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Luo Y, Jin X, Zhao J, Xie H, Guo X, Huang D, Giesy JP, Xu J. Ecological implications and drivers of emerging contaminants in Dongting Lake of Yangtze River Basin, China: A multi-substance risk analysis. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 472:134519. [PMID: 38733790 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Emerging contaminants (ECs) are increasingly recognized as a global threat to biodiversity and ecosystem health. However, the cumulative risks posed by ECs to aquatic organisms and ecosystems, as well as the influence of anthropogenic activities and natural factors on these risks, remain poorly understood. This study assessed the mixed risks of ECs in Dongting Lake, a Ramsar Convention-classified Typically Changing Wetland, to elucidate the major EC classes, key risk drivers, and magnitude of anthropogenic and natural impacts. Results revealed that ECs pose non-negligible acute (30% probability) and chronic (70% probability) mixed risks to aquatic organisms in the freshwater lake ecosystem, with imidacloprid identified as the primary pollutant stressor. Redundancy analysis (RDA) and structural equation modeling (SEM) indicated that cropland and precipitation were major drivers of EC contamination levels and ecological risk. Cropland was positively associated with EC concentrations, while precipitation exhibited a dilution effect. These findings provide critical insights into the ecological risk status and key risk drivers in a typical freshwater lake ecosystem, offering data-driven support for the control and management of ECs in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Luo
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Xiaowei Jin
- China National Environmental Monitoring Centre, Beijing 100012, China.
| | - Jianglu Zhao
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Huiyu Xie
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Xinying Guo
- China National Environmental Monitoring Centre, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Daizhong Huang
- Dongting Lake Eco-Environment Monitoring Centre of Hunan Province, 414000 Yueyang, China
| | - John P Giesy
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences and Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B3, Canada; Department of Environmental Sciences, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798-7266, USA
| | - Jian Xu
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
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2
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Qiang L, Chisheng Y, Kaiyin C, Hamid Y, Ancheng L, Zhiwei L, Tianyu X. Occurrence of micropollutants in rural domestic wastewater in Zhejiang Province, China and corresponding wastewater-based epidemiology analysis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 931:172686. [PMID: 38663619 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
By 2021, rural regions in China were occupied by over 500 million residents, generating an annual volume of 19.5 billion m3 of rural domestic wastewater (RDW). This study aimed to investigate the occurrence and removal of micropollutants (MPs) in RDW treatment facilities and to perform a corresponding wastewater-based epidemiology analysis (WBE). Our findings indicated the significantly high levels of influent MPs, particularly pharmaceuticals, such as ofloxacin and diclofenac being most prevalent (ranging from several to tens of μg/L) across different facilities. After various treatments, regular water indexes in the effluent, like NH3 -N and COD, have basically satisfied the local discharge standard. However, the concentration of certain dominant MPs in effluent remained notably high, ranging from hundreds of ng/L to several μg/L. The risk quotients of MPs like diclofenac, ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, sulfamethoxazole, diuron, and isoproturon were all above 1 in the effluent, signifying significant hazards to aquatic organisms. The quantitative meta-analysis revealed higher average standardized removal efficiency for membrane bioreactor (MBR) treatment (-11 %) compared to anaerobic/anoxic/aerobic (A2O) treatment (11 %), indicating the higher efficiency of MBR treatment in outperforming the A2O as a secondary treatment. Additionally, employing biofilter as a tertiary treatment proved to be more effective as compared to flocculation-air flotation and artificial wetlands. Moreover, the results of WBE analysis showed that diclofenac and ofloxacin emerged as the most commonly used pharmaceuticals (of seven), with consumption levels recorded at 1222 and 517 mg/(d·103 capita), with daily defined doses per day per 103 capita of 12.2/1000 and 1.29/1000, respectively. This study addresses the existing knowledge gaps regarding the occurrence and removal of MPs in RDW and offers valuable insights into pharmaceutical consumption patterns in rural regions, thereby improving our understanding of public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Qiang
- College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, China
| | - Yu Chisheng
- College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, China
| | - Chen Kaiyin
- College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, China
| | - Yasir Hamid
- College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, China
| | - Luo Ancheng
- College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, China
| | - Liang Zhiwei
- College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, China.
| | - Xu Tianyu
- The Rural Development Academy, Zhejiang University, China
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3
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Pauletto M, De Liguoro M. A Review on Fluoroquinolones' Toxicity to Freshwater Organisms and a Risk Assessment. J Xenobiot 2024; 14:717-752. [PMID: 38921651 PMCID: PMC11205205 DOI: 10.3390/jox14020042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Fluoroquinolones (FQs) have achieved significant success in both human and veterinary medicine. However, regulatory authorities have recommended limiting their use, firstly because they can have disabling side effects; secondly, because of the need to limit the spread of antibiotic resistance. This review addresses another concerning consequence of the excessive use of FQs: the freshwater environments contamination and the impact on non-target organisms. Here, an overview of the highest concentrations found in Europe, Asia, and the USA is provided, the sensitivity of various taxa is presented through a comparison of the lowest EC50s from about a hundred acute toxicity tests, and primary mechanisms of FQ toxicity are described. A risk assessment is conducted based on the estimation of the Predicted No Effect Concentration (PNEC). This is calculated traditionally and, in a more contemporary manner, by constructing a normalized Species Sensitivity Distribution curve. The lowest individual HC5 (6.52 µg L-1) was obtained for levofloxacin, followed by ciprofloxacin (7.51 µg L-1), sarafloxacin and clinafloxacin (12.23 µg L-1), and ofloxacin (17.12 µg L-1). By comparing the calculated PNEC with detected concentrations, it is evident that the risk cannot be denied: the potential impact of FQs on freshwater ecosystems is a further reason to minimize their use.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marco De Liguoro
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine & Food Science (BCA), University of Padova, Viale dell’Università 16, I-35020 Legnaro, Padova, Italy;
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4
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Zhou Z, Huang F, Chen L, Liu F, Wang B, Tang J. Effects of antibiotics on microbial nitrogen cycling and N 2O emissions: A review. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 357:142034. [PMID: 38615962 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Sulfonamides, quinolones, tetracyclines, and macrolides are the most prevalent classes of antibiotics used in both medical treatment and agriculture. The misuse of antibiotics leads to their extensive dissemination in the environment. These antibiotics can modify the structure and functionality of microbial communities, consequently impacting microbial-mediated nitrogen cycling processes including nitrification, denitrification, and anammox. They can change the relative abundance of nirK/norB contributing to the emission of nitrous oxide, a potent greenhouse gas. This review provides a comprehensive examination of the presence of these four antibiotic classes across different environmental matrices and synthesizes current knowledge of their effects on the nitrogen cycle, including the underlying mechanisms. Such an overview is crucial for understanding the ecological impacts of antibiotics and for guiding future research directions. The presence of antibiotics in the environment varies widely, with significant differences in concentration and type across various settings. We conducted a comprehensive review of over 70 research articles that compare various aspects including processes, antibiotics, concentration ranges, microbial sources, experimental methods, and mechanisms of influence. Antibiotics can either inhibit, have no effect, or even stimulate nitrification, denitrification, and anammox, depending on the experimental conditions. The influence of antibiotics on the nitrogen cycle is characterized by dose-dependent responses, primarily inhibiting nitrification, denitrification, and anammox. This is achieved through alterations in microbial community composition and diversity, carbon source utilization, enzyme activities, electron transfer chain function, and the abundance of specific functional enzymes and antibiotic resistance genes. These alterations can lead to diminished removal of reactive nitrogen and heightened nitrous oxide emissions, potentially exacerbating the greenhouse effect and related environmental issues. Future research should consider diverse reaction mechanisms and expand the scope to investigate the combined effects of multiple antibiotics, as well as their interactions with heavy metals and other chemicals or organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zikun Zhou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Resource Recycle, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Fuyang Huang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Resource Recycle, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan, PR China.
| | - Linpeng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Conservation of MWR, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, PR China
| | - Fei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Conservation of MWR, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, PR China
| | - Bin Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Resource Recycle, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan, PR China.
| | - Jie Tang
- College of Environment and Civil Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
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5
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Wang B, Xu Z, Dong B. Occurrence, fate, and ecological risk of antibiotics in wastewater treatment plants in China: A review. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 469:133925. [PMID: 38432096 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
This review offers a comprehensive overview of the occurrence, fate, and ecological risk associated with six major categories of antibiotics found in influent, effluent, and sludge from urban wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in China. Further exploration includes examining the correlation between antibiotic residual rates in the effluents and process parameters of urban WWTPs across the country. Lastly, a nationwide and urban cluster-specific evaluation of the ecological risk posed by antibiotics in WWTPs is conducted. The findings reveal that the average concentrations of antibiotics in influent, effluent, and sludge from urban WWTPs in China are 786.2 ng/L, 311.2 ng/L, and 186.8 μg/kg, respectively. Among the detected antibiotics, 42% exhibit moderate to high ecological risk in the effluent, with ciprofloxacin, sulfamethoxazole, erythromycin, azithromycin, and tetracycline posing moderate to high ecological risks in sludge. The current biological treatment processes in WWTPs demonstrate inefficacy in removing antibiotics. Hence, there is a pressing need to develop and integrate innovative technologies, such as advanced oxidation processes. This review aims to offer a more comprehensive understanding and identify priority antibiotics for control to effectively manage antibiotic pollution within WWTPs at both national and regional levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingqing Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Zuxin Xu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Bin Dong
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
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6
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Yang W, Bu Q, Shi Q, Zhao R, Huang H, Yang L, Tang J, Ma Y. Emerging Contaminants in the Effluent of Wastewater Should Be Regulated: Which and to What Extent? TOXICS 2024; 12:309. [PMID: 38787088 PMCID: PMC11125804 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12050309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Effluent discharged from urban wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) is a major source of emerging contaminants (ECs) requiring effective regulation. To this end, we collected discharge datasets of pharmaceuticals (PHACs) and endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), representing two primary categories of ECs, from Chinese WWTP effluent from 2012 to 2022 to establish an exposure database. Moreover, high-risk ECs' long-term water quality criteria (LWQC) were derived using the species sensitivity distribution (SSD) method. A total of 140 ECs (124 PHACs and 16 EDCs) were identified, with concentrations ranging from N.D. (not detected) to 706 μg/L. Most data were concentrated in coastal regions and Gansu, with high ecological risk observed in Gansu, Hebei, Shandong, Guangdong, and Hong Kong. Using the assessment factor (AF) method, 18 high-risk ECs requiring regulation were identified. However, only three of them, namely carbamazepine, ibuprofen, and bisphenol-A, met the derivation requirements of the SSD method. The LWQC for these three ECs were determined as 96.4, 1010, and 288 ng/L, respectively. Exposure data for carbamazepine and bisphenol-A surpassed their derived LWQC, indicating a need for heightened attention to these contaminants. This study elucidates the occurrence and risks of ECs in Chinese WWTPs and provides theoretical and data foundations for EC management in urban sewage facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Yang
- School of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining & Technology-Beijing, Beijing 100083, China (Q.S.)
| | - Qingwei Bu
- School of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining & Technology-Beijing, Beijing 100083, China (Q.S.)
| | - Qianhui Shi
- School of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining & Technology-Beijing, Beijing 100083, China (Q.S.)
| | - Ruiqing Zhao
- School of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining & Technology-Beijing, Beijing 100083, China (Q.S.)
| | - Haitao Huang
- School of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining & Technology-Beijing, Beijing 100083, China (Q.S.)
| | - Lei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Jianfeng Tang
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Yuning Ma
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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7
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Hao C, Rao F, Zhang Y, Wang H, Chen J, Wågberg T, Hu G. Low-temperature molten-salt synthesis of Co 3O 4 nanoparticles grown on MXene can rapidly remove ornidazole via peroxymonosulfate activation. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 334:121811. [PMID: 37209900 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
We further developed previous work on MXene materials prepared using molten salt methodology. We substituted single, with mixed salts, and reduced the melting point from >724 °C to <360 °C. Cobalt (Co) compounds were simultaneously etched and doped while the MXene material was created using various techniques in which Co compounds occur as Co3O4. The synthesized Co3O4/MXene compound was used as a peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activator that would generate free radicals to degrade antibiotic ornidazole (ONZ). Under optimal conditions, almost 100% of ONZ (30 mg/L) was degraded within 10 min. The Co3O4/MXene + PMS system efficiently degraded ONZ in natural water bodies, and had a broad pH adaptation range (4-11), and strong anion anti-interference. We investigated how the four active substances were generated using radical quenching and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. We identified 12 ONZ intermediates by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and propose a plausible degradative mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenglin Hao
- Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650504, China
| | - Fengling Rao
- Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650504, China
| | - Yunqiu Zhang
- Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650504, China
| | - Huaisheng Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong, 252000, China
| | - Jianbin Chen
- Research Academy of Non-metallic Mining Industry Development, Materials and Environmental Engineering College, Chizhou University, Chizhou, 247000, China
| | - Thomas Wågberg
- Department of Physics, Umeå University, Umeå, 901 87, Sweden
| | - Guangzhi Hu
- Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650504, China.
