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Peluso-Iltis C, Pierrat N, Rovito D, Osz J, Sawada D, Kittaka A, Laverny G, Rochel N. 4-Hydroxy-1α,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D 3: Synthesis and Structure-Function Study. Biomolecules 2024; 14:551. [PMID: 38785958 PMCID: PMC11117473 DOI: 10.3390/biom14050551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The active vitamin D metabolites, 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25D3) and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25D3), are produced by successive hydroxylation steps and play key roles in several cellular processes. However, alternative metabolic pathways exist, and among them, the 4-hydroxylation of 25D3 is a major one. This study aims to investigate the structure-activity relationships of 4-hydroxy derivatives of 1,25D3. Structural analysis indicates that 1,4α,25(OH)3D3 and 1,4β,25(OH)3D3 maintain the anchoring hydrogen bonds of 1,25D3 and form additional interactions, stabilizing the active conformation of VDR. In addition, 1,4α,25D3 and 1,4β,25D3 are as potent as 1,25D3 in regulating the expression of VDR target genes in rat intestinal epithelial cells and in the mouse kidney. Moreover, these two 4-hydroxy derivatives promote hypercalcemia in mice at a dose similar to that of the parent compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carole Peluso-Iltis
- Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology (IGBMC), 67400 Illkirch, France; (C.P.-I.); (G.L.)
- CNRS UMR 7104, 67400 Illkirch, France
- Inserm U1258, 67400 Illkirch, France
- University of Strasbourg, 67400 Illkirch, France
| | - Noé Pierrat
- Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology (IGBMC), 67400 Illkirch, France; (C.P.-I.); (G.L.)
- CNRS UMR 7104, 67400 Illkirch, France
- Inserm U1258, 67400 Illkirch, France
- University of Strasbourg, 67400 Illkirch, France
| | - Daniela Rovito
- Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology (IGBMC), 67400 Illkirch, France; (C.P.-I.); (G.L.)
- CNRS UMR 7104, 67400 Illkirch, France
- Inserm U1258, 67400 Illkirch, France
- University of Strasbourg, 67400 Illkirch, France
| | - Judit Osz
- Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology (IGBMC), 67400 Illkirch, France; (C.P.-I.); (G.L.)
- CNRS UMR 7104, 67400 Illkirch, France
- Inserm U1258, 67400 Illkirch, France
- University of Strasbourg, 67400 Illkirch, France
| | - Daisuke Sawada
- Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushimanaka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan;
| | - Atsushi Kittaka
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo University, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan;
| | - Gilles Laverny
- Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology (IGBMC), 67400 Illkirch, France; (C.P.-I.); (G.L.)
- CNRS UMR 7104, 67400 Illkirch, France
- Inserm U1258, 67400 Illkirch, France
- University of Strasbourg, 67400 Illkirch, France
| | - Natacha Rochel
- Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology (IGBMC), 67400 Illkirch, France; (C.P.-I.); (G.L.)
- CNRS UMR 7104, 67400 Illkirch, France
- Inserm U1258, 67400 Illkirch, France
- University of Strasbourg, 67400 Illkirch, France
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Du Q, Shao R, Wang W, Zhang H, Liao X, Wang Z, Yin Z, Ai Q, Mai K, Tang X, Wan M. Vitamin D3 Regulates Energy Homeostasis under Short-Term Fasting Condition in Zebrafish (Danio Rerio). Nutrients 2024; 16:1271. [PMID: 38732518 PMCID: PMC11085765 DOI: 10.3390/nu16091271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D3 (VD3) is a steroid hormone that plays pivotal roles in pathophysiology, and 1,25(OH)2D3 is the most active form of VD3. In the current study, the crucial role of VD3 in maintaining energy homeostasis under short-term fasting conditions was investigated. Our results confirmed that glucose-depriving pathways were inhibited while glucose-producing pathways were strengthened in zebrafish after fasting for 24 or 48 h. Moreover, VD3 anabolism in zebrafish was significantly suppressed in a time-dependent manner under short-fasting conditions. After fasting for 24 or 48 h, zebrafish fed with VD3 displayed a higher gluconeogenesis level and lower glycolysis level in the liver, and the serum glucose was maintained at higher levels, compared to those fed without VD3. Additionally, VD3 augmented the expression of fatty acids (FAs) transporter cd36 and lipogenesis in the liver, while enhancing lipolysis in the dorsal muscle. Similar results were obtained in cyp2r1-/- zebrafish, in which VD3 metabolism is obstructed. Importantly, it was observed that VD3 induced the production of gut GLP-1, which is considered to possess a potent gluconeogenic function in zebrafish. Meanwhile, the gene expression of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 1 (pcsk1), a GLP-1 processing enzyme, was also induced in the intestine of short-term fasted zebrafish. Notably, gut microbiota and its metabolite acetate were involved in VD3-regulated pcsk1 expression and GLP-1 production under short-term fasting conditions. In summary, our study demonstrated that VD3 regulated GLP-1 production in zebrafish by influencing gut microbiota and its metabolite, contributing to energy homeostasis and ameliorating hypoglycemia under short-term fasting conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyang Du
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture & Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Rui Shao
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture & Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Wentao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture & Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture & Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Xinmeng Liao
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture & Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Zhihao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture & Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Zhan Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Qinghui Ai
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture & Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Kangsen Mai
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture & Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Xiao Tang
- Division of Physiological Chemistry II, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Min Wan
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture & Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
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Pavlidou E, Poulios E, Papadopoulou SK, Fasoulas A, Dakanalis A, Giaginis C. Clinical Evidence on the Potential Beneficial Effects of Diet and Dietary Supplements against COVID-19 Infection Risk and Symptoms' Severity. Med Sci (Basel) 2024; 12:11. [PMID: 38390861 PMCID: PMC10885051 DOI: 10.3390/medsci12010011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diet and dietary supplements aim to add trace elements, vitamins, and minerals to the body to improve human health and boost the immune system. In the previous few years, the new SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus strain has been threatening the health of individuals and public health more broadly, with rates of intensive care unit cases on the rise, while long-term COVID-19 complications are persisting until today. In the peculiar circumstances of the COVID-19 pandemic, in combination with disease prevention techniques, the strengthening of the immune system is considered particularly important to enable it to effectively respond to and eliminate the SARS-CoV-2 viral pathogen in the event of infection. The purpose of the current literature review is to thoroughly summarize and critically analyze the current clinical data concerning the potential beneficial effects of diet and dietary supplements against COVID-19 infection risk and symptoms' severity. The micronutrients/supplements examined in this study in relation to COVID-19 infection are vitamins A, B, C, and D, zinc, selenium, magnesium, iron, omega-3 fatty acids, glutamine, resveratrol, beta-glucans, and probiotics. The potential effects of dietary patterns such as the Mediterranean diet against SARS-CoV-2 infection risk and symptoms' severity were also analyzed. Our literature review suggests that micro- and macronutrient supplementation and a healthy diet and lifestyle may provide support to immune system function, with beneficial effects both before and during SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, additional studies are recommended to draw safe conclusions and formulate dietary recommendations concerning dietary supplements and their possible effects on preventing and co-treating COVID-19 disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Pavlidou
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Environment, University of the Aegean, 81400 Lemnos, Greece; (E.P.); (E.P.); (A.F.)
| | - Efthymios Poulios
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Environment, University of the Aegean, 81400 Lemnos, Greece; (E.P.); (E.P.); (A.F.)
| | - Sousana K. Papadopoulou
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, International Hellenic University, 57400 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Aristeidis Fasoulas
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Environment, University of the Aegean, 81400 Lemnos, Greece; (E.P.); (E.P.); (A.F.)
| | - Antonios Dakanalis
- Department of Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Via G.B. Pergolesi 33, 20900 Monza, MB, Italy;
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan Bicocca, Via Cadore 38, 20900 Monza, MB, Italy
| | - Constantinos Giaginis
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Environment, University of the Aegean, 81400 Lemnos, Greece; (E.P.); (E.P.); (A.F.)
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Silva ALOD. E-cigarettes with vitamins and nutrients: where quackery and technology meet. CAD SAUDE PUBLICA 2024; 40:e00024223. [PMID: 38324865 PMCID: PMC10841376 DOI: 10.1590/0102-311xpt024223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
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Oubouchou R, -Djeraba ZAA, Kemikem Y, Otmani F, Touil-Boukoffa C. Immunomodulatory effect of vitamin D supplementation on Behçet's disease patients: effect on nitric oxide and Th17/Treg cytokines production. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2024; 46:1-10. [PMID: 37535442 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2023.2239490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In the last decade, an immuno-modulatory effect of vitamin D supplementation have emerged as a potential therapeutic approach for some inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. As previously reported, vitamin D deficiency was strongly linked to several diseases as Behçet's disease (BD). BD is a chronic systemic inflammatory disorder with autoimmunity, genetic and environmental factors involvement. The aim of our current study is to set up a new therapeutic strategy in BD, combining conventional therapy and vitamin D supplementation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Blood samples were collected from active and inactive BD patients and healthy controls (HC) to evaluate 25(OH) vitamin D levels using an electrochemiluminescence method. All deficient and insufficient vitamin D BD patients' were supplemented with vitamin D3 (CHOLECALCIFEROL, 200 000 UI/1 ml). In this context, NO, IL-17A and IL-10 levels were evaluated in patients and HC in vivo and ex vivo using Griess and ELISA methods respectively. RESULTS Before supplementation, we noted with interest that BD patients had vitamin D deficiency, associated with elevated in vivo and ex vivo NO and IL-17A levels compared to HC. Conversely, low IL-10 levels were observed in the same BD patients in comparison to HC. Interestingly, restored vitamin D status in supplemented BD patients was related to the decreased NO levels. In the same way, the IL-10/IL-17A ratio was improved. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, our data suggest that vitamin D supplementation in combination with conventional treatments has a beneficial effect and could constitute a good therapeutic candidate for alleviating inflammatory responses during Behçet disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randa Oubouchou
- Cytokines and NO Synthases Team, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology (LBCM), Biological Sciences Faculty, University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene (USTHB), Algiers, Algeria
| | - Zineb Ait Arab -Djeraba
- Cytokines and NO Synthases Team, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology (LBCM), Biological Sciences Faculty, University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene (USTHB), Algiers, Algeria
| | - Yassmine Kemikem
- Internal medicine service at Mustapha Bacha Hospital, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Fifi Otmani
- Internal medicine service at Mustapha Bacha Hospital, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Chafia Touil-Boukoffa
- Cytokines and NO Synthases Team, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology (LBCM), Biological Sciences Faculty, University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene (USTHB), Algiers, Algeria
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Liu S, Tan B, Zhou J, Xiao L, Li M, Yin J. Vitamin D status and the risk of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Neurosci 2024; 119:185-192. [PMID: 38113581 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2023.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have linked vitamin D deficiency with autoimmune diseases, and recent research has found low vitamin D levels in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) patients. We aimed to determine the variances in serum 25(OH)D levels between NMOSD patients and healthy controls. METHODS We searched English and Chinese databases (PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, CBM, CNKI, WanFang Med, VIP) for observational studies related to serum 25(OH)D levels in NMOSD patients published up to August 24, 2023. We included studies with healthy controls and compared serum 25(OH)D levels between NMOSD patients and controls. We computed the mean difference (MD) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for continuous variables to evaluate serum 25(OH)D levels and combined odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs for dichotomized 25(OH)D data. RESULTS Six papers were selected for meta-analysis, including 794 participants (347 in the NMOSD group and 447 in the healthy control group). Meta-analysis showed significantly lower serum 25(OH)D levels in the NMOSD group (MD: -7.83, 95 % CI: -10.99 to -4.68). The risk of 25(OH)D deficiency was 23.36 times higher in the NMOSD group (OR: 23.36, 95 % CI: 0.85 to 640.76, p = 0.06>0.05), with a 94 % occurrence rate. There was no significant difference in the risk of having sufficient 25(OH)D between the groups (p = 0.12>0.05). CONCLUSION NMOSD patients have lower serum 25(OH)D levels than healthy controls. However, the current research results do not provide evidence for a causal relationship between serum 25(OH)D levels and the onset of NMOSD. Routine vitamin D supplementation may be advantageous for patients with NMOSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangxi Liu
- Department of Neurology, Hunan University of Medicine General Hospital, Hunan 418000, PR China
| | - Bichun Tan
- Department of Neurology, People's Hospital of Mayang Miao Autonomous County, Hunan 419400, PR China
| | - Jun Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Hunan University of Medicine General Hospital, Hunan 418000, PR China
| | - Liqian Xiao
- Department of Health Management Center, Hunan University of Medicine General Hospital, Hunan 418000, PR China
| | - Minxia Li
- Department of Neurology, Hunan University of Medicine General Hospital, Hunan 418000, PR China
| | - Junjie Yin
- Department of Neurology, Hunan University of Medicine General Hospital, Hunan 418000, PR China.
