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Zhou Q, Li X, Zheng X, Zhang X, Jiang Y, Shen H. Metabolomics reveals the phytotoxicity mechanisms of foliar spinach exposed to bulk and nano sizes of PbCO 3. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 465:133097. [PMID: 38113737 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.133097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
PbCO3 is an ancient raw material for Pb minerals and continues to pose potential risks to the environment and human health through mining and industrial processes. However, the specific effects of unintentional PbCO3 discharge on edible plants remain poorly understood. This study unravels how foliar application of PbCO3 induces phytotoxicity by potentially influencing leaf morphology, photosynthetic pigments, oxidative stress, and metabolic pathways related to energy regulation, cell damage, and antioxidant defense in Spinacia oleracea L. Additionally, it quantifies the resultant human health risks. Plants were foliarly exposed to PbCO3 nanoparticles (NPs) and bulk products (BPs), as well as Pb2+ at 0, 5, 10, 25, 50, and 100 mg·L-1 concentrations once a day for three weeks. The presence and localization of PbCO3 NPs inside the plant cells were confirmed by TEM-EDS analysis. The maximum accumulation of total Pb was recorded in the root (2947.77 mg·kg-1 DW for ion exposure), followed by the shoot (942.50 mg·kg-1 DW for NPs exposure). The results revealed that PbCO3 and Pb2+ exposure had size- and dose-dependent inhibitory effects on spinach length, biomass, and photosynthesis attributes, inducing impacts on the antioxidase activity of CAT, membrane permeability, and nutrient elements absorption and translocation. Pb2+ exhibited pronounced toxicity in morphology and chlorophyll; PbCO3 BP exposure accumulated the most lipid peroxidation products of MDA and H2O2; and PbCO3 NPs triggered the largest cell membrane damage. Furthermore, PbCO3 NPs at 10 and 100 mg·L-1 induced dose-dependent metabolic reprogramming in spinach leaves, disturbing the metabolic mechanisms related to amino acids, antioxidant defense, oxidative phosphorylation, fatty acid cycle, and the respiratory chain. The spinach showed a non-carcinogenic health risk hierarchy: Pb2+ > PbCO3 NPs > PbCO3 BPs, with children more vulnerable than adults. These findings enhance our understanding of PbCO3 particle effects on food security, emphasizing the need for further research to minimize their impact on human dietary health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qishang Zhou
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710062, PR China; International Joint Research Centre of Shaanxi Province for Pollutant Exposure and Eco-environmental Health, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710062, PR China
| | - Xiaoping Li
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710062, PR China; International Joint Research Centre of Shaanxi Province for Pollutant Exposure and Eco-environmental Health, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710062, PR China; MRC Centre for Environment and Health, Environmental Research Group, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, 80 Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, UK.
| | - Xueming Zheng
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710062, PR China; International Joint Research Centre of Shaanxi Province for Pollutant Exposure and Eco-environmental Health, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710062, PR China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710062, PR China; International Joint Research Centre of Shaanxi Province for Pollutant Exposure and Eco-environmental Health, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710062, PR China
| | - Yueheng Jiang
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710062, PR China; International Joint Research Centre of Shaanxi Province for Pollutant Exposure and Eco-environmental Health, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710062, PR China
| | - He Shen
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710062, PR China; International Joint Research Centre of Shaanxi Province for Pollutant Exposure and Eco-environmental Health, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710062, PR China
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Ilyas MZ, Sa KJ, Ali MW, Lee JK. Toxic effects of lead on plants: integrating multi-omics with bioinformatics to develop Pb-tolerant crops. PLANTA 2023; 259:18. [PMID: 38085368 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-023-04296-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION Lead disrupts plant metabolic homeostasis and key structural elements. Utilizing modern biotechnology tools, it's feasible to develop Pb-tolerant varieties by discovering biological players regulating plant metabolic pathways under stress. Lead (Pb) has been used for a variety of purposes since antiquity despite its toxic nature. After arsenic, lead is the most hazardous heavy metal without any known beneficial role in the biological system. It is a crucial inorganic pollutant that affects plant biochemical and morpho-physiological attributes. Lead toxicity harms plants throughout their life cycle and the extent of damage depends on the concentration and duration of exposure. Higher levels of lead exposure disrupt numerous key metabolic activities of plants including oxygen-evolving complex, organelles integrity, photosystem II connectivity, and electron transport chain. This review summarizes the detrimental effects of lead toxicity on seed germination, crop growth, and yield, oxidative and ultra-structural alterations, as well as nutrient absorption, transport, and assimilation. Further, it discusses the Pb-induced toxic modulation of stomatal conductance, photosynthesis, respiration, metabolic-enzymatic activity, osmolytes accumulation, and antioxidant activity. It is a comprehensive review that reports on omics-based studies along with morpho-physiological and biochemical modifications caused by lead stress. With advances in DNA sequencing technologies, genomics and transcriptomics are gradually becoming popular for studying Pb stress effects in plants. Proteomics and metabolomics are still underrated and there is a scarcity of published data, and this review highlights both their technical and research gaps. Besides, there is also a discussion on how the integration of omics with bioinformatics and the use of the latest biotechnological tools can aid in developing Pb-tolerant crops. The review concludes with core challenges and research directions that need to be addressed soon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Zahaib Ilyas
- Department of Applied Plant Sciences, College of Bio-Resource Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, South Korea
| | - Kyu Jin Sa
- Department of Crop Science, College of Ecology & Environmental Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Sangju, 37224, Korea
| | - Muhammad Waqas Ali
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
- Department of Crop Genetics, John Innes Center, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Ju Kyong Lee
- Department of Applied Plant Sciences, College of Bio-Resource Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, South Korea.
- Interdisciplinary Program in Smart Agriculture, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, South Korea.
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Wang L, Xu Y, Zhao X, Zhu X, He X, Sun A, Zhuang G. Antagonistic effects of N-acetylcysteine on lead-induced apoptosis and oxidative stress in chicken embryo fibroblast cells. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21847. [PMID: 38034812 PMCID: PMC10682149 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Lead (Pb) is a heavy metal that can have harmful effects on the environment, which has severe cytotoxicity in many animal tissues. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) has antioxidant activity, reducing lead-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis, but its role in chicken cells is unknown. The current study explored the antagonistic effect of NAC on lead-induced apoptosis and oxidative stress in chicken embryo fibroblast (CEF). In this study, CEF was used as a model to measure the cytotoxic effects of lead nitrate at different concentrations, demonstrating a dose-dependent effect on CEF activity. Employing inverted microscopy, the investigation of morphological alterations in CEF cells was conducted. Fluorescence staining methodology enabled the assessment of reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels within CEF cells. Moreover, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was utilized to detect the presence of oxidative damage indicators encompassing superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), catalase (CAT) activity, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) within CEF cells. Furthermore, the determination of the apoptosis rate of CEF cells was accomplished through the utilization of the Hoechst 33258 staining method in combination with the Annexin V-FITC dual staining method. By using RT-qPCR for detection, lead treatment increased expression of pro-apoptotic genes, caspase-3, and caspase-9, and reduced expression of anti-apoptotic genes, Bcl-2, and BI-1. Reduced antioxidant capacity was shown by increased ROS and MDA levels in CEF cells after lead treatment. The results showed that NAC inhibited the expression of caspase-3 and caspase-9 in lead-treated CEF cells, while NAC had a certain inhibitory effect on the relative expression of Bcl-2 and BI-1 mRNA in lead-induced CEF cells. NAC significantly reduced lead-induced oxidative damage and apoptosis. Overall, our results demonstrate a novel protective effect of NAC against lead-induced injury in chicken cells, providing a theoretical basis for future investigations of drugs that are effective in preventing lead poisoning in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lele Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, People's Republic of China
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yijie Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, People's Republic of China
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuyang Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, People's Republic of China
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojing Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, People's Republic of China
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuyuan He
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Aijun Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, People's Republic of China
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoqing Zhuang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, People's Republic of China
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, People's Republic of China
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Nong Q, Chen B, Huang Y, Li Y, Wang Y, Liu L, He B, Luan T, Hu L, Jiang G. Identification of lead-binding proteins as carriers and potential molecular targets associated with systolic blood pressure. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 341:140138. [PMID: 37696478 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) exposure is well recognized as a significant environmental factor associated with the high incidence of cardiovascular diseases. However, the carriers and molecular targets of Pb in human blood remain to be understood, especially for a real Pb exposure scenario. In this study, a total of 350 blood samples were collected from the smelting workers and systematically analyzed using metallomics and metalloproteomics approaches. The results showed that the majority of Pb (∼99.4%) could be presented in the blood cells. Pb in the cytoplasm of blood cells accounted for approximately 83.1% of the total blood Pb, with nearly half of Pb being bound to proteins. Pb-binding proteins in the blood of workers were identified as hemoglobin, catalase, haptoglobin, δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase, and peroxiredoxin-2. Multiple linear regression analysis demonstrated that higher levels of Pb bound to proteins (Mix-bound Pb and Protein-bound Pb) were positively associated with higher systolic blood pressure (p < 0.05). However, the association between blood lead level, Pb levels in the blood cells and systolic blood pressure was not observed (p > 0.05). This study suggested that Pb bound to proteins could be a suitable biomarker for indicating the potential risk of occupational hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiying Nong
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; State Key Lab of Bioresource and Biocontrol, School of Life Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China; Guangdong Province Hospital for Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment, Guangzhou, 510300, China
| | - Baowei Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519082, China
| | - Yongshun Huang
- Guangdong Province Hospital for Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment, Guangzhou, 510300, China
| | - Yiling Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Lihong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Bin He
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Tiangang Luan
- State Key Lab of Bioresource and Biocontrol, School of Life Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China; Institute of Environmental and Ecological Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Ligang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; Institute of Environment and Health, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310000, China.
| | - Guibin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
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Sahito ZA, Zehra A, Yu S, Chen S, He Z, Yang X. Chinese sapindaceous tree species (Sapindus mukorosii) exhibits lead tolerance and long-term phytoremediation potential for moderately contaminated soils. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 338:139376. [PMID: 37437621 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal pollution in metropolitan soils poses significant risks to human health and the entire ecosystem. Effective mitigation strategies and technologies are crucial for addressing these environmental issues. Fast-growing trees are an essential part of phytoremediation projects all over the world and provide long-term ecological benefits to mankind. This study assessed the lead tolerance and phytoremediation potential of a fast-growing soapberry tree species (Sapindus mukorossi) in moderately contaminated soil. Two independent experiments were conducted to assess its tolerance at (i) germination level and (ii) prolonged growth stage. In the germination experiments, seeds were exposed to lead (II) nitrate Pb (NO₃)₂ at various concentrations (0, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, 200, 300, 400 and 500 μM) for 120 days. Results showed significant differences in germination time, germination index, seedling vigor index, energy of germination, final germination, germination inhibition, seedling height and root/shoot weight compared to the control experiments. In the prolonged growth experiments, seedlings were grown for six months in soils amended/spiked with different Pb concentrations (T0 = 0, T1 = 20, T2 = 50, T3 = 100, T4 = 150 and T5 = 200 mg kg-1 soil) and their biomass was determined. The highest biomass achieved in six months (T0: 12.62 g plant-1), followed by (T1: 12.33 g plant-1), (T2: 12.42 g plant-1), (T3: 11.86 g plant-1), (T4: 10.86 g plant-1) and (T5: 10.06 g plant-1) respectively. S. mukorossi showed no visible signs of Pb toxicity over a six-month period. During six months of exposure, the total Pb content in S. mucrossi tissues were classified as roots > leaves > stems. The highest cumulative absorption of Pb occurred between the fourth and fifth months of exposure. Maximum transfer factor (TF) was detected during the fourth month ranging from 0.888 to 1.012 for the different Pb concentrations. Furthermore, the growth behavior, lead accumulation, bioconcentration factors (BCF) and tolerance index (TI) indicated that S. mucrossi may tolerate moderate Pb concentrations for longer periods. These findings suggest that S. mukorossi may be deployed for long-term phytoremediation coupled with urban forest applications in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zulfiqar Ali Sahito
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resources Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Afsheen Zehra
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resources Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Song Yu
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resources Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaoning Chen
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech, University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Zhenli He
- University of Florida, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Indian River Research and Education Center, Fort Pierce, Florida, 34945, United States
| | - Xiaoe Yang
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resources Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China.
