strong focus on developing new therapeutic approaches to address the morbidity and mortality linked to this disease. An approach that is currently being investigated is the use of exosome-based therapies. Exosomes are small, extracellular vesicles that play a role in many clinical diseases, including viral infections, infected cells release exosomes that can transmit viral components, such as miRNAs and proteins, and can also include receptors for viruses that facilitate viral entry into recipient cells. SARS-CoV-2 has the ability to impact the formation, secretion, and release of exosomes, thereby potentially facilitating or intensifying the transmission of the virus among cells, tissues and individuals. Therefore, designing synthetic exosomes that carry immunomodulatory cargo and antiviral compounds are proposed to be a promising strategy for the treatment of COVID-19 and other viral diseases. Moreover, exosomes generated from mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) might be employed as cell-free therapeutic agents, as MSC-derived exosomes can diminish the cytokine storm and reverse the suppression of host anti-viral defences associated with COVID-19, and boost the repair of lung damage linked to mitochondrial activity. The present article discusses the significance and roles of exosomes in COVID-19, and explores potential future applications of exosomes in combating this disease. Despite the challenges posed by COVID-19, exosome-based therapies could represent a promising avenue for improving patient outcomes and reducing the impact of this disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abolfazl Rahmani
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Ali Soleymani
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | | | - Kimia Behzad Moghadam
- Independent Researcher, Former University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Zahra Vaziri
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Ali Hosein Tabar Kashi
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Reza Adabi Firoozjah
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Jafari Tadi
- Department of Cell and Molecular Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Maryam Zolfaghari Dehkharghani
- Department of Healthcare Administration and Policy, School of Public Health, University of Nevada Las Vegas (UNLV), Las Vegas, Nevada, USA
| | - Hadi Valadi
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ali Akbar Moghadamnia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Robin B Gasser
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Faculty of Science, Melbourne Veterinary School, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ali Rostami
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Lundberg AL, Wu SA, Soetikno AG, Hawkins C, Murphy RL, Havey RJ, Ozer EA, Moss CB, Welch SB, Mason M, Liu Y, Post LA. Updated Surveillance Metrics and History of the COVID-19 Pandemic (2020-2023) in Europe: Longitudinal Trend Analysis. JMIR Public Health Surveill 2024; 10:e53551. [PMID: 38568186 PMCID: PMC11226935 DOI: 10.2196/53551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In this study, we built upon our initial research published in 2020 by incorporating an additional 2 years of data for Europe. We assessed whether COVID-19 had shifted from the pandemic to endemic phase in the region when the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the end of the public health emergency of international concern on May 5, 2023. OBJECTIVE We first aimed to measure whether there was an expansion or contraction in the pandemic in Europe at the time of the WHO declaration. Second, we used dynamic and genomic surveillance methods to describe the history of the pandemic in the region and situate the window of the WHO declaration within the broader history. Third, we provided the historical context for the course of the pandemic in Europe in terms of policy and disease burden at the country and region levels. METHODS In addition to the updates of traditional surveillance data and dynamic panel estimates from the original study, this study used data on sequenced SARS-CoV-2 variants from the Global Initiative on Sharing All Influenza Data to identify the appearance and duration of variants of concern. We used Nextclade nomenclature to collect clade designations from sequences and Pangolin nomenclature for lineage designations of SARS-CoV-2. Finally, we conducted a 1-tailed t test for whether regional weekly speed was greater than an outbreak threshold of 10. We ran the test iteratively with 6 months of data across the sample period. RESULTS Speed for the region had remained below the outbreak threshold for 4 months by the time of the WHO declaration. Acceleration and jerk were also low and stable. While the 1-day and 7-day persistence coefficients remained statistically significant, the coefficients were moderate in magnitude (0.404 and 0.547, respectively; P<.001 for both). The shift parameters for the 2 weeks around the WHO declaration were small and insignificant, suggesting little change in the clustering effect of cases on future cases at the time. From December 2021 onward, Omicron was the predominant variant of concern in sequenced viral samples. The rolling t test of speed equal to 10 became insignificant for the first time in April 2023. CONCLUSIONS While COVID-19 continues to circulate in Europe, the rate of transmission remained below the threshold of an outbreak for 4 months ahead of the WHO declaration. The region had previously been in a nearly continuous state of outbreak. The more recent trend suggested that COVID-19 was endemic in the region and no longer reached the threshold of the pandemic definition. However, several countries remained in a state of outbreak, and the conclusion that COVID-19 was no longer a pandemic in Europe at the time is unclear.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander L Lundberg
- Buehler Center for Health Policy and Economics, Robert J. Havey, MD Institute for Global Health, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Scott A Wu
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Alan G Soetikno
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Claudia Hawkins
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
- Center for Global Communicable and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Robert J. Havey, MD Institute for Global Health, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Robert L Murphy
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
- Robert J. Havey, MD Institute for Global Health, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Robert J Havey
- Robert J. Havey, MD Institute for Global Health, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
- Department of Medicine, General Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Egon A Ozer
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
- Center for Pathogen Genomics and Microbial Evolution, Robert J. Havey, MD Institute for Global Health, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Charles B Moss
- Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Sarah B Welch
- Buehler Center for Health Policy and Economics, Robert J. Havey, MD Institute for Global Health, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Maryann Mason
- Buehler Center for Health Policy and Economics, Robert J. Havey, MD Institute for Global Health, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Yingxuan Liu
- Buehler Center for Health Policy and Economics, Robert J. Havey, MD Institute for Global Health, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Lori A Post
- Buehler Center for Health Policy and Economics, Robert J. Havey, MD Institute for Global Health, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ramírez JEA, Maliga A, Stewart A, Lino A, Oliva JE, Sandoval X, Zielinski-Gutierrez E, Chacon-Fuentes R, Suchdev PS, Zelaya S, Sánchez M, Recinos DL, López B, Hawes E, Liu J, Ronca SE, Gunter SM, Murray KO, Domínguez R. Seroprevalence of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG Antibodies in Healthcare Personnel in El Salvador Prior to Vaccination Campaigns. Infect Dis Rep 2024; 16:531-542. [PMID: 38920896 PMCID: PMC11203478 DOI: 10.3390/idr16030040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
COVID-19, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, is a highly pathogenic emerging infectious disease. Healthcare personnel (HCP) are presumably at higher risk of acquiring emerging infections because of occupational exposure. The prevalence of COVID-19 in HCP is unknown, particularly in low- to middle-income countries like El Salvador. The goal of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies among HCP in El Salvador just prior to vaccine rollout in March 2021. We evaluated 2176 participants from a nationally representative sample of national healthcare institutions. We found 40.4% (n = 880) of the study participants were seropositive for anti-spike protein antibodies. Significant factors associated with infection included younger age; living within the central, more populated zone of the country; living in a larger household (≥7 members); household members with COVID-19 or compatible symptoms; and those who worked in auxiliary services (i.e., housekeeping and food services). These findings provide insight into opportunities to mitigate SARS-CoV-2 risk and other emerging respiratory pathogens in HCP in El Salvador.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José Elías Aguilar Ramírez
- El Salvador National Institute of Health, San Salvador 1101, El Salvador; (J.E.A.R.); (J.E.O.); (S.Z.); (M.S.); (D.L.R.); (R.D.)
| | - Adrianna Maliga
- Division of Pediatric Tropical Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (A.M.); (A.L.); (E.H.); (J.L.); (S.E.R.); (S.M.G.)
- William T. Shearer Center for Human Immunobiology, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Allison Stewart
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Central America Office, Guatemala City 01015, Guatemala; (A.S.); (E.Z.-G.); (R.C.-F.); (P.S.S.); (B.L.)
| | - Allison Lino
- Division of Pediatric Tropical Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (A.M.); (A.L.); (E.H.); (J.L.); (S.E.R.); (S.M.G.)
- William T. Shearer Center for Human Immunobiology, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - José Eduardo Oliva
- El Salvador National Institute of Health, San Salvador 1101, El Salvador; (J.E.A.R.); (J.E.O.); (S.Z.); (M.S.); (D.L.R.); (R.D.)
| | - Xochitl Sandoval
- El Salvador National Institute of Health, San Salvador 1101, El Salvador; (J.E.A.R.); (J.E.O.); (S.Z.); (M.S.); (D.L.R.); (R.D.)
| | - Emily Zielinski-Gutierrez
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Central America Office, Guatemala City 01015, Guatemala; (A.S.); (E.Z.-G.); (R.C.-F.); (P.S.S.); (B.L.)
| | - Rafael Chacon-Fuentes
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Central America Office, Guatemala City 01015, Guatemala; (A.S.); (E.Z.-G.); (R.C.-F.); (P.S.S.); (B.L.)
| | - Parminder S. Suchdev
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Central America Office, Guatemala City 01015, Guatemala; (A.S.); (E.Z.-G.); (R.C.-F.); (P.S.S.); (B.L.)
- Department of Pediatrics and Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30033, USA
| | - Susana Zelaya
- El Salvador National Institute of Health, San Salvador 1101, El Salvador; (J.E.A.R.); (J.E.O.); (S.Z.); (M.S.); (D.L.R.); (R.D.)
| | - Mario Sánchez
- El Salvador National Institute of Health, San Salvador 1101, El Salvador; (J.E.A.R.); (J.E.O.); (S.Z.); (M.S.); (D.L.R.); (R.D.)
| | - Delmy Lisseth Recinos
- El Salvador National Institute of Health, San Salvador 1101, El Salvador; (J.E.A.R.); (J.E.O.); (S.Z.); (M.S.); (D.L.R.); (R.D.)
| | - Beatriz López
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Central America Office, Guatemala City 01015, Guatemala; (A.S.); (E.Z.-G.); (R.C.-F.); (P.S.S.); (B.L.)
| | - Ella Hawes
- Division of Pediatric Tropical Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (A.M.); (A.L.); (E.H.); (J.L.); (S.E.R.); (S.M.G.)
- William T. Shearer Center for Human Immunobiology, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Julie Liu
- Division of Pediatric Tropical Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (A.M.); (A.L.); (E.H.); (J.L.); (S.E.R.); (S.M.G.)
- William T. Shearer Center for Human Immunobiology, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Shannon E. Ronca
- Division of Pediatric Tropical Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (A.M.); (A.L.); (E.H.); (J.L.); (S.E.R.); (S.M.G.)
- William T. Shearer Center for Human Immunobiology, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Sarah M. Gunter
- Division of Pediatric Tropical Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (A.M.); (A.L.); (E.H.); (J.L.); (S.E.R.); (S.M.G.)
- William T. Shearer Center for Human Immunobiology, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Kristy O. Murray
- Division of Pediatric Tropical Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (A.M.); (A.L.); (E.H.); (J.L.); (S.E.R.); (S.M.G.)
- William T. Shearer Center for Human Immunobiology, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Pediatrics and Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30033, USA
| | - Rhina Domínguez
- El Salvador National Institute of Health, San Salvador 1101, El Salvador; (J.E.A.R.); (J.E.O.); (S.Z.); (M.S.); (D.L.R.); (R.D.)
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Charles H, Fátima CV, Lucio V, María KA, Johar C, Kevin P, Luz BV, Guido GA, Eduarda BC, Sebastian MN, Heber QJ, Matilde QY, Karla ZV, Liesbeth HF, Javier RE, Juan SR, Antonio BO. Differences in SARS-COV-2 seroprevalence in the population of Cusco, Peru. GLOBAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2024; 7:100131. [PMID: 38188037 PMCID: PMC10767270 DOI: 10.1016/j.gloepi.2023.100131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The spread of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Peru has been reported at the regional level, few studies have evaluated its spread at the provincial level, in which the mechanisms could be different. Methods We conducted an analytical, cross-sectional, multistage observational population study to assess the seroprevalence of SARS-COV-2 at the provincial and urban/rural levels in a high-altitude setting. The sampling unit was the household, including a randomly selected family member. Sampling was performed using a data collection sheet on clinical and epidemiological variables. Chemiluminescence tests were used to detect total anti-SARS-COV-2 antibodies (IgG and IgM simultaneously). The percentages were adjusted to the sampling design. Results The overall prevalence in the region of Cusco was 25.9%, with considerably different prevalence between the 13 provinces (from 15.9% in Acomayo to 40.1% in Canchis) and between rural (21.1%) and urban (31.7%) areas. In multivariable model, living in a rural area was a protective factor (adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR], 0.68; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.61-0.76). Conclusions Geographic diversity and population density determine different prevalence rates, typically lower in rural areas, possibly due to natural social distancing or limited interaction with people at risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Concha-Velasco Fátima
- Dirección de Epidemiología e Investigación - Gerencia Regional de Salud del Cusco, Cusco, Peru
- Universidad Continental, Cusco, Peru
| | - Velásquez Lucio
- Universidad Andina del Cusco, Cusco, Peru
- Unidad de Epidemiología, Hospital Nacional Adolfo Guevara Velasco, Cusco, Peru
| | - K. Antich María
- Dirección de Epidemiología e Investigación - Gerencia Regional de Salud del Cusco, Cusco, Peru
- Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Cassa Johar
- Dirección de Epidemiología e Investigación - Gerencia Regional de Salud del Cusco, Cusco, Peru
- Universidad Nacional San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Cusco, Peru
| | - Palacios Kevin
- Dirección de Epidemiología e Investigación - Gerencia Regional de Salud del Cusco, Cusco, Peru
| | | | | | | | | | - Quispe-Jihuallanca Heber
- Dirección de Inteligencia Sanitaria, Red de Servicios de Salud de Canas Canchis Espinar, Cusco, Peru
| | - Quispe-Yana Matilde
- Dirección de Inteligencia Sanitaria, Red de Servicios de La Convención, Cusco, Peru
| | - Zavala-Vargas Karla
- Dirección de Inteligencia Sanitaria – Gerencia Regional de Salud Cusco, Peru
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Schädler J, Lütgehetmann M, Schröder AS, Edler C, Püschel K, Ondruschka B, Fitzek A. Pilot study in Hamburg on the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infections and pandemic survey in the German funeral industry. Forensic Sci Med Pathol 2024; 20:500-507. [PMID: 37354275 PMCID: PMC11297150 DOI: 10.1007/s12024-023-00661-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
Funeral home and crematorium workers are an important occupational group in the corona crisis. The occupational setting led to concerns about an increased risk of infection with SARS-CoV-2. The seroprevalence in this occupational group is unclear. A questionnaire-based retrospective survey of funeral home and crematorium staff was conducted in December 2020. A second survey of funeral and crematorium staff was conducted 6 months later, in June 2021, to determine changes in pandemic management. Seroprevalence or vaccination status for SARS-CoV-2 was determined at these two time points. In December 2020, a seroprevalence of 2.3% (n = 1/44) was detected in funeral home and crematorium workers. In June 2021, one additional participant tested positive for the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid. Of the participants, 48.5% (n = 16) were vaccinated at this time. The risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection for funeral home and crematorium workers is more similar to that of the general population in Hamburg, Germany. We found no evidence of an increased risk of infection at these two time points in our cohort. Further education on communicable diseases or appropriate protective measures in this occupational group for other infectious diseases would be useful in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Schädler
- Institute of Legal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marc Lütgehetmann
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Virology, and Hygiene, University Medical Center, Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ann Sophie Schröder
- Institute of Legal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Carolin Edler
- Institute of Legal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Klaus Püschel
- Institute of Legal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Benjamin Ondruschka
- Institute of Legal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Antonia Fitzek
- Institute of Legal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Patil RA, Das NK, Gandham NR, Vyawahare C, Ajagunde J, Khan S, Ratnakar PJ, Ingle Y. Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 IgG in blood donors in a teaching institute from Western part of Maharashtra. J Family Med Prim Care 2024; 13:1701-1707. [PMID: 38948624 PMCID: PMC11213452 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_780_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction COVID-19 is a disease caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 that has appeared as a global pandemic in recent times. Currently, the transmission rate has slowed down significantly, but the definite pathological reason behind this is still unknown. Therefore, the prevalence of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) antibody must be studied to establish the relation between the rate of transmission and antibody presence. Materials and Methods A clinical assessment was performed to evaluate the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 Immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies among 299 healthy volunteers in the period of February to May 2021. Serum samples were analyzed using chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay (CMIA) technology to detect the presence of IgG antibodies. Result It was observed that 21% of the participants were seropositive, and 78% of the population was seronegative across the different genders. This confirmed that the generation of antibodies is independent of gender. Simultaneously, a t-test was performed that further suggested no statistical correlation between gender and seroprevalence. Moreover, a comprehensive analysis was performed to establish the relation between age and blood group with the seroprevalence. However, there was no statistical relationship found among these parameters. Conclusion This study assisted in examining the underlying causes of high or low seroprevalence among healthy volunteers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rajashri A. Patil
- Department of Microbiology, Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pimpri, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Nikunja K. Das
- Department of Microbiology, Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pimpri, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Nageswari R. Gandham
- Department of Microbiology, Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pimpri, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Chanda Vyawahare
- Department of Microbiology, Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pimpri, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Jyoti Ajagunde
- Department of Microbiology, Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pimpri, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sameena Khan
- Department of Microbiology, Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pimpri, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Parag J. Ratnakar
- HoD, Central Clinical Laboratory, Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pimpri, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Yamini Ingle