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Tang J, Shan S, Li F, Yun P. Effects of vitamin D supplementation on autoantibodies and thyroid function in patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e36759. [PMID: 38206745 PMCID: PMC10754614 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000036759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) is the prevailing form of autoimmune thyroiditis and the leading cause of hypothyroidism in iodine-sufficient regions worldwide. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of vitamin D supplementation on HT through a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). METHODS The databases searched included PubMed, and others. We included RCTs that the treatment group received vitamin D, while the control group received either a placebo or no treatment. The studies measured the baseline and endpoint levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxine (FT4), free triiodothyronine (FT3), anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPO-Ab), and thyroglobulin antibody (TG-Ab). We performed a meta-analysis to calculate the standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI). RESULTS A total of 12 studies involving 862 individuals were included. Vitamin D supplementation has a significant impact on reducing the titers of TPO-Ab (SMD = -1.084, 95% CI = -1.624 to -0.545) and TG-Ab (SMD = -0.996, 95% CI = -1.579 to -0.413) in patients with HT, and it also improves thyroid function by decreasing TSH level (SMD = -0.167, 95% CI = -0.302 to 0.031) and increasing FT3 (SMD = 0.549, 95% CI = 0.077-1.020) and FT4 (SMD = 0.734, 95% CI = 0.184-1.285) levels. Active vitamin D (calcitriol) significantly reduces the titer of TPO-Ab compared to naive forms of vitamin D (vitamin D2 or D3); treatment durations > 12 weeks result in a more effective reduction of TPO-Ab levels and a more significant increase in FT4 and FT3 levels in patients with HT (meta-regression P < .05). CONCLUSION Vitamin D supplementation may have beneficial effects on HT patients by modulating immune responses and improving thyroid function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahao Tang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shuanghong Shan
- Department of Endocrinology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Fangping Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Peng Yun
- Department of Endocrinology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
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Szabó É, Csölle I, Felső R, Kuellenberg de Gaudry D, Nyakundi PN, Ibrahim K, Metzendorf MI, Ferenci T, Lohner S. Benefits and Harms of Edible Vegetable Oils and Fats Fortified with Vitamins A and D as a Public Health Intervention in the General Population: A Systematic Review of Interventions. Nutrients 2023; 15:5135. [PMID: 38140394 PMCID: PMC10745565 DOI: 10.3390/nu15245135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
This systematic review aims to assess whether edible vegetable oils and fats fortified with vitamin A and/or D are effective and safe in improving vitamin intake and ameliorating deficiency states in the general population. In November 2022, we systematically searched MEDLINE, Cochrane CENTRAL, Scopus, Global Index Medicus, ClinicalTrials.gov, and WHO ICTRP (International Clinical Trials Registry Platform) for randomized controlled trials (RCT) and non-randomized studies of interventions (NRSI) investigating the fortification of edible vegetable oils and fats with either vitamin A or vitamin D or both as compared to the same vegetable oils and/or fats without vitamin A and D fortification or no interventions, in the general population, without age restriction. We assessed the methodological quality of included RCTs using Cochrane's risk of bias tool 2.0 and of NRSIs using ROBINS-I tool. We performed random-effects meta-analysis and assessed certainty of evidence using GRADE. We included eight studies. Available evidence showed no significant effect of fortification with vitamin A on serum retinol levels (RCTs: MD 0.35 µmol/L, 95% CI -0.43 to 1.12; two trials; 514 participants; low-certainty evidence; CCTs: MD 0.31 µmol/L, 95% CI -0.18 to 0.80; two trials; 205 participants; very low-certainty evidence) and on subclinical vitamin A deficiency. Low-certainty evidence showed no effect of vitamin D fortification on serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D concentration (MD 6.59 nmol/L, 95% CI -6.89 to 20.07; one trial; 62 participants). In conclusion, vitamin A-fortified vegetable oils and fats may result in little to no difference in serum retinol levels in general populations. The dose of vitamin A used in the trials may be safe but may not be sufficient to reduce subclinical vitamin A deficiency. Further, the evidence suggests that vitamin D fortification results in little to no difference in serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D concentration. Several aspects of providing fortified oils and fats to the general population as a public health intervention should be further investigated, including optimal fortification dose, effects on vitamin D deficiency and its clinical symptoms and potential adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Éva Szabó
- Cochrane Hungary, Clinical Centre of the University of Pécs, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7623 Pécs, Hungary; (É.S.); (I.C.); (R.F.); (D.K.d.G.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Ildikó Csölle
- Cochrane Hungary, Clinical Centre of the University of Pécs, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7623 Pécs, Hungary; (É.S.); (I.C.); (R.F.); (D.K.d.G.)
- National Laboratory for Human Reproduction, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pécs, 7621 Pécs, Hungary;
| | - Regina Felső
- Cochrane Hungary, Clinical Centre of the University of Pécs, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7623 Pécs, Hungary; (É.S.); (I.C.); (R.F.); (D.K.d.G.)
- National Laboratory for Human Reproduction, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
- Genomics and Bioinformatics Core Facility, Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Daniela Kuellenberg de Gaudry
- Cochrane Hungary, Clinical Centre of the University of Pécs, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7623 Pécs, Hungary; (É.S.); (I.C.); (R.F.); (D.K.d.G.)
| | - Patrick Nyamemba Nyakundi
- Doctoral School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pécs, 7621 Pécs, Hungary;
- Department of Public Health Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary;
| | - Kazahyet Ibrahim
- Department of Public Health Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary;
| | - Maria-Inti Metzendorf
- Institute of General Practice, Medical Faculty of the Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany;
| | - Tamás Ferenci
- Physiological Controls Research Center, Obuda University, 1034 Budapest, Hungary;
- Department of Statistics, Corvinus University of Budapest, 1093 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Szimonetta Lohner
- Cochrane Hungary, Clinical Centre of the University of Pécs, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7623 Pécs, Hungary; (É.S.); (I.C.); (R.F.); (D.K.d.G.)
- Department of Public Health Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary;
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Boyd NK, Nguyen J, Khoshnood MM, Jiang T, Nguyen L, Mendez L, Spinazzi NA, Manning MA, Rafii MS, Santoro JD. Hypovitaminosis D in persons with Down syndrome and autism spectrum disorder. J Neurodev Disord 2023; 15:35. [PMID: 37880588 PMCID: PMC10599027 DOI: 10.1186/s11689-023-09503-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plasma levels of vitamin D have been reported to be low in persons with Down syndrome (DS) and existing data is limited to small and homogenous cohorts. This is of particular importance in persons with DS given the high rates of autoimmune disease in this population and the known relationship between vitamin D and immune function. This study sought to investigate vitamin D status in a multi-center cohort of individuals with DS and compare them to individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and neurotypical (NT) controls. METHODS A retrospective, multi-center review was performed. The three sites were located at latitudes of 42.361145, 37.44466, and 34.05349. Patients were identified by the International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-9 or ICD-10 codes for DS, ASD, or well-child check visits for NT individuals. The first vitamin D 25-OH level recorded in the electronic medical record (EMR) was used in this study as it was felt to be the most reflective of a natural and non-supplemented state. Vitamin D 25-OH levels below 30 ng/mL were considered deficient. RESULTS In total, 1624 individuals with DS, 5208 with ASD, and 30,775 NT controls were identified. Individuals with DS had the lowest mean level of vitamin D 25-OH at 20.67 ng/mL, compared to those with ASD (23.48 ng/mL) and NT controls (29.20 ng/mL) (p < 0.001, 95% CI: -8.97 to -6.44). A total of 399 (24.6%) individuals with DS were considered vitamin D deficient compared to 1472 (28.3%) with ASD and 12,397 (40.3%) NT controls (p < 0.001, 95% CI: -5.43 to -2.36). Individuals with DS with higher body mass index (BMI) were found to be more likely to have lower levels of vitamin D (p < 0.001, 95% CI: -0.3849 to -0.1509). Additionally, having both DS and a neurologic diagnosis increased the likelihood of having lower vitamin D levels (p < 0.001, 95% CI: -5.02 to -1.28). Individuals with DS and autoimmune disease were much more likely to have lower vitamin D levels (p < 0.001, 95% CI: -6.22 to -1.55). Similarly, a history of autoimmunity in a first-degree relative also increased the likelihood of having lower levels of vitamin D in persons with DS (p = 0.01, 95% CI: -2.45 to -0.63). CONCLUSIONS Individuals with DS were noted to have hypovitaminosis D in comparison to individuals with ASD and NT controls. Associations between vitamin D deficiency and high BMI, personal autoimmunity, and familial autoimmunity were present in individuals with DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie K Boyd
- Division of Neurology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, 4650 Sunset Blvd, MS82, Los Angeles, CA, 90027, USA
| | | | - Mellad M Khoshnood
- Division of Neurology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, 4650 Sunset Blvd, MS82, Los Angeles, CA, 90027, USA
| | - Timothy Jiang
- Division of Neurology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, 4650 Sunset Blvd, MS82, Los Angeles, CA, 90027, USA
| | - Lina Nguyen
- Division of Neurology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, 4650 Sunset Blvd, MS82, Los Angeles, CA, 90027, USA
| | - Lorena Mendez
- Division of Neurology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, 4650 Sunset Blvd, MS82, Los Angeles, CA, 90027, USA
| | - Noemi A Spinazzi
- Department of Pediatrics, Benioff Children's Hospital, University of California San Francisco, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Melanie A Manning
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Michael S Rafii
- Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Alzheimer's Therapeutic Research Institute, University of Southern California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Jonathan D Santoro
- Division of Neurology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, 4650 Sunset Blvd, MS82, Los Angeles, CA, 90027, USA.
- Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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10
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Tziolos NR, Ioannou P, Baliou S, Kofteridis DP. Long COVID-19 Pathophysiology: What Do We Know So Far? Microorganisms 2023; 11:2458. [PMID: 37894116 PMCID: PMC10609046 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11102458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Long COVID-19 is a recognized entity that affects millions of people worldwide. Its broad clinical symptoms include thrombotic events, brain fog, myocarditis, shortness of breath, fatigue, muscle pains, and others. Due to the binding of the virus with ACE-2 receptors, expressed in many organs, it can potentially affect any system; however, it most often affects the cardiovascular, central nervous, respiratory, and immune systems. Age, high body mass index, female sex, previous hospitalization, and smoking are some of its risk factors. Despite great efforts to define its pathophysiology, gaps remain to be explained. The main mechanisms described in the literature involve viral persistence, hypercoagulopathy, immune dysregulation, autoimmunity, hyperinflammation, or a combination of these. The exact mechanisms may differ from system to system, but some share the same pathways. This review aims to describe the most prevalent pathophysiological pathways explaining this syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos-Renatos Tziolos
- Department of Internal Medicine & Infectious Diseases, University Hospital of Heraklion, 71110 Heraklion, Greece (D.P.K.)
| | - Petros Ioannou
- Department of Internal Medicine & Infectious Diseases, University Hospital of Heraklion, 71110 Heraklion, Greece (D.P.K.)
- School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Stella Baliou
- School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Diamantis P. Kofteridis
- Department of Internal Medicine & Infectious Diseases, University Hospital of Heraklion, 71110 Heraklion, Greece (D.P.K.)
