1
|
Chen H, Wang Y, Liang H. The combined neurotoxicity of DBP and nano-TiO 2 in embryonic zebrafish (Danio rerio) revealed by oxidative activity, neuro-development genes expression and metabolomics changes. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2024; 269:106881. [PMID: 38430782 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2024.106881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Dibutyl phthalate (DBP) is a commonly used plasticizer that is frequently detected in water samples due to its widespread use. Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (n-TiO2) have been found to enhance the harmful effects of organic contaminants by increasing their bioavailability in aquatic environments. However, the combined toxic effects of DBP and n-TiO2 on aquatic organisms remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the neurotoxicity of DBP and n-TiO2 synergistic exposure during the early life stage of zebrafish. The results of the study revealed that co-exposure of DBP and n-TiO2 led to an increase in deformities and a significant reduction in the active duration of zebrafish larvae. Furthermore, the co-exposure of DBP and n-TiO2 resulted in elevated levels of oxidative stress and altered gene expression related to neurodevelopment and apoptosis. Notably, n-TiO2 exacerbated the oxidative damage and apoptosis induced by DBP alone exposure. Additionally, co-exposure of the 1.0 mg/L DBP and n-TiO2 significantly affected the expression of genes associated with neurodevelopment. Moreover, disturbances in amino acid metabolism and interference with lipid metabolism were observed as a result of DBP and n-TiO2 co-exposure. In general, n-TiO2 aggravated the neurotoxicity of DBP in the early life stage of zebrafish by increasing oxidative stress, apoptosis, and disrupting amino acid synthesis and lipid metabolism. Therefore, it is essential to consider the potential risks caused by DBP and nanomaterials co-existence in the aquatic environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haiyue Chen
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control & Waste Resource Reuse, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, The Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Hohhot College Road No. 235, Hohhot, 010021, China
| | - Yingjia Wang
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control & Waste Resource Reuse, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, The Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Hohhot College Road No. 235, Hohhot, 010021, China
| | - Hongwu Liang
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control & Waste Resource Reuse, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, The Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Hohhot College Road No. 235, Hohhot, 010021, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ko MY, Park H, Chon S, Lee B, Cha S, Hyun S, Ka M. Prenatal Di-methoxyethyl phthalate exposure impairs cortical neurogenesis and synaptic activity in the mice. Brain Pathol 2024; 34:e13221. [PMID: 37903655 PMCID: PMC10901619 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.13221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Di-methoxyethyl phthalate (DMEP) is a well-known environmentally prevalent endocrine disruptor and may be associated with neurodevelopmental disorders including attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder and intellectual disability. However, the regulatory mechanisms leading to these neurodevelopmental disorders are still poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that prenatal DMEP exposure causes abnormal brain morphology and function in the mice. DMEP (50 mg/kg) was chronically administered to pregnant mice orally once a day starting on embryonic day 0 (E0) to breast-feeding cessation for the fetus. We found that prenatal DMEP exposure significantly reduced the number of neurons in the parietal cortex by impairing neurogenesis and gliogenesis during the developing cortex. Moreover, we found that prenatal DMEP exposure impaired dendritic spine architectures and synaptic activity in the parietal cortex. Finally, prenatal DMEP exposure in mice induces hyperactivity and reduces anxiety behaviors. Altogether, our study demonstrates that prenatal DMEP exposure leads to abnormal behaviors via impairment of neurogenesis and synaptic activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Moon Yi Ko
- Department of Advanced Toxicology ResearchKorea Institute of ToxicologyDaejeonRepublic of Korea
| | - Heejin Park
- Department of Advanced Toxicology ResearchKorea Institute of ToxicologyDaejeonRepublic of Korea
- Collage of Veterinary of MedicineJeonbuk National UniversityJeonjuRepublic of Korea
| | - Sun‐Hwa Chon
- Department of Advanced Toxicology ResearchKorea Institute of ToxicologyDaejeonRepublic of Korea
| | - Byoung‐Seok Lee
- Department of Advanced Toxicology ResearchKorea Institute of ToxicologyDaejeonRepublic of Korea
| | - Sin‐Woo Cha
- Department of Advanced Toxicology ResearchKorea Institute of ToxicologyDaejeonRepublic of Korea
| | - Sung‐Ae Hyun
- Department of Advanced Toxicology ResearchKorea Institute of ToxicologyDaejeonRepublic of Korea
| | - Minhan Ka
- Department of Advanced Toxicology ResearchKorea Institute of ToxicologyDaejeonRepublic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Leader J, Mínguez-Alarcón L, Williams PL, Ford JB, Dadd R, Chagnon O, Bellinger DC, Oken E, Calafat AM, Hauser R, Braun JM. Paternal and maternal preconception and maternal pregnancy urinary phthalate metabolite and BPA concentrations in relation to child behavior. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2024; 183:108337. [PMID: 38088019 PMCID: PMC10868726 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.108337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiologic studies on health effects of parental preconception exposures are limited despite emerging evidence from toxicological studies suggesting that such exposures, including to environmental chemicals, may affect offspring health. OBJECTIVE We investigated whether maternal and paternal preconception and maternal pregnancy urinary phthalate metabolite and bisphenol A (BPA) concentrations were associated with child behavior. METHODS We analyzed data from the Preconception Environmental exposure And Childhood health Effects (PEACE) Study, an ongoing prospective cohort study of children aged 6-11 years whose parent(s) previously enrolled in the prospective preconception Environment and Reproductive Health (EARTH) study. Using linear mixed models, we estimated covariate-adjusted associations of 11 urinary phthalate metabolite and BPA concentrations collected prior to conception and during pregnancy with Behavioral Assessment System for Children-3 (BASC-3) T-scores (higher scores indicate more problem behaviors). RESULTS This analysis included 134 mothers, 87 fathers and 157 children (24 sets of twins); parents were predominantly non-Hispanic white (mothers and fathers86%). Higher maternal preconception or pregnancy monobenzyl phthalate (MBzP) concentrations were related to higher mean externalizing problems T-scores in their children (β = 1.3 per 1-loge unit increase; 95 % CI: -0.2, 2.4 and β = 2.1, 95 % CI: 0.7, 3.6, respectively). Higher maternal preconception monocarboxyoctyl phthalate (MCOP) was suggested to be related to lower mean externalizing problems T-scores (β = -0.9; 95 % CI: -1.8, 0.0). Higher paternal preconception MCOP was suggestively associated with lower internalizing problems (β = -0.9; 95 %CI:-1.9, 0.1) and lower Behavioral Symptoms Index (BSI) T-scores (β = -1.3; 95 % CI: -2.1, -0.4). CONCLUSION In this cohort, higher maternal preconception and pregnancy MBzP were associated with worse parent-reported child behavior, while higher maternal and paternal preconception MCOP concentrations were related to lower BASC-3 scores.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jordana Leader
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Lidia Mínguez-Alarcón
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Harvard Medical School & Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Paige L Williams
- Departments of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jennifer B Ford
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ramace Dadd
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Olivia Chagnon
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David C Bellinger
- Research Director Emeritus, Cardiac Neurodevelopment Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Professor of Neurology and Psychology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Emily Oken
- Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Antonia M Calafat
- National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Russ Hauser
- Departments of Environmental Health and Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joseph M Braun
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sellinger EP, Brinks AS, Javeri RR, Theurer SL, Wang R, Juraska JM. Region- and age-specific effects of perinatal phthalate exposure on developmental cell death and adult anatomy of dorsal and ventral hippocampus and associated cognitive behaviors. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2023; 99:107288. [PMID: 37595675 PMCID: PMC10530334 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2023.107288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
Humans are exposed to phthalates, a class of endocrine-disrupting chemicals used in food packaging/processing, PVC plastics, and personal care products. Gestational exposure may lead to adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes. In a rat model, perinatal exposure to an environmentally relevant mixture and dose of phthalates leads to increased developmental apoptosis in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and a subsequent reduction in neurons and in cognitive flexibility measured in adults of both sexes (Sellinger et al., 2021b; Kougias et al., 2018b). However, whether these effects generalize to other cognitive regions, like the hippocampus, is less well understood as existing studies used single phthalates at large doses, unrepresentative of human exposure. In the current study, patterns of naturally occurring cell death were first established in the dorsal and ventral hippocampal subfields (CA3 and CA1). Both dorsal and ventral CA3 reached high levels of cell death on P2 while levels in dorsal and ventral CA1 peaked on P5 in both sexes. Exposure to a phthalate mixture (0.2 and 1 mg/kg/day) throughout gestation through postnatal day 10 resulted in subtle age- and region-specific decreases in developmental cell death, however there were no significant changes in adult neuron number or associated behaviors: the Morris water maze and social recognition. Therefore, perinatal exposure to a low dose mixture of phthalates does not result in the dramatic structural and behavioral changes seen with high doses of single phthalates. This study also adds to our understanding of the distinct neurodevelopmental effects of phthalates on different brain regions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elli P Sellinger
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 603 E. Daniel Street, Champaign, IL 61820, United States of America.
| | - Amara S Brinks
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 603 E. Daniel Street, Champaign, IL 61820, United States of America.
| | - Rajvi R Javeri
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 603 E. Daniel Street, Champaign, IL 61820, United States of America.
| | - Savannah L Theurer
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 603 E. Daniel Street, Champaign, IL 61820, United States of America.
| | - Ruibin Wang
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 603 E. Daniel Street, Champaign, IL 61820, United States of America.
| | - Janice M Juraska
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 603 E. Daniel Street, Champaign, IL 61820, United States of America; Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 603 E. Daniel Street, Champaign, IL 61820, United States of America.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lupu DI, Cediel Ulloa A, Rüegg J. Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals and Hippocampal Development: The Role of Estrogen and Androgen Signaling. Neuroendocrinology 2023; 113:1193-1214. [PMID: 37356425 DOI: 10.1159/000531669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Hormones are important regulators of key processes during fetal brain development. Thus, the developing brain is vulnerable to the action of chemicals that can interfere with endocrine signals. Epidemiological studies have pointed toward sexually dimorphic associations between neurodevelopmental outcomes, such as cognitive abilities, in children and prenatal exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs). This points toward disruption of sex steroid signaling in the development of neural structures underlying cognitive functions, such as the hippocampus, an essential mediator of learning and memory processes. Indeed, during development, the hippocampus is subjected to the organizational effects of estrogens and androgens, which influence hippocampal cell proliferation, differentiation, dendritic growth, and synaptogenesis in the hippocampal fields of Cornu Ammonis and the dentate gyrus. These early organizational effects correlate with a sexual dimorphism in spatial cognition and are subject to exogenous chemical perturbations. This review summarizes the current knowledge about the organizational effects of estrogens and androgens on the developing hippocampus and the evidence for hippocampal-dependent learning and memory perturbations induced by developmental exposure to EDCs. We conclude that, while it is clear that sex hormone signaling plays a significant role during hippocampal development, a complete picture at the molecular and cellular levels would be needed to establish causative links between the endocrine modes of action exerted by EDCs and the adverse outcomes these chemicals can induce at the organism level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diana-Ioana Lupu
- Department of Organismal Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Joëlle Rüegg
- Department of Organismal Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Jang M, Lee M, Yang H, Lee H, Park SB, Jeon H, Hwang SY, Kim HJ, Oh DX, Park J. Method to analyze phthalate esters from soft toys dissolving into water mimicking infant playing. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 330:138695. [PMID: 37080474 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Along with bisphenol-A (BPA), conventional phthalate esters (PAEs) have been reported as environmental hormones, despite their functional usefulness as plasticizers. Nevertheless, they are frequently found in various products, including children's utensils and toys made of poly (vinyl chloride). This is tremendously important because PAEs are harmful to infants. In addition, gel/slime-type toys made of poly (vinyl alcohol) are currently popular for developing infant' tactile senses. In this study, we developed a method to qualitatively and quantitatively detect PAEs in gel/slime-type toys mimicking, infants playing with them in a bathtub. As a result, 1,2-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid diisononyl ester (DINCH), one of the PAE alternatives, transferred into the water from the toys and was detected most commonly (108-719 μg g-1; 0.01-0.07 wt%) among PAEs. The detected DINCH levels were below the universally accepted levels for PAEs (0.1 wt%). However, the amount of DINCH detected could still be toxic, in accordance with toxicity tests using water fleas. Furthermore, unpleasant odors were emitted when the toys containing toxic volatile organic compounds were unpacked. This is the first study to develop a method to analyze PAE in gel/slime-type toys and determine that alternatives to conventional PAEs cannot be unconditionally regarded as safe chemicals. Therefore, the revised standards for regulating PAEs and their alternatives must be reconsidered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Jang
- Research Center for Bio-Based Chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan, 44429, Republic of Korea
| | - Minkyung Lee
- Research Center for Bio-Based Chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan, 44429, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyemin Yang
- Research Center for Bio-Based Chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan, 44429, Republic of Korea
| | - Huichan Lee
- Core Research Facilities, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Bae Park
- Research Center for Bio-Based Chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan, 44429, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeonyeol Jeon
- Research Center for Bio-Based Chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan, 44429, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Yeon Hwang
- Research Center for Bio-Based Chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan, 44429, Republic of Korea; Department of Plant & Environmental New Resources and Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Gyeonggi-do, 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Jeong Kim
- Research Center for Bio-Based Chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan, 44429, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongyeop X Oh
- Research Center for Bio-Based Chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan, 44429, Republic of Korea; Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jeyoung Park
- Research Center for Bio-Based Chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan, 44429, Republic of Korea; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul, 04107, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhou T, He S, Ye X, Wei Z, Wan J, Zhang H, Ding S. Exposure to dibutyl phthalate adsorbed to multi-walled carbon nanotubes causes neurotoxicity in mice by inducing the release of BDNF. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 852:158319. [PMID: 36041608 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and dibutyl phthalate (DBP) exist extensively in the environment, and they are easy to form compound pollution through π-π interactions in the environment. We investigate whether DBP, an environmental hormone disruptor, mediated by CNTs can more easily cross the blood-brain barrier, and whether DBP entering the brain has neurotoxic effects on the cells in the brain. Experimental subjects were 40 male Kunming (KM) mice randomly divided into 4 groups: the control group; the MWCNTs group; the DBP group; and the MWCNTs+DBP group. The mice were exposed via tail intravenous injection once every 3 days for 21 days, following which toxicology studies were carried out. The results of behavioral experiments showed that the mice in the combined exposure group (MWCNTs+DBP) exhibited spatial learning and memory impairment, and anxiety-like behavior. Staining of hippocampal sections of mouse brain tissue showed that, in the CA1, CA2, and DG areas, the number of neurons decreased, the nucleus was pyknotic, the cell body was atrophied, and levels of the microglia marker Iba-1 increased. By proteomic KEGG analysis, we found that the DEPs were mainly those related to neurodegenerative diseases. Immunohistochemistry in the hippocampus indicated that the level of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the DG region was significantly increased. RT-PCR results revealed that the expression levels of P53, caspase3, and Bax genes related to apoptosis were up-regulated. The experimental results demonstrated that the mechanism of the combined-exposure injury to neurons in the hippocampus of mice may be that MWCNTs with adsorbed DBP can induce the release of BDNF, accelerate the apoptosis of neurons, and reduce the number of nerve cells, which activates microglia, causing neuroinflammation and nervous system toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Zhou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Hubei, China.