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8
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Meng F, Sun S, Geng J, Ma L, Jiang J, Li B, Yabo SD, Lu L, Fu D, Shen J, Qi H. Occurrence, distribution, and risk assessment of quinolone antibiotics in municipal sewage sludges throughout China. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 453:131322. [PMID: 37043851 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
A nationwide study of the occurrence, distribution, potential drivers, and ecological risks of 24 quinolone antibiotics (QNs) in 74 Chinese sludge samples from 48 wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) was conducted. In domestic sludge, the ∑QNs concentrations were <LOD to 21,925.10 ug/kg (mean: 4808.67 ug/kg), and ofloxacin had the highest concentration (<LOD-11,138.52 ug/kg), and detection frequency (98.48%). Of four generations QNs, the levels showed the following order: 2nd-generation QNs > 3rd-generation QNs > 4th-generation QNs > 1st-generation QNs. Meanwhile, abundant veterinary and human/veterinary quinolones (<LOD-2606.96 and <LOD-12,643.47 ug/kg, respectively) were detected in municipal sludge. Interestingly, the relatively low levels of veterinary quinolones (<LOD-299.21 ug/kg) were also found in industrial sludge (the relevant WWTPs receiving ≤ 10% domestic wastewater, without other direct entry of antibiotics). The correlation analysis demonstrated QNs contamination was negatively influenced by the air temperature of sampling days. The positive correlation between moxifloxacin contents and regional economy possibly suggested local regions with relatively high economic levels face a more difficult situation of QNs antibacterial activity. Environmental risk assessment indicated ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, and moxifloxacin posed high ecological risks to the domestic sludge. This work delineates a valuable nationwide QNs contamination profile to support their safe use and control in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Meng
- Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China; School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Shaojing Sun
- College of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei Key Laboratory of Air Pollution Cause and Impact, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056038, China
| | - Jialu Geng
- Bureau of Ecological Environment of Hinggan League, Hinggan League, 137400, China
| | - Lixin Ma
- Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China; School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Jinpan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China; School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Bo Li
- Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China; School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Stephen Dauda Yabo
- Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China; School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Lu Lu
- Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China; School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Donglei Fu
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China; College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Jimin Shen
- Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China; School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
| | - Hong Qi
- Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China; School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
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9
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Geng J, Liu X, Wang J, Li S. Accumulation and risk assessment of antibiotics in edible plants grown in contaminated farmlands: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 853:158616. [PMID: 36089029 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The extensive occurrence of antibiotics in farmland soil might threaten food safety. The bioaccumulation potential of antibiotics in edible vegetables and crops grown under realistic farming scenarios was reviewed and the human health risk was assessed. A total of 51 antibiotics were documented in 37 species of daily consumed crops. Among different classes of antibiotics, tetracyclines (TCs) exhibited higher residue levels in plants than quinolones (QNs), sulfonamides (SAs), and macrolides (MLs), with median values ranging from 5.10 to 15.4 μg/kg dry weight. The favored accumulation of TCs in plants was probably linked to their relatively higher residual concentrations in soils and greater bioconcentration factors. Compared with the plants grown in open field, accumulation of antibiotics was higher in plant grown under greenhouse condition, probably due to the higher residue levels of antibiotics in the greenhouse soil with intensive application of manure. Cocktails of antibiotics were investigated in potato, corn, carrot, tomato, lettuce, and wheat. Among them, corn exhibited relatively high median concentrations of antibiotics (0.400-203 μg/kg dry weight). Antibiotics tended to accumulate in plant root and their concentrations in fruit were generally low. Risk assessment revealed that human health risk was under the alert line through the daily consumption of antibiotic contaminated vegetables and food crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiagen Geng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaoying Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Si Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Yantai Institute of China Agriculture University, Yantai 264670, China.
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10
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Vaudreuil MA, Vo Duy S, Munoz G, Sauvé S. Pharmaceutical pollution of hospital effluents and municipal wastewaters of Eastern Canada. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 846:157353. [PMID: 35842153 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Quantification of drugs residues in wastewaters of different sources could help better understand contamination pathways, eventually leading to effluent regulation. However, limited data are available for hospital-derived wastewaters. Here, an analytical method based on automated on-line solid-phase extraction liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (on-line SPE - UPLC-MS/MS) was developed for the quantification of multi-class pharmaceuticals in wastewaters. Filtrate phase and suspended solids (SPM) were both considered to evaluate the distribution of targeted analytes. Experimental design optimization involved testing different chromatographic columns, on-line SPE columns, and loading conditions for the filtrate phase, and different organic solvents and cleanup strategies for suspended solids. The selected methods were validated with suitable limits of detection, recovery, accuracy, and precision. A total of 30 hospital effluents and 6 wastewater treatment plants were sampled to evaluate concentrations in real field-collected samples. Certain pharmaceuticals were quantified at high levels such as caffeine at 670,000 ng/L in hospital wastewaters and hydroxyibuprofen at 49,000 ng/L in WWTP influents. SPM samples also had high contaminant concentrations such as ibuprofen at 31,000 ng/g in hospital effluents, fluoxetine at 529 ng/g in WWTP influents or clarithromycin at 295 ng/g in WWTP effluents. Distribution coefficients (Kd) and particle-associated fractions (Φ) indicate that pharmaceuticals tend to have better affinity to suspended solids in hospital wastewater than in municipal wastewaters. The results also bring arguments for at source treatment of these specific effluents before their introduction into urban wastewater systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sung Vo Duy
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Gabriel Munoz
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Sébastien Sauvé
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.
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11
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Yesigat A, Worku A, Mekonnen A, Bae W, Feyisa GL, Gatew S, Han JL, Liu W, Wang A, Guadie A. Phosphorus recovery as K-struvite from a waste stream: A review of influencing factors, advantages, disadvantages and challenges. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 214:114086. [PMID: 35970377 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Currently, the depletion of natural resources and contamination of the surrounding environment demand a paradigm shift to resource recycling and reuse. In this regard, phosphorus (P) is a model nutrient that possesses the negative traits of depletion (will be exhausted in the next 100 years) and environmental degradation (causes eutrophication and climate change), and this has prompted the scientific community to search for options to solve P-related problems. To date, P recovery in the form of struvite from wastewater is one viable solution suggested by many scholars. Struvite can be recovered either in the form of NH4-struvite (MgNH4PO4•6H2O) or K-struvite (MgKPO4•6H2O). From struvite, K (MgKPO4•6H2O) and N (MgNH4PO4•6H2O) are important nutrients for plant growth, but N is more abundant in the environment than K (the soil's most limited nutrient), which requires a systematic approach during P recovery. Although K-struvite recovery is a promising approach, information related to its crystallization is deficient. Here, we present the general concept of P recovery as struvite and details about K-struvite, such as the source of nutrients, factors (pH, molar ratio, supersaturation, temperature, and seeding), advantages (environmental, economic, and social), disadvantages (heavy metals, pathogenic organisms, and antibiotic resistance genes), and challenges (scale-up and acceptance). Overall, this study provides insights into state-of-the-art K-struvite recovery from wastewater as a potential slow-release fertilizer that can be used as a macronutrient (P-K-Mg) source for plants as commercial grade-fertilizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asamin Yesigat
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Addis Ababa Science and Technology University, Addis Ababa, 16417, Ethiopia
| | - Abebe Worku
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Addis Ababa Science and Technology University, Addis Ababa, 16417, Ethiopia
| | - Addisu Mekonnen
- Department of Anthropology and Archaeology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Microbial, Cellular and Molecular Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Wookeun Bae
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Addis Ababa Science and Technology University, Addis Ababa, 16417, Ethiopia
| | - Gudina Legese Feyisa
- Center for Environmental Science, College of Natural Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Shetie Gatew
- Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch 21, Ethiopia
| | - Jing-Long Han
- School of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China
| | - Wenzong Liu
- School of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, PR China
| | - Aijie Wang
- School of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, PR China.
| | - Awoke Guadie
- Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch 21, Ethiopia; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, PR China.
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12
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Bavumiragira JP, Ge J, Yin H. Fate and transport of pharmaceuticals in water systems: A processes review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 823:153635. [PMID: 35124044 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceuticals are globally consumed by humans and animals to support daily health and to treat disease. Following consumption, they may reach the aquatic environment either directly through the discharge of untreated wastewater to water bodies, or indirectly via treated wastewater as a result of their incomplete removal from wastewater treatment plants. This paper reviews the processes that control the occurrence and fate of pharmaceuticals in water systems, including sorption, photodegradation, hydrolysis and biodegradation. The degree to which these four processes occur is influenced by pharmaceutical types and their chemical structure as well as environmental factors such as sunlight, water depth, organic matter content, water chemistry, sediment properties, and type and abundance of microorganisms. Depending on the complex interactions of these factors, pharmaceutical compounds may be mineralized, partially degraded, or remain intact because they are resistant to degradation. Kinetic rate parameters and the half-life of a variety of pharmaceutical products are provided herein for the above processes under different environmental conditions. Usually, photodegradation and biodegradation represent dominant reaction processes, while hydrolysis only affects some pharmaceuticals, particularly antibiotics. The identified sorption and reaction rate parameters can be incorporated into a concise modeling framework to assess and predict longitudinal concentration profiles of pharmaceutical products in the manmade and natural systems, particularly when large amounts of pharmaceuticals are discharged during abnormal events such as a virus outbreak. Finally, future research is suggested, including the fate of transformed products (intermediates) in water systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Pierre Bavumiragira
- UNEP-Tongji Institute of Environment for Sustainable Development, Shanghai 200092, China; Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jia'ning Ge
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Hailong Yin
- UNEP-Tongji Institute of Environment for Sustainable Development, Shanghai 200092, China; Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
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13
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Wang X, Huang N, Wang J, Lu C, Li G, Li F, Hu Z, Bi X, Wu L, Tian Y. Occurrence and removal of 25 antibiotics during sewage treatment processes and potential risk analysis. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2022; 85:1800-1812. [PMID: 35358072 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2022.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence and removal of 25 antibiotics, including ten quinolones (QNs), four macrolides (MLs), four tetracyclines (TCs) and seven sulfonamides (SNs), were analysed at two sewage treatment plants (STPs) with different treatment units in Guangxi Province, China. The results showed that 14 and 16 antibiotics were detected in the influent of the two STPs, with concentrations ranging from 13.7-4265.2 ng/L and 14.5-10761.7 ng/L, respectively. Among the antibiotics, TCs were the main type in the study area, accounting for more than 79% of the total concentration of all antibiotics. The antibiotic removal efficiencies of the different process units ranged from -56.73% to 100.0%. It was found that the SN removal efficiency of the multistage composite mobile bed membrane bioreactor (MBBR) process was better than that of the continuous-flow Intermission biological reactor (IBR) process, while the IBR process was better than the MBBR process in terms of removing TCs and MLs; however, there was no obvious difference in the QN removal efficiencies of these two processes. Redundancy analysis (RDA) showed a strong correlation between antibiotic concentration and chemical oxygen demand (COD). Risk assessments indicated that algae, followed by invertebrates and fish, were the most sensitive aquatic organisms to the detected antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinting Wang
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China E-mail:
| | - Ning Huang
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Ecological and Environmental Monitoring Centre, Nanning 530028, PR China
| | - Jin Wang
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Ecological and Environmental Monitoring Centre, Nanning 530028, PR China
| | - Chunliu Lu
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China E-mail:
| | - Guangying Li
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China E-mail:
| | - Fang Li
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Ecological and Environmental Monitoring Centre, Nanning 530028, PR China
| | - Zaoshi Hu
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Ecological and Environmental Monitoring Centre, Nanning 530028, PR China
| | - Xiaoyu Bi
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Ecological and Environmental Monitoring Centre, Nanning 530028, PR China
| | - Lieshan Wu
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China E-mail:
| | - Yan Tian
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Ecological and Environmental Monitoring Centre, Nanning 530028, PR China
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14
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Anand U, Adelodun B, Cabreros C, Kumar P, Suresh S, Dey A, Ballesteros F, Bontempi E. Occurrence, transformation, bioaccumulation, risk and analysis of pharmaceutical and personal care products from wastewater: a review. ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS 2022; 20:3883-3904. [PMID: 35996725 PMCID: PMC9385088 DOI: 10.1007/s10311-022-01498-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Almost all aspects of society from food security to disease control and prevention have benefited from pharmaceutical and personal care products, yet these products are a major source of contamination that ends up in wastewater and ecosystems. This issue has been sharply accentuated during the coronavirus disease pandemic 2019 (COVID-19) due to the higher use of disinfectants and other products. Here we review pharmaceutical and personal care products with focus on their occurrence in the environment, detection, risk, and removal. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10311-022-01498-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uttpal Anand
- Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 84105 Beer-Sheva, Israel
- Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Midreshet Ben Gurion, 8499000, Israel
| | - Bashir Adelodun
- Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, University of Ilorin, PMB 1515, Ilorin, Nigeria
- Department of Agricultural Civil Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Carlo Cabreros
- Environmental Engineering Program, National Graduate School of Engineering, University of the Philippines, 1101 Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines
| | - Pankaj Kumar
- Agro-Ecology and Pollution Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology and Environmental Science, Gurukula Kangri (Deemed to Be University), Haridwar, Uttarakhand 249404 India
| | - S. Suresh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh 462 003 India
| | - Abhijit Dey
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, 86/1 College Street, Kolkata, West Bengal 700073 India
| | - Florencio Ballesteros
- Environmental Engineering Program, National Graduate School of Engineering, University of the Philippines, 1101 Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines
| | - Elza Bontempi
- INSTM and Chemistry for Technologies Laboratory, University of Brescia, Via Branze 38, 25123 Brescia, Italy
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15
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Xiao S, Lv S, Cheng Z, Hu C, Li P, Nan F, Liu X, Liu D, Zhou Z, Wang P. A Simple Method for the Determination of Pharmaceutical and Personal Care Products in Fish Tissue Based on Matrix Solid-Phase Dispersion. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:15738-15745. [PMID: 34930006 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c05232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A simple and effective pretreatment method based on matrix solid-phase dispersion was developed for the determination of pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) and their metabolites in fish by high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. The type and amount of dispersant, adsorbent, and eluting solvent were optimized by a single-factor experiment and Box-Behnken design. Under the optimal conditions with 2.5 g of Florisil as a dispersant, 500 mg of C18 as an adsorbent, and 5 mL of acetonitrile as an eluting solvent, the recoveries ranged from 70.4 to 99.9% with relative standard deviations less than 10.5%, and the limits of quantitation ranged from 0.13 to 1.01 μg/kg. The developed method was successfully applied to detect PPCPs in marketed fish, and five PPCPs, including triclocarban, sulfadiazine, sulfadimidine, sulfamethoxazole, and carbamazepine, were detected at trace levels. The proposed method, which has the advantages of short analysis time, less solvent consumption, and high sensitivity, can be used for the determination of trace PPCPs in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shouchun Xiao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, No. 2 West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Shengchen Lv
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, No. 2 West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Zheng Cheng
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, No. 2 West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Caiwei Hu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, No. 2 West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Pengxi Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, No. 2 West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Fang Nan
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, No. 2 West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Xueke Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, No. 2 West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Donghui Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, No. 2 West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhou
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, No. 2 West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Peng Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, No. 2 West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
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16
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Mathur P, Sanyal D, Callahan DL, Conlan XA, Pfeffer FM. Treatment technologies to mitigate the harmful effects of recalcitrant fluoroquinolone antibiotics on the environ- ment and human health. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 291:118233. [PMID: 34582925 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotic proliferation in the environment and their persistent nature is an issue of global concern as they induce antibiotic resistance threatening both human health and the ecosystem. Antibiotics have therefore been categorized as emerging pollutants. Fluoroquinolone (FQs) antibiotics are an emerging class of contaminants that are used extensively in human and veterinary medicine. The recalcitrant nature of fluoroquinolones has led to their presence in wastewater, effluents and water bodies. Even at a low concentration, FQs can stimulate antibacterial resistance. The main sources of FQ contamination include waste from pharmaceutical manufacturing industries, hospitals and households that ultimately reaches the wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). The conventional WWTPs are unable to completely remove FQs due to their chemical stability. Therefore, the development and implementation of more efficient, economical, convenient treatment and removal technologies are needed to adequately address the issue. This review provides an overview of the technologies available for the removal of fluoroquinolone antibiotics from wastewater including adsorptive removal, advanced oxidation processes, removal using non-carbon based nanomaterials, microbial degradation and enzymatic degradation. Each treatment technology is discussed on its merits and limitations and a comparative view is presented on the choice of an advanced treatment process for future studies and implementation. A discussion on the commercialization potential and eco-friendliness of each technology is also included in the review. The importance of metabolite identification and their residual toxicity determination has been emphasized. The last section of the review provides an overview of the policy interventions and regulatory frameworks that aid in retrofitting antibiotics as a central key focus contaminant and thereby defining the discharge limits for antibiotics and establishing safe manufacturing practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Purvi Mathur
- TERI-Deakin NanoBiotechnology Centre, Sustainable Agriculture Division, The Energy and Resources Institute, New Delhi, 110003, India; Deakin University, School of Life and Environmental Sciences (Burwood Campus), 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, VIC, 3125, Australia
| | - Doyeli Sanyal
- TERI-Deakin NanoBiotechnology Centre, Sustainable Agriculture Division, The Energy and Resources Institute, New Delhi, 110003, India; Amity University Punjab, IT City, Sector 82A, Mohali, 140308, India.
| | - Damien L Callahan
- Deakin University, School of Life and Environmental Sciences (Burwood Campus), 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, VIC, 3125, Australia
| | - Xavier A Conlan
- Deakin University, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, (Waurn Ponds Campus), 75 Pigdons Road, Locked Bag 20000, Geelong, VIC, 3220, Australia
| | - Frederick M Pfeffer
- Deakin University, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, (Waurn Ponds Campus), 75 Pigdons Road, Locked Bag 20000, Geelong, VIC, 3220, Australia
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Xu L, Zhang B, Hu Q, Liu Y, Shang T, Zeng X, Yu Z. Occurrence and spatio-seasonal distribution of organophosphate tri- and di-esters in surface water from Dongting Lake and their potential biological risk. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 282:117031. [PMID: 33831629 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this study, 24 surface water samples were collected from Dongting Lake, China, in the wet and dry seasons, then the concentrations, composition profiles and spatio-seasonal variations of nine organophosphate triesters (OPEs) and five organophosphate diesters (Di-OPs) were determined. Significantly higher total OPE concentrations (∑OPEs) were observed in the wet season (49.5-148 ng L-1) than in the dry season (5.00-45.7 ng L-1) suggesting higher input via tributaries discharge as well as wet deposition in the studied region. Whereas lower levels of TnBP and (triphenyl phosphate (TPHP) in wet season reflected their possible degradation under solar irradiation. Comparable levels of total Di-OPs (∑Di-OPs) were found in the wet season (3.41-13.9 ng L-1) and dry season (1.01-12.3 ng L-1). Tri(2-chloroethyl) phosphate and tris(2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate were the main OPE components, while diphenyl phosphate, di-n-butyl phosphate and bis(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate were the main Di-OP components. High levels of OPEs and Di-OPs were found in Datong Lake suggesting possible local emissions potentially related to fishery activity in the land-locked lake. Samples at river mouths to the lake also have higher levels of target OPEs and Di-OPs, the results disclosed obvious discharges from tributaries in Hunan Province. Negligible non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks were determined based on the measured concentrations in source waters. A limited ecological risk aquatic organisms in the Dongting Lake was identified, with most risk from TPHP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environment and Resources, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou, 510640, China; Jiangxi Academy of Environmental Sciences, Nanchang, 330039, China
| | - Biao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environment and Resources, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou, 510640, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Qiongpu Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environment and Resources, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China; Hangzhou PuYu Technology Development Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, 311305, China
| | - Yi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environment and Resources, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou, 510640, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ting Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environment and Resources, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China; Nanchang City Development and Reform Commission, Nanchang, 330000, China
| | - Xiangying Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environment and Resources, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
| | - Zhiqiang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environment and Resources, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou, 510640, China
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18
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Bisognin RP, Wolff DB, Carissimi E, Prestes OD, Zanella R. Occurrence and fate of pharmaceuticals in effluent and sludge from a wastewater treatment plant in Brazil. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2021; 42:2292-2303. [PMID: 31810406 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2019.1701561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A wide variety of pharmaceuticals are discharged in water courses on a daily basis due to their incomplete removal from effluent in treatment plants. The aim of the current study was to assess the occurrence, fate and removal of pharmaceuticals from effluent and sludge samples collected in the biggest sanitary sewer plant in Southern Brazil. In total, 13 pharmaceuticals were detected in the influent through UHPLC-MS/M - paracetamol and caffeine recorded the highest concentrations, 137.98 and 35.29 µg L-1, respectively. The treated effluent presented 11 compounds. Antibiotics were the class recording the widest diversity; metronidazole showed the lowest concentration (0.023 µg L-1) and sulfamethoxazole presented the highest concentration (1.374 µg L-1) in influent samples. Seven pharmaceuticals were absorbed by the sludge; among them, one finds caffeine, ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin, which were quantified both in the effluent and in the sludge. On the other hand, doxycycline, fenbendazole, norfloxacin and tetracycline were only detected in sludge samples - their concentrations ranged from 0.026 to 5.034 mg kg-1. Clindamycin, oxytetracycline, sulfathiazole and trimethoprim concentrations increased throughout the treatment. There were high paracetamol and caffeine removal rates (>97%), and it may have happened due to degradation, photodegradation or chemical reaction. Ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin removal rate exceeded 83% mainly due to their sorption by sludge. Finally, the mass balance analysis highlighted high pharmaceutical loads (511.466 g d-1) discharged into recipient waterbodies. This outcome demands broadening the removal of these pharmaceuticals from sewage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Delmira Beatriz Wolff
- Post-Graduate Program in Civil Engineering, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Elvis Carissimi
- Post-Graduate Program in Civil Engineering, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Brazil
| | | | - Renato Zanella
- LARP - Laboratory of Pesticide Residue Analysis, UFSM, Santa Maria, Brazil
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19
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Yang L, Wang T, Zhou Y, Shi B, Bi R, Meng J. Contamination, source and potential risks of pharmaceuticals and personal products (PPCPs) in Baiyangdian Basin, an intensive human intervention area, China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 760:144080. [PMID: 33348152 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The presence of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) has become a global concern, as it poses a threat to the environment, especially to the aquatic ecosystem. This study focused on 30 PPCPs found in the Baiyangdian basin of the Xiong'an New Area, in the core of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, with intensive human interventions during two seasons. In general, 30 PPCPs were all frequently detected, ranging from 42.3 to 7710 ng/L in May and 48.9 to 1300 ng/L in November. Sulfamethoxazole, ofloxacin, anhydro-erythromycin, carbamazepine, caffeine, and were screened as the predominant PPCPs. The rivers input was an essential source of PPCPs. The source apportionment with a series of analytical methods revealed that domestic sewage was the primary source, and untreated water also crucial for PPCPs contamination. The risk assessment suggested carbamazepine, caffeine, ofloxacin, and anhydro-erythromycin exhibited relatively high ecological risks for protecting most species such as algae, fish, and flowers in the aquatic ecosystem, especially near the outlet of WWTPs. Thus, management strategies for such PPCPs will be needed. Intensive human interventions, including a prohibition of fish breeding, water diversion project, and wastewater treatment in villages, were having an effective role in alleviating PPCPs contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Yang
- Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Tieyu Wang
- Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China.
| | - Yunqiao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Bin Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Ran Bi
- Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Jing Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
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20
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Checa-Artos M, Sosa del Castillo D, Vanegas ME, Ruiz-Barzola O, Barcos-Arias M. Remoción de cinco productos farmacéuticos catalogados como contaminantes emergentes en medio acuoso utilizando la especie vetiver (Chrysopogon zizanioides). BIONATURA 2021. [DOI: 10.21931/rb/2021.06.01.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Los productos farmacéuticos constituyen un grupo único de contaminantes emergentes de gran interés, debido a que se ha determinado su presencia frecuente en aguas superficiales, subterráneas y agua potable. Debido al metabolismo y la absorción incompletos en el organismo humano, una cantidad significativa de estos fármacos se excretan y liberan al ambiente a través de las aguas residuales. Por lo que el objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar el potencial de la especie vetiver (Chrysopogon zizanioides) para eliminar del medio acuoso cinco productos farmacéuticos comúnmente recetados y de venta libre como ciprofloxacina, ibuprofeno, sulfametaxazol, diclofenaco y acetaminofén. La especie fue aclimatada en invernado, donde se llevó a cabo los experimentos en condiciones controladas de temperatura y a un pH de 6,5. Las muestras fueron analizadas utilizando espectrofotometría UV-Vis para leer en forma directa las absorbancias de cada producto farmacéutico. Para el análisis estadístico de los datos se empleó la metodología de superficies de respuesta con el fin de encontrar los modelos que ayuden a determinar tiempos y concentraciones óptimas donde se maximiza la absorción de cada fármaco, así como la obtención de las pendientes de crecimiento para determinar hacia donde se deberá buscar el óptimo. Se utilizó el software estadístico R versión 3.6.0 y RStudio versión 1.1.453.