- Department of Pathology, Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pimpri, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Shahriarirad S, Asmarian N, Shahriarirad R, Moghadami M, Askarian M, Hashemizadeh Fard Haghighi L, Javadi P, Sabetian G. High Post-Infection Protection after COVID-19 among Healthcare Workers: A Population-Level Observational Study. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2024; 49:247-258. [PMID: 38680224 PMCID: PMC11053253 DOI: 10.30476/ijms.2023.97708.2951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Background Even though a few years have passed since the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak, information regarding certain aspects of the disease, such as post-infection immunity, is still quite limited. This study aimed to evaluate post-infection protection and COVID-19 features among healthcare workers (HCWs), during three successive surges, as well as the rate of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) reinfection, reactivation, re-positivity, and severity. Methods This cross-sectional population-level observational study was conducted from 20 April 2020 to 18 February 2021. The study population included all HCWs in public or private hospitals in Fars Province, Southern Iran. The infection rate was computed as the number of individuals with positive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests divided by the total number of person-days at risk. The re-infection was evaluated after 90 days. Results A total of 30,546 PCR tests were performed among HCWs, of which 13,749 (61.94% of total HCWs) were positive. Considering the applied 90-day threshold, there were 44 (31.2%) cases of reactivation and relapse, and 97 (68.8% of infected and 1.81% of total HCWs) cases of reinfection among 141 (2.64%) diagnosed cases who experienced a second episode of COVID-19. There was no significant difference in symptoms (P=0.65) or the necessity for ICU admission (P=0.25). The estimated protection against repeated infection after a previous SARS-CoV-2 infection was 94.8% (95% CI=93.6-95.7). Conclusion SARS-CoV-2 re-positivity, relapse, and reinfection were rare in the HCW population. After the first episode of infection, an estimated 94.8% protection against recurring infections was achieved. A preprint version of this manuscript is available at DOI:10.21203/rs.3.rs-772662/v1 (https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-772662/v1).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sepehr Shahriarirad
- Thoracic and Vascular Surgery Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Naeimehossadat Asmarian
- Anesthesiology and Critical Care Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Reza Shahriarirad
- Thoracic and Vascular Surgery Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohsen Moghadami
- Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Askarian
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Parisa Javadi
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Golnar Sabetian
- Trauma Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Stutz C, Alcantara DMC, dos Santos CM, Torres JM, Rodrigues R, Marcon GEB, Ferreira EDC, Sarti ECFB, de Oliveira TF, Mendes FML, Lemos EF, Demarchi LHF, Lichs GGDC, Zardin MCSU, Gonçalves CCM, Guilhermino JDF, Perdomo RT, Fernandez ZDC. Seroprevalence of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in the school community in Campo Grande, state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, October 2021-November 2022. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1354786. [PMID: 38596680 PMCID: PMC11002276 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1354786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction With the reopening of schools during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, it was imperative to understand the role of students and education professionals in the spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). In this paper, we determined the seroprevalence of the SARS-CoV-2 anti-nucleocapsid antibodies in the school community in Campo Grande, the capital and most populous city of the state of Mato Grosso do Sul (Brazil) and evaluated its association with sex, school level, and school type. Materials and methods The survey was carried out in 20 public and private schools in the urban region of Campo Grande using the TR DPP® COVID-19 immunoglobulin M/immunoglobulin G (IgM/IgG) kit from the Immunobiological Technology Institute (Bio-Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil). Testing was carried out in three periods: from October to December 2021; from March to July 2022; and from August to November 2022. The participants were students aged 6-17 years enrolled in primary or secondary schools and professionals of different ages and roles. Results During the first testing period, 162 participants were seropositive for the IgM and/or IgG anti-nucleocapsid SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, with an estimated seroprevalence of 19.6% using Bayesian multilevel regression. In the second period, 251 participants were seropositive (estimated seroprevalence, 34.6%), while in the third period, 393 participants were seroconverted (estimated seroprevalence, 56.7%). In 2022, there was an increase in the seroconversion rate compared to that in 2021. The most frequently described acute manifestations in the three periods were fever, headache, sore throat, and runny nose. In terms of the demographic profile, there was no predominance of seropositivity between the sexes, although women represented approximately 70% of the study population. There were also no differences between students and school staff. Discussion The results made it possible to evaluate the extent of SARS-CoV-2 transmission in the school community through immunity developed against the virus, in addition to providing information about COVID-19 symptoms in children, adolescents, and adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Stutz
- Fiocruz Ceará, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Eusébio, Ceará, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Alimentos e Nutrição (FACFAN), Fundação Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - Camila Maria dos Santos
- Fiocruz Mato Grosso do Sul, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Jaire Marinho Torres
- Fiocruz Mato Grosso do Sul, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Rudielle Rodrigues
- Fiocruz Mato Grosso do Sul, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - Eduardo de Castro Ferreira
- Fiocruz Mato Grosso do Sul, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Faculdade de Medicina (FAMED), Fundação Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | | | | | - Flavia Maria Lins Mendes
- Fiocruz Mato Grosso do Sul, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Everton Ferreira Lemos
- Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul (UEMS), Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Luiz Henrique Ferraz Demarchi
- Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública do Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul (LACEN-MS), Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Gislene Garcia de Castro Lichs
- Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública do Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul (LACEN-MS), Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - Crhistinne Cavalheiro Maymone Gonçalves
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Faculdade de Medicina (FAMED), Fundação Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
- Secretaria de Estado de Saúde de Mato Grosso do Sul, Secretaria Adjunta de Estado, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - Renata Trentin Perdomo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Alimentos e Nutrição (FACFAN), Fundação Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Cultura Celular da Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Alimentos e Nutrição (FACFAN), Fundação Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Farkas K, Kevill JL, Adwan L, Garcia-Delgado A, Dzay R, Grimsley JMS, Lambert-Slosarska K, Wade MJ, Williams RC, Martin J, Drakesmith M, Song J, McClure V, Jones DL. Near-source passive sampling for monitoring viral outbreaks within a university residential setting. Epidemiol Infect 2024; 152:e31. [PMID: 38329110 PMCID: PMC10894896 DOI: 10.1017/s0950268824000190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) has proven to be a powerful tool for the population-level monitoring of pathogens, particularly severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). For assessment, several wastewater sampling regimes and methods of viral concentration have been investigated, mainly targeting SARS-CoV-2. However, the use of passive samplers in near-source environments for a range of viruses in wastewater is still under-investigated. To address this, near-source passive samples were taken at four locations targeting student hall of residence. These were chosen as an exemplar due to their high population density and perceived risk of disease transmission. Viruses investigated were SARS-CoV-2 and its variants of concern (VOCs), influenza viruses, and enteroviruses. Sampling was conducted either in the morning, where passive samplers were in place overnight (17 h) and during the day, with exposure of 7 h. We demonstrated the usefulness of near-source passive sampling for the detection of VOCs using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and next-generation sequencing (NGS). Furthermore, several outbreaks of influenza A and sporadic outbreaks of enteroviruses (some associated with enterovirus D68 and coxsackieviruses) were identified among the resident student population, providing evidence of the usefulness of near-source, in-sewer sampling for monitoring the health of high population density communities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kata Farkas
- School of Environmental and Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, UK
| | - Jessica L. Kevill
- School of Environmental and Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, UK
| | - Latifah Adwan
- School of Environmental and Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, UK
| | | | - Rande Dzay
- School of Environmental and Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, UK
| | - Jasmine M. S. Grimsley
- Data Analytics & Surveillance Group, UK Health Security Agency, London, UK
- The London Data Company, London, UK
| | | | - Matthew J. Wade
- Data Analytics & Surveillance Group, UK Health Security Agency, London, UK
- School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| | - Rachel C. Williams
- School of Environmental and Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, UK
| | - Javier Martin
- Division of Vaccines, Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Mark Drakesmith
- Communicable Disease Surveillance Centre, Public Health Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | - Jiao Song
- Communicable Disease Surveillance Centre, Public Health Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | - Victoria McClure
- Communicable Disease Surveillance Centre, Public Health Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | - Davey L. Jones
- School of Environmental and Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, UK
- Food Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Minnai F, Biscarini F, Esposito M, Dragani TA, Bujanda L, Rahmouni S, Alarcón-Riquelme ME, Bernardo D, Carnero-Montoro E, Buti M, Zeberg H, Asselta R, Romero-Gómez M, Fernandez-Cadenas I, Fallerini C, Zguro K, Croci S, Baldassarri M, Bruttini M, Furini S, Renieri A, Colombo F. A genome-wide association study for survival from a multi-centre European study identified variants associated with COVID-19 risk of death. Sci Rep 2024; 14:3000. [PMID: 38321133 PMCID: PMC10847137 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53310-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
The clinical manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 infection vary widely among patients, from asymptomatic to life-threatening. Host genetics is one of the factors that contributes to this variability as previously reported by the COVID-19 Host Genetics Initiative (HGI), which identified sixteen loci associated with COVID-19 severity. Herein, we investigated the genetic determinants of COVID-19 mortality, by performing a case-only genome-wide survival analysis, 60 days after infection, of 3904 COVID-19 patients from the GEN-COVID and other European series (EGAS00001005304 study of the COVID-19 HGI). Using imputed genotype data, we carried out a survival analysis using the Cox model adjusted for age, age2, sex, series, time of infection, and the first ten principal components. We observed a genome-wide significant (P-value < 5.0 × 10-8) association of the rs117011822 variant, on chromosome 11, of rs7208524 on chromosome 17, approaching the genome-wide threshold (P-value = 5.19 × 10-8). A total of 113 variants were associated with survival at P-value < 1.0 × 10-5 and most of them regulated the expression of genes involved in immune response (e.g., CD300 and KLR genes), or in lung repair and function (e.g., FGF19 and CDH13). Overall, our results suggest that germline variants may modulate COVID-19 risk of death, possibly through the regulation of gene expression in immune response and lung function pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Minnai
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council, Via F.lli Cervi, 93, 20054, Segrate, MI, Italy
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine (BioMeTra), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Filippo Biscarini
- Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology, National Research Council, Milan, Italy
| | - Martina Esposito
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council, Via F.lli Cervi, 93, 20054, Segrate, MI, Italy
| | | | - Luis Bujanda
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), San Sebastián, Spain
| | | | - Marta E Alarcón-Riquelme
- GENYO, University of Granada, Andalusian Regional Government, Granada, Spain
- Institute for Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Solna, Sweden
| | - David Bernardo
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Mucosal Immunology Lab, Unit of Excellence, Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Genetics (IBGM), University of Valladolid-CSIC, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Elena Carnero-Montoro
- GENYO, University of Granada, Andalusian Regional Government, Granada, Spain
- University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Maria Buti
- Vall D'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Hugo Zeberg
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rosanna Asselta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, MI, Italy
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, MI, Italy
| | - Manuel Romero-Gómez
- Digestive Diseases Unit and CiberehdVirgen del Rocío University HospitalInstitute of Biomedicine of Seville (HUVR/CSIC/US), University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Israel Fernandez-Cadenas
- Stroke Pharmacogenomics and Genetics Group, Sant Pau Hospital Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Chiara Fallerini
- Medical Genetics, University of Siena, 53100, Siena, Italy
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, Med Biotech Hub and Competence Center, University of Siena, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Kristina Zguro
- Medical Genetics, University of Siena, 53100, Siena, Italy
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, Med Biotech Hub and Competence Center, University of Siena, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Susanna Croci
- Medical Genetics, University of Siena, 53100, Siena, Italy
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, Med Biotech Hub and Competence Center, University of Siena, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Margherita Baldassarri
- Medical Genetics, University of Siena, 53100, Siena, Italy
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, Med Biotech Hub and Competence Center, University of Siena, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Mirella Bruttini
- Medical Genetics, University of Siena, 53100, Siena, Italy
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, Med Biotech Hub and Competence Center, University of Siena, 53100, Siena, Italy
- Genetica Medica, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Senese, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Simone Furini
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Energia Elettrica e dell'Informazione "Guglielmo Marconi", Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandra Renieri
- Medical Genetics, University of Siena, 53100, Siena, Italy
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, Med Biotech Hub and Competence Center, University of Siena, 53100, Siena, Italy
- Genetica Medica, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Senese, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Francesca Colombo
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council, Via F.lli Cervi, 93, 20054, Segrate, MI, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Seabra SG, Merca F, Pereira B, Fonseca I, Carvalho AC, Brito V, Alves D, Libin P, Martins MRO, Miranda MNS, Pingarilho M, Pimentel V, Abecasis AB. Serological screening in a large-scale municipal survey in Cascais, Portugal, during the first waves of the COVID-19 pandemic: lessons for future pandemic preparedness efforts. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1326125. [PMID: 38371240 PMCID: PMC10869482 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1326125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Serological surveys for SARS-CoV-2 were used early in the COVID-19 pandemic to assess epidemiological scenarios. In the municipality of Cascais (Portugal), serological testing combined with a comprehensive socio-demographic, clinical and behavioral questionnaire was offered to residents between May 2020 and beginning of 2021. In this study, we analyze the factors associated with adherence to this municipal initiative, as well as the sociodemographic profile and chronic diseases clinical correlates associated to seropositivity. We aim to contribute with relevant information for future pandemic preparedness efforts. Methods This was a cross-sectional study with non-probabilistic sampling. Citizens residing in Cascais Municipality went voluntarily to blood collection centers to participate in the serological survey. The proportion of participants, stratified by socio-demographic variables, was compared to the census proportions to identify the groups with lower levels of adherence to the survey. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were used to identify socio-demographic, clinical and behavioral factors associated with seropositivity. Results From May 2020 to February 2021, 19,608 participants (9.2% of the residents of Cascais) were included in the study. Based on the comparison to census data, groups with lower adherence to this survey were men, the youngest and the oldest age groups, individuals with lower levels of education and unemployed/inactive. Significant predictors of a reactive (positive) serological test were younger age, being employed or a student, and living in larger households. Individuals with chronic diseases generally showed lower seroprevalence. Conclusion The groups with low adherence to this voluntary study, as well as the socio-economic contexts identified as more at risk of viral transmission, may be targeted in future pandemic situations. We also found that the individuals with chronic diseases, perceiving higher risk of serious illness, adopted protective behaviors that limited infection rates, revealing that health education on preventive measures was effective for these patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sofia G. Seabra
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine, GHTM, Associate Laboratory in Translation and Innovation Towards Global Health, LA-REAL, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, IHMT, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, UNL, Rua da Junqueira 100, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Francisco Merca
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine, GHTM, Associate Laboratory in Translation and Innovation Towards Global Health, LA-REAL, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, IHMT, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, UNL, Rua da Junqueira 100, Lisbon, Portugal
- Artificial Intelligence Research Lab, Vrije Universiteit Brussels (VUB), Pleinlaan 2, Brussel, Belgium
| | - Bernardo Pereira
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine, GHTM, Associate Laboratory in Translation and Innovation Towards Global Health, LA-REAL, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, IHMT, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, UNL, Rua da Junqueira 100, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ivo Fonseca
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine, GHTM, Associate Laboratory in Translation and Innovation Towards Global Health, LA-REAL, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, IHMT, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, UNL, Rua da Junqueira 100, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - Vera Brito
- Câmara Municipal de Cascais, Cascais, Portugal
| | - Daniela Alves
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine, GHTM, Associate Laboratory in Translation and Innovation Towards Global Health, LA-REAL, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, IHMT, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, UNL, Rua da Junqueira 100, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Pieter Libin
- Artificial Intelligence Research Lab, Vrije Universiteit Brussels (VUB), Pleinlaan 2, Brussel, Belgium
- Interuniversity Institute of Biostatistics and Statistical Bioinformatics, Data Science Institute, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - M. Rosário O. Martins
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine, GHTM, Associate Laboratory in Translation and Innovation Towards Global Health, LA-REAL, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, IHMT, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, UNL, Rua da Junqueira 100, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Mafalda N. S. Miranda
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine, GHTM, Associate Laboratory in Translation and Innovation Towards Global Health, LA-REAL, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, IHMT, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, UNL, Rua da Junqueira 100, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Marta Pingarilho
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine, GHTM, Associate Laboratory in Translation and Innovation Towards Global Health, LA-REAL, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, IHMT, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, UNL, Rua da Junqueira 100, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Victor Pimentel
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine, GHTM, Associate Laboratory in Translation and Innovation Towards Global Health, LA-REAL, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, IHMT, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, UNL, Rua da Junqueira 100, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana B. Abecasis