| | - Suli He
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Hubei, China
| | - Xin Ye
- Liquor Marking Biological Technology and Application of Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Bioengineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Yibin, China.
| | - Zhaolan Wei
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Hubei, China
| | - Jian Wan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Hubei, China.
| | - Hongmao Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Hubei, China.
| | - Shumao Ding
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Hubei, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Luo H, Liu C, He D, Sun J, Li J, Pan X. Effects of aging on environmental behavior of plastic additives: Migration, leaching, and ecotoxicity. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 849:157951. [PMID: 35961392 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs), an emerging pollutant, are of global concern due to their wide distribution and large quantities. In addition to MPs themselves, various additives within MPs (such as plasticizers, flame retardants, antioxidants and heavy metals) may also have harmful effects on the environment. Most of these additives are physically bound to plastics and can therefore be leached from the plastic and released into the environment. Aging of MPs in the actual environment can affect the migration and release of additives, further increasing the ecotoxicological risk of additives to organisms. This work reviews the functions of several commonly used additives in MPs, and summarizes the representative characterization methods. Furthermore, the migration and leaching of additives in the human environment and marine environment are outlined. As aging promotes the internal chain breaking of MPs and the increase of specific surface area, it in turn stimulates the release of additives. The hazards of additive exposure have been elucidated, and various studies from the laboratory have shown that more toxic additives such as phthalates and brominated flame retardants can disrupt a variety of biological processes in organisms, including metabolism, skeletal development and so on. Increase of MPs ecological risk caused by the leaching of toxic additives is discussed, especially under the effect of aging. This study presents a systematic summary of various functional and environmental behaviors of additives in plastics, using weathering forces as the main factor, which helps to better assess the environmental impact and potential risks of MPs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Luo
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
| | - Chenyang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Dongqin He
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Jianqiang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Jun Li
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Xiangliang Pan
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Han Y, Jin S, Liu L, Qu Z, Gao L, Li P, Xiong W, Zhang X. Exploring associations between urine levels of phthalates and autism spectrum disorder symptoms: a case-control study in Tianjin, China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:80805-80816. [PMID: 35729382 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21526-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) comprises a group of neurodevelopmental disorders. The etiology of autism remains unclear, but a growing body of evidence indicates that phthalates play a role in its pathogenesis. The aim of this study was to compare the urine levels of phthalates in children with ASD and healthy children. We also explored whether phthalates have an effect on ASD symptoms. The participants in this study included 101 children with ASD (79 boys and 22 girls) and 101 sex- and age-matched controls. The levels of phthalates were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). We detected significant differences in monoethyl phthalate (MEP) levels between the severe ASD and control groups (p < 0.05). Mono-n-butyl phthalate (MBP) concentration was positively correlated with language skill impairment in ASD (β: 0.387, p = 0.041). MEP levels were associated with the CARS "Imitation" score in all children (OR: 1.470). MBP levels were associated with the "Nonverbal Communication" score among boys (OR: 1.233), and MEP levels were associated with the "Nonverbal Communication" score among girls (OR: 2.648). MEP levels were related to the CARS total score after adjustment for sex (β: 1.524, p = 0.047). Compared with the reference mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP) group, children with ASD in the medium-exposure group had an OR of 3.370 for aggravating ASD severity. These results suggested that increased exposure to phthalates contributes to more ASD symptoms and that there are potentially sex-specific associations. These findings warrant further confirmation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Han
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, No. 22 Qixiangtai Road, Tianjin, 300070, People's Republic of China
| | - Shihao Jin
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, No. 22 Qixiangtai Road, Tianjin, 300070, People's Republic of China
| | - Liyuan Liu
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, No. 22 Qixiangtai Road, Tianjin, 300070, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyi Qu
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, No. 22 Qixiangtai Road, Tianjin, 300070, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Gao
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, No. 22 Qixiangtai Road, Tianjin, 300070, People's Republic of China
| | - Peiying Li
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, No. 22 Qixiangtai Road, Tianjin, 300070, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjuan Xiong
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, No. 22 Qixiangtai Road, Tianjin, 300070, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, No. 22 Qixiangtai Road, Tianjin, 300070, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Biswas P, Vellanki BP, Kazmi AA. Investigating a broad range of emerging contaminants in a set of anthropogenically impacted environmental compartments. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 824:153757. [PMID: 35151754 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Environmental compartments are repositories of probably thousands of emerging contaminants (ECs) released along with treated/untreated wastewater. Despite extensive studies on the detection of ECs in surface water, other environmental compartments such as sediments and groundwater are yet to be thoroughly investigated. To assess the heavy anthropogenic impact on the environment, 24 environmental samples comprising of surface water, sediment and groundwater collected from the Yamuna River basin of India were analyzed via target and suspect screening. The surface water and sediment samples were collected from upstream and downstream of densely populated cities and towns situated along the heavily contaminated river Yamuna. The groundwater samples were collected from shallow drinking water wells of the catchment. Liquid chromatography tandem mass-spectroscopy was used to quantify 10 widely consumed pharmaceuticals in the samples. The study also analyzed the potential health hazards posed by the quantified contaminants. In order to evaluate further, the surface water and groundwater samples were subjected to high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) screening against a library resulting in a list of 450 ECs in the surface water and 309 ECs in the groundwater. Agricultural chemicals and pharmaceuticals found abundantly in the samples and half of whom were reported first time. The risk quotient was calculated to assess the potential hazard of the target analytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pinakshi Biswas
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India.
| | - Bhanu Prakash Vellanki
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India.
| | - Absar Ahmad Kazmi
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Behavioral Effects of Exposure to Phthalates in Female Rodents: Evidence for Endocrine Disruption? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052559. [PMID: 35269705 PMCID: PMC8910129 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Phthalates have been widely studied for their reprotoxic effects in male rodents and in particular on testosterone production, for which reference doses were established. The female rodent brain can also represent a target for exposure to these environmental endocrine disruptors. Indeed, a large range of behaviors including reproductive behaviors, mood-related behaviors, and learning and memory are regulated by sex steroid hormones. Here we review the experimental studies addressing the effects and mechanisms of phthalate exposure on these behaviors in female rodents, paying particular attention to the experimental conditions (period of exposure, doses, estrous stage of analyses etc.). The objective of this review is to provide a clear picture of the consistent effects that can occur in female rodents and the gaps that still need to be filled in terms of effects and mode(s) of action for a better risk assessment for human health.
Collapse
|
12
|
Sprowles JL, Dzwilewski KL, Merced-Nieves FM, Musaad SM, Schantz SL, Geiger SD. Associations of prenatal phthalate exposure with neurobehavioral outcomes in 4.5- and 7.5-month-old infants. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2022; 92:107102. [PMID: 35588931 PMCID: PMC9271634 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2022.107102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Phthalates are ubiquitous endocrine-disrupting chemicals, and research indicates that prenatal exposure to some phthalates may affect neurodevelopment. In a prospective birth cohort study, five first-morning urine samples collected across pregnancy were pooled and the following phthalate biomarkers assessed: sum of di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate metabolites (ΣDEHP), sum of diisononyl phthalate metabolites (ΣDINP), sum of dibutyl phthalate metabolites (ΣDBP), sum of anti-androgenic metabolites (ΣAA), monoethyl phthalate (MEP), and sum of all phthalate metabolites (ΣAll). The Ages & Stages Questionnaires® (ASQ), a standardized parent-reported, age-adapted screening tool, measured communication, personal-social, problem solving, and motor domains in infants at 4.5 and 7.5 months (n = 123). Adjusting for maternal age, annual household income, gestational age at birth, infant age at assessment, and sex, repeated-measures generalized linear regression models were used to examine associations between prenatal phthalate urine biomarker concentrations and domain scores (assuming a Poisson distribution). Beta estimates were exponentiated back to the domain scale for ease of interpretation. Mothers were mostly white and college-educated, and most reported an annual household income of ≥$60,000. Associations of phthalate concentrations with ASQ outcomes are presented as follows: (1) anti-androgenic phthalate metabolites (ΣDEHP, ΣDINP, ΣDBP, and ΣAA), (2) MEP, which is not anti-androgenic, and (3) ΣAll. Overall, anti-androgenic phthalates were associated with higher (i.e., better) scores. However, there were exceptions, including the finding that a one-unit increase in ΣDBP was associated with a 12% increase in problem solving scores in 4.5-month-old females (β = 1.12; 95% CI: 0.99, 1.28; p = 0.067) but a 85% decrease for 7.5-month-old females (β = 0.54; 95% CI: 0.3, 0.99; p = 0.047). In contrast, MEP was associated with poorer scores on several outcomes. Sex- and timepoint-specific estimates demonstrated a one-unit increase in MEP was associated with: a 52% decrease in personal-social scores in 7.5-month-old males (β = 0.66; 95% CI: 0.46, 0.95; p = 0.02), a 39% decrease in fine motor scores in 7.5-month-old males (β = 0.72; 95% CI: 0.52, 0.98; p = 0.035), and a 6% decrease in fine motor scores in 4.5-month-old females (β = 0.94; 95% CI: 0.88, 0.99; p = 0.03). A one-unit increase in ΣAll was associated with a 4% increase in personal-social scores in 4.5-month-old males (β = 1.04; 95% CI: 0.99, 1.1; p = 0.08) but a 17% decrease in 7.5-month-old males (β = 0.85; 95% CI: 0.73, 0.99; p = 0.03). These data suggest age- and sex-specific associations of prenatal phthalates with infant neurobehavior. The current findings should be confirmed by longitudinal studies with larger sample sizes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jenna L.N. Sprowles
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 405 N. Matthews Ave., Urbana, IL 61801, USA.,Corresponding author at: Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 405 N. Matthews Ave., Urbana, IL 61801, USA. (J. L. N. Sprowles)
| | - Kelsey L.C. Dzwilewski
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 405 N. Matthews Ave., Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Francheska M. Merced-Nieves
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Salma M.A. Musaad
- United States Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service, Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, 1100 Bates Ave., Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Susan L. Schantz
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 405 N. Matthews Ave., Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Sarah D. Geiger
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 405 N. Matthews Ave., Urbana, IL 61801, USA.,Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Khan Annex Room 2013, 1206 S. Fourth St., Champaign, IL 61820, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Sellinger EP, Riesgo VR, Brinks AS, Willing J, Juraska JM. Perinatal phthalate exposure increases developmental apoptosis in the rat medial prefrontal cortex. Neurotoxicology 2021; 87:167-173. [PMID: 34599995 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2021.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Phthalates are a class of endocrine disruptors found in a variety of consumer goods, and offspring can be exposed to these compounds during gestation and lactation. Our laboratory has found that perinatal exposure to an environmentally relevant mixture of phthalates resulted in a decrease in cognitive flexibility and in neuron number in the adult rat medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). Here, we examine effects of phthalate treatment on prenatal cellular proliferation and perinatal apoptosis in the mPFC. To examine the phthalate effects on cellular proliferation, dams consumed 0, 1, or 5 mg/kg of the phthalate mixture daily from embryonic day 2 (E2) through the day of birth (P0), and on E16 and E17, they were injected with BrdU. The mPFC of offspring was analyzed on P5 and showed a decrease in labelled cells in the phthalate exposed groups. To examine whether changes in BrdU density observed on P5 were due to altered cell survival, cell death was measured on E18, P0, and P5 using a TUNEL assay in a separate cohort of prenatally exposed offspring. There was an increase in TUNEL labelled cells at E18 in the phthalate exposed groups. In the final experiment, dams consumed the phthalate mixture from E2 through P10, at which time mPFC tissue was stained with TUNEL. Phthalate treated subjects showed a higher density of apoptotic cells at P10. These results indicate both pre- and postnatal phthalate exposure increases apoptosis in the male and female rat mPFC. While the impact of phthalates on proliferation cannot be ruled out, these data do not allow for definitive conclusions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elli P Sellinger
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 603 E. Daniel Street, Champaign, IL, 61820, United States
| | - Victoria R Riesgo
- Department of Psychology, Bowling Green State University, 822 E Merry Ave, Bowling Green, OH, 43403, United States
| | - Amara S Brinks
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 603 E. Daniel Street, Champaign, IL, 61820, United States
| | - Jari Willing
- Department of Psychology, Bowling Green State University, 822 E Merry Ave, Bowling Green, OH, 43403, United States