Los resultados obtenidos indican que C. zizanioides removió de manera más eficiente ciprofloxacina (98,3%) a una concentración de 3mg/L en un tiempo de 149h, seguido por ibuprofeno y diclofenaco con un máximo de remoción de 73,33% y sulfametaxazol con 66,53%, obteniéndose el menor porcentaje de remoción para acetaminofén de 38,49% a las 192h, donde se realizó toma de muestras cada 48 horas de las soluciones de cada fármaco a diferentes concentraciones (3 mg/L, 6 mg/L, 9 mg/L, 12 mg/L).
En este trabajo de investigación se demostró la capacidad removedora de Chrysopogon zizanioides de los cinco fármacos estudiados en medio acuoso en condiciones controladas, vislumbrando un gran potencial en el ámbito de la biotecnología ambiental para el tratamiento terciario de aguas residuales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Checa-Artos
- Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, FCV, Centro de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas del Ecuador, CIBE, Campus Gustavo Galindo Km 30.5 Vía Perimetral, ESPOL, Apartado Postal: 09-01-5863, Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | - Daynet Sosa del Castillo
- Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, FCV, Centro de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas del Ecuador, CIBE, Campus Gustavo Galindo Km 30.5 Vía Perimetral, ESPOL, Apartado Postal: 09-01-5863, Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | - María Eulalia Vanegas
- Centro de Estudios Ambientales, Departamento de Química Aplicada y Sistemas de Producción, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Cuenca, Av 12 de Abril y Agustín Cueva, Cuenca, Ecuador
| | - Omar Ruiz-Barzola
- Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, FCV, Centro de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas del Ecuador, CIBE, Campus Gustavo Galindo Km 30.5 Vía Perimetral, ESPOL, Apartado Postal: 09-01-5863, Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | - Milton Barcos-Arias
- Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, FCV, Centro de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas del Ecuador, CIBE, Campus Gustavo Galindo Km 30.5 Vía Perimetral, ESPOL, Apartado Postal: 09-01-5863, Guayaquil, Ecuador
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21
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Checa Artos M, Sosa del Castillo D, Ruiz Barzola O, Barcos-Arias M. Presencia de productos farmacéuticos en el agua y su impacto en el ambiente. BIONATURA 2021. [DOI: 10.21931/rb/2021.06.01.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Los productos farmacéuticos (PFs) constituyen un grupo importante de los contaminantes emergentes (CE), debido a su potencial para inducir efectos fisiológicos adversos a bajas concentraciones en humanos y animales. Muchos estudios alrededor del mundo han reportado la presencia de un sin número de estos compuestos en diferentes medios acuáticos, lo que genera preocupación por los posibles efectos negativos que se producen en el agua, en la salud humana y la vida silvestre. En este contexto, este artículo tiene por objetivo presentar una revisión de los aspectos más relevantes sobre la presencia de PFs en el agua en un ámbito global desde el año 2010 hasta el 2019. El mayor número de estudios reportan presencia de contaminantes emergentes incluyendo fármacos de diferentes tipos en aguas superficiales, aguas subterráneas, aguas residuales y agua potable. Las principales fuentes de ingreso de fármacos en los sistemas acuáticos provienen de las aguas residuales que recogen aguas domésticas, efluentes hospitalarios y efluentes de fábricas sin tratamiento o inadecuadamente tratadas antes de ser liberadas a ríos y mares. La presencia de PFs en el ambiente acuático preocupa por su persistencia, la bioacumulación, la toxicidad y la generación de resistencia a antibióticos de muchos microorganismos, entre otras consecuencias aún no estudiadas en el ambiente.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Checa Artos
- Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, FCV, Centro de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas del Ecuador, CIBE, Campus Gustavo Galindo Km 30.5 Vía Perimetral, ESPOL, Apartado Postal: 09-01-5863, Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | - Daynet Sosa del Castillo
- Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, FCV, Centro de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas del Ecuador, CIBE, Campus Gustavo Galindo Km 30.5 Vía Perimetral, ESPOL, Apartado Postal: 09-01-5863, Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | - Omar Ruiz Barzola
- Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, FCV, Centro de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas del Ecuador, CIBE, Campus Gustavo Galindo Km 30.5 Vía Perimetral, ESPOL, Apartado Postal: 09-01-5863, Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | - Milton Barcos-Arias
- Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, FCV, Centro de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas del Ecuador, CIBE, Campus Gustavo Galindo Km 30.5 Vía Perimetral, ESPOL, Apartado Postal: 09-01-5863, Guayaquil, Ecuador
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22
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Ying J, Qin X, Zhang Z, Liu F. Removal of lincomycin from aqueous solution by birnessite: kinetics, mechanism, and effect of common ions. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:3590-3600. [PMID: 32920688 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10766-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The removal of lincomycin (LIN) from aqueous solution by birnessite was investigated by batch experiments. When the dosage of birnessite is 500 mg L-1 and the initial concentration of LIN is 15.5 μmol L-1, more than 90% of LIN was removed within 240 min at pH 4.90. Under different conditions, the reactions were well fitted with the second-order model (R2 > 0.95). The removal kinetics and the reaction mechanism were described. The presence of cations (e.g., K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Fe2+, and Mn2+) inhibited the removal of LIN by birnessite, following the order: Mn2+ > Fe2+ > Ca2+ > Mg2+ > K+ ≈ Na+, due to the sorption of cations on birnessite, companying with the electron transfer and precipitation of oxides (for Mn2+ and Fe2+). The addition of Cu2+, SO42-, or NO3- improved the reactions. The presence of Cu2+ could oxidize antibiotics, and the repulsion between SO42-or NO3- and birnessite might disperse the birnessite suspensions during the reactions. Mn(IV) and Mn(III) were the core Mn species that play an important role in LIN removal. These findings will help to understand the removal process of LIN and illustrate the influence of cations and anions on the removal of similar pollutants by birnessite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaolong Ying
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaopeng Qin
- Department of Technology Assessment, Technical Centre for Soil, Agricultural and Rural Ecology and Environment, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing, 100012, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhanhao Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China.
- MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China.
- School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China.
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23
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Zhang B, Xu L, Hu Q, Zeng X, Yu Z. Occurrence, spatiotemporal distribution and potential ecological risks of antibiotics in Dongting Lake, China. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2020; 192:804. [PMID: 33263891 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-020-08761-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the occurrence and distribution of 18 antibiotics in surface water from Dongting Lake, as well as in influents and effluents from a municipal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) and a swine farm. The total concentrations of target antibiotics in surface water ranged from limit of quantification to 3107 and 5.32-107 ng L-1 in the dry season and wet season, respectively. Among these studied antibiotics, ciprofloxacin (CIP) and lomefloxacin were as the main components in the dry season, while CIP, oxytetracycline, and chlortetracycline were the main components in the wet season. The concentrations of target compounds exhibited obvious temporal-spatial variation characteristic in the studied region, suggesting their different emission sources related to pig breeding, aquaculture, and human activities, as well as possible degradation in the aquatic system. We estimated that the daily total input and output masses of antibiotics in the influent and effluent from the swine farm were 12.1 mg d-1 pig-1 and 7.49 μg d-1 pig-1, while they were 103 μg d-1 inhabitant-1 and 22.9 μg d-1 inhabitant-1 in the WWTP. The risk assessment results indicated that CIP posed a moderate or high risk to algae in most locations in Dongting Lake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Liang Xu
- Jiangxi Academy of Environmental Science, Nanchang, 330029, China
| | - Qiongpu Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- Hangzhou PuYu Technology Development Co.,Ltd, Hangzhou, 311305, China
| | - Xiangying Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
| | - Zhiqiang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
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24
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Xu R, Qin W, Tian Z, He Y, Wang X, Wen X. Enhanced micropollutants removal by nanofiltration and their environmental risks in wastewater reclamation: A pilot-scale study. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 744:140954. [PMID: 32755784 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The emerging contaminants, in particular pharmaceuticals and personal care products and environmental estrogens, have been received global concerns in recent years. Nanofiltration (NF) as an advanced tertiary treatment technology can be a reliable and potential tool for micropollutants removal. However, the influence of operation conditions of NF system to micropollutants rejections in an engineering application, is still lacking. Here, a pilot-scale NF system was set up to investigate its removal efficiencies to 49 micropollutants under different operation conditions by treating actual municipal wastewater. The results showed that the rejections of positively and neutrally charged micropollutants with molecular weight higher than 250 g mol-1 were both higher than 80%. Besides, most negatively charged micropollutants were also rejected higher than 80% under different operation conditions. The rejections of most micropollutants increased with temperature decreased from 25 °C to 13 °C, which was primarily ascribed to decrease of pore size of NF membrane at low temperature. Compared with the water recovery rate of 80%, lower rejections of micropollutants were observed with lower water recovery rate of 60%. Except for sulfamethoxazole, the risk quotients of other detected 20 micropollutants in NF effluent were all lower than 1.0, showing medium or no risks to aquatic organisms. This study might aid understanding the performance of micropollutants rejections by NF in actual engineering application and could give guideline to the implementation of NF technology in future advanced treatment processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Xu
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Qin
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Zeshen Tian
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan He
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaomao Wang
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xianghua Wen
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
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25
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Muriuki C, Kairigo P, Home P, Ngumba E, Raude J, Gachanja A, Tuhkanen T. Mass loading, distribution, and removal of antibiotics and antiretroviral drugs in selected wastewater treatment plants in Kenya. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 743:140655. [PMID: 32659557 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The discharge of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) into the aquatic environment from wastewater effluents is a concern in many countries. Although many studies have been conducted to evaluate the APIs removal efficiencies and emissions to the environment in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), most of these studies considered the aqueous and sludge phases, disregarding the suspended particulate matter (SPM) phase. To try to understand the role of the SPM, the occurrence of five most common antibiotics and three antiretroviral drugs (ARVDs) commonly used in Kenya were investigated in this study. APIs partitioning and mass loading in influents and effluents of three different WWTPs: trickling filters, stabilization ponds, and decentralized fecal sludge system, were evaluated. API concentration levels ranging from ˂LOQ (limit of quantification) to 92 μgL-1 and ˂LOQ to 82.2 mgkg-1 were observed in aqueous samples and solid samples respectively, with SPM accounting for most of the higher concentrations. The use of the aqueous phase alone for determination of removal efficiencies showed underestimations of API removal as compared to when solid phases are also considered. Negative removal efficiencies were observed, depending on the compound and the type of WWTP. The negative removals were associated with deconjugation of metabolites, aggregated accumulation of APIs in the WWTPs, as well as unaccounted hydraulic retention time during sampling. Compound characteristics, environmental factors, and WWTPs operation influenced WWTPs removal efficiencies. Wastewater stabilization ponds had the poorest removals efficiencies with an average of -322%. High total mass loads into the WWTPs influent and effluent of 22,729 and 22,385 mg day-1 1000 PE-1 were observed respectively. The results aims at aiding scientists and engineers in planning and designing of WWTPs. Findings also aim at aiding policy-making on pharmaceutical drug use and recommend proper wastewater management practices to manage the high mass loading observed in the WWTPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Muriuki
- Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Department of Soil, Water and Environmental Engineering, P.O. Box 62000-00200, Nairobi, Kenya.