- School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
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11
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Wimalawansa SJ. Infections and Autoimmunity-The Immune System and Vitamin D: A Systematic Review. Nutrients 2023; 15:3842. [PMID: 37686873 PMCID: PMC10490553 DOI: 10.3390/nu15173842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Both 25-autoimmunity and(25(OH)D: calcifediol) and its active form, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D: calcitriol), play critical roles in protecting humans from invasive pathogens, reducing risks of autoimmunity, and maintaining health. Conversely, low 25(OH)D status increases susceptibility to infections and developing autoimmunity. This systematic review examines vitamin D's mechanisms and effects on enhancing innate and acquired immunity against microbes and preventing autoimmunity. The study evaluated the quality of evidence regarding biology, physiology, and aspects of human health on vitamin D related to infections and autoimmunity in peer-reviewed journal articles published in English. The search and analyses followed PRISMA guidelines. Data strongly suggested that maintaining serum 25(OH)D concentrations of more than 50 ng/mL is associated with significant risk reduction from viral and bacterial infections, sepsis, and autoimmunity. Most adequately powered, well-designed, randomized controlled trials with sufficient duration supported substantial benefits of vitamin D. Virtually all studies that failed to conclude benefits or were ambiguous had major study design errors. Treatment of vitamin D deficiency costs less than 0.01% of the cost of investigation of worsening comorbidities associated with hypovitaminosis D. Despite cost-benefits, the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency remains high worldwide. This was clear among those who died from COVID-19 in 2020/21-most had severe vitamin D deficiency. Yet, the lack of direction from health agencies and insurance companies on using vitamin D as an adjunct therapy is astonishing. Data confirmed that keeping an individual's serum 25(OH)D concentrations above 50 ng/mL (125 nmol/L) (and above 40 ng/mL in the population) reduces risks from community outbreaks, sepsis, and autoimmune disorders. Maintaining such concentrations in 97.5% of people is achievable through daily safe sun exposure (except in countries far from the equator during winter) or taking between 5000 and 8000 IU vitamin D supplements daily (average dose, for non-obese adults, ~70 to 90 IU/kg body weight). Those with gastrointestinal malabsorption, obesity, or on medications that increase the catabolism of vitamin D and a few other specific disorders require much higher intake. This systematic review evaluates non-classical actions of vitamin D, with particular emphasis on infection and autoimmunity related to the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil J Wimalawansa
- Medicine, Endocrinology & Nutrition, Cardiometabolic & Endocrine Institute, North Brunswick, NJ 08902, USA
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12
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Yang B, Zhu Y, Zheng X, Li T, Niu K, Wang Z, Lu X, Zhang Y, Shen C. Vitamin D Supplementation during Intensive Care Unit Stay Is Associated with Improved Outcomes in Critically Ill Patients with Sepsis: A Cohort Study. Nutrients 2023; 15:2924. [PMID: 37447250 DOI: 10.3390/nu15132924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin D, as a common micronutrient, has been widely used in critically ill patients. However, whether supplementation of vitamin D in adult patients with sepsis can improve their prognosis remains controversial. METHODS Data from the Mart for Intensive Care IV database was used in this retrospective cohort study, and adult patients with sepsis were enrolled. Critically ill patients, admitted to intensive care units (ICUs) between 2008 and 2019 at the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (BIDMC), were divided into the vitamin D supplementation group and non-vitamin D supplementation group. The primary outcomes were defined as all-cause in-hospital, 28-day, and 90-day mortality rates after admission to the ICU. A 1:1 propensity score matching (PSM), inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW), and overlap weighting (OW) analyses were used to minimize selection bias and balance the baseline demographic characteristics. Regression and survival analyses were performed to assess the association between vitamin D supplementation and clinical outcomes in patients with sepsis. RESULTS In total, 3539 patients with sepsis were enrolled as study participants; of these, 315 were supplemented with vitamin D during their ICU stay. In-hospital, 28-day, and 90-day mortality rates were significantly lower in patients with sepsis supplemented with vitamin D. Multivariate regression analysis showed vitamin D supplementation as a potential protective factor for in-hospital mortality with an odds ratio (OR) = 0.70 (0.51-0.96) after adjusting for all confounders. The hazard ratios (HRs) for 28-day and 90-day mortality were 0.65 (0.50-0.85) and 0.70 (0.55-0.90), respectively. The survival analysis showed that the vitamin D supplementation group had a higher survival probability within 28 and 90 days (p-value < 0.05). These results remained relatively stable post PSM, IPTW, and OW. However, we found no evidence that vitamin D supplementation could shorten the length of stay in the ICU or hospital. CONCLUSIONS Vitamin D supplementation during an ICU stay was associated with improved prognosis in patients with sepsis, as evidenced by lower in-hospital, 28-day, and 90-day mortality rates and lower disease severity-related scores, but showed no influence on the length of stay in the hospital or ICU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boshen Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200235, China
| | - Yuankang Zhu
- School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Xinjie Zheng
- International Institutes of Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu 310030, China
| | - Taixi Li
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200235, China
| | - Kaifan Niu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200235, China
| | - Zhixiang Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200235, China
| | - Xia Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200235, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Chengxing Shen
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200235, China
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13
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Mady LJ, Zhong Y, Dhawan P, Christakos S. Role of Coactivator Associated Arginine Methyltransferase 1 (CARM1) in the Regulation of the Biological Function of 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D 3. Cells 2023; 12:1407. [PMID: 37408241 DOI: 10.3390/cells12101407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3), the hormonally active form of vitamin D, activates the nuclear vitamin D receptor (VDR) to mediate the transcription of target genes involved in calcium homeostasis as well as in non-classical 1,25(OH)2D3 actions. In this study, CARM1, an arginine methyltransferase, was found to mediate coactivator synergy in the presence of GRIP1 (a primary coactivator) and to cooperate with G9a, a lysine methyltransferase, in 1,25(OH)2D3 induced transcription of Cyp24a1 (the gene involved in the metabolic inactivation of 1,25(OH)2D3). In mouse proximal renal tubule (MPCT) cells and in mouse kidney, chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis demonstrated that dimethylation of histone H3 at arginine 17, which is mediated by CARM1, occurs at Cyp24a1 vitamin D response elements in a 1,25(OH)2D3 dependent manner. Treatment with TBBD, an inhibitor of CARM1, repressed 1,25(OH)2D3 induced Cyp24a1 expression in MPCT cells, further suggesting that CARM1 is a significant coactivator of 1,25(OH)2D3 induction of renal Cyp24a1 expression. CARM1 was found to act as a repressor of second messenger-mediated induction of the transcription of CYP27B1 (involved in the synthesis of 1,25(OH)2D3), supporting the role of CARM1 as a dual function coregulator. Our findings indicate a key role for CARM1 in the regulation of the biological function of 1,25(OH)2D3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila J Mady
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Yan Zhong
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Puneet Dhawan
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Sylvia Christakos
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
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14
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Chae B, Kim YJ, Kim SM, Hong SI, Shin YS, Kim JS, Ryoo SM, Kim WY. Vitamin D deficiency on admission to the emergency department is a mortality predictor for patients with septic shock treated with early protocol-driven resuscitation bundle therapy. Am J Med Sci 2023; 365:361-367. [PMID: 36265656 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjms.2022.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin D is an important immune modulator and is associated with susceptibility to infection. However, past studies have reported inconsistent results regarding the association between vitamin D deficiency and mortality in patients with sepsis, and early-stage data regarding septic shock are limited. This study aimed to determine the relationship between vitamin D deficiency on admission to the emergency department (ED) and mortality in patients with septic shock. METHODS We analyzed prospectively collected data on adult patients with septic shock who were treated with protocol-driven resuscitation bundle therapy in the ED between September 2019 and February 2021. Septic shock was defined by the sepsis-3 definition and vitamin D deficiency was defined as a 25-hydroxyvitamin D <20 ng/ml. The primary outcome was 30-day mortality. RESULTS A total of 302 patients were included, 236 (78.1%) patients had vitamin D deficiency; it was significantly higher in non-survivors than in survivors (89.3% vs. 73.9%, P = 0.004). Mortality was higher in vitamin D deficient patients than in non-deficient patients (31.8% vs. 13.6%, P = 0.004). In multivariate analysis, vitamin D deficiency (odds ratio [OR], 2.43; 95 % confidence interval [CI], 1.03-5.74), hyperlactatemia (OR, 3.65; 95 % CI, 1.95-6.83), Sequential Organ Failure Assessment scores (OR, 1.22; 95% CI, 1.09-1.36), and albumin levels (OR, 0.39; 95% CI, 0.21-0.73) were significantly associated with 30-day mortality. CONCLUSIONS Vitamin D deficiency was prevalent in patients with septic shock visiting the ED and was associated with mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bora Chae
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Youn-Jung Kim
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Min Kim
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-In Hong
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yo Sep Shin
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - June-Sung Kim
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Mok Ryoo
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Young Kim
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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15
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Caliskan M, Dabak M, Tumer KC. The relationship between serum cytokine profile and vitamin D in calves with neonatal diarrhea. Cytokine 2023; 165:156173. [PMID: 36933398 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2023.156173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
It is important to know the characteristics of the immunological response in newborn calf diarrhea, which is often caused by bacterial, viral and protozoal pathogens. Cytokinesare proteins that serve as chemical messengers to regulate theinnate and adaptive arms of theimmune response. Changes in circulatory cytokine levels provide valuable information for understanding the pathophysiological process and monitoring disease progression and inflammation. Vitamin D has important immunomodulatory effects, which include enhancing the innate immune system and inhibiting adaptative immune responses. The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between serum cytokine profile and vitamin D level in neonatal calves with diarrhea. The study population was comprised of 40 neonatal calves, 32 of which had diarrhea and 8 of which were healthy calves. The calves with diarrhea were allocated to four groups according to bacterial (Escherichia coli), viral (Rotavirus, Coronavirus) and protozoal (Cryptosporidium parvum) etiologies. Circulatory vitamin D metabolites (25-hydroxyvitamin D, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D) and cytokines (TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, IL-13 and IL-17) in the calves were determined. There was no statistically significant difference among the groups in 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels. 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D levels were higher in Coronavirus and E. coli groups compared to the controls. Serum levels of all cytokines except for IL-13, were higher in E. coli group than those of the control group. As a result, differences in serum cytokines and vitamin D levels according to etiological factors in calf diarrhea indicate that vitamin D may play a role in the immune response in the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Caliskan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Firat University, 23119 Elazig, Turkey.
| | - Murat Dabak
- Department of Internal Medicine, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Firat University, 23119 Elazig, Turkey.
| | - Kenan Cagri Tumer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kastamonu University, 37150 Kastamonu, Turkey.