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Chen S, Qiu G. Overexpression of Zostera japonica J protein gene ZjDjB1 in Arabidopsis enhanced the tolerance to lead stress. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:5117-5124. [PMID: 37106211 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08470-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Among the heavy metal pollution in soil, lead pollution is particularly prominent. The lead in contaminated soil will not only cause damage to plants, animals and microorganisms, but also seriously affect the progress of the entire ecosystem. Under lead stress, the abundance of DnaJ protein in plants will increase. However, little is known about the role of DnaJ in lead stress. METHODS AND RESULTS We used transgenic Arabidopsis that overexpressed DnaJ gene ZjDjB1 of Zostera japonica as material to study the role of DnaJ in the mechanism of lead induced stress response. Under lead stress, the seedlings and adult plants of transgenic ZjDjB1 Arabidopsis have higher tolerance to lead stress than wild type. Under lead stress, the content of NO and O2·- free radicals in transgenic ZjDjB1 Arabidopsis was lower than that of wild type. The negative effect of catalase in transgenic ZjDjB1 Arabidopsis under lead stress was weaker than that of wild type. The expression of ABC transporter of mitochondrion 3 (ATM3; systematic name: ABCB25) in transgenic ZjDjB1 Arabidopsis under lead stress was higher than that in wild type. CONCLUSIONS These results confirmed that ZjDjB1, the DnaJ gene of Z. japonica, was involved in the reaction mechanism to lead pollution, which might improve the tolerance of plants to lead stress by maintaining catalase activity and increasing the expression level of ATM3 under lead stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siting Chen
- Guangxi Key Lab of Mangrove Conservation and Utilization, Guangxi Academy of Marine Sciences (Guangxi Mangrove Research Center), Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Beihai, 536007, Guangxi, China.
| | - Guanglong Qiu
- Guangxi Key Lab of Mangrove Conservation and Utilization, Guangxi Academy of Marine Sciences (Guangxi Mangrove Research Center), Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Beihai, 536007, Guangxi, China.
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Yang M, Zhang W, Lv Z, Shi L, Zhang K, Ge B. Induced Defense Response in Soybean to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum Using Wuyiencin from Streptomyces albulus CK-15. PLANT DISEASE 2023; 107:107-115. [PMID: 35771107 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-03-22-0582-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib) de Bary, a destructive fungal pathogen with an extensive host range, causes major economic losses to crop production activities globally. Streptomyces spp. produce secondary metabolites with diverse structures and biological activities with potential applications in the control of crop disease. This study explored the potential application of wuyiencin, a secondary metabolite of Streptomyces albulus CK-15, to induce defense responses in soybean against S. sclerotiorum. Lesion size was reduced by nearly 60% in wuyiencin-treated soybean plants compared with plants infected with S. sclerotiorum only in greenhouse experiments. Wuyiencin induced callose deposition at 6 h postinoculation and increased reactive-oxygen-scavenging enzyme activities, including superoxide dismutase, catalase, and peroxidase. Moreover, wuyiencin inoculated before S. sclerotiorum infection significantly increased polyphenol oxidase, phenylalanine ammonia lyase, chitinase, and β-1,3-glucanase activity, suggesting their involvement in soybean defense responses to S. sclerotiorum. Further, qRT-PCR results showed expression levels of the hormone signaling markers CO11, MYC2, PR4, PR1, NPR1, and ERF1 were upregulated in infected leaves treated with wuyiencin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaoling Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaoyang Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Liming Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Kecheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Beibei Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
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Kaya C, Ugurlar F, Farooq S, Ashraf M, Alyemeni MN, Ahmad P. Combined application of asparagine and thiourea improves tolerance to lead stress in wheat by modulating AsA-GSH cycle, lead detoxification and nitrogen metabolism. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2022; 190:119-132. [PMID: 36113307 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Lead (Pb), like other heavy metals, is not essentially required for optimal plant growth; however, plants uptake it from the soil, which poses an adverse effect on growth and yield. Asparagine (Asp) and thiourea (Thi) are known to assuage the negative impacts of heavy metal pollution on plant growth; however, combined application of Asp and Thi has rarely been tested to discern if it could improve wheat yield under Pb stress. Thus, this experimentation tested the role of individual and combined applications of Asp (40 mM) and Thi (400 mg/L) in improving wheat growth under lead (Pb as PbCl2, 0.1 mM) stress. Lead stress significantly reduced plant growth, chlorophyll contents and photosystem system II (PSII) efficiency, whereas it increased Pb accumulation in the leaves and roots, leaf proline contents, phytochelatins, and oxidative stress related attributes. The sole or combined application of Asp and Thi increased the vital antioxidant biomolecules/enzymes, including reduced glutathione (GSH), ascorbic acid (AsA), ascorbate peroxsidase (APX), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione S-transferase (GST), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR), and glutathione reductase (GR). Furthermore, the sole or the combined application of Asp and Thi modulated nitrogen metabolism by stimulating the activities of nitrate and nitrite reductase, glutamate synthase (GOGAT) and glutamine synthetase (GS). Asp and Thi together led to improve plant growth and vital physiological processes, but lowered down Pb accumulation compared to those by their sole application. The results suggest that Asp and Thi synergistically can improve wheat growth under Pb-toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cengiz Kaya
- Soil Science and Plant Nutrition Department, Harran University, Sanliurfa, Turkey
| | - Ferhat Ugurlar
- Soil Science and Plant Nutrition Department, Harran University, Sanliurfa, Turkey
| | - Shahid Farooq
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Harran University, Sanlıurfa, 63250, Turkey
| | - Muhammed Ashraf
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | - Parvaiz Ahmad
- Botany and Microbiology Department, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia; Department of Botany, GDC Pulwama, 192301, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
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De Novo Transcriptome Assembly, Gene Annotations, and Characterization of Functional Profiling Reveal Key Genes for Lead Alleviation in the Pb Hyperaccumulator Greek Mustard ( Hirschfeldia incana L.). Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 44:4658-4675. [PMID: 36286033 PMCID: PMC9600276 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44100318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lead (Pb) contamination is a widespread environmental problem due to its toxicity to living organisms. Hirschfeldia incana L., a member of the Brassicaceae family, commonly found in the Mediterranean regions, is characterized by its ability to tolerate and accumulate Pb in soils and hydroponic cultures. This plant has been reported as an excellent model to assess the response of plants to Pb. However, the lack of genomic data for H. incana hinders research at the molecular level. In the present study, we carried out RNA deep transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) of H. incana under two conditions, control without Pb(NO3)2 and treatment with 100 µM of Pb(NO3)2 for 15 days. A total of 797.83 million reads were generated using Illumina sequencing technology. We assembled 77,491 transcript sequences with an average length of 959 bp and N50 of 1330 bp. Sequence similarity analyses and annotation of these transcripts were performed against the Arabidopsis thaliana nr protein database, Gene Ontology (GO), and KEGG databases. As a result, 13,046 GO terms and 138 KEGG maps were created. Under Pb stress, 577 and 270 genes were differentially expressed in roots and aboveground parts, respectively. Detailed elucidation of regulation of metal transporters, transcription factors (TFs), and plant hormone genes described the role of actors that allow the plant to fine-tune Pb stress responses. Our study revealed that several genes related to jasmonic acid biosynthesis and alpha-linoleic acid were upregulated, suggesting these components’ implication in Hirschfeldia incana L responses to Pb stress. This study provides data for further genomic analyses of the biological and molecular mechanisms leading to Pb tolerance and accumulation in Hirschfeldia incana L.
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Jin J, Song Z, Zhao B, Zhang Y, Wang R. Physiological and metabolomics responses of Hydrangea macrophylla (Thunb.) Ser. and Hydrangea strigosa Rehd. to lead exposure. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 243:113960. [PMID: 35985200 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Hydrangea is a potential remediation plant for lead (Pb) pollution. Plant roots communicate with soil through the release of root exudates. It is crucial to study rhizoremediation mechanisms to understand the response of root exudates to contamination stress. Here, we investigated the physiological responses and metabolomic profiling of two Hydrangea species, a horticultural cultivar (Hydrangea macrophylla (Thunb.) Ser.) and a wild type (Hydrangea strigosa Rehd.), under Pb-free and Pb-stressed conditions for 50 days. The results showed that Pb treatment adversely affected the biomass and root growth of the two species. H. strigosa was a Pb-tolerant species with higher superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) activities and more ascorbic acid (AsA) content in roots. Metabolomic profiling showed that 181 and 169 compounds were identified in H. macrophylla and H. strigosa root exudates, respectively, among which 18 showed significant differences between H. macrophylla and H. strigosa under Pb exposure. H. strigosa showed significantly (P < 0.05) higher secretion of sucrose, glycolic acid, and nonanoic acid than H. macrophylla after Pb treatment. Pb stress promoted fatty acid metabolism in H. strigosa, suppressed amino acid metabolism in H. macrophylla, and promoted a higher carbohydrate metabolism in H. strigosa compared with H. macrophylla. This study provides a possible mechanism for the high Pb absorption potential of Hydrangea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Jin
- The College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Ziyi Song
- The College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Bing Zhao
- The College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Yuyu Zhang
- The College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Ruirui Wang
- The College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
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11
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Lv Z, Lu Y, Li B, Shi L, Zhang K, Ge B. Effects of ε-Poly-L-Lysine Combined with Wuyiencin as a Bio-Fungicide against Botryris cinerea. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10050971. [PMID: 35630418 PMCID: PMC9146948 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10050971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
This study mainly evaluated the broad-spectrum fungicidal activity of ε-poly L lysine (ε-PL) against 12 pathogenic fungi. We further demonstrated synergistic antifungal activity of ε-PL combined with wuyiencin against Botryris cinerea. The combined bio-fungicide achieved an inhibition rate of 100% for mycelial growth using ε-PL at 500 μg/mL + wuyiencin at 50 μg/mL and for spore germination using ε-PL at 200 μg/mL + wuyiencin at 80 μg/mL in vitro. This synergistic spore and mycelia-damaging effect of the combination was confirmed using scanning electron microscopy. In vivo assays with combined bio-fungicide (1500 μg/mL ε-PL + 60 μg/mL wuyiencin) on detached leaves showed depressed growth and development of the spores of B. cinerea. The synergistic effect was further tested in combinations of ε-PL with wuyiencin by measuring the fractional inhibition concentration index (FICI) value below 0.5. Moreover, ε-PL and wuyiencin inoculation before B. cinerea infection significantly increased the superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, catalase, and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activities, which suggested their involvement in tomato defense responses to disease to minimize damage to B. cinerea. These findings revealed that a combined bio-fungicide comprising ε-PL and wuyiencin had a good prospect for controlling plant fungal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyang Lv
- Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yuanmingyuan West Road, No. 2, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China; (Z.L.); (Y.L.); (B.L.); (L.S.); (K.Z.)
| | - Yanxuan Lu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yuanmingyuan West Road, No. 2, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China; (Z.L.); (Y.L.); (B.L.); (L.S.); (K.Z.)
- College of Forestry, Hebei Agricultural University, Lingyusi Street, No. 289, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Boya Li
- Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yuanmingyuan West Road, No. 2, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China; (Z.L.); (Y.L.); (B.L.); (L.S.); (K.Z.)