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine, GHTM, Associate Laboratory in Translation and Innovation Towards Global Health, LA-REAL, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, IHMT, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, UNL, Rua da Junqueira 100, Lisbon, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Ellis S, Way R, Nel M, Burleigh A, Doykov I, Kembou-Ringert J, Woodall M, Masonou T, Case KM, Ortez AT, McHugh TD, Casal A, McCoy LE, Murdan S, Hynds RE, Gilmour KC, Grandjean L, Cortina-Borja M, Heywood WE, Mills K, Smith CM. Salivary IgA and vimentin differentiate in vitro SARS-CoV-2 infection: A study of 290 convalescent COVID-19 patients. Mucosal Immunol 2024; 17:124-136. [PMID: 38007005 PMCID: PMC11139657 DOI: 10.1016/j.mucimm.2023.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 initially infects cells in the nasopharynx and oral cavity. The immune system at these mucosal sites plays a crucial role in minimizing viral transmission and infection. To develop new strategies for preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection, this study aimed to identify proteins that protect against viral infection in saliva. We collected 551 saliva samples from 290 healthcare workers who had tested positive for COVID-19, before vaccination, between June and December 2020. The samples were categorized based on their ability to block or enhance infection using in vitro assays. Mass spectrometry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay experiments were used to identify and measure the abundance of proteins that specifically bind to SARS-CoV-2 antigens. Immunoglobulin (Ig)A specific to SARS-CoV-2 antigens was detectable in over 83% of the convalescent saliva samples. We found that concentrations of anti-receptor-binding domain IgA >500 pg/µg total protein in saliva correlate with reduced viral infectivity in vitro. However, there is a dissociation between the salivary IgA response to SARS-CoV-2, and systemic IgG titers in convalescent COVID-19 patients. Then, using an innovative technique known as spike-baited mass spectrometry, we identified novel spike-binding proteins in saliva, most notably vimentin, which correlated with increased viral infectivity in vitro and could serve as a therapeutic target against COVID-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Ellis
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Rosie Way
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Miranda Nel
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Alice Burleigh
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK; Centre for Adolescent Rheumatology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Ivan Doykov
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | | | | | - Tereza Masonou
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | | | | | - Timothy D McHugh
- UCL Centre for Clinical Microbiology, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
| | - Antonio Casal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, UCL School of Pharmacy, London, UK
| | - Laura E McCoy
- Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Robert E Hynds
- Epithelial Cell Biology in ENT Research (EpiCENTR) Group, Developmental Biology and Cancer Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Kimberly C Gilmour
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK; Great Ormond Street Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Louis Grandjean
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK; Great Ormond Street Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | | | - Wendy E Heywood
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Kevin Mills
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Claire M Smith
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Giardiello D, Melotti R, Barbieri G, Gögele M, Weichenberger CX, Foco L, Bottigliengo D, Barin L, Lundin R, Pramstaller PP, Pattaro C. Determinants of SARS-CoV-2 nasopharyngeal testing in a rural community sample susceptible of first infection: the CHRIS COVID-19 study. Pathog Glob Health 2023; 117:744-753. [PMID: 36992656 PMCID: PMC10614704 DOI: 10.1080/20477724.2023.2191232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
To characterize COVID-19 epidemiology, numerous population-based studies have been undertaken to model the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Less is known about what may drive the probability to undergo testing. Understanding how much testing is driven by contextual or individual conditions is important to delineate the role of individual behavior and to shape public health interventions and resource allocation. In the Val Venosta/Vinschgau district (South Tyrol, Italy), we conducted a population-representative longitudinal study on 697 individuals susceptible to first infection who completed 4,512 repeated online questionnaires at four-week intervals between September 2020 and May 2021. Mixed-effects logistic regression models were fitted to investigate associations of self-reported SARS-CoV-2 testing with individual characteristics (social, demographic, and biological) and contextual determinants. Testing was associated with month of reporting, reflecting the timing of both the pandemic intensity and public health interventions, COVID-19-related symptoms (odds ratio, OR:8.26; 95% confidence interval, CI:6.04-11.31), contacts with infected individuals within home (OR:7.47, 95%CI:3.81-14.62) or outside home (OR:9.87, 95%CI:5.78-16.85), and being retired (OR:0.50, 95%CI:0.34-0.73). Symptoms and next within- and outside-home contacts were the leading determinants of swab testing predisposition in the most acute phase of the pandemics. Testing was not associated with age, sex, education, comorbidities, or lifestyle factors. In the study area, contextual determinants reflecting the course of the pandemic were predominant compared to individual sociodemographic characteristics in explaining the SARS-CoV-2 probability of testing. Decision makers should evaluate whether the intended target groups were correctly prioritized by the testing campaign.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Giardiello
- Eurac Research, Institute for Biomedicine (affiliated to the University of Lübeck), Bolzano, Italy
| | - Roberto Melotti
- Eurac Research, Institute for Biomedicine (affiliated to the University of Lübeck), Bolzano, Italy
| | - Giulia Barbieri
- Eurac Research, Institute for Biomedicine (affiliated to the University of Lübeck), Bolzano, Italy
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Martin Gögele
- Eurac Research, Institute for Biomedicine (affiliated to the University of Lübeck), Bolzano, Italy
| | | | - Luisa Foco
- Eurac Research, Institute for Biomedicine (affiliated to the University of Lübeck), Bolzano, Italy
| | - Daniele Bottigliengo
- Eurac Research, Institute for Biomedicine (affiliated to the University of Lübeck), Bolzano, Italy
| | - Laura Barin
- Eurac Research, Institute for Biomedicine (affiliated to the University of Lübeck), Bolzano, Italy
| | - Rebecca Lundin
- Eurac Research, Institute for Biomedicine (affiliated to the University of Lübeck), Bolzano, Italy
| | - Peter P. Pramstaller
- Eurac Research, Institute for Biomedicine (affiliated to the University of Lübeck), Bolzano, Italy
- Department of Neurology, General Central Hospital, Bolzano, Italy
- Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Cristian Pattaro
- Eurac Research, Institute for Biomedicine (affiliated to the University of Lübeck), Bolzano, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Masood KI, Qaiser S, Abidi SH, Khan E, Mahmood SF, Hussain A, Ghous Z, Imtiaz K, Ali N, Hasan M, Memon HA, Yameen M, Ali S, Baloch S, Lakhani G, Alves PM, Iqbal NT, Ahmed K, Iqbal J, Bhutta ZA, Hussain R, Rottenberg M, Simas JP, Veldhoen M, Ghias K, Hasan Z. Humoral and T cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 reveal insights into immunity during the early pandemic period in Pakistan. BMC Infect Dis 2023; 23:846. [PMID: 38041026 PMCID: PMC10691108 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-023-08829-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Protection against SARS-CoV-2 is mediated by humoral and T cell responses. Pakistan faced relatively low morbidity and mortality from COVID-19 through the pandemic. To examine the role of prior immunity in the population, we studied IgG antibody response levels, virus neutralizing activity and T cell reactivity to Spike protein in a healthy control group (HG) as compared with COVID-19 cases and individuals from the pre-pandemic period (PP). METHODS HG and COVID-19 participants were recruited between October 2020 and May 2021. Pre-pandemic sera was collected before 2018. IgG antibodies against Spike and its Receptor Binding Domain (RBD) were determined by ELISA. Virus neutralization activity was determined using a PCR-based micro-neutralization assay. T cell - IFN-γ activation was assessed by ELISpot. RESULTS Overall, the magnitude of anti-Spike IgG antibody levels as well as seropositivity was greatest in COVID-19 cases (90%) as compared with HG (39.8%) and PP (12.2%). During the study period, Pakistan experienced three COVID-19 waves. We observed that IgG seropositivity to Spike in HG increased from 10.3 to 83.5% during the study, whilst seropositivity to RBD increased from 7.5 to 33.3%. IgG antibodies to Spike and RBD were correlated positively in all three study groups. Virus neutralizing activity was identified in sera of COVID-19, HG and PP. Spike reactive T cells were present in COVID-19, HG and PP groups. Individuals with reactive T cells included those with and without IgG antibodies to Spike. CONCLUSIONS Antibody and T cell responses to Spike protein in individuals from the pre-pandemic period suggest prior immunity against SARS-CoV-2, most likely from cross-reactive responses. The rising seroprevalence observed in healthy individuals through the pandemic without known COVID-19 may be due to the activation of adaptive immunity from cross-reactive memory B and T cells. This may explain the more favourable COVID-19 outcomes observed in this population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Iqbal Masood
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Aga Khan University, Stadium Road, P.O.Box 3500, Karachi, 74800, Pakistan
| | - Shama Qaiser
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Aga Khan University, Stadium Road, P.O.Box 3500, Karachi, 74800, Pakistan
| | - Syed Hani Abidi
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Erum Khan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Aga Khan University, Stadium Road, P.O.Box 3500, Karachi, 74800, Pakistan
| | | | - Areeba Hussain
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Aga Khan University, Stadium Road, P.O.Box 3500, Karachi, 74800, Pakistan
| | - Zara Ghous
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Aga Khan University, Stadium Road, P.O.Box 3500, Karachi, 74800, Pakistan
| | - Khekahsan Imtiaz
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Aga Khan University, Stadium Road, P.O.Box 3500, Karachi, 74800, Pakistan
| | - Natasha Ali
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Aga Khan University, Stadium Road, P.O.Box 3500, Karachi, 74800, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Hasan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Aga Khan University, Stadium Road, P.O.Box 3500, Karachi, 74800, Pakistan
| | - Haris Ali Memon
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Aga Khan University, Stadium Road, P.O.Box 3500, Karachi, 74800, Pakistan
| | - Maliha Yameen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Aga Khan University, Stadium Road, P.O.Box 3500, Karachi, 74800, Pakistan
| | - Shiza Ali
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Aga Khan University, Stadium Road, P.O.Box 3500, Karachi, 74800, Pakistan
| | - Sadaf Baloch
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Aga Khan University, Stadium Road, P.O.Box 3500, Karachi, 74800, Pakistan
| | - Gulzar Lakhani
- Department of Medicine, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Paula M Alves
- iBET - Instituto de Biologia Experimental E Tecnológica, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Najeeha Talat Iqbal
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
- Department of Pediatrics, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Kumail Ahmed
- Department of Pediatrics, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Junaid Iqbal
- Department of Pediatrics, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Zulfiqar A Bhutta
- Center of Excellence in Women and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
- Centre for Global Child Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Rabia Hussain
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Aga Khan University, Stadium Road, P.O.Box 3500, Karachi, 74800, Pakistan
| | - Martin Rottenberg
- Department of Microbiology and Tumor Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - J Pedro Simas
- Católica Biomedical Research, Católica Medical School, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Palma de Cima, 1649-023, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Marc Veldhoen
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular | João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Kulsoom Ghias
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Zahra Hasan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Aga Khan University, Stadium Road, P.O.Box 3500, Karachi, 74800, Pakistan.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Sidorenkov G, Vonk JM, Grzegorczyk M, Cortés-Ibañez FO, de Bock GH. Factors associated with SARS-COV-2 positive test in Lifelines. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0294556. [PMID: 38019869 PMCID: PMC10686451 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0294556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-COV-2) can affect anyone, however, it is often mixed with other respiratory diseases. This study aimed to identify the factors associated with SARS-COV-2 positive test. METHODS Participants from the Northern Netherlands representative of the general population were included if filled in the questionnaire about well-being between June 2020-April 2021 and were tested for SARS-COV-2. The outcome was a self-reported test as measured by polymerase chain reaction. The data were collected on age, sex, household, smoking, alcohol use, physical activity, quality of life, fatigue, symptoms and medications use. Participants were matched on sex, age and the timing of their SARS-COV-2 tests maintaining a 1:4 ratio and classified into those with a positive and negative SARS-COV-2 using logistic regression. The performance of the model was compared with other machine-learning algorithms by the area under the receiving operating curve. RESULTS 2564 (20%) of 12786 participants had a positive SARS-COV-2 test. The factors associated with a higher risk of SARS-COV-2 positive test in multivariate logistic regression were: contact with someone tested positive for SARS-COV-2, ≥1 household members, typical SARS-COV-2 symptoms, male gender and fatigue. The factors associated with a lower risk of SARS-COV-2 positive test were higher quality of life, inhaler use, runny nose, lower back pain, diarrhea, pain when breathing, sore throat, pain in neck, shoulder or arm, numbness or tingling, and stomach pain. The performance of the logistic models was comparable with that of random forest, support vector machine and gradient boosting machine. CONCLUSIONS Having a contact with someone tested positive for SARS-COV-2 and living in a household with someone else are the most important factors related to a positive SARS-COV-2 test. The loss of smell or taste is the most prominent symptom associated with a positive test. Symptoms like runny nose, pain when breathing, sore throat are more likely to be indicative of other conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Grigory Sidorenkov
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Judith M. Vonk
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marco Grzegorczyk
- Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, University of Groningen—Bernoulli Institute for Mathematics, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Francisco O. Cortés-Ibañez
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Geertruida H. de Bock
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Vaughan A, Duffell E, Freidl GS, Lemos DS, Nardone A, Valenciano M, Subissi L, Bergeri I, K Broberg E, Penttinen P, Pebody R, Keramarou M. Systematic review of seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and appraisal of evidence, prior to the widespread introduction of vaccine programmes in the WHO European Region, January-December 2020. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e064240. [PMID: 37931969 PMCID: PMC10632881 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-064240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Systematic review of SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence studies undertaken in the WHO European Region to measure pre-existing and cumulative seropositivity prior to the roll out of vaccination programmes. DESIGN A systematic review of the literature. DATA SOURCES We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE and the preprint servers MedRxiv and BioRxiv in the WHO 'COVID-19 Global literature on coronavirus disease' database using a predefined search strategy. Articles were supplemented with unpublished WHO-supported Unity-aligned seroprevalence studies and other studies reported directly to WHO Regional Office for Europe and European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA Studies published before the widespread implementation of COVID-19 vaccination programmes in January 2021 among the general population and blood donors, at national and regional levels. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS At least two independent researchers extracted the eligible studies; a third researcher resolved any disagreements. Study risk of bias was assessed using a quality scoring system based on sample size, sampling and testing methodologies. RESULTS In total, 111 studies from 26 countries published or conducted between 1 January 2020 and 31 December 2020 across the WHO European Region were included. A significant heterogeneity in implementation was noted across the studies, with a paucity of studies from the east of the Region. Sixty-four (58%) studies were assessed to be of medium to high risk of bias. Overall, SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity prior to widespread community circulation was very low. National seroprevalence estimates after circulation started ranged from 0% to 51.3% (median 2.2% (IQR 0.7-5.2%); n=124), while subnational estimates ranged from 0% to 52% (median 5.8% (IQR 2.3%-12%); n=101), with the highest estimates in areas following widespread local transmission. CONCLUSIONS The low levels of SARS-CoV-2 antibody in most populations prior to the start of vaccine programmes underlines the critical importance of targeted vaccination of priority groups at risk of severe disease, while maintaining reduced levels of transmission to minimise population morbidity and mortality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aisling Vaughan
- World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Erika Duffell
- European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, Solna, Sweden
| | - Gudrun S Freidl
- World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Diogo Simão Lemos
- World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | | | | | - Eeva K Broberg
- European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, Solna, Sweden
| | - Pasi Penttinen
- European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, Solna, Sweden
| | - Richard Pebody
- World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maria Keramarou
- European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, Solna, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Totolian AA, Smirnov VS, Krasnov AA, Ramsay ES, Dedkov VG, Popova AY. COVID-19 Incidence Proportion as a Function of Regional Testing Strategy, Vaccination Coverage, and Vaccine Type. Viruses 2023; 15:2181. [PMID: 38005859 PMCID: PMC10675075 DOI: 10.3390/v15112181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has become a serious challenge for humanity almost everywhere globally. Despite active vaccination around the world, the incidence proportion in different countries varies significantly as of May 2022. The reason may be a combination of demographic, immunological, and epidemiological factors. The purpose of this study was to analyze possible relationships between COVID-19 incidence proportion in the population and the types of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines used in different countries globally, taking into account demographic and epidemiological factors. Materials and methods: An initial database was created of demographic and immunoepidemiological information about the COVID-19 situation in 104 countries collected from published official sources and repository data. The baseline included, for each country, population size and density; SARS-CoV-2 testing coverage; vaccination coverage; incidence proportion; and a list of vaccines that were used, including their relative share among all vaccinations. Subsequently, the initial data set was stratified by population and vaccination coverage. The final data set was subjected to statistical processing both in general and taking into account population testing coverage. Results: After formation of the final data set (including 53 countries), it turned out that reported COVID-19 case numbers correlated most strongly with testing coverage and the proportions of vaccine types used, specifically, mRNA (V1); vector (V2); peptide/protein (V3); and whole-virion/inactivated (V4). Due to the fact that an inverse correlation was found between 'reported COVID-19 case numbers' with V2, V3, and V4, these three vaccine types were also combined into one analytic group, 'non-mRNA group' vaccines (Vnmg). When the relationship between vaccine type and incidence proportion was examined, minimum incidence proportion was noted at V1:Vnmg ratios (%:%) from 0:100 to 30:70. Maximum incidence proportion was seen with V1:Vnmg from 80:20 to 100:0. On the other hand, we have shown that the number of reported COVID-19 cases in different countries largely depends on testing coverage. To offset this factor, countries with low and extremely high levels of testing were excluded from the data set; it was then confirmed that the largest number of reported COVID-19 cases occurred in countries with a dominance of V1 vaccines. The fewest reported cases were seen in countries with a dominance of Vnmg vaccines. Conclusion: In this paper, we have shown for the first time that the level of reported COVID-19 incidence proportion depends not only on SARS-CoV-2 testing and vaccination coverage, which is quite logical, but probably also on the vaccine types used. With the same vaccination level and testing coverage, those countries that predominantly use vector and whole-virion vaccines feature incidence proportion that is significantly lower than countries that predominantly use mRNA vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Areg A. Totolian
- Saint Petersburg Pasteur Institute, 197101 St. Petersburg, Russia; (A.A.T.); (V.S.S.); (A.A.K.); (E.S.R.)
