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Vigil K, Wu H, Aw TG. A systematic review on global zoonotic virus-associated mortality events in marine mammals. One Health 2024; 19:100872. [PMID: 39206255 PMCID: PMC11357810 DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2024.100872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 08/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Marine mammals play a critical role as sentinels for tracking the spread of zoonotic diseases, with viruses being the primary causative factor behind infectious disease induced mortality events. A systematic review was conducted to document marine mammal mortality events attributed to zoonotic viral infections in published literature across the globe. This rigorous search strategy yielded 2883 studies with 88 meeting inclusion criteria. The studies spanned from 1989 to 2023, with a peak in publications observed in 2020. Most of the included studies were retrospective, providing valuable insights into historical trends. The United States (U.S.) reported the highest number of mortality events followed by Spain, Italy, Brazil and the United Kingdom. Harbor seals were the most impacted species, particularly in regions like Anholt, Denmark and the New England Coast, U.S. Analysis revealed six main viruses responsible for mortality events, with Morbillivirus causing the highest proportion of deaths. Notably, the occurrence of these viral events varied geographically, with distinct patterns observed in different regions. Immunohistochemistry emerged as the most employed detection method. This study underscores the importance of global surveillance efforts in understanding and mitigating the impact of viral infections on marine mammal populations, thereby emphasizing the necessity of collaborative One Health approaches to address emerging threats at the human-animal-environment interface. Additionally, the potential transfer of zoonotic viruses to aquatic organisms used in food production, such as fish and shellfish, highlights the broader implications for food safety, food security and public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie Vigil
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Huiyun Wu
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Tiong Gim Aw
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
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2
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Cervera L, Arizcun M, Mercado L, Chaves-Pozo E, Cuesta A. Synthetic antimicrobial Nkl and Dic peptides are immunomodulatory but only Dic peptide can be therapeutic against nodavirus infection. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 152:109772. [PMID: 39019125 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
Aquaculture is a prosperous economic sector threatened by viral infections. Among the viruses threatening fish culture, Betanodavirus (NNV) is extremely important in the Mediterranean Sea affecting to highly traded species as European sea bass. In this context, application of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) has arisen as a potential biotechnological tool. The aim of this work was to evaluate the therapeutic application of two European sea bass-derived AMPs, NK-lysin (Nkl) and dicentracin (Dic), against NNV infections. Synthetic Dic peptide was able to significantly reduce NNV-induced mortalities while Nkl failed to do so. Although neither Dic nor Nkl peptides were able to alter the transcriptional levels of NNV and the number of infected cells, Nkl seemed to increase the viral load per cell. Interestingly, both Nkl and Dic peptides showed immunomodulatory roles. For instance, our data revealed an interplay among different AMPs, at both gene and protein levels. Otherwise, Nkl and Dic peptides provoked an anti-inflammatory balance upon NNV infection, as well as the recruitment of macrophages and B cells to the target site of the infection, the brain. In conclusion, Dic can be proposed as a therapeutic candidate to combat NNV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Cervera
- Immunobiology for Aquaculture Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain; Centro Oceanográfico de Murcia, Instituto Español de Oceanografía (COMU-IEO), CSIC, Carretera de la Azohía s/n, Puerto de Mazarrón, 30860, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Marta Arizcun
- Centro Oceanográfico de Murcia, Instituto Español de Oceanografía (COMU-IEO), CSIC, Carretera de la Azohía s/n, Puerto de Mazarrón, 30860, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Luis Mercado
- Grupo de Marcadores Inmunológicos, Laboratorio de Genética e Inmunología Molecular, Instituto de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile.
| | - Elena Chaves-Pozo
- Centro Oceanográfico de Murcia, Instituto Español de Oceanografía (COMU-IEO), CSIC, Carretera de la Azohía s/n, Puerto de Mazarrón, 30860, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Alberto Cuesta
- Immunobiology for Aquaculture Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain.
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3
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Meira CM, Carriero MM, Pereira NL, Rihs PGM, Lázaro TM, Rocha NRA, Maia AAM. Immunological effects of DNA vaccination and interleukin utilization as an adjuvant in Astyanax lacustris immunized against Ichthyophthirius multifiliis. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2024; 47:e13979. [PMID: 38879867 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 08/09/2024]
Abstract
The increasing significance of the aquaculture sector and commercially valuable species underscores the need to develop alternatives for controlling diseases such as Ichthyophthirius multifiliis-induced ichthyophthiriasis. This ciliated protozoan parasite threatens nearly all freshwater fish species, causing substantial losses in the fishery industry. Despite this, effective large-scale treatments are lacking, emphasizing the necessity of adopting preventive strategies. While the pathogenesis of ichthyophthiriasis and its immune stimulation allows for vaccination strategies, precise adjustments are crucial to ensure the production of an effective vaccine compound. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the impact of immunizing Astyanax lacustris with a genetic vaccine containing IAG52A from I. multifiliis and the molecular adjuvant IL-8 from A. lacustris. Transcript analysis in immunized A. lacustris indicated mRNA production in fish muscles, demonstrating an expression of this mRNA. Fish were divided into five groups, receiving different vaccine formulations, and all groups received a booster dose 14 days after the initial immunization. Samples from vaccinated fish showed increased IL-1β mRNA expression in the spleen within 6 h post the second dose and after 14 days. In the head kidney, IL-1β mRNA expression showed no significant difference at 6 and 24 h but an increase was noted in fish injected with IAG and IAG + IL-8 after 14 days. IL-8 mRNA expression in the spleen and kidney did not significantly differ from the control group. Histological analysis revealed no variation in leukocyte concentration at 6 and 24 h post-vaccination; however, after 14 days, the groups injected with IAG and IAG + IL-8 exhibited a higher leukocyte density at the application sites than the control. The obtained data suggest that the used vaccine is transcribed, indicating its potential to stimulate innate immune response parameters through mRNA cytokine expression and leukocyte migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Munhoz Meira
- Laboratory of Immunology of Parasites, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering (FZEA), University of São Paulo (USP), av. Duque de Caxias Norte, São Paulo City, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mateus Maldonado Carriero
- Laboratory of Immunology of Parasites, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering (FZEA), University of São Paulo (USP), av. Duque de Caxias Norte, São Paulo City, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nycolas Levy Pereira
- Laboratory of Zootechnical Hygiene, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering (FZEA), University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo City, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Pedro Gustavo Macedo Rihs
- Laboratory of Immunology of Parasites, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering (FZEA), University of São Paulo (USP), av. Duque de Caxias Norte, São Paulo City, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Talita Maria Lázaro
- Laboratory of Zootechnical Hygiene, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering (FZEA), University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo City, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nathalia Raissa Alcântara Rocha
- Laboratory of Zootechnical Hygiene, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering (FZEA), University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo City, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Antonio Augusto Mendes Maia
- Laboratory of Immunology of Parasites, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering (FZEA), University of São Paulo (USP), av. Duque de Caxias Norte, São Paulo City, São Paulo, Brazil
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Zheng Y, Guo G, Lv Y, Gao Q, Zhou D, Zhang L, Tu G, Weng S, Li C, He J, Wang M. A Chromosome-level genome assembly of giant river prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii). Sci Data 2024; 11:935. [PMID: 39198485 PMCID: PMC11358405 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-024-03804-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The giant river prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) is one of the most widely cultured crustacean species. In recent years, its aquaculture has faced challenges, including the degradation of germplasm resources and the emergence of viral diseases. Genomic information can be a valuable resource for developing molecular breeding programs for this important aquaculture species. Here we constructed a high-quality reference genome for M. rosenbergii by integrating Nanopore, Illumina, and high-throughput chromosome conformation capture (Hi-C) technologies. The final genome assembly is 3.18 Gb in size, with scaffold N50 and contig N50 of 62.73 Mb and 8.92 Mb, respectively. Approximately 98.6% of the assembled sequences were anchored into 59 pseudo-chromosomes. Benchmarking Universal Single-Copy Orthologs (BUSCO) benchmark of the genome assembly reached 94.5%. Repetitive sequences comprise 43.77% of the assembled genome, and 17,436 protein-coding genes were annotated. The high-quality genome of M. rosenbergii will empower molecular breeding efforts and provide invaluable resources for comparative genomic analysis of decapod species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zheng
- School of Marine Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, China
| | - Guangyu Guo
- School of Marine Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, China
| | - Yanrong Lv
- School of Marine Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, China
| | - Qiang Gao
- Zhejiang Institute of Freshwater Fisheries, Huzhou, 313000, China
- Zhejiang Aquaculture Seed Co., Ltd, Huzhou, 313000, China
| | - Dandan Zhou
- School of Marine Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, China
| | - Long Zhang
- School of Marine Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, China
| | - Guangxian Tu
- School of Marine Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, China
| | - Shaoping Weng
- China-ASEAN Belt and Road Joint Laboratory on Mariculture Technology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Chaozheng Li
- School of Marine Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, China
- China-ASEAN Belt and Road Joint Laboratory on Mariculture Technology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Jianguo He
- School of Marine Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, China.
- China-ASEAN Belt and Road Joint Laboratory on Mariculture Technology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China.
| | - Muhua Wang
- School of Marine Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, China.
- China-ASEAN Belt and Road Joint Laboratory on Mariculture Technology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China.
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Bray JP, Hewitt CLR, Hulme PE. Bridging aquatic invasive species threats across multiple sectors through One Biosecurity. Bioscience 2024; 74:440-449. [PMID: 39156613 PMCID: PMC11328144 DOI: 10.1093/biosci/biae049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Understanding the magnitude of biosecurity risks in aquatic environments is increasingly complex and urgent because increasing volumes of international shipping, rising demand for aquaculture products, and growth in the global aquarium trade, are accelerating invasive alien species spread worldwide. These threats are especially pressing amid climate and biodiversity crises. However, global and national biosecurity systems are poorly prepared to respond because of fragmented research and policy environments, that often fail to account for risks across sectors or across stakeholder needs and fail to recognize similarities in the processes underpinning biological invasions. In the present article, we illustrate the complex network of links between biosecurity threats across human, animal, plant, and environment sectors and propose a universal approach to risk assessment. One Biosecurity is a holistic, interdisciplinary approach that minimizes biosecurity risks across human, animal, plant, algal, and ecosystem health and is critical to reduce redundancy and increase cross-sectoral cohesion to improve policy, management, and research in aquatic biosecurity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Peter Bray
- The Centre for One Biosecurity Research, Analysis and Synthesis
- Department of Pest-Management and Conservation at Lincoln University, Christchurch, Canterbury, New Zealand
| | | | - Philip Eric Hulme
- The Centre for One Biosecurity Research, Analysis and Synthesis
- Department of Pest-Management and Conservation at Lincoln University, Christchurch, Canterbury, New Zealand
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6
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García-Beltrán JM, Johnstone C, Arizcun M, Cuesta A, Pérez M, Chaves-Pozo E. The susceptibility of shi drum juveniles to betanodavirus increases with rearing densities in a process mediated by neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1304603. [PMID: 38933269 PMCID: PMC11200141 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1304603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Nervous necrosis virus (NNV) is one of the greatest threats to Mediterranean aquaculture, infecting more than 170 fish species and causing mortalities up to 100% in larvae and juveniles of susceptible species. Intensive aquaculture implies stressed conditions that affect the welfare of fish and their ability to fight against infections. In fact, a higher susceptibility to NNV has been related to poor welfare conditions. In order to analyze the physiological link between stressed conditions and increased susceptibility to NNV, as well as its possible role in the pathogenesis of this disease, we reared shi drum (Umbrina cirrosa) juveniles (30.7 ± 3.10 g body weight), which are expected to be asymptomatic upon NNV infection, at three stocking densities (2, 15, and 30 kg/m3) for 27 days and subsequently challenged them with NNV. We firstly characterized the stressed conditions of the specimens before and after infection and recorded the mortalities, demonstrating that stressed specimens reared at 30 kg/m3 suffered mortalities. However, the viral loads in different tissues were similar in all experimental groups, allowing horizontal and vertical transmission of the virus from asymptomatic specimens. All of these data suggest that shi drum tolerates wide ranges of culture densities, although high densities might be a setback for controlling NNV outbreaks in this species. In an attempt to understand the molecular pathways orchestrating this susceptibility change in stressed conditions, we performed a transcriptomic analysis of four tissues under mock- and NNV-infected conditions. In addition to the modification of the exceptive pathways such as cell adhesion, leukocyte migration, cytokine interaction, cell proliferation and survival, and autophagy, we also observed a heavy alteration of the neuroactive ligand-receptor pathway in three of the four tissues analyzed. Our data also point to some of the receptors of this pathway as potential candidates for future pharmacological treatment to avoid the exacerbated immune response that could trigger fish mortalities upon NNV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- José María García-Beltrán
- Physiology and Welfare of Marine Species Group (PHYSIS), Centro Oceanográfico de Murcia, Instituto Español de Oceanografía (COMU-IEO), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Murcia, Spain
- Immunobiology for Aquaculture Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Carolina Johnstone
- Physiology and Welfare of Marine Species Group (PHYSIS), Centro Oceanográfico de Málaga, Instituto Español de Oceanografía (COMA-IEO), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Málaga, Spain
| | - Marta Arizcun
- Physiology and Welfare of Marine Species Group (PHYSIS), Centro Oceanográfico de Murcia, Instituto Español de Oceanografía (COMU-IEO), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Murcia, Spain
| | - Alberto Cuesta
- Immunobiology for Aquaculture Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Montse Pérez
- Centro Oceanográfico de Vigo, Instituto Español de Oceanografía (COV-IEO), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Vigo, Spain
| | - Elena Chaves-Pozo
- Physiology and Welfare of Marine Species Group (PHYSIS), Centro Oceanográfico de Murcia, Instituto Español de Oceanografía (COMU-IEO), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Murcia, Spain
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Zhang B, Yan L, Lin C, Liu Y, Zhao C, Wang P, Zhang B, Zhang Y, Qiu L. Asymmetric evolution of ISG15 homologs and the immune adaptation to LBUSV infection in spotted seabass (Lateolabrax maculatus). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 148:109441. [PMID: 38354965 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
The battle between host and viral is ubiquitous across all ecosystems. Despite this, research is scarce on the antiviral characteristics of fish, particularly in those that primarily rely on innate immune responses. This study, comprehensively explored the genetic and antiviral features of ISG15 in spotted seabass, focusing on its response to largemouth bass ulcerative syndrome virus (LBUSV). Through whole-genome BLAST and PCR cloning, two ISG15 homologs, namely LmISG15a and LmISG15b, were identified in spotted seabass, both encoding highly conserved proteins. However, a distinctive contrast emerged in their expression patterns, with LmISG15a exhibiting high expression in immune organs while LmISG15b remained largely silent across various organs. Regulatory elements analysis indicated an asymmetric evolution of the two ISG15s, with the minimal expression of LmISG15b may attribute to the loss of a necessary ISRE and an additional instability "ATTTA" motif. Association analysis demonstrated a significant correlation between LmISG15a expression and LBUSV infection. Subsequent antiviral activity detection revealed that LmISG15a interacted with LBUSV, inhibiting its replication by activating ISGylation and downstream pro-inflammatory mediators. In summary, this study unveils a distinct evolutionary strategy of fish antiviral gene ISG15 and delineates its kinetic characteristics in response to LBUSV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing, Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China; Sanya Tropical Fisheries Research Institute, Sanya, China.