- College of Forestry, Hebei Agricultural University, Lingyusi Street, No. 289, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Liming Shi
- Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yuanmingyuan West Road, No. 2, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China; (Z.L.); (Y.L.); (B.L.); (L.S.); (K.Z.)
| | - Kecheng Zhang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yuanmingyuan West Road, No. 2, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China; (Z.L.); (Y.L.); (B.L.); (L.S.); (K.Z.)
| | - Beibei Ge
- Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yuanmingyuan West Road, No. 2, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China; (Z.L.); (Y.L.); (B.L.); (L.S.); (K.Z.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-10-62812640; Fax: +86-10-62815942
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12
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Yuan L, Guo P, Guo S, Wang J, Huang Y. Influence of C14 alkane stress on antioxidant defense capacity, mineral nutrient element accumulation, and cadmium uptake of ryegrass. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:13857-13868. [PMID: 34595720 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16806-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In order to explore the influence of C14 alkane on physiological stress responses, mineral nutrient elements uptake, cadmium (Cd) transfer, and uptake characteristics of Lolium perenne L. (ryegrass), a series of pot trials were conducted which included a moderate level of Cd (2.182 mg·kg-1) without (control) and with five levels of C14 alkane (V/m, 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.5%, 1%, 2%). Biomass and Cd content in the root and shoot, chlorophyll content, antioxidant enzymes activity, and mineral nutrient elements in the shoot of ryegrass were determined at the end of the experiment. The results indicated that Cd uptake significantly elevated at 0.1% C14 alkane treatment, then gradually decreased with the increase of C14 alkane concentration. Compared with the control, chlorophyll content was significantly suppressed and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration obviously increased. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and catalase (CAT) activity significantly increased to prevent the C14 alkane stress. With the increase of C14 alkane, the Mn concentration gradually increased; Mg and Fe significantly decreased. Correlation analysis showed that Mn was positively correlated with SOD (with the exception of 2% treatment) and CAT (p < 0.01), and negatively correlated with Cd uptake (p < 0.01). It implied that the increase of Mn induced by C14 alkane stress was an important reason for the decrease of Cd uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizhu Yuan
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Ecology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250103, China
- Institute of Applied Ecology, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Contaminated Soil Remediation By Bio-Physicochemical Synergistic Process, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | | | - Shuhai Guo
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Ecology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250103, China.
- Institute of Applied Ecology, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Contaminated Soil Remediation By Bio-Physicochemical Synergistic Process, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China.
| | - Jianing Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Ecology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250103, China
| | - Yujie Huang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Ecology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250103, China
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13
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Hussain F, Hadi F, Rongliang Q. Effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles on antioxidants, chlorophyll contents, and proline in Persicaria hydropiper L. and its potential for Pb phytoremediation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:34697-34713. [PMID: 33655481 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13132-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Applications of nanoparticles and plants for efficient restoration of heavy metal-polluted water and soil are an emerging approach and need to be explored. Hydroponic study was performed to find the role of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) in plant growth, antioxidative response, and lead (Pb) accumulation in Persicaria hydropiper. Seedlings were grown in Pb-polluted media amended with 5, 10, 15, and 20 mg L-1 ZnO NPs. Inductively coupled plasma spectroscopy (ICP) was used for Pb analysis in plant tissues. Pb significantly inhibited seedling growth, and ZnO NPs alleviated Pb-induced stress by promoting plant growth, and improved chlorophyll and carotenoid contents. Oxidative stress ameliorated in ZnO NPs exposed seedlings through enhanced production of free proline, phenolics, flavonoids, and activation of antioxidative enzymes. Pb accumulation boosted in ZnO NP treatments, and highly significant increase in Pb accumulation in roots (255.60±4.80 mg kg-1), stem (124.07±2.84 mg kg-1), and leaves (92.00±3.22 mg kg-1) was observed in T3 (15 mg L-1 ZnO NPs) for P. hydropiper. Contrarily, ZnO NPs at 20 mg L-1 dose suppressed plant growth, Pb accumulation, secondary metabolites, and antioxidative enzyme activities. Moreover, positive correlation was found in Pb accumulation with free proline and secondary metabolite contents in plant tissues. These results suggest that ZnO NPs at optimum concentration may augment efficacy of plants to remove heavy metal from polluted water through nanophytoremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fazal Hussain
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Malakand, KP, Chakdara, 18800, Pakistan
| | - Fazal Hadi
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Malakand, KP, Chakdara, 18800, Pakistan.
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China.
| | - Qiu Rongliang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
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14
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Cyriaque V, Madsen JS, Fievez L, Leroy B, Hansen LH, Bureau F, Sørensen SJ, Wattiez R. Lead Drives Complex Dynamics of a Conjugative Plasmid in a Bacterial Community. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:655903. [PMID: 34122370 PMCID: PMC8195591 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.655903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Plasmids carrying metal resistance genes (MRGs) have been suggested to be key ecological players in the adaptation of metal-impacted microbial communities, making them promising drivers of bio-remediation processes. However, the impact of metals on plasmid-mediated spread of MRGs through selection, plasmid loss, and transfer is far from being fully understood. In the present study, we used two-member bacterial communities to test the impact of lead on the dispersal of the IncP plasmid pKJK5 from a Pseudomonas putida KT2440 plasmid donor and two distinct recipients, Variovorax paradoxus B4 or Delftia acidovorans SPH-1 after 4 and 10 days of mating. Two versions of the plasmid were used, carrying or not carrying the lead resistance pbrTRABCD operon, to assess the importance of fitness benefit and conjugative potential for the dispersal of the plasmid. The spread dynamics of metal resistance conveyed by the conjugative plasmid were dependent on the recipient and the lead concentration: For V. paradoxus, the pbr operon did not facilitate neither lead resistance nor variation in plasmid spread. The growth gain brought by the pbr operon to D. acidovorans SPH-1 and P. putida KT2440 at 1 mM Pb enhanced the spread of the plasmid. At 1.5 mM Pb after 4 days, the proteomics results revealed an oxidative stress response and an increased abundance of pKJK5-encoded conjugation and partitioning proteins, which most likely increased the transfer of the control plasmid to D. acidovorans SPH-1 and ensured plasmid maintenance. As a consequence, we observed an increased spread of pKJK5-gfp. Conversely, the pbr operon reduced the oxidative stress response and impeded the rise of conjugation- and partitioning-associated proteins, which slowed down the spread of the pbr carrying plasmid. Ultimately, when a fitness gain was recorded in the recipient strain, the spread of MRG-carrying plasmids was facilitated through positive selection at an intermediate metal concentration, while a high lead concentration induced oxidative stress with positive impacts on proteins encoding plasmid conjugation and partitioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentine Cyriaque
- Laboratory of Proteomics and Microbiology, Research Institute for Biosciences, University of Mons, Mons, Belgium.,Section of Microbiology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jonas Stenløkke Madsen
- Section of Microbiology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Laurence Fievez
- Cellular and Molecular Immunology Service, GIGA Research, University of Liège (ULG), Liège, Belgium
| | - Baptiste Leroy
- Laboratory of Proteomics and Microbiology, Research Institute for Biosciences, University of Mons, Mons, Belgium
| | - Lars H Hansen
- Section for Microbial Ecology and Biotechnology, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Fabrice Bureau
- Cellular and Molecular Immunology Service, GIGA Research, University of Liège (ULG), Liège, Belgium
| | - Søren J Sørensen
- Section of Microbiology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ruddy Wattiez
- Laboratory of Proteomics and Microbiology, Research Institute for Biosciences, University of Mons, Mons, Belgium
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15
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Yang M, Wei Q, Shi L, Wei Z, Lv Z, Asim N, Zhang K, Ge B. Wuyiencin produced by Streptomyces albulus CK-15 displays biocontrol activities against cucumber powdery mildew. J Appl Microbiol 2021; 131:2957-2970. [PMID: 34060684 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Wuyiencin is a nucleoside antibiotic produced by Streptomyces albulus CK-15. The aim of this study was to determine whether wuyiencin can be used, as a suitable alternative to chemical pesticides, to protect cucumbers (Cucumis sativus L.) from powdery mildew caused by Sphaerotheca fuliginea. Further, the mechanisms underlying the control of cucumber powdery mildew by S. albulus CK-15 were preliminarily elucidated. METHODS AND RESULTS Wuyiencin solutions of different concentrations were used to treat infected cucumber plants under greenhouse conditions. The results indicated that wuyiencin could significantly reduce powdery mildew disease incidence, with a maximum prevention efficacy of 94·38%. Further, scanning electron micrographs and enzyme assays showed that wuyiencin inhibited S. fuliginea spore growth and elicited the activity of plant systemic resistance-related enzymes. Additionally, real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR suggested that wuyiencin can activate a salicylic acid-dependent plant defence response. CONCLUSIONS Wuyiencin produced by S. albulus CK-15 possessed antifungal effects and was able to mitigate cucumber powdery mildew disease via antagonistic action. Wuyiencin also induced defence responses in the plants. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY These results reinforce the biotechnological potential of wuyiencin as both an antagonistic agent and an inducer of plant systemic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Q Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - L Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Z Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Z Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - N Asim
- Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, The University of Agriculture Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - K Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - B Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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16
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Zhang X, Hu W, Xie X, Wu Y, Liang F, Tang M. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi promote lead immobilization by increasing the polysaccharide content within pectin and inducing cell wall peroxidase activity. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 267:128924. [PMID: 33223210 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The mechanism by which arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi immobilize lead (Pb) within the cell wall is unclear. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the mechanism by which AM fungi immobilize Pb within the cell wall by measuring the Pb content in the cell wall, the polysaccharide and the uronic acid contents of different cell wall fractions, and the activity of cell wall peroxidase. Mycorrhizal-associated Medicago truncatula had higher shoot and root biomass than nonmycorrhizal-associated M. truncatula. AM inoculation increased the content of Pb in the cell wall under Pb stress. The polysaccharide content in the pectin and hemicellulose fractions were increased by AM inoculation with or without Pb stress. In AM-associated roots, the cell wall peroxidase activity increased in response to Pb stress. However, Pb stress did not affect the cell wall peroxidase activity in non-AM-associated roots. Correlation analysis suggested that MtPrx05 and MtPrx10 may participate in polysaccharide cross-linking and cell wall stiffening. The Pb stress resistance mechanism of AM-associated roots may involve cell wall stiffening. Taken together, the results show that AM inoculation may improve host plant growth and increase Pb immobilization in the cell wall by increasing the polysaccharide content within pectin and hemicellulose and by inducing cell wall peroxidase activity. Both the polysaccharide composition and cell wall peroxidase have important contributions to the resistance of mycorrhizal-associated plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, PR China
| | - Wentao Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China
| | - Xianan Xie
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China
| | - Yongbin Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China
| | - Feiyan Liang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China
| | - Ming Tang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China.