| | - Janice M Juraska
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 603 E. Daniel Street, Champaign, IL, 61820, United States; Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 603 E. Daniel Street, Champaign, IL, 61820, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Bakoyiannis I, Kitraki E, Stamatakis A. Endocrine-disrupting chemicals and behaviour: A high risk to take? Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 35:101517. [PMID: 33744126 DOI: 10.1016/j.beem.2021.101517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Early life exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) is considered a potential risk factor for aberrant brain development and the emergence of behavioral deficits. The purpose of this review is to summarize the toxic effects of bisphenol-A (BPA) and phthalate exposure during pre-, -post- or perinatal life on different types of behaviour in male and female rodents. Despite results not being always consistent, most probably due to methodological issues, it is highly probable that early life exposure to BPA or/and phthalates, affects various aspects of behaviour in the offspring. Adverse effects include: Increased levels of anxiety, altered exploratory behaviour, reduced social interaction or increased aggression and deficits in spatial or recognition learning and memory. These effects have been observed with a wide range of doses, in some cases even below the currently employed Tolerable Daily Intake dose for either BPA or phthalates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Bakoyiannis
- Biology-Biochemistry Lab, Faculty of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
| | - Efthymia Kitraki
- Basic Sciences Lab, Faculty of Dentistry, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
| | - Antonios Stamatakis
- Biology-Biochemistry Lab, Faculty of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Nidens N, Vogel M, Körner A, Kiess W. Prenatal exposure to phthalate esters and its impact on child development. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 35:101478. [PMID: 33608224 DOI: 10.1016/j.beem.2020.101478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Endocrine disruptive chemicals (EDCs) cause adverse health effects through interaction with endocrine systems. They are classified by chemical structure, effects on specific endocrine systems, their bioaccumulation and/or persistence in the environment, and/or clinically observable effects. In industrial nations, people are exposed to complex mixtures of many different substances all of which may have multiple and deleterious effects upon the individual. The clinical importance of epigenetic changes caused by the action of EDCs during vulnerable phases of development is currently unclear but of particular relevance. Epidemiological studies are criticized because reproducibility is not always guaranteed. Nevertheless, they remain the method of choice for the development and analysis of suitable model systems. Positive associations, despite of sometimes conflicting results, are the key in the selection of factors that can then be analyzed in model systems in an unbiased way. This article reports EDC-caused effects in the fields of growth and metabolism, neurocognitive development and sexual development and reproduction focusing mainly on phthalates and their metabolites. However, research will have to focus on the interactions of different EDCs and their consequences of prenatal and early life exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Nidens
- Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases (LIFE), LIFE Child, University of Leipzig, Faculty of Medicine, Philipp-Rosenthal-Straße 27, D-04103, Leipzig, Germany; Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Center for Paediatric Research, Liebigstraße 20a, D-04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Mandy Vogel
- Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases (LIFE), LIFE Child, University of Leipzig, Faculty of Medicine, Philipp-Rosenthal-Straße 27, D-04103, Leipzig, Germany; Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Center for Paediatric Research, Liebigstraße 20a, D-04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Antje Körner
- Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases (LIFE), LIFE Child, University of Leipzig, Faculty of Medicine, Philipp-Rosenthal-Straße 27, D-04103, Leipzig, Germany; Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Center for Paediatric Research, Liebigstraße 20a, D-04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Wieland Kiess
- Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases (LIFE), LIFE Child, University of Leipzig, Faculty of Medicine, Philipp-Rosenthal-Straße 27, D-04103, Leipzig, Germany; Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Center for Paediatric Research, Liebigstraße 20a, D-04103, Leipzig, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Tanoren B, Parlatan U, Parlak M, Selcuk B, Ates Alkan F, Pastaci Ozsobaci N, Albeniz G, Turker Sener L, Albeniz I, Unlu MB. Determination of modifications in rat liver due to phthalate uptake by SAM, RS, and ICP-OES. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2021; 13:2926-2935. [PMID: 34109334 DOI: 10.1039/d1ay00650a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The use of phthalates as plasticizers has been omnipresent, especially in cosmetics and food packaging, despite the proven effects on some organs of humans and animals. Therefore, alterations in living organisms due to phthalate exposure attract the attention of many scientists. Here, we demonstrate a mechanical and chemical investigation of the mentioned effects of di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) and dibutyl phthalate (DBP) on rat liver by utilizing scanning acoustic microscopy (SAM), Raman spectroscopy (RS) and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) for the first time in the literature, as far as we know. The combined analysis gives insights into the degree of modification in the tissue components and which chemicals lead to these modifications. Our study shows that the acoustic impedance values of tissues of DEHP and DBP delivered mother rats are higher than those of tissues of the control mother rat, while the acoustic impedance values of tissues of offspring rats of DEHP and DBP delivered mother rats do not differ significantly from those of tissues of the control offspring rats of the control mother rat. Besides, RS analysis shows how the incorporation of DEHP into liver tissues changes the configuration and conformation of lipids and fatty acids. ICP-OES results show increased element levels within the tissues of DEHP and DBP delivered rats. Therefore, we can say that phthalates cause modifications within the liver. This study is a preliminary effort to investigate tissues with a mechano-chemical probe.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ugur Parlatan
- Bogazici Universitesi Fen-Edebiyat Fakultesi, Turkey
| | - Melita Parlak
- Bogazici Universitesi Fen-Edebiyat Fakultesi, Turkey
| | - Berzem Selcuk
- Bogazici Universitesi Fen-Edebiyat Fakultesi, Turkey
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Cai SS, Zhou Y, Ye BC. Reducing the reproductive toxicity activity of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum: a review of mechanisms and prospects. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:36927-36941. [PMID: 34036511 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14403-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Food pollution can cause a variety of negative effects on human health, especially reproductive toxicity. Common food contaminants include biological contaminants, chemical contaminants, and physical contaminants, among which endocrine disruptors, pesticides, and heavy metals have the greatest reproductive toxicity in chemical contaminants. Humans mainly solve food pollution through three aspects: decreasing the pollution of food raw materials, lowering the pollution in food processing, and reducing the harm to the human body after food pollutants enter the human body. With more and more research on probiotics, not only beneficial effects, but also the ability to reduce the toxicity of food contaminants is found. Thus, microbial treatment has been proved to be a more effective way to deal with food pollution. Recent research shows that several strains of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum can adsorb or degrade some chemical pollutants and relieve inflammation and oxidative stress caused by them. This review summarized the research to explore the possible role of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum in protecting human reproductive ability and maintaining food safety.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Shan Cai
- Lab of Biosystems and Microanalysis, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong RD, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Lab of Biosystems and Microanalysis, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong RD, Shanghai, 200237, China.
| | - Bang-Ce Ye
- Lab of Biosystems and Microanalysis, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong RD, Shanghai, 200237, China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Safarpour S, Zabihi E, Ghasemi-Kasman M, Nosratiyan N, Feizi F. Prenatal and breastfeeding exposure to low dose of diethylhexyl phthalate induces behavioral deficits and exacerbates oxidative stress in rat hippocampus. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 154:112322. [PMID: 34111487 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) is one of the most important derivatives of phthalate that has devastating effects on nervous system function. In this study, the effects of exposure with low doses of DEHP during pregnancy and lactation periods have been evaluated in rat's puppies. DEHP at doses 5, 40, 400 μg/kg/day and 300 mg/kg/day was given to mothers by gavage during pregnancy and lactation. The spatial and working memories were evaluated by Morris water maze test and Y maze, respectively. Oxidative stress levels were measured by biochemical tests. Histopathology of hippocampal tissue was assessed using hematoxylin and eosin, Nissl staining, and immunohistofluorescence in 60-days-old puppies. Behavioral data showed that low doses of DEHP decreased the working and spatial memories of male rats. Increased oxidative stress and decreased antioxidant activity were also observed in the hippocampus of rats which received the low doses of DEHP. However, neuronal damage, inflammation, and astrocyte activation were not significantly increased in the hippocampus of rats. Overall, exposure of mothers to low doses of DEHP during pregnancy and lactation cause behavioral deficits, especially in male newborn. The destructive effects of low doses of DEHP might be mediated through increased levels of oxidative stress in the brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soheila Safarpour
- Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Zabihi
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.
| | - Maryam Ghasemi-Kasman
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran; Neuroscience Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.
| | - Nasrin Nosratiyan
- Neuroscience Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Farideh Feizi
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Yirun A, Ozkemahli G, Balci A, Erkekoglu P, Zeybek ND, Yersal N, Kocer-Gumusel B. Neuroendocrine disruption by bisphenol A and/or di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate after prenatal, early postnatal and lactational exposure. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:26961-26974. [PMID: 33496947 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-12408-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) and di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) are abundant endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs). In recent years, studies showed that EDCs may lead to neurodevelopmental diseases. The effects of prenatal exposure to these chemicals may have serious consequences. Moreover, exposure to EDCs as a mixture may have different effects than individual exposures. The present study aimed to determine the toxicity of BPA and/or DEHP on central nervous system (CNS) and neuroendocrine system in prenatal and lactational period in Sprague-Dawley rats. Pregnant rats were randomly divided into four groups: control (received vehicle); BPA group (received BPA at 50 mg/kg/day); DEHP group (received DEHP at 30 mg/kg/day); and combined exposure group (received both BPA at 50 mg/kg/day and DEHP at 30 mg/kg/day) during pregnancy and lactation by oral gavage. At the end of lactation, male offspring (n = 6) were randomly grouped. The alterations in the brain histopathology, neurotransmitter levels and enzyme activities in the cerebrum region, oxidative stress markers, and apoptotic effects in the hippocampus region were determined at adulthood. The results showed that exposure to EDCs at early stages of life caused significant changes in lipid peroxidation, total GSH and neurotransmitter levels, and activities of neurotransmitter-related enzymes. Moreover, BPA and/or DEHP led to apoptosis and histopathologic alterations in the hippocampus. Therefore, we can suggest that changes in oxidant/antioxidant status, as well as in neurotransmitters and related enzymes, can be considered as the underlying neurotoxicity mechanisms of BPA and DEHP. However, more mechanistic studies are needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anil Yirun
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Toxicology, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Toxicology, Çukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Gizem Ozkemahli
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Toxicology, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Toxicology, Erzincan Binali Yildirim University, Erzincan, Turkey
| | - Aylin Balci
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Toxicology, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Pinar Erkekoglu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Toxicology, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Naciye Dilara Zeybek
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nilgun Yersal
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Belma Kocer-Gumusel
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Toxicology, Lokman Hekim University, Ankara, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Morová M, Kršková L. Autistic-like traits in laboratory rodents exposed to phthalic acid esters during early development - an animal model of autism? Physiol Res 2021; 70:345-361. [PMID: 33982578 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.934570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Phthalates are chemical substances that are widely used to provide flexibility and durability to plastic materials. They leach from products in which they are mixed and reach living organisms. Results from experimental studies suggest that exposure to phthalates can have a negative impact on an individual's neuronal system and behavior. In this regard, exposure during early ontogenesis seems to be particularly dangerous due to the extensive growth and development of body structures and functions. Disruption during this critical time can result in alterations of behavior and the emergence of neurodevelopmental disorders, such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Various animal models have been used to elucidate the pathogenesis of this disease. They are fundamental for research, and although the translation of results to humans is difficult, new animal models are being developed. The aim of this review is to summarize laboratory rodent studies in which early developmental phthalate exposure resulted in brain alterations and autistic-like behavioral traits. We also discuss the possibility of using early developmental phthalate exposure in rodents to create a new animal model of autism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Morová
- Department of Animal Physiology and Ethology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava 4, Slovak Republic.
| | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Loftus CT, Bush NR, Day DB, Ni Y, Tylavsky FA, Karr CJ, Kannan K, Barrett ES, Szpiro AA, Sathyanarayana S, LeWinn KZ. Exposure to prenatal phthalate mixtures and neurodevelopment in the Conditions Affecting Neurocognitive Development and Learning in Early childhood (CANDLE) study. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 150:106409. [PMID: 33556913 PMCID: PMC8162924 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Findings from epidemiological studies of prenatal phthalate exposure and child cognitive development are inconsistent. Methods for evaluating mixtures of phthalates, such as weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression, have rarely been applied. We developed a new extension of the WQS method to improve specificity of full-sample analyses and applied it to estimate associations between prenatal phthalate mixtures and cognitive and language outcomes in a diverse pregnancy cohort. METHODS We measured 22 phthalate metabolites in third trimester urine from mother-child dyads who completed early childhood visits in the Conditions Affecting Neurodevelopment and Learning in Early childhood (CANDLE) study. Language and cognitive ability were assessed using the Bayley Scales of Infant Development (age 3) and the Stanford Binet-5 (age 4-6), respectively. We used multivariable WQS regression to identify phthalate mixtures that were negatively and positively associated with language score and full-scale IQ, in separate models, adjusted for maternal IQ, race, marital status, smoking, BMI, socioeconomic status (SES), child age, sex, and breastfeeding. We evaluated effect modification by sex and SES. If full sample 95% WQS confidence intervals (which are known to be anti-conservative) excluded the null, we calculated a p-value using a permutation test (ppermutation). The performance of this new approach to WQS regression was evaluated in simulated data. We compared the power and type I error rate of WQS regression conducted within datasets split into training and validation samples (WQSSplit) and in the full sample (WQSNosplit) to WQS regression with a permutation test (WQSpermutation). Individual metabolite associations were explored in secondary analyses. RESULTS The analytic sample (N = 1015) was 62.1% Black/31.5% White, and the majority of mothers had a high school education or less (56.7%) at enrollment. Associations between phthalate mixtures and primary outcomes (language score and full-scale IQ) in the full sample were null. Individual metabolites were not associated with IQ, and only one metabolite (mono-benzyl phthalate, MBzP) was associated with Bayley language score (β = -0.68, 95% CI: -1.37, 0.00). In analyses stratified by sex or SES, mixtures were positively and negatively associated with outcomes, but the precision of full-sample WQS regression results were not supported by permutation tests, with one exception. In the lowest SES category, a phthalate mixture dominated by mono-methyl phthalate (MMP) and mono-carboxy-isooctyl phthalate (MCOP) was associated with higher language scores (βlow SES = 2.41, full-sample 95%CI: 0.58, 4.24; ppermutation = 0.04). Performance testing in simulated data showed that WQSpermutation had improved power over WQSSplit (90% versus 56%) and a lower type I error rate than WQSNosplit (7% versus 47%). CONCLUSIONS In the largest study of these relationships to date, we observed predominantly null associations between mixtures of prenatal phthalates and both language and IQ. Our novel extension of WQS regression improved sensitivity to detect true associations by obviating the need to split the data into training and test sets and should be considered for future analyses of exposure mixtures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christine T Loftus
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, United States.
| | - Nicole R Bush
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, United States; Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, United States
| | - Drew B Day
- Center for Child Health, Behavior, and Development, Seattle Children's Research Institute, United States
| | - Yu Ni
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, United States
| | | | - Catherine J Karr
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, United States; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, United States; Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Washington, United States
| | - Kurunthachalam Kannan
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, United States
| | - Emily S Barrett
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute (EOHSI), Rutgers University, United States
| | - Adam A Szpiro
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Washington, United States
| | - Sheela Sathyanarayana
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, United States; Center for Child Health, Behavior, and Development, Seattle Children's Research Institute, United States; Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Washington, United States
| | - Kaja Z LeWinn
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, United States
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Yan B, Ma P, Chen S, Cheng H, Tang M, Sun Y, Yang X, Wu Y, Cheng M. Nimodipine attenuates dibutyl phthalate-induced learning and memory impairment in kun ming mice: An in vivo study based on bioinformatics analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2021; 36:821-830. [PMID: 33336902 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Dibutyl phthalate (DBP), a typical representative of phthalate esters (PAEs), is used as a plasticizer in various industrial applications and has been reported to be responsible for neurobehavioral changes. Despite mounting evidence showing that nimodipine (Nim) palys a neuropharmacological and psychopharmacological role in neurons, the attenuating effects of Nim on learning and memory impairment induced by DBP exposure remain unknown. Based on bioinformatics analysis we found that the biological processes affected by both DBP and Nim may involve the calcium signaling pathway, the MAPK signaling pathway and the apoptosis pathway. The results of an in vivo study confirmed that DBP affects the levels of Ca2+ -related proteins, up-regulates phosphorylated -ERK1/2 expression and results in hippocampal neuronal damage and apoptosis, whereas Nim as a Ca2+ antagonist, has a certain neuroprotective role to avoid these adverse effects. Our data suggest that Nim could be used to attenuate the learning and memory impairment in DBP-exposed mice, to down-regulate intracellular Ca2+ levels, subordinate the ERK1/2 pathway and attenuate apoptosis in hippocampal tissue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Biao Yan
- Laboratory of Environment-immunological and neurological diseases, Research Center of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Ping Ma
- Laboratory of Environment-immunological and neurological diseases, Research Center of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Shaohui Chen
- Laboratory of Environment-immunological and neurological diseases, Research Center of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Hongguo Cheng
- Hubei Engineering Research Center for Fragrant Plants, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Min Tang
- College of Resources Environmental Science and Engineering, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Yanling Sun
- Laboratory of Environment-immunological and neurological diseases, Research Center of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Xu Yang
- Laboratory of Environment-immunological and neurological diseases, Research Center of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Yang Wu
- Laboratory of Environment-immunological and neurological diseases, Research Center of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Menglin Cheng
- Laboratory of Environment-immunological and neurological diseases, Research Center of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Shen CY, Weng JC, Tsai JD, Su PH, Chou MC, Wang SL. Prenatal Exposure to Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals and Subsequent Brain Structure Changes Revealed by Voxel-Based Morphometry and Generalized Q-Sampling MRI. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18094798. [PMID: 33946254 PMCID: PMC8125311 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18094798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have indicated that prenatal exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) can cause adverse neuropsychiatric disorders in children and adolescents. This study aimed to determine the association between the concentrations of prenatal EDCs and brain structure changes in teenagers by using MRI. We recruited 49 mother–child pairs during the third trimester of pregnancy, and collected and examined the concentration of EDCs—including phthalate esters, perfluorochemicals (PFCs), and heavy metals (lead, arsenic, cadmium, and mercury)—in maternal urine and/or serum. MRI voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and generalized q-sampling imaging (GQI) mapping—including generalized fractional anisotropy (GFA), normalized quantitative anisotropy (NQA), and the isotropic value of the orientation distribution function (ISO)—were obtained in teenagers 13–16 years of age in order to find the association between maternal EDC concentrations and possible brain structure alterations in the teenagers’ brains. We found that there are several specific vulnerable brain areas/structures associated with prenatal exposure to EDCs, including decreased focal brain volume, primarily in the frontal lobe; high frontoparietal lobe, temporooccipital lobe and cerebellum; and white matter structural alterations, which showed a negative association with GFA/NQA and a positive association with ISO, primarily in the corpus callosum, external and internal capsules, corona radiata, superior fronto-occipital fasciculus, and superior longitudinal fasciculus. Prenatal exposure to EDCs may be associated with specific brain structure alterations in teenagers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Yu Shen
- Institute of Medicine and School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan; (C.-Y.S.); (J.-D.T.); (P.-H.S.); (M.-C.C.)
- Department of Medical Imaging, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
| | - Jun-Cheng Weng
- Bachelor Program in Artificial Intelligence, Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
- Medical Imaging Research Center, Institute for Radiological Research, Chang Gung University and Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi 613, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (J.-C.W.); (S.-L.W.); Tel.: +886-(3)-2118800 (ext. 5394) (J.-C.W.); +886-(3)-7246166 (ext. 36509) (S.-L.W.)
| | - Jeng-Dau Tsai
- Institute of Medicine and School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan; (C.-Y.S.); (J.-D.T.); (P.-H.S.); (M.-C.C.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
| | - Pen-Hua Su
- Institute of Medicine and School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan; (C.-Y.S.); (J.-D.T.); (P.-H.S.); (M.-C.C.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chih Chou
- Institute of Medicine and School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan; (C.-Y.S.); (J.-D.T.); (P.-H.S.); (M.-C.C.)
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Li Wang
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli 350, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (J.-C.W.); (S.-L.W.); Tel.: +886-(3)-2118800 (ext. 5394) (J.-C.W.); +886-(3)-7246166 (ext. 36509) (S.-L.W.)
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Xu H, Sheng J, Wu X, Zhan K, Tao S, Wen X, Liu W, Cudjoe O, Tao F. Moderating effects of plastic packaged food on association of urinary phthalate metabolites with emotional symptoms in Chinese adolescents. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 216:112171. [PMID: 33812210 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Previous research reports that diet is the main source of phthalate exposure to adolescents, and phthalate is associated with adolescent mental and behavioral problems. However, no study has explored the moderating effects of eating behavior in this association. This study aimed to analyze the moderating effects of plastic packaged food consumption in the longitudinal association between phthalate metabolite concentration and emotional symptoms in adolescents. This school-based survey was carried out among adolescents in two Chinese provinces. We conducted a baseline and follow-up surveys for 893 freshmen using the purposive sampling method from December 2018 to November 2019. We used food frequency questionnaire to assess eating behavior. The Chinese version of 21-item Depression Anxiety Stress Scales was used to assess emotional symptoms, and high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was used to analyze the concentration of six urine phthalate metabolites. The results of latent moderation model indicated that plastic packaged food consumption moderated the association of low molecular weight phthalate (LMWP) with depressive symptoms (β = 0.27, P = 0.002), anxiety symptoms (β = 0.89, P < 0.01), and stress symptoms (β = 0.23, P = 0.019). The moderating effects were significant at the higher scores (β = 0.14-0.35, P < 0.05) and/or the lower scores (β = -0.35 to -0.12, P < 0.05) of plastic packaged food consumption. The results suggest that plastic packaged food consumption to some extent moderates the longitudinal association of phthalate exposure with emotional symptoms in adolescents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Honglv Xu
- School of Medicine, Kunming University, 2 Puxin Road, Kunming 650214, Yunnan, PR China; Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, PR China
| | - Jie Sheng
- Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, PR China
| | - Xiaoyan Wu
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, PR China; Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, PR China
| | - Kai Zhan
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Product Safety Engineering, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Science, Hefei 230031, Anhui, PR China
| | - Shuman Tao
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, PR China; Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, PR China
| | - Xing Wen
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, PR China; Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, PR China
| | - Wenwen Liu
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, PR China; Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, PR China
| | - Obed Cudjoe
- University of Cape Coast, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, Cape Coast, Ghana; Department and the Key Laboratory of Microbiology and Parasitology, Anhui, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Fangbiao Tao
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, PR China; Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Haggerty DK, Strakovsky RS, Talge NM, Carignan CC, Glazier-Essalmi AN, Ingersoll BR, Karthikraj R, Kannan K, Paneth NS, Ruden DM. Prenatal phthalate exposures and autism spectrum disorder symptoms in low-risk children. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2021; 83:106947. [PMID: 33412243 PMCID: PMC7825926 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2021.106947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prenatal exposure to environmental chemicals has been associated with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) symptoms in some, but not all, studies, but most research has not accounted for other childhood behavior problems. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the specific associations of prenatal phthalate exposures with ASD symptoms in children (ages 3-6) accounting for other behavior problems, and to assess sex differences in these associations. METHODS We measured phthalate metabolites in prenatal urine samples. Mothers completed the Social Responsiveness Scale-2nd edition (SRS-2) to assess child ASD symptoms and the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) to assess general behavior problems. We assessed associations of the sum of di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate metabolites, monobutyl phthalate, mono-isobutyl phthalate, and monoethyl phthalate (mEP) with ASD symptoms, adjusting for other behavior problems, using linear regression models (n=77). RESULTS Most associations were null, and the sample size limited power to detect associations, particularly in the stratified analyses. After adjusting for internalizing and externalizing problems from the CBCL, ASD symptoms increased for each doubling of prenatal mEP concentration among boys only. CONCLUSIONS Further investigation of maternal prenatal urinary phthalate metabolite concentrations and ASD symptoms while adjusting for other behavioral problems is warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diana K Haggerty
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Rita S Strakovsky
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Nicole M Talge
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Courtney C Carignan
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | | | - Brooke R Ingersoll
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | | | - Kurunthachalam Kannan
- Department of Pediatrics, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Nigel S Paneth
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Douglas M Ruden