| | - Pius Kairigo
- University of Jyvaskyla, Department of Biological and Environmental Science, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014, Finland
| | - Patrick Home
- Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Department of Soil, Water and Environmental Engineering, P.O. Box 62000-00200, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Elijah Ngumba
- Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Department of Chemistry, P.O. Box 62000-00200, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - James Raude
- Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Department of Soil, Water and Environmental Engineering, P.O. Box 62000-00200, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Anthony Gachanja
- Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Department of Chemistry, P.O. Box 62000-00200, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Tuula Tuhkanen
- University of Jyvaskyla, Department of Biological and Environmental Science, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014, Finland
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26
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Huang F, An Z, Moran MJ, Liu F. Recognition of typical antibiotic residues in environmental media related to groundwater in China (2009-2019). JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 399:122813. [PMID: 32937691 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The potential adverse environmental and health-related impacts of antibiotics are becoming more and more concerning. China is globally the largest antibiotic producer and consumer, possibly resulting in the ubiquity and high detection levels of antibiotics in environmental compartments. Clear status on the concentration levels and spatial distribution of antibiotic contamination in China's environment is necessary to gain insight into the establishment of legal and regulatory frameworks. This study collects information from over 170 papers reporting the occurrence and distribution of antibiotics in China's environment. A total of 110 antibiotics were detected, and 28 priority antibiotics were ubiquitous in China in almost all compartments of the environment, excluding the atmosphere. Seven dominant antibiotics in all environment compartments were identified by cluster analysis, including tetracycline, oxytetracycline, chlortetracycline, ofloxacin, enrofloxacin, norfloxacin, and ciprofloxacin. Meanwhile, sulfamethoxazole, sulfadiazine, and sulfamethazine were also frequently found in aqueous phases. Among the main basins where antibiotics were detected, the Haihe River Basin had higher median antibiotic concentrations in surface water compared to other basins, while the Huaihe River Basin had higher median concentrations in sediment. The median values of antibiotic concentrations in the sources were as follows: animal manure, 39 μg/kg (microgram per kilogram); WWTP (wastewater treatment plant) sludge, 39 μg/kg; animal wastewater, 156 ng/L (nanogram per liter); WWTP effluent: 15 ng/L. These concentrations are 1 - 2 orders of magnitude higher than that of the receptors (soil, 2.1 μg/kg; sediment, 4.7 μg/kg; surface water, 8.1 ng/L; groundwater, 2.9 ng/L), whether in solid or aqueous phases. Based on the number of detected antibiotics in various environmental compartments, animal farms and WWTPs are the main sources of antibiotics, and surface water and sediment are the main receptors of antibiotics. Hierarchical clustering identified the two main pathways of antibiotic transfer in various environmental compartments, which are from animal wastewater/WWTP effluent to surface water/sediment and from animal manure/WWTP sludge to soil/groundwater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuyang Huang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, PR China
| | - Ziyi An
- MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, PR China; National Research Center for Geoanalysis, Beijing, PR China
| | - Michael J Moran
- U.S. Geological Survey, Southwest Biological Science Center, Grand Canyon Monitoring and Research Center, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA.
| | - Fei Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, PR China.
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27
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Chen M, Ren L, Qi K, Li Q, Lai M, Li Y, Li X, Wang Z. Enhanced removal of pharmaceuticals and personal care products from real municipal wastewater using an electrochemical membrane bioreactor. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 311:123579. [PMID: 32473522 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A novel electrochemical membrane bioreactor (EMBR) was developed for enhancing PPCPs removal from real municipal wastewater. Compared to the control MBR (CMBR) without applying electric field, EMBR exhibited higher removal efficiencies for 14 PPCPs among all investigated PPCPs, including 3 fluoroquinolones, 2 macrolides, 6 sulfonamides and 3 anti-inflammatory drugs, while no significant difference was observed for the rest 8 PPCPs. The enhanced removal of 14 PPCPs was mainly attributed to electrooxidation by the direct anodic oxidation and reactive oxygen species-mediated indirect oxidation. Moreover, membrane fouling rates of EMBR (0.55 ± 0.10 kPa/d) were significantly reduced compared with CMBR (0.99 ± 0.09 kPa/d). Microbial activities and community analyses demonstrated that the applied electric field had no noticeable adverse impact on microbial viabilities, richness and diversity. These findings demonstrated that this EMBR enhanced pollutant removal and mitigated membrane fouling simultaneously, highlighting the potential of the novel technology to be used for removing PPCPs from wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Lehui Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Kangquan Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Putuo District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Miaoju Lai
- Putuo District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xuesong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Zhiwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China; International Joint Research Center for Sustainable Urban Water System, Shanghai 200092, China.
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28
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Li S, Ao X, Li C, Lu Z, Cao W, Wu F, Liu S, Sun W. Insight into PPCP degradation by UV/NH 2Cl and comparison with UV/NaClO: Kinetics, reaction mechanism, and DBP formation. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 182:115967. [PMID: 32721700 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.115967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The UV/NH2Cl process is an emerging advanced oxidation process (AOP) that is greatly effective in degrading pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs). However, detailed information regarding the process is lacking. The degradation of ibuprofen (IBP, an electron-withdrawing PPCP) and naproxen (NPX, an electron-donating PPCP) in UV/NH2Cl and UV/NaClO processes was performed to investigate the applicability and security of the UV/NH2Cl process and compare with those of UV/NaClO. UV/NH2Cl was effective in degrading both IBP and NPX and the degradation followed pseudo-first order kinetics (kIBP = 0.0037 cm2/mJ and kNPX = 0.0044 cm2/mJ). This indicated the broad applicability of UV/NH2Cl to different kinds of PPCPs. Ranges of values of UV intensity (0.3-1.0 mW/cm2) and pH (6.0-8.0) showed little effect on the degradation of PPCPs by UV/NH2Cl based on UV Dose but HCO3- (2-8 mM), natural organic matter (NOM, 2-8 mg/L), and the natural water matrixes were inhibitory. Increasing the dosage of NH2Cl from 0.15 mM to 0.75 mM, resulted in an even increase of kIBP; however, kNPX increased slowly after 0.3 mM NH2Cl. Mechanism experiments involving nitrobenzene showed that •OH was the major radical involved in degrading IBP and NPX via UV/NH2Cl. The electron spin resonance spectroscopy and kinetic modeling results also indicated the larger amount of •OH and weaker reactive chlorine species (mainly ClO• and ClO2•) in UV/NH2Cl compared with UV/NaClO. Compared to UV/NaClO in synthetic and natural water, UV/NH2Cl was a more stable degrader with little pH- and substrate-dependence, while UV/NaClO preferred degrading the electron-donating PPCP and at low pH. The UV/NH2Cl produced less halogenated disinfection byproducts (DBPs) (even nitrogenous DBPs) and was less cytotoxic theoretically than UV/NaClO based on the DBPs included in this study. Thus UV/NH2Cl process may be an effective AOP for water treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simiao Li
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xiuwei Ao
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Chen Li
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Zedong Lu
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Wenfeng Cao
- Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, China
| | - Fangfang Wu
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Shuming Liu
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Wenjun Sun
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
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29
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Coupling Persulfate-Based AOPs: A Novel Approach for Piroxicam Degradation in Aqueous Matrices. WATER 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/w12061530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The activated persulfate degradation of piroxicam, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) belonging to oxicams, was investigated. Persulfate was activated with thermal energy or (UV-A and simulated solar) irradiation. Using 250 mg/L sodium persulfate at 40 °C degraded almost completely 0.5 mg/L of piroxicam in 30 min. Increasing piroxicam concentration from 0.5 to 4.5 mg/L decreased its removal. The observed kinetic constant was increased almost ten times from 0.077 to 0.755 min−1, when the temperature was increased from 40 to 60 °C, respectively. Process efficiency was enhanced at pH 5–7. At ambient conditions and 30 min of irradiation, 94.1% and 89.8% of 0.5 mg/L piroxicam was removed using UV-A LED or simulated solar radiation, respectively. Interestingly, the use of simulated sunlight was advantageous over UV-A light for both secondary effluent, and 20 mg/L of humic acid solution. Unlike other advanced oxidation processes, the presence of bicarbonate or chloride in the range 50–250 mg/L enhanced the degradation rate, while the presence of humic acid delayed the removal of piroxicam. The use of 0.5 and 10 g/L of methanol or tert-butanol as radical scavengers inhibited the reaction. The coupling of thermal and light activation methods in different aqueous matrices showed a high level of synergy. The synergy factor was calculated as 68.4% and 58.4% for thermal activation (40 °C) coupled with either solar light in 20 mg/L of humic acid or UV-A LED light in secondary effluent, respectively.
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30
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Liu X, Liang C, Liu X, Zhao F, Han C. Occurrence and human health risk assessment of pharmaceuticals and personal care products in real agricultural systems with long-term reclaimed wastewater irrigation in Beijing, China. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 190:110022. [PMID: 31865205 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.110022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Reclaimed wastewater (RW) is increasingly used to irrigate agricultural land and to alleviate agricultural water shortages worldwide. This usage has resulted in concerns about soil contamination by pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) and the human health risks associated with dietary crop intake. In this study, we systematically analysed the occurrence and accumulation of 11 PPCPs and one active metabolite in soils and various crops (cucumber, eggplant, long bean and wheat) from realistic RW irrigation fields with different irrigation histories (20, 30 and 40 years) in Beijing and evaluated the human health risks associated with the consumption of these crops. The 11 PPCPs and one active metabolite were detected at concentrations ranging from 0.67 to 22.92 ng L-1 in RW, 0.029-28.13 μg kg-1 in irrigated soil, and <0.01-28.01 μg kg-1 in crops. The concentrations of N4-acetyl-sulfamethoxazole and triclosan were higher than those of other PPCPs, with respective concentrations of 14.39-31.44 ng L-1 and 15.93-26.23 ng L-1 in RW, 10.92-23.29 μg kg-1 and 20.22-28.13 μg kg-1 in irrigated soil and 17.92-28.01 μg kg-1 and 8.92-14.91 μg kg-1 in crops. However, the estimated threshold of toxicological concern (TTC) and hazard quotient (HQ) values revealed that the concentrations of N4-acetyl-sulfamethoxazole and triclosan in crops irrigated with RW should be considered a de minimis risk to human health. The concentrations of 11 PPCPs and one active metabolite in soils and crops and the calculated fruit bioconcentration factors (BCFs) did not display obvious increases associated with the duration of RW irrigation in real agricultural systems (P > 0.05). The concentrations of the studied PPCPs in the RW used for irrigation followed different patterns from the concentrations detected in the irrigated soils and crops. Although the concentrations of sulfamethoxazole, sulfisoxazole, sulfamethazine and trimethoprim in RW were higher than those of many other studied PPCPs, their respective values in the irrigated soils and crops did not display a similar tendency. The uptake and accumulation of PPCPs varied among the crop species (P < 0.05). Although PPCPs were detected in eggplant, long bean and wheat (BCFs: not applicable-1.67, 0.03-1.35 and 0.01-5.01, respectively), PPCPs accumulated at increased levels in cucumber (BCFs 0.03-18.98). The estimated TTC and HQ values showed that the consumption of crops irrigated long-term with RW presents a de minimis risk to human health. However, further studies with more PPCPs and additional crop species need to be conducted, the synergistic effects of chemical mixtures of multiple PPCPs and the toxic effects of PPCP metabolites should be elucidated to obtain more reliable information on the safety of wastewater reuse for irrigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianjing Liu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology, Beijing, 102617, China; School of Environmental and Energy Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Cunzhen Liang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology, Beijing, 102617, China.