| | - Lulu Yan
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing, Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China; Sanya Tropical Fisheries Research Institute, Sanya, China
| | - Changhong Lin
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing, Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China; College of Aqua-life Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing, Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chao Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing, Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China; Sanya Tropical Fisheries Research Institute, Sanya, China
| | - Pengfei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing, Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China; Sanya Tropical Fisheries Research Institute, Sanya, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing, Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China; Sanya Tropical Fisheries Research Institute, Sanya, China.
| | - Yanhong Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lihua Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing, Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China; Sanya Tropical Fisheries Research Institute, Sanya, China.
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Solarte-Murillo L, Reyes H, Ojeda L, Cárcamo JG, Pontigo JP, Loncoman CA. Analyses and Insights into Genetic Reassortment and Natural Selection as Key Drivers of Piscine orthoreovirus Evolution. Viruses 2024; 16:556. [PMID: 38675898 PMCID: PMC11053957 DOI: 10.3390/v16040556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Piscine orthoreovirus (PRV) is a pathogen that causes heart and skeletal muscle inflammation in Salmo salar and has also been linked to circulatory disorders in other farmed salmonids, such as Oncorhynchus kisutch and Oncorhynchus mykiss. The virus has a segmented, double-stranded RNA genome, which makes it possible to undergo genetic reassortment and increase its genomic diversity through point mutations. In this study, genetic reassortment in PRV was assessed using the full genome sequences available in public databases. This study used full genome sequences that were concatenated and genome-wide reassortment events, and phylogenetic analyses were performed using the recombination/reassortment detection program version 5 (RDP5 V 5.5) software. Additionally, each segment was aligned codon by codon, and overall mean distance and selection was tested using the Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis X software, version 10.2 (MEGA X version 10.2). The results showed that there were 17 significant reassortment events in 12 reassortant sequences, involving genome exchange between low and highly virulent genotypes. PRV sequences from different salmonid host species did not appear to limit the reassortment. This study found that PRV frequently undergoes reassortment events to increase the diversity of its segmented genome, leading to antigenic variation and increased virulence. This study also noted that to date, no reassortment events have been described between PRV-1 and PRV-3 genotypes. However, the number of complete genomic sequences within each genotype is uneven. This is important because PRV-3 induces cross-protection against PRV-1, making it a potential vaccine candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Solarte-Murillo
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile;
| | - Humberto Reyes
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile;
| | - Loreto Ojeda
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica Farmacológica, Virología y Biotecnología, Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile
- Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research, INCAR, Concepción 4030000, Chile
| | - Juan G. Cárcamo
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica Farmacológica, Virología y Biotecnología, Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile
- Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research, INCAR, Concepción 4030000, Chile
| | - Juan Pablo Pontigo
- Laboratorio Institucional, Facultad de Ciencias de la Naturaleza, Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad San Sebastián, Puerto Montt 5400000, Chile;
| | - Carlos A. Loncoman
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile;
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Lusiastuti AM, Suhermanto A, Hastilestari BR, Suryanto S, Mawardi M, Sugiani D, Syahidah D, Sudaryatma PE, Caruso D. Impact of temperature on the virulence of Streptococcus agalactiae in Indonesian aquaculture: A better vaccine design is required. Vet World 2024; 17:682-689. [PMID: 38680157 PMCID: PMC11045521 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2024.682-689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Due to their poikilothermic nature, fish are very sensitive to changes in temperature. Due to climate change, the average global temperature has increased by 1.5°C in the last century, which may have caused an increase in farmed fish mortality recently. Predictions using the model estimate that a 1°C increase in temperature could cause 3%-4% and 4%-6% mortality due to infectious diseases in organisms living in warm and temperate waters, respectively. There is a need to determine whether there is a relationship between increasing environmental temperature and disease virulence. This review examines the influence and impact of increasing temperatures due to climate change on the physiology and pathogenicity of Streptococcus agalactiae, which causes streptococcosis in tilapia and causes significant economic losses. Changes in the pathogenicity of S. agalactiae, especially its virulence properties due to increasing temperature, require changes in the composition design of the fish vaccine formula to provide better protection through the production of protective antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Mariana Lusiastuti
- Research Center for Veterinary Sciences, National Research and Innovation Agency, KST BRIN Soekarno Cibinong Bogor, 16911, Jawa Barat, Indonesia
| | - Achmad Suhermanto
- The Marine and Fisheries Polytechnic Karawang, The Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries Indonesia
| | | | - Suryanto Suryanto
- Research Center for Fisheries, National Research and Innovation Agency, Indonesia
| | - Mira Mawardi
- Main Center for Freshwater Aquaculture – The Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries, Jl. Selabintana No. 37, Selabatu, Kec. Cikole, Kota Sukabumi, Jawa Barat 43114, Indonesia
| | - Desy Sugiani
- Research Center for Veterinary Sciences, National Research and Innovation Agency, KST BRIN Soekarno Cibinong Bogor, 16911, Jawa Barat, Indonesia
| | - Dewi Syahidah
- Research Center for Veterinary Sciences, National Research and Innovation Agency, KST BRIN Soekarno Cibinong Bogor, 16911, Jawa Barat, Indonesia
| | | | - Domenico Caruso
- ISEM, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, France
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10
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Dias MKHM, Jayathilaka EHTT, Edirisinghe SL, Lim JW, Nikapitiya C, Kang SY, Whang I, De Zoysa M. In-vitro immunomodulatory responses and antiviral activities of antimicrobial peptide octominin against fish pathogenic viruses. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 142:109129. [PMID: 37777098 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.109129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are considered a novel approach to stimulate fish antiviral mechanisms for defense against a broad range of viral infections by enhancing immunomodulatory activities. Octominin is an AMP derived from the defense proteins of Octopus minor. In this study, preliminary screening of octominin against viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV), infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV), and infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) was carried out. Moreover, immune responses upon octominin treatment and IHNV challenge were investigated using fathead minnow (FHM) cells. The CC50s of octominin for FHM and Chinook salmon embryo-214 (CHSE-214) cells were 2146.2 and 1865.2 μg/mL, respectively. With octominin treatment, EC50 resulted in 732.8, 435.1, and 925.9 μg/mL for VHSV, IHNV, and IPNV, respectively. The selectivity indices were 2.9, 4.9, and 2.0, respectively. The transcriptional analysis results demonstrated the induced transcription factors (Irf3; 143-fold, Irf7; 105-fold, and NF-κB; 8-fold), stress response gene (HspB8; 2-fold), and apoptosis functional gene (p53; 3-fold) in octominin treated (500 μg/mL) FHM cells for 48 h. Moreover, IHNV viral copy number was slightly decreased with the octominin treatment (500 μg/mL) in FHM cells. Overall results suggest that octominin could be a potential antiviral agent, although further studies are necessary to understand its mode of action and the mechanism of its antiviral activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - E H T Thulshan Jayathilaka
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Shan Lakmal Edirisinghe
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Woong Lim
- Department of Aqualife Medicine, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, 59626, Republic of Korea
| | - Chamilani Nikapitiya
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - So Young Kang
- Department of Aqualife Medicine, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, 59626, Republic of Korea
| | - Ilson Whang
- National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea (MABIK), Seochun-gun, Chungchungnam-do, 33662, Republic of Korea.
| | - Mahanama De Zoysa
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea.
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11
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Meng Y, Jiang N, Xie Y, Wei Y, Wang C, Tian M, Xue M, Xu C, Li Y, Liu W, Fan Y, Zhou Y. Development of a droplet digital PCR assay for the sensitive detection of iridovirus in Andrias davidianus. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2023; 46:1249-1256. [PMID: 37535813 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Chinese giant salamander iridovirus (GSIV) is the first known and causative viral pathogen in Andrias davidianus. Developing a sensitive, accurate and specific assay to detect GSIV in samples is essential to prevent the further spread of the pathogen. In this study, we established a droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) assay that targeted the mcp gene of GSIV, enabling rapid and quantitative detection of the virus. We determined that the optimal annealing temperature, primer concentration and probe concentration were 57.1°C, 50 nM and 500 nM, respectively. We analysed the specificity and sensitivity of the ddPCR assay and found that five common aquatic animal viruses, including Cyprinid herpesvirus 2 (CyHV-2), infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus (ISKNV), Koi herpesvirus (KHV) and Carp Edema Virus (CEV) displayed negative results based on this GSIV ddPCR assay. The assay can detect GSIV with the lowest detection limit of 3.7 copies per reaction. To evaluate the sensitivity and accuracy of the ddPCR assay, we tested different infected tissue samples with both the ddPCR and TaqMan real-time PCR assays. Our results showed that the ddPCR assay detected GSIV in all samples with 100% positivity, while the TaqMan real-time PCR assay detected GSIV in only 82.1% of samples. The established ddPCR method provided several advantages in detecting GISV, including high sensitivity, high precision and absolute quantification, making it a powerful tool for detection of possible and potential GSIV infection, even in samples with low viral load.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Meng
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Nan Jiang
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Yixing Xie
- Zhangjiajie Giant salamander National Nature Reserve Affairs Center, Zhangjiajie, China
| | - Ying Wei
- Zhangjiajie Giant salamander National Nature Reserve Affairs Center, Zhangjiajie, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Zhangjiajie Giant salamander National Nature Reserve Affairs Center, Zhangjiajie, China
| | - Mingzhu Tian
- Zhangjiajie Giant salamander National Nature Reserve Affairs Center, Zhangjiajie, China
| | - Mingyang Xue
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Chen Xu
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Yiqun Li
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenzhi Liu
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuding Fan
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Yong Zhou
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, China
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12
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Ke F, Zhang QY. Advances on genomes studies of large DNA viruses in aquaculture: A minireview. Genomics 2023; 115:110720. [PMID: 37757975 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2023.110720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Genomic studies of viral diseases in aquaculture have received more and more attention with the growth of the aquaculture industry, especially the emerging and re-emerging viruses whose genome could contain recombination, mutation, insertion, and so on, and may lead to more severe diseases and more widespread infections in aquaculture animals. The present review is focused on aquaculture viruses, which is belonged to two clades, Varidnaviria and Duplodnaviria, and one class Naldaviricetes, and respectively three families: Iridoviridae (ranaviruses), Alloherpesviridae (fish herpesviruses), and Nimaviridae (whispoviruses). The viruses possessed DNA genomes nearly or larger than 100 kbp with gene numbers more than 100 and were considered large DNA viruses. Genome analysis and experimental investigation have identified several genes involved in genome replication, transcription, and virus-host interactions. In addition, some genes involved in virus genetic variation or specificity were also discussed. A summary of these advances would provide reference to future discovery and research on emerging or re-emerging aquaculture viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Ke
- Institute of Hydrobiology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Qi-Ya Zhang
- Institute of Hydrobiology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China.