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16
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Gallo D, Baci D, Kustrimovic N, Lanzo N, Patera B, Tanda ML, Piantanida E, Mortara L. How Does Vitamin D Affect Immune Cells Crosstalk in Autoimmune Diseases? Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054689. [PMID: 36902117 PMCID: PMC10003699 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D is a secosteroid hormone that is highly involved in bone health. Mounting evidence revealed that, in addition to the regulation of mineral metabolism, vitamin D is implicated in cell proliferation and differentiation, vascular and muscular functions, and metabolic health. Since the discovery of vitamin D receptors in T cells, local production of active vitamin D was demonstrated in most immune cells, addressing the interest in the clinical implications of vitamin D status in immune surveillance against infections and autoimmune/inflammatory diseases. T cells, together with B cells, are seen as the main immune cells involved in autoimmune diseases; however, growing interest is currently focused on immune cells of the innate compartment, such as monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, and natural killer cells in the initiation phases of autoimmunity. Here we reviewed recent advances in the onset and regulation of Graves' and Hashimoto's thyroiditis, vitiligo, and multiple sclerosis in relation to the role of innate immune cells and their crosstalk with vitamin D and acquired immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Gallo
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, ASST dei Sette Laghi, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Denisa Baci
- Immunology and General Pathology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy
- Molecular Cardiology Laboratory, IRCCS-Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy
| | - Natasa Kustrimovic
- Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Disease—CAAD, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Nicola Lanzo
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, ASST dei Sette Laghi, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Bohdan Patera
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, ASST dei Sette Laghi, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Maria Laura Tanda
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, ASST dei Sette Laghi, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Eliana Piantanida
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, ASST dei Sette Laghi, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Mortara
- Immunology and General Pathology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy
- Correspondence:
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17
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Vasheghani M, Rekabi M, Sadr M. Protective role of vitamin D status against COVID-19: a mini-review. Endocrine 2023; 79:235-242. [PMID: 36258153 PMCID: PMC9579655 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-022-03203-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
An outbreak of pneumonia caused by a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is called COVID-19 and has led to a pandemic worldwide. It is reasonable to investigate and control factors affecting disease severity and mortality. The relation between vitamin D and viral pneumonia has been previously reported. Vitamin D deficiency is common and may increase hospital admission and mortality rate in patients with COVID-19. This mini-review examines the pathways that show the association between vitamin D and COVID-19. On the other hand, it deals with the available evidence related to the relationship between vitamin D deficiency and the effect of vitamin D supplementation on the prevalence, severity, and mortality of COVID-19. Also, we described the pathophysiology of the organs' involvement in COVID-19 and the effect of vitamin D on these outcomes. Vitamin D strengthens the innate and adaptive immune system, modulates immune responses, prevents lung and cardiovascular system damage, and reduces thrombotic events. Vitamin D exerts these effects in several pathways. Vitamin D prevents virus entry and replication by maintaining the integrity of the body's physical barrier. Vitamin D reduces the damage to vital organs and thrombotic events by increasing the level of Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), nitric oxide, and antioxidants or by reducing inflammatory cytokines and free radicals. Sufficient vitamin D may be reduced morbidity and mortality due to COVID-19. However, this issue should be investigated and confirmed by further research in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Vasheghani
- Chronic Respiratory Diseases Research Center (CRDRC), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Rekabi
- Pediatric Respiratory Disease Research Center (PRDRC), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Makan Sadr
- Virology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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18
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Vanichkulbodee A, Romposra M, Inboriboon PC, Trongtrakul K. Effects of vitamin D insufficiency on sepsis severity and risk of hospitalisation in emergency department patients: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e064985. [PMID: 36653058 PMCID: PMC9853214 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-064985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the association of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) level on sepsis severity and risk of hospitalisation in emergency department (ED) septic patients when categorised as vitamin D insufficiency according to the level of 25(OH)D<30 ng/mL. DESIGN Cross-sectional observational study. SETTING A 900-bed academic tertiary hospital with an ED residency training programme in Bangkok, Thailand. PARTICIPANTS An observational study of 101 ED septic patients aged ≥18 years was conducted between March 2015 and September 2015. OUTCOME MEASURES The level of 25(OH)D was analysed and correlated with sepsis severity assessed by Acute Physiology Age Chronic Health Evaluation-II (APACHE-II) and Mortality in ED Sepsis (MEDS) scores, and the risk of hospitalisation. RESULTS One hundred and one patients were enrolled, with an average age of 68±18 years, 56% female, APACHE-II score of 14±6, MEDS score of 8±5 and 25(OH)D level was 19±11 ng/mL. The prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency in our ED septic patients was 87% and the admission rate was 88%. A significant association between 25(OH)D level and sepsis severity scores was found, which was measured by APACHE-II and MEDS scores (-0.29; 95% CI -0.41 to -0.17, p<0.001 and -0.15; 95% CI -0.25 to -0.06, p=0.002, respectively). However, vitamin D insufficiency could not determine hospitalisation (OR=1.42; 95% CI 0.27 to 7.34; p=0.68 and OR=1.65; 95% CI 0.07 to 41.7; p=0.76 when adjusted by baseline covariates). CONCLUSIONS The vitamin D insufficiency of septic patients in our ED was high and had a significant negative association with sepsis severity. However, vitamin D insufficiency status cannot predict the hospitalisation of septic patients who were admitted to the ED. Further research is needed to investigate the role of vitamin D supplementation in the ED in affecting sepsis severity. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER TCTR20151127001.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alissara Vanichkulbodee
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Navamindradhiraj University, Faculty of Medicine Vajira Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Muditha Romposra
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Navamindradhiraj University, Faculty of Medicine Vajira Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
- Emergency Room, Sukhumvit Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Konlawij Trongtrakul
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Critical Care, Navamindradhiraj University, Faculty of Medicine Vajira Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Allergy, Chiang Mai University, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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19
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Shao YR, Xu DY, Lin J. Nutrients and rheumatoid arthritis: From the perspective of neutrophils. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1113607. [PMID: 36923418 PMCID: PMC10008948 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1113607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are considered as core immune cells involve in the early stage of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and participate in the disease progression. The underlining mechanisms include the elevated chemotaxis and infiltration of neutrophils, the increase in the reactive oxygen species and the promotion of neutrophil extracellular traps formation. Accumulating studies demonstrated the important role of nutrients intake played in the initiation and progression of RA. This study summarized the effects of several macronutrients and micronutrients on regulating RA through the modulation of activated neutrophils and appealed for a healthy diet in RA-risk individuals as well as RA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ru Shao
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dan-Yi Xu
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jin Lin
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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20
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Khojah HMJ, Ahmed SA, Al-Thagfan SS, Alahmadi YM, Abdou YA. The Impact of Serum Levels of Vitamin D3 and Its Metabolites on the Prognosis and Disease Severity of COVID-19. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14245329. [PMID: 36558489 PMCID: PMC9784025 DOI: 10.3390/nu14245329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D is among the increasingly consumed dietary supplements during the COVID-19 pandemic. It plays a regulatory role in the immune system and moderates the renin-angiotensin system, which is implicated in infection pathogenesis. However, the investigation of serum levels of vitamin D3 forms and their relative ratios in COVID-19 patients is worth investigation to understand the impacts of disease severity. Hence, we investigated the serum levels of vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) and its metabolites (calcifediol and calcitriol), in addition to their relative ratios and correlations with angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), interleukin-6 (Il-6), and neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in COVID-19 patients compared with healthy controls. Oropharyngeal specimens were collected from the study subjects for polymerase chain reaction testing for COVID-19. Whole blood samples were obtained for blood count and NLR testing, and sera were used for the analysis of the levels of the vitamin and its metabolites, ACE2, and IL-6. We enrolled 103 patients and 50 controls. ACE2, Il-6, and NLR were significantly higher in the patients group (72.37 ± 18.67 vs. 32.36 ± 11.27 U/L, 95.84 ± 25.23 vs. 2.76 ± 0.62 pg/mL, and 1.61 ± 0.30 vs. 1.07 ± 0.16, respectively). Cholecalciferol, calcifediol, and calcitriol were significantly lower in patients (18.50 ± 5.36 vs. 29.13 ± 4.94 ng/mL, 14.60 ± 3.30 vs. 23.10 ± 3.02 ng/mL, and 42.90 ± 8.44 vs. 65.15 ± 7.11 pg/mL, respectively). However, their relative ratios were normal in both groups. Levels of the vitamin and metabolites were strongly positively, strongly negatively, and moderately negatively correlated with ACE2, Il-6, and NLR, respectively. COVID-19 infection severity is associated with a significant decrease in vitamin D3 and its metabolites in a parallel pattern, and with a significant increase in ACE2, Il-6, and NLR. Higher levels of vitamin D and its metabolites are potentially protective against severe infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hani M. J. Khojah
- Department of Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Al Madinah Al Munawarah 30001, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sameh A. Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Al Madinah Al Munawarah 30001, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +966-54-3110057
| | - Sultan S. Al-Thagfan
- Department of Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Al Madinah Al Munawarah 30001, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yaser M. Alahmadi
- Department of Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Al Madinah Al Munawarah 30001, Saudi Arabia
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21
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Shamlan G, Aleanizy FS. Knowledge and behaviors of using vitamin D to boost immunity against COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study in Saudi Arabia. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e31949. [PMID: 36482609 PMCID: PMC9726423 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000031949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has globally impacted all aspects of life since its emergence and spread. There is a strong biological assumption and progressing epidemiological data supporting the role of vitamin D (VD) in COVID-19 infection. This study aims to determine the knowledge about VD supplements to boost immunity against COVID-19 and if participation in specific behaviors has increased the consumption of VD supplements during social distance restriction in Saudi Arabia (SA) in May 2021. This cross-sectional study used a structured online questionnaire for 2369 SA people, including demographic characteristics and knowledge about VD supplements to boost immunity against COVID-19 showed that there was a significant association between sex and vitamin D deficiency (VDD) (P = .000), and having VDD was strongly associated with having another vitamin deficiency (P = .008). Additionally, there was a statistically significant difference between VDD and cardiovascular (P = .027) and respiratory diseases (P = .019). Almost half of the participants used VD supplements to reduce or heal their COVID-19 symptoms. The adverse association between having VDD and understanding of COVID-19 symptoms was statistically significant (P = .01). Ginger is commonly used as an alternative medicine for the treatment of VD. The administration of VD is now known to be of physiological significance for general health, and evidence suggesting the beneficial role of VD in the prevention and/or treatment of diseases, particularly infectious diseases, such as COVID-19, is increasing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghalia Shamlan
- Department of Human Nutrition, College of food science and agriculture, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- *Correspondence: Ghalia Shamlan, Department of Human Nutrition, College of food science and agriculture, King Saud University, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia (e-mail: )
| | - Fadilah Sfouq Aleanizy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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22
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Janoušek J, Pilařová V, Macáková K, Nomura A, Veiga-Matos J, Silva DDD, Remião F, Saso L, Malá-Ládová K, Malý J, Nováková L, Mladěnka P. Vitamin D: sources, physiological role, biokinetics, deficiency, therapeutic use, toxicity, and overview of analytical methods for detection of vitamin D and its metabolites. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2022; 59:517-554. [PMID: 35575431 DOI: 10.1080/10408363.2022.2070595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin D has a well-known role in the calcium homeostasis associated with the maintenance of healthy bones. It increases the efficiency of the intestinal absorption of dietary calcium, reduces calcium losses in urine, and mobilizes calcium stored in the skeleton. However, vitamin D receptors are present ubiquitously in the human body and indeed, vitamin D has a plethora of non-calcemic functions. In contrast to most vitamins, sufficient vitamin D can be synthesized in human skin. However, its production can be markedly decreased due to factors such as clothing, sunscreens, intentional avoidance of the direct sunlight, or the high latitude of the residence. Indeed, more than one billion people worldwide are vitamin D deficient, and the deficiency is frequently undiagnosed. The chronic deficiency is not only associated with rickets/osteomalacia/osteoporosis but it is also linked to a higher risk of hypertension, type 1 diabetes, multiple sclerosis, or cancer. Supplementation of vitamin D may be hence beneficial, but the intake of vitamin D should be under the supervision of health professionals because overdosing leads to intoxication with severe health consequences. For monitoring vitamin D, several analytical methods are employed, and their advantages and disadvantages are discussed in detail in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiří Janoušek
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Pilařová
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Macáková
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Anderson Nomura
- UCIBIO - Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Jéssica Veiga-Matos
- UCIBIO - Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Diana Dias da Silva
- UCIBIO - Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,TOXRUN - Toxicology Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences, CESPU CRL, Gandra, Portugal
| | - Fernando Remião
- UCIBIO - Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Luciano Saso
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "Vittorio Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Kateřina Malá-Ládová
- Department of Social and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Malý
- Department of Social and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Nováková
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Přemysl Mladěnka
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
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23
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Absalan A, Meghdadian M, Keyhan N, Azadi D, Parto F, Absalan Z. Vitamin D3 is well Correlated with Anti- Helicobacter pylori Immunoglobulins and could be a well Biomarker for Immunity Competence against the Disease. Adv Biomed Res 2022; 11:85. [PMID: 36518859 PMCID: PMC9744086 DOI: 10.4103/abr.abr_100_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori (HPY) provokes gastrointestinal disorders and gastric cancer. We supposed that HPY disrupts the 25-OH-Vitamin-D3 (Vit.D3) absorption. We evaluated the association between Vit.D3 and anti-HPY immunoglobulins (Igs) and the Vit.D3 potency as a predictive biomarker for HPY infection. MATERIALS AND METHODS 603 patients' raw data were gathered from a private clinical laboratory. Anti-HPY Igs including serum IgG, IgA, and IgM, in addition to HPY-stool antigen, were assessed by the immunoassay methods. Vit.D3 was determined by high-pressure liquid chromatography. Correlations, ordinal comparisons, cutoff points (COP), and odds ratio (OR) were estimated. RESULTS The age mean ± standard deviation was 39.83 ± 18.426 for female and 38.82 ± 16.937 for male participants (P = 0.521). Significant correlations existed after age and gender adjustment between Vit.D3 serum levels and the HPY IgG (R = 0.298) and IgA (R = 0.271) but not for IgM (R = -0.103). Approximately, 48% of males and 36% of females had insufficient/deficient Vit.D3 serum levels (male/female OR: 1.65; 1.16-2.33; P = 0.0051). After age and gender adjustment, the best COP of Vit.D3 to predict an HPY IgG-positive patient was Vit.D3 >32.80 ng/mL with 66.23% diagnostic accuracy (DAAC), 30.43% specificity (SPC), and 90.41% sensitivity (SEN). For the HPY IgA, the values were Vit.D3 >37.83 ng/mL, DAAC = 60.45%, SPC = 58.82%, SEN = 64.20%. For HPY IgM, the values were Vit.D3 >37.32 ng/mL, DAAC = 58.97%, SPC = 57.33%, and SEN = 100%. CONCLUSIONS Vit.D3 had a good association with anti-HPY Igs and may be a good biomarker for immunity competence against HPY infection if the patient's age and gender are considered when interpreting the laboratory results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdorrahim Absalan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Khomein University of Medical Sciences, Khomein, Iran,Department of Quality Control, Bahman Private Clinical Laboratory, Tehran, Iran,Address for correspondence: Dr. Abdorrahim Absalan, Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Khomein University of Medical Sciences, Khomein, Iran. E-mail:
| | - Mojdeh Meghdadian