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- State Environmental Protection Scientific Observation and Research Station for Lake Dongtinghu (SEPSORSLD), National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria an Risk Assessment, Research Centre of Lake Environment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China; School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Fei Zhao
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology, Beijing, 102617, China
| | - Chao Han
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology, Beijing, 102617, China
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Mao H, Li H, Li Y, Li L, Yin L, Yang Z. Four typical personal care products in a municipal wastewater treatment plant in China: Occurrence, removal efficiency, mass loading and emission. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 188:109818. [PMID: 31689659 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence, removal efficiency, mass loading and environmental emission of four categories (benzotriazoles; parabens; antimicrobials; benzophenones) of personal care products were simultaneously determined along the whole process line through an integrated approach (involving both dissolved and adsorbed phase) at a typical wastewater treatment plant in Hunan Province, Southern China. The results showed the prevalence of 13 and 11 target compounds in wastewater and suspended particulate matter, respectively. Twelve substances were detected in the sludge with the mean concentrations ranging from 0.12 to 591.23 ng/g dry weight. Benzotriazoles were the dominant compounds existing in water and antimicrobials were readily being absorbed onto suspended particulate matter and sludge. The overall removal efficiencies of compounds in the total treatment were -84.06%-98.53%. Mass balance results revealed that 85.17%-98.73% of the parabens and benzophenones were removed by degradation, while antimicrobials were removed by being adsorbed onto sludge. However, benzotriazoles could not be efficiently removed and the mass loss was lower than 61.03%. Although ultraviolet radiation played a limited role in removing most target compounds, it still had an impact on removing antimicrobials, 5,6-dimethyl-1H-benzotriazole and 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone. The total mass loading and emission of personal care products were 506.35 mg/d/1000 people and 357.56 mg/d/1000 people, respectively. This work would help understand the removal approaches and real pollution of personal care products in the water environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyue Mao
- Center for Environment and Water Resources/College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, PR China; Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Water Environment and Agriculture Product Safety, PR China
| | - Haipu Li
- Center for Environment and Water Resources/College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, PR China; Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Water Environment and Agriculture Product Safety, PR China.
| | - Yue Li
- Center for Environment and Water Resources/College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, PR China; Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Water Environment and Agriculture Product Safety, PR China
| | - Lei Li
- Changsha Water Group Co., LTD, Changsha, 410015, PR China
| | - Ling Yin
- Changsha Water Group Co., LTD, Changsha, 410015, PR China
| | - Zhaoguang Yang
- Center for Environment and Water Resources/College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, PR China; Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Water Environment and Agriculture Product Safety, PR China.
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Park J, Kim C, Hong Y, Lee W, Chung H, Jeong DH, Kim H. Distribution and Removal of Pharmaceuticals in Liquid and Solid Phases in the Unit Processes of Sewage Treatment Plants. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17030687. [PMID: 31973074 PMCID: PMC7036819 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17030687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we analyzed 27 pharmaceuticals in liquid and solid phase samples collected from the unit processes of four different sewage treatment plants (STPs) to evaluate their distribution and behavior of the pharmaceuticals. The examination of the relative distributions of various categories of pharmaceuticals in the influent showed that non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) were the most dominant. While the relative distribution of antibiotics in the influent was not high (i.e., 3%–5%), it increased to 14%–30% in the effluent. In the four STPs, the mass load of the target pharmaceuticals was reduced by 88%–95% mainly in the biological treatment process, whereas the ratio of pharmaceuticals in waste sludge to those in the influent (w/w) was only 2%. In all the STPs, the removal efficiencies for the stimulant caffeine, NSAIDs (acetaminophen, naproxen, and acetylsalicylic acid), and the antibiotic cefradine were high; they were removed mainly by biological processes. Certain compounds, such as the NSAID ketoprofen, contrast agent iopromide, lipid regulator gemfibrozil, and antibiotic sulfamethoxazole, showed varying removal efficiencies depending on the contribution of biodegradation and sludge sorption. In addition, a quantitative meta-analysis was performed to compare the pharmaceutical removal efficiencies of the biological treatment processes in the four STPs, which were a membrane bioreactor (MBR) process, sequencing batch reactor (SBR) process, anaerobic–anoxic–oxic (A2O) process, and moving-bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) process. Among the biological processes, the removal efficiency was in the order of MBR > SBR > A2O > MBBR. Among the tertiary treatment processes investigated, powdered activated carbon showed the highest removal efficiency of 18%–63% for gemfibrozil, ibuprofen, ketoprofen, atenolol, cimetidine, and trimethoprim.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junwon Park
- Department of Environmental Infrastructure Research, National Institute of Environmental Research, Ministry of Environment, 42 Hwangyeong-ro, Seo-gu, Incheon 22689, Korea; (J.P.); (C.K.); (W.L.); (H.C.)
| | - Changsoo Kim
- Department of Environmental Infrastructure Research, National Institute of Environmental Research, Ministry of Environment, 42 Hwangyeong-ro, Seo-gu, Incheon 22689, Korea; (J.P.); (C.K.); (W.L.); (H.C.)
| | - Youngmin Hong
- Technical Research Center, Shimadzu Scientific Korea, 145 Gasan digital 1-ro, Geumcheon-gu, Seoul 08056, Korea;
| | - Wonseok Lee
- Department of Environmental Infrastructure Research, National Institute of Environmental Research, Ministry of Environment, 42 Hwangyeong-ro, Seo-gu, Incheon 22689, Korea; (J.P.); (C.K.); (W.L.); (H.C.)
| | - Hyenmi Chung
- Department of Environmental Infrastructure Research, National Institute of Environmental Research, Ministry of Environment, 42 Hwangyeong-ro, Seo-gu, Incheon 22689, Korea; (J.P.); (C.K.); (W.L.); (H.C.)
| | - Dong-Hwan Jeong
- Department of Environmental Infrastructure Research, National Institute of Environmental Research, Ministry of Environment, 42 Hwangyeong-ro, Seo-gu, Incheon 22689, Korea; (J.P.); (C.K.); (W.L.); (H.C.)
- Correspondence: (D.-H.J.); (H.K.)
| | - Hyunook Kim
- Department of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, 163 Seoulsiripdaero, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02054, Korea
- Correspondence: (D.-H.J.); (H.K.)
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Korzeniewska E, Harnisz M. Sources, Occurrence, and Environmental Risk Assessment of Antibiotics and Antimicrobial-Resistant Bacteria in Aquatic Environments of Poland. THE HANDBOOK OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-12139-6_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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Chen L, Li H, Liu Y, Cui Y, Li Y, Yang Z. Distribution, residue level, sources, and phase partition of antibiotics in surface sediments from the inland river: a case study of the Xiangjiang River, south-central China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:2273-2286. [PMID: 31776907 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06833-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In view of the increasing attention on antibiotic contamination and their scarce data in the inland river (especially for the sediment), the occurrence of 28 antibiotics in sediments from the Xiangjiang River was comprehensively analyzed, and 22 antibiotics were detected with a total concentration ranging from 4.07 to 2090 ng g-1. The residue was almost at a moderate or higher level in the aquatic environment around the world. Fluoroquinolones and tetracyclines were the dominant detected antibiotics, and the maximum total concentration could reach to 2085 ng g-1, though that in surface water was just 33.4 ng L-1. Oxytetracycline and chlortetracycline could be detected with high concentration in areas with lower population density. Usage profile of each antibiotic may be responsible for the spatial variation. Principal component analysis-multiple linear regression model indicated that direct discharge of domestic wastewater and livestock or aquaculture sewage could contribute 94.2% of the pollution. Redundancy analysis was used to screen out the environment variables, which were closely related to the pseudo-partitioning coefficients (Kd) of antibiotics in sediment and surface water for the first time, and showed that the Kd was correlated with sediment pH negatively and organic carbon, total phosphorus, and conductivity of the sediments positively. High sedimentary organic carbon was considered to promote the higher Kd in this river. This study would deepen the understanding of the occurrence of antibiotics in sediments from the inland rivers and provide scientific support for controlling the antibiotic contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leilei Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, People's Republic of China
- Center for Environment and Water Resources, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Water Environment and Agriculture Product Safety, Changsha, 410083, People's Republic of China
| | - Haipu Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, People's Republic of China.
- Center for Environment and Water Resources, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Water Environment and Agriculture Product Safety, Changsha, 410083, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yang Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, People's Republic of China
- Center for Environment and Water Resources, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Water Environment and Agriculture Product Safety, Changsha, 410083, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Cui
- Hydrology and Water Resource Bureau of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410083, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, People's Republic of China
- Center for Environment and Water Resources, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Water Environment and Agriculture Product Safety, Changsha, 410083, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaoguang Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, People's Republic of China.
- Center for Environment and Water Resources, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Water Environment and Agriculture Product Safety, Changsha, 410083, People's Republic of China.
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Wang H, Chang H, Zhang C, Wu F. Occurrence and mass balance of medium- and long-chain chlorinated paraffins in a municipal sewage treatment plant: Comparison to short-chain compounds. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 133:105273. [PMID: 31675557 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.105273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2019] [Revised: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Short-, medium-, and long-chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs, MCCPs, and LCCPs) are persistent in sediment and bioaccumulative in organisms in the coastal regions, and sewage treatment plants (STPs) play a crucial role in the control of emissions and risks of CPs in the aquatic environment. In this study, the occurrences of the three CP groups were simultaneously studied in a typical STP with anoxic/anaerobic/aerobic bioreactors as the core treatment units. MCCPs were the predominant CPs in wastewater samples tested, and SCCPs and LCCPs were in the similar concentrations. Proportions of LCCPs in solid samples increased steadily from 26% in influent to 53% in effluent, those of MCCPs decreased from 55% to 39%, while no obvious variations in the proportions (5.5-24%) of SCCPs were observed compared to the aqueous phase. The overall removal efficiencies were 93-97% for SCCPs, 75-89% for MCCPs, and 84-97% for LCCPs. A total of 50-67%, 25-64% and 55-92% of the initial mass loadings of SCCPs, MCCPs and LCCPs, respectively, were found in the dehydrated sludge, and 2.8-26% of the three CP groups were found in effluent. The removal pathway of three groups of CPs is dominated by sorption in the STP, especially for the longer chained and highly chlorinated CPs. Effluent discharge of STP is also an important source of CPs in the aqueous environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongping Wang
- Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, College of Environmental Sciences & Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Hong Chang
- Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, College of Environmental Sciences & Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Cunxu Zhang
- Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, College of Environmental Sciences & Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Fengchang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
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López-Pacheco IY, Silva-Núñez A, Salinas-Salazar C, Arévalo-Gallegos A, Lizarazo-Holguin LA, Barceló D, Iqbal HMN, Parra-Saldívar R. Anthropogenic contaminants of high concern: Existence in water resources and their adverse effects. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 690:1068-1088. [PMID: 31470472 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.07.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Existence of anthropogenic contaminants (ACs) in different environmental matrices is a serious and unresolved concern. For instance, ACs from different sectors, such as industrial, agricultural, and pharmaceutical, are found in water bodies with considerable endocrine disruptors potency and can damage the biotic components of the environment. The continuous ACs exposure can cause cellular toxicity, apoptosis, genotoxicity, and alterations in sex ratios in human beings. Whereas, aquatic organisms show bioaccumulation, trophic chains, and biomagnification of ACs through different entry route. These problems have been found in many countries around the globe, making them a worldwide concern. ACs have been found in different environmental matrices, such as water reservoirs for human consumption, wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs), groundwaters, surface waters, rivers, and seas, which demonstrate their free movement within the environment in an uncontrolled manner. This work provides a detailed overview of ACs occurrence in water bodies along with their toxicological effect on living organisms. The literature data reported between 2017 and 2018 is compiled following inclusion-exclusion criteria, and the obtained information was mapped as per type and source of ACs. The most important ACs are pharmaceuticals (diclofenac, ibuprofen, naproxen, ofloxacin, acetaminophen, progesterone ranitidine, and testosterone), agricultural products or pesticides (atrazine, carbendazim, fipronil), narcotics and illegal drugs (amphetamines, cocaine, and benzoylecgonine), food industry derivatives (bisphenol A, and caffeine), and personal care products (triclosan, and other related surfactants). Considering this threatening issue, robust detection and removal strategies must be considered in the design of WWTPs and DWTPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itzel Y López-Pacheco
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Campus Monterrey, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, CP 64849 Monterrey, N.L., Mexico
| | - Arisbe Silva-Núñez
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Campus Monterrey, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, CP 64849 Monterrey, N.L., Mexico
| | - Carmen Salinas-Salazar
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Campus Monterrey, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, CP 64849 Monterrey, N.L., Mexico
| | - Alejandra Arévalo-Gallegos
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Campus Monterrey, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, CP 64849 Monterrey, N.L., Mexico
| | - Laura A Lizarazo-Holguin
- Universidad de Antioquia, School of Microbiology, Cl. 67 #53 - 108, Medellín, Antioquia, Colombia
| | - Damiá Barceló
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, Barcelona 08034, Spain; ICRA, Catalan Institute for Water Research, University of Girona, Emili Grahit 101, Girona 17003, Spain; Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hafiz M N Iqbal
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Campus Monterrey, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, CP 64849 Monterrey, N.L., Mexico.
| | - Roberto Parra-Saldívar
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Campus Monterrey, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, CP 64849 Monterrey, N.L., Mexico.