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13
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Min JG, Jeong HD, Kim KI. Identification of Various InDel-II Variants of the White Spot Syndrome Virus Isolated from Frozen Shrimp and Bivalves Obtained in the Korean Commercial Market. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3348. [PMID: 37958102 PMCID: PMC10650675 DOI: 10.3390/ani13213348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) poses a significant threat to the global shrimp industry. We investigated the presence of WSSV in frozen shrimp (n = 86) and shellfish (n = 185) from the Korean market (2010-2018). The detection rate of first-step polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in domestic shrimp was 36.8% (7/19), whereas that in imported shrimp was 0.01% (1/67). Furthermore, the WSSV genome was amplified from domestic bivalve mollusks by first- and second-step PCR with accuracies of 3.4% (5/147) and 15.6% (23/147), respectively. The genetic relatedness of InDel-II regions among WSSVs detected in domestic shrimp groups revealed four variants (777, 5649, 11,070 and 13,046 bp insertion or deletion), and imported shrimp groups had four variants (10,778, 11,086, 11,500 and 13,210 bp) compared with the putative ancestor WSSV strain. The 5649 bp variant was the dominant type among the WSSV variants detected in domestic shrimp (54.5%, 6/11). Notably, bivalve mollusks exhibited six variants (777, 5649, 5783, 5876, 11,070 and 13,046 bp), including four variants detected in shrimp, indicating that bivalve mollusks could facilitate WSSV tracking. In a challenge test, whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) exhibited varying mortality rates, indicating a link between InDel-II deletion and viral replication. These findings highlight the complexity of WSSV transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kwang-Il Kim
- Department of Aquatic Life Medicine, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea; (J.-G.M.)
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14
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Lou F, Zhang Y, Xu A, Gao T. Transcriptional responses of liver and spleen in Lota lota to polyriboinosinic polyribocytidylic acid. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1272393. [PMID: 37901224 PMCID: PMC10611466 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1272393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The cultured Lota lota can meet the market demand in the context of the decline of wild resources, but the disease in the high-density culture process also deserves attention. Therefore, understanding the immune regulation mechanisms of L. lota will be the basis for obtaining high benefits in artificial culture. Methods To explore the viral response mechanism of L. lota, RNA-seq was applied to identify the transcriptomic changes of the liver and spleen in L. lota by poly (I:C) stress. Results The DEGs (liver: 2186 to 3123; spleen 1542 to 2622) and up-regulated genes (liver: 1231 to 1776; spleen 769 to 1502) in the liver and spleen increased with the prolongation (12h to 48h) of poly (I:C)-stimulation time. This means L. lota needs to mobilize more functional genes in response to longer periods of poly (I:C)-stimulation. Despite the responses of L. lota to poly (I:C) showed tissue-specificity, we hypothesized that both liver and spleen of L. lota can respond to poly (I:C) challenge may be through promoting apoptosis of DNA-damaged cells, increasing the activity of immune-enhancing enzymes, and increasing energy supply based on DEGs annotation information. Conclusions Our results demonstrate the transcriptional responses of L. lota to poly (I:C)-stimulation, and these data provide the first resource on the genetic regulation mechanisms of L. lota against viruses. Furthermore, the present study can provide basic information for the prevention of viral diseases in L. lota artificial culture process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangrui Lou
- School of Ocean, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Anle Xu
- Fishery College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tianxiang Gao
- Fishery College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, China
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15
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Kim MJ, Kim SY, Kim KH, Yoo SS, Lee TK, Choi TJ. High-Level Expression of Recombinant VHSV Glycoprotein Using Transformed C. vulgaris and Verification of Vaccine Efficacy. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1205. [PMID: 37515021 PMCID: PMC10385554 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11071205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The demand for aquaculture is increasing, but production is declining due to high feed costs and disease outbreaks. Viral hemorrhagic septicemia (VHS) is a viral disease that seriously affects seawater and freshwater fish in aquaculture, including the olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus), a major aquaculture fish in Korea. However, very few vaccines are currently available for viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV). The nutrient-rich microalga Chlorella vulgaris has been used as a feed additive in aquaculture and as a host for the industrial production of recombinant VHSV glycoprotein as an oral vaccine. In this study, VHSV glycoprotein was cloned with a salt-inducible promoter, and high levels of expression up to 41.1 mg/g wet C. vulgaris, representing 27.4% of total extracted soluble protein, were achieved by growing the transformed C. vulgaris for 5 days in the presence of 250 mM NaCl. The production of a neutralizing antibody was detected in the serum of fish given feed containing 9% VHSV glycoprotein-expressing C. vulgaris. Furthermore, relative survival rates of 100% and 81.9% were achieved following challenges of these fish with VHSV at 106 and 107 pfu/fish, respectively, indicating that C. vulgaris could be used as a platform for the production of recombinant proteins for use as oral vaccines in the control of viral diseases in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Jeong Kim
- Department of Microbiology, School of Marine and Fisheries Sciences, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon-Young Kim
- Department of Aquatic Life Medicine, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Hong Kim
- Department of Aquatic Life Medicine, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Sik Yoo
- Choong Ang Vaccine Laboratory Co., Ltd., South Chungcheong, Daejeon 34055, Republic of Korea
| | - Taek-Kyun Lee
- South Sea Environment Research Division, Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology, Geoje-si 53201, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Jin Choi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Marine and Fisheries Sciences, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
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16
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SiouNing AS, Seong TS, Kondo H, Bhassu S. MicroRNA Regulation in Infectious Diseases and Its Potential as a Biosensor in Future Aquaculture Industry: A Review. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28114357. [PMID: 37298833 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28114357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
An infectious disease is the most apprehensive problem in aquaculture as it can lead to high mortality in aquatic organisms and massive economic loss. Even though significant progress has been accomplished in therapeutic, prevention, and diagnostic using several potential technologies, more robust inventions and breakthroughs should be achieved to control the spread of infectious diseases. MicroRNA (miRNA) is an endogenous small non-coding RNA that post-transcriptionally regulates the protein-coding genes. It involves various biological regulatory mechanisms in organisms such as cell differentiation, proliferation, immune responses, development, apoptosis, and others. Furthermore, an miRNA also acts as a mediator to either regulate host responses or enhance the replication of diseases during infection. Therefore, the emergence of miRNAs could be potential candidates for the establishment of diagnostic tools for numerous infectious diseases. Interestingly, studies have revealed that miRNAs can be used as biomarkers and biosensors to detect diseases, and can also be used to design vaccines to attenuate pathogens. This review provides an overview of miRNA biogenesis and specifically focuses on its regulation during infection in aquatic organisms, especially on the host immune responses and how miRNAs enhance the replication of pathogens in the organism. In addition to that, we explored the potential applications, including diagnostic methods and treatments, that can be employed in the aquaculture industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aileen See SiouNing
- Animal Genomic and Genetics Evolutionary Laboratory, Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
- Terra Aqua Laboratory, Centre for Research in Biotechnology for Agriculture (CEBAR), Research Management and Innovation Complex, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Tang Swee Seong
- Terra Aqua Laboratory, Centre for Research in Biotechnology for Agriculture (CEBAR), Research Management and Innovation Complex, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
- Microbial Biochemistry Laboratory, Division of Microbiology and Molecular Genetic, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Hidehiro Kondo
- Laboratory of Genome Science, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo 108-8477, Japan
| | - Subha Bhassu
- Animal Genomic and Genetics Evolutionary Laboratory, Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
- Terra Aqua Laboratory, Centre for Research in Biotechnology for Agriculture (CEBAR), Research Management and Innovation Complex, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
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17
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Delgado DLC, Caceres LLC, Gómez SAC, Odio AD. Effect of dietary garlic ( Allium sativum) on the zootechnical performance and health indicators of aquatic animals: A mini-review. Vet World 2023; 16:965-976. [PMID: 37576751 PMCID: PMC10420702 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2023.965-976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Considerable efforts have been made by modern aquaculture to mitigate the environmental damages caused by its practices while also attempting to improve the quality of the aquatic organisms by promoting alternatives, such as the use of natural products, like garlic (Allium sativum), and instead of chemical agents. Garlic has multiple properties, including antifungal, antibacterial, antiviral, antitoxic, and anticancer effects. In fish, the antiparasitic activity of garlic is one of the most reported effects in the literature, mainly using immersion baths for aquatic organisms. Using garlic also has an antimicrobial effect on the culture of aquatic organisms. Therefore, this review focuses on the impact of garlic on the health and production of aquatic organisms.
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18
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Roberts AJ, Suttle CA. Pathogens and Passengers: Roles for Crustacean Zooplankton Viruses in the Global Ocean. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11041054. [PMID: 37110477 PMCID: PMC10142142 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11041054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Viruses infect all living organisms, but the viruses of most marine animals are largely unknown. Crustacean zooplankton are a functional lynchpin in marine food webs, but very few have been interrogated for their associated viruses despite the profound potential effects of viral infection. Nonetheless, it is clear that the diversity of viruses in crustacean zooplankton is enormous, including members of all realms of RNA viruses, as well as single- and double-stranded DNA viruses, in many cases representing deep branches of viral evolution. As there is clear evidence that many of these viruses infect and replicate in zooplankton species, we posit that viral infection is likely responsible for a significant portion of unexplained non-consumptive mortality in this group. In turn, this infection affects food webs and alters biogeochemical cycling. In addition to the direct impacts of infection, zooplankton can vector economically devastating viruses of finfish and other crustaceans. The dissemination of these viruses is facilitated by the movement of zooplankton vertically between epi- and mesopelagic communities through seasonal and diel vertical migration (DVM) and across long distances in ship ballast water. The large potential impact of viruses on crustacean zooplankton emphasises the need to clearly establish the relationships between specific viruses and the zooplankton they infect and investigate disease and mortality for these host-virus pairs. Such data will enable investigations into a link between viral infection and seasonal dynamics of host populations. We are only beginning to uncover the diversity and function of viruses associated with crustacean zooplankton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alastair J Roberts
- Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Curtis A Suttle
- Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
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19
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Combe M, Reverter M, Caruso D, Pepey E, Gozlan RE. Impact of Global Warming on the Severity of Viral Diseases: A Potentially Alarming Threat to Sustainable Aquaculture Worldwide. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1049. [PMID: 37110472 PMCID: PMC10146364 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11041049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
With an ever-increasing human population, food security remains a central issue for the coming years. The magnitude of the environmental impacts of food production has motivated the assessment of the environmental and health benefits of shifting diets, from meat to fish and seafood. One of the main concerns for the sustainable development of aquaculture is the emergence and spread of infectious animal diseases in a warming climate. We conducted a meta-analysis to investigate the influence of global warming on mortality due to viral infections in farmed aquatic animals. We found a positive trend between increasing temperature and increasing viral virulence, with an increase in water temperature of 1 °C resulting in an increase in mortality of 1.47-8.33% in OsHV-1 infected oysters, 2.55-6.98% in carps infected with CyHV-3 and 2.18-5.37% in fishes infected with NVVs. We suggest that global warming is going to pose a risk of viral disease outbreaks in aquaculture and could compromise global food security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine Combe
- ISEM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, 34095 Montpellier, France
| | - Miriam Reverter
- ISEM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, 34095 Montpellier, France
- Marine Biology and Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Domenico Caruso
- ISEM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, 34095 Montpellier, France
| | - Elodie Pepey
- ISEM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, 34095 Montpellier, France
- CIRAD, UMR ISEM, 34398 Montpellier, France
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20
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Prasartset T, Surachetpong W. Simultaneous detection of three important viruses affecting tilapia using a multiplex PCR assay. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2023; 46:459-464. [PMID: 36441848 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tharinthon Prasartset
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Win Surachetpong
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
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21
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Song Y, Fan S, Zhang D, Li J, Li Z, Li Z, Xiao W, Wang J. Zebrafish maoc1 Attenuates Spring Viremia of Carp Virus Propagation by Promoting Autophagy-Lysosome-Dependent Degradation of Viral Phosphoprotein. J Virol 2023; 97:e0133822. [PMID: 36744960 PMCID: PMC9972956 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01338-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Spring viremia of carp virus (SVCV) is the causative agent of spring viremia of carp (SVC), an important infectious disease that causes high mortality in aquaculture cyprinids. How the host defends against SVCV infection and the underlying mechanisms are still elusive. In this study, we identify that a novel gene named maoc1 is induced by SVCV infection. maoc1-deficient zebrafish are more susceptible to SVCV infection, with higher virus replication and antiviral gene induction. Further assays indicate that maoc1 interacts with the P protein of SVCV to trigger P protein degradation through the autophagy-lysosomal pathway, leading to the restriction of SVCV propagation. These findings reveal a unique zebrafish defense machinery in response to SVCV infection. IMPORTANCE SVCV P protein plays an essential role in the virus replication and viral immune evasion process. Here, we identify maoc1 as a novel SVCV-inducible gene and demonstrate its antiviral capacity through attenuating SVCV replication, by directly binding to P protein and mediating its degradation via the autophagy-lysosomal pathway. Therefore, this study not only reveals an essential role of maoc1 in fighting against SVCV infection but also demonstrates an unusual host defense mechanism in response to invading viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Song
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Sijia Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dawei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ziyi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wuhan Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
- The Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
- The Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
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22
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Hutson KS, Davidson IC, Bennett J, Poulin R, Cahill PL. Assigning cause for emerging diseases of aquatic organisms. Trends Microbiol 2023:S0966-842X(23)00031-8. [PMID: 36841735 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2023.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Resolving the cause of disease (= aetiology) in aquatic organisms is a challenging but essential goal, heightened by increasing disease prevalence in a changing climate and an interconnected world of anthropogenic pathogen spread. Emerging diseases play important roles in evolutionary ecology, wildlife conservation, the seafood industry, recreation, cultural practices, and human health. As we emerge from a global pandemic of zoonotic origin, we must focus on timely diagnosis to confirm aetiology and enable response to diseases in aquatic ecosystems. Those systems' resilience, and our own sustainable use of seafood, depend on it. Synchronising traditional and recent advances in microbiology that span ecological, veterinary, and medical fields will enable definitive assignment of risk factors and causal agents for better biosecurity management and healthier aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate S Hutson
- Cawthron Institute, 98 Halifax St East, Nelson, New Zealand; College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia.