- Department of Biochemistry, Islamic Azad University, Damghan Branch, Damghan, Iran
| | - Nadia Keyhan
- Department of Biochemistry, Islamic Azad University, Falavarjan Branch, Falavarjan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Davood Azadi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Khomein University of Medical Sciences, Khomein, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Parto
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Absalan
- HIV Reference Laboratory of Ahwaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahwaz, Iran
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24
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Ponticelli C, Campise M. COVID-19 Vaccination in Kidney Transplant Candidates and Recipients. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10111808. [PMID: 36366317 PMCID: PMC9692413 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10111808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Kidney transplant candidates and kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) are at particular risk of severe complications of COVID-19 disease. In Western countries, mortality in affected hospitalized KTRs ranges between 19% and 50%. COVID-19 vaccination remains the most important measure to prevent the severity of infection in candidates and recipients of kidney transplant. However, the uraemic condition may affect the vaccine-induced immunity in patients with advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD) and in KTRs. Retention of uraemic toxins, dysbiosis, dysmetabolism, and dialysis can diminish the normal response to vaccination, leading to dysfunction of inflammatory and immune cells. In KTRs the efficacy of vaccines may be reduced by the immunosuppressive medications, and more than half of kidney transplant recipients are unable to build an immune response even after four administrations of anti-COVID-19 vaccines. The lack of antibody response leaves these patients at high risk for SARS-CoV-2 infection and severe COVID-19 disease. The aim of the present review is to focus on the main reasons for the impaired immunological response among candidates and kidney transplant recipients and to highlight some of the present options available to solve the problem.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mariarosaria Campise
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Kidney Transplantation, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence:
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25
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Nygaard RH, Nielsen MC, Antonsen KW, Højskov CS, Sørensen BS, Møller HJ. Metabolism of 25-Hydroxy-Vitamin D in Human Macrophages Is Highly Dependent on Macrophage Polarization. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810943. [PMID: 36142855 PMCID: PMC9505540 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages synthesize active vitamin D (1,25-dihydroxy-vitamin D) and express the vitamin D receptor in the nucleus; however, vitamin D metabolism in relation to macrophage polarization and function is not well understood. We studied monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) from human buffy coats polarized into M0, M1 (LPS + IFNγ), M2a (IL4 + IL13) and M2c (IL10) macrophage subtypes stimulated with 25-hydroxy-vitamin D (1000 and 10,000 nanomolar). We measured vitamin D metabolites (25-hydroxy-vitamin D, 1,25-dihydroxy-vitamin D, 24,25-dihydroxy-vitamin D and 3-epi-25-hydroxy-vitamin D) in cell media with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-mass spectrometry. The mRNA expression (CYP27B1, CYP24A1 and CYP24A1-SV) was measured with qPCR. We found that reparative MDMs (M2a) had significantly more 1,25-dihydroxy-vitamin D compared to the other MDMs (M0, M1 and M2c). All MDMs were able to produce 3-epi-25-hydroxy-vitamin D, but this pathway was almost completely attenuated in inflammatory M1 MDMs. All MDM subtypes degraded vitamin D through the 24-hydroxylase pathway, although M1 MDMs mainly expressed an inactive splice variant of CYP24A1, coding the degrading enzyme. In conclusion, this study shows that vitamin D metabolism is highly dependent on macrophage polarization and that the C3-epimerase pathway for vitamin D is active in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rie H. Nygaard
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +45-4046-5768
| | - Marlene C. Nielsen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Kristian W. Antonsen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Carsten S. Højskov
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Boe S. Sørensen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Holger J. Møller
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
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26
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Fernandez GJ, Ramírez-Mejia JM, Urcuqui-Inchima S. Vitamin D boosts immune response of macrophages through a regulatory network of microRNAs and mRNAs. J Nutr Biochem 2022; 109:109105. [PMID: 35858666 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2022.109105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D is associated with the stimulation of innate immunity, inflammation, and host defense against pathogens. Macrophages express receptors of Vitamin D, regulating transcription of genes related to immune processes. However, the transcriptional and post-transcriptional strategies controlling gene expression in differentiated macrophages, and how they are influenced by Vitamin D are not well understood. We studied whether Vitamin D enhances immune response by regulating the expression of microRNAs and mRNAs. Analysis of the transcriptome showed differences in expression of 199 genes, of which 68% were up-regulated, revealing the cell state of monocyte-derived macrophages differentiated with Vitamin D (D3-MDMs) as compared to monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs). The differentially expressed genes appear to be associated with pathophysiological processes, including inflammatory responses, and cellular stress. Transcriptional motifs in promoter regions of up- or down-regulated genes showed enrichment of VDR motifs, suggesting possible roles of transcriptional activator or repressor in gene expression. Further, microRNA-Seq analysis indicated that there were 17 differentially expressed miRNAs, of which, 7 were up-regulated and 10 down-regulated, suggesting that Vitamin D plays a critical role in the regulation of miRNA expression during macrophages differentiation. The miR-6501-3p, miR-1273h-5p, miR-665, miR-1972, miR-1183, miR-619-5p were down-regulated in D3-MDMs compared to MDMs. The integrative analysis of miRNA and mRNA expression profiles predict that miR-1972, miR-1273h-5p, and miR-665 regulate genes PDCD1LG2, IL-1B, and CD274, which are related to the inflammatory response. Results suggest an essential role of Vitamin D in macrophage differentiation that modulates host response against pathogens, inflammation, and cellular stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geysson Javier Fernandez
- Grupo Inmunovirología, Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No 52-21, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Julieta M Ramírez-Mejia
- Research group CIBIOP, Department of Biological Sciences, Universidad EAFIT, Medellín, Antioquia, Colombia
| | - Silvio Urcuqui-Inchima
- Grupo Inmunovirología, Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No 52-21, Medellín, Colombia.
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27
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Pham H. Analyzing the relationship between the vitamin D deficiency and COVID-19 mortality rate and modeling the time-delay interactions between body's immune healthy cells, infected cells, and virus particles with the effect of vitamin D levels. MATHEMATICAL BIOSCIENCES AND ENGINEERING : MBE 2022; 19:8975-9004. [PMID: 35942745 DOI: 10.3934/mbe.2022417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents some recent views on the aspects of vitamin D levels in relation to the COVID-19 infections and analyzes the relationship between the prevalence rates of vitamin D deficiency and COVID-19 death rates per million of various countries in Europe and Asia using the data from the PubMed database. The paper also discusses a new mathematical model of time-delay interactions between the body's immune healthy cells, infected cells, and virus particles with the effect of vitamin D levels. The model can be used to monitor the timely progression of healthy immune cells with the effects of the levels of vitamin D and probiotics supplement. It also can help to predict when the infected cells and virus particles free state can ever be reached as time progresses. The consideration of the time delay in the modeling due to effects of the infected cells or virus particles and the growth of healthy cells is also an important factor that can significantly change the outcomes of the body's immune cells as well as the infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoang Pham
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
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28
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Martens PJ, Centelles-Lodeiro J, Ellis D, Cook DP, Sassi G, Verlinden L, Verstuyf A, Raes J, Mathieu C, Gysemans C. High Serum Vitamin D Concentrations, Induced via Diet, Trigger Immune and Intestinal Microbiota Alterations Leading to Type 1 Diabetes Protection in NOD Mice. Front Immunol 2022; 13:902678. [PMID: 35784365 PMCID: PMC9241442 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.902678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The hormonally-active form of vitamin D, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, can modulate both innate and adaptive immunity, through binding to the nuclear vitamin D receptor expressed in most immune cells. A high dose of regular vitamin D protected non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice against type 1 diabetes (T1D), when initiated at birth and given lifelong. However, considerable controversy exists on the level of circulating vitamin D (25-hydroxyvitamin D3, 25(OH)D3) needed to modulate the immune system in autoimmune-prone subjects and protect against T1D onset. Here, we evaluated the impact of two doses of dietary vitamin D supplementation (400 and 800 IU/day), given to female NOD mice from 3 until 25 weeks of age, on disease development, peripheral and gut immune system, gut epithelial barrier function, and gut bacterial taxonomy. Whereas serum 25(OH)D3 concentrations were 2.6- (400 IU/day) and 3.9-fold (800 IU/day) higher with dietary vitamin D supplementation compared to normal chow (NC), only the 800 IU/day vitamin D-supplemented diet delayed and reduced T1D incidence compared to NC. Flow cytometry analyses revealed an increased frequency of FoxP3+ Treg cells in the spleen of mice receiving the 800 IU/day vitamin D-supplemented diet. This vitamin D-induced increase in FoxP3+ Treg cells, also expressing the ecto-5’-nucleotidase CD73, only persisted in the spleen of mice at 25 weeks of age. At this time point, the frequency of IL-10-secreting CD4+ T cells was also increased in all studied immune organs. High-dose vitamin D supplementation was unable to correct gut leakiness nor did it significantly modify the increased gut microbial diversity and richness over time observed in NOD mice receiving NC. Intriguingly, the rise in alpha-diversity during maturation occurred especially in mice not progressing to hyperglycaemia. Principal coordinates analysis identified that both diet and disease status significantly influenced the inter-individual microbiota variation at the genus level. The abundance of the genera Ruminoclostridium_9 and Marvinbryantia gradually increased or decreased, respectively in faecal samples of mice on the 800 IU/day vitamin D-supplemented diet compared to mice on the 400 IU/day vitamin D-supplemented diet or NC, irrespective of disease outcome. In summary, dietary vitamin D reduced T1D incidence in female NOD mice at a dose of 800, but not of 400, IU/day, and was accompanied by an expansion of Treg cells in various lymphoid organs and an altered intestinal microbiota signature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pieter-Jan Martens
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology (CEE), Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Javier Centelles-Lodeiro
- Laboratory of Molecular Bacteriology, Rega-Institute, Katholieke Universiteit (KU) Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Darcy Ellis
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology (CEE), Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dana Paulina Cook
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology (CEE), Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Gabriele Sassi
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology (CEE), Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lieve Verlinden
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology (CEE), Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Annemieke Verstuyf
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology (CEE), Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jeroen Raes
- Laboratory of Molecular Bacteriology, Rega-Institute, Katholieke Universiteit (KU) Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Chantal Mathieu
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology (CEE), Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Conny Gysemans
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology (CEE), Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- *Correspondence: Conny Gysemans,
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29
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Zheng M, Gao R. Vitamin D: A Potential Star for Treating Chronic Pancreatitis. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:902639. [PMID: 35734414 PMCID: PMC9207250 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.902639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic pancreatitis (CP) is a chronic inflammatory and fibrotic disease of the pancreas. The incidence of CP is increasing worldwide but the effective therapies are lacking. Hence, it is necessary to identify economical and effective agents for the treatment of CP patients. Vitamin D (VD) and its analogues have been confirmed as pleiotropic regulators of cell proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation and autophagy. Clinical studies show that VD deficiency is prevalent in CP patients. However, the correlation between VD level and the risk of CP remains controversial. VD and its analogues have been demonstrated to inhibit pancreatic fibrosis by suppressing the activation of pancreatic stellate cells and the production of extracellular matrix. Limited clinical trials have shown that the supplement of VD can improve VD deficiency in patients with CP, suggesting a potential therapeutic value of VD in CP. However, the mechanisms by which VD and its analogues inhibit pancreatic fibrosis have not been fully elucidated. We are reviewing the current literature concerning the risk factors for developing CP, prevalence of VD deficiency in CP, mechanisms of VD action in PSC-mediated fibrogenesis during the development of CP and potential therapeutic applications of VD and its analogues in the treatment of CP.
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30
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Bae JH, Choe HJ, Holick MF, Lim S. Association of vitamin D status with COVID-19 and its severity : Vitamin D and COVID-19: a narrative review. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2022; 23:579-599. [PMID: 34982377 PMCID: PMC8724612 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-021-09705-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin D is associated with biological activities of the innate and adaptive immune systems, as well as inflammation. In observational studies, an inverse relationship has been found between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations and the risk or severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Several mechanisms have been proposed for the role of vitamin D in COVID-19, including modulation of immune and inflammatory responses, regulation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, and involvement in glucose metabolism and cardiovascular system. Low 25(OH)D concentrations might predispose patients with COVID-19 to severe outcomes not only via the associated hyperinflammatory syndrome but also by worsening preexisting impaired glucose metabolism and cardiovascular diseases. Some randomized controlled trials have shown that vitamin D supplementation is beneficial for reducing severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 RNA positivity but not for reducing intensive care unit admission or all-cause mortality in patients with moderate-to-severe COVID-19. Current evidence suggests that taking a vitamin D supplement to maintain a serum concentration of 25(OH)D of at least 30 ng/mL (preferred range 40-60 ng/mL), can help reduce the risk of COVID-19 and its severe outcomes, including mortality. Although further well designed studies are warranted, it is prudent to recommend vitamin D supplements to people with vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency during the COVID-19 pandemic according to international guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Hyun Bae
- grid.411134.20000 0004 0474 0479Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hun Jee Choe
- grid.412484.f0000 0001 0302 820XDepartment of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Michael F. Holick
- grid.189504.10000 0004 1936 7558Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition and Weight Management, Department of Medicine, Boston University Medical Campus, 715 Albany St #437, Boston, MA 02118 USA
| | - Soo Lim
- grid.412480.b0000 0004 0647 3378Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 82, Gumi-ro, 173 Beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, 13620 South Korea
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Mahwish, Saeed F, Afzaal M, Hussain M, Imran M, Nawaz T, Siddeeg A. Dietary guidelines to boost immunity during pre and post covid-19 conditions. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2022.2071287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mahwish
- Institute of Home Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Farhan Saeed
- Department of Food Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Afzaal
- Department of Food Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muzzamal Hussain
- Department of Food Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Food, nutrition and lifestyle Unit, King Fahed Medical Research Center, Clinical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University
- Department of food science and technology, University of Narowal, Pakistan
| | - Taufiq Nawaz
- Department of Food Science and Technology, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Azhari Siddeeg
- Department of Food Engineering and Technology, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, University of Gezira, Wad Medani, Sudan
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Piazza M, Di Cicco M, Pecoraro L, Ghezzi M, Peroni D, Comberiati P. Long COVID-19 in Children: From the Pathogenesis to the Biologically Plausible Roots of the Syndrome. Biomolecules 2022; 12:556. [PMID: 35454144 PMCID: PMC9024951 DOI: 10.3390/biom12040556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Long Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) refers to the persistence of symptoms related to the infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). This condition is described as persistent and can manifest in various combinations of signs and symptoms, such as fatigue, headache, dyspnea, depression, cognitive impairment, and altered perception of smells and tastes. Long COVID-19 may be due to long-term damage to different organs-such as lung, brain, kidney, and heart-caused by persisting viral-induced inflammation, immune dysregulation, autoimmunity, diffuse endothelial damage, and micro thrombosis. In this review, we discuss the potential and biologically plausible role of some vitamins, essential elements, and functional foods based on the hypothesis that an individual's dietary status may play an important adjunctive role in protective immunity against COVID-19 and possibly against its long-term consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Piazza
- Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Pediatrics and Gynecology, University of Verona, 37126 Verona, Italy; (M.P.); (L.P.)