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Krakkó D, Gombos E, Licul-Kucera V, Dóbé S, Mihucz VG, Záray G. Enhanced photolytic and photooxidative treatments for removal of selected pharmaceutical ingredients and their degradation products in water matrices. Microchem J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2019.104136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Kang YM, Kim MK, Kim T, Kim TK, Zoh KD. Occurrence and Fate of Micropollutants in Private Wastewater Treatment Facility (WTF) and Their Impact on Receiving Water. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2019; 64:650-660. [PMID: 31606773 DOI: 10.1007/s00267-019-01211-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the occurrence and removals of micropollutants in the sewage treatment tank (STT) which is a typical private wastewater treatment facility used in the rural communities in Korea, and their impact on receiving water. STTs were selected in eight provinces to examine the regional difference in the composition of micropollutant occurrence. We measured ten selected micropollutants in influents and effluents of STTs, as well as upstream and downstream of its receiving surface water. The dominant micropollutants in the influent of the STTs were caffeine (13,346 ng/L), acetaminophen (11,331 ng/L), ibuprofen (1440 ng/L), and naproxen (1313 ng/L), in agreement with the amounts produced annually in Korea. In the effluent, caffeine (1912 ng/L), acetaminophen (1586 ng/L), naproxen (475 ng/L), and ibuprofen (389 ng/L) were detected in relatively high concentrations. The composition of micropollutants in STT influents showed little regional variation by provinces, suggesting that the consumption pattern of these micropollutants did not show regional variation. The removal efficiencies of the selected micropollutants at the STTs ranged from 12% (carbamazepine) to 88% (acetaminophen), lower than typical removal by sewage treatment plants (STPs). This result is probably due to the automatic operation systems and simple treatment processes in STTs compared with STPs. The concentrations of selected micropollutants upstream of the receiving water were generally lower compared with those observed downstream, indicating that effluent from STTs was the main source. The per capita discharge loads of STTs and annual emissions rates (kg/year) from private wastewater treatment facilities were estimated for the selected micropollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Min Kang
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Moon-Kyung Kim
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
- Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Taeyeon Kim
- Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Tae-Kyoung Kim
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Kyung-Duk Zoh
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea.
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Teglia CM, Perez FA, Michlig N, Repetti MR, Goicoechea HC, Culzoni MJ. Occurrence, Distribution, and Ecological Risk of Fluoroquinolones in Rivers and Wastewaters. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2019; 38:2305-2313. [PMID: 31291022 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The use of fluoroquinolones for the treatment of infections in humans and animals has increased in Argentina, and they can be found in large amounts in water bodies. The present study investigated the occurrence and associated ecological risk of 5 fluoroquinolones in rivers and farm wastewaters of San Luis, Santa Fe, Córdoba, Entre Ríos, and Buenos Aires provinces of Argentina by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to fast-scanning fluorescence detection and ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to triple quadrupole mass spectrometry detection. The maximum concentrations of ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin, ofloxacin, enoxacin, and difloxacin found in wastewater were 1.14, 11.9, 1.78, 22.1, and 14.2 μg L-1 , respectively. In the case of river samples, only enrofloxacin was found, at a concentration of 0.97 μg L-1 . The individual risk of aquatic organisms associated with water pollution due to fluoroquinolones was higher in bacteria, cyanobacteria, algae, plants, and anurans than in crustaceae and fish, with, in some cases, risk quotients >1. The proportion of samples classified as high risk was 87.5% for ofloxacin, 63.5% for enrofloxacin, 57.1% for ciprofloxacin, and 25% for enoxacin. Our results suggest that the prevalence of fluoroquinolones in water could be potentially risky for the aquatic ecosystem, and harmful to biodiversity. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;38:2305-2313. © 2019 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla M Teglia
- Laboratorio de Desarrollo Analítico y Quimiometría, Cátedra de Química Analítica I, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria, Santa Fe, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Florencia A Perez
- Laboratorio de Desarrollo Analítico y Quimiometría, Cátedra de Química Analítica I, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Nicolás Michlig
- Programa de Investigación y Análisis de Residuos y Contaminantes Químicos, Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - María R Repetti
- Programa de Investigación y Análisis de Residuos y Contaminantes Químicos, Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Héctor C Goicoechea
- Laboratorio de Desarrollo Analítico y Quimiometría, Cátedra de Química Analítica I, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria, Santa Fe, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María J Culzoni
- Laboratorio de Desarrollo Analítico y Quimiometría, Cátedra de Química Analítica I, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria, Santa Fe, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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He Y, Wang T, Sun F, Wang L, Ji R. Effects of veterinary antibiotics on the fate and persistence of 17β-estradiol in swine manure. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2019; 375:198-205. [PMID: 31059989 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.04.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The fate and persistence of natural estrogens from livestock manure and the interactions of these compounds with veterinary antibiotics (VAs) have not been well studied. We therefore employed 14C-labeling to explore the mineralization, degradation, and residual distribution of 17β-estradiol (E2) in swine manure in the absence and presence of six categories of VAs at concentrations of 10 and 100 mg/kg. After 16 days of incubation, 94% of the E2 dissipated, of which 28% was mineralized to 14CO2, 18% was transformed into organic-extractable E1 (9%) and other unknown metabolites (9%), and 48% into non-extractable residues (NER). VAs inhibited, enhanced or had no effect on E2 mineralization or its degradation to E1 and other metabolites. Principal component analysis showed that the overall effect of VAs was not necessarily related to their physicochemical properties or concentrations. However, high doses of macrolides inhibited E2 mineralization in manure and increased the retention of E2 and its metabolites in both free and NER forms. Our study demonstrates that considerable amounts of E2 and NER are retained in manure, despite nearly complete mineralization. Thus, VAs administered to livestock may increase the persistence of natural estrogens in manure and, accordingly, the environmental risks posed by these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie He
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, 210023 Nanjing, China; Quanzhou Institute for Environment Protection Industry, Nanjing University, Beifeng Road, 362000 Quanzhou, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Ecology and Environment of Henan Province, 10 Xueli Road, 450046 Zhengzhou, China
| | - Feifei Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, 210023 Nanjing, China
| | - Lianhong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, 210023 Nanjing, China.
| | - Rong Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, 210023 Nanjing, China; Quanzhou Institute for Environment Protection Industry, Nanjing University, Beifeng Road, 362000 Quanzhou, China.
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Senta I, Kostanjevecki P, Krizman-Matasic I, Terzic S, Ahel M. Occurrence and Behavior of Macrolide Antibiotics in Municipal Wastewater Treatment: Possible Importance of Metabolites, Synthesis Byproducts, and Transformation Products. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:7463-7472. [PMID: 31244064 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b01420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
A one-year study on the occurrence and fate of macrolide antibiotics and their metabolites, synthesis byproducts, and transformation products (TPs) was performed in the wastewater treatment plant of the city of Zagreb (Croatia). The target compounds were found in all analyzed influent and effluent samples with the total concentrations of azithromycin-, clarithromycin-, and erythromycin-related compounds reaching up to 25, 12, and 0.25 μg/L, respectively. The most prominent individual constituents were the parent macrolides azithromycin and clarithromycin. However, a substantial contribution of their derivatives, formed by deglycolysation and microbial phosphorylation, was also detected. In addition, widespread presence of several linearized nontarget TPs was confirmed for the first time in real wastewater samples by suspect screening analysis. Complex characterization of macrolide-derived compounds enabled decoupling of industrial and therapeutic sources from the in situ transformations. Due to the high inputs and incomplete removal and/or formation of several TPs during the conventional wastewater treatment, the average mass load of azithromycin-related compounds in secondary effluents exceeded 3.0 g/day/1000 inhabitants. This is the first study to reveal the importance of metabolites, byproducts, and TPs for the overall mass balance of macrolide antibiotics in urban wastewater systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Senta
- Division for Marine and Environmental Research , Rudjer Boskovic Institute , Bijenicka c. 54 , 10000 Zagreb , Croatia
| | - Petra Kostanjevecki
- Division for Marine and Environmental Research , Rudjer Boskovic Institute , Bijenicka c. 54 , 10000 Zagreb , Croatia
| | - Ivona Krizman-Matasic
- Division for Marine and Environmental Research , Rudjer Boskovic Institute , Bijenicka c. 54 , 10000 Zagreb , Croatia
| | - Senka Terzic
- Division for Marine and Environmental Research , Rudjer Boskovic Institute , Bijenicka c. 54 , 10000 Zagreb , Croatia
| | - Marijan Ahel
- Division for Marine and Environmental Research , Rudjer Boskovic Institute , Bijenicka c. 54 , 10000 Zagreb , Croatia
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43
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Krakkó D, Licul-Kucera V, Záray G, Mihucz VG. Single-run ultra-high performance liquid chromatography for quantitative determination of ultra-traces of ten popular active pharmaceutical ingredients by quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry after offline preconcentration by solid phase extraction from drinking and river waters as well as treated wastewater. Microchem J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2019.04.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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44
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Sayen S, Rocha C, Silva C, Vulliet E, Guillon E, Almeida CMR. Enrofloxacin and copper plant uptake by Phragmites australis from a liquid digestate: Single versus combined application. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 664:188-202. [PMID: 30743112 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.01.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Application of anaerobically digested sludges and manure (digestates) to agricultural fields reduces the need for fertilizer application, but might also pose environmental risks due to the introduction of various pollutants -including metal trace elements and pharmaceuticals- to amended soils. The simultaneous presence of different contaminants can affect plant uptake, altering the performance of phytoremediation. This work aims to investigate and compare the single and combined effects of Enrofloxacin (Enro) and Cu on their plant uptake from digestate solutions. Plant uptake experiments were carried out by exposing, for 5 days, Phragmites australis to three different concentrations of a liquid digestate doped with Cu and/or Enro. Contaminant concentrations were afterward determined in both plant tissues and digestate solutions. Contaminant speciation in solution and Cu speciation in plant roots were also assessed. Cu plant uptake (mostly in plant roots, Cu concentration varied between 55 and 254 μg·g-1) was observed, especially at low concentration of digestate. At high digestate concentration, Cu uptake decreased due to the formation of Cu-DOC complexes rendering Cu less bioavailable. The presence of the antibiotic slightly further reduced Cu plant uptake due to the formation of Cu-Enro complexes. Plant roots also accumulated Enro, an accumulation also higher for the lowest concentration of digestate (an increase of 40%), and that slightly increased in the presence of Cu (up to 226 μg·g-1). However, proportion of free Enro in solution decreased (up to 70%) in the presence of Cu due to complexation. Cu speciation in plant roots confirmed the implication of the complexation in the uptake of Cu and Enro when they are simultaneously present in solution. Thus, the presence of amendments (such as digestates) increasing the DOC content, in addition to the interactions between contaminants, should be taken into account for field crop soils as well as for phytoremediation technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Sayen
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims (ICMR), UMR CNRS 7312, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, BP 1039, 51687 Reims Cedex 2, France.
| | - Cristina Rocha
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR/CIMAR), Universidade do Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, Matosinhos, Portugal; MARE-UC, Incubadora de Empresas da Figueira da Foz, Parque Industrial e Empresarial da Figueira da Foz (Laboratório MAREFOZ), Rua das Acácias Lote 40A, 3090-380 Figueira da Foz, Portugal
| | - Cristiana Silva
- MARE-UC, Incubadora de Empresas da Figueira da Foz, Parque Industrial e Empresarial da Figueira da Foz (Laboratório MAREFOZ), Rua das Acácias Lote 40A, 3090-380 Figueira da Foz, Portugal; Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 790, 4150-171 Porto, Portugal
| | - Emmanuelle Vulliet
- Université de Lyon, Institut des Sciences Analytiques, UMR 5280 CNRS, Université Lyon 1, ENS-Lyon, 5 rue de la Doua, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Emmanuel Guillon
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims (ICMR), UMR CNRS 7312, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, BP 1039, 51687 Reims Cedex 2, France
| | - C Marisa R Almeida
- MARE-UC, Incubadora de Empresas da Figueira da Foz, Parque Industrial e Empresarial da Figueira da Foz (Laboratório MAREFOZ), Rua das Acácias Lote 40A, 3090-380 Figueira da Foz, Portugal.