| | - Ian C Davidson
- Cawthron Institute, 98 Halifax St East, Nelson, New Zealand
| | - Jerusha Bennett
- Department of Zoology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Robert Poulin
- Department of Zoology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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23
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Rieder J, Kapopoulou A, Bank C, Adrian-Kalchhauser I. Metagenomics and metabarcoding experimental choices and their impact on microbial community characterization in freshwater recirculating aquaculture systems. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOME 2023; 18:8. [PMID: 36788626 PMCID: PMC9930364 DOI: 10.1186/s40793-023-00459-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microbial communities in recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) play a role in system success, nutrient cycling, and water quality. Considering the increasing socio-economic role of fish farming, e.g., regarding food security, an in-depth understanding of aquaculture microbial communities is also relevant from a management perspective, especially regarding the growth, development, and welfare of the farmed animal. However, the current data on the composition of microbial communities within RAS is patchy, which is partly attributable to diverging method choices that render comparative analyses challenging. Therefore, there is a need for accurate, standardized, and user-friendly methods to study microbial communities in aquaculture systems. RESULTS We compared sequencing approach performances (3 types of 16S short amplicon sequencing, PacBio long-read amplicon sequencing, and amplification-free shotgun metagenomics) in the characterization of microbial communities in two commercial RAS fish farms. Results showed that 16S primer choice and amplicon length affect some values (e.g., diversity measures, number of assigned taxa or distinguishing ASVs) but have no impact on spatio-temporal patterns between sample types, farms and time points. This implies that 16S rRNA approaches are adequate for community studies. The long-read amplicons underperformed regarding the quantitative resolution of spatio-temporal patterns but were suited to identify functional services, e.g., nitrification cycling and the detection of pathogens. Finally, shotgun metagenomics extended the picture to fungi, viruses, and bacteriophages, opening avenues for exploring inter-domain interactions. All sequencing datasets agreed on major prokaryotic players, such as Actinobacteriota, Bacteroidota, Nitrospirota, and Proteobacteria. CONCLUSION The different sequencing approaches yielded overlapping and highly complementary results, with each contributing unique data not obtainable with the other approaches. We conclude that a tiered approach constitutes a strategy for obtaining the maximum amount of information on aquaculture microbial communities and can inform basic research on community evolution dynamics. For specific and/or applied questions, single-method approaches are more practical and cost-effective and could lead to better farm management practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Rieder
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, Institute for Fish and Wildlife Health, University of Bern, Länggasstrasse 122, 3001 Bern, Switzerland
- Division of Theoretical Ecology and Evolution, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 6, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Quartier Sorge - Batiment Amphipole, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Adamandia Kapopoulou
- Division of Theoretical Ecology and Evolution, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 6, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Quartier Sorge - Batiment Amphipole, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Claudia Bank
- Division of Theoretical Ecology and Evolution, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 6, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Quartier Sorge - Batiment Amphipole, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Irene Adrian-Kalchhauser
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, Institute for Fish and Wildlife Health, University of Bern, Länggasstrasse 122, 3001 Bern, Switzerland
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Dai C, Zheng J, Qi L, Deng P, Wu M, Li L, Yuan J. Chronic stress boosts systemic inflammation and compromises antiviral innate immunity in Carassius gibel. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1105156. [PMID: 36814911 PMCID: PMC9939519 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1105156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
It is generally considered that stress causes decreased immune function and render fish vulnerable to infection and diseases. However, the molecular mechanisms between stress responses and susceptibility to infections, especially viral diseases, in fish remain unknown. Understanding and monitoring the biological consequences and mechanisms underlying stress responses in fish may contribute to the improvement of animal welfare and production efficiency. In this study, long-term exposure to a variety of stressors, including chasing, overcrowding, restraint stress, and air exposure mimicking chronic stresses, in aquaculture practices was conducted in Carassius gibel to investigate the consequences of chronic stress on inflammation and antiviral capability. With the continuation of stimulation, experimental fish gradually became insensitive to the stress of net chasing and feeding with the accompaniment of upregulated gene expressed in the HPI axis and elevated levels of stress hormones. As expected, stress-induced hyperglycaemia with a decrease in the insulin signaling pathway and altered gene expression in glycolysis and gluconeogenesis, suggesting the disturbance of glycometabolism. Importantly, a link between intestinal homoeostasis and systemic low-grade inflammation in stressed C. gibel was observed, implying crosstalk among the brain, intestine, and other organs. Furthermore, the compromised antiviral capability with impaired antiviral innate immunity in stressed fish was confirmed by RNA sequencing and infection with Cyprinid herpesvirus 2 (CyHV-2), promoting the understanding of enhanced susceptibility to viral infection in stressed fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caijiao Dai
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- National Aquatic Animal Diseases Para-reference Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University (HZUA), Wuhan, China
| | - Jianduo Zheng
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lin Qi
- Department of Consultation, Tianbin Ruicheng Environmental Technology Engineering Co., LTD, Tianjin, China
| | - Ping Deng
- Fisheries Science Research Institute, Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Mengke Wu
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lijuan Li
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- National Aquatic Animal Diseases Para-reference Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University (HZUA), Wuhan, China
| | - Junfa Yuan
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- National Aquatic Animal Diseases Para-reference Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University (HZUA), Wuhan, China
- Hubei Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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25
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Xu A, Xu S, Tu Q, Qiao H, Lin W, Li J, He Y, Xie T, Pan L, Pan Q, Zhao Y, Su X, Tong Y. A novel virus in the family Marnaviridae as a potential pathogen of Penaeus vannamei glass post-larvae disease. Virus Res 2023; 324:199026. [PMID: 36529302 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2022.199026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
As an aquatic animal of great commercial relevance, Penaeus vannamei is currently the dominant species of cultured shrimp in China and many other countries worldwide. In recent years, the outbreak of glass post-larvae disease (GPD), which accounts for more than 90% of the mortality of shrimp seedlings in serious cases, in many regions of China has caused significant losses and threatened the sustainability of the aquaculture industry and the economy. It is extremely urgent to determine the infectious agent of GPD in P. vannamei. In this work, we performed metagenomic sequencing of glass post-larvae collected from diseased prawns in Tangshan Hebei, where GPD broke out recently. An evolutionary tree was constructed by MEGA 7 to understand the evolutionary history and relationship of the pathogen genome. A novel virus in the family Marnaviridae was first identified in P. vannamei suffering from GPD, and we tentatively named this virus Baishivirus (GenBank: ON550424). The identified pathogen was validated according to Koch's rule with a pathogenic challenge assay and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. There was only 8% query coverage with 64.96% identity in the Baishivirus genome when compared with its most closely related genome sequence of Wenzhou picorna-like virus 21 reported in 2016. Baishivirus genomic RNA is 9.895 kb in length and encodes three potential open reading frames (ORFs). The identification of Baishivirus in P. vannamei enriches the family Marnaviridae and potentially provides a new candidate to study and prevent GPD in the aquaculture industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ailan Xu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University, 348 Dexiang Street, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang 154003, China
| | - Shan Xu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, No. 15 Beisanhuan East Road, Chaoyang, Beijing 100089, China
| | - Qihang Tu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, No. 15 Beisanhuan East Road, Chaoyang, Beijing 100089, China
| | - Huanao Qiao
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, No. 15 Beisanhuan East Road, Chaoyang, Beijing 100089, China
| | - Wei Lin
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, No. 15 Beisanhuan East Road, Chaoyang, Beijing 100089, China
| | - Jing Li
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, No. 15 Beisanhuan East Road, Chaoyang, Beijing 100089, China
| | - Yugan He
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, No. 15 Beisanhuan East Road, Chaoyang, Beijing 100089, China
| | - Tie Xie
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, No. 15 Beisanhuan East Road, Chaoyang, Beijing 100089, China
| | | | - Qiang Pan
- Qingdao Nuoanbaite Biotechnology Co., China
| | - Yunwei Zhao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University, 348 Dexiang Street, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang 154003, China.
| | - Xin Su
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, No. 15 Beisanhuan East Road, Chaoyang, Beijing 100089, China.
| | - Yigang Tong
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, No. 15 Beisanhuan East Road, Chaoyang, Beijing 100089, China.
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26
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Yang S, Jin D, Li H, Jiang L, Cui J, Huang W, Rang J, Li Y, Xia L. Screening of new Paenibacillus polymyxa S3 and its disease resistance of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus). JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2023; 46:17-29. [PMID: 36097971 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A new strain of Paenibacillus polymyxa S3 with antagonistic effects on 11 major fish pathogens (especially Aeromonas hydrophila), but had no toxicity to grass carp, was screened from the sediment of fishponds. In vivo colonization studies showed that strain S3 could be colonized and distributed in the gill and abdomen of the grass carp. Bioassay results showed that the weight growth rate of grass carp in the strain S3 oral group (16.01%) and strain S3 immersion group (16.44%) was significantly higher than those of the control group (8.61%). At the same time, the activities of ACP, AKP, CAT and GSH-Px in the serum of grass carp in oral and immersion groups were significantly higher than those of the control group. In addition, the treatment with strain S3 could significantly upregulate the expression of the antioxidant-related genes and immune-related genes Keap1, Nrf2, C3, LZM, IgM, TLR-4 and MyD-88 in grass carp tissues. The challenge test showed that strain S3 treatment significantly increased the survival rate of grass carp infected with Aeromonas hydrophila. Whole genome sequencing analysis showed that strain S3 had 16 active metabolite gene clusters, indicating that it had abundant gene resources, which provided important support for its development for fish microecological preparations. In summary, a new strain of Paenibacillus polymyxa S3 with antibacterial activity against a variety of fish pathogens was screened in this study and its probiotic function was evaluated, proving its potential value in fisheries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijia Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Molecular Biology, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Duo Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Molecular Biology, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Hui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Molecular Biology, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Lingzhi Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Molecular Biology, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Jun Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Molecular Biology, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Weitao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Molecular Biology, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Jie Rang
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Molecular Biology, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - YunLong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Molecular Biology, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Liqiu Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Molecular Biology, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
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27
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Tarján ZL, Doszpoly A, Eszterbauer E, Benkő M. Partial genetic characterisation of a novel alloherpesvirus detected by PCR in a farmed wels catfish (Silurus glanis). Acta Vet Hung 2022; 70:321-327. [PMID: 36469305 DOI: 10.1556/004.2022.00038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
By a broad-range PCR, we detected a novel herpesvirus (HV) in the specimen of a wels catfish (Silurus glanis) presenting disseminated, carp pox-like dermal lesions all over its body. The sequence analysis of the 463-bp PCR product from the viral DNA polymerase gene indicated the presence of a hitherto unknown virus, a putative member of the family Alloherpesviridae in the sample. Another PCR, targeting the terminase gene of fish HVs, provided an additional genomic fragment of over 1,000 bp. Surprisingly, the sequence of a co-amplified, off-target PCR product revealed its origin from a putative gene homologous to ORF87 and ORF45 of cyprinid HVs and anguillid herpesvirus 1 (AngHV-1), respectively. With specific primers, designed according to the genomic maps of the cyprinid and anguillid HVs, a genomic fragment of 15 kb was also amplified and sequenced by primer walking. In phylogeny inferences, based on several genes, the putative wels catfish HV clustered closest to various cyprinid HVs or to AngHV-1. The novel virus, named as silurid herpesvirus 2, represents a distinct species in the genus Cyprinivirus. However, its association with the skin disease remains unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoltán László Tarján
- Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Hungária krt. 21, H-1143 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Andor Doszpoly
- Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Hungária krt. 21, H-1143 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Edit Eszterbauer
- Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Hungária krt. 21, H-1143 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Mária Benkő
- Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Hungária krt. 21, H-1143 Budapest, Hungary
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28
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Wang Z, Aweya JJ, Yao D, Zheng Z, Wang C, Zhao Y, Li S, Zhang Y. Taurine metabolism is modulated in Vibrio-infected Penaeus vannamei to shape shrimp antibacterial response and survival. MICROBIOME 2022; 10:213. [PMID: 36464721 PMCID: PMC9721036 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-022-01414-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Numerous microorganisms are found in aquaculture ponds, including several pathogenic bacteria. Infection of cultured animals by these pathogens results in diseases and metabolic dysregulation. However, changes in the metabolic profiles that occur at different infection stages in the same ponds and how these metabolic changes can be modulated by exogenous metabolites in Penaeus vannamei remain unknown. RESULTS Here, we collected gastrointestinal tract (GIT) samples from healthy, diseased, and moribund P. vannamei in the same aquaculture pond for histological, metabolic, and transcriptome profiling. We found that diseased and moribund shrimp with empty GITs and atrophied hepatopancreas were mainly infected with Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio harveyi. Although significant dysregulation of crucial metabolites and their enzymes were observed in diseased and moribund shrimps, diseased shrimp expressed high levels of taurine and taurine metabolism-related enzymes, while moribund shrimp expressed high levels of hypoxanthine and related metabolism enzymes. Moreover, a strong negative correlation was observed between taurine levels and the relative abundance of V. parahaemolyticus and V. harveyi. Besides, exogenous taurine enhanced shrimp survival against V. parahaemolyticus challenge by increasing the expression of key taurine metabolism enzymes, mainly, cysteine dioxygenase (CDO) and cysteine sulfinic acid decarboxylase (CSD). CONCLUSIONS Our study revealed that taurine metabolism could be modulated by exogenous supplementation to improve crustacean immune response against pathogenic microbes. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyan Wang
- Institute of Marine Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, Guangdong, China
| | - Jude Juventus Aweya
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Enzyme Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, Fujian, China
| | - Defu Yao
- Institute of Marine Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhihong Zheng
- Institute of Marine Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, Guangdong, China
| | - Chuanqi Wang
- Institute of Marine Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, Guangdong, China
| | - Yongzhen Zhao
- Guangxi Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genetic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Shengkang Li
- Institute of Marine Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, Guangdong, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, 511458, China
| | - Yueling Zhang
- Institute of Marine Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, Guangdong, China.