- Department of Ob/Gyn, Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, CS Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA; Institutes for Environmental Health Science, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Shin HM, Dhar U, Calafat AM, Nguyen V, Schmidt RJ, Hertz-Picciotto I. Temporal Trends of Exposure to Phthalates and Phthalate Alternatives in California Pregnant Women during 2007-2013: Comparison with Other Populations. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:13157-13166. [PMID: 32940456 PMCID: PMC8237562 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c03857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Phthalates with potential adverse health effects are being replaced by other phthalates or phthalate alternatives. Little is known about temporal trends of phthalate exposure in pregnant women in the United States. We quantified 16 metabolites of eight phthalates and di(isononyl) cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylate (DINCH) in 656 urine samples collected from 192 California pregnant women in 2007-2013 during their second and third trimesters of pregnancy who participated in the MARBLES (Markers of Autism Risk in Babies-Learning Early Signs) study. We used multiple regression to estimate least squares geometric means of phthalate biomarker concentrations and annual percent changes over the study period. Biomarker concentrations of diethyl phthalate (DEP) and three phthalates with known toxicity and adverse health effects (i.e., butyl benzyl phthalate [BBzP], dibutyl phthalate [DBP], di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate [DEHP]) decreased, while those of di-isobutyl phthalate [DiBP], di-isononyl phthalate [DiNP], and di-n-octyl phthalate [DOP] increased in California pregnant women during our study period. To understand broad social forces that may influence temporal trends and geographic variations in phthalate exposure across countries, we compared our phthalate biomarker concentrations with those of other populations. We observed over a factor of 2 differences in exposure across countries for some phthalate biomarkers and between pregnant and nonpregnant women for DEP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyeong-Moo Shin
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas, Arlington, Texas, USA
- Corresponding author: Hyeong-Moo Shin, Ph.D., University of Texas, Arlington, 500 Yates Street, Box 19049, Arlington, Texas 76019,
| | - Upasana Dhar
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas, Arlington, Texas, USA
| | | | - Vy Nguyen
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Rebecca J. Schmidt
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis, California, USA
- UC Davis MIND (Medical Investigations of Neurodevelopmental Disorders) Institute, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Irva Hertz-Picciotto
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis, California, USA
- UC Davis MIND (Medical Investigations of Neurodevelopmental Disorders) Institute, Sacramento, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Zhu YD, Wu XY, Yan SQ, Huang K, Tong J, Gao H, Xie Y, Tao SM, Ding P, Zhu P, Tao FB. Domain- and trimester-specific effect of prenatal phthalate exposure on preschooler cognitive development in the Ma'anshan Birth Cohort (MABC) study. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 142:105882. [PMID: 32593839 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phthalates are a group of heavily produced endocrine disruptors that are widely used in personal care products, food packaging, building materials, and medical device. Few epidemiological studies have examined the effect of repeated prenatal exposure to multiple phthalates on preschooler cognitive development. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to examine the association between prenatal phthalate exposure measured at multiple time points and the intelligent quotient (IQ) scores of preschoolers, and to further identify the critical windows and specific intelligence domains in which phthalate exposure would affect preschooler cognitive development. METHODS The current study was based on the Ma'anshan Birth Cohort (MABC) study. Seven phthalate metabolites were measured in 2128 maternal urine samples collected during the first, second, and third trimesters of pregnancy. The IQ score of preschool-aged children were assessed with the Chinese version of the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence, Fourth edition (WPPSI-Ⅳ CN). Linear mixed models (LMMs) were used to assess the longitudinal effects of repeated prenatal phthalate exposure on children's IQ score. Multiple linear regression models were fitted to determine whether critical window phthalate exposure would affect cognitive development of children. RESULTS Overall, the repeated measures analysis indicated that the verbal comprehension index (VCI), visual space index (VSI) and full-scale intelligence quotient (FSIQ) decreased by 0.30 (95% CI: -0.60, 0; p = 0.05), 0.32 (95% CI: -0.62, -0.01; p = 0.04), and 0.31 (95% CI:-0.57, -0.04; p = 0.02) points, respectively, with each ln-transformed increase in the metabolite concentration of MBP. The fluid reasoning index (FRI) and processing speed index (PSI) increased by 0.30 (95% CI: 0.07, 0.54; p = 0.01) and 0.28 (95% CI: 0.06, 0.51; p = 0.01) points, respectively, with each ln-concentration increase in MEP. Trimester-specific regression models stratified by the sample collection time during pregnancy generated consistent results. In the first trimester, each ln-transformed MBP increase was associated with reductions in VCI, VSI and FSIQ of 0.56 (95% CI:-1.09, -0.02; p = 0.04), 0.60 (95% CI:-1.15, -0.05; p = 0.03) and 0.49 (95% CI:-0.97, -0.01; p = 0.04) points, respectively. In the third trimester, we observed that only MBzP exposure was associated with an increase in VCI (β: 0.48, 95% CI: 0.03, 0.92; p = 0.04). The gender-stratified analyses revealed that boys drove these associations. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that prenatal phthalate exposure impairs the cognitive development of preschoolers. The first trimester of pregnancy might be the most vulnerable period in terms of neurotoxicitydue to phthalate exposure. These findings warrant further confirmation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Duo Zhu
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Wu
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Shuang-Qin Yan
- Ma'anshan Maternal and Child Healthcare (MCH) Center, Ma'anshan 243011, China
| | - Kun Huang
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Juan Tong
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Hui Gao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Yang Xie
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Shu-Man Tao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Peng Ding
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Peng Zhu
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Fang-Biao Tao
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Ma T, Hou J, Zhou Y, Chen Y, Qiu J, Wu J, Ding J, Han X, Li D. Dibutyl phthalate promotes juvenile Sertoli cell proliferation by decreasing the levels of the E3 ubiquitin ligase Pellino 2. Environ Health 2020; 19:87. [PMID: 32738922 PMCID: PMC7395429 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-020-00639-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A previous study showed that dibutyl phthalate (DBP) exposure disrupted the growth of testicular Sertoli cells (SCs). In the present study, we aimed to investigate the potential mechanism by which DBP promotes juvenile SC proliferation in vivo and in vitro. METHODS Timed pregnant BALB/c mice were exposed to vehicle, or DBP (50, 250, and 500 mg/kg/day) from 12.5 days of gestation until delivery. In vitro, CCK-8 and EdU incorporation assays were performed to determine the effect of monobutyl phthalate (MBP), the active metabolite of DBP, on the proliferation of TM4 cells, which are a juvenile testicular SC cell line. Western blotting analysis, quantitative PCR (q-PCR), and flow cytometry were performed to analyse the expression of genes and proteins related to the proliferation and apoptosis of TM4 cells. Coimmunoprecipitation was used to determine the relationship between the ubiquitination of interleukin 1 receptor-associated kinase 1 (IRAK1) and the effect of MBP on promoting the proliferation of TM4 cells. RESULTS In the 50 mg/kg/day DBP-exposed male mice offspring, the number of SCs was significantly increased. Consistent with the in vivo results, in vitro experiments revealed that 0.1 mM MBP treatment promoted the proliferation of TM4 cells. Furthermore, the data showed that 0.1 mM MBP-mediated downregulation of the E3 ubiquitin ligase Pellino 2 (Peli2) increased ubiquitination of IRAK1 by K63, which activated MAPK/JNK signalling, leading to the proliferation of TM4 cells. CONCLUSIONS Prenatal exposure to DBP led to abnormal proliferation of SCs in prepubertal mice by affecting ubiquitination of the key proliferation-related protein IRAK1 via downregulation of Peli2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tan Ma
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory & State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiwei Hou
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory & State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuan Zhou
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory & State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yusheng Chen
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory & State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiayin Qiu
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory & State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiang Wu
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory & State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jie Ding
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory & State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaodong Han
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory & State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dongmei Li
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory & State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, Jiangsu, China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, Jiangsu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Li Y, Li X, Xie M, Cheng L, Chen H, Sun H, Jiang L. [Toxicity of dibutyl phthalate in primary cultured rat hippocampal neurons and the toxicological mechanism]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2020; 40:225-232. [PMID: 32376539 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2020.02.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the neurotoxicity and toxicological mechanism of dibutyl phthalate (DBP) in primary cultured rat hippocampal neurons. METHODS Primary rat hippocampal neurons cultured for 4 days were exposed to 1 g/L DBP for 24, 48, or 96 h. Immunofluorescence assay and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to observe the morphological changes of the axons and the ultrastructure of DBP-treated neurons. The action potential (AP) of the hippocampal neurons was measured with patch-clamp electrophysiology. CCK-8 assay was used to detect the viability of the hippocampal neurons, and Western blotting was performed to determine the mRNA and protein expressions of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), neuropeptide Y (NPY) and estrogen receptor β (ERβ). High-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) was employed to detect the release of the neurotransmitter GABA. RESULTS After exposure to DBP for 96 h, the cellular network of the hippocampal neurons became sparse, and the neurons showed significantly decreased axonal length (P < 0.01) and presented with round cell nuclei, chromatin aggregation and cytoplasmic vacuolization. Patch-clamp electrophysiology revealed depolarization drift and increased frequency of discharge in the exposed neurons (P < 0.01). The neurons with DBP exposure for 24, 48 and 96 h all showed significantly decreased cell viability (P < 0.01). DBP exposure for 48 and 96 h significantly lowered the protein expressions of ERβ, BDNF and NPY, and a 96-h exposure significantly reduced the release of the neurotransmitter GABA in the neurons (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS DBP exposure causes morphological and functional damages of primary cultured rat hippocampal neurons. DBP-induced neurotoxicity is probably associated with GABA-mediated blockage of the ERβ-BDNF-NPY signaling communication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Xiujuan Li
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders/National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders/China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders/Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Mingdan Xie
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders/National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders/China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders/Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Li Cheng
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders/National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders/China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders/Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Hengsheng Chen
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders/National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders/China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders/Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Hong Sun
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders/National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders/China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders/Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Li Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
van den Dries MA, Guxens M, Spaan S, Ferguson KK, Philips E, Santos S, Jaddoe VW, Ghassabian A, Trasande L, Tiemeier H, Pronk A. Phthalate and Bisphenol Exposure during Pregnancy and Offspring Nonverbal IQ. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2020; 128:77009. [PMID: 32716663 PMCID: PMC7384796 DOI: 10.1289/ehp6047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prenatal exposures to phthalates and bisphenols are associated with impaired brain development in animals. However, epidemiological studies investigating the association between prenatal phthalate or bisphenol exposure and cognition have produced mixed findings and mostly had modest sample sizes and measured the exposure during the third trimester. OBJECTIVE We examined the association between pregnancy maternal urinary biomarkers of phthalate or bisphenol exposure and nonverbal intelligence quotient (IQ) in children 6 years of age. METHOD The study sample consisted of 1,282 mother-child pairs participating in the Generation R Study, a population-based birth cohort in Rotterdam, Netherlands (enrollment 2002-2006). We measured maternal urinary concentrations of 18 phthalate metabolites and 8 bisphenols at < 18 , 18-25, and > 25 wks of gestation. Child nonverbal IQ was measured at 6 years of age using the Snijders-Oomen Nonverbal Intelligence Test-Revised. Linear regression models were fit for each of the three collection phases separately, the three collection phases jointly, and for the averaged prenatal exposure across pregnancy. RESULTS Higher urinary concentrations of phthalate metabolites during early pregnancy were associated with lower child nonverbal IQ score [e.g., B per 10-fold increase in summed low-molecular weight phthalates = - 1.7 (95% CI: - 3.1 , - 0.3 )]. This association remained unchanged when adjusted for mid and late pregnancy exposures. We also observed an inverse association between late pregnancy di-n-octyl phthalate (DNOP) exposure and nonverbal IQ. Maternal urinary concentrations of bisphenols were not associated with child nonverbal IQ. There was no effect estimate modification by sex. CONCLUSIONS We did not observe that maternal biomarkers of bisphenol exposure are associated with nonverbal IQ. We found that phthalate exposure in early pregnancy and DNOP exposure in late pregnancy are associated with lower nonverbal IQ scores in children. Our results might suggest that particularly early pregnancy is a sensitive window of phthalate exposure, but future studies are needed to replicate our findings. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP6047.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michiel A. van den Dries
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Generation R Study Group, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Mònica Guxens
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain
- Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
| | - Suzanne Spaan
- Department of Risk Analysis for Products in Development, TNO, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Kelly K. Ferguson
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Elise Philips
- Generation R Study Group, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Susana Santos
- Generation R Study Group, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Vincent W.V. Jaddoe
- Generation R Study Group, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Akhgar Ghassabian
- Department of Pediatrics, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Leonardo Trasande
- Department of Pediatrics, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- New York University Wagner School of Public Service, New York, New York, USA
- New York University College of Global Public Health, New York, New York, USA
| | - Henning Tiemeier
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA
| | - Anjoeka Pronk
- Department of Risk Analysis for Products in Development, TNO, Utrecht, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Weng JC, Hong CI, Tasi JD, Shen CY, Su PH, Wang SL. The association between prenatal endocrine-disrupting chemical exposure and altered resting-state brain fMRI in teenagers. Brain Struct Funct 2020; 225:1669-1684. [PMID: 32448957 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-020-02089-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Many studies have reported that prenatal exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) can cause adverse behavioral effects or cognitive dysfunction in children. This study aimed to investigate a relationship of the concentration of prenatal EDCs and brain function in teenagers. We recruited 59 mother-child pairs during the third trimester of pregnancy, and collected and examined the concentration of EDCs, such as heavy metals, phthalates and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), in maternal urine and serum. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) data were collected in teenagers 13-16 years of age, and fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (fALFF) and regional homogeneity (ReHo) were performed to find the association between maternal EDC concentrations and the functional development of the teenage brain. We found a correlation between MBP concentration and activity in the superior frontal gyrus, middle frontal gyrus, middle temporal gyrus and inferior temporal gyrus in the combined group of boys and girls. We also observed a correlation between MBzP concentration and activity in the anterior cingulum gyrus and insula in girls. We found a correlation between lead concentration and activity in the cuneus in the combined group. We also observed a correlation between MeHg concentration and activity in the superior temporal gyrus, caudate nucleus and putamen in the combined group. The PFOS results revealed a negative relationship between activity in the right putamen in boys, girls and the combined group after phthalate or heavy metals were applied as covariates. The PFNA results showed a negative correlation between activity in the left/right putamen and left caudate nucleus in boys, girls and the combined group after phthalate, heavy metals or PFOS were applied as covariates. We examined the correlations between maternal EDC concentrations and brain development and found that the associations with resting-state teenage brains in some circumstances are sex-related.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Cheng Weng