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17
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Hao A, Kobayashi S, Huang H, Mi Q, Iseri Y. Effects of substrate and water depth of a eutrophic pond on the physiological status of a submerged plant, Vallisneria natans. PeerJ 2020; 8:e10273. [PMID: 33240623 PMCID: PMC7659635 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Effects of substrate and water depth on the physiological status of a submerged macrophyte, Vallisneria natans (Lour.) H. Hara, were determined by measuring biomarkers in leaves and roots, to understand factors limiting the re-establishment of V. natans in urban eutrophic ponds. Ramets of V. natans were grown in the laboratory using aquaria containing water and bottom mud from a eutrophic pond and maintained under sufficient light in an incubator. The growth and chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) content of leaves were greater in aquaria with mud than in those with sand, which was used as the reference substrate. The contents of a peroxidation product (malondialdehyde (MDA)) and three antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and peroxidase (POD)) in leaves and roots, used as stress biomarkers, changed during the experiment, although differences in these contents between mud and sand were not consistent across the experimental days. To control water depth in the field, ramets of V. natans were grown in cages with different substrates (mud and sand) installed at different depths (0.5, 1.2, and 2.0 m) in the pond. The mean light quantum during the experiment decreased with increasing depth, from 79.3 μmol/m2 s at 0.5 m to 7.9 μmol/m2 s at 2.0 m. The Chl-a content in leaves decreased, whereas the MDA content in both leaves and roots increased with increasing water depth. All enzyme activities increased at the beginning and then decreased to the end of the experiment at 2.0 m depth, suggesting deterioration of enzyme activities due to depth-related stress. The MDA content and CAT activity were higher for sand than for mud, whereas the difference in the growth and the leaf Chl-a content between substrates remained unclear in the pond. On comparing the laboratory and field experiments, the leaf Chl-a content was found to be lower and the MDA content and enzyme activities exhibited sharp increase for ramets grown in the pond, even at 0.5 m depth, when compared with those grown in the aquaria. Our results suggest that the bottom mud of the pond is not the major limiting factor in the re-establishment of V. natans. Because water depth and light attenuation exerted strong stress on V. natans, shallow areas or measures to improve water transparency are required to promote the introduction of V. natans in eutrophic ponds for successful restoration in urban areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimin Hao
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Sohei Kobayashi
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huilin Huang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qi Mi
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yasushi Iseri
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
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18
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Singh R, Kesavan AK, Landi M, Kaur S, Thakur S, Zheng B, Bhardwaj R, Sharma A. 5-aminolevulinic acid regulates Krebs cycle, antioxidative system and gene expression in Brassica juncea L. to confer tolerance against lead toxicity. J Biotechnol 2020; 323:283-292. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2020.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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19
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Fan P, Yin J, Zhong G, Wu Z. Ascorbic acid alleviation of manganese-induced toxicity in Vallisneria natans (Lour.) Hara. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:32695-32706. [PMID: 32514924 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09479-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the growth and physiological responses of the submerged aquatic plant species Vallisneria natans (Lour.) Hara to 80 mg L-1 manganese (Mn) with different doses of ascorbic acid (AsA 0, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, 200 mg L-1) after 21 days of treatment. Mn stress significantly reduced the final leaf number and superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activities of V. natans, while increased the malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and proline contents, and peroxidase (POD) activity, with no significant differences in plant relative growth rate (RGR) and photosynthetic pigment contents. With increasing doses of AsA supplementation (≤ 50 mg L-1), the MDA content gradually decreased, while the proline, soluble protein, and photosynthetic pigment contents, antioxidase (except POD) activities, and RGR of V. natans increased. AsA levels ≥ 100 mg L-1 exacerbated Mn toxicity in V. natans by significantly reducing the antioxidase activities and photosynthetic pigment contents and even triggering plant lethal effects. These results suggest that the Mn stress induced in this investigation could bring about oxidative stress and influence the growth of V. natans. Moreover, the optimal AsA dose that can alleviate Mn-induced oxidative stress was 41.37-50.25 mg L-1 according to the regression analysis based on plant growth and enzymatic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Fan
- Water Pollution Ecology Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Yin
- Water Pollution Ecology Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Water Engineering Design & Research Institute Co., Ltd, Shanghai, 200061, People's Republic of China
| | - Guidi Zhong
- Water Pollution Ecology Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhonghua Wu
- Water Pollution Ecology Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, People's Republic of China.
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20
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Huang S, Song Q, Li Q, Zhang H, Luo X, Zheng Z. Damage of heavy metals to Vallisneria natans (V. natans) and characterization of microbial community in biofilm. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2020; 225:105515. [PMID: 32516672 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2020.105515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metals can cause a significant damage to submerged macrophytes and affect its periphyton biofilms in aquatic environments. This study investigated the effects of heavy metals such as copper (Cu), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd) and their mixture on physiological and biochemical responses and ultrastructure characteristics of Vallisneria natans (V. natans). Furthermore, differences in structures of microbial communities were observed in biofilms. The results showed that Cu2+, Pb2+, Cd2+ and their mixture could destroy cell structure and photosynthetic system, and directly caused oxidative damage to submerged macrophyte and induced antioxidant enzyme system. In general, biomass and total chlorophyll content of V. natans noticeably decreased, while the activities of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase and catalase were enhanced by heavy metal stress inducement in restricted range, and the malondialdehyde content increased with the aggravation of the damage. The single heavy metal stress played a negative impact, however, the combined stress was not always synergistic effects on plants. High-throughput sequencing analysis suggested that heavy metals changed the abundance and structure of the microbial biofilm community. Proteobacteria and Bacteroidete were the dominant bacteria under heavy metal stress and other species and abundance of bacteria such as Firmicute, Cyanobacteria, Chloroflexi, Actinobacteria, Verrucomicrobia, Acidobacteria, Deinococcus-Thermus, Chlamydiae were also present. These findings provided useful information for further understanding about submerged macrophytes and periphyton biofilms responsed to heavy metal stress in aquatic environments in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzhen Huang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, PR China
| | - Qixuan Song
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, PR China
| | - Qi Li
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, PR China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, PR China
| | - Xingzhang Luo
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, PR China
| | - Zheng Zheng
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, PR China.
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Hu B, Xue J, Zhou Y, Shao S, Fu Z, Li Y, Chen S, Qi L, Shi Z. Modelling bioaccumulation of heavy metals in soil-crop ecosystems and identifying its controlling factors using machine learning. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 262:114308. [PMID: 32155557 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The prediction and identification of the factors controlling heavy metal transfer in soil-crop ecosystems are of critical importance. In this study, random forest (RF), gradient boosted machine (GBM), and generalised linear (GLM) models were compared after being used to model and identify prior factors that affect the transfer of heavy metals (HMs) in soil-crop systems in the Yangtze River Delta, China, based on 13 covariates with 1822 pairs of soil-crop samples. The mean bioaccumulation factors (BAFs) for all crops followed the order Cd > Zn > As > Cu > Ni > Hg > Cr > Pb. The RF model showed the best prediction ability for the BAFs of HMs in soil-crop ecosystems, followed by GBM and GLM. The R2 values of the RF models for the BAFs of Zn, Cu, Cr, Ni, Hg, Cd, As, and Pb were 0.84, 0.66, 0.59, 0.58, 0.58, 0.51, 0.30, and 0.17, respectively. The primary controlling factor in soil-to-crop transfer of all HMs under study was plant type, followed by soil heavy metal content and soil organic materials. The model used herein could be used to assist the prediction of heavy metal contents in crops based on heavy metal contents in soil and other covariates, and can significantly reduce the cost, labour, and time requirements involved with laboratory analysis. It can also be used to quantify the importance of variables and identify potential control factors in heavy metal bioaccumulation in soil-crop ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bifeng Hu
- Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Unité de Recherche en Science du Sol, INRAE, Orléans, 45075, France; Sciences de la Terre et de l'Univers, Orléans University, 45067 Orléans, France.
| | - Jie Xue
- Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Institute of Land Science and Property, School of Public Affairs, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Shuai Shao
- Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Zhiyi Fu
- School of Earth Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yan Li
- Institute of Land Science and Property, School of Public Affairs, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | | | - Lin Qi
- Ningbo Planting Management Station, Ningbo Zhejiang, 315012, China
| | - Zhou Shi
- Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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Jiang D, Tan MT, Wang Q, Wang GR, Yan SC. Evaluating the ecotoxicological effects of Pb contamination on the resistance against Lymantria dispar in forest plant, Larix olgensis. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2020; 76:2490-2499. [PMID: 32061041 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heavy metal contamination in forest ecosystems has become increasingly severe, and there is an urgent need to better understand the ecotoxicological effects of heavy metals on the whole forest ecosystems, especially their effects on insect resistance of forest plant. In the present study, the resistance against gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar) larvae in Larix olgensis seedlings grown in non-amended or Pb-amended (at 500 and 1500 mg kg-1 ) soil was evaluated. RESULTS Pb from the treated soil could be transferred and exerted bio-toxicological effects along the food chain consisting of L. olgensis seedlings and gypsy moth larvae, eventually causing significantly reduction in seedlings growth, as well as larval weight, survival rate and antioxidant capacity. With regard to phytochemical defense, the activities or contents of protease inhibitors (trypsin and chymotrypsin inhibitors) and secondary metabolites (condensed tannin and total phenolics) in Pb-treated larch needles presented a tendency of 'low-promotion, high-inhibition' with the increase of Pb exposure concentration. At the same time, Pearson's correlation coefficients showed that the trade-off hypothesis on energy allocation between phytochemical defense and plant growth was not supported by the data from the L. olgensis seedlings that were exposed to Pb stress, and elemental defense might replace the dominant role of phytochemical defense in L. olgensis seedlings under Pb stress against the gypsy moth larvae. CONCLUSION These findings emphasize ecotoxicological effects of heavy metal contaminations along the food chains (forest plants and forest defoliators), and provide a new perspective for optimizing forest pest control strategies in the heavy metal polluted regions. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dun Jiang
- Department of Forest Protection, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Ming-Tao Tan
- Department of Forest Protection, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Forest Protection, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, P. R. China
- Forest Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Gui-Rong Wang
- Department of Forest Protection, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Shan-Chun Yan
- Department of Forest Protection, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, P. R. China
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Characterisation of antagonistic Bacillus paralicheniformis (strain EAL) by LC-MS, antimicrobial peptide genes, and ISR determinants. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 2020; 113:1167-1177. [PMID: 32410087 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-020-01423-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Plants have their own defense mechanisms such as induced systemic resistance (ISR) and systemic-acquired resistance. Bacillus spp. are familiar biocontrol agents that trigger ISR against various phytopathogens by eliciting various metabolites and producing defense enzyme in the host plant. In this study, B. paralicheniformis (strain EAL) was isolated from the medicinal plant Enicostema axillare. Butanol extract of B. paralicheniformis showed potential antagonism against Fusarium oxysporum compared to control well (sterile distilled water) A liquid chromatography mass spectrometry analysis showed 80 different compounds. Among the 80 compounds, we selected citrulline, carnitine, and indole-3-ethanol based on mass-to-charge ratio, database difference, and resolution of mass spectrum. The synthetic form of the above compounds showed biocontrol activity against F. oxysporum under in vitro condition in combination, not as individual compounds. However, the PCR amplification of 11 antimicrobial peptide genes showed that none of the genes amplified in the strain. B. paralicheniformis inoculation challenged with F. oxysporum on tomato plants enhanced production of defense enzymes such as peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD), phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), and proline compared to control plants (without inoculation of B. paralicheniformis) at significant level (p < 0.005). Stem of tomato plants expressed higher POD (2.2-fold), SOD (2.2-fold), PPO (1.9-fold), and PAL (1.3-fold) contents followed by the leaf and root. Elevated proline accumulation was observed in the leaf (1.8-fold) of tomato plants. Thus, results clearly showed potentiality of B. paralicheniformis (EAL) in activation of antioxidant defense enzyme against F. oxysporum-infected tomato plants and prevention of oxidative damage though hydroxyl radicals scavenging activities that suppress the occurrence of wilt diseases.