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, 511458, China.
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29
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Environmental Factors and Their Threshold Affecting the Survival of Five Aquatic Animal Viruses in Different Animal Cells. Viruses 2022; 14:v14112546. [PMID: 36423155 PMCID: PMC9696523 DOI: 10.3390/v14112546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Aquatic animal viruses infect and transmit in aquatic environments, causing serious harm to the aquaculture industry and a variety of wild aquatic animals. How are they affected by environmental factors and do they represent potential threat to mammalian heath or not? Here, the effects of environmental factors (ultraviolet radiation (UV), temperature, pH, and drying) and their threshold on five epidemic aquatic animal viruses infecting amphibians and bony fish, including Rana grylio virus (RGV), Andrias davidianus ranavirus (ADRV), Grass carp reovirus (GCRV), Paralichthys olivaceus rhabdovirus (PORV), and Scophthalmus maximus rhabdovirus (SMRV), were measured and compared in a fish cell line. The examination of virus titers after different treatment in fish cells showed that the two iridoviruses, RGV and ADRV, had a higher tolerance to all of the environmental factors, such as they only had a decay rate of 22-36% when incubated at 37 °C for 7 days. However, the rhabdovirus SMRV was sensitive to all of the factors, with a decay rate of more than 80% in most of the treatments; even a complete inactivation (100%) can be observed after drying treatment. To address the potential threat to mammals, infectivity and limitation factors of the five viruses in Baby hamster kidney fibroblast cells (BHK-21) were tested, which showed that three of the five viruses can replicate at a low temperature, but a high temperature strongly inhibited their infection and none of them could replicate at 37 °C. This study clarified the sensitivity or tolerance of several different types of aquatic animal viruses to the main environmental factors in the aquatic environment and proved that the viruses cannot replicate in mammalian cells at normal physiological temperature.
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30
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Jose Priya TA, Kappalli S. Modern biotechnological strategies for vaccine development in aquaculture - Prospects and challenges. Vaccine 2022; 40:5873-5881. [PMID: 36088192 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.08.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Advances in genomics and the gradual reduction of cost for technologies like whole-genome sequencing have provided exciting opportunities for developing modern biotechnological-based vaccines in aquaculture. This systemic review describes the prospects and challenges of implementing these high-tech vaccines in fish species. The majority of the commercial vaccines in aquaculture utilize conventional procedures for which cost of administration, protective immunity and safety issues are the major challenges. In recent years, more efficient vaccines are being developed by adopting the advances in vaccine technology. Vaccines based on surface antigens, protein/peptide/polysaccharide subunits, recombinant DNA/mRNA/plasmids, novel antigen expression and delivery systems (bacteriophage particles, virus like particles/VLPs, recombinant yeast, mucosal vaccines), novel molecular adjuvants (IL-8, IL-12, HSPs), and encapsulation polymers and polysaccharides like chitosan nanoparticles and PLGA microcapsule were successfully developed. These biotechnology-based vaccines have proved to be very efficient in field trials, but are always in the research pipeline or as patents. Only very few of them are licensed for use, that too, in high-valued fishes like salmonids. Currently, commercial aquaculture vaccines are available for Aeromonas salmonicida, Vibrio salmonicida, Yersinia ruckeri, Vibrio anguillarum, Edwardsiella ictalurid, and for certain Betanodaviruses. Nevertheless, no registered vaccines are available for other major infectious diseases/pathogens such as viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV), viral nervous necrosis virus (VNN) and certain other betanodaviruses, channel catfish virus (CCV), gill disease bacteria, mycobacteria, flavobacterium, Edwardsiella tarda, and certain streptococci. Despite the important economic losses that the pathogens cause to aquaculture worldwide, the commercialization of vaccines remains limited due to immunological pitfalls in aquatic species, large-scale vaccination issues, unregulated use of antibiotics and chemicals, gene-based vaccine regulations and commercial viability. If attempts are to be made to develop novel delivery methods, cost-effective procedures, and relaxations in DNA vaccine regulations, biotechnology-based vaccination could circumvent the emerging disease challenges in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- T A Jose Priya
- Department of Zoology, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Kerala, Kasaragod, Kerala 671 316, India.
| | - Sudha Kappalli
- Department of Zoology, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Kerala, Kasaragod, Kerala 671 316, India.
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31
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Feng L, Xiao C, Luo Y, Qiao Y, Chen D. The fate of antibiotic resistance genes, microbial community, and potential pathogens in the maricultural sediment by live seaweeds and oxytetracycline. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 318:115597. [PMID: 35780677 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Three common seaweeds including Ulva fasciata, Codium cylindricum and Ishige okamurai were used for the remediation of maricultural wastewater and sediment in the presence/absence of trace level of oxytetracycline (OTC) in lab-scale experiments. Higher NO3--N and PO43--P removal rates were achieved due to the presence of seaweeds, and trace OTC also had a positive effect on NO3--N removal. A slight variation of 2.10-2.15% were observed in the total relative abundances of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) of different sediment samples after one-month operation. However, the variation of ARGs profiles by the co-existence of different seaweeds and OTC was in the descending order of Ishige okamurai > Codium cylindricum > Ulva fasciata, which was in accordance with the variation of microbial hosts at genus level. The abundance of dominant tetracycline resistance genes promoted by the co-existence of different seaweeds and OTC in compared with the presence of single seaweed or OTC via metagenomic sequencing and qPCR analysis, and the co-existence of Ishige okamurai and OTC exhibited the largest impact. The potential pathogens were more sensitive to the co-existence of seaweed and OTC than single seaweeds. Meanwhile, a variety of ARGs were enriched in the pathogens, and the dominant pathogenic bacteria of Vibrio had 133 Vibrio species with 28 subtypes of ARGs. The variation of ARGs profiles in the sediment were strongly related with the dominant phyla Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, Planctomycetes and Cyanobacteria. Besides, Nitrate level exhibited more significant effect on ∑ARGs, ARGs resistant to vancomycin and streptogramin_a, while phosphate level exhibited more positively significant effect on ARGs resistant to fosmidomycin, ATFBT and cephalosporin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Feng
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Pollution Control, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022, People's Republic of China; National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Harbor Oil & Gas Storage and Transportation Technology, Zhoushan, 316022, People's Republic of China
| | - Changyan Xiao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Pollution Control, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuqin Luo
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Pollution Control, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Qiao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Pollution Control, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongzhi Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Pollution Control, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022, People's Republic of China; National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Harbor Oil & Gas Storage and Transportation Technology, Zhoushan, 316022, People's Republic of China.
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Abstract
Flaviviruses are positive-sense single-stranded RNA viruses, including some well-known human pathogens such as Zika, dengue, and yellow fever viruses, which are primarily associated with mosquito and tick vectors. The vast majority of flavivirus research has focused on terrestrial environments; however, recent findings indicate that a range of flaviviruses are also present in aquatic environments, both marine and freshwater. These flaviviruses are found in various hosts, including fish, crustaceans, molluscs, and echinoderms. Although the effects of aquatic flaviviruses on the hosts they infect are not all known, some have been detected in farmed species and may have detrimental effects on the aquaculture industry. Exploration of the evolutionary history through the discovery of the Wenzhou shark flavivirus in both a shark and crab host is of particular interest since the potential dual-host nature of this virus may indicate that the invertebrate-vertebrate relationship seen in other flaviviruses may have a more profound evolutionary root than previously expected. Potential endogenous viral elements and the range of novel aquatic flaviviruses discovered thus shed light on virus origins and evolutionary history and may indicate that, like terrestrial life, the origins of flaviviruses may lie in aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan J. Lensink
- Cluster of Microbial Ecology, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Yiqiao Li
- Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sebastian Lequime
- Cluster of Microbial Ecology, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Shrimp Antimicrobial Peptides: A Multitude of Possibilities. Int J Pept Res Ther 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-022-10459-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Gui L, Zhao Y, Xu D, Li X, Luo J, Zhou W, Li M. Quick detection of Carassius auratus herpesvirus (CaHV) by recombinase-aid amplification lateral flow dipstick (RAA-LFD) method. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:981911. [PMID: 36171755 PMCID: PMC9512145 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.981911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Crucian carp (Carassius auratus) is one of the major freshwater species and is also a common food fish in China. Recently, Carassius auratus herpesvirus (CaHV) could induce fatal viral disease with high mortality of crucian carp, which had caused huge economic losses. In this study, we described a rapid and simple recombinase-aid amplification (RAA) assay coupled with lateral flow dipstick (LFD), which could achieve sensitive diagnosis of tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) of CaHV within 35 min at 40°C. Our RAA-LFD method had a satisfactory detection limit of 100 gene copies per reaction, which was 100-fold more sensitive than traditional PCR. In addition, no cross-reaction was observed with other viral pathogens, including koi herpesvirus (KHV), cyprinid herpesvirus 2 (CyHV-2), infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV), spring viremia of carp virus (SVCV) and grass carp reovirus (GCRV). Furthermore, the overall cost of the method was cut in half compared to previous studies. In conclusion, RAA-LFD assay is therefore, a promising alternative for point-of-care testing (POCT) of CaHV, which is feasible and of certain value in application of aquatic disease control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lang Gui
- Key Laboratory of integrated rice-fish farming, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun Zhao
- Key Laboratory of integrated rice-fish farming, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dan Xu
- Key Laboratory of integrated rice-fish farming, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinyu Li
- Key Laboratory of integrated rice-fish farming, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianhua Luo
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenzong Zhou
- Eco-environmental Protection Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Wenzong Zhou, ; Mingyou Li,
| | - Mingyou Li
- Key Laboratory of integrated rice-fish farming, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Wenzong Zhou, ; Mingyou Li,
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Hu X, Jiang N, Li Y, Zhou Y, Fan Y, Xue M, Zeng L, Liu W, Meng Y. Rapid Nucleic Acid Extraction for Aquatic Animal DNA Virus Determination Using Chelex 100 Resin via Conventional PCR and Digital Droplet PCR Detection. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12151999. [PMID: 35953988 PMCID: PMC9367309 DOI: 10.3390/ani12151999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Convenient, fast, and high-quality nucleic acid extraction methods are urgently needed in molecular diagnostic testing for viral pathogens in aquaculture. We developed a viral DNA extraction method from diseased tissues and cells using the Chelex 100 resin solution workflow. The only extraction reagents required are the Chelex 100 resin and phosphate-buffered saline. The whole extraction process only takes about 15 min from the tissue homogenate to obtain the DNA. The concentration of extracted DNA is at least 100 ng/µL. This methodology has clear benefits in terms of cost and time saving compared to the commercial kit extraction for aquatic animal DNA virus determination by PCR in the laboratory. In addition, the simplified method using Chelex 100 resin with a pH value of 10–11 presented excellent results in PCR application and could be a standard for the DNA extraction for DNA virus testing in the future. Abstract Molecular diagnostic testing for viral pathogens is crucial in aquaculture. The efficient and convenient preparation of pathogenic microbial nucleic acids is the basis of molecular diagnosis. Here, we developed a simplified deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) extraction method from aquatic animal DNA viruses using the Chelex 100 resin. The nucleic acid was extracted from infected tissues and cell culture for the detection of three common aquatic viral pathogens (CEV, CyHV-2, and GSIV). We compared the extraction effects of a current commercial kit extraction method and the Chelex 100 resin extraction method according to nucleic acid concentration, conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and digital droplet PCR (ddPCR). The results indicated that both extraction procedures could obtain high-quality nucleotide samples. Extracting DNA using the Chelex 100 resin led to better detective efficiency for ddPCR molecular diagnostic testing. The whole process took less than 20 min, and only Chelex 100 resin solution was added to the tissues or cells without multiple tubes being transferred several times. The extracted DNA concentration and the detection sensitivity were high. These results indicated that the Chelex 100 resin solution has the advantages of speed, efficiency, and economy compared to the commercial kit. In addition, the higher pH value (10–11) of the Chelex 100 resin solution markedly improved the detection sensitivity compared to a lower pH value (9–10). In conclusion, the comparison of the Chelex 100 Resin and commercial viral DNA extraction kits revealed the good performance of the Chelex 100 resin solution at pH 10–11 in DNA extraction for PCR amplification from aquatic animal viral samples of tissues and cells in molecular diagnostic testing. It is both rapid and cost-effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Hu
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China
| | - Nan Jiang
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China
| | - Yiqun Li
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China
| | - Yong Zhou
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China
| | - Yuding Fan
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China
| | - Mingyang Xue
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China
| | - Lingbing Zeng
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China
| | - Wenzhi Liu
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China
| | - Yan Meng
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China
- Correspondence:
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Review of Medicinal Plants and Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients against Aquatic Pathogenic Viruses. Viruses 2022; 14:v14061281. [PMID: 35746752 PMCID: PMC9230652 DOI: 10.3390/v14061281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Aquaculture offers a promising source of economic and healthy protein for human consumption, which can improve wellbeing. Viral diseases are the most serious type of diseases affecting aquatic animals and a major obstacle to the development of the aquaculture industry. In the background of antibiotic-free farming, the development and application of antibiotic alternatives has become one of the most important issues in aquaculture. In recent years, many medicinal plants and their active pharmaceutical ingredients have been found to be effective in the treatment and prevention of viral diseases in aquatic animals. Compared with chemical drugs and antibiotics, medicinal plants have fewer side-effects, produce little drug resistance, and exhibit low toxicity to the water environment. Most medicinal plants can effectively improve the growth performance of aquatic animals; thus, they are becoming increasingly valued and widely used in aquaculture. The present review summarizes the promising antiviral activities of medicinal plants and their active pharmaceutical ingredients against aquatic viruses. Furthermore, it also explains their possible mechanisms of action and possible implications in the prevention or treatment of viral diseases in aquaculture. This article could lay the foundation for the future development of harmless drugs for the prevention and control of viral disease outbreaks in aquaculture.