| | - Viacheslav S. Smirnov
- Saint Petersburg Pasteur Institute, 197101 St. Petersburg, Russia; (A.A.T.); (V.S.S.); (A.A.K.); (E.S.R.)
| | - Alexei A. Krasnov
- Saint Petersburg Pasteur Institute, 197101 St. Petersburg, Russia; (A.A.T.); (V.S.S.); (A.A.K.); (E.S.R.)
| | - Edward S. Ramsay
- Saint Petersburg Pasteur Institute, 197101 St. Petersburg, Russia; (A.A.T.); (V.S.S.); (A.A.K.); (E.S.R.)
| | - Vladimir G. Dedkov
- Saint Petersburg Pasteur Institute, 197101 St. Petersburg, Russia; (A.A.T.); (V.S.S.); (A.A.K.); (E.S.R.)
| | - Anna Y. Popova
- Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Welfare, 127994 Moscow, Russia;
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Tomov L, Chervenkov L, Miteva DG, Batselova H, Velikova T. Applications of time series analysis in epidemiology: Literature review and our experience during COVID-19 pandemic. World J Clin Cases 2023; 11:6974-6983. [PMID: 37946767 PMCID: PMC10631421 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v11.i29.6974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Time series analysis is a valuable tool in epidemiology that complements the classical epidemiological models in two different ways: Prediction and forecast. Prediction is related to explaining past and current data based on various internal and external influences that may or may not have a causative role. Forecasting is an exploration of the possible future values based on the predictive ability of the model and hypothesized future values of the external and/or internal influences. The time series analysis approach has the advantage of being easier to use (in the cases of more straightforward and linear models such as Auto-Regressive Integrated Moving Average). Still, it is limited in forecasting time, unlike the classical models such as Susceptible-Exposed-Infectious-Removed. Its applicability in forecasting comes from its better accuracy for short-term prediction. In its basic form, it does not assume much theoretical knowledge of the mechanisms of spreading and mutating pathogens or the reaction of people and regulatory structures (governments, companies, etc.). Instead, it estimates from the data directly. Its predictive ability allows testing hypotheses for different factors that positively or negatively contribute to the pandemic spread; be it school closures, emerging variants, etc. It can be used in mortality or hospital risk estimation from new cases, seroprevalence studies, assessing properties of emerging variants, and estimating excess mortality and its relationship with a pandemic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Latchezar Tomov
- Department of Informatics, New Bulgarian University, Sofia 1618, Bulgaria
| | - Lyubomir Chervenkov
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Medical University Plovdiv, Plovdiv 4000, Bulgaria
| | - Dimitrina Georgieva Miteva
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology, Sofia University "St. Kliment Ohridski", Sofia 1164, Bulgaria
| | - Hristiana Batselova
- Department of Epidemiology and Disaster Medicine, Medical University, University Hospital "St George", Plovdiv 4000, Bulgaria
| | - Tsvetelina Velikova
- Department of Medical Faculty, Sofia University, St. Kliment Ohridski, Sofia 1407, Bulgaria
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Almeida VN, Cavalin RF, Gallo JF, Guerra CA, Madureira KCR, Rossi MB, Sobreira RSDS, Santos AP, Luna E, Lindoso JAL. Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection among health care workers in a reference hospital in Brazil. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2023; 65:e52. [PMID: 37820248 PMCID: PMC10564459 DOI: 10.1590/s1678-9946202365052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Health care workers (HCW) are the frontline workforce for COVID-19 patient care and, consequently, are exposed to SARS-CoV-2 infection due to close contact to infected patients. Here, we evaluate the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection among HCW from an infectious disease hospital, reference center for COVID-19 care in the metropolitan area of Sao Paulo city, Brazil. Among 2,204 HCW, 1,417 (64.29%) were subjected to detection of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies by chemiluminescent immunoassay. Out of the total, 271 (19.12%) presented anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. Prevalence varied according to HCW categories. The highest prevalence was observed in workers from outsourced companies, cooks and kitchen assistants, hospital cleaning workers, and maintenance workers. On the other hand, resident physicians and HCW from the institution itself presented lower prevalence (nurses, nursing assistants, physicians, laboratory technicians). Social and environmental factors are important determinants, associated with exposure in the hospital environment, which can determine the greater or lesser risk of infection by pathogens that spread rapidly by air.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ana Paula Santos
- Instituto de Infectologia Emilio Ribas, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Expedito Luna
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Medicina Preventiva, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Angelo Lauletta Lindoso
- Instituto de Infectologia Emilio Ribas, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Moléstias Infecciosas e Parasitárias, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, Laboratório de Protozoologia (LIM-49), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Peterhoff D, Wiegrebe S, Einhauser S, Patt AJ, Beileke S, Günther F, Steininger P, Niller HH, Burkhardt R, Küchenhoff H, Gefeller O, Überla K, Heid IM, Wagner R. Population-based study of the durability of humoral immunity after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1242536. [PMID: 37868969 PMCID: PMC10585261 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1242536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 antibody quantity and quality are key markers of humoral immunity. However, there is substantial uncertainty about their durability. We investigated levels and temporal change of SARS-CoV-2 antibody quantity and quality. We analyzed sera (8 binding, 4 avidity assays for spike-(S-)protein and nucleocapsid-(N-)protein; neutralization) from 211 seropositive unvaccinated participants, from the population-based longitudinal TiKoCo study, at three time points within one year after infection with the ancestral SARS-CoV-2 virus. We found a significant decline of neutralization titers and binding antibody levels in most assays (linear mixed regression model, p<0.01). S-specific serum avidity increased markedly over time, in contrast to N-specific. Binding antibody levels were higher in older versus younger participants - a difference that disappeared for the asymptomatic-infected. We found stronger antibody decline in men versus women and lower binding and avidity levels in current versus never-smokers. Our comprehensive longitudinal analyses across 13 antibody assays suggest decreased neutralization-based protection and prolonged affinity maturation within one year after infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Peterhoff
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Molecular Microbiology (Virology), University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Simon Wiegrebe
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Statistical Consulting Unit StaBLab, Department of Statistics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sebastian Einhauser
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Molecular Microbiology (Virology), University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Arisha J. Patt
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Stephanie Beileke
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Felix Günther
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Statistical Consulting Unit StaBLab, Department of Statistics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Philipp Steininger
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hans H. Niller
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Molecular Microbiology (Virology), University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Ralph Burkhardt
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Helmut Küchenhoff
- Statistical Consulting Unit StaBLab, Department of Statistics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Olaf Gefeller
- Department of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Klaus Überla
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Iris M. Heid
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Ralf Wagner
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Molecular Microbiology (Virology), University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Provencio M, Estival A, Franco F, López-Vivanco G, Saigí M, Arasanz H, Diz P, Carcereny E, García J, Aguado C, Mosquera J, Iruarrizaga E, Majem M, Bosch-Barrera J, Mielgo-Rubio X, Guirado M, Juan-Vidal Ó, Blasco A, Lucía Gozálvez C, Del Barrio A, De Portugal T, López-Martín A, Serrano G, Campos B, Rubio J, Catot S, Esteban B, Martí-Ciriquian JL, Del Barco E, Calvo V. Immunogenicity of COVID-19 vaccines in lung cancer patients. Lung Cancer 2023; 184:107323. [PMID: 37639820 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2023.107323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Patients with lung cancer are at increased risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and severe complications from COVID-19, but information on the efficacy of anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in these patients is scarce. We aimed at evaluating the safety and immunogenicity of COVID-19 vaccines in this population. PATIENTS AND METHODS The prospective, nationwide SOLID substudy, enrolled adults with lung cancer who were fully vaccinated against COVID-19. Serum anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody levels were quantitatively assessed two weeks and six months after receipt of the last dose using a chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay. Multivariate odds ratios for the association between demographic and clinical factors and seronegativity after vaccination were estimated. RESULTS 1973 lung cancer patients were enrolled. Most patients had stage IV disease (66%) and were receiving active cancer treatment (82.7%). No significant differences were found in the probability of being seronegative for anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies after full vaccination between patients who were receiving active cancer treatment and those who were not (p = 0.396). The administration of immunotherapy or oral targeted therapy and immunization with mRNA-1273 COVID-19 vaccine were factors independently associated with increased odds of being seropositive after vaccination. From all patients, 1405 received the second dose of vaccine and high levels of antibody titers were observed in 93.6% of patients two weeks after second dose. At six months, multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that performance status ≥ 2 was independently associated with a higher probability of being seronegative after full vaccination with an OR 4.15. On the other hand, received chemotherapy or oral target therapy and vaccination with mRNA-1273 were a factor independently associated with lower odds of being seronegative after full vaccination with an OR 0.52, 0.37 and 0.34, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Lung cancer patients can safely achieve a strong immune response against SARS-CoV-2 after full vaccination, regardless of the cancer treatment received. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT04407143.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariano Provencio
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Anna Estival
- Medical Oncology Department, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, B-ARGO, IGTP, Badalona, Spain
| | - Fernando Franco
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - María Saigí
- Medical Oncology Department, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, B-ARGO, IGTP, Badalona, Spain
| | - Hugo Arasanz
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario de Navarra - Oncoimmunology, Navarrabiomed, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Pilar Diz
- Medical Oncology Department, Complejo Asistencial Universitario de León, León, Spain
| | - Enric Carcereny
- Medical Oncology Department, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, B-ARGO, IGTP, Badalona, Spain
| | - Javier García
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitari Son LLàtzer, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Carlos Aguado
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Joaquín Mosquera
- Medical Oncology Department, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Eluska Iruarrizaga
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Cruces, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Margarita Majem
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Xavier Mielgo-Rubio
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Fundación Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Guirado
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital General Universitario de Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | - Óscar Juan-Vidal
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ana Blasco
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, CIBERONC, Valencia, Spain
| | - Clara Lucía Gozálvez
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Reus, Reus, Spain
| | - Anabel Del Barrio
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario HM Sanchinarro, Madrid, Spain
| | - Teresa De Portugal
- Medical Oncology Department, Complejo Hospitalario de Zamora, Zamora, Spain
| | - Ana López-Martín
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Severo Ochoa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gloria Serrano
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universiario Infanta Leonor, Madrid, Spain
| | - Begoña Campos
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Lucus Augusti, Lugo, Spain
| | - Judit Rubio
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario de Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
| | - Silvia Catot
- Medical Oncology Department, Althaia, Xarxa Assistencial Universitària Manresa, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Beatriz Esteban
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital General Universitario de Segovia, Segovia, Spain
| | | | - Edel Del Barco
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Virginia Calvo
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Chong Z, Rodzlan Hasani WS, Noor Asari F, Muhammad EN, Mutalip MHA, Robert Lourdes TG, Rifin HM, Singh S, Thayan R. The seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in Malaysia: 7 August to 11 October 2020. Influenza Other Respir Viruses 2023; 17:e13193. [PMID: 37789877 PMCID: PMC10542612 DOI: 10.1111/irv.13193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background From the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic until mid-October 2020, Malaysia recorded ~15,000 confirmed cases. But there could be undiagnosed cases due mainly to asymptomatic infections. Seroprevalence studies can better quantify underlying infection from SARS-CoV-2 by identifying humoral antibodies against the virus. This study was the first to determine the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in Malaysia's general population, as well as the proportion of asymptomatic and undiagnosed infections. Methods This cross-sectional seroprevalence study with a two-stage stratified random cluster sampling design included 5,131 representative community dwellers in Malaysia aged ≥1 year. Data collection lasted from 7 August to 11 October 2020 involving venous blood sampling and interviews for history of COVID-19 symptoms and diagnosis. Previous SARS-CoV-2 infection was defined as screened positive using the Wantai SARS-CoV-2 Total Antibody enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and confirmed positive using the GenScript SARS-CoV-2 surrogate Virus Neutralization Test. We performed a complex sampling design analysis, calculating sample weights considering probabilities of selection, non-response rate and post-stratification weight. Results The overall weighted prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection was 0.49% (95%CI 0.28-0.85) (N = 150,857). Among the estimated population with past infection, around 84.1% (95%CI 58.84-95.12) (N = 126 826) were asymptomatic, and 90.1% (95%CI 67.06-97.58) (N = 135 866) were undiagnosed. Conclusions Our study revealed a low pre-variant and pre-vaccination seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in Malaysia up to mid-October 2020, with a considerable proportion of asymptomatic and undiagnosed cases. This led to subsequent adoption of SARS-CoV-2 antigen rapid test kits to increase case detection rate and to reduce time to results and infection control measures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo‐Lin Chong
- Institute for Public Health, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health MalaysiaSetia AlamSelangorMalaysia
| | - Wan Shakira Rodzlan Hasani
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medical SciencesUniversiti Sains MalaysiaKubang KerianKelantanMalaysia
| | - Filza Noor Asari
- Institute for Public Health, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health MalaysiaSetia AlamSelangorMalaysia
| | - Eida Nurhadzira Muhammad
- Institute for Public Health, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health MalaysiaSetia AlamSelangorMalaysia
| | - Mohd Hatta Abdul Mutalip
- Institute for Public Health, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health MalaysiaSetia AlamSelangorMalaysia
| | - Tania Gayle Robert Lourdes
- Institute for Public Health, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health MalaysiaSetia AlamSelangorMalaysia
| | - Halizah Mat Rifin
- Institute for Public Health, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health MalaysiaSetia AlamSelangorMalaysia
| | - Sarbhan Singh
- Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of HealthMinistry of Health MalaysiaSetia AlamSelangorMalaysia
| | - Ravindran Thayan
- Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of HealthMinistry of Health MalaysiaSetia AlamSelangorMalaysia
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Kamp SM, Buntić N, Amtmann J, Scharpf A, Schönen A, Wagner L, Schulz A. Reduced concentration performance and heartbeat-evoked potential in individuals with a history of a SARS-CoV-2 infection. Neurosci Lett 2023; 814:137466. [PMID: 37652352 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2023.137466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
The goal of characterizing long-term psychological and neural consequences of a SARS-CoV-2 infection has recently gained importance. Here, we examined the effect of a prior SARS-CoV-2 infection on neural markers of exteroceptive (P300) and interoceptive (heartbeat-evoked potential; HEP) signal processing, as well as on neuropsychological tests of attention, inhibition and episodic memory, in 23 adults with a self-reported history of SARS-CoV-2 infection versus 23 healthy controls. We found that the group with a prior infection showed decreased HEP (but not P300) amplitudes, as well as reduced attention/concentration performance. These results suggest that SARS-CoV-2 may damage neural structures of cardiac interoception, thereby potentially contributing to cognitive and psychological long-term deficits. Modulations of interoceptive processing after a SARS-CoV-2 infection are thus a promising target for future research.