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Zhang X, Zhang H, Zhang H, Tang M. Exogenous Melatonin Application Enhances Rhizophagus irregularis Symbiosis and Induces the Antioxidant Response of Medicago truncatula Under Lead Stress. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:516. [PMID: 32351459 PMCID: PMC7174712 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Melatonin is a new kind of plant growth regulator. The aim of this study was to figure out the effect of melatonin on arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis and heavy metal tolerance. A three-factor experiment was conducted to determine the effect of melatonin application on the growth, AM symbiosis, and stress tolerance of Medicago truncatula. A two-factor (AM inoculation and Pb stress) experiment was conducted to determine the effect of AM fungus on melatonin accumulation under Pb stress. AM plants under Pb stress had a higher melatonin accumulation than non-mycorrhizal (NM) plants under Pb stress. Acetylserotonin methyltransferase (ASMT) is the enzymatic reaction of the last step in melatonin synthesis. The accumulation of melatonin may be related to the expression of MtASMT. Melatonin application increased the relative expression of MtPT4 and AM colonization in AM plants. Melatonin application decreased Pb uptake with and without AM inoculation. Both melatonin application and AM inoculation improved M. truncatula growth and increased antioxidant response with Pb stress. These results indicated that melatonin application has positive effects on AM symbiosis and Pb stress tolerance under Pb stress. AM inoculation improve melatonin synthesis capacity under Pb stress. Melatonin application may improve AM plant growth by enhancing AM symbiosis, stimulating antioxidant response, and inhibiting Pb uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Huijuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Haoqiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Ming Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.,State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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25
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Zhang H, Zhang LL, Li J, Chen M, An RD. Comparative study on the bioaccumulation of lead, cadmium and nickel and their toxic effects on the growth and enzyme defence strategies of a heavy metal accumulator, Hydrilla verticillata (L.f.) Royle. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:9853-9865. [PMID: 31927739 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06968-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The current hydroponic experiment investigated differences in the uptake, physiological response and defence mechanisms of Hydrilla verticillata (L.f.) Royle in response to three representative toxic heavy metals. The results revealed the following: as an excellent heavy metal accumulator, H. verticillata showed an accumulation pattern of Ni > Cd > Pb within experimental scope. Fourteen days (Ni and Cd) and 21 days (Pb) were the time thresholds under the same heavy metal concentration toxicity, while 33.06 μM (Ni) and 40 μM (Cd and Pb) were the concentration thresholds under the same 21-day duration treatment, to accumulate the most amount of metals. Hence, Pb might be accumulated more if it expands the experimental duration and concentration, for it continuously increases throughout the experimental period. Reasons for these uptake differences are that plant physiological response, tolerance and resistance vary under different heavy metal stress. First, the biomass and protein content of H. verticillata were both the highest under Pb stress, indicating the plant largest tolerance to Pb stress. Second, the tolerance thresholds of three antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT and POD) were the highest under Pb stress. Third, the three antioxidant enzymes and two other related resistance-causing enzymes (PPO and PAL) revealed that plant resistance was strongest at low Cd concentrations (0-20 μM) and at high Pb stress levels (40 μM). Furthermore, CAT is the most important antioxidant enzyme to combat three metal stresses (average relevance: CAT(0.89) > POD(0.48) > SOD(0.42)), while PAL is more important than PPO (average relevance: PAL (0.77) > PPO(0.72)). In conclusion, Pb-polluted water is best treated with H. verticillata because of the latter's high uptake potential and strong defence capacity. These results provide an accurate, efficient and economical reference for phytoremediation. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhang
- Institute of Ecology and Environment, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, College of Water Resource & Hydropower, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Ling-Lei Zhang
- Institute of Ecology and Environment, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, College of Water Resource & Hydropower, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China.
| | - Jia Li
- Institute of Ecology and Environment, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, College of Water Resource & Hydropower, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China.
| | - Min Chen
- Institute of Ecology and Environment, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, College of Water Resource & Hydropower, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Rui-Dong An
- Institute of Ecology and Environment, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, College of Water Resource & Hydropower, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
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26
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Wang L, Zheng B, Yuan Y, Xu Q, Chen P. Transcriptome profiling of Fagopyrum tataricum leaves in response to lead stress. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 20:54. [PMID: 32013882 PMCID: PMC6998078 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-2265-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lead (Pb) pollution is a widespread environmental problem that is harmful to living organisms. Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum), a member of the family Polygonaceae, exhibits short growth cycles and abundant biomass production, could be an ideal plant for phytoremediation due to its high Pb tolerance. Here, we aimed to explore the molecular basis underlying the responses of this plant to Pb stress. RESULTS In our study, ultrastructural localization assays revealed that Pb ions primarily accumulate in leaf vacuoles. RNA deep sequencing (RNA-Seq) of tartary buckwheat leaves was performed on two Pb-treated samples, named Pb1 (2000 mg/kg Pb (NO3)2) and Pb2 (10,000 mg/kg Pb (NO3)2), and a control (CK). A total of 88,977 assembled unigenes with 125,203,555 bases were obtained. In total, 2400 up-regulated and 3413 down-regulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between CK and Pb1, and 2948 up-regulated DEGs and 3834 down-regulated DEGs were generated between CK and Pb2, respectively. Gene Ontology (GO) and pathway enrichment analyses showed that these DEGs were primarily associated with 'cell wall', 'binding', 'transport', and 'lipid and energy' metabolism. The results of quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analyses of 15 randomly selected candidate DEGs and 6 regulated genes were consistent with the results of the transcriptome analysis. Heterologous expression assays in the yeast strain Δycf1 indicated that overexpressing CCCH-type zinc finger protein 14 (ZFP14) enhanced sensitivity to Pb2+, while 5 other genes, namely, metal transporter protein C2 (MTPC2), phytochelatin synthetase-like family protein (PCSL), vacuolar cation/proton exchanger 1a (VCE1a), natural resistance-associated macrophage protein 3 (Nramp3), and phytochelatin synthetase (PCS), enhanced the Pb tolerance of the mutant strain. CONCLUSION Combining our findings with those of previous studies, we generated a schematic model that shows the metabolic processes of tartary buckwheat under Pb stress. This study provides important data for further genomic analyses of the biological and molecular mechanisms of Pb tolerance and accumulation in tartary buckwheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
| | - Bei Zheng
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
| | - Yong Yuan
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
| | - Quanle Xu
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
| | - Peng Chen
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
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27
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Bertini L, Focaracci F, Proietti S, Papetti P, Caruso C. Physiological response of Posidonia oceanica to heavy metal pollution along the Tyrrhenian coast. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2019; 46:933-941. [PMID: 31186089 DOI: 10.1071/fp18303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal (HM) pollution of marine coastal areas is a big concern worldwide. The marine phanerogam Posidonia oceanica (L.) Delile is widely considered to be a sensitive bioindicator of water pollution due to its ability to sequester trace elements from the environment. The analysis of specific biomarkers, like reactive oxygen species scavengers, could allow us to correlate the physiological response of P. oceanica meadows to water pollution. In this study, we analysed the activity of some antioxidant enzymes and the expression level of the corresponding genes in the leaves of P. oceanica plants harvested from four meadows distributed along the Tyrrhenian coast; lipid peroxidation and the expression level of two genes related to HM response, metallothionein-2b and chromethylase, were also measured. The results of biochemical and molecular analyses were correlated with the concentration of some HMs, such as Cr, Cd, Cu, Ni and Pb, measured in P. oceanica leaves. We found a very strong antioxidant response in plants from the Murelle meadow whose HM concentration was the lowest for most of the analysed HMs, particularly Cu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Bertini
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, University of Tuscia, Largo dell'Università, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Francesca Focaracci
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, University of Tuscia, Largo dell'Università, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Silvia Proietti
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, University of Tuscia, Largo dell'Università, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Patrizia Papetti
- Department of Business and Law, University of Cassino, Via S. Angelo-Campus, Folcara, 03043 Cassino, Italy
| | - Carla Caruso
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, University of Tuscia, Largo dell'Università, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; and Corresponding author.
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Defense manifestations of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants in Ricinus communis L. exposed to lead in hydroponics. EUROBIOTECH JOURNAL 2019. [DOI: 10.2478/ebtj-2019-0014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Lead (Pb) is a major inorganic pollutant with no biological significance and has been a global concern. Phytotoxicity of lead induces toxic effects by generating reactive oxygen species (ROS), which inhibits most of the cellular processes in plants. Hydro-ponic experiments were performed with Ricinus communis to investigate the toxicity and antioxidant responses by exposing to different concentrations of lead (0, 200 and 400 µM) for 10 days. Pb stress caused a significant increase in electrolyte leakage, non-enzymatic antioxidants (phenols and flavonoids) and a decrease in the elemental profile of the plant. Histochemical visualization clearly indicates the significant increase of H2O2 production in dose-dependent manner under Pb stress. Likewise, an increase in catalase, guaiacol peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activity was also evident. Ascorbate peroxidase and MDAR, on the other hand, responded biphasically to Pb treatments showing a decrease in concentration. The decline in redox ratio GSH/GSSG was imposed by the indirect oxidative stress of Pb. Hence these findings showed the ameliorative potential of R. communis to sustain Pb toxicity under oxidative stress.
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Chandrasekhar C, Ray JG. Lead accumulation, growth responses and biochemical changes of three plant species exposed to soil amended with different concentrations of lead nitrate. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 171:26-36. [PMID: 30594754 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.12.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) contamination of soil is a serious environmental problem, adversely affecting ecosystems, globally. Phytoremediation is an alternative to conventional methods of soil remediation. The success of phytoremediation depends on the identification of suitable native plant species with high biomass to deal with metal contamination. In the present experiment, response of Eclipta prostrata (L.) L., Scoparia dulcis L. and Phyllanthus niruri L. to increase in concentrations of PbNO3·5H2O in the soil for a period of 30 days was tested to assess their suitability in phytoremediation. Pb accumulation in all the three plants was in a concentration-dependent manner. Although S. dulcis survived the soil metal concentrations, it exhibited a stunted growth; P. niruri was found susceptible to Pb toxicity; E. prostrata recorded a maximum uptake of 12484 µg/g dry weight in its root and 7229 µg/g dry weight in its shoot, without any adverse impact on growth traits. Bioconcentration factor and translocation factor of the three plants were also calculated, which revealed that E. prostrata has Pb accumulation potential. Therefore, enzymatic antioxidant activities and transmission electron microscopic analysis were carried out to determine the physiological adaptation and tolerance of E. prostrata to Pb stress. Overall, E. prostrata is identified as a tolerant plant showing Pb hyperaccumulation tendencies with essential features for phytoextraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandana Chandrasekhar
- Laboratory of Ecology and Eco-Technology, School of Biosciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala 686560, India
| | - Joseph George Ray
- School of Biosciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala 686560, India.
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Kumar A, Prasad MNV. Plant-lead interactions: Transport, toxicity, tolerance, and detoxification mechanisms. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 166:401-418. [PMID: 30290327 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.09.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Natural and human activities introduced an excess level of toxic lead (Pb) to the environment. Pb has no known biological significance and its interactions with plants lead to the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Pb and/or ROS have the potential to cause phytotoxicity by damaging the tissue ultrastructure, cellular components, and biomolecules. These damaging effects may possibly result in the inhibition of normal cellular functioning, physiological reactions, and overall plant performances. ROS play a dual role and act as a signaling molecule in plant defense system. This system encircles enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidative mechanisms. Catalase, superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and enzymes from the ascorbate-glutathione cycle are the major enzymatic antioxidants, while non-enzymatic antioxidants include phenols, flavonoids, ascorbic acid, and glutathione. Pb removal from contaminated sites using plants depend on the plant's Pb accumulation capacity, Pb-induced phytotoxicity, and tolerance and detoxification mechanisms plants adopted to combat against this phytotoxicity. However, the consolidated information discussing Pb-plant interaction including Pb uptake and its translocation within tissues, Pb-mediated phytotoxic symptoms, antioxidative mechanisms, cellular, and protein metabolisms are rather limited. Thus, we aimed to present a consolidated information and critical discussions focusing on the recent studies related to the Pb-induced toxicity and oxidative stress situations in different plants. The important functions of different antioxidants in plants during Pb stress have been reviewed. Additionally, tolerance responses and detoxification mechanisms in the plant through the regulation of gene expression, and glutathione and protein metabolisms to compete against Pb-induced phytotoxicity are also briefly discussed herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhay Kumar
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana 500046, India.