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Liu S, Xia J, Tian Y, Yao L, Xu T, Li X, Li X, Wang W, Kong J, Zhang Q. Investigation of Pathogenic Mechanism of Covert Mortality Nodavirus Infection in Penaeus vannamei. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:904358. [PMID: 35711775 PMCID: PMC9195102 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.904358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral covert mortality disease (VCMD), also known as running mortality syndrome (RMS), is caused by covert mortality nodavirus (CMNV) and has impacted the shrimp farming industry in Asia and Latin America in recent years. The pathogenic mechanism of CMNV infecting Penaeus vannamei was investigated in this study. In the naturally infected shrimp, histopathological and in situ hybridization (ISH) analysis verified that CMNV infection and severe cellar structural damage occurred in almost all cells of the ommatidium. Under transmission electron microscopic (TEM), vacuolation and necrosis, together with numerous CMNV-like particles, could be observed in the cytoplasm of most cell types of the ommatidium. The challenge test showed that a low CMNV infectious dose caused cumulative mortality of 66.7 ± 6.7% and 33.3 ± 3.6% of shrimp in the 31-day outdoor and indoor farming trials, respectively. The shrimp in the infection group grew slower than those in the control group; the percentage of soft-shell individuals in the infection group (42.9%) was much higher than that of the control group (17.1%). The histopathological and ISH examinations of individuals artificially infected with CMNV revealed that severe cellar damage, including vacuolation, karyopyknosis, and structural failure, occurred not only in the cells of the refraction part of the ommatidium, but also in the cells of the nerve enrichment and hormone secretion zones. And the pathological damages were severe in the nerve cells of both the ventral nerve cord and segmental nerve of the pleopods. TEM examination revealed the ultrastructural pathological changes and vast amounts of CMNV-like particles in the above-mentioned tissues. The differential transcriptome analysis showed that the CMNV infection resulted in the significant down-regulated expression of genes of photo-transduction, digestion, absorption, and growth hormones, which might be the reason for the slow growth of shrimp infected by CMNV. This study uncovered unique characteristics of neurotropism of CMNV for the first time and explored the pathogenesis of slow growth and shell softening of P. vannamei caused by CMNV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Liu
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Key Laboratory of Maricultural Organism Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Mariculture Epidemiology and Biosecurity, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Jitao Xia
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Key Laboratory of Maricultural Organism Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Mariculture Epidemiology and Biosecurity, Qingdao, China
| | - Yuan Tian
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Key Laboratory of Maricultural Organism Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Mariculture Epidemiology and Biosecurity, Qingdao, China
| | - Liang Yao
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Key Laboratory of Maricultural Organism Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Mariculture Epidemiology and Biosecurity, Qingdao, China
| | - Tingting Xu
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Key Laboratory of Maricultural Organism Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Mariculture Epidemiology and Biosecurity, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Xupeng Li
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Key Laboratory of Maricultural Organism Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Mariculture Epidemiology and Biosecurity, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaoping Li
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Key Laboratory of Maricultural Organism Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Mariculture Epidemiology and Biosecurity, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Key Laboratory of Maricultural Organism Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Mariculture Epidemiology and Biosecurity, Qingdao, China
| | - Jie Kong
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Key Laboratory of Maricultural Organism Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Mariculture Epidemiology and Biosecurity, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Qingli Zhang
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Key Laboratory of Maricultural Organism Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Mariculture Epidemiology and Biosecurity, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
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Xia J, Wang C, Yao L, Wang W, Zhao W, Jia T, Yu X, Yang G, Zhang Q. Investigation on Natural Infection of Covert Mortality Nodavirus in Farmed Giant Freshwater Prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii). Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12111370. [PMID: 35681834 PMCID: PMC9179840 DOI: 10.3390/ani12111370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Covert mortality nodavirus (CMNV) is a newly discovered aquatic animal virus in recent years. Here, we detected CMNV positive in farmed giant freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) from Jiangsu, China by TaqMan RT-qPCR. Meanwhile, in situ hybridization and histological analysis indicated that the intestine, gill, hepatopancreas and ovary of giant freshwater prawn were the target organs of CMNV. In addition, a large number of CMNV-like particles were observed in the hepatopancreas and gill tissues under transmission electron microscopy. Overall, our study confirms that giant freshwater prawn is a susceptible host of CMNV, further expands the known host range of CMNV, and provided a new direction for further investigation and exploration of multiple pathogenic factors of giant freshwater prawn disease. Abstract Covert mortality nodavirus (CMNV), from the Nodaviridae family, is characterized by its unique cross-species transmission and wide epidemic distribution features. In this study, Macrobrachium rosenbergii was proved to be infected naturally by CMNV, which further expand the known host range of CMNV. Here, 61.9% (70/113) of the M. rosenbergii samples collected from Jiangsu Province were CMNV positive in the TaqMan RT-qPCR assay, which indicated the high prevalence of CMNV in M. rosenbergii. Meanwhile, the sequences of CMNV RdRp gene cloned from M. rosenbergii were highly identical to that of the original CMNV isolate from Penaeus vannamei. In situ hybridization (ISH) and histology analysis indicated that the intestine, gill, hepatopancreas and ovary were the targeted organs of CMNV infection in M. rosenbergii, and obvious histopathological damage including vacuolation and karyopyknosis were occurred in the above organs. Notably, the presence of CMNV in gonad alerted its potential risk of vertical transmission in M. rosenbergii. Additionally, numerous CMNV-like particles could be observed in tissues of hepatopancreas and gill under transmission electron microscopy. Collectively, our results call for concern of the potential negative impact of the spread and prevalence of CMNV in M. rosenbergii on its aquaculture, as well as providing a renewed orientation for further investigation and exploration of the diverse pathogenic factors causing M. rosenbergii diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitao Xia
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; (J.X.); (L.Y.); (W.W.); (W.Z.); (T.J.)
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Function Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Maricultural Organism Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Qingdao Key Laboratory of Mariculture Epidemiology and Biosecurity, Qingdao 266071, China; (C.W.); (X.Y.)
| | - Chong Wang
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Function Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Maricultural Organism Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Qingdao Key Laboratory of Mariculture Epidemiology and Biosecurity, Qingdao 266071, China; (C.W.); (X.Y.)
| | - Liang Yao
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; (J.X.); (L.Y.); (W.W.); (W.Z.); (T.J.)
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Function Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Maricultural Organism Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Qingdao Key Laboratory of Mariculture Epidemiology and Biosecurity, Qingdao 266071, China; (C.W.); (X.Y.)
| | - Wei Wang
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; (J.X.); (L.Y.); (W.W.); (W.Z.); (T.J.)
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Function Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Maricultural Organism Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Qingdao Key Laboratory of Mariculture Epidemiology and Biosecurity, Qingdao 266071, China; (C.W.); (X.Y.)
| | - Wenxiu Zhao
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; (J.X.); (L.Y.); (W.W.); (W.Z.); (T.J.)
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Function Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Maricultural Organism Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Qingdao Key Laboratory of Mariculture Epidemiology and Biosecurity, Qingdao 266071, China; (C.W.); (X.Y.)
| | - Tianchang Jia
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; (J.X.); (L.Y.); (W.W.); (W.Z.); (T.J.)
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Function Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Maricultural Organism Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Qingdao Key Laboratory of Mariculture Epidemiology and Biosecurity, Qingdao 266071, China; (C.W.); (X.Y.)
| | - Xingtong Yu
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Function Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Maricultural Organism Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Qingdao Key Laboratory of Mariculture Epidemiology and Biosecurity, Qingdao 266071, China; (C.W.); (X.Y.)
- College of Life Sciences, Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, China
| | - Guoliang Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, China
- Jiangsu Shufeng Prawn Breeding Co., LTD., Gaoyou 225600, China
- Correspondence: (G.Y.); (Q.Z.); Tel.: +86-532-85823062 (Q.Z.); Fax: +86-13905723532 (G.Y.); +86-532-85811514 (Q.Z.)
| | - Qingli Zhang
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; (J.X.); (L.Y.); (W.W.); (W.Z.); (T.J.)
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Function Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Maricultural Organism Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Qingdao Key Laboratory of Mariculture Epidemiology and Biosecurity, Qingdao 266071, China; (C.W.); (X.Y.)
- College of Life Sciences, Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, China
- Correspondence: (G.Y.); (Q.Z.); Tel.: +86-532-85823062 (Q.Z.); Fax: +86-13905723532 (G.Y.); +86-532-85811514 (Q.Z.)
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A Low-Cost AI Buoy System for Monitoring Water Quality at Offshore Aquaculture Cages. SENSORS 2022; 22:s22114078. [PMID: 35684699 PMCID: PMC9185509 DOI: 10.3390/s22114078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The ocean resources have been rapidly depleted in the recent decade, and the complementary role of aquaculture to food security has become more critical than ever before. Water quality is one of the key factors in determining the success of aquaculture and real-time water quality monitoring is an important process for aquaculture. This paper proposes a low-cost and easy-to-build artificial intelligence (AI) buoy system that autonomously measures the related water quality data and instantly forwards them via wireless channels to the shore server. Furthermore, the data provide aquaculture staff with real-time water quality information and also assists server-side AI programs in implementing machine learning techniques to further provide short-term water quality predictions. In particular, we aim to provide a low-cost design by combining simple electronic devices and server-side AI programs for the proposed buoy system to measure water velocity. As a result, the cost for the practical implementation is approximately USD 2015 only to facilitate the proposed AI buoy system to measure the real-time data of dissolved oxygen, salinity, water temperature, and velocity. In addition, the AI buoy system also offers short-term estimations of water temperature and velocity, with mean square errors of 0.021 °C and 0.92 cm/s, respectively. Furthermore, we replaced the use of expensive current meters with a flow sensor tube of only USD 100 to measure water velocity.