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Medical Imaging Research Center, Institute for Radiological Research, Chang Gung University and Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Chi Ieong Hong
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jeng-Dau Tasi
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Pediatrics, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Yu Shen
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Imaging, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Pen-Hua Su
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Pediatrics, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Li Wang
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, 35 Keyan Rd., Zhunan, Miaoli County 350, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
P MB, M J R. Gestational and lactational exposition to di- n-butyl phthalate increases neurobehavioral perturbations in rats: A three generational comparative study. Toxicol Rep 2020; 7:480-491. [PMID: 32292708 PMCID: PMC7150435 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2020.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) cause significant deficits in cognition and memory, however the neuroanatomical basis for impairments remain poorly understood. This study evaluates neurobehavioral changes in rats for three successive generations between non-siblings by administering DBP at 500mg/kg bw dose through oral gavage from gestation day-6 to 21 and lactation (3-weeks). Weaning period evaluations and developmental deficits assessed showed variations specific to generation and the toxic potential of DBP was confounded by behavioral deficits that include changes in sensorimotor development reflex response, poor performance, low memory retention and greater latency period. The cytoarchitectural alterations witnessed in hippocampus include condensed nuclei, vacuole formation and remarkable degeneration, shrinkage of pyramidal neurons in CA1 and CA3 regions; disorganized hilar cells and hyperplasia in dentate gyrus. Comparatively, the enlisted changes were high in subsequent generations than preceding and correlates assessed between cognitive impairment(s) and endocrine function confirm a link indicating vulnerability of immature animals as target to disrupt neural and endocrine functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahaboob Basha P
- Department of Zoology, Bangalore University, Bangalore, 560 056, India
| | - Radha M J
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetics, Ramaiah College of Arts, Science and Commerce, Bangalore, 560 054, India
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Lee SM, Jeon S, Jeong HJ, Kim BN, Kim Y. Dibutyl phthalate exposure during gestation and lactation in C57BL/6 mice: Maternal behavior and neurodevelopment in pups. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 182:109025. [PMID: 31841868 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.109025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Neurotoxic effects of phthalate during pregnancy on immature brain of the offspring or mature brains of the mothers remain unclear. We examined the effect of dibutyl phthalate (DBP) exposure during gestation and lactation on the maternal behavior of mother mice and neurodevelopment in pups. METHODS Pregnant mice were treated orally with DBP (0, 50 and 100 mg/kg/day, N = 20 per group) from gestational day 13 to postnatal day (PND) 15. Maternal behavior was measured using pup retrieval and nest shape test at postpartum day 4. For the pups, the neurodevelopment was measured using negative geotaxis, cliff avoidance at PND 7, swimming test and olfactory orientation at PND 14. RNA and protein expressions in the brain cortex of 50 mg/kg/day and control group (0 mg/kg/day) were analyzed using microarray and Western blot analysis. Nissl-stained sections at the coronal level of interaural 2.56 mm, bregma -1,23 mm, were used for counting of dark cortical neurons in mother and pup mice. RESULTS DBP treated mother mice (50 and 100 mg/kg/day) showed poor maternal behavior, poor nesting and retrieval behavior compared to the control group (0 mg/kg/day). In brain cortex, DBP-treated mothers showed decrease in protein expression of Nr4a3, Egr1, Arc, BDNF and phosphorylation of AKT and CREB, were also decreased in cortex of DBP-treated mothers. Pups exposed to DBP showed significantly decreased scores in negative geotaxis at PND 7 and swimming scores and olfactory orientation tests at PND 14. The cortex of the DBP exposed pups showed increase in expression of dopamine receptor D2 gene. Nissl staining showed that the dark neurons were increased in cortex of DBP treated mothers and DBP exposed pups. Suggesting that phthalate may delay pup development indirectly through inadequate mothering as well as direct phthalate exposure on the brain. CONCLUSION DBP exposure during gestation and lactation cause impairment in maternal behaviors and downregulation of neuronal plasticity and survival signals. Pups of mothers with exposed to DBP, showed delayed neurodevelopment and dark neurons increase in brain cortex, suggesting that phthalate may delay pup development indirectly through inadequate mothering as well as direct phthalate exposure on the brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seong Mi Lee
- Department of Mental Health Research, National Center for Mental Health, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Songhee Jeon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Center for Creative Biomedical Scientists at Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha Jin Jeong
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Center for Creative Biomedical Scientists at Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Bung-Nyun Kim
- Division of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeni Kim
- Department of Mental Health Research, National Center for Mental Health, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Psychiatry, Dongguk University International Hospital, Dongguk University Medical School, Goyang, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Nelson W, Wang YX, Sakwari G, Ding YB. Review of the Effects of Perinatal Exposure to Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals in Animals and Humans. REVIEWS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2020; 251:131-184. [PMID: 31129734 DOI: 10.1007/398_2019_30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Maternal exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) is associated with long-term hormone-dependent effects that are sometimes not revealed until maturity, middle age, or adulthood. The aim of this study was to conduct descriptive reviews on animal experimental and human epidemiological evidence of the adverse health effects of in utero and lactational exposure to selected EDCs on the first generation and subsequent generation of the exposed offspring. PubMed, Web of Science, and Toxline databases were searched for relevant human and experimental animal studies on 29 October 29 2018. Search results were screened for relevance, and studies that met the inclusion criteria were evaluated and qualitative data extracted for analysis. The search yielded 73 relevant human and 113 animal studies. Results from studies show that in utero and lactational exposure to EDCs is associated with impairment of reproductive, immunologic, metabolic, neurobehavioral, and growth physiology of the exposed offspring up to the fourth generation without additional exposure. Little convergence is seen between animal experiments and human studies in terms of the reported adverse health effects which might be associated with methodologic challenges across the studies. Based on the available animal and human evidence, in utero and lactational exposure to EDCs is detrimental to the offspring. However, more human studies are necessary to clarify the toxicological and pathophysiological mechanisms underlying these effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William Nelson
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproductive and Development, Department of Reproductive Biology, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying-Xiong Wang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproductive and Development, Department of Reproductive Biology, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Gloria Sakwari
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health and Social Sciences, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es salaam, Tanzania
| | - Yu-Bin Ding
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproductive and Development, Department of Reproductive Biology, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Lee W, Cho JH, Lee Y, Lee S, Kim DH, Ha S, Kondo Y, Ishigami A, Chung HY, Lee J. Dibutyl phthalate impairs neural progenitor cell proliferation and hippocampal neurogenesis. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 129:239-248. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.04.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
|
36
|
Li N, Papandonatos GD, Calafat AM, Yolton K, Lanphear BP, Chen A, Braun JM. Identifying periods of susceptibility to the impact of phthalates on children's cognitive abilities. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 172:604-614. [PMID: 30878731 PMCID: PMC6511335 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early-life phthalate exposures may adversely affect children's neurodevelopment by disrupting thyroid function, reducing gonadal hormone levels, or altering fatty acid concentrations in the brain. This study aimed to identify periods of heightened susceptibility during gestation, infancy, and childhood to the impact of phthalates on children's cognitive abilities. METHODS We used data from 253 mother-child pairs in the Health Outcomes and Measures of the Environment (HOME) Study (Cincinnati, Ohio), a longitudinal pregnancy and birth cohort. We quantified urinary concentrations of 11 phthalate metabolites in samples collected twice during gestation and 6 times during study visits when children were aged 1-8 years using a modified method of on-line solid phase extraction coupled with isotope dilution-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. We assessed children's intelligence (IQ) at ages 5 and 8 years using the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence-III and Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-IV, respectively. We estimated covariate-adjusted associations between a 1-standard deviation increase in log10-transformed urinary phthalate metabolite concentrations at each visit and children's IQ, adjusting for demographic, perinatal, and child factors; we tested for differences in these associations across visits using multiple informant models. RESULTS Associations between some phthalate metabolites and IQ varied by visit (phthalate x visit interaction p-values<0.20). The sum of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate metabolites (ΣDEHP), mono(3-carboxypropyl) phthalate, and monoethyl phthalate at age 3 years, and monobenzyl phthalate at 16 weeks gestation and child ages 3, 5, and 8 years were inversely associated with children's full-scale IQ. For example, each 1-standard deviation increase in ΣDEHP at age 3 was associated with a 1.9-point decrease in full-scale IQ (95% confidence interval: -3.7, -0.2). Mono-n-butyl phthalate and mono-isobutyl phthalate at age 4 years were positively associated with children's full-scale IQ. CONCLUSION Urinary concentrations of several phthalate metabolites at age 3 years, compared to other time periods, were more strongly associated with decreased cognitive abilities in these children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nan Li
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, 121 South Main Street, Providence, RI, United States.
| | - George D Papandonatos
- Department of Biostatistics, Brown University, 121 South Main Street, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Antonia M Calafat
- National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Kimberly Yolton
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of General and Community Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Bruce P Lanphear
- Child and Family Research Institute, British Columbia Children's Hospital, 950 West 28th Ave, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Aimin Chen
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 160 Panzeca Way, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Joseph M Braun
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, 121 South Main Street, Providence, RI, United States
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Zhang Q, Chen XZ, Huang X, Wang M, Wu J. The association between prenatal exposure to phthalates and cognition and neurobehavior of children-evidence from birth cohorts. Neurotoxicology 2019; 73:199-212. [PMID: 31004626 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2019.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phthalate have been detected widely in the environment; while several studies have indicated that prenatal phthalate exposure has adverse effects on neurodevelopment, the results were inconsistent. OBJECTIVE We aimed to determine the current research status of the relationship between prenatal exposure to different types of phthalate and cognition and behavioral development in children. We conducted a systematic review to evaluate the current state of knowledge. METHODS We systematically searched PubMed, Web of Science, and EMBASE electronic databases up to May 2018 with manual searches of the references of retrieved publications and relevant reviews. Only birth cohort studies that reported on the association between phthalate exposure and cognitive or behavioral development were included in this review. We evaluated the risk of bias for each of the included studies using a modified instrument based on the Cochrane Collaboration's "Risk of Bias" tool. RESULT Twenty-six birth cohort studies met our inclusion criteria, nine of which investigated the impact of phthalate exposure during pregnancy on cognition, 13 on neurobehavior, and 4 on both cognition and neurobehavior. However, ten articles reported that the effect of prenatal exposure to phthalates on cognitive development was statistically significant, 15 articles reported that the effect of prenatal exposure to phthalates on neurobehavior was statistically significant. The effect of prenatal phthalate exposure on neurodevelopment differed according to sex, but the results are inconsistent, for instance, among the five studies investigating the association between mental development index (MDI) and Mono-n-butyl phthalate (MnBP), two of them showed a significantly decreasing MDI scores with increasing concentrations of MnBP among girls, but among boys one study showed the inverse association, another showed the positive association. CONCLUSION Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, dibutyl phthalate, butyl-benzyl phthalate and di-ethyl phthalate exposure during pregnancy was associated with lower cognitive scores and worse behavior in offspring, and sex-specific effects on cognitive, psychomotor, and behavioral development were identified, especially the impact of phthalate exposure on neurobehavior in boys.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Zhen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Wu
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
A Review of Biomonitoring of Phthalate Exposures. TOXICS 2019; 7:toxics7020021. [PMID: 30959800 PMCID: PMC6630674 DOI: 10.3390/toxics7020021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 367] [Impact Index Per Article: 73.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Phthalates (diesters of phthalic acid) are widely used as plasticizers and additives in many consumer products. Laboratory animal studies have reported the endocrine-disrupting and reproductive effects of phthalates, and human exposure to this class of chemicals is a concern. Several phthalates have been recognized as substances of high concern. Human exposure to phthalates occurs mainly via dietary sources, dermal absorption, and air inhalation. Phthalates are excreted as conjugated monoesters in urine, and some phthalates, such as di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP), undergo secondary metabolism, including oxidative transformation, prior to urinary excretion. The occurrence of phthalates and their metabolites in urine, serum, breast milk, and semen has been widely reported. Urine has been the preferred matrix in human biomonitoring studies, and concentrations on the order of several tens to hundreds of nanograms per milliliter have been reported for several phthalate metabolites. Metabolites of diethyl phthalate (DEP), dibutyl- (DBP) and diisobutyl- (DiBP) phthalates, and DEHP were the most abundant compounds measured in urine. Temporal trends in phthalate exposures varied among countries. In the United States (US), DEHP exposure has declined since 2005, whereas DiNP exposure has increased. In China, DEHP exposure has increased since 2000. For many phthalates, exposures in children are higher than those in adults. Human epidemiological studies have shown a significant association between phthalate exposures and adverse reproductive outcomes in women and men, type II diabetes and insulin resistance, overweight/obesity, allergy, and asthma. This review compiles biomonitoring studies of phthalates and exposure doses to assess health risks from phthalate exposures in populations across the globe.