| | - Maria Di Cicco
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pediatrics, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (M.D.C.); (P.C.)
| | - Luca Pecoraro
- Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Pediatrics and Gynecology, University of Verona, 37126 Verona, Italy; (M.P.); (L.P.)
| | - Michele Ghezzi
- Allergology and Pneumology Unit, V. Buzzi Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy;
| | - Diego Peroni
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pediatrics, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (M.D.C.); (P.C.)
| | - Pasquale Comberiati
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pediatrics, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (M.D.C.); (P.C.)
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Zha L, Wu G, Xiao H, Xiao Y. Vitamin D Attenuates Airway Inflammation in Asthmatic Guinea Pigs Using Mammalian Target of Rapamycin-Mediated Autophagy. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2022; 42:170-179. [PMID: 35438528 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2021.0189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this experiment is to find out the function of Vitamin D (VD) in airway inflammation in asthmatic guinea pigs by regulating mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)-mediated autophagy. A total of 40 male guinea pigs were randomly assigned into the Con group, the ovalbumin (OVA)-sensitized group, the VD group, the VD + dimethyl sulfoxide group, and the VD + rapamycin (mTOR inhibitor) group. Then, serum from all groups was harvested for the measurement of immunoglobulin E (IgE), interleukin (IL)-4, and IL-5 levels. Next, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was collected for cell counting. Moreover, lung tissues were extracted to assess levels of p-mTOR and autophagy factors (LC3B, Beclin1, Atg5, and P62). Compared with the Con group, the OVA group showed elevated levels of IgE, IL-4, and IL-5, increased contents of eosinophils, neutrophil, and lymphocytes, and declined monocytes. And the VD group improved inflammatory reactions in the guinea pigs. Besides, the OVA group showed lower levels of p-mTOR and P62 and higher autophagy levels than the Con group, while the VD group had opposite results. Rapamycin annulled the suppressive role of VD to airway inflammation in asthmatic guinea pigs. VD might inhibit OVA-induced airway inflammation by inducing mTOR activation and downregulating autophagy in asthmatic guinea pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zha
- Department of Pediatric, Puren Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Guangji Wu
- Department of Pediatric, Puren Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongli Xiao
- Department of Pediatric, Puren Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanmin Xiao
- Department of Pediatric, Puren Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Villasis-Keever MA, López-Alarcón MG, Miranda-Novales G, Zurita-Cruz JN, Barrada-Vázquez AS, González-Ibarra J, Martínez-Reyes M, Grajales-Muñiz C, Santacruz-Tinoco CE, Martínez-Miguel B, Maldonado-Hernández J, Cifuentes-González Y, Klünder-Klünder M, Garduño-Espinosa J, López-Martínez B, Parra-Ortega I. Efficacy and Safety of Vitamin D Supplementation to Prevent COVID-19 in Frontline Healthcare Workers. A Randomized Clinical Trial. Arch Med Res 2022; 53:423-430. [PMID: 35487792 PMCID: PMC9013626 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2022.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Associations between vitamin D (VD) deficiency and the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection have been documented in cross-sectional population studies. Intervention studies in patients with moderate to severe COVID-19 have failed to consistently document a beneficial effect. Objective To determine the efficacy and safety of VD-supplementation in the prevention of SARS-CoV-2 infection in highly exposed individuals. Methods A double-blind, parallel, randomized trial was conducted. Frontline healthcare workers from four hospitals in Mexico City, who tested negative for SARS-CoV-2 infection, were enrolled between July 15 and December 30, 2020. Participants were randomly assigned to receive 4,000 IU VD (VDG) or placebo (PG) daily for 30 d. RT-PCR tests were taken at baseline and repeated if COVID-19 manifestations appeared during follow-up. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 and antibody tests were measured at baseline and at day 45. Per-protocol and intention-to-treat analysis were conducted. Results Of 321 recruited subjects, 94 VDG and 98 PG completed follow-up. SARS-CoV-2 infection rate was lower in VDG than in PG (6.4 vs. 24.5%, p <0.001). The risk of acquiring SARS-CoV-2 infection was lower in the VDG than in the PG (RR: 0.23; 95% CI: 0.09–0.55) and was associated with an increment in serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (RR: 0.87; 95% CI: 0.82–0.93), independently of VD deficiency. No significant adverse events were identified. Conclusions Our results suggest that VD-supplementation in highly exposed individuals prevents SARS-CoV-2 infection without serious AEs and regardless of VD status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A Villasis-Keever
- Unidad de Investigación en Análisis y Síntesis de la Evidencia, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Mardia G López-Alarcón
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Nutrición, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, México.
| | - Guadalupe Miranda-Novales
- Unidad de Investigación en Análisis y Síntesis de la Evidencia, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Jessie N Zurita-Cruz
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Aly S Barrada-Vázquez
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Nutrición, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Joaquín González-Ibarra
- Coordinación de Investigación en Salud, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Monserrat Martínez-Reyes
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Nutrición, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Concepción Grajales-Muñiz
- Laboratorio Central de Epidemiología, Centro Médico Nacional La Raza, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Clara E Santacruz-Tinoco
- Laboratorio Central de Epidemiología, Centro Médico Nacional La Raza, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Bernardo Martínez-Miguel
- Laboratorio Central de Epidemiología, Centro Médico Nacional La Raza, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Jorge Maldonado-Hernández
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Nutrición, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Yazmín Cifuentes-González
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Nutrición, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, México
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Salvio G, Gianfelice C, Firmani F, Lunetti S, Ferroni R, Balercia G, Giacchetti G. Remote management of osteoporosis in the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. Arch Osteoporos 2022; 17:37. [PMID: 35235056 PMCID: PMC8889057 DOI: 10.1007/s11657-022-01069-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
We conducted a survey during the first pandemic wave of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on a large group of osteoporotic patients to evaluate the general conditions of osteoporotic patients and the impact of the pandemic on the management of osteoporosis, finding high compliance to treatments and low COVID-19 lethality. INTRODUCTION During the first pandemic wave of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), 209,254 cases were diagnosed in Italy; fatalities were 26,892 and were overwhelmingly older patients. The high prevalence of osteoporosis in this age group suggests a potential relationship between SARS-CoV-2 infection and bone metabolism. METHODS In a telephone survey conducted from April to May 2020, patients from the Osteoporosis Center, Clinic of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases of Umberto I Hospital (Ancona, Italy), were interviewed to evaluate the general clinical conditions of osteoporotic patients, compliance with osteoporosis medications, COVID-19 prevalence, hospitalization rate, COVID-19 mortality, and lethality. RESULTS Among the 892 patients interviewed, 77.9% were taking osteoporosis treatment and 94.6% vitamin D supplementation as prescribed at the last visit. COVID-19-like symptoms were reported by 5.1%, whereas confirmed cases were 1.2%. A total number of 33 patients had been in hospital and the hospitalization rate of those who had not discontinued vitamin D supplementation was less than 4%. There were eight deaths, two with a concomitant COVID-19 diagnosis. The prevalence of severe osteoporosis was 50% in total COVID-19 patients and 87.5% in deceased COVID-19 patients. The overall COVID-19 mortality was 0.2%; lethality was 20%, lower than the national rate of the same age group. CONCLUSIONS This large group of osteoporotic patients showed high compliance and lower COVID-19 lethality compared to patients of the same age. Novel approaches such as telemedicine can provide critical support for the remote follow-up of patients with chronic diseases also in the setting of routine care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianmaria Salvio
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Division of Endocrinology, Umberto I Hospital, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Conca 71, 60126, Ancona, Italy
| | - Claudio Gianfelice
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Division of Endocrinology, Umberto I Hospital, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Conca 71, 60126, Ancona, Italy
| | - Francesca Firmani
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Division of Endocrinology, Umberto I Hospital, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Conca 71, 60126, Ancona, Italy
| | - Stefano Lunetti
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Division of Endocrinology, Umberto I Hospital, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Conca 71, 60126, Ancona, Italy
| | - Rossella Ferroni
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Division of Endocrinology, Umberto I Hospital, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Conca 71, 60126, Ancona, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Balercia
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Division of Endocrinology, Umberto I Hospital, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Conca 71, 60126, Ancona, Italy
| | - Gilberta Giacchetti
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Division of Endocrinology, Umberto I Hospital, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Conca 71, 60126, Ancona, Italy.
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Qurban R, Saeed S, Kanwal W, Junaid K, Rehman A. Potential immune modulatory effect of vitamin D in HIV infection: A review. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2022; 47:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2021.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Che D, Yu L, Guo Y, Ke HJ, Liu C, Wu JL. Correlation between vitamin D levels and bone metabolism in children with cow's milk allergy. J Int Med Res 2022; 50:3000605211066071. [PMID: 34994215 PMCID: PMC8753241 DOI: 10.1177/03000605211066071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Research is limited regarding biochemical markers of bone metabolism among children with cow’s milk protein allergy (CMPA). We aimed to determine differences in vitamin D and bone metabolism markers between infants with CMPA and healthy infants and explore relationships between these in a cross-sectional study. Methods In total, we included 41 children diagnosed with CMPA and under systematic medical and nutritional care at our center, and 50 healthy children as a control group. We reviewed demographic and clinical characteristics and measured serum biomarkers. Results We found that serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels among infants in the CMPA group were significantly lower than those in the control group, and levels of bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BALP), serum phosphorus, and serum calcitonin were reduced. Pearson correlation analysis showed that serum 25(OH)D concentrations in the CMPA group were negatively correlated with parathyroid hormone but not significantly correlated with calcitonin and BALP. Logistic regression showed that CMPA was a risk factor for vitamin D deficiency. Conclusions Our study indicated that CMPA was associated with disturbances in bone metabolism. Levels of vitamin D in children with CMPA were lower than those in healthy children. CMPA was a risk factor for vitamin D deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Che
- Department of Children's Health Care, 90405Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Yu
- Department of Children's Health Care, 90405Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yong Guo
- Department of Children's Health Care, 90405Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hai-Jin Ke
- Department of Children's Health Care, 90405Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cui Liu
- Department of Children's Health Care, 90405Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie-Ling Wu
- Department of Children's Health Care, 90405Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Gnocchi M, D’Alvano T, Lattanzi C, Messina G, Petraroli M, Patianna VD, Esposito S, Street ME. Current evidence on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on paediatric endocrine conditions. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:913334. [PMID: 35992140 PMCID: PMC9388786 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.913334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) interacts with the host cells through its spike protein by binding to the membrane enzyme angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and it can have a direct effect on endocrine function as ACE2 is expressed in many glands and organs with endocrine function. Furthermore, several endocrine conditions have features that might increase the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and the severity and course of the infection, as obesity for the underlying chronic increased inflammatory status and metabolic derangement, and for the possible changes in thyroid function. Vitamin D has immunomodulatory effects, and its deficiency has negative effects. Adrenal insufficiency and excess glucocorticoids affect immune conditions also besides metabolism. This review aims to analyze the rationale for the fear of direct effects of SARS-Cov-2 on endocrinological disorders, to study the influence of pre-existing endocrine disorders on the course of the infection, and the actual data in childhood. Currently, data concerning endocrine function during the pandemic are scarce in childhood and for many aspects definite conclusions cannot be drawn, however, data on properly managed patients with adrenal insufficiency at present are re-assuring. Too little attention has been paid to thyroid function and further studies may be helpful. The available data support a need for adequate vitamin D supplementation, caution in obese patients, monitoring of thyroid function in hospitalized patients, and confirm the need for an awareness campaign for the increased frequency of precocious puberty, rapidly progressive puberty and precocious menarche. The changes in lifestyle, the increased incidence of overweight and the change in the timing of puberty lead also to hypothesize that there might be an increase in ovarian dysfunction, as for example polycystic ovarian disease, and metabolic derangements in the next years, and in the future we might be facing fertility problems. This prompts to be cautious and maintain further surveillance.