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He WY, Yang XE, Yang JY, He ZL. Effect of lead on plant availability of phosphorus and potassium in a vegetable-soil system. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:34793-34797. [PMID: 30343373 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3389-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Two typical red soils were sequentially cultivated with celery (Apium graveolens L.) and Chinese cabbage (Brassica chinensis L.) in a greenhouse to determine the effect of lead (Pb) on plant availability of phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) in the soils. The concentrations of available P as estimated by the 0.05 mol L-1 HCl-0.025 mol L-1 (1/2 H2SO4) extraction and available K estimated by the NH4OAc extraction method in the crop-free soils were not affected by Pb treatment. Plant P concentrations in the above-ground part of celery and Chinese cabbage exposed to Pb were either lower or showed no significant difference to the control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Yan He
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Xiao-E Yang
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jin-Yan Yang
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China.
| | - Zhen-Li He
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- University of Florida-IFAS, Indian River Research and Education Center, Fort Pierce, FL, 34945-3138, USA
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Agnihotri A, Gupta P, Dwivedi A, Seth CS. Counteractive mechanism (s) of salicylic acid in response to lead toxicity in Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. cv. Varuna. PLANTA 2018; 248:49-68. [PMID: 29564629 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-018-2867-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Salicylic acid alleviates lead toxicity in Brassica juncea (L.) by promoting growth under non-stress and activating stress-defense mechanism (s) under lead stress conditions. It also boosts the ascorbate-glutathione cycle and thus helps in minimizing oxidative and DNA damage. Brassica juncea plants were exposed to different concentrations (0, 500, 1000 and 2000 mg kg-1) of lead (Pb) and subsequently sprayed with 0.5 mM of salicylic acid (SA) to check for morphological and leaf gas exchange parameters like transpiration rate (E), stomatal conductance (GH2O), net photosynthetic rate (A) and maximum quantum yield of PS II (Fv/Fm). Leaf epidermis by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), enzymatic and non-enzymatic components of ascorbate-glutathione (AsA-GSH) cycle, DNA damage by comet assay, lipid peroxidation and endogenous SA quantification by HPLC were analyzed. Lead accumulation in root, shoot and its sub-cellular distribution ratio (SDR) and localization was also determined using atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) and rhodizonate-dye staining method, respectively. Results revealed that notable amount of Pb was accumulated in root and shoot in dose-dependent manner which significantly (P ≤ 0.05) posed the toxicity on the majority of morphological parameters, structural integrity of epidermal and guard cells, photosynthetic pigments, malondialdehyde (MDA) and H2O2 content. Notable decrease in leaf gas exchange parameters, Fv/Fm, poor performance of AsA-GSH cycle and striking amount of DNA damage, was found as well. However, SA revoked Pb toxicity to a great extent by promoting growth, chlorophyll content, improving the A, Fv/Fm, boosting the overall performance of AsA-GSH cycle and by lessening the DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Praveen Gupta
- Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Anuj Dwivedi
- Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
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Sidhu GPS, Bali AS, Bhardwaj R, Singh HP, Batish DR, Kohli RK. RETRACTED: Bioaccumulation and physiological responses to lead (Pb) in Chenopodium murale L. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 151:83-90. [PMID: 29310013 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.12.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gagan Preet Singh Sidhu
- Department of Applied Sciences, University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India.
| | - Aditi Shreeya Bali
- Department of Botany, M.C.M. DAV College for Women, Chandigarh 160036, India
| | - Renu Bhardwaj
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India
| | - Harminder Pal Singh
- Department of Environment Studies, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Daizy R Batish
- Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Ravinder Kumar Kohli
- Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India; Central University of Punjab, Mansa Road, Bathinda 151001, India
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Zhang N, Zhang J, Li Z, Chen J, Zhang Z, Mu C. Resistance strategies of Phragmites australis (common reed) to Pb pollution in flood and drought conditions. PeerJ 2018; 6:e4188. [PMID: 29312820 PMCID: PMC5756451 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.4188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistance strategies of clonal organs, and parent and offspring shoots of Phragmites australis (common reed) to heavy metal pollution in soils are not well known. To clarify the tolerance or resistance strategies in reeds, we conducted a pot experiment with five levels of Pb concentration (0∼4,500 mg kg−1) in flood and drought conditions. Lead toxicity had no inhibitory effect on the number of offspring shoots in flood environment; however, biomass accumulation, and photosynthetic and clonal growth parameters were inhibited in both water environment. At each treatment of Pb concentration, offspring shoots had greater biomass and higher photosynthesis indicators than parent shoots. The lowest Pb allocation was found in rhizomes. More of the Pb transported to above-ground parts tended to accumulate in parent shoots rather than in offspring shoots. Biomass and photosynthesis of offspring shoots, rhizome length, and the number of buds, rhizomes and offspring shoots in the flooded treatment were significantly greater than those in the drought treatment. Our results indicated that the tolerance strategies used by reeds, including higher biomass accumulation and photosynthesis in offspring shoots, low allocation of Pb in rhizomes and offspring shoots, and stable clonal growth, maintained the stability of population propagation and productivity, improving the resistance of reeds to Pb pollution in flood environment. However, the resistance or tolerance was significantly reduced by the synergistic effect of Pb and drought, which significantly inhibited biomass accumulation, photosynthesis, and clonal growth of reeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Zhang
- Institute of Agricultural Resource and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory for Palygorskite Science and Applied Technology of Jiangsu Province, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, China.,Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Grassland Science, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Jinwei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Grassland Science, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhiqiang Li
- Academy of Climate Change and Public Policy, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Key Laboratory for Palygorskite Science and Applied Technology of Jiangsu Province, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, China
| | - Zhenhua Zhang
- Institute of Agricultural Resource and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Chunsheng Mu
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Grassland Science, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
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Bareen FE, Saeed S, Afrasiab H. Differential mobilization and metal uptake versus leaching in multimetal soil columns using EDTA and three metal bioaccumulators. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2017; 19:1109-1117. [PMID: 28678585 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2017.1328391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Tannery waste is a major environmental concern that needs proper management. Tannery solid waste (TSW) can be added to the soil as an organic amendment but needs metal removal. Chelant-assisted phytoremediation hastens the process of metal removal but also poses risk of leaching at the same time. This research evaluates Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA)-assisted phytoextraction and associated leaching hazard using metal-tolerant plants. Greenhouse trials were carried out with sunflower, spinach, and marigold using columns of uniform diameter packed with field soil and multimetal contamination of TSW (5% and 10%) with four EDTA doses. The amounts of metal absorbed or leached conformed to amounts in the soil amendment and the dose of EDTA. The mobilization of metals by EDTA was however metal-specific. The metals that were extracted in greater amounts by the plants were leached less compared to Cr and Cu. A significant amount of other metals was leached down and thus less amount was phytoextracted by the plants e.g. Cd and Ni. A high correlation was observed between the amount of metal absorbed by the plant and the amount in leachate except for Cr in all the plants. Antioxidant activities like SOD and catalase were also found to be high in sunflower and spinach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Firdaus-E- Bareen
- a Department of Botany , University of the Punjab , Lahore , Pakistan
| | - Sarwat Saeed
- a Department of Botany , University of the Punjab , Lahore , Pakistan
| | - Humera Afrasiab
- a Department of Botany , University of the Punjab , Lahore , Pakistan
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Sureda A, Tejada S, Capó X, Melià C, Ferriol P, Pinya S, Mateu-Vicens G. Oxidative stress response in the seagrass Posidonia oceanica and the seaweed Dasycladus vermicularis associated to the invasive tropical green seaweed Halimeda incrassata. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 601-602:918-925. [PMID: 28582737 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.05.261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Revised: 05/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The Mediterranean Sea is one of the most affected areas by the presence of invasive species. Halimeda incrassata (J Ellis) JV Lamoroux is newly arrived tropical seaweed in waters of the Mallorca Island (Balearic Islands, Western Mediterranean). The aim was to evaluate the effect of a potential competition between the invasive Halimeda incrassata, the native Posidonia oceanica and Dasycladus vermicularis, by means of antioxidant-related biomarkers in waters of Mallorca. The activities of the antioxidant enzymes-catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione reductase (GRd)-, the levels of reduced glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde as indicator of lipid peroxidation were evaluated. The concentration of 3,6,7-trihydroxycoumarin (THC) was measured in D. vermicularis. P. oceanica biomarkers were not altered while D. vermicularis coexisting with the invader showed higher GSH levels (46%) and antioxidant enzyme activities (catalase 74%, SOD 65%, GPx 86% and GRd 98%), although without lipid damage. H. incrassata showed higher malondialdehyde and GSH levels (30% and 31%, respectively), and catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione reductase activities (51%, 35% and 84%, respectively) in presence of P. oceanica respect to being alone; and higher superoxide dismutase and glutathione reductase in the presence of D. vermicularis (22% and 42%, respectively). THC concentration in D. vermicularis was significantly higher (53%) in samples competing with H. incrassata. Altogether, native P. oceanica meadows seem unaffected by the alien H. incrassata-which suffered oxidative stress competing with the other species-; whereas increased antioxidant capacities were evidenced in D. vermicularis, possibly as an adaptation mechanism to the new stressful situation that reflect differences in the physiological activities of the three species. In conclusion, the presence of the invasive H. incrassata may be a competitor to be considered for D. vermicularis, while it does not seem to be a major problem for P. oceanica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoni Sureda
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress (NUCOX), University of Balearic Islands, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain; CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain.
| | - Silvia Tejada
- Experimental Laboratory, Research Unit, Son Llàtzer Hospital, IUNICS, Ctra. Manacor km 4, E-07198 Palma de Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - Xavier Capó
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress (NUCOX), University of Balearic Islands, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - Catalina Melià
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress (NUCOX), University of Balearic Islands, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - Pere Ferriol
- Interdisciplinary Ecology Group, Biology Department, University of the Balearic Islands, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Samuel Pinya
- Interdisciplinary Ecology Group, Biology Department, University of the Balearic Islands, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain; Museu Balear de Ciències Naturals, Ctra. Palma - Port de Sóller km 30, 07100 Sóller, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - Guillem Mateu-Vicens
- Museu Balear de Ciències Naturals, Ctra. Palma - Port de Sóller km 30, 07100 Sóller, Balearic Islands, Spain; Laboratory of Zoology, Biology Department, University of the Balearic Islands, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
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Nawaz F, Naeem M, Akram A, Ashraf MY, Ahmad KS, Zulfiqar B, Sardar H, Shabbir RN, Majeed S, Shehzad MA, Anwar I. Seed priming with KNO 3 mediates biochemical processes to inhibit lead toxicity in maize (Zea mays L.). JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2017; 97:4780-4789. [PMID: 28369913 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accumulation of lead (Pb) in agricultural soils has become a major factor for reduced crop yields and poses serious threats to humans consuming agricultural products. The present study investigated the effects of KNO3 seed priming (0 and 0.5% KNO3 ) on growth of maize (Zea mays L.) seedlings exposed to Pb toxicity (0, 1300 and 2550 mg kg-1 Pb). RESULTS Pb exposure markedly reduced the growth of maize seedlings and resulted in higher Pb accumulation in roots than shoots. Pretreatment of seeds with KNO3 significantly improved the germination percentage and increased physiological indices. A stimulating effect of KNO3 seed priming was also observed on pigments (chlorophyll a, b, total chlorophyll and carotenoid contents) of Pb-stressed plants. Low translocation of Pb from roots to shoots caused an increased accumulation of total free amino acids and higher activities of catalase, peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and ascorbate peroxidase in roots as compared to shoot, which were further enhanced by exogenous KNO3 supply to prevent Pb toxicity. CONCLUSION Maize accumulates more Pb in roots than shoot at early growth stages. Priming of seeds with KNO3 prevents Pb toxicity, which may be exploited to improve seedling establishment in crop species grown under Pb contaminated soils. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahim Nawaz
- Department of Agronomy, MNS University of Agriculture, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Naeem
- Department of Agronomy, UCA & ES, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Asim Akram
- Department of Agronomy, UCA & ES, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | | | - Khawaja S Ahmad
- Department of Botany, University of Poonch, Rawalakot, Pakistan
| | - Bilal Zulfiqar
- Department of Agronomy, UCA & ES, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Hasan Sardar
- Department of Horticulture, Agriculture College, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Rana N Shabbir
- Department of Agronomy, Agriculture College, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Sadia Majeed
- Department of Agronomy, UCA & ES, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | | | - Irfan Anwar
- Department of Agronomy, UCA & ES, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan
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Cahyanurani AB, Chiu KH, Wu TM. Glutathione biosynthesis plays an important role against 4-tert-octylphenol-induced oxidative stress in Ceratophyllum demersum. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 183:565-573. [PMID: 28570900 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.05.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Revised: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
4-tert-octylphenol (OP) is a persistent environmental pollutant with an endocrine-disrupting property. In the present study, we examined the effect of various concentrations of OP (0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2 and 3 mg L-1) applied to an aquatic plant, the submersed macrophyte Ceratophyllum demersum. The toxic effect caused by OP inhibited the plant's growth rate, reduced total chlorophyll content and increased levels of the reactive oxygen species (ROS) O2•- and H2O2. OP treatment significantly increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase, guaiacol peroxidase, glutathione reductase and ascorbate peroxidase. The contents of the non-enzymatic antioxidant glutathione (GSH) and ratio of GSH to glutathione disulfide were markedly increased with OP treatment. Pretreatment with buthionine sulfoximine, a specific and potent inhibitor of GSH biosynthesis, significantly reduced total GSH content and conferred a more severe toxic phenotype on OP exposure. Thus, with OP-induced oxidative stress, C. demersum might actively regulate the antioxidant machinery, especially the biosynthesis and redox state of GSH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annisa' Bias Cahyanurani
- Department of Aquaculture, Fisheries and Marine Science Faculty, University of Brawijaya, Malang 65145, Indonesia; Department of Aquaculture, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Hsun Chiu
- Department and Graduate Institute of Aquaculture, National Kaohsiung Marine University, Kaohsiung 81157, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Meng Wu
- Department of Aquaculture, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan.