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Semreen MH, Shanableh A, Semerjian L, Alniss H, Mousa M, Bai X, Acharya K. Simultaneous Determination of Pharmaceuticals by Solid-phase Extraction and Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry: A Case Study from Sharjah Sewage Treatment Plant. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24030633. [PMID: 30754718 PMCID: PMC6385045 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24030633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The present work describes the optimization and validation of a highly selective and sensitive analytical method using solid phase extraction and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (SPE LC-MS/MS) for the determination of some frequently prescribed pharmaceuticals in urban wastewater received and treated by Sharjah sewage treatment plant (STP). The extraction efficiency of different SPE cartridges was tested and the simultaneous extraction of pharmaceuticals was successfully accomplished using hydrophilic-lipophilic-balanced reversed phase Waters® Oasis HLB cartridge (200 mg/ 6 mL) at pH 3. The analytes were separated on an Aquity BEH C18 column (1.7 µm, 2.1 mm × 150 mm) using gradient elution and mass spectrometric analysis were performed in multiple reactions monitoring (MRM) selecting two precursor ions to produce ion transition for each pharmaceutical using positive electrospray ionization (+ESI) mode. The correlation coefficient values in the linear calibration plot for each target compound exceeded 0.99 and the recovery percentages of the investigated pharmaceuticals were more than 84%. Limit of detection (LOD) varied between 0.1–1.5 ng/L and limit of quantification (LOQ) was 0.3–5 ng/L for all analytes. The precision of the method was calculated as the relative standard deviation (RSD%) of replicate measurements and was found to be in the ranges of 2.2% to 7.7% and 2.2% to 8.6% for inter and intra-day analysis, respectively. All of the obtained validation parameters satisfied the requirements and guidelines of analytical method validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad H Semreen
- College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Abdallah Shanableh
- Research Institute of Sciences and Engineering, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Lucy Semerjian
- College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Hasan Alniss
- College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Mouath Mousa
- Research Institute of Sciences and Engineering, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Xuelian Bai
- Desert Research Institute, 755 E Flamingo Rd, Las Vegas, NV 89119, United States.
| | - Kumud Acharya
- Desert Research Institute, 755 E Flamingo Rd, Las Vegas, NV 89119, United States.
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46
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Chen L, Lin H, Li H, Wang M, Qiu B, Yang Z. Influence of filtration during sample pretreatment on the detection of antibiotics and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in natural surface waters. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 650:769-778. [PMID: 30308852 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.08.437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Owing to the ease and effectiveness of removing suspended substances (SSs), filtration has become a universal pretreatment step during water sample preparation. However, it can lead to the underestimation of contaminants if the targets easily associate with the SSs or filters. For the first time, this study comprehensively assessed issues related to filtration for the accurate quantification of 35 typical pharmaceuticals, including 28 antibiotics and seven non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), in water samples by comparing the effects of different filter materials, preservatives, and water matrices on the recoveries. The results showed that some sulfonamides and NSAIDs had an affinity for nylon filters, whereas trimethoprim and macrolides were easily retained on mixed cellulose ester filters. The use of glass fiber filter (0.7 μm) resulted in improved recovery of all the targets. Acidification promoted the adsorption of fluoroquinolones, tylosin, and roxithromycin on SSs, whereas 5% methanol resulted in desorption of macrolides from the SSs and other pharmaceuticals (sulfadiazine, trimethoprim, etc.) from the solid-phase extraction cartridges. Without additional detection of targets adsorbed on the SSs and filters, the addition of appropriate surrogates prior to filtration can help correct the loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leilei Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, PR China
| | - Huiju Lin
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, PR China
| | - Haipu Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, PR China; Center for Environment and Water Resources, Central South University, Changsha 410083, PR China; Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Water Environment and Agriculture Product Safety, Changsha 410083, PR China.
| | - Mengmeng Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, PR China
| | - Bo Qiu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, PR China; Center for Environment and Water Resources, Central South University, Changsha 410083, PR China; Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Water Environment and Agriculture Product Safety, Changsha 410083, PR China
| | - Zhaoguang Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, PR China; Center for Environment and Water Resources, Central South University, Changsha 410083, PR China; Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Water Environment and Agriculture Product Safety, Changsha 410083, PR China.
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47
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Luo Z, Tu Y, Li H, Qiu B, Liu Y, Yang Z. Endocrine-disrupting compounds in the Xiangjiang River of China: Spatio-temporal distribution, source apportionment, and risk assessment. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 167:476-484. [PMID: 30368141 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.10.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs) were seasonally investigated in the surface water of the Xiangjiang River (south China) in order to understand their spatio-temporal distribution, source apportionment, and ecological risks. The occurrence of 21 EDCs were determined with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry in the water samples collected along the river over four seasons, and the results were statistically analyzed. The concentrations of progestagens, androgens, estrogens ranged from not detected (ND) to 98.3 ng L-1; while the concentrations of alkylphenols ranged from 0.8 to 3.1 × 103 ng L-1; and that of caffeine ranged from 0.1 to 49.8 ng L-1. The detection frequencies of bisphenol A, 4-tert-octylphenol, 4-n-nonylphenol, estrone, and 17β-estradiol were 95-100% during the four sampling campaigns. The seasonal and spatial variation trend of EDCs in the Xiangjiang River was noticeable. The concentration of EDCs in Yueyang section (downstream) was the highest in winter, while the concentration in Yongzhou (upstream) section was the lowest in spring. The concentration of EDCs in the Xiangjiang River was significantly correlated with the levels of the total organic carbon, water temperature, and dissolved oxygen. Source analysis indicated that untreated sewage was the major source of EDCs. Furthermore, the potential risks of EDCs in the surface water to aquatic organisms were assessed with the risk quotient method (European Commission, 2003), and the results indicated the highest ecological risk of 17β-estradiol in the Xiangjiang River.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhoufei Luo
- Center for Environment and Water Resources, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, PR China.
| | - Yi Tu
- Center for Environment and Water Resources, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, PR China.
| | - Haipu Li
- Center for Environment and Water Resources, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, PR China.
| | - Bo Qiu
- Center for Environment and Water Resources, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, PR China.
| | - Yang Liu
- Center for Environment and Water Resources, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, PR China.
| | - Zhaoguang Yang
- Center for Environment and Water Resources, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, PR China.
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48
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Mu Y, Huang C, Li H, Chen L, Zhang D, Yang Z. Electrochemical degradation of ciprofloxacin with a Sb-doped SnO2 electrode: performance, influencing factors and degradation pathways. RSC Adv 2019; 9:29796-29804. [PMID: 35531541 PMCID: PMC9071943 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra04860j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Sb-doped SnO2 electrodes were prepared with the practical sol–gel method and were used for the electrocatalytic degradation of ciprofloxacin (CIP) in aqueous solution. Results from the electrochemical characterization (including cyclic voltammetry, linear sweep voltammetry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy) showed that the electrode with 16 coating times (SSO-16) had the highest oxygen evolution potential of 2.2 V (vs. SCE) and the highest electrochemically active area of 3.74 cm2. The results of scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction showed that the coating times could affect the surface morphology and crystal structure of the electrodes, and the SSO-16 electrode had a denser surface, higher crystallinity, and smaller grain size (28.6 nm). Moreover, the experimental parameters for CIP degradation with SSO-16 were optimized, and the removal ratio of CIP reached to almost 100% within 60 min. In addition, the possible degradation pathways of CIP were proposed. And the stability and reusability of the SSO-16 electrode were also studied. These results are valuable for the preparation of high electrocatalytic performance electrodes by a sol–gel coating method for electrochemical degradation of antibiotics. Sb-doped SnO2 electrodes with different coating times were prepared by an optimum sol–gel method and the application on the electrocatalytic degradation of ciprofloxacin in aqueous solution were investigated.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanguang Mu
- Center for Environment and Water Resources
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Central South University
- Changsha 410083
- PR China
| | - Cong Huang
- Center for Environment and Water Resources
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Central South University
- Changsha 410083
- PR China
| | - Haipu Li
- Center for Environment and Water Resources
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Central South University
- Changsha 410083
- PR China
| | - Leilei Chen
- Center for Environment and Water Resources
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Central South University
- Changsha 410083
- PR China
| | - Ding Zhang
- Center for Environment and Water Resources
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Central South University
- Changsha 410083
- PR China
| | - Zhaoguang Yang
- Center for Environment and Water Resources
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Central South University
- Changsha 410083
- PR China
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49
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Lin H, Chen L, Li H, Luo Z, Lu J, Yang Z. Pharmaceutically active compounds in the Xiangjiang River, China: Distribution pattern, source apportionment, and risk assessment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 636:975-984. [PMID: 29729515 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.04.267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence of 36 pharmaceutically active compounds in surface water of the Xiangjiang River was investigated in two seasons (n = 38). Twenty-five of these compounds were detected, with cefotaxime (maximum concentration 830 ng L-1) the most abundant compound followed by amoxicillin (maximum concentration 710 ng L-1). The spatiotemporal distribution was observed; indicating that pollution hotspots were mostly located in economically developed and densely populated regions such as Changsha City. Lower concentrations were found in summer than winter, which may be attributed to the dilution effect of a flood event and higher water temperatures. The distribution of pharmaceuticals was significantly correlated with temperature and ammonia nitrogen content. A principal component analysis-multiple linear regression model estimated that domestic sewage was the main source of pharmaceuticals, although the source composition varied among different sampling sites. Risk assessment was conducted using both individual and mixture models for preliminary identification of potential hazards. Sulfamethoxazole, clarithromycin, and azithromycin posed a high risk to algae, while sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim, and erythromycin-H2O showed a medium risk to invertebrates. Moreover, the mixture risk quotients calculated using a concentration addition model ranged from 0.31 to 9.60 in winter, and from 0.06 to 0.61 in summer, indicating a potential risk to the aquatic environment. This study provides scientific support to policy-makers to establish contaminant management priorities and enriches the global data on emerging contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiju Lin
- Center for Environment and Water Resources, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, PR China
| | - Leilei Chen
- Center for Environment and Water Resources, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, PR China
| | - Haipu Li
- Center for Environment and Water Resources, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, PR China.
| | - Zhoufei Luo
- Center for Environment and Water Resources, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, PR China
| | - Jing Lu
- Center for Environment and Water Resources, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, PR China
| | - Zhaoguang Yang
- Center for Environment and Water Resources, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, PR China.
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50
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Coimbra RN, Escapa C, Otero M. Adsorption Separation of Analgesic Pharmaceuticals from Ultrapure and Waste Water: Batch Studies Using a Polymeric Resin and an Activated Carbon. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:E958. [PMID: 30960883 PMCID: PMC6403863 DOI: 10.3390/polym10090958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The performance of a polymeric resin (Sepabeads SP207, from Resindion, Binasco, Italy) was compared with that of an activated carbon (GPP20, from Chemviron Carbon, Feluy, Belgium) in the adsorption of acetaminophen and ibuprofen from either ultrapure or waste water. Kinetic and equilibrium adsorption experiments were carried out under batch operation conditions, and fittings of the obtained results to different models were determined. The kinetic experimental results fitted the pseudo-first and -second order equations, and the corresponding kinetic rates evidenced that the pharmaceuticals adsorption was faster onto GPP20 than onto Sepabeads SP207, but was mostly unaffected by the aqueous matrix. The equilibrium results fitted the Langmuir-Freundlich isotherm model. The corresponding maximum adsorption capacity (Qm, mg-1) was larger onto GPP20 (202 mg g-1 ≤ Qm ≤ 273 mg g-1) than onto the polymeric resin (7 mg g-1 ≤ Qm ≤ 18 mg g-1). With respect to the parameter KLF (mg g-1 (mg L-1)-1/n), which points to the adsorbent-adsorbate affinity, greater values were determined for the pharmaceuticals adsorption onto GPP20 than onto Sepabeads SP207. For both adsorbents and pharmaceuticals, neither Qm or KLF were affected by the aqueous matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo N Coimbra
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Physics, Institute of Environment, Natural Resources and Biodiversity (IMARENABIO), Universidad de León, 24001 León, Spain.
| | - Carla Escapa
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Physics, Institute of Environment, Natural Resources and Biodiversity (IMARENABIO), Universidad de León, 24001 León, Spain.
| | - Marta Otero
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), Department of Environment and Planning, University of Aveiro, 3800 Aveiro, Portugal.
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