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Morales JS, Valenzuela PL, Castillo-García A, Butragueño J, Jiménez-Pavón D, Carrera-Bastos P, Lucia A. The Exposome and Immune Health in Times of the COVID-19 Pandemic. Nutrients 2021; 14:24. [PMID: 35010900 PMCID: PMC8746533 DOI: 10.3390/nu14010024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence supports the importance of lifestyle and environmental exposures-collectively referred to as the 'exposome'-for ensuring immune health. In this narrative review, we summarize and discuss the effects of the different exposome components (physical activity, body weight management, diet, sun exposure, stress, sleep and circadian rhythms, pollution, smoking, and gut microbiome) on immune function and inflammation, particularly in the context of the current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. We highlight the potential role of 'exposome improvements' in the prevention-or amelioration, once established-of this disease as well as their effect on the response to vaccination. In light of the existing evidence, the promotion of a healthy exposome should be a cornerstone in the prevention and management of the COVID-19 pandemic and other eventual pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier S. Morales
- MOVE-IT Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, Universidad de Cádiz, 11519 Cadiz, Spain;
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cádiz (INiBICA) Research Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, University of Cádiz, 11009 Cadiz, Spain
| | - Pedro L. Valenzuela
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, 28670 Madrid, Spain; (P.L.V.); (A.L.)
- Physical Activity and Health Research Group (‘PaHerg’), Research Institute of the Hospital 12 de Octubre (‘imas12′), 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Javier Butragueño
- LFE Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Polytechnic University of Madrid (UPM), 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - David Jiménez-Pavón
- MOVE-IT Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, Universidad de Cádiz, 11519 Cadiz, Spain;
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cádiz (INiBICA) Research Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, University of Cádiz, 11009 Cadiz, Spain
- CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pedro Carrera-Bastos
- Centre for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University, Skane University Hospital, 205 02 Malmö, Sweden;
- Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, 28670 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Lucia
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, 28670 Madrid, Spain; (P.L.V.); (A.L.)
- Physical Activity and Health Research Group (‘PaHerg’), Research Institute of the Hospital 12 de Octubre (‘imas12′), 28041 Madrid, Spain
- CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Parra-Ortega I, Alcara-Ramírez DG, Ronzon-Ronzon AA, Elías-García F, Mata-Chapol JA, Cervantes-Cote AD, López-Martínez B, Villasis-Keever MA, Zurita-Cruz JN. 25-Hydroxyvitamin D level is associated with mortality in patients with critical COVID-19: a prospective observational study in Mexico City. Nutr Res Pract 2021; 15:S32-S40. [PMID: 34909131 PMCID: PMC8636388 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2021.15.s1.s32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Revised: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Considering the high number of deaths from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Latin American countries, together with multiple factors that increase the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency, we aimed to determine 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) levels and its association with mortality in patients with critical COVID-19. SUBJECTS/METHODS This was a prospective observational study including adult patients with critical COVID-19. Data, including clinical characteristics and 25(OH)D levels measured at the time of intensive care unit admission, were collected. All patients were followed until hospital discharge or in-hospital death. The patients were divided into those surviving and deceased patient groups, and univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to determine independent predictors of in hospital mortality. RESULTS The entire cohort comprised 94 patients with critical COVID-19 (males, 59.6%; median age, 61.5 years). The median 25(OH)D level was 12.7 ng/mL, and 15 (16%) and 79 (84%) patients had vitamin D insufficiency and vitamin D deficiency, respectively. The median serum 25(OH)D level was significantly lower in deceased patients compared with surviving (12.1 vs. 18.7 ng/mL, P < 0.001). Vitamin D deficiency was present in 100% of the deceased patients. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that age, body mass index, other risk factors, and 25(OH)D level were independent predictors of mortality. CONCLUSIONS Vitamin D deficiency was present in 84% of critical COVID-19 patients. Serum 25(OH)D was independently associated with mortality in critical patients with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Israel Parra-Ortega
- Auxiliary Diagnostic Services, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Ministry of Health (SSA), Mexico City 06720, Mexico
| | - Diana Guadalupe Alcara-Ramírez
- Auxiliary Diagnostic Services, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Ministry of Health (SSA), Mexico City 06720, Mexico
| | - Alma Angélica Ronzon-Ronzon
- Radiology and Imaging Service, General Zone Hospital 48, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City 02750, Mexico
| | - Fermín Elías-García
- Auxiliary Diagnostic Services, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Ministry of Health (SSA), Mexico City 06720, Mexico
| | - José Agustín Mata-Chapol
- Auxiliary Diagnostic Services, General Zone Hospital 48, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City 02750, Mexico
| | | | - Briceida López-Martínez
- Auxiliary Diagnostic Services, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Ministry of Health (SSA), Mexico City 06720, Mexico
| | - Miguel Angel Villasis-Keever
- Analysis and Synthesis of the Evidence Research Unit, National Medical Center XXI Century, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City 06720, Mexico
| | - Jessie Nallely Zurita-Cruz
- Facultad de Medicina Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City 06720, Mexico
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Basheti IA, Mhaidat NM, Al-Azzam S, Alqudah R, Nassar R, Alzubaidi H, Abu-Samak MS, Abu-Gharbieh E. Knowledge and perceptions of pharmacists' readiness during coronavirus pandemic: the case of United Arab Emirates. J Pharm Policy Pract 2021; 14:102. [PMID: 34857056 PMCID: PMC8637029 DOI: 10.1186/s40545-021-00382-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the outbreak of Coronavirus infection (COVID-19), pharmacists play an important role in supporting local health during this emergency. AIM To assess the knowledge and to identify information sources regarding COVID-19 used by pharmacists, to investigate the active and public perceived roles of pharmacists, to explore the role of the pharmacy facilities and health authorities, and to identify barriers that would hinder pharmacists from performing their duties optimally in the United Arab Emirates. METHODS This descriptive cross-sectional online study was conducted in the UAE during the COVID-19 outbreak, from 18 May to 20 June 2020. A validated online questionnaire addressing participants' current knowledge about pandemics and COVID-19, source of information, and their perspectives of their role was used. Participants were licensed pharmacists practising in community and hospital pharmacies in UAE, academics, and pharmacy students. RESULTS Almost two-thirds of the participants (71.2%) were aged 18-30 years, with 76.2% females. Only 57.5% of participants believed that they got enough education about pandemics, and 88.3% of them followed on the latest coronavirus updates regarding treatments, and that is mainly from the World Health Organization reports (53.9%), followed by health authorities (44.8%). Two-thirds of participants (69.7%) had good/very good current knowledge regarding COVID-19. Knowledge of pharmacy students compared to pharmacists was significantly higher (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION The majority of pharmacists and pharmacy students reported that they have a major role in managing pandemics executed through the community pharmacies and that it is their role to ensure the availability of key medications. Policymakers and health authorities are called upon to train pharmacists in advance of emerging situations, supporting and helping them to optimally fulfill their role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iman A. Basheti
- Clinical Pharmacy, Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Nizar M. Mhaidat
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Sayer Al-Azzam
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Rajaa Alqudah
- Clinical Pharmacy, Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Razan Nassar
- Clinical Pharmacy, Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Hamzah Alzubaidi
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmacotherapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mahmoud S. Abu-Samak
- Clinical Pharmacy, Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Eman Abu-Gharbieh
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, 27272 Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
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Borsche L, Glauner B, von Mendel J. COVID-19 Mortality Risk Correlates Inversely with Vitamin D3 Status, and a Mortality Rate Close to Zero Could Theoretically Be Achieved at 50 ng/mL 25(OH)D3: Results of a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients 2021; 13:3596. [PMID: 34684596 PMCID: PMC8541492 DOI: 10.3390/nu13103596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Much research shows that blood calcidiol (25(OH)D3) levels correlate strongly with SARS-CoV-2 infection severity. There is open discussion regarding whether low D3 is caused by the infection or if deficiency negatively affects immune defense. The aim of this study was to collect further evidence on this topic. METHODS Systematic literature search was performed to identify retrospective cohort as well as clinical studies on COVID-19 mortality rates versus D3 blood levels. Mortality rates from clinical studies were corrected for age, sex, and diabetes. Data were analyzed using correlation and linear regression. RESULTS One population study and seven clinical studies were identified, which reported D3 blood levels preinfection or on the day of hospital admission. The two independent datasets showed a negative Pearson correlation of D3 levels and mortality risk (r(17) = -0.4154, p = 0.0770/r(13) = -0.4886, p = 0.0646). For the combined data, median (IQR) D3 levels were 23.2 ng/mL (17.4-26.8), and a significant Pearson correlation was observed (r(32) = -0.3989, p = 0.0194). Regression suggested a theoretical point of zero mortality at approximately 50 ng/mL D3. CONCLUSIONS The datasets provide strong evidence that low D3 is a predictor rather than just a side effect of the infection. Despite ongoing vaccinations, we recommend raising serum 25(OH)D levels to above 50 ng/mL to prevent or mitigate new outbreaks due to escape mutations or decreasing antibody activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Julian von Mendel
- Artificial Intelligence, IU International University of Applied Sciences, D-99084 Erfurt, Germany;
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Gromova OA, Torshin II, Chuchalin AG, Kozhevnikova EN, Malyavskaya SI. Roles of active forms of vitamin D in supporting innate immune systems and in reducing excess inflammation in COVID-19. TERAPEVT ARKH 2021; 93:948-953. [DOI: 10.26442/00403660.2021.08.200918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
A reduced supply of micronutrient vitamin D leads to a more severe course of coronavirus infection (COVID-19). Vitamin D deficiency is combined with a decrease in innate antiviral immunity and excess of inflammation. Vitamin D supplementation stimulates the synthesis of antibacterial peptides and is important for weakening the cytokine storm, reducing excessive acute and chronic inflammation, and also for compensating for chronic comorbid pathologies. Active forms of vitamin D (alfacalcidol, etc.) are of particular importance for compensating for vitamin D deficiency in elderly patients, endocrine-immune dysfunction, sarcopenia, chronic renal failure (in which the metabolism of vitamin D in the kidneys is disturbed).
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Johnson CR, Dudenkov DV, Mara KC, Fischer PR, Maxson JA, Thacher TD. Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D and Subsequent Cancer Incidence and Mortality: A Population-Based Retrospective Cohort Study. Mayo Clin Proc 2021; 96:2157-2167. [PMID: 34353470 PMCID: PMC8359728 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2020.12.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the relationship between 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) values and subsequent cancer incidence and mortality. PATIENTS AND METHODS We identified all adult patients living in Olmsted County, Minnesota, between January 1, 2005, and December 31, 2011, who had at least 1 25(OH)D measurement and no prior diagnosis of cancer. Cancer outcomes were retrieved starting 30 days after 25(OH)D measurement and until patients' final clinical visit as an Olmsted County resident; December 31, 2014; or death. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to analyze data. RESULTS A total of 8700 individuals had a 25(OH)D measurement and no history of cancer, with a mean ± SD 25(OH)D value of 29.7±12.8 ng/mL (to convert to nmol/L, multiply by 2.496). The mean ± SD age was 51.5±16.4 years, and most were women (78.1%; n=6796) and White (85.7%; n=7460). A total of 761 individuals developed cancer (skin cancer, n=360; nonskin cancer, n=401) during a median follow-up of 4.6 (interquartile range, 3.4-6.1) years. Compared with participants with 25(OH)D values of 20 to 50 ng/mL (reference group), those with 25(OH)D values less than 12 ng/mL had a greater nonskin cancer incidence (hazard ratio [HR], 1.56; 95% CI, 1.03 to 2.36; P=.04) after adjustment. There was no association between 25(OH)D values and total cancer or skin cancer incidence. Compared with individuals from the reference group, 25(OH)D levels less than 12 ng/mL (HR, 2.35; 95% CI, 1.01 to 5.48; P=.047) and 12 to 19 ng/mL (HR, 2.10; 95% CI, 1.05 to 4.22; P=.04) were associated with increased cancer mortality. CONCLUSION Low 25(OH)D levels were associated with increased risk for incident nonskin cancer and cancer-related mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey R Johnson
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.
| | | | - Kristin C Mara
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Philip R Fischer
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Julie A Maxson
- Department of Family Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Tom D Thacher
- Department of Family Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
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Puścion-Jakubik A, Markiewicz-Żukowska R, Naliwajko SK, Gromkowska-Kępka KJ, Moskwa J, Grabia M, Mielech A, Bielecka J, Karpińska E, Mielcarek K, Nowakowski P, Socha K. Intake of Antioxidant Vitamins and Minerals in Relation to Body Composition, Skin Hydration and Lubrication in Young Women. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:1110. [PMID: 34356343 PMCID: PMC8301013 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10071110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to estimate the consumption of selected dietary components with antioxidant properties, undertake body composition analysis, assess skin hydration and lubrication, and establish the relationships between the above parameters. The study was carried out on 172 young women. The consumption of ingredients (vitamins A, C, D and E, and Cu, Mn, Zn) was assessed using the Diet 6.0 program, body composition was assessed using electrical bioimpedance and skin hydration and lubrication were assessed using the corneometric and sebumetric methods, respectively. About one-third of students showed insufficient consumption of vitamin C, vitamin E and zinc, while about 99% showed insufficient vitamin D levels. The highest degree of hydration was observed in the areas of the eyelids, neckline and chin. The greatest amount of sebum was found in the area of the nose and forehead. Low positive correlations between hydration or lubrication and Cu, vitamin A and vitamin E were observed. In conclusion, to properly moisturize and lubricate the skin, young women should eat products that are rich in ingredients with antioxidant properties, in particular fat-soluble vitamins A and E, but also copper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Puścion-Jakubik
- Department of Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Białystok, Mickiewicza 2D Street, 15-222 Białystok, Poland; (R.M.-Ż.); (S.K.N.); (K.J.G.-K.); (J.M.); (M.G.); (A.M.); (J.B.); (E.K.); (K.M.); (P.N.); (K.S.)