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40
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Vallejos-Vidal E, Reyes-López FE, Sandino AM, Imarai M. Sleeping With the Enemy? The Current Knowledge of Piscine Orthoreovirus (PRV) Immune Response Elicited to Counteract Infection. Front Immunol 2022; 13:768621. [PMID: 35464421 PMCID: PMC9019227 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.768621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Piscine orthoreovirus (PRV) is a virus in the genus Orthoreovirus of the Reoviridae family, first described in 2010 associated with Heart and Skeletal Muscle Inflammation (HSMI) in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Three phases of PRV infection have been described, the early entry and dissemination, the acute dissemination phase, and the persistence phase. Depending on the PRV genotype and the host, infection can last for life. Mechanisms of immune response to PRV infection have been just beginning to be studied and the knowledge in this matter is here revised. PRV induces a classical antiviral immune response in experimental infection of salmonid erythrocytes, including transcriptional upregulation of ifn-α, rig-i, mx, and pkr. In addition, transcript upregulation of tcra, tcrb, cd2, il-2, cd4-1, ifn-γ, il-12, and il-18 has been observed in Atlantic salmon infected with PRV, indicating that PRV elicited a Th1 type response probably as a host defense strategy. The high expression levels of cd8a, cd8b, and granzyme-A in PRV-infected fish suggest a positive modulatory effect on the CTL-mediated immune response. This is consistent with PRV-dependent upregulation of the genes involved in antigen presentation, including MHC class I, transporters, and proteasome components. We also review the potential immune mechanisms associated with the persistence phenotype of PRV-infected fish and its consequence for the development of a secondary infection. In this scenario, the application of a vaccination strategy is an urgent and challenging task due to the emergence of this viral infection that threatens salmon farming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Vallejos-Vidal
- Centro de Biotecnología Acuícola, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Agronomía, Universidad de Las Américas, Santiago, Chile
| | - Felipe E Reyes-López
- Centro de Biotecnología Acuícola, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana María Sandino
- Centro de Biotecnología Acuícola, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mónica Imarai
- Centro de Biotecnología Acuícola, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Currie A, Cockerill D, Diez-Padrisa M, Haining H, Henriquez F, Quinn B. Anemia in salmon aquaculture: Scotland as a case study. AQUACULTURE (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2022; 546:737313. [PMID: 35039692 PMCID: PMC8547259 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2021.737313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Anemia in salmonid aquaculture is a recognized blood disorder resulting from the reduction of hemoglobin concentration and/or erythrocyte count. Because of sub-optimal oxygen supply to the tissues, as a negative impact of anemia fish will experience reduced growth and poor health. This health challenge may be linked with several factors including anthropogenic changes in the marine environment, infectious etiology (viral, bacterial, and parasitic), nutritional deficiencies, or hemorrhaging. From the mid-late summer of 2017 to 2019, Scottish salmon farming companies began to report the occurrence of anemic events in open-net marine sites. At that time, the industry had little understanding of the pathogenesis and possible mechanisms of anemia and limited the ability to formulate effective mitigation strategies. Clinical examination of fish raised suspicion of anemia and this was confirmed by generating a packed cell volume value by centrifugation of a microhematocrit tube of whole anticoagulated blood. Company health team members, including vets and biologists, reported discoloration of gills and local hemorrhages. This paper reviews various commercially significant cases and lesser-known cases of anemia in cultured salmonid species induced by various biological factors. The current methods available to assess hematology are addressed and some future methods that could be adopted in modern day fish farming are identified. An account of the most recent anemic event in Scottish farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) is presented and discussed as a case study from information provided by two major Scottish salmon producers. The percent of total marine sites (n = 80) included in this case study, that reported with suspected or clinical anemia covering the period mid-late summer 2017 to 2019, was between 1 and 13%. The findings from this case study suggest that anemia experienced in most cases was regenerative and most likely linked to blood loss from the gills.
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Affiliation(s)
- A.R. Currie
- School of Health and Life Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley, Scotland, UK
- WellFish Diagnostics Ltd, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley, Scotland, UK
| | - D. Cockerill
- Scottish Salmon Company, 8 Melville Crescent, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - M. Diez-Padrisa
- Mowi Scotland Ltd, Blar Mhor Industrial Estate, Fort William, Scotland, UK
| | - H. Haining
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - F.L. Henriquez
- School of Health and Life Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley, Scotland, UK
| | - B. Quinn
- School of Health and Life Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley, Scotland, UK
- WellFish Diagnostics Ltd, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley, Scotland, UK
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Benavides A, Gutiérrez D, Epuyao N, Modak B, Imarai M, Valenzuela B. Alpinone: A positive regulator molecule of immune antiviral response in Atlantic salmon kidney cells. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 126:104262. [PMID: 34543663 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2021.104262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Alpinone is a flavonoid obtained from the resinous exudate of Heliotropium huascoense. This flavonoid shows antiviral activity against the infectious salmon anemia virus (ISAV), which causes severe disease in farmed Atlantic salmon. Here, we aim to elucidate mechanisms underlying the antiviral effects of the flavonoid. In this regard, we evaluated whether Alpinone can act upregulating the pattern-recognition receptor genes, i.e., the RIG-I-like, TLR3, and TLR9 genes, and the genes of the downstream signaling pathways. Transcriptional expression of the genes was analyzed using real-time PCR after 8, 24, and 48 h treatment of salmon kidney adherent cells with 15 μg/mL of Alpinone. First, we showed that Alpinone induced IFNa expression in the kidney adherent cells, indicating that this type of salmon cells is in part responsible for the effects previously reported in vivo. Upregulation of the IFN-induced myxovirus resistance (Mx) gene was also observed in the head kidney cells in response to the treatment. Overexpression reached a maximum level at 24 h post-treatment. Interestingly, Alpinone also induced upregulation of the cytosolic receptors of ssRNA, named Retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) and Melanoma Differentiation-Associated protein 5 (MDA5), but there were no effects on the transcriptional expression of the TLR3 and TLR9 endosomal receptors. In addition, Alpinone upregulated the expression of genes encoding the main components of the RIG-I/MDA5 signaling pathways, such as the mitochondrial antiviral-signaling protein (MAVS), TNF Receptor Associated Factor 3 (TRAF3), TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1), I-kappaB kinase ε (IKKε), the transcription factors IRF-3, and IRF7. The increased expression of all these genes is consistent with the upregulation of IFNa and Mx mRNAs. Because BX795 completely prevents Alpinone-dependent upregulation of IFNa and IRF3, the flavonoid targets seem to be upstream of the kinases TBK1 and IKKε. Altogether, this study contributes to elucidating the mechanisms involved in Alpinone antiviral activity in fish. Alpinone can be used to counteract virus mechanisms of evasion where the onset of interferon-mediated response is prevented or delayed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Almendra Benavides
- Natural Product Chemistry Laboratory, Aquatic Biotechnology Center, Chemistry and Biology Faculty, Environmental Sciences Department, University of Santiago of Chile, Av. Bernardo O'Higgins, 3363, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Daniela Gutiérrez
- Natural Product Chemistry Laboratory, Aquatic Biotechnology Center, Chemistry and Biology Faculty, Environmental Sciences Department, University of Santiago of Chile, Av. Bernardo O'Higgins, 3363, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Nadia Epuyao
- Natural Product Chemistry Laboratory, Aquatic Biotechnology Center, Chemistry and Biology Faculty, Environmental Sciences Department, University of Santiago of Chile, Av. Bernardo O'Higgins, 3363, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Brenda Modak
- Natural Product Chemistry Laboratory, Aquatic Biotechnology Center, Chemistry and Biology Faculty, Environmental Sciences Department, University of Santiago of Chile, Av. Bernardo O'Higgins, 3363, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Mónica Imarai
- Immunology Laboratory, Aquatic Biotechnology Center, Biology Department, Chemistry and Biology Faculty, University of Santiago of Chile, Av. Bernardo O'Higgins, 3363, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Beatriz Valenzuela
- Natural Product Chemistry Laboratory, Aquatic Biotechnology Center, Chemistry and Biology Faculty, Environmental Sciences Department, University of Santiago of Chile, Av. Bernardo O'Higgins, 3363, Santiago, Chile.
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Woodhams DC, Madison JD, Bletz MC, McCartney J, LaBumbard BC, Whetstone R, McDonnell NB, Preissler K, Sabino-Pinto J, Piovia-Scott J. Responsible biosecurity and risk mitigation for laboratory research on emerging pathogens of amphibians. DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS 2021; 147:141-148. [PMID: 34913442 DOI: 10.3354/dao03636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The increasing study of emerging wildlife pathogens and a lack of policy or legislation regulating their translocation and use has heightened concerns about laboratory escape, species spillover, and subsequent epizootics among animal populations. Responsible self-regulation by research laboratories, in conjunction with institutional-level safeguards, has an important role in mitigating pathogen transmission and spillover, as well as potential interspecies pathogenesis. A model system in disease ecology that highlights these concerns and related amelioration efforts is research focused on amphibian emerging infectious diseases. Whereas laboratory escape of amphibian pathogens has not been reported and may be rare compared with introduction events from trade or human globalization, the threat that novel disease outbreaks with mass mortality effects pose to wild populations warrants thorough biosecurity measures to ensure containment and prevent spillover. Here, we present a case study of the laboratory biosecurity concerns for the emerging amphibian fungal pathogen Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans. We conclude that proactive biosecurity strategies are needed to integrate researcher and institutional oversight of aquatic wildlife pathogens generally, and we call for increased national and international policy and legislative enforcement. Furthermore, taking professional responsibility beyond current regulations is needed as development of legal guidance can be slow at national and international levels. We outline the need for annual laboratory risk assessments, comprehensive training for all laboratory personnel, and appropriate safeguards specific to pathogens under study. These strategies are critical for upholding the integrity and credibility of the scientific community and maintaining public support for research on wildlife diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas C Woodhams
- Biology Department, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA 02125, USA
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Liu S, Xu T, Wang C, Jia T, Zhang Q. A Novel Picornavirus Discovered in White Leg Shrimp Penaeus vannamei. Viruses 2021; 13:v13122381. [PMID: 34960649 PMCID: PMC8706678 DOI: 10.3390/v13122381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Global shrimp farming is increasingly threatened by various emerging viruses. In the present study, a novel picornavirus, Penaeus vannamei picornavirus (PvPV), was discovered in moribund White leg shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) collected from farm ponds in China in 2015. Similar to most picornaviruses, PvPV is non-enveloped RNA virus, with a particle diameter of approximately 30 nm. The sequence of the positive single-stranded RNA genome with a length of 10,550 nts was characterized by using genome sequencing and reverse transcription PCR. The existence of PvPV related proteins was further proved by confirmation of viral amino acid sequences, using mass spectrometry analysis. Phylogenetic analysis based on the full-length genomic sequence revealed that PvPV was more closely related to the Wenzhou shrimp virus 8 than to any other dicistroviruses in the order Picornavirales. Genomic sequence conservative domain prediction analysis showed that the PvPV genome encoded a large tegument protein UL36, which was unique among the known dicistroviruses and different from other dicistroviruses. According to these molecular features, we proposed that PvPV is a new species in the family Dicistroviridae. This study reported the first whole-genome sequence of a novel and distinct picornavirus in crustaceans, PvPV, and suggests that further studies of PvPV would be helpful in understanding its evolution and potential pathogenicity, as well as in developing diagnostic techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Liu
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Mariculture Epidemiology and Biosecurity, Key Laboratory of Maricultural Organism Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; (S.L.); (T.X.); (C.W.); (T.J.)
| | - Tingting Xu
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Mariculture Epidemiology and Biosecurity, Key Laboratory of Maricultural Organism Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; (S.L.); (T.X.); (C.W.); (T.J.)
| | - Chong Wang
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Mariculture Epidemiology and Biosecurity, Key Laboratory of Maricultural Organism Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; (S.L.); (T.X.); (C.W.); (T.J.)
| | - Tianchang Jia
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Mariculture Epidemiology and Biosecurity, Key Laboratory of Maricultural Organism Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; (S.L.); (T.X.); (C.W.); (T.J.)
| | - Qingli Zhang
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Mariculture Epidemiology and Biosecurity, Key Laboratory of Maricultural Organism Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; (S.L.); (T.X.); (C.W.); (T.J.)