Collapse
|
39
|
Yan B, Sun Y, Zeng J, Chen Y, Li C, Song P, Zhang L, Yang X, Wu Y, Ma P. Combined use of vitamin E and nimodipine ameliorates dibutyl phthalate-induced memory deficit and apoptosis in mice by inhibiting the ERK 1/2 pathway. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2019; 368:1-17. [PMID: 30776390 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2019.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Learning disabilities (LDs) in children are a serious global problem. Dibutyl phthalate (DBP), a plasticizer widely used in daily life, has been linked to triggering childhood LDs, however the mechanism underlying this remains unclear. Studies have shown that the ERK 1/2 pathway is closely related to apoptosis of hippocampal neurons. On the basis of these links between LDs, DBP and the ERK 1/2 pathway, we explore whether DBP induces hippocampal neuron apoptosis and increases behavioral disorders in mice via the ERK 1/2 pathway. We looked at oxidative stress, examined the calcium signal, detected the ERK 1/2 pathway and evaluated apoptosis as well as using histological observations, and found that DBP significantly increased oxidative damage and apoptosis in hippocampal neurons via the ERK 1/2 pathway in mice. We also found that pretreatment with the dihydropyridine's (DHP's) Ca2+ antagonist, nimodipine (NMDP), combined with the antioxidant Vitamin E (VE), attenuated ERK 1/2 phosphorylation and DBP-mediated disorders, suggesting that a combined use of VE and NMDP can ameliorate DBP-induced memory deficit and apoptosis via inhibiting the ERK 1/2 pathway. These results indicate that DBP predisposes oxidative damage and apoptosis in hippocampal neurons by activation of the ERK 1/2 pathway, and may be proposed as a possible mechanism underlying LDs in children. Moreover, VE and NMDP may play a certain protective role in the targeted treatment of childhood LDs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Biao Yan
- Laboratory of Environment-Immunological and Neurological Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China
| | - Yanling Sun
- Laboratory of Environment-Immunological and Neurological Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China
| | - Jie Zeng
- Laboratory of Environment-Immunological and Neurological Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China
| | - Yingying Chen
- Laboratory of Environment-Immunological and Neurological Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China
| | - Chongyao Li
- Laboratory of Environment-Immunological and Neurological Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China
| | - Peng Song
- Laboratory of Environment-Immunological and Neurological Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Laboratory of Environment-Immunological and Neurological Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China
| | - Xu Yang
- Laboratory of Environment-Immunological and Neurological Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China
| | - Yang Wu
- Laboratory of Environment-Immunological and Neurological Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China.
| | - Ping Ma
- Laboratory of Environment-Immunological and Neurological Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Kassab RB, Lokman MS, Essawy EA. Neurochemical alterations following the exposure to di-n-butyl phthalate in rats. Metab Brain Dis 2019; 34:235-244. [PMID: 30446882 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-018-0341-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Due to its ability to cross blood brain barrier and placenta, dibutyl phthalate (di-n-butyl phthalate, DBP) is expected to cause severe side effects to the central nervous system of animals and humans. A little data is available about the potential DBP neurotoxicity; therefore, this work was designed to investigate the brain tissue injury induced by DBP exposure. Forty Wister albino rats were allocated randomly into 4 groups (10 rats each). Group 1 served as control and the rats administered with physiological saline (0.9% NaCl) orally for 12 weeks. Groups 2, 3 and 4 were orally treated with DPB (100, 250 and 500 mg/kg) respectively for 12 weeks. DBP-intoxicated rats showed a disturbance in the oxidative status in cerebral cortex, striatum and brainstem, as represented by the elevated oxidants [malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG)] and the decreased antioxidant molecules [reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione reductase (GR)]. DBP also enhanced a pro-inflammatory state through increasing the release of tumor necrosis factor- α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β). The increase of these cytokines was associated with the increase of pro-apoptotic proteins [Bcl-2 associated X protein (Bax) and caspase-3] and the decrease of the anti-apoptotic protein, B cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2). In addition, the levels of norepinephrine (NE), dopamine (DA) and acetylcholine esterase (AChE) activity were decreased. This was accompanied by the alterations in the major excitatory and inhibitory amino acids neurotransmitters levels. The present findings indicated that DBP could exert its neuronal damage through oxidative stress, DNA oxidation, neuroinflammation, activation of apoptotic proteins and altering the monoaminergic, cholinergic and amino acids transmission.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rami B Kassab
- Zoology and Entomology Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, 11795, Egypt.
| | - Maha S Lokman
- Zoology and Entomology Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, 11795, Egypt
| | - Ehab A Essawy
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, 11795, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Shin HM, Schmidt RJ, Tancredi D, Barkoski J, Ozonoff S, Bennett DH, Hertz-Picciotto I. Prenatal exposure to phthalates and autism spectrum disorder in the MARBLES study. Environ Health 2018; 17:85. [PMID: 30518373 PMCID: PMC6280477 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-018-0428-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence from experimental and observational studies suggests that prenatal phthalate exposures may be associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). We examined whether prenatal phthalate exposures were associated with an increased risk of ASD. METHODS We quantified 14 metabolites of eight phthalates in 636 multiple maternal urine samples collected during 2nd and 3rd trimesters of pregnancy from 201 mother-child pairs in MARBLES (Markers of Autism Risk in Babies - Learning Early Signs), a high-risk ASD longitudinal cohort. At 3 years old, children were clinically assessed for ASD and classified into three diagnostic categories: ASD (n = 46), non-typical development (Non-TD, n = 55), and typical development (TD, n = 100). We used multinomial logistic regression to evaluate the association of phthalate metabolite concentrations with ASD and Non-TD. RESULTS Most associations of phthalate biomarkers with both ASD and Non-TD were null, with the exception that monoethyl phthalate (MEP) was significantly associated with an increased risk of Non-TD (per 2.72-fold relative increase in concentration: Relative risk ratio (RRR) = 1.38; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.01, 1.90). When stratified by prenatal vitamin use during the first month of pregnancy, among mothers who took vitamins, ASD risk was inversely associated with mono-isobutyl phthalate (MiBP, RRR = 0.44; 95% CI: 0.21, 0.88), mono(3-carboxypropyl) phthalate (MCPP, RRR = 0.41; 95% CI: 0.20, 0.83) and mono-carboxyisooctyl phthalate (MCOP, RRR = 0.49; 95% CI: 0.27, 0.88), but among mothers who did not take prenatal vitamins, Non-TD risk was positively associated with MCPP (RRR = 5.09; 95% CI: 2.05, 12.6), MCOP (RRR = 1.86; 95% CI: 1.01, 3.39), and mono-carboxyisononyl phthalate (MCNP, RRR = 3.67; 95% CI: 1.80, 7.48). When stratified by sex, among boys, MEP, monobenzyl phthalate, MCPP, MCNP, and sum of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate metabolites (ΣDEHP) were positively associated with Non-TD risk, but associations with ASD were null. Among girls, associations with both ASD and Non-TD were null. CONCLUSIONS Our study showed that phthalate exposures in mid- to late pregnancy were not associated with ASD in children from this high-risk ASD cohort. Further studies should be conducted in the general population without high-risk genes to confirm our findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyeong-Moo Shin
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis, California, USA.
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas, Arlington, TX, USA.
| | - Rebecca J Schmidt
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis, California, USA
- UC Davis MIND (Medical Investigations of Neurodevelopmental Disorders) Institute, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Daniel Tancredi
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Jacqueline Barkoski
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Sally Ozonoff
- UC Davis MIND (Medical Investigations of Neurodevelopmental Disorders) Institute, Sacramento, California, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Deborah H Bennett
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Irva Hertz-Picciotto
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis, California, USA
- UC Davis MIND (Medical Investigations of Neurodevelopmental Disorders) Institute, Sacramento, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Mu X, Huang Y, Li J, Yang K, Yang W, Shen G, Li X, Lei Y, Pang S, Wang C, Li X, Li Y. New insights into the mechanism of phthalate-induced developmental effects. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 241:674-683. [PMID: 29902750 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.05.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 05/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the biological pathways involved in phthalate-induced developmental effects, zebrafish embryos were exposed to different concentrations of di-(2-ethylhexyl) (DEHP) and di-butyl phthalate (DBP) for 96 h. Embryonic exposure to DEHP and DBP induced body length decrease, yolk sac abnormities, and immune responses (up-regulation of immune proteins and genes). The lipidomic results showed that at a concentration of 50 μg/L, DEHP and DBP significantly reduced the levels of fatty acids, triglycerides, diacylglycerol, and cholesterol. These effects are partly explained by biological pathway enrichment based on data from the transcriptional and proteomic profiles. Co-exposure to DBP and ER antagonist did not significantly relieve the toxic symptoms compared with exposure to DBP alone. This indicates that phthalate-induced developmental abnormities in zebrafish might not be mediated by the ER pathway. In conclusion, we identified the possible biological pathways that mediate phthalate-induced developmental effects and found that these effects may not be driven by estrogenic activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiyan Mu
- Fishery Resource and Environment Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Beijing, PR China.
| | - Ying Huang
- Fishery Resource and Environment Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Jia Li
- Fishery Resource and Environment Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Ke Yang
- Fishery Resource and Environment Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Wenbo Yang
- Fishery Resource and Environment Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Gongming Shen
- Fishery Resource and Environment Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Xuxing Li
- Fishery Resource and Environment Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yunlei Lei
- Fishery Resource and Environment Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Sen Pang
- College of Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Chengju Wang
- College of Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Xuefeng Li
- College of Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Yingren Li
- Fishery Resource and Environment Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Beijing, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Perinatal Exposure to an Environmentally Relevant Mixture of Phthalates Results in a Lower Number of Neurons and Synapses in the Medial Prefrontal Cortex and Decreased Cognitive Flexibility in Adult Male and Female Rats. J Neurosci 2018; 38:6864-6872. [PMID: 30012688 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0607-18.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The growth and organization of the developing brain are known to be influenced by hormones, but little is known about whether disruption of hormones affects cortical regions, such as mPFC. This region is particularly important given its involvement in executive functions and implication in the pathology of many neuropsychiatric disorders. Here, we examine the long-term effects of perinatal exposure to endocrine-disrupting compounds, the phthalates, on the mPFC and associated behavior. This investigation is pertinent as humans are ubiquitously exposed to phthalates through a variety of consumer products and phthalates can readily cross the placenta and be delivered to offspring via lactation. Pregnant dams orally consumed an environmentally relevant mixture of phthalates at 0, 200, or 1000 μg/kg/d through pregnancy and for 10 d while lactating. As adults, offspring were tested in an attentional set-shifting task, which assesses cognitive flexibility. Brains were also examined in adulthood for stereological quantification of the number of neurons, glia, and synapses within the mPFC. We found that, independent of sex, perinatal phthalate exposure at either dose resulted in a reduction in neuron number, synapse number, and size of the mPFC and a deficit in cognitive flexibility. Interestingly, the number of synapses was correlated with cognitive flexibility, such that rats with fewer synapses were less cognitively flexible than those with more synapses. These results demonstrate that perinatal phthalate exposure can have long-term effects on the cortex and behavior of both male and female rats.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Humans globally are exposed on a daily basis to a variety of phthalates, which are endocrine-disrupting chemicals. The effects of phthalate exposure on the developing brain, especially on cognitively relevant regions, such as the mPFC, are not known. Here, we use a rat model of human prenatal exposure to an environmentally relevant mixture of phthalates and find that there is an appreciable reduction in neuron number, synapse number, and size of the mPFC and a deficit in cognitive flexibility. These results may have serious implications for humans given that the mPFC is involved in executive functions and is implicated in the pathology of many neuropsychiatric disorders.