Collapse
|
29
|
Gonzaga A, Andreu E, Hernández-Blasco LM, Meseguer R, Al-Akioui-Sanz K, Soria-Juan B, Sanjuan-Gimenez JC, Ferreras C, Tejedo JR, Lopez-Lluch G, Goterris R, Maciá L, Sempere-Ortells JM, Hmadcha A, Borobia A, Vicario JL, Bonora A, Aguilar-Gallardo C, Poveda JL, Arbona C, Alenda C, Tarín F, Marco FM, Merino E, Jaime F, Ferreres J, Figueira JC, Cañada-Illana C, Querol S, Guerreiro M, Eguizabal C, Martín-Quirós A, Robles-Marhuenda Á, Pérez-Martínez A, Solano C, Soria B. Rationale for combined therapies in severe-to-critical COVID-19 patients. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1232472. [PMID: 37767093 PMCID: PMC10520558 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1232472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
An unprecedented global social and economic impact as well as a significant number of fatalities have been brought on by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), produced by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Acute SARS-CoV-2 infection can, in certain situations, cause immunological abnormalities, leading to an anomalous innate and adaptive immune response. While most patients only experience mild symptoms and recover without the need for mechanical ventilation, a substantial percentage of those who are affected develop severe respiratory illness, which can be fatal. The absence of effective therapies when disease progresses to a very severe condition coupled with the incomplete understanding of COVID-19's pathogenesis triggers the need to develop innovative therapeutic approaches for patients at high risk of mortality. As a result, we investigate the potential contribution of promising combinatorial cell therapy to prevent death in critical patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aitor Gonzaga
- Alicante Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL), Alicante, Spain
- Institute of Bioengineering, Miguel Hernández University, Elche, Spain
| | - Etelvina Andreu
- Alicante Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL), Alicante, Spain
- Applied Physics Department, Miguel Hernández University, Elche, Spain
| | | | - Rut Meseguer
- Alicante Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL), Alicante, Spain
- Clinic University Hospital, Fundación para la Investigación del Hospital Clínico de la Comunidad Valenciana (INCLIVA) Health Research Institute, Valencia, Spain
| | - Karima Al-Akioui-Sanz
- Alicante Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL), Alicante, Spain
- Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research, IdiPAZ, University Hospital La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Bárbara Soria-Juan
- Réseau Hospitalier Neuchâtelois, Hôpital Pourtalès, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | | | - Cristina Ferreras
- Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research, IdiPAZ, University Hospital La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan R. Tejedo
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemical Engineering, University Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
- Biomedical Research Network for Diabetes and Related Metabolic Diseases-Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM) of the Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Guillermo Lopez-Lluch
- University Pablo de Olavide, Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CABD-CSIC), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Sevilla, Spain
| | - Rosa Goterris
- Clinic University Hospital, Fundación para la Investigación del Hospital Clínico de la Comunidad Valenciana (INCLIVA) Health Research Institute, Valencia, Spain
| | - Loreto Maciá
- Nursing Department, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Jose M. Sempere-Ortells
- Alicante Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL), Alicante, Spain
- Biotechnology Department, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Abdelkrim Hmadcha
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemical Engineering, University Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
- Biosanitary Research Institute (IIB-VIU), Valencian International University (VIU), Valencia, Spain
| | - Alberto Borobia
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, La Paz University Hospital, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, IdiPAz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose L. Vicario
- Transfusion Center of the Autonomous Community of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Bonora
- Health Research Institute Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Jose L. Poveda
- Health Research Institute Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Cristina Arbona
- Valencian Community Blood Transfusion Center, Valencia, Spain
| | - Cristina Alenda
- Alicante Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL), Alicante, Spain
| | - Fabian Tarín
- Alicante Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL), Alicante, Spain
| | - Francisco M. Marco
- Alicante Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL), Alicante, Spain
- Immunology Department, Dr. Balmis General University Hospital, Alicante, Spain
| | - Esperanza Merino
- Alicante Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL), Alicante, Spain
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Miguel Hernández University, Elche, Spain
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Dr. Balmis General University Hospital, Alicante, Spain
| | - Francisco Jaime
- Alicante Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL), Alicante, Spain
| | - José Ferreres
- Intensive Care Service, Hospital Clinico Universitario, Fundación para la Investigación del Hospital Clínico de la Comunidad Valenciana (INCLIVA), Valencia, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Manuel Guerreiro
- Department of Hematology, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Cristina Eguizabal
- Research Unit, Basque Center for Blood Transfusion and Human Tissues, Galdakao, Spain
- Cell Therapy, Stem Cells and Tissues Group, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
| | | | | | - Antonio Pérez-Martínez
- Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research, IdiPAZ, University Hospital La Paz, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Solano
- Hematology Service, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Fundación para la Investigación del Hospital Clínico de la Comunidad Valenciana (INCLIVA), Valencia, Spain
| | - Bernat Soria
- Alicante Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL), Alicante, Spain
- Institute of Bioengineering, Miguel Hernández University, Elche, Spain
- Biomedical Research Network for Diabetes and Related Metabolic Diseases-Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM) of the Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Touil N, Touzani CD, Benaissa EM, Kasouati J, Rhazzar Z, El Annaz H, El Mrimar N, Neffah L, Abi R, Tagajdid R, El Kochri S, Ducatez M, Akhouad Y, Reggad A, El Kassimi Z, Zrara A, Bssaibis F, El Fahime E, Amine IL, Belmekki A, Malik YS, Elouennass M, Ennibi K. Neutralising antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 give important information on Covid-19 epidemic evolution in Rabat, Morocco, March 2020-February 2021. Afr Health Sci 2023; 23:400-405. [PMID: 38357173 PMCID: PMC10862607 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v23i3.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The SARS-CoV-2 is an extremely contagious and acute viral disease mainly affecting humans. Objective To estimate seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) for illegible armed force individuals living in Rabat, Morocco. Method A convenience sample (N = 2662) was conducted from May 2020 to February 2021. We used the standard neutralization assay to quantify the NAbs titers. A serum was positive when the titer was 1:4. High positive NAbs titers were defined when ≥ 1:32. Results Demographic and socioeconomic status did not affect seroprevalence data. An overall seroprevalence of 24,9% was found. Sera from blood donors, young recruits and auto-immune population had lower NAbs titers. However, titers were above 1:16 in 9% of the population with high risk of SARS-CoV-2 exposure. Seropositivity increased over time with values reaching peaks after the epidemic waves (2.4% in May 2020; 16.2% in August 2020; 22.7% in December 2020 and 37% in February 2021). Conclusion And increase of NAbs was observed over time and correlated with the post-epidemic waves of COVID-19 in Morocco.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Touil
- Unité de Culture Cellulaire, Centre des Maldies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Hôpital Militaire d'Instruction Mohammed V de Rabat, Morocco
- Virologie Moléculaire Onco-Biologie, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Université Mohammed V, Souissi-Rabat, Morocco
| | - Charifa Drissi Touzani
- Virologie Moléculaire Onco-Biologie, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Université Mohammed V, Souissi-Rabat, Morocco
| | - El Mostafa Benaissa
- Equipe de Reherche en Epidemiologie Bacterienne, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Université Mohammed V, Souissi-Rabat, Morocco
| | - Jalal Kasouati
- Laboratoire de Biostatistique, de Recherche Clinique et d'Epidémiologie Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Université Mohammed V, Souissi-Rabat, Morocco
| | - Zineb Rhazzar
- Unité de Culture Cellulaire, Centre des Maldies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Hôpital Militaire d'Instruction Mohammed V de Rabat, Morocco
| | - Hicham El Annaz
- Unité de Culture Cellulaire, Centre des Maldies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Hôpital Militaire d'Instruction Mohammed V de Rabat, Morocco
| | - Nadia El Mrimar
- Unité de Culture Cellulaire, Centre des Maldies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Hôpital Militaire d'Instruction Mohammed V de Rabat, Morocco
| | - Lamiae Neffah
- Centre de Transfusion Sanguine, Hôpital Militaire d'Instruction Mohammed V de Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Rachid Abi
- Service de Virologie, Centre des Maldies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Hôpital Militaire d'Instruction Mohammed V de Rabat, Morocco
| | - Rida Tagajdid
- Service de Virologie, Centre des Maldies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Hôpital Militaire d'Instruction Mohammed V de Rabat, Morocco
| | - Safae El Kochri
- Service de Virologie, Centre des Maldies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Hôpital Militaire d'Instruction Mohammed V de Rabat, Morocco
| | | | - Youssouf Akhouad
- Service de Virologie, Centre des Maldies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Hôpital Militaire d'Instruction Mohammed V de Rabat, Morocco
| | - Ahmed Reggad
- Service de Virologie, Centre des Maldies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Hôpital Militaire d'Instruction Mohammed V de Rabat, Morocco
| | - Zouhour El Kassimi
- Service de Virologie, Centre des Maldies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Hôpital Militaire d'Instruction Mohammed V de Rabat, Morocco
| | | | - Fatna Bssaibis
- Equipe de Reherche en Epidemiologie Bacterienne, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Université Mohammed V, Souissi-Rabat, Morocco
| | | | - Idriss Lahlou Amine
- Service de Virologie, Centre des Maldies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Hôpital Militaire d'Instruction Mohammed V de Rabat, Morocco
| | - Abdelkader Belmekki
- Centre de Transfusion Sanguine, Hôpital Militaire d'Instruction Mohammed V de Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Yashpal Singh Malik
- College of Animal Biotechnology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Science University (GADVASU), Punjab, India
| | - Mostafa Elouennass
- Equipe de Reherche en Epidemiologie Bacterienne, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Université Mohammed V, Souissi-Rabat, Morocco
| | - Khalid Ennibi
- Unité de Culture Cellulaire, Centre des Maldies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Hôpital Militaire d'Instruction Mohammed V de Rabat, Morocco
- Service de Virologie, Centre des Maldies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Hôpital Militaire d'Instruction Mohammed V de Rabat, Morocco
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Dali-Ali A, Derkaoui DK, Zina M, Oukebdane A. Seroprevalence of COVID-19 in Oran: Cross-Sectional Study. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0087623. [PMID: 37284756 PMCID: PMC10433985 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00876-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was introduced in Algeria in March 2020. This study aimed to estimate the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in Oran, Algeria, and to identify factors associated with seropositivity. This was a cross-sectional seroprevalence study conducted between 7 and 20 January 2021 across all 26 municipalities in the province of Oran. The study employed a random cluster sampling technique stratified by age and sex to select participants from households, who were then administered a rapid serological test. The overall seroprevalence and specific seroprevalences by municipality were calculated, and the number of COVID-19 cases in Oran was estimated. The correlation between population density and seroprevalence was also examined. Among the participants, 422 (35.6%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 32.9 to 38.4) had a positive serological test for SARS-CoV-2, and eight municipalities had seroprevalence rates above 73%. We found a strong positive correlation between population density and seroprevalence (r = 0.795, P < 0.001), indicating that areas with higher population density had higher numbers of positive COVID-19 cases. Our study provides evidence of a high seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in Oran, Algeria. The estimated number of cases based on seroprevalence is much higher than the number of cases confirmed by PCR. Our findings suggest that a large proportion of the population has been infected with SARS-CoV-2, highlighting the need for continued surveillance and control measures to prevent further spread of the virus. IMPORTANCE This is the first and only seroprevalence study of COVID-19 conducted in the general population in Algeria prior to the national vaccination campaign against COVID-19. The significance of this study lies in its contribution to our understanding of the spread of the virus in the population before the implementation of the vaccination program.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdessamad Dali-Ali
- University of Oran 1: Ahmed Ben Bella, Faculty of Medicine, Oran, Algeria
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine at EHUO, Oran, Algeria
| | | | - Mohamed Zina
- Public Establishment of Proximity Care in Boutlellis, Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Boutlellis, Oran, Algeria
| | - Asmaa Oukebdane
- Canastel Specialized Hospital, Ophthalmology Department, Oran, Algeria
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Manirakiza A, Malaka C, Longo JDD, Yambiyo BM, Diemer SCH, Namseneï J, Coti-Reckoundji CSG, Bouhouda M, Belizaire MRD, Roungou JB, Komas NP, Grésenguet G, Vernet G, Vernet MA, Nakoune E. Sero-prevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies among communities between July and August 2022 in Bangui, Central African Republic. J Public Health Afr 2023; 14:2315. [PMID: 37753434 PMCID: PMC10519115 DOI: 10.4081/jphia.2023.2315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Large-scale population-based seroprevalence studies of SARS-CoV-2 are essential to characterize the cumulative incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection and to extrapolate the prevalence of presumptive immunity at the population level. Objective. The objective of our survey was to estimate the cumulative population immunity for COVID-19 and to identify individual characteristics associated with positive serostatus. Materials and Methods This was a clustered cross-sectional study conducted from July 12 to August 20, 2021, in households in the city of Bangui, the capital of the Central African Republic. Information regarding demographic characteristics (age, gender, and place of residence), and comorbidities (chronic diseases) was collected. A venous blood sample was obtained from each participant to determine the level of total anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies using a WANTAI SARS-CoV-2 Ab ELISA kit. Results All up, 799 participants were surveyed. The average age was 27 years, and 45.8% of the respondents were male (sex ratio: 0.8). The overall proportion of respondents with positive serostatus was 74.1%. Participants over 20 years of age were twice as likely to have positive serostatus, with an OR of 2.2 [95% CI: (1.6, 3.1)]. Conclusions The results of this survey revealed a high cumulative level of immunity in Bangui, thus indicating a significant degree of spread of SARS-CoV-2 in the population. The public health implications of this immunity to SARS-CoV-2 such as the post-vaccination total antibody kinetics remain to be determined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Manirakiza
- Institut Pasteur of Bangui, Pasteur International Network
- Faculté des Sciences de la Santé, Université of Bangui
| | | | - Jean de Dieu Longo
- Faculté des Sciences de la Santé, Université of Bangui
- Ministère de la Santé et de la Population
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Narcisse Patrice Komas
- Institut Pasteur of Bangui, Pasteur International Network
- Faculté des Sciences de la Santé, Université of Bangui
| | | | - Guy Vernet
- Institut Pasteur of Bangui, Pasteur International Network
| | | | - Emmanuel Nakoune
- Institut Pasteur of Bangui, Pasteur International Network
- Faculté des Sciences de la Santé, Université of Bangui
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Chisale MRO, Sinyiza FW, Kaseka PU, Chimbatata CS, Mbakaya BC, Wu TSJ, Nyambalo BW, Chauma-Mwale A, Chilima B, Yu KLJ, Kayira AB. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Reinfection Rates in Malawi: A Possible Tool to Guide Vaccine Prioritisation and Immunisation Policies. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1185. [PMID: 37515002 PMCID: PMC10383452 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11071185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
As the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic continues, reports indicate that the global vaccination rate is still far below the target. Understanding the levels of reinfection may help refocus and inform policymakers on vaccination. This retrospective study in Malawi included individuals and patients who tested for COVID-19 infections via reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rt-PCR) from the data at the Public Health Institute of Malawi (PHIM). We included all data in the national line list from April 2020 to March 2022. Upon review of 47,032 records, 45,486 were included with a reported 82 (0.18) reinfection representing a rate of 0.55 (95% CI: 0.44-0.68) per 100,000 person-days of follow-up. Most reinfections occurred in the first 90 to 200 days following the initial infection, and the median time to reinfection was 175 days (IQR: 150-314), with a range of 90-563 days. The risk of reinfection was highest in the immediate 3 to 6 months following the initial infection and declined substantially after that, and age demonstrated a significant association with reinfection. Estimating the burden of SARS-CoV-2 reinfections, a specific endurance of the immunity naturally gained, and the role played by risk factors in reinfections is relevant for identifying strategies to prioritise vaccination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Master R O Chisale
- Faculty of Sciences, Technology and Innovations, Biological Sciences, Mzuzu University, P/Bag 201 Luwinga, Mzuzu, Malawi
- Research Department, Luke International, Mzuzu P.O. Box 1088, Malawi
| | | | - Paul Uchizi Kaseka
- Mzuzu Central Hospital, Ministry of Health, P/Bag 209 Luwinga, Mzuzu, Malawi
| | | | | | - Tsung-Shu Joseph Wu
- Research Department, Luke International, Mzuzu P.O. Box 1088, Malawi
- Overseas Department, Pingtung Christian Hospital, No. 60, Da-lien Rd., Pingtung City 900, Taiwan
| | | | - Annie Chauma-Mwale
- Public Health Institute of Malawi, Ministry of Health, Lilongwe 00265, Malawi
| | - Ben Chilima
- Public Health Institute of Malawi, Ministry of Health, Lilongwe 00265, Malawi
| | - Kwong-Leung Joseph Yu
- Research Department, Luke International, Mzuzu P.O. Box 1088, Malawi
- Overseas Department, Pingtung Christian Hospital, No. 60, Da-lien Rd., Pingtung City 900, Taiwan
| | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Francois KLA, Msomi N, Govender K, Gounder L, Moodley P, Parboosing R, Chetty I, Xaba L, Khan A. Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin G in HIV-positive and HIV-negative individuals in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Afr J Lab Med 2023; 12:2065. [PMID: 37434993 PMCID: PMC10331028 DOI: 10.4102/ajlm.v12i1.2065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background KwaZulu-Natal ranked second highest among South African provinces for the number of laboratory-confirmed cases during the second wave of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic. The seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 among certain vulnerable groups, such as people living with HIV in KwaZulu-Natal, is unknown. Objective The study aimed to determine the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin G (IgG) in HIV-positive versus HIV-negative patients. Methods This was a retrospective analysis of residual clinical blood specimens unrelated to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) submitted for diagnostic testing at Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital, Durban, from 10 November 2020 to 09 February 2021. Specimens were tested for SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin G on the Abbott Architect analyser. Results A total of 1977/8829 (22.4%) specimens were positive for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. Seroprevalence varied between health districts from 16.4% to 37.3%, and was 19% in HIV-positive and 35.3% in HIV-negative specimens. Seroprevalence was higher among female patients (23.6% vs 19.8%; p < 0.0001) and increased with increasing age, with a statistically significant difference between the farthest age groups (< 10 years and > 79 years; p < 0.0001). The seroprevalence increased from 17% on 10 November 2020 to 43% on 09 February 2021 during the second wave. Conclusion Our results highlight that during the second COVID-19 wave in KwaZulu-Natal a large proportion of people living with HIV were still immunologically susceptible. The reduced seropositivity in people with virological failure further emphasises the importance of targeted vaccination and vaccine response monitoring in these individuals. What the study adds This study contributes to data on SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence before and during the second wave in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, which has the highest HIV prevalence globally. Reduced seropositivity was found among people living with HIV with virological failure, highlighting the importance of targeted booster vaccination and vaccine response monitoring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kerri-Lee A Francois
- Discipline of Virology, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- National Health Laboratory Services, Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital, Durban, South Africa
| | - Nokukhanya Msomi
- Discipline of Virology, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- National Health Laboratory Services, Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital, Durban, South Africa
| | - Kerusha Govender
- Discipline of Virology, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- National Health Laboratory Services, Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital, Durban, South Africa
| | - Lilishia Gounder
- Discipline of Virology, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- National Health Laboratory Services, Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital, Durban, South Africa
| | - Pravi Moodley
- Discipline of Virology, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- National Health Laboratory Services, Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital, Durban, South Africa
| | - Raveen Parboosing
- Discipline of Virology, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- National Health Laboratory Services, Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital, Durban, South Africa
- Department of Medical Virology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Indrani Chetty
- Discipline of Virology and National Health Laboratory Service, Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital, Durban, South Africa
| | - Lunga Xaba
- Discipline of Virology and National Health Laboratory Service, Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital, Durban, South Africa
| | - Aabida Khan
- Discipline of Virology, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- National Health Laboratory Services, Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital, Durban, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Martins AF, de Souza DRV, de Rezende Neto JM, Santos AA, da Invenção GB, Matos ILS, dos Santos KA, de Jesus PC, da Silva FA, de Almeida FHO, do Vale FYN, Fonseca DLM, Schimke LF, Matos SS, Oliveira BM, Ferreira CS, de Paula Dias B, dos Santos SMSA, Barbosa CC, de Carvalho Barreto ID, Moreno AKM, Gonçalves RL, de Mello Silva B, Cabral-Marques O, Borges LP. A higher number of SARS-COV-2 infections in quilombola communities than in the local population in Brazil. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1095162. [PMID: 37304100 PMCID: PMC10253171 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1095162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The historical and social vulnerability of quilombola communities in Brazil can make them especially fragile in the face of COVID-19, considering that several individuals have precarious health systems and inadequate access to water. This work aimed to characterize the frequency of SARS-COV-2 infections and the presence of IgM and IgG SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in quilombola populations and their relationship with the presence of risk factors or preexisting chronic diseases in the quilombola communities. We analyzed the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, serological status, comorbidities, and symptoms of 1,994 individuals (478 males and 1,536 females) from 18 Brazilian municipalities in the State of Sergipe of quilombola communities, which were evaluated at different epidemiological weeks, starting at the 32nd (August 6th) and ending at the 40th (October 3rd) epidemiological week. More than 70% of studied families live in rural areas and they have an extreme poverty social status. Although we found a higher number of SARS-COV-2 infections in quilombola communities than in the local population, their SARS-CoV-2 reactivity and IgM and IgG positivity varied across the communities investigated. Arterial hypertension was the most risk factor, being found in 27.8% of the individuals (9.5% in stage 1, 10.8% in stage 2, and 7.5% in stage 3). The most common COVID-19 symptoms and comorbidities were headache, runny nose, flu, and dyslipidemia. However, most individuals were asymptomatic (79.9%). Our data indicate that mass testing must be incorporated into public policy to improve the health care system available to quilombola populations during a future pandemic or epidemic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Fernando Yuri Nery do Vale
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dennyson Leandro M. Fonseca
- Interunit Postgraduate Program on Bioinformatics, Institute of Mathematics and Statistics (IME), University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Lena F. Schimke
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Saulo Santos Matos
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil
| | | | - Cyntia Silva Ferreira
- Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Bruna de Paula Dias
- Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Camila Cavadas Barbosa
- Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Karolina Mendes Moreno
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Biodiversity, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Lemes Gonçalves
- Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Breno de Mello Silva
- Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Otavio Cabral-Marques
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Interunit Postgraduate Program on Bioinformatics, Institute of Mathematics and Statistics (IME), University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Department of Pharmacy and Postgraduate Program of Health and Science, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
- Department of Medicine, Division of Molecular Medicine, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation 29, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Hennessey K, Pezzoli L, Mantel C. A framework for seroepidemiologic investigations in future pandemics: insights from an evaluation of WHO's Unity Studies initiative. Health Res Policy Syst 2023; 21:34. [PMID: 37194007 PMCID: PMC10187500 DOI: 10.1186/s12961-023-00973-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The WHO Unity Studies initiative supports countries, especially low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), in conducting seroepidemiologic studies for rapidly informing responses to the COVID-19 pandemic. Ten generic study protocols were developed which standardized epidemiologic and laboratory methods. WHO provided technical support, serological assays and funding for study implementation. An external evaluation was conducted to assess (1) the usefulness of study findings in guiding response strategies, (2) management and support to conduct studies and (3) capacity built from engagement with the initiative. METHODS The evaluation focused on the three most frequently used protocols, namely first few cases, household transmission and population-based serosurvey, 66% of 339 studies tracked by WHO. All 158 principal investigators (PIs) with contact information were invited to complete an online survey. A total of 19 PIs (randomly selected within WHO regions), 14 WHO Unity focal points at the country, regional and global levels, 12 WHO global-level stakeholders and eight external partners were invited to be interviewed. Interviews were coded in MAXQDA™, synthesized into findings and cross-verified by a second reviewer. RESULTS Among 69 (44%) survey respondents, 61 (88%) were from LMICs. Ninety-five percent gave positive feedback on technical support, 87% reported that findings contributed to COVID-19 understanding, 65% to guiding public health and social measures, and 58% to guiding vaccination policy. Survey and interview group responses showed that the main technical barriers to using study findings were study quality, variations in study methods (challenge for meta-analysis), completeness of reporting study details and clarity of communicating findings. Untimely study findings were another barrier, caused by delays in ethical clearance, receipt of serological assays and approval to share findings. There was strong agreement that the initiative created equitable research opportunities, connected expertise and facilitated study implementation. Around 90% of respondents agreed the initiative should continue in the future. CONCLUSIONS The Unity Studies initiative created a highly valued community of practice, contributed to study implementation and research equity, and serves as a valuable framework for future pandemics. To strengthen this platform, WHO should establish emergency-mode procedures to facilitate timeliness and continue to build capacity to rapidly conduct high-quality studies and communicate findings in a format friendly to decision-makers.
Collapse
|
37
|
Bakr S, Ezzat EM, Salem KM, Masoud M, Abdelaziz HEM. Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin G antibody during COVID-19 pandemic in Fayoum District, Egypt: a community-based pilot survey. Pan Afr Med J 2023; 45:22. [PMID: 37521757 PMCID: PMC10386537 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2023.45.22.36513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction controlling the worldwide pandemic, coronavirus disease (COVID-19), could be impossible due to the hesitancy about the available vaccines and the difficulty to implement strict restrictions. Little information is available about herd immunity in the highly vulnerable region of North East Africa, Egypt. The objective of this study was to assess the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 during the pandemic in one of the highly vulnerable populations in Egypt, the Fayoum district of Fayoum Governorate. Additionally, to assess the predictive value of symptoms and other associated risk factors towards a positive COVID-19 test. Methods in this cross-sectional community-based pilot study, immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies that are specific for the SARS-CoV-2 spike (S1-RBD) protein were tested during the period from February 2021 to July 2021. Results out of 155 participants, 60.6% were SARS-CoV-2 seropositive. Out of symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals, 76.5% and 56.2% were seropositive, respectively. Surprisingly, only one individual had received the COVID-19 vaccine. Previous history of COVID-19; such as symptoms and gender are statistically significant predictors of high seroconversion independent of age, comorbidities, and level of education. Conclusion this study which disclosed unexpectedly high SARS-CoV-2 seroconversion among the Egyptians, might provide a clear insight into COVID-19 transmission patterns and state of immunity. Further study with a larger sample size on a large scale is required to represent the whole local population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Salwa Bakr
- Department of Clinical Pathology/Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt
| | - Eman Mahmoud Ezzat
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt
| | - Karem Mohamed Salem
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Masoud
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt
| | - Hossam Eldin Mahmoud Abdelaziz
- Department of Clinical Pathology/Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Tavakoli A, Lotfi F, Lotfi M, Bayati M, Seif M, Salesi M, Emadi M, Keshavarz K, Delavari S. COVID-19 Reinfection Rate and Related Risk Factors in Fars Province, Iran: A Retrospective Cohort Study. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2023; 48:302-312. [PMID: 37791328 PMCID: PMC10542930 DOI: 10.30476/ijms.2022.94615.2598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Background Reinfection with Coronavirus Diseases 2019 (COVID-19) has raised remarkable public health concerns globally. Therefore, the present retrospective cohort study intended to investigate COVID-19 reinfection in registered patients of Fars province in Iran from February 2020 to April 2021. Methods The patients' data, including the COVID-19 infection, symptoms, comorbidities, and demographics, were collected using the Health Information Systems (HISs). The patients were divided into three groups in terms of the duration between the initial infection and reinfection, including 28-44, 45-89, and more than 90 days. Following the univariate analysis, logistic regression was used to investigate the factors effective on COVID-19 reinfection. Results A total of 213768 patients had a positive Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) test. The reinfection rate was 0.97% (2079 patients). Of these re-infected individuals, 14.9%, 18.5%, and 66.6% had their second positive test 28-45, 45-89, and ≥90 days later, respectively. The mean duration between the initial infection and reinfection was 130.56 days (29-370 days). The chance of reinfection was significantly higher in the youths (Odds Ratio (OR)=2.055; P<0.001), men (OR=1.283; P<0.001), urban population (OR=1.313; P<0.001), and healthcare providers (OR=4.453; P<0.001). The patients with chronic pulmonary diseases, chronic kidney diseases, and malignancy were 1.421 (P=0.036), 2.239 (P<0.001), and 3.437 (P<0.001) times, respectively, more likely prone to reinfection. Conclusion The results of this study showed that there is a higher risk of reinfection in several vulnerable groups including healthcare providers, young individuals, residents of urban areas, men, and individuals with underlying diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Tavakoli
- Research Center for Traditional Medicine and History of Medicine, Department of Persian Medicine, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Farhad Lotfi
- Health Human Resources Research Center, Department of Health Economics, School of Health Management and Information Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Emergency Medicine Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mehrzad Lotfi
- Medical Imaging Research Center, Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohsen Bayati
- Health Human Resources Research Center, Department of Health Economics, School of Health Management and Information Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mozhgan Seif
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mahmood Salesi
- Chemical Injuries Research Ccenter, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrnoosh Emadi
- Student Research Committee, School of Health Management and Information Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Khosro Keshavarz
- Health Human Resources Research Center, Department of Health Economics, School of Health Management and Information Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Emergency Medicine Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sajad Delavari
- Health Human Resources Research Center, Department of Health Economics, School of Health Management and Information Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Moreno-Medina K, Sáenz Pérez LD, Villar JC, Váquiro Herrera E, Pérez Franco JE, Varón-Vega FA, Guanes Cortés R, Steevens Gualdrón A, Sarmiento Becerra MS. SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in workers from a Colombian University Hospital. Occup Med (Lond) 2023; 73:128-132. [PMID: 36719103 PMCID: PMC10132206 DOI: 10.1093/occmed/kqad003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antibody (Ab) tests for SARS-CoV-2 virus allows for the estimation of incidence, level of exposure and duration of immunity acquired by a previous infection. In health workers, the hospital setting might convey a greater risk of infection. AIMS To describe the frequency of immunoglobulin G (IgG) Abs (IgG-Abs) to the SARS-CoV-2 virus among workers at a third-level university hospital in Colombia. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, we included medical and non-medical personnel with at least one real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)/antigen test between March 2020 and March 2021. In April 2021, an IgG-Ab test against SARS-CoV-2 was conducted for all participants and replicated 2 weeks later in a random sample (10%). The frequency of IgG-Abs is presented based on status (positive/negative) and time elapsed since RT-PCR/antigen test (<3 months, 3-6 months, >6 months). RESULTS We included 1021 workers (80% women, median age 34 years (interquartile range 28-42), 73% medical personnel, 23% with previous positive RT-PCR/antigen). The overall seroprevalence was 35% (95% CI 31.6-37.4, 35% in medical and 33% in non-medical personnel). For those with a previous positive RT-PCR/antigen test, the seroprevalence was 90% (<3 months), 82% (3-6 months) and 48% (>6 months). In participants with a previous negative RT-PCR/antigen test, the seroprevalence was 17% (<3 months), 21% (3-6 months) and 29% (>6 months). CONCLUSIONS High IgG-Ab positivity was found in hospital personnel, regardless of work activities. The prevalence of detectable Abs differed by previous RT-PCR/antigen status and time elapsed since the diagnostic test.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Moreno-Medina
- Research Centre, Fundación Cardioinfantil-Instituto de Cardiología, Bogotá 110131, Colombia
| | - L D Sáenz Pérez
- Research Centre, Fundación Cardioinfantil-Instituto de Cardiología, Bogotá 110131, Colombia
| | - J C Villar
- Research Centre, Fundación Cardioinfantil-Instituto de Cardiología, Bogotá 110131, Colombia
| | - E Váquiro Herrera
- Research Centre, Fundación Cardioinfantil-Instituto de Cardiología, Bogotá 110131, Colombia
| | - J E Pérez Franco
- Infectology, Fundación Cardioinfantil-Instituto de Cardiología, Bogotá 110131, Colombia
| | - F A Varón-Vega
- Intensive Care Unit, Fundación Cardioinfantil-Instituto de Cardiología, Bogotá 110131, Colombia
| | - R Guanes Cortés
- Clinical Laboratory, Fundación Cardioinfantil-Instituto de Cardiología, Bogotá 110131, Colombia
| | - A Steevens Gualdrón
- Clinical Laboratory, Fundación Cardioinfantil-Instituto de Cardiología, Bogotá 110131, Colombia
| | - M S Sarmiento Becerra
- Occupational Health and Safety, Fundación Cardioinfantil-Instituto de Cardiología, Bogotá 110131, Colombia