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Allelopathy Inhibitory Effects of Hydrodictyon reticulatum on Chlorella pyrenoidosa under Co-Culture and Liquor-Cultured Conditions. WATER 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/w9060416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Ashraf U, Hussain S, Anjum SA, Abbas F, Tanveer M, Noor MA, Tang X. Alterations in growth, oxidative damage, and metal uptake of five aromatic rice cultivars under lead toxicity. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2017; 115:461-471. [PMID: 28494393 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2017.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2016] [Revised: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) affects plant growth and its related physio-biochemical functions negatively. The present study investigated the responses of five different fragrant rice cultivars viz., Meixiangzhan (MXZ-2), Xiangyaxiangzhan (XYXZ), Guixiangzhan (GXZ), Basmati-385 (B-385), and Nongxiang-18 (NX-18) to four different Pb concentrations viz., 0, 400, 800 and 1200 μM. Results depicted that Pb toxicity significantly (P < 0.05) reduced the plant height, tillering ability and biomass accumulation by causing oxidative damage to rice plants; nonetheless, a significant variation was found in the sensitivity of rice cultivars to Pb toxicity. Soluble sugars increased significantly only at 1200 μM in GXZ and 800 μM in B-385, whilst the maximum reductions in protein contents were observed at 1200 μM Pb for all rice cultivars. Proline contents were reduced for XYXZ and NX-18 at Pb1200 μM. Activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) as well as reduced glutathione (GSH) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG) showed differential behavior among Pb treatments and rice cultivars. Among rice cultivars, GXZ showed better antioxidative defense system under Pb toxicity compared with all other cultivars. For all rice cultivars, the trend for Pb accumulation was recorded as: roots > stems > leaves. Furthermore, significant but negative correlations among Pb uptake and plant height (r = -0.79), tillers per plant (r = -0.91) and plant dry biomass (r = -0.81) were recorded for all rice cultivars whereas the values of translocation factor (TF) from stems to leaves were higher than roots to stems. In sum, Pb reduced the early growth and caused physio-biochemical changes in all rice cultivars, nonetheless, GXZ proved better able to tolerate Pb stress than all other rice cultivars under study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umair Ashraf
- Department of Crop Science and Technology, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Cultivation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture PR China, Guangzhou, 510642 PR China
| | - Saddam Hussain
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040 Pakistan
| | - Shakeel Ahmad Anjum
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040 Pakistan
| | - Farhat Abbas
- The Research Centre for Ornamental Plants, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Mohsin Tanveer
- School of Land and Food, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Mehmood Ali Noor
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100081, PR China
| | - Xiangru Tang
- Department of Crop Science and Technology, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Cultivation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture PR China, Guangzhou, 510642 PR China.
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Corpas FJ, Barroso JB. Lead-induced stress, which triggers the production of nitric oxide (NO) and superoxide anion (O 2·-) in Arabidopsis peroxisomes, affects catalase activity. Nitric Oxide 2016; 68:103-110. [PMID: 28039072 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2016.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2016] [Revised: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) contamination has a toxic effect on plant metabolisms, leading to a decrease in biomass production. The free radical nitric oxide (NO) is involved in the mechanism of response to a wide range of abiotic stresses. However, little is known about the interplay between Pb-induced stress and NO metabolism. Peroxisomes are sub-cellular compartments involved in multiple cellular metabolic pathways which are characterized by an active nitro-oxidative metabolism. Thus, Arabidopsis thaliana mutants expressing cyan fluorescent protein (CFP) through the addition of peroxisomal targeting signal 1 (PTS1), which enables peroxisomes to be visualized in vivo by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) combined with fluorescent probes for nitric oxide (NO), superoxide anion (O2·-) and peroxynitrite (ONOO-), were used to evaluate the potential involvement of these organelles in the mechanism of response to 150 μM lead-induced stress. Both NO and O2·- radicals, and consequently ONOO-, were overproduced under Pb-stress. Additionally, biochemical and gene expression analyses of peroxisomal enzymes, including the antioxidant catalase (CAT) and two photorespiration enzymes, such as glycolate oxidase (GOX) and hydroxypyruvate reductase (HPR), show that, under Pb-stress, only the catalase was negatively affected, while the two photorespiration enzymes remained unaffected. These results corroborate the involvement of plant peroxisomal metabolisms in the mechanism of response to lead contamination and highlight the importance of the peroxisomal NO metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J Corpas
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, C/Profesor Albareda 1, E-18008 Granada, Spain.
| | - Juan B Barroso
- Group of Biochemistry and Cell Signaling in Nitric Oxide, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Jaén, Campus "Las Lagunillas", E-23071 Jaén, Spain
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Sidhu GPS, Singh HP, Batish DR, Kohli RK. Effect of lead on oxidative status, antioxidative response and metal accumulation in Coronopus didymus. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2016; 105:290-296. [PMID: 27214085 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2016.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Revised: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
A screenhouse experiment was conducted to assay the effect of Lead (Pb) on oxidative status, antioxidative response and metal accumulation in Coronopus didymus after 6 weeks. Results revealed a good Pb tolerance and accumulation potential of C. didymus towards the increasing Pb concentrations (500, 900, 1800, 2900 mg kg(-1)) in soil. The content of Pb in roots and shoots elevated with higher Pb levels and reached a maximum of 3684.3 mg kg(-1) and 862.8 mg kg(-1) Pb dry weight, respectively, at 2900 mg kg(-1) treatment. Pb exposure stimulated electrolyte leakage, H2O2 level, MDA content and the activities of antioxidant machinery (SOD, CAT, APX, GPX and GR). However, at the highest Pb concentration, the activities of SOD and CAT declined. The H2O2 level and MDA content in roots increased significantly up to ∼500% and 213%, respectively, over the control, at 2900 mg kg(-1) Pb treatment. Likewise, concurrent findings were noticed in shoots of C. didymus, with the increasing Pb concentration. The present work suggests that C. didymus exhibited a good accumulation potential for Pb and can tolerate Pb-induced oxidative stress by an effective antioxidant defense mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Harminder Pal Singh
- Department of Environment Studies, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Daizy R Batish
- Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
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Han Y, Zhang L, Yang Y, Yuan H, Zhao J, Gu J, Huang S. Pb uptake and toxicity to Iris halophila tested on Pb mine tailing materials. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2016; 214:510-516. [PMID: 27131809 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.04.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2015] [Revised: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Pb tolerant mechanisms, plant physiological response and Pb sub-cellular localization in the root cells of Iris halophila were studied in sand culture and the Pb mine tailings. Results showed that the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) in the underground parts and the activity of catalase (CAT) in the aboveground and underground parts increased as Pb level was enhanced. Glutathione (GSH) and ascorbic acid (AsA) contents increased by Pb treatments. Pb deposits were found in the middle cell walls or along the inner side of epibiotic protoplasm of some cells which accumulated a large quantity of Pb and died. The dry weights (DWs) of aboveground parts under all Pb tailings treatments decreased insignificantly, while the DW of the underground parts growing in the pure Pb tailings decreased significantly. Pb, Cu, Cd, and Zn contents increased significantly as the levels of Pb tailings were enhanced and Pb contents in the aboveground and underground parts reached 64.75 and 751.75 μg/g DW, respectively, at pure Pb tailings treatment. The results indicated that I. halophila is a promising plant in the phytoremediation of Pb contaminated environment. Some antioxidant enzymes, antioxidants and compartmentalization of Pb were played major roles in Pb tolerance of I. halophila.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulin Han
- Experimental Teaching Center of Ecological Environment of Jiangxi Province, Department of Landscape Architecture, Jiangxi University of Finance and Economics, Nanchang, 330032, China
| | - Lili Zhang
- Experimental Teaching Center of Ecological Environment of Jiangxi Province, Department of Landscape Architecture, Jiangxi University of Finance and Economics, Nanchang, 330032, China
| | - Yongheng Yang
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Science, Nanjing Sun Yat-Sen Botanical Garden, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Haiyan Yuan
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Science, Nanjing Sun Yat-Sen Botanical Garden, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Jiuzhou Zhao
- Experimental Teaching Center of Ecological Environment of Jiangxi Province, Department of Landscape Architecture, Jiangxi University of Finance and Economics, Nanchang, 330032, China
| | - Jiguang Gu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Suzhen Huang
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Science, Nanjing Sun Yat-Sen Botanical Garden, Nanjing, 210014, China.