Collapse
|
44
|
Sicińska P. Di-n-butyl phthalate, butylbenzyl phthalate and their metabolites induce haemolysis and eryptosis in human erythrocytes. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 203:44-53. [PMID: 29605748 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.03.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Phthalates have been extensively used as plasticizers in various fields, including food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industry. Those compounds do not form covalent bonds to substances they are being added to, and thus they may migrate easily and penetrate various products used every day. They may reach organisms with air, food, or by a direct skin contact. Significant levels of phthalates and their metabolites are found in urine, breast milk, blood serum, venous blood, and cord blood. The purpose of this study was to assess the simple toxicity (haemolysis) and programmed death (eryptosis) caused by following phthalates: di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP), butylbenzyl phthalate (BBP) and their metabolites: mono-n-butyl phthalate (MBP) and mono-benzyl phthalate (MBzP) in vitro in human RBCs. RBCs were incubated with the above mentioned compounds at concentrations ranging between 0.5 and 500 μg/mL for 24 h. Obtained results demonstrated that DBP and BBP possess higher haemolytic properties compared to their metabolites. The lethal concentration (LC50) was determined. The value was 126.37 ± 5.94 μg/mL for DBP, and 103.65 ± 4.03 μg/mL for BBP, and for metabolites the LC50 value was over 500 μg/mL. All compounds induced eryptosis causing translocation of phosphatidylserine, increased cytosolic calcium ions level, increased caspase-3 and calpain activation in human erythrocytes. BBP caused translocation of phosphatidylserine at a lower concentration compared to DBP. In case of other parameters, more pronounced changes were evoked by DBP at lower concentrations. Metabolites showed a significantly lower toxicity compared to parent compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Sicińska
- Department of Biophysics of Environmental Pollution, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz., Pomorska 141/143 St. 90-236 Lodz, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Zhang H, Hua Y, Chen J, Li X, Bai X, Wang H. Organism-derived phthalate derivatives as bioactive natural products. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART C, ENVIRONMENTAL CARCINOGENESIS & ECOTOXICOLOGY REVIEWS 2018; 36:125-144. [PMID: 30444179 DOI: 10.1080/10590501.2018.1490512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Phthalates are widely used in polymer materials as a plasticizer. These compounds possess potent toxic variations depending on their chemical structures. However, a growing body of evidence indicates that phthalate compounds are undoubtedly discovered in secondary metabolites of organisms, including plants, animals and microorganisms. This review firstly summarizes biological sources of various phthalates and their bioactivities reported during the past few decades as well as their environmental toxicities and public health risks. It suggests that these organisms are one of important sources of natural phthalates with diverse profiles of bioactivity and toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huawei Zhang
- a School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Zhejiang University of Technology , Hangzhou , China
| | - Yi Hua
- a School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Zhejiang University of Technology , Hangzhou , China
| | - Jianwei Chen
- a School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Zhejiang University of Technology , Hangzhou , China
| | - Xiuting Li
- b Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University , Beijing , China
| | - Xuelian Bai
- c College of Life and Environmental Sciences , Hangzhou Normal University , Hangzhou , China
| | - Hong Wang
- a School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Zhejiang University of Technology , Hangzhou , China
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Hu D, Wang YX, Chen WJ, Zhang Y, Li HH, Xiong L, Zhu HP, Chen HY, Peng SX, Wan ZH, Zhang Y, Du YK. Associations of phthalates exposure with attention deficits hyperactivity disorder: A case-control study among Chinese children. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 229:375-385. [PMID: 28614761 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.05.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Revised: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Researches on associations between phthalates exposure and child attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are inconsistent. This study aimed to evaluate the associations of urinary phthalates with ADHD, co-occurring oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), related symptoms and behavior problems among Chinese children. We enrolled 225 ADHD cases and 225 healthy controls aged 6-13 years old in Liuzhou, China. Each child provided repeated urine samples at 4 visits. Eight phthalate metabolites were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry. Child ADHD symptoms and related behaviors were assessed using Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham Version IV scale and child behavior checklist. Higher urinary concentrations of mono(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate (MEHHP), mono(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate (MEOHP), mono-(2-ethyl)-hexyl phthalate (MEHP) were dose-dependently associated with ADHD [odds ratios (ORs) ranged from 2.35 to 3.04 for the highest vs. the lowest tertile] and co-occurring ODD (ORs ranged from 3.27 to 4.44 for the highest vs. the lowest tertile) in the multivariable logistic regression models (all p for trend ≤ 0.01), which were consistent with positive trends of increased scores of inattention domain, hyperactive domain and ODD symptoms (all p for trend ≤ 0.01). Besides, the monomethyl phthalate (MMP) concentration was associated with higher scores of inattention domain and ODD symptoms (both p < 0.05). Additionally, the MEHHP, MEOHP and MEHP concentrations were related to child attention problems, aggressive behaviors and externalizing behaviors (all p < 0.05). We also observed positive associations of the MEHP concentration with depressed behaviors and internalizing behaviors (all p < 0.05). Our results indicate that child exposure to phthalates may contribute to ADHD, ODD and externalizing and internalizing behavior problems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Hu
- Department of Maternal and Child Health Care, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Yi-Xin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Wen-Jing Chen
- Department of Maternal and Child Health Care, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Psychological and Behavioral Development, Women and Children Healthcare Hospital, Liuzhou, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, PR China
| | - Hong-Hui Li
- Department of Psychological and Behavioral Development, Women and Children Healthcare Hospital, Liuzhou, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, PR China
| | - Li Xiong
- Department of Psychological and Behavioral Development, Women and Children Healthcare Hospital, Liuzhou, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, PR China
| | - Hui-Ping Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Hong-Yan Chen
- Department of Maternal and Child Health Care, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Song-Xu Peng
- Department of Maternal and Child Health Care, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Zhi-Hua Wan
- Department of Maternal and Child Health Care, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health Care, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Yu-Kai Du
- Department of Maternal and Child Health Care, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Pinkas A, Gonçalves CL, Aschner M. Neurotoxicity of fragrance compounds: A review. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2017; 158:342-349. [PMID: 28683407 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2017.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Revised: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Fragrance compounds are chemicals belonging to one of several families, which are used frequently and globally in cosmetics, household products, foods and beverages. A complete list of such compounds is rarely found on the ingredients-list of such products, as "fragrance mixtures" are defined as "trade secrets" and thus protected by law. While some information regarding the general toxicity of some of these compounds is available, their neurotoxicity is known to a lesser extent. Here, we discuss the prevalence and neurotoxicity of fragrance compounds belonging to the three most common groups: phthalates, synthetic musks and chemical sensitizers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adi Pinkas
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Jack and Pearl Resnick Campus, 1300, Morris Park Avenue, Forchheimer Building, Room 209, Bronx, NY 10461, United States.
| | - Cinara Ludvig Gonçalves
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Jack and Pearl Resnick Campus, 1300, Morris Park Avenue, Forchheimer Building, Room 209, Bronx, NY 10461, United States
| | - Michael Aschner
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Jack and Pearl Resnick Campus, 1300, Morris Park Avenue, Forchheimer Building, Room 209, Bronx, NY 10461, United States
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Estrela FN, Rabelo LM, Vaz BG, de Oliveira Costa DR, Pereira I, de Lima Rodrigues AS, Malafaia G. Short-term social memory deficits in adult female mice exposed to tannery effluent and possible mechanism of action. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 184:148-158. [PMID: 28586655 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.05.174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Revised: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The accumulated organic residues in tannery-plant courtyards are an eating attraction to small rodents; however, the contact of these animals with these residues may change their social behavior. Thus, the aim of the present study is to investigate whether the exposure to tannery effluent (TE) can damage the social recognition memory of female Swiss mice, as well as to assess whether vitamin C supplementation could provide information about how TE constituents can damage these animals' memory. We have observed that resident females exposed to TE (without vitamin supplementation) did not explore the anogenital region, their body or chased intruding females for shorter time or with lower frequency during the retest session of the social recognition test, fact that indicates social recognition memory deficit in these animals. Such finding is reinforced by the confirmation that there was no change in the animals' olfactory function during the buried food test, or locomotor changes in females exposed to the pollutant. Since no behavioral change was observed in the females exposed to TE and treated with vitamin C (before or after the exposure), it is possible saying that these social cognitive impairments seem to be directly related to the imbalance between the cellular production of reactive oxygen species and the counteracting antioxidant mechanisms (oxidative stress) in female mice exposed to the pollutant (without vitamin supplementation). Therefore, the present study evidences that the direct contact with tannery effluent, even for a short period-of-time, may cause short-term social memory deficits in adult female Swiss mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Neves Estrela
- Laboratório de Pesquisas Biológicas, Instituto Federal Goiano - Campus Urutaí, GO, Brazil
| | - Letícia Martins Rabelo
- Laboratório de Pesquisas Biológicas, Instituto Federal Goiano - Campus Urutaí, GO, Brazil
| | - Boniek Gontijo Vaz
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, Universidade Federal de Goiás - Campus Samambaia, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | | | - Igor Pereira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, Universidade Federal de Goiás - Campus Samambaia, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Aline Sueli de Lima Rodrigues
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Conservação de Recursos Naturais do Cerrado, Instituto Federal Goiano - Campus Urutaí, GO, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Malafaia
- Laboratório de Pesquisas Biológicas, Instituto Federal Goiano - Campus Urutaí, GO, Brazil; Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Conservação de Recursos Naturais do Cerrado, Instituto Federal Goiano - Campus Urutaí, GO, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade Animal, Universidade Federal de Goiás - Campus Samambaia, Goiânia, GO, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Fournier K, Baumont E, Glorennec P, Bonvallot N. Relative toxicity for indoor semi volatile organic compounds based on neuronal death. Toxicol Lett 2017; 279:33-42. [PMID: 28709981 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2017.07.875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Semi Volatile Organic Compounds (SVOCs) are contaminants commonly found in dwellings as a result of their use as plasticizers, flame retardants, or pesticides in building materials and consumer products. Many SVOCs are suspected of being neurotoxic, based on mammal experimentation (impairment of locomotor activity, spatial learning/memory or behavioral changes), raising the question of cumulative risk assessment. The aim of this work is to estimate the relative toxicity of such SVOCs, based on neuronal death. METHOD SVOCs fulfilling the following conditions were included: detection frequency >10% in dwellings, availability of data on effects or mechanism of action for neurotoxicity, and availability of dose-response relationships based on cell viability assays as a proxy of neuronal death. Benchmark concentration values (BMC) were estimated using a Hill model, and compared to assess relative toxicity. RESULTS Of the 58 SVOCs selected, 28 were suspected of being neurotoxic in mammals, and 21 have been documented as inducing a decrease in cell viability in vitro. 13 have at least one dose-response relationship that can be used to derive a BMC based on a 10% fall in neuronal viability. Based on this in vitro endpoint, PCB-153 appeared to be the most toxic compound, having the lowest BMC10 (0.072μM) and diazinon the least toxic compound, having the highest BMC10 (94.35μM). We showed that experimental designs (in particular choice of cell lines) had a significant influence on BMC calculation. CONCLUSION For the first time, the relative in vitro toxicity of 13 indoor contaminants belonging to different chemical families has been assessed on the basis of neuronal cell viability. Lack of comparable toxicity datasets limits the number of SVOCs that can be included. More standardized protocols in terms of cell lines, species and exposure duration should be developed with a view to cumulative risk assessment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Fournier
- EHESP School of Public Health, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Avenue du Professeur Léon Bernard, 35043 Rennes Cedex, France; INSERM UMR1085 IRSET (Research Institute in Environmental and Occupational Health), Rennes, France.
| | - Emmanuel Baumont
- EHESP School of Public Health, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Avenue du Professeur Léon Bernard, 35043 Rennes Cedex, France; INSERM UMR1085 IRSET (Research Institute in Environmental and Occupational Health), Rennes, France.
| | - Philippe Glorennec
- EHESP School of Public Health, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Avenue du Professeur Léon Bernard, 35043 Rennes Cedex, France; INSERM UMR1085 IRSET (Research Institute in Environmental and Occupational Health), Rennes, France.
| | - Nathalie Bonvallot
- EHESP School of Public Health, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Avenue du Professeur Léon Bernard, 35043 Rennes Cedex, France; INSERM UMR1085 IRSET (Research Institute in Environmental and Occupational Health), Rennes, France.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Kim JI, Hong YC, Shin CH, Lee YA, Lim YH, Kim BN. The effects of maternal and children phthalate exposure on the neurocognitive function of 6-year-old children. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2017; 156:519-525. [PMID: 28431379 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2017.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Revised: 03/25/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The primary purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of phthalate exposure on the intelligence and attentional performance of 6-year old children when adjusting each other as covariates. We also investigated the differential effects of phthalate exposure on the intelligence and attention according to exposure period (maternal or children). Urine concentrations of mono-(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate (MEHHP), mono-(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate (MEOHP), and mono-n-butyl phthalate (MBP) were analyzed. Multivariable linear regression models were used to investigate the relationship between exposure to various phthalates with IQ scores and continuous performance test (CPT) variables. There were robust associations between child MEHHP and MEOHP levels with full scale IQ (FSIQ) even after adjusting for demographic variables and CPT scores (MEHHP -9.27, 95% CI: -17.25, -1.29; MEOHP -9.83, 95% CI: -17.44, -2.21). Child MEHHP and MEHOP levels negatively affected omission errors (MEHHP -20.36, 95% CI: -34.17, -6.55; MEOHP -18.93, 95% CI: -32.58, -5.28) and the response time variability (MEHHP -21.07, 95% CI: -39.04, -3.10; MEOHP -20.41, 95% CI -38.14, -2.69) of the CPT after adjusting for demographic variables and IQ. Maternal phthalate exposure had no effects on IQ or CPT variables. These results suggest that children phthalate exposure, but not maternal exposure, has an adverse effect on IQ and attentional performance, and these associations were found to be independent of each other.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Inhyang Kim
- Department of Public Health Medical Services, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 173 bun-gil 82, Goomi-ro, Bundang-gu, Seong-nam City, Gyeonggi-do 13620, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Chul Hong
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehakro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Institute of Environmental Medicine, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, 101 Daehakro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Environmental Health Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehakro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea.
| | - Choong Ho Shin
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehakro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Ah Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehakro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Youn-Hee Lim
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, 101 Daehakro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Environmental Health Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehakro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Bung-Nyun Kim
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehakro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Institute of Behavioral Medicine, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, 101 Daehakro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|