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Chu X, Jaeger M, Beumer J, Bakker OB, Aguirre-Gamboa R, Oosting M, Smeekens SP, Moorlag S, Mourits VP, Koeken VACM, de Bree C, Jansen T, Mathews IT, Dao K, Najhawan M, Watrous JD, Joosten I, Sharma S, Koenen HJPM, Withoff S, Jonkers IH, Netea-Maier RT, Xavier RJ, Franke L, Xu CJ, Joosten LAB, Sanna S, Jain M, Kumar V, Clevers H, Wijmenga C, Netea MG, Li Y. Integration of metabolomics, genomics, and immune phenotypes reveals the causal roles of metabolites in disease. Genome Biol 2021; 22:198. [PMID: 34229738 PMCID: PMC8259168 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-021-02413-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies highlight the role of metabolites in immune diseases, but it remains unknown how much of this effect is driven by genetic and non-genetic host factors. RESULT We systematically investigate circulating metabolites in a cohort of 500 healthy subjects (500FG) in whom immune function and activity are deeply measured and whose genetics are profiled. Our data reveal that several major metabolic pathways, including the alanine/glutamate pathway and the arachidonic acid pathway, have a strong impact on cytokine production in response to ex vivo stimulation. We also examine the genetic regulation of metabolites associated with immune phenotypes through genome-wide association analysis and identify 29 significant loci, including eight novel independent loci. Of these, one locus (rs174584-FADS2) associated with arachidonic acid metabolism is causally associated with Crohn's disease, suggesting it is a potential therapeutic target. CONCLUSION This study provides a comprehensive map of the integration between the blood metabolome and immune phenotypes, reveals novel genetic factors that regulate blood metabolite concentrations, and proposes an integrative approach for identifying new disease treatment targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Chu
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700, RB, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Department of Computational Biology for Individualised Medicine, Centre for Individualised Infection Medicine, CiiM, a joint venture between the Hannover Medical School and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
- TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Hannover Medical School and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
| | - Martin Jaeger
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525, HP, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Joep Beumer
- Oncode Institute, Hubrecht Institute-KNAW (Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences) and University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584, CT, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Olivier B Bakker
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700, RB, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Raul Aguirre-Gamboa
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700, RB, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Marije Oosting
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525, HP, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Sanne P Smeekens
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525, HP, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Simone Moorlag
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525, HP, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Vera P Mourits
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525, HP, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Valerie A C M Koeken
- Department of Computational Biology for Individualised Medicine, Centre for Individualised Infection Medicine, CiiM, a joint venture between the Hannover Medical School and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
- TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Hannover Medical School and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525, HP, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Charlotte de Bree
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525, HP, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Trees Jansen
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525, HP, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Ian T Mathews
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
- La Jolla Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Khoi Dao
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Mahan Najhawan
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Jeramie D Watrous
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Irma Joosten
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory for Medical Immunology, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525, GA, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Hans J P M Koenen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory for Medical Immunology, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525, GA, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Sebo Withoff
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700, RB, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Iris H Jonkers
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700, RB, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Romana T Netea-Maier
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525, HP, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Ramnik J Xavier
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
- Center for Computational and Integrative Biology and Gastrointestinal Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Lude Franke
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700, RB, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Cheng-Jian Xu
- Department of Computational Biology for Individualised Medicine, Centre for Individualised Infection Medicine, CiiM, a joint venture between the Hannover Medical School and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
- TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Hannover Medical School and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525, HP, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Leo A B Joosten
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525, HP, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Serena Sanna
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700, RB, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Mohit Jain
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Vinod Kumar
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700, RB, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Hans Clevers
- Oncode Institute, Hubrecht Institute-KNAW (Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences) and University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584, CT, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Heidelberglaan 25, 3584, CS, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Cisca Wijmenga
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700, RB, Groningen, the Netherlands.
- Department of Immunology, University of Oslo, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, 0372, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Mihai G Netea
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525, HP, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
- Department for Genomics & Immunoregulation, Life and Medical Sciences Institute (LIMES), University of Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany.
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700, RB, Groningen, the Netherlands.
- Department of Computational Biology for Individualised Medicine, Centre for Individualised Infection Medicine, CiiM, a joint venture between the Hannover Medical School and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Hannover, Germany.
- TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Hannover Medical School and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Hannover, Germany.
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525, HP, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
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Al Kiyumi MH, Kalra S, Davies J, Kalhan A. The Impact of Vitamin D Deficiency on the Severity of Symptoms and Mortality Rate among Adult Patients with Covid-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Indian J Endocrinol Metab 2021; 25:261-282. [PMID: 35136732 PMCID: PMC8793953 DOI: 10.4103/ijem.ijem_115_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We aimed to study the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency (VDD) in patients with COVID-19 infection and evaluate the impact of vitamin D levels on the severity of symptoms and the case fatality rate. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION A comprehensive literature search was performed up to December 20, 2020, using the following databases: MEDLINE, PubMed, EMBASE, SCOPUS, Web of Science, and preprint databases (BioRxiv and MedRxiv). Any individual observational study related to the prevalence and impact of vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency (VDD/VDI) on the severity of COVID-19 symptoms and mortality rates was included. No language restrictions were applied, and both published and non-published studies were included. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS Two of the authors independently performed the literature search and assessed the eligibility of studies. The quality of studies included was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Data were analyzed using the Review Manager Software (version 5) and Comprehensive Meta-analysis Software (version 3). A total of 43 studies were included with a sample size of 254,963 patients with COVID-19. Pooled analysis showed a higher prevalence of VDD and VDI in patients with COVID-19 (59.0% and 40.1%, respectively). Moreover, a significant association was noticed between vitamin D levels and severity of symptoms (odds ratio [OR] = 3.38, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.94-5.87, P < 0.0001), as well as the case fatality rate (OR = 2.30, 95% CI: 1.47-3.59, P < 0.00001). CONCLUSIONS VDD is highly prevalent in patients with COVID-19 infection. Lower vitamin D levels correlate with disease severity and poor prognosis although most of the data have been derived from moderate-quality observational studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maisa Hamed Al Kiyumi
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman
| | - Sanjay Kalra
- Department of Endocrinology, Bharti Hospital, Karnal, India
| | - J.S. Davies
- Department of Endocrinology, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, Wales, UK
| | - Atul Kalhan
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Royal Glamorgan Hospital, Wales, UK
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Goswami S, Flores J, Balasubramanian I, Bandyopadhyay S, Joseph I, Bianchi-Smak J, Dhawan P, Mücahit DM, Yu S, Christakos S, Gao N. 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D 3 and dietary vitamin D reduce inflammation in mice lacking intestinal epithelial cell Rab11a. J Cell Physiol 2021; 236:8148-8159. [PMID: 34192357 PMCID: PMC9161497 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A number of studies have examined the effects of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2 D3 ) on intestinal inflammation driven by immune cells, while little information is currently available about its impact on inflammation caused by intestinal epithelial cell (IEC) defects. Mice lacking IEC-specific Rab11a a recycling endosome small GTPase resulted in increased epithelial cell production of inflammatory cytokines, notably IL-6 and early onset of enteritis. To determine whether vitamin D supplementation may benefit hosts with epithelial cell-originated mucosal inflammation, we evaluated in vivo effects of injected 1,25(OH)2 D3 or dietary supplement of a high dose of vitamin D on the gut phenotypes of IEC-specific Rab11a knockout mice (Rab11aΔIEC ). 1,25(OH)2 D3 administered at 25 ng, two doses per mouse, by intraperitoneal injection, reduced inflammatory cytokine production in knockout mice compared to vehicle-injected mice. Remarkably, feeding mice with dietary vitamin D supplementation at 20,000 IU/kg spanning fetal and postnatal developmental stages led to improved bodyweights, reduced immune cell infiltration, and decreased inflammatory cytokines. We found that these vitamin D effects were accompanied by decreased NF-κB (p65) in the knockout intestinal epithelia, reduced tissue-resident macrophages, and partial restoration of epithelial morphology. Our study suggests that dietary vitamin D supplementation may prevent and limit intestinal inflammation in hosts with high susceptibility to chronic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayantani Goswami
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Juan Flores
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Iyshwarya Balasubramanian
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Sheila Bandyopadhyay
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Ivor Joseph
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Jared Bianchi-Smak
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Puneet Dhawan
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Derya M Mücahit
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Shiyan Yu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Sylvia Christakos
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Nan Gao
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey, USA
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Oh S, Chun S, Hwang S, Kim J, Cho Y, Lee J, Kwack K, Choi SW. Vitamin D and Exercise Are Major Determinants of Natural Killer Cell Activity, Which Is Age- and Gender-Specific. Front Immunol 2021; 12:594356. [PMID: 34248925 PMCID: PMC8261050 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.594356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The coronavirus-19 disease (COVID-19) pandemic reminds us of the importance of immune function, even in immunologically normal individuals. Multiple lifestyle factors are known to influence the immune function. Objective The aim was to investigate the association between NK cell activity (NKA) and multiple factors including vitamin D, physical exercise, age, and gender. Methods This was a cross-sectional association study using health check-up and NKA data of 2,095 subjects collected from 2016 to 2018 in a health check-up center in the Republic of Korea. NKA was measured using the interferon-γ (IFN-γ) stimulation method. The association of NKA with 25-(OH)-vitamin D (25(OH)D) and other factors was investigated by multiple logistic regression analysis. Results The average age of subjects was 48.8 ± 11.6 years (52.9% of subjects were female). Among 2,095 subjects, 1,427 had normal NKA (NKA ≥ 500 pg IFN-γ/mL), while 506 had low NKA (100 ≤ NKA < 500 pg/mL), and 162 subjects had very low NKA (NKA < 100 pg/mL). Compared to men with low 25(OH)D serum level (< 20 ng/mL), vitamin D replete men (30–39.9 ng/mL) had significantly lower risk of very low NKA (OR: 0.358; 95% CI: 0.138, 0.929; P = 0.035). In women, both low exercise (OR: 0.529; 95% CI: 0.299, 0.939; P = 0.030) and medium to high exercise (OR: 0.522; 95% CI: 0.277, 0.981; P = 0.043) decreased the risk compared to lack of physical exercise. Interestingly, in men and women older than 60 years, physical exercise significantly decreased the risk. Older-age was associated with increased risk of very low NKA in men, but not in women. Conclusion Physical exercise and vitamin D were associated with NKA in a gender- and age-dependent manner. Age was a major risk factor of very low NKA in men but not in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sooyeon Oh
- Chaum Life Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Sukyung Chun
- Chaum Life Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sena Hwang
- Chaum Life Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jongseok Kim
- Chaum Life Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yuri Cho
- Center for Liver and Pancreatobiliary Cancer, National Cancer Center, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Jooho Lee
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - KyuBum Kwack
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Sang-Woon Choi
- Chaum Life Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, United States
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Biswas B, Goswami R. Differential gene expression analysis in 1,25(OH)2D3 treated human monocytes establishes link between AIDS progression, neurodegenerative disorders, and aging. Meta Gene 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2021.100886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
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