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Yang Y, Han X, Liang Y, Ghosh A, Chen J, Tang M. The Combined Effects of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) and Lead (Pb) Stress on Pb Accumulation, Plant Growth Parameters, Photosynthesis, and Antioxidant Enzymes in Robinia pseudoacacia L. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0145726. [PMID: 26698576 PMCID: PMC4689355 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are considered as a potential biotechnological tool for improving phytostabilization efficiency and plant tolerance to heavy metal-contaminated soils. However, the mechanisms through which AMF help to alleviate metal toxicity in plants are still poorly understood. A greenhouse experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of two AMF species (Funneliformis mosseae and Rhizophagus intraradices) on the growth, Pb accumulation, photosynthesis and antioxidant enzyme activities of a leguminous tree (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) at Pb addition levels of 0, 500, 1000 and 2000 mg kg-1 soil. AMF symbiosis decreased Pb concentrations in the leaves and promoted the accumulation of biomass as well as photosynthetic pigment contents. Mycorrhizal plants had higher gas exchange capacity, non-photochemistry efficiency, and photochemistry efficiency compared with non-mycorrhizal plants. The enzymatic activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidases (APX) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) were enhanced, and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents were reduced in mycorrhizal plants. These findings suggested that AMF symbiosis could protect plants by alleviating cellular oxidative damage in response to Pb stress. Furthermore, mycorrhizal dependency on plants increased with increasing Pb stress levels, indicating that AMF inoculation likely played a more important role in plant Pb tolerance in heavily contaminated soils. Overall, both F. mosseae and R. intraradices were able to maintain efficient symbiosis with R. pseudoacacia in Pb polluted soils. AMF symbiosis can improve photosynthesis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging capabilities and decrease Pb concentrations in leaves to alleviate Pb toxicity in R. pseudoacacia. Our results suggest that the application of the two AMF species associated with R. pseudoacacia could be a promising strategy for enhancing the phytostabilization efficiency of Pb contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yurong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xiaozhen Han
- Plant Systems Biology Lab, Botany and Plant Science, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Yan Liang
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, 5885 Hollis St, Emeryville, California 94608, United States of America
- Physical Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States of America
| | - Amit Ghosh
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, PK Sinha Centre for Bioenergy, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Jie Chen
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Ming Tang
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
- * E-mail:
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Chen M, Zhang LL, Li J, He XJ, Cai JC. Bioaccumulation and tolerance characteristics of a submerged plant (Ceratophyllum demersum L.) exposed to toxic metal lead. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2015; 122:313-21. [PMID: 26300117 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2015.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Revised: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A hydroponic study was conducted to investigate the lead bioaccumulation and tolerance characteristics of Ceratophyllum demersum L. exposed to various lead concentrations (5-80 μM) for 7, 14 or 21 days. Lead accumulation increased with increasing concentrations of metal in the solution, to a maximum accumulation of 4016.4 mg kg(-1) dw. Unexpectedly, the release of accumulated lead from the plants into solution was observed for all experimental groups except those exposed to 5 μM. Both the biomass and protein content of the plants responded significantly to lead stress. Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels increased substantially at lead concentrations below 20 μM, further indicating that this metal is toxic to the plants. To reveal the mechanism underlying the defense against lead stress, plants were also assayed for the activities of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD), as well as other relevant enzymes such as phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO). The activities of both SOD and CAT increased at lower lead concentrations and with shorter exposure times, followed by a decline, but the activities of POD and its isoenzymes continued to increase under all conditions. Moreover, increases in the activities of PAL and PPO were observed only for the 14-day treatment, and these two enzymes were not sensitive to lead concentration. These results suggest that C. demersum exhibits strong tolerance within a specific concentration range of lead in solution; according to regression analysis, 40 μM is suggested to be this plant's tolerance threshold for lead in water. Furthermore, the malfunction of this tolerance mechanism might accelerate the metal-release process. These attributes are likely to be beneficial for utilizing C. demersum in phytoremediation applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Chen
- Institute of Ecology and Environment, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, College of Water Resource & Hydropower, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
| | - Ling-Lei Zhang
- Institute of Ecology and Environment, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, College of Water Resource & Hydropower, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
| | - Jia Li
- Institute of Ecology and Environment, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, College of Water Resource & Hydropower, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
| | - Xiao-Jia He
- Institute of Ecology and Environment, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, College of Water Resource & Hydropower, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
| | - Jun-Chi Cai
- Institute of Ecology and Environment, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, College of Water Resource & Hydropower, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
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Li Y, Gu Y, Li J, Xu M, Wei Q, Wang Y. Biocontrol agent Bacillus amyloliquefaciens LJ02 induces systemic resistance against cucurbits powdery mildew. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:883. [PMID: 26379654 PMCID: PMC4551870 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Powdery mildew is a fungal disease found in a wide range of plants and can significantly reduce crop yields. Bacterial strain LJ02 is a biocontrol agent (BCA) isolated from a greenhouse in Tianjin, China. In combination of morphological, physiological, biochemical and phylogenetic analyses, strain LJ02 was classified as a new member of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. Greenhouse trials showed that LJ02 fermentation broth (LJ02FB) can effectively diminish the occurrence of cucurbits powdery mildew. When treated with LJ02FB, cucumber seedlings produced significantly elevated production of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase and phenylalanine ammonia lyase as compared to that of the control. We further confirmed that the production of free salicylic acid (SA) and expression of one pathogenesis-related (PR) gene PR-1 in cucumber leaves were markedly elevated after treating with LJ02FB, suggesting that SA-mediated defense response was stimulated. Moreover, LJ02FB-treated cucumber leaves could secrete resistance-related substances into rhizosphere that inhibit the germination of fungi spores and the growth of pathogens. Finally, we separated bacterium and its fermented substances to test their respective effects and found that both components have SA-inducing activity and bacterium plays major roles. Altogether, we identified a BCA against powdery mildew and its mode of action by inducing systemic resistance such as SA signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunlong Li
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Tianjin Agricultural University , Tianjin, China
| | - Yilin Gu
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Tianjin Agricultural University , Tianjin, China
| | - Juan Li
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Tianjin Agricultural University , Tianjin, China
| | - Mingzhu Xu
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Tianjin Agricultural University , Tianjin, China
| | - Qing Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing, China
| | - Yuanhong Wang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Tianjin Agricultural University , Tianjin, China
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Zhang N, Zhang JW, Yang YH, Li XY, Lin JX, Li ZL, Cheng LY, Wang JF, Mu CS, Wang AX. Effects of lead contamination on the clonal propagative ability of Phragmites australis (common reed) grown in wet and dry environments. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2015; 17:893-903. [PMID: 25683495 DOI: 10.1111/plb.12317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Clonal propagation is important for the survival and maintenance of the common reed Phragmites australis. Pot culture experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of lead (Pb) concentration (0, 500, 1500, 3000, 4500 mg·kg(-1) ) and water stress on the clonal reproductive ability of this species. The Pb concentration found in plant organs, in decreasing order, was roots >shoots >rhizomes. There was a negative relationship between the growth of clonal propagative modules (excluding axillary shoot buds) and Pb concentrations, which caused a decrease in biomass, rhizome growth and number of axillary and apical rhizome buds. Daughter axillary shoots exhibited a tolerance strategy, with no significant change in their number; the axillary and apical rhizome buds, daughter apical rhizome shoots and rhizomes exhibited compensatory growth during the late stage of Pb (excluding 4500 mg·kg(-1) ) treatment in a wet environment. Pb applications above 500 mg·kg(-1) reduced these parameters significantly in the drought treatment, except for the number of axillary shoot buds, which did not change. Our results indicate that clonal propagative resistance to Pb contamination can occur via tolerance strategies, compensatory growth and a Pb allocation strategy, enabling these reeds to maintain population stability in wet environments. However, clonal modular growth and reproductive ability were inhibited significantly by the interaction between drought and Pb, which would cause a decline in P. australis populations in a dry environment. Lead concentrations of 4500 and 500 mg·kg(-1) in soils might meet or exceed the Pb tolerance threshold of clonally propagated reeds in wet and dry environments, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Grassland Science, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - J W Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Grassland Science, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Y H Yang
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Grassland Science, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - X Y Li
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Science, Changchun, China
| | - J X Lin
- Alkali Soil Nature Environmental Science Center, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Z L Li
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Grassland Science, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - L Y Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Grassland Science, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - J F Wang
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Grassland Science, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - C S Mu
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Grassland Science, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - A X Wang
- Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
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Samardakiewicz S, Krzeszowiec-Jeleń W, Bednarski W, Jankowski A, Suski S, Gabryś H, Woźny A. Pb-induced avoidance-like chloroplast movements in fronds of Lemna trisulca L. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0116757. [PMID: 25646776 PMCID: PMC4315572 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0116757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Lead ions are particularly dangerous to the photosynthetic apparatus, but little is known about the effects of trace metals, including Pb, on regulation of chloroplast redistribution. In this study a new effect of lead on chloroplast distribution patterns and movements was demonstrated in mesophyll cells of a small-sized aquatic angiosperm Lemna trisulca L. (star duckweed). An analysis of confocal microscopy images of L. trisulca fronds treated with lead (15 μM Pb2+, 24 h) in darkness or in weak white light revealed an enhanced accumulation of chloroplasts in the profile position along the anticlinal cell walls, in comparison to untreated plants. The rearrangement of chloroplasts in their response to lead ions in darkness was similar to the avoidance response of chloroplasts in plants treated with strong white light. Transmission electron microscopy X-ray microanalysis showed that intracellular chloroplast arrangement was independent of the location of Pb deposits, suggesting that lead causes redistribution of chloroplasts, which looks like a light-induced avoidance response, but is not a real avoidance response to the metal. Furthermore, a similar redistribution of chloroplasts in L. trisulca cells in darkness was observed also under the influence of exogenously applied hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). In addition, we detected an enhanced accumulation of endogenous H2O2 after treatment of plants with lead. Interestingly, H2O2-specific scavenger catalase partly abolished the Pb-induced chloroplast response. These results suggest that H2O2 can be involved in the avoidance-like movement of chloroplasts induced by lead. Analysis of photometric measurements revealed also strong inhibition (but not complete) of blue-light-induced chloroplast movements by lead. This inhibition may result from disturbances in the actin cytoskeleton, as we observed fragmentation and disappearance of actin filaments around chloroplasts. Results of this study show that the mechanisms of the toxic effect of lead on chloroplasts can include disturbances in their movement and distribution pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sławomir Samardakiewicz
- Laboratory of Electron and Confocal Microscopy, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | - Weronika Krzeszowiec-Jeleń
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Waldemar Bednarski
- Institute of Molecular Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Artur Jankowski
- Laboratory of General Botany, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | - Szymon Suski
- Laboratory of Electron Microscopy, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Halina Gabryś
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Adam Woźny
- Laboratory of General Botany, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
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Nareshkumar A, Veeranagamallaiah G, Pandurangaiah M, Kiranmai K, Amaranathareddy V, Lokesh U, Venkatesh B, Sudhakar C. Pb-Stress Induced Oxidative Stress Caused Alterations in Antioxidant Efficacy in Two Groundnut (<i>Arachis hypogaea</i> L.) Cultivars. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.4236/as.2015.610123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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50
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López-Orenes A, Martínez-Pérez A, Calderón AA, Ferrer MA. Pb-induced responses in Zygophyllum fabago plants are organ-dependent and modulated by salicylic acid. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2014; 84:57-66. [PMID: 25240264 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2014.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Zygophyllum fabago is a promising species for restoring heavy metal (HM) polluted soils, although the mechanisms involved in HM tolerance in this non-model plant remain largely unknown. This paper analyses the extent to which redox-active compounds and enzymatic antioxidants in roots, stems and leaves are responsible for Pb tolerance in a metallicolous ecotype of Z. fabago and the possible influence of salicylic acid (SA) pretreatment (24 h, 0.5 mM SA) in the response to Pb stress. SA pretreatment reduced both the accumulation of Pb in roots and even more so the concentration of Pb in aerial parts of the plants, although a similar drop in the content of chlorophylls and in the maximum quantum yield of photosystem II was observed in both Pb- and SA-Pb-treated plants. Pb increased the endogenous free SA levels in all organs and this response was enhanced in root tissues upon SA pretreatment. Generally, Pb induced a reduction in catalase, ascorbate peroxidase and glutathione reductase specific activities, whereas dehydroascorbate reductase was increased in all organs of control plants. SA pretreatment enhanced the Pb-induced H2O2 accumulation in roots by up-regulating Fe-superoxide dismutase isoenzymes. Under Pb stress, the GSH redox ratio remained highly reduced in all organs while the ascorbic acid redox ratio dropped in leaf tissues where a rise in lipid peroxidation products and electrolyte leakage was observed. Finally, an organ-dependent accumulation of proline and β-carboline alkaloids was found, suggesting these nitrogen-redox-active compounds could play a role in the adaptation strategies of this species to Pb stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio López-Orenes
- Department of Agricultural Science and Technology, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Paseo Alfonso XIII 48, 30203 Cartagena, Spain
| | - Ascensión Martínez-Pérez
- Department of Agricultural Science and Technology, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Paseo Alfonso XIII 48, 30203 Cartagena, Spain
| | - Antonio A Calderón
- Department of Agricultural Science and Technology, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Paseo Alfonso XIII 48, 30203 Cartagena, Spain
| | - María A Ferrer
- Department of Agricultural Science and Technology, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Paseo Alfonso XIII 48, 30203 Cartagena, Spain.
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