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-532-8582-3062 (ext. 812)
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Abbadi M, Gastaldelli M, Pascoli F, Zamperin G, Buratin A, Bedendo G, Toffan A, Panzarin V. Increased virulence of Italian infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) associated with the emergence of new strains. Virus Evol 2021; 7:veab056. [PMID: 34754510 PMCID: PMC8570149 DOI: 10.1093/ve/veab056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) is the causative agent of IHN triggering a systemic syndrome in salmonid fish. Although IHNV has always been associated with low levels of mortality in Italian trout farming industries, in the last years trout farmers have experienced severe disease outbreaks. However, the observed increasing virulence of IHNV is still based on empirical evidence due to the poor and often confounding information from the field. Virulence characterization of a selection of sixteen Italian isolates was performed through in vivo challenge of juvenile rainbow trout to confirm field evidence. The virulence of each strain was firstly described in terms of cumulative mortality and survival probability estimated by Kaplan-Meier curves. Furthermore, parametric survival models were applied to analyze the mortality rate profiles. Hence, it was possible to characterize the strain-specific mortality peaks and to relate their topology to virulence and mortality. Indeed, a positive correlation between maximum mortality probability and virulence was observed for all the strains. Results also indicate that more virulent is the strain, the earliest and narrowest is the mortality peak. Additionally, intra-host viral quantification determined in dead animals showed a significant correlation between viral replication and virulence. Whole-genome phylogeny conducted to determine whether there was a relation between virulence phenotype and IHNV genetics evidenced no clear clustering according to phenotype. Moreover, a root-to-tip analysis based on genetic distances and sampling date of Italian IHNV isolates highlighted a relevant temporal signal indicating an evolving nature of the virus, over time, with the more virulent strains being the more recent ones. This study provides the first systematic characterization of Italian IHNV's virulence. Overall results confirm field data and point out an abrupt increase in IHNV virulence, with strains from 2015-2019 showing moderate to high virulence in rainbow trout. Further investigations are needed in order to extensively clarify the relation between evolution and virulence of IHNV and investigate the genetic determinants of virulence of this viral species in rainbow trout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Abbadi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Viale dell'Università 10, 35020, Legnaro, Padova, Italy
| | - Michele Gastaldelli
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Viale dell'Università 10, 35020, Legnaro, Padova, Italy
| | - Francesco Pascoli
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Viale dell'Università 10, 35020, Legnaro, Padova, Italy
| | - Gianpiero Zamperin
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Viale dell'Università 10, 35020, Legnaro, Padova, Italy
| | - Alessandra Buratin
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Viale dell'Università 10, 35020, Legnaro, Padova, Italy
| | - Giulia Bedendo
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Viale dell'Università 10, 35020, Legnaro, Padova, Italy
| | - Anna Toffan
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Viale dell'Università 10, 35020, Legnaro, Padova, Italy
| | - Valentina Panzarin
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Viale dell'Università 10, 35020, Legnaro, Padova, Italy
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Muñoz C, González-Lorca J, Parra M, Soto S, Valdes N, Sandino AM, Vargas R, González A, Tello M. Lactococcus lactis Expressing Type I Interferon From Atlantic Salmon Enhances the Innate Antiviral Immune Response In Vivo and In Vitro. Front Immunol 2021; 12:696781. [PMID: 34475871 PMCID: PMC8406758 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.696781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In salmon farming, viruses are responsible for outbreaks that produce significant economic losses for which there is a lack of control tools other than vaccines. Type I interferon has been successfully used for treating some chronic viral infections in humans. However, its application in salmonids depends on the proper design of a vehicle that allows its massive administration, ideally orally. In mammals, administration of recombinant probiotics capable of expressing cytokines has shown local and systemic therapeutic effects. In this work, we evaluate the use of Lactococcus lactis as a type I Interferon expression system in Atlantic salmon, and we analyze its ability to stimulate the antiviral immune response against IPNV, in vivo and in vitro. The interferon expressed in L. lactis, even though it was located mainly in the bacterial cytoplasm, was functional, stimulating Mx and PKR expression in CHSE-214 cells, and reducing the IPNV viral load in SHK-1 cells. In vivo, the oral administration of this L. lactis producer of Interferon I increases Mx and PKR expression, mainly in the spleen, and to a lesser extent, in the head kidney. The oral administration of this strain also reduces the IPNV viral load in Atlantic salmon specimens challenged with this pathogen. Our results show that oral administration of L. lactis producing Interferon I induces systemic effects in Atlantic salmon, allowing to stimulate the antiviral immune response. This probiotic could have effects against a wide variety of viruses that infect Atlantic salmon and also be effective in other salmonids due to the high identity among their type I interferons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Muñoz
- Laboratorio de Metagenómica Bacteriana, Centro de Biotecnología Acuícola, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Josue González-Lorca
- Laboratorio de Metagenómica Bacteriana, Centro de Biotecnología Acuícola, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mick Parra
- Laboratorio de Metagenómica Bacteriana, Centro de Biotecnología Acuícola, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sarita Soto
- Laboratorio de Metagenómica Bacteriana, Centro de Biotecnología Acuícola, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Natalia Valdes
- Laboratorio de Metagenómica Bacteriana, Centro de Biotecnología Acuícola, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ana María Sandino
- Laboratorio de Virología, Centro de Biotecnología Acuícola, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,ActivaQ S.A., Santiago, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Vargas
- Laboratorio de Metagenómica Bacteriana, Centro de Biotecnología Acuícola, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alex González
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Ambiental y Extremófilos, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Biodiversidad, Universidad de los Lagos, Osorno, Chile
| | - Mario Tello
- Laboratorio de Metagenómica Bacteriana, Centro de Biotecnología Acuícola, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,IctioBiotic SpA, Santiago, Chile
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Zhou A, Xie S, Zhang Y, Chuan J, Tang H, Li X, Zhang L, Xu G, Zou J. Interaction of environmental eukaryotic microorganisms and fungi in the pond-cultured carps: new insights into the potential pathogenic fungi in the freshwater aquaculture. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:38839-38854. [PMID: 33745047 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13231-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The quality and safety of the aquatic products have gradually become the focus of global attention. In this study, the environmental eukaryotic and fungi communities in pond-cultured grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) and the koi carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) were investigated. For comparative analysis, the alpha diversity shows that the environmental microbial abundance in the koi carp groups were higher than that in the grass carp groups, while beta diversity reveals that the differences of the microbial community composition and structures in the grass carp groups were significantly higher than those in the koi carp groups. Meanwhile, the environmental microbial diversity of grass carp groups was higher than that of koi carp groups at phylum level, but showed no significant difference at genus level. Additionally, the dominant total phyla were Opisthokonta, Stramenopiles plusAlveolates plusRhizaria, Archaeplastida, Cryptophyceae, and Centrohelida for the 18S rRNA gene and Ciliophora, Chlorophyta, and Ascomycota for the ITS2 rRNA gene in both of the two carp groups. Additionally, annotation analysis showed that the biomarkers in the grass carp groups are significantly higher than those of the koi carp groups. Furthermore, the functional prediction of Funguild showed significant difference in outputs, while similarity in trophic modes and guild types between the two carp groups. Meanwhile, the total relative abundances of animal pathogen, fungal parasite, and plant pathogen were extremely similar between the two carp groups. Surprisingly, one pathogenic fungus of genus Fusarium was identified in both the environments of two carp groups based on filtered operational taxonomic unit tables. Overall, this is the first robust report to understand the characteristics of environmental eukaryotic microorganisms and fungi in the edible and ornamental carps. Our results also provide the basic data for the prevention of fungal diseases and the healthy culture of the carps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiguo Zhou
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, 93 Mount Edward Road, Charlottetown, PEI C1A 5 T1, Canada
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Shaolin Xie
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Departments of Neurology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Jiacheng Chuan
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, 93 Mount Edward Road, Charlottetown, PEI C1A 5 T1, Canada
| | - Huijuan Tang
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, 93 Mount Edward Road, Charlottetown, PEI C1A 5 T1, Canada
| | - Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070, China
| | - Guohuan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070, China.
| | - Jixing Zou
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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Producing Vaccines against Enveloped Viruses in Plants: Making the Impossible, Difficult. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9070780. [PMID: 34358196 PMCID: PMC8310165 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9070780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The past 30 years have seen the growth of plant molecular farming as an approach to the production of recombinant proteins for pharmaceutical and biotechnological uses. Much of this effort has focused on producing vaccine candidates against viral diseases, including those caused by enveloped viruses. These represent a particular challenge given the difficulties associated with expressing and purifying membrane-bound proteins and achieving correct assembly. Despite this, there have been notable successes both from a biochemical and a clinical perspective, with a number of clinical trials showing great promise. This review will explore the history and current status of plant-produced vaccine candidates against enveloped viruses to date, with a particular focus on virus-like particles (VLPs), which mimic authentic virus structures but do not contain infectious genetic material.
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49
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Mugimba KK, Byarugaba DK, Mutoloki S, Evensen Ø, Munang’andu HM. Challenges and Solutions to Viral Diseases of Finfish in Marine Aquaculture. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10060673. [PMID: 34070735 PMCID: PMC8227678 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10060673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aquaculture is the fastest food-producing sector in the world, accounting for one-third of global food production. As is the case with all intensive farming systems, increase in infectious diseases has adversely impacted the growth of marine fish farming worldwide. Viral diseases cause high economic losses in marine aquaculture. We provide an overview of the major challenges limiting the control and prevention of viral diseases in marine fish farming, as well as highlight potential solutions. The major challenges include increase in the number of emerging viral diseases, wild reservoirs, migratory species, anthropogenic activities, limitations in diagnostic tools and expertise, transportation of virus contaminated ballast water, and international trade. The proposed solutions to these problems include developing biosecurity policies at global and national levels, implementation of biosecurity measures, vaccine development, use of antiviral drugs and probiotics to combat viral infections, selective breeding of disease-resistant fish, use of improved diagnostic tools, disease surveillance, as well as promoting the use of good husbandry and management practices. A multifaceted approach combining several control strategies would provide more effective long-lasting solutions to reduction in viral infections in marine aquaculture than using a single disease control approach like vaccination alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kizito K. Mugimba
- Department of Biotechnical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala P.O. Box 7062, Uganda;
- Correspondence: (K.K.M.); (H.M.M.); Tel.: +256-772-56-7940 (K.K.M.); +47-98-86-86-83 (H.M.M.)
| | - Denis K. Byarugaba
- Department of Biotechnical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala P.O. Box 7062, Uganda;
| | - Stephen Mutoloki
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 369, 0102 Oslo, Norway; (S.M.); (Ø.E.)
| | - Øystein Evensen
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 369, 0102 Oslo, Norway; (S.M.); (Ø.E.)
| | - Hetron M. Munang’andu
- Department of Production Animal Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 369, 0102 Oslo, Norway
- Correspondence: (K.K.M.); (H.M.M.); Tel.: +256-772-56-7940 (K.K.M.); +47-98-86-86-83 (H.M.M.)
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Yamkasem J, Tattiyapong P, Gorgoglione B, Surachetpong W. Uncovering the first occurrence of Tilapia parvovirus in Thailand in tilapia during co-infection with Tilapia tilapinevirus. Transbound Emerg Dis 2021; 68:3136-3144. [PMID: 33960141 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The recently discovered Tilapia parvovirus (TiPV) was the first Parvovirus confirmed to infect fish, causing mortality outbreaks in farmed adult Nile tilapia in China. Severe mortality outbreaks caused by Tilapia tilapinevirus (TiLV) to farmed tilapia in Thailand revealed the concomitant occurrence of TiPV. Out of ten fish farms screened, TiPV was detected in one site rearing juvenile red hybrid tilapia. Clinical signs included abnormal swimming, scale protrusion, skin and muscle haemorrhaging, exophthalmia and generalized anaemia. Histological findings showed extensive infiltration of lymphocytes, with increased melanomacrophage centres in the anterior kidney and spleen, erythrocyte depletion in the spleen and hepatic syncytial cells. Both TiLV and TiPV were systemically distributed in the body of moribund fish. The analysis of the near-complete TiPV genome isolated from Thailand revealed 98.74% sequence identity to the formerly isolated from China, together with a highly conserved and comparable genomic organization and with a 3 nucleotides deletion in the 5-UTR. The viral genome structure was highly conserved for each of its components, with nucleotide and amino acid identity ranging from 100% for ORF1 to 97% for ORF2, and with conserved HuH and Walker loop motifs within NS1. Taken together, our results document the first detection of TiPV outside China, thus for the first time in Thailand. Moreover, TiPV was detected for the first time during a natural occurrence in farmed red hybrid tilapia and involved in co-infection pattern with TiLV. Diagnostic investigations during tilapia disease outbreaks should include the screening for TiPV. Further studies are needed to elucidate TiPV genomic variance, pathobiology, including focussing on the outcomes of TiLV-TiPV co-infection patterns, necessary to enable risk assessment for the worldwide spreading of TiPV and to design adequate control measures against these emerging viruses in tilapia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jidapa Yamkasem
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Puntanat Tattiyapong
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Bartolomeo Gorgoglione
- Aquatic Animal Health Laboratory, Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, CVM & Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, CANR - Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Win Surachetpong
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
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