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Valero C, Barba R, Riancho JA, Santurtún A. Influence of meteorological factors on the severity of COVID-19 in Spain: Observational ecological study. MEDICINA CLINICA (ENGLISH ED.) 2023; 160:327-332. [PMID: 37113113 PMCID: PMC10102867 DOI: 10.1016/j.medcle.2022.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Objectives Evaluating whether meteorological and geographical variables could be associated with the severity of COVID-19 in Spain. Methods An ecological study was performed to analyze the influence of meteorological and geographical factors in hospital admissions and deaths due to COVID-19 in the 52 provinces of Spain (24 coastal and 28 inland regions), during the first three pandemic waves. Medical and mortality data were collected from the Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII) and meteorological variables were requested to the Spanish State Meteorological Agency (AEMET). Results Regarding the diagnosed cases it is remarkable that the percentage of patients hospitalized for COVID-19 was lower in the coastal provinces than in the inland ones (8.7 ± 2.6% vs. 11.5 ± 2.6%; p = 9.9 × 10-5). Furthermore, coastal regions registered a lower percentage of mortality than inland regions (2.0 ± 0.6% vs. 3.1 ± 0.8%; p = 1.7 × 10-5). Mean air temperature was inversely correlated both with COVID-19 hospitalizations (Rho: -0.59; p = 3.0 × 10-6) and mortality (Rho: -0.70; p = 5.3 × 10-9). In those provinces with a mean air temperature <10 °C mortality by COVID-19 was twice that of those with >16 °C. Finally, we found an association between mortality and the location of the province (coastal/inland), altitude, patient age and the average air temperature; the latter was inversely and independently correlated with mortality (non standardised B coeff.: -0.24; IC 95%: -0.31 to -0.16; p = 2.38 × 10-8). Conclusions The average air temperature was inversely associated with COVID-19 mortality in our country during the first three waves of the pandemic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Valero
- Departamento de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, IDIVAL, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Raquel Barba
- Unidad de Medicina Legal, Facultad de Medicina, IDIVAL, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - José A Riancho
- Departamento de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, IDIVAL, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Ana Santurtún
- Unidad de Medicina Legal, Facultad de Medicina, IDIVAL, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Metzger C, Leroy T, Bochnakian A, Jeulin H, Gegout-Petit A, Legrand K, Schvoerer E, Guillemin F. Seroprevalence and SARS-CoV-2 invasion in general populations: A scoping review over the first year of the pandemic. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0269104. [PMID: 37075077 PMCID: PMC10118383 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0269104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 04/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, counting infected people has underestimated asymptomatic cases. This literature scoping review assessed the seroprevalence progression in general populations worldwide over the first year of the pandemic. Seroprevalence studies were searched in PubMed, Web of Science and medRxiv databases up to early April 2021. Inclusion criteria were a general population of all ages or blood donors as a proxy. All articles were screened for the title and abstract by two readers, and data were extracted from selected articles. Discrepancies were resolved with a third reader. From 139 articles (including 6 reviews), the seroprevalence estimated in 41 countries ranged from 0 to 69%, with a heterogenous increase over time and continents, unevenly distributed among countries (differences up to 69%) and sometimes among regions within a country (up to 10%). The seroprevalence of asymptomatic cases ranged from 0% to 31.5%. Seropositivity risk factors included low income, low education, low smoking frequency, deprived area residency, high number of children, densely populated centres, and presence of a case in a household. This review of seroprevalence studies over the first year of the pandemic documented the progression of this virus across the world in time and space and the risk factors that influenced its spread.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clémentine Metzger
- CHRU -Nancy, INSERM, Université de Lorraine, CIC Epidémiologie clinique,
F-54000, Nancy, France
| | - Taylor Leroy
- CHRU -Nancy, INSERM, Université de Lorraine, CIC Epidémiologie clinique,
F-54000, Nancy, France
| | - Agathe Bochnakian
- CHRU -Nancy, INSERM, Université de Lorraine, CIC Epidémiologie clinique,
F-54000, Nancy, France
| | - Hélène Jeulin
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LCPME, F‐54000, Nancy,
France
- Laboratoire de Virologie, CHRU de Nancy Brabois, F‐54500, Nancy,
France
| | | | - Karine Legrand
- CHRU -Nancy, INSERM, Université de Lorraine, CIC Epidémiologie clinique,
F-54000, Nancy, France
| | - Evelyne Schvoerer
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LCPME, F‐54000, Nancy,
France
- Laboratoire de Virologie, CHRU de Nancy Brabois, F‐54500, Nancy,
France
| | - Francis Guillemin
- CHRU -Nancy, INSERM, Université de Lorraine, CIC Epidémiologie clinique,
F-54000, Nancy, France
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
El-Mohandes A, Wyka K, White TM, El-Sadr WM, Rauh L, Vasan A, Greene D, Rabin K, Ratzan SC, Chaudhri S, Kimball S, Lazarus JV. Comparison of Current Attitudes Toward COVID-19 Vaccination in New York City and the US Nationally. JOURNAL OF HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2023; 28:34-44. [PMID: 37390011 DOI: 10.1080/10810730.2023.2208071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 vaccination has resulted in decreased hospitalization and mortality, particularly among those who have received a booster. As new effective pharmaceutical treatments are now available and requirements for non-pharmaceutical interventions (e.g. masking) are relaxed, perceptions of the risk and health consequences of SARS-CoV-2 infection have decreased, risking potential resurgence. This June 2022 cross-sectional comparative study of representative samples in New York City (NYC, n = 2500) and the United States (US, n = 1000) aimed to assess differences in reported vaccine acceptance as well as attitudes toward vaccination mandates and new COVID-19 information and treatments. NYC respondents reported higher COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and support for vaccine mandate than U.S. respondents, yet lower acceptance for the booster dose. Nearly one-third of both NYC and U.S. respondents reported paying less attention to COVID-19 vaccine information than a year earlier, suggesting health communicators may need innovation and creativity to reach those with waning attention to COVID-19-related information.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ayman El-Mohandes
- Graduate School of Public Health & Health Policy, City University of New York (CUNY), New York, New York, USA
| | - Katarzyna Wyka
- Graduate School of Public Health & Health Policy, City University of New York (CUNY), New York, New York, USA
| | - Trenton M White
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Lauren Rauh
- Graduate School of Public Health & Health Policy, City University of New York (CUNY), New York, New York, USA
| | - Ashwin Vasan
- Office of the Commissioner of Health, New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, New York, New York, USA
| | - Danielle Greene
- Graduate School of Public Health & Health Policy, City University of New York (CUNY), New York, New York, USA
| | - Kenneth Rabin
- Graduate School of Public Health & Health Policy, City University of New York (CUNY), New York, New York, USA
| | - Scott C Ratzan
- Graduate School of Public Health & Health Policy, City University of New York (CUNY), New York, New York, USA
| | - Simran Chaudhri
- Office of the Commissioner of Health, New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, New York, New York, USA
| | - Spencer Kimball
- Emerson Polling, Emerson College, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jeffrey V Lazarus
- Graduate School of Public Health & Health Policy, City University of New York (CUNY), New York, New York, USA
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Jorgensen P, Schmid A, Sulo J, Preza I, Hasibra I, Kissling E, Fico A, Sridhar S, Rubin-Smith JE, Kota M, Vasili A, Daja R, Nika M, Pebody R, Lafond KE, Katz MA, Bino S. Factors associated with receipt of COVID-19 vaccination and SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity among healthcare workers in Albania (February 2021-June 2022): secondary analysis of a prospective cohort study. THE LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH. EUROPE 2023; 27:100584. [PMID: 37013112 PMCID: PMC9969343 DOI: 10.1016/j.lanepe.2023.100584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
Background Healthcare workers (HCWs) have been disproportionally affected by COVID-19. We investigated factors associated with two- and three-dose COVID-19 vaccine uptake and SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity among 1504 HCWs enrolled (19 February-7 May 2021) in a prospective COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness cohort in Albania through a secondary analysis. Methods We collected sociodemographic, occupational, health, prior SARS-CoV-2 infection, and COVID-19 vaccination data from all HCWs at enrollment. Vaccination status was assessed weekly through June 2022. A serum sample was collected from all participants at enrollment and tested for anti-spike SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. We analyzed HCWs characteristics and outcomes using multivariable logistic regression. Findings By 11 June 2022, 1337 (88.9%) HCWs had received two COVID-19 vaccine doses, of whom 255 (19.1%) received a booster. Factors significantly associated with receiving three doses (adjusted odds ratio (aOR), 95% CIs) were being ≥35 years (35-44 years: 1.76 (1.05-2.97); 45-54 years: 3.11 (1.92-5.05); ≥55 years: 3.38 (2.04-5.59)) and vaccinated against influenza (1.78; 1.20-2.64). Booster dose receipt was lower among females (0.58; 0.41-0.81), previously infected (0.67; 0.48-0.93), nurses and midwives (0.31; 0.22-0.45), and support staff (0.19; 0.11-0.32). Overall 1076 (72%) were SARS-CoV-2 seropositive at enrollment. Nurses and midwifes (1.45; 1.05-2.02), support staff (1.57; 1.03-2.41), and HCWs performing aerosol-generating procedures (AGPs) (1.40; 1.01-1.94) had higher odds of being seropositive, while smokers had reduced odds (0.55; 0.40-0.75). Interpretation In a large cohort of Albanian HCWs, COVID-19 vaccine booster dose uptake was very low, particularly among younger, female, and non-physician HCWs, despite evidence demonstrating the added benefit of boosters in preventing infection and severe disease. Reasons behind these disparities should be explored to develop targeted strategies in order to promote uptake in this critical population. SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence was higher among non-physicians and HCWs performing APGs. A better understanding of the factors contributing to these differences is needed to inform interventions that could reduce infections in the future. Funding This study was funded by the Task Force for Global Health (US Centers for Disease Control (CDC) cooperative agreement # NU51IP000873) and the World Health Organization, Regional Office for Europe.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pernille Jorgensen
- World Health Organization, Regional Office for Europe, Marmorvej 51, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Alexis Schmid
- Boston Children's Hospital Global Health Program, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jonilda Sulo
- Southeast European Center for Surveillance and Control of Infectious Diseases, Alexander Moisiut Street N.80, 1001, Tirana, Albania
| | - Iria Preza
- Institute of Public Health, Alexander Moisiut Street N.80, 1001, Tirana, Albania
| | - Iris Hasibra
- Institute of Public Health, Alexander Moisiut Street N.80, 1001, Tirana, Albania
| | | | - Albana Fico
- Institute of Public Health, Alexander Moisiut Street N.80, 1001, Tirana, Albania
| | - Shela Sridhar
- Boston Children's Hospital Global Health Program, Boston, MA, USA
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Global Health Equity, 651 Huntington Avenue FXB, Building, 7th Floor, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Majlinda Kota
- Institute of Public Health, Alexander Moisiut Street N.80, 1001, Tirana, Albania
| | - Adela Vasili
- Institute of Public Health, Alexander Moisiut Street N.80, 1001, Tirana, Albania
| | - Rovena Daja
- Institute of Public Health, Alexander Moisiut Street N.80, 1001, Tirana, Albania
| | - Miljana Nika
- Tirana University Hospital “Mother Theresa”, Dibra Street N.372, 1001, Tirana, Albania
| | - Richard Pebody
- World Health Organization, Regional Office for Europe, Marmorvej 51, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kathryn E. Lafond
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Mark A. Katz
- World Health Organization, Regional Office for Europe, Marmorvej 51, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Silvia Bino
- Institute of Public Health, Alexander Moisiut Street N.80, 1001, Tirana, Albania
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Jankovics I, Müller C, Gönczöl É, Visontai I, Varga I, Lőrincz M, Kuti D, Hasitz Á, Malik P, Ursu K, Bányász B, Sarkadi J, Dénes B. Asymptomatic and Mild SARS-CoV-2 Infections in a Hungarian Outpatient Cohort in the First Year of the COVID-19 Pandemic. Trop Med Infect Dis 2023; 8:tropicalmed8040204. [PMID: 37104330 PMCID: PMC10146718 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed8040204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
We aimed to estimate the proportion of the population infected with SARS-CoV-2 in the first year of the pandemic. The study population consisted of outpatient adults with mild or no COVID-19 symptoms and was divided into subpopulations with different levels of exposure. Among the subpopulation without known previous COVID-19 contacts, 4143 patients were investigated. Of the subpopulation with known COVID-19 contacts, 594 patients were investigated. IgG- and IgA-seroprevalence and RT-PCR positivity were determined in context with COVID-19 symptoms. Our results suggested no significant age-related differences between participants for IgG positivity but indicated that COVID-19 symptoms occurred most frequently in people aged between 20 and 29 years. Depending on the study population, 23.4-74.0% PCR-positive people (who were symptomless SARS-CoV-2 carriers at the time of the investigation) were identified. It was also observed that 72.7% of the patients remained seronegative for 30 days or more after their first PCR-positive results. This study hoped to contribute to the scientific understanding of the significance of asymptomatic and mild infections in the long persistence of the pandemic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- István Jankovics
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, 1143 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Cecília Müller
- Department of Chief Medical Officer, National Public Health Centre, 1097 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Éva Gönczöl
- Division of Project Coordination, National Public Health Centre, 1097 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ildikó Visontai
- Division of Project Coordination, National Public Health Centre, 1097 Budapest, Hungary
| | - István Varga
- Division of Project Coordination, National Public Health Centre, 1097 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Márta Lőrincz
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, 1143 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dávid Kuti
- Division of Virology, Department of Reference Laboratory for Microbiology, National Public Health Center, 1097 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ágnes Hasitz
- Family Doctor's Office, 2000 Szentendre, Hungary
| | - Péter Malik
- Veterinary Diagnostic Directorate, National Food Chain Safety Office, 1143 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Krisztina Ursu
- Veterinary Diagnostic Directorate, National Food Chain Safety Office, 1143 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Borbála Bányász
- Veterinary Diagnostic Directorate, National Food Chain Safety Office, 1143 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Júlia Sarkadi
- Division of Virology, Department of Reference Laboratory for Microbiology, National Public Health Center, 1097 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Béla Dénes
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, 1143 Budapest, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Thon V, Piler P, Pavlík T, Andrýsková L, Doležel K, Kostka D, Pikhart H, Bobák M, Klánová J. Investigation of SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in relation to natural infection and vaccination between October 2020 and September 2021 in the Czech Republic: a prospective national cohort study. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e068258. [PMID: 36898746 PMCID: PMC10008433 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-068258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Examine changes in SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity before and during the national vaccination campaign in the Czech Republic. DESIGN Prospective national population-based cohort study. SETTING Masaryk University, RECETOX, Brno. PARTICIPANTS 22 130 persons provided blood samples at two time points approximately 5-7 months apart, between October 2020 and March 2021 (phase I, before vaccination), and between April and September 2021 (during vaccination campaign). OUTCOME MEASURES Antigen-specific humoral immune response was analysed by detection of IgG antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein by commercial chemiluminescent immunoassays. Participants completed a questionnaire that included personal information, anthropometric data, self-reported results of previous RT-PCR tests (if performed), history of symptoms compatible with COVID-19 and records of COVID-19 vaccination. Seroprevalence was compared between calendar periods, previous RT-PCR results, vaccination and other individual characteristics. RESULTS Before vaccination (phase I), seroprevalence increased from 15% in October 2020 to 56% in March 2021. By the end of phase II, in September 2021, prevalence increased to 91%; the highest seroprevalence was seen among vaccinated persons with and without previous SARS-CoV-2 infection (99.7% and 97.2%, respectively), while the lowest seroprevalence was found among unvaccinated persons with no signs of disease (26%). Vaccination rates were lower in persons who were seropositive in phase I but increased with age and body mass index. Only 9% of unvaccinated subjects who were seropositive in phase I became seronegative by phase II. CONCLUSIONS The rapid increase in seropositivity during the second wave of the COVID-19 epidemic (covered by phase I of this study) was followed by a similarly steep rise in seroprevalence during the national vaccination campaign, reaching seropositivity rates of over 97% among vaccinated persons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vojtěch Thon
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Piler
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Pavlík
- Institute of Biostatistics and Analyses, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Andrýsková
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | - David Kostka
- Health Insurance Company of the Ministry of the Interior of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Hynek Pikhart
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Martin Bobák
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Jana Klánová
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Clancy J, Hoffmann CS, Pickett BE. Transcriptomics secondary analysis of severe human infection with SARS-CoV-2 identifies gene expression changes and predicts three transcriptional biomarkers in leukocytes. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2023; 21:1403-1413. [PMID: 36785619 PMCID: PMC9908618 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2023.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 is the causative agent of COVID-19, which has greatly affected human health since it first emerged. Defining the human factors and biomarkers that differentiate severe SARS-CoV-2 infection from mild infection has become of increasing interest to clinicians. To help address this need, we retrieved 269 public RNA-seq human transcriptome samples from GEO that had qualitative disease severity metadata. We then subjected these samples to a robust RNA-seq data processing workflow to calculate gene expression in PBMCs, whole blood, and leukocytes, as well as to predict transcriptional biomarkers in PBMCs and leukocytes. This process involved using Salmon for read mapping, edgeR to calculate significant differential expression levels, and gene ontology enrichment using Camera. We then performed a random forest machine learning analysis on the read counts data to identify genes that best classified samples based on the COVID-19 severity phenotype. This approach produced a ranked list of leukocyte genes based on their Gini values that includes TGFBI, TTYH2, and CD4, which are associated with both the immune response and inflammation. Our results show that these three genes can potentially classify samples with severe COVID-19 with accuracy of ∼88% and an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 92.6--indicating acceptable specificity and sensitivity. We expect that our findings can help contribute to the development of improved diagnostics that may aid in identifying severe COVID-19 cases, guide clinical treatment, and improve mortality rates.
Collapse
|
47
|
Sandie AB, Tejiokem MC, Faye CM, Hamadou A, Abah AA, Mbah SS, Tagnouokam-Ngoupo PA, Njouom R, Eyangoh S, Abanda NK, Diarra M, Ben Miled S, Tchuente M, Tchatchueng-Mbougua JB, Tchatchueng-Mbougua JB. Observed versus estimated actual trend of COVID-19 case numbers in Cameroon: A data-driven modelling. Infect Dis Model 2023; 8:228-239. [PMID: 36776734 PMCID: PMC9905042 DOI: 10.1016/j.idm.2023.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Controlling the COVID-19 outbreak remains a challenge for Cameroon, as it is for many other countries worldwide. The number of confirmed cases reported by health authorities in Cameroon is based on observational data, which is not nationally representative. The actual extent of the outbreak from the time when the first case was reported in the country to now remains unclear. This study aimed to estimate and model the actual trend in the number of COVID -19 new infections in Cameroon from March 05, 2020 to May 31, 2021 based on an observed disaggregated dataset. We used a large disaggregated dataset, and multilevel regression and poststratification model was applied prospectively for COVID-19 cases trend estimation in Cameroon from March 05, 2020 to May 31, 2021. Subsequently, seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average (SARIMA) modeling was used for forecasting purposes. Based on the prospective MRP modeling findings, a total of about 7450935 (30%) of COVID-19 cases was estimated from March 05, 2020 to May 31, 2021 in Cameroon. Generally, the reported number of COVID-19 infection cases in Cameroon during this period underestimated the estimated actual number by about 94 times. The forecasting indicated a succession of two waves of the outbreak in the next two years following May 31, 2021. If no action is taken, there could be many waves of the outbreak in the future. To avoid such situations which could be a threat to global health, public health authorities should effectively monitor compliance with preventive measures in the population and implement strategies to increase vaccination coverage in the population.
Collapse
Key Words
- ACF, Autocorrelation Function
- AIC, Akaike information criterion
- COVID-19
- COVID-19, Coronavirus Disease 2019
- Cameroon
- Forecasting
- MAE, Mean Absolute Error
- MAPE, Mean Absolute Percentage Error
- MASE, Mean Absolute Scaled Error
- ME, Mean Error
- MPE, Mean Percentage Error
- MRP, Multilevel Regression and Post-stratification
- Observed
- PACF, Partial Autocorrelation Function
- PLACARD, Platform for Collecting, Analyzing and Reporting Data
- Post-stratification
- SARIMA, Seasonal Autoregressive integrated moving average
- SARS-CoV-2, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2
- Underestimated
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arsène Brunelle Sandie
- African Population and Health Research Center, West Africa Regional Office, Dakar, Senegal,Centre Pasteur du Cameroon, membre du Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur, Cameroon,Corresponding author. African Population and Health Research Center, West Africa Regional Office, Dakar, Senegal.
| | | | - Cheikh Mbacké Faye
- African Population and Health Research Center, West Africa Regional Office, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Achta Hamadou
- Centre Pasteur du Cameroon, membre du Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur, Cameroon
| | - Aristide Abah Abah
- Direction de la lutte contre les Maladies épidémiques et les pandémies, Ministère de la santé publique, Cameroon
| | - Serge Sadeuh Mbah
- Centre Pasteur du Cameroon, membre du Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur, Cameroon
| | | | - Richard Njouom
- Centre Pasteur du Cameroon, membre du Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur, Cameroon
| | - Sara Eyangoh
- Centre Pasteur du Cameroon, membre du Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur, Cameroon
| | - Ngu Karl Abanda
- Centre Pasteur du Cameroon, membre du Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur, Cameroon
| | | | | | - Maurice Tchuente
- Fondation pour la recherche l'ingénierie et l'innovation, Cameroon,IRD UMI 209 UMMISCO, University of Yaounde I, P.O. Box 337, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Jules Brice Tchatchueng-Mbougua
- Centre Pasteur du Cameroon, membre du Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur, Cameroon,IRD UMI 209 UMMISCO, University of Yaounde I, P.O. Box 337, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Jules Brice Tchatchueng-Mbougua
- Centre Pasteur du Cameroon, membre du Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur, Cameroon,IRD UMI 209 UMMISCO, University of Yaounde I, P.O. Box 337, Yaounde, Cameroon
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Alfouzan W, Altawalah H, AlSarraf A, Alali W, Al-Fadalah T, Al-Ghimlas F, Alajmi S, Alajmi M, AlRoomi E, Jeragh A, Dhar R. Changing Patterns of SARS-CoV-2 Seroprevalence: A Snapshot among the General Population in Kuwait. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11020336. [PMID: 36851214 PMCID: PMC9963614 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11020336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We sought to assess pre-vaccination and post-vaccination seroprevalences of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in Kuwait and to compare antibody levels between vaccine types. In phase 1 (pre-vaccination period, n = 19,363), blood samples were collected before the launch of COVID-19 vaccination in Kuwait between 1 September and 31 December 2020. Blood samples for phase 2 (post-vaccination period, n = 4973) were collected between 1 September and 30 November 2021. We tested subjects for anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies using the DiaSorin LIAISON® SARS-CoV-2 IgM and Trimeric S IgG tests. In the pre-vaccination period, the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 IgM and IgG was 14.50% (95% CI: 14.01-15.00) and 24.89% (95% CI: 24.29-25.50), respectively. The trend of seropositivity increased with age and was higher for females and non-Kuwaiti participants (p < 0.0001). Interestingly, seroprevalence was significantly higher for those who had received one dose of BNT162b2 (95.21%) than those who had received one dose of ChAdOx1-nCov-19 (92.86%). In addition, those who reported receiving two doses had higher seroprevalence, 96.25%, 95.86%, and 94.93% for ChA-dOx1-nCov-19/AstraZeneca, mix-and-match, and BNT162b2 recipients, respectively. After the second dose, median spike-specific responses showed no significant difference between ChAdOx1-nCov-19 and BNT162b2. Furthermore, statistical analysis showed no significant difference between median anti-trimeric S antibody levels of vaccinated individuals according to sex, age, or nationality (p > 0.05). In contrast, a negative correlation between age and anti-trimeric S IgG titers of BNT162b2-vaccinated subjects was observed (r = -0.062, p = 0.0009). Antibody levels decreased with time after vaccination with both vaccines. Our findings indicate that seroprevalence was very low during the pre-vaccination period (25%) in the general population and was greater than 95% in the vaccinated population in Kuwait. Furthermore, ChAdOx1-nCov-19 and BNT162b2 are effective in generating a similar humoral response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wadha Alfouzan
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait City 46300, Kuwait
- Microbiology Unit, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Farwania Hospital, Ministry of Health, Kuwait City 85000, Kuwait
- Correspondence:
| | - Haya Altawalah
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait City 46300, Kuwait
- Virology Unit, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kuwait Cancer Control Center, Ministry of Health, Kuwait City 20001, Kuwait
| | - Ahmad AlSarraf
- Biochemitry Unit, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kuwait Cancer Control Center, Ministry of Health, Kuwait City 20001, Kuwait
| | - Walid Alali
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Public Health, Kuwait University, Kuwait City 13110, Kuwait
| | - Talal Al-Fadalah
- Quality and Accreditation Directorate, Ministry of Health, Kuwait City 13001, Kuwait
| | - Fahad Al-Ghimlas
- Public Health Directorate, Ministry of Health, Kuwait City 20001, Kuwait
| | - Saud Alajmi
- Ahmadi Hospital, Administration Chief Clinical Services and Chief Supportive Clinical Services, Kuwait City 13126, Kuwait
| | - Mubarak Alajmi
- Ahmadi Hospital, Administration Chief Clinical Services and Chief Supportive Clinical Services, Kuwait City 13126, Kuwait
| | - Ebtehal AlRoomi
- Microbiology Unit, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Jahra Hospital, Ministry of Health, Jahra 00020, Kuwait
| | - Ahlam Jeragh
- Microbiology Unit, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Adan Hospital, Ministry of Health, Kuwait City 46969, Kuwait
| | - Rita Dhar
- Microbiology Unit, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Farwania Hospital, Ministry of Health, Kuwait City 85000, Kuwait
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Naeimi R, Sepidarkish M, Mollalo A, Parsa H, Mahjour S, Safarpour F, Almukhtar M, Mechaal A, Chemaitelly H, Sartip B, Marhoommirzabak E, Ardekani A, Hotez PJ, Gasser RB, Rostami A. SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in children worldwide: A systematic review and meta-analysis. EClinicalMedicine 2023; 56:101786. [PMID: 36590788 PMCID: PMC9795163 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The higher hospitalisation rates of those aged 0-19 years (referred to herein as 'children') observed since the emergence of the immune-evasive SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant and subvariants, along with the persisting vaccination disparities highlighted a need for in-depth knowledge of SARS-CoV-2 sero-epidemiology in children. Here, we conducted this systematic review to assess SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence and determinants in children worldwide. Methods In this systematic review and meta-analysis study, we searched international and preprinted scientific databases from December 1, 2019 to July 10, 2022. Pooled seroprevalences were estimated according to World Health Organization (WHO) regions (at 95% confidence intervals, CIs) using random-effects meta-analyses. Associations with SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence and sources of heterogeneity were investigated using sub-group and meta-regression analyses. The protocol used in this study has been registered in PROSPERO (CRD42022350833). Findings We included 247 studies involving 757,075 children from 70 countries. Seroprevalence estimates varied from 7.3% (5.8-9.1%) in the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic to 37.6% (18.1-59.4%) in the fifth wave and 56.6% (52.8-60.5%) in the sixth wave. The highest seroprevalences in different pandemic waves were estimated for South-East Asia (17.9-81.8%) and African (17.2-66.1%) regions; while the lowest seroprevalence was estimated for the Western Pacific region (0.01-1.01%). Seroprevalence estimates were higher in children at older ages, in those living in underprivileged countries or regions, and in those of minority ethnic backgrounds. Interpretation Our findings indicate that, by the end of 2021 and before the Omicron wave, around 50-70% of children globally were still susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection, clearly emphasising the need for more effective vaccines and better vaccination coverage among children and adolescents, particularly in developing countries and minority ethnic groups. Funding None.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reza Naeimi
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Mahdi Sepidarkish
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Mollalo
- Department of Public Health and Prevention Science, School of Health Sciences, Baldwin Wallace University, Berea, OH, USA
| | - Hamid Parsa
- Department of Neurology, University of Visayas, Gullas College of Medicine, Cebu City, 600 Cebu, Philippines
| | - Sanaz Mahjour
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Fatemeh Safarpour
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | | | - Amal Mechaal
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, USA
| | - Hiam Chemaitelly
- Infectious Disease Epidemiology Group, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Cornell University, Doha, Qatar
- World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Disease Epidemiology Analytics on HIV/AIDS, Sexually Transmitted Infections and Viral Hepatitis, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Qatar-Foundation-Education City, Cornell University, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, USA
| | - Behnam Sartip
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Elika Marhoommirzabak
- Department of Neurology, University of Visayas, Gullas College of Medicine, Cebu City, 600 Cebu, Philippines
| | - Ali Ardekani
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Peter J. Hotez
- Texas Children's Hospital Center for Vaccine Development, Department of Pediatrics and Molecular Virology and Microbiology, National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Robin B. Gasser
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ali Rostami
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Ka'e AC, Fokam J, Togna Pabo WLR, Nanfack A, Ngoufack Jagni Semengue E, Bouba Y, Nka AD, Tetang S, Beloumou G, Takou D, Chenwi C, Tommo Tchouaket MC, Abba A, Djupsa S, Sosso SM, Pamen NB, Otshudiema JO, Boum Y, Colizzi V, Ndjolo A, Perno CF, Ceccherini-Silberstein F, Santoro MM. Evaluation of archived drug resistance mutations in HIV-1 DNA among vertically infected adolescents under antiretroviral treatment in Cameroon: Findings during the COVID-19 pandemic. HIV Med 2023. [PMID: 36717222 DOI: 10.1111/hiv.13459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the success of antiretroviral therapy (ART), children born with HIV are more likely to reach adolescence. However, frequent non-adherence to ART in adolescents living with HIV (ALHIV) leads to viral replication. Notably, a viraemic infection might lead to archived drug resistance mutations (ADRMs). Hence, within the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, we aimed to compare the patterns of ADRMs in viraemic and non-viraemic vertically infected ALHIV and to assess their immunity to and diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2. METHODS A comparative study was conducted among COVID-19-unvaccinated ALHIV receiving ART in Yaoundé-Cameroon over the period October 2021 to March 2022. Plasma HIV-RNA was measured using Abbott® m2000rt; HIV-1 genotyping was performed on buffy-coat (HIV-1 DNA) and ADRMs were interpreted using HIVdb.v9.0.1. Patterns of HIV-1 ADRMs were compared between viraemic (≥ 1.60 log10 HIV-1 RNA copies/ml) and non-viraemic (< 1.60 log10 copies/ml) individuals. SARS-CoV-2 antibodies were assessed on whole blood using Abbott Panbio COVID-19 immunoglobulin G/M (IgG/IgM) rapid test and COVID-19 polymerase chain reaction test was performed using nasopharyngeal swab samples. RESULTS Of the 60 ALHIV [aged 17 (16-19) years, 51.6% female], median ART duration was 14 (12-16) years; 31/55 (56.3%) were exposed to nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI)-based first-line ART (of whom 19/31 transitioned to dolutegravir-based ART in 2020) and 24/55 (43.6%) were on second-line ART. Forty-two out of 60 (70.0%) ALHIV were non-viraemic; 43/60 (71.6%) were successfully sequenced. Overall the ADRM rate was 62.7% (27/43), with 69.2% (9/13) viraemic and 60.0% (18/30) non-viraemic (p = 0.56). NNRTI-ADRMs were significantly higher among viraemic ALHIV (69.2% vs. 46.7%, p = 0.030). Regarding immunity, those with CD4 nadir < 350 cells/μl had significantly higher rates of ADRMs [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 3.20 (1.36-95.53), p = 0.03]. In relation to COVID-19 immunity, overall SARS-CoV-2 IgG seropositivity was 28.3% (17/60), whereas 0% (0/60) were seropositive to IgM; in particular, those with CD4 count nadir ≥ 350 cells/μl had higher odds of SARS-CoV-2 IgG seropositivity [OR =7.85 (2.03-30.28), p < 0.01]. No significant association was found between SARS-CoV-2 IgG seropositivity and HIV-RNA (non-viraemic, 33.3%; viraemic, 16.7%; p = 0.18). SARS-CoV-2 RNA prevalence was 4.5% (2/44). The two positive participants were with low-levels of viral load (Ct > 30) and seropositive to IgG. CONCLUSION In the context of virological success, the majority of ALHIV harbour ADRMs, essentially driven by NNRTI mutations and low CD4 nadir. During the current pandemic, about one-third of ALHIV were previously exposed to SARS-CoV-2. However, some children might have been exposed and uninfected and others might have been infected but showed no serological response at sampling. These findings support the use of NNRTI-sparing regimens and the implementation of COVID-19 barrier measures targeting ALHIV during such a pandemic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aude Christelle Ka'e
- Chantal Biya International Reference Centre (CIRCB), Yaounde, Cameroon.,PhD Courses in Microbiology, Immunology, Infectious Diseases and Transplants (MIMIT), University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Joseph Fokam
- Chantal Biya International Reference Centre (CIRCB), Yaounde, Cameroon.,Faculty of Science University of Buea, University of Yaounde I, Geneva, Switzerland.,Faculty of Medecine and Biomedical Science, University of Yaounde I, Geneva, Switzerland.,IAS Research Cure Academy, Geneva, Switzerland.,National Public Health Emergencies Operations Coordination Centre, Ministry of Public Health, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Willy Le Roi Togna Pabo
- Chantal Biya International Reference Centre (CIRCB), Yaounde, Cameroon.,Faculty of Science University of Buea, University of Yaounde I, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Aubin Nanfack
- Chantal Biya International Reference Centre (CIRCB), Yaounde, Cameroon.,IAS Research Cure Academy, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ezechiel Ngoufack Jagni Semengue
- Chantal Biya International Reference Centre (CIRCB), Yaounde, Cameroon.,University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy.,Evangelic University of Cameroon, Bandjoun, Cameroon
| | - Yagai Bouba
- Chantal Biya International Reference Centre (CIRCB), Yaounde, Cameroon.,National AIDS Control Committee (NACC), Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Alex Durand Nka
- Chantal Biya International Reference Centre (CIRCB), Yaounde, Cameroon.,University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy.,Evangelic University of Cameroon, Bandjoun, Cameroon
| | | | - Grace Beloumou
- Chantal Biya International Reference Centre (CIRCB), Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Desire Takou
- Chantal Biya International Reference Centre (CIRCB), Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Collins Chenwi
- Chantal Biya International Reference Centre (CIRCB), Yaounde, Cameroon.,PhD Courses in Microbiology, Immunology, Infectious Diseases and Transplants (MIMIT), University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | | | - Aissatou Abba
- Chantal Biya International Reference Centre (CIRCB), Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Sandrine Djupsa
- Chantal Biya International Reference Centre (CIRCB), Yaounde, Cameroon
| | | | - Nounouce Bouba Pamen
- Department of Disease, Epidemic and Pandemic Conrol, Ministry of Public Health, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | | | - Yap Boum
- Faculty of Medecine and Biomedical Science, University of Yaounde I, Geneva, Switzerland.,National Public Health Emergencies Operations Coordination Centre, Ministry of Public Health, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | | | - Alexis Ndjolo
- Chantal Biya International Reference Centre (CIRCB), Yaounde, Cameroon
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|