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Bass J. Interorgan rhythmicity as a feature of healthful metabolism. Cell Metab 2024; 36:655-669. [PMID: 38335957 PMCID: PMC10990795 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2024.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
The finding that animals with circadian gene mutations exhibit diet-induced obesity and metabolic syndrome with hypoinsulinemia revealed a distinct role for the clock in the brain and peripheral tissues. Obesogenic diets disrupt rhythmic sleep/wake patterns, feeding behavior, and transcriptional networks, showing that metabolic signals reciprocally control the clock. Providing access to high-fat diet only during the sleep phase (light period) in mice accelerates weight gain, whereas isocaloric time-restricted feeding during the active period enhances energy expenditure due to circadian induction of adipose thermogenesis. This perspective focuses on advances and unanswered questions in understanding the interorgan circadian control of healthful metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Bass
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Molecular Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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2
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Kulkarni SS, Singh O, Zigman JM. The intersection between ghrelin, metabolism and circadian rhythms. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2024; 20:228-238. [PMID: 38123819 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-023-00927-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Despite the growing popular interest in sleep and diet, many gaps exist in our scientific understanding of the interaction between circadian rhythms and metabolism. In this Review, we explore a promising, bidirectional role for ghrelin in mediating this interaction. Ghrelin both influences and is influenced by central and peripheral circadian systems. Specifically, we focus on how ghrelin impacts outputs of circadian rhythm, including neuronal activity, circulating growth hormone levels, locomotor activity and eating behaviour. We also consider the effects of circadian rhythms on ghrelin expression and the consequences of disrupted circadian patterns, such as shift work and jet lag, on ghrelin secretion. Our Review is aimed at both the casual reader interested in gaining more insight into the scientific context surrounding the trending topics of sleep and metabolism, as well as experienced scientists in the fields of ghrelin and circadian biology seeking inspiration and a comprehensive overview of how these fields are related.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumya S Kulkarni
- Medical Scientist Training Program, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Center for Hypothalamic Research, Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Omprakash Singh
- Center for Hypothalamic Research, Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Zigman
- Center for Hypothalamic Research, Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
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3
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Rabadán-Chávez G, Díaz de la Garza RI, Jacobo-Velázquez DA. White adipose tissue: Distribution, molecular insights of impaired expandability, and its implication in fatty liver disease. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2023; 1869:166853. [PMID: 37611674 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
We are far behind the 2025 World Health Organization (WHO) goal of a zero increase in obesity. Close to 360 million people in Latin America and the Caribbean are overweight, with the highest rates observed in the Bahamas, Mexico, and Chile. To achieve relevant progress against the obesity epidemic, scientific research is essential to establish uniform practices in the study of obesity pathophysiology (using pre-clinical and clinical models) that ensure accuracy, reproducibility, and transcendent outcomes. The present review focuses on relevant aspects of white adipose tissue (WAT) expansion, underlying mechanisms of inefficient expandability, and its repercussion in ectopic lipid accumulation in the liver during nutritional abundance. In addition, we highlight the potential role of disrupted circadian rhythm in WAT metabolism. Since genetic factors also play a key role in determining an individual's predisposition to weight gain, we describe the most relevant genes associated with obesity in the Mexican population, underlining that most of them are related to appetite control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Griselda Rabadán-Chávez
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Institute for Obesity Research, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, 64849 Monterrey, NL, Mexico
| | - Rocío I Díaz de la Garza
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Institute for Obesity Research, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, 64849 Monterrey, NL, Mexico; Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Campus Monterrey, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, 64849 Monterrey, NL, Mexico.
| | - Daniel A Jacobo-Velázquez
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Institute for Obesity Research, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, 64849 Monterrey, NL, Mexico; Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Campus Guadalajara, Av. General Ramon Corona 2514, C.P. 45201 Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico.
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4
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Gangitano E, Baxter M, Voronkov M, Lenzi A, Gnessi L, Ray D. The interplay between macronutrients and sleep: focus on circadian and homeostatic processes. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1166699. [PMID: 37680898 PMCID: PMC10482045 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1166699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Sleep disturbances are an emerging risk factor for metabolic diseases, for which the burden is particularly worrying worldwide. The importance of sleep for metabolic health is being increasingly recognized, and not only the amount of sleep plays an important role, but also its quality. In this review, we studied the evidence in the literature on macronutrients and their influence on sleep, focusing on the mechanisms that may lay behind this interaction. In particular, we focused on the effects of macronutrients on circadian and homeostatic processes of sleep in preclinical models, and reviewed the evidence of clinical studies in humans. Given the importance of sleep for health, and the role of circadian biology in healthy sleep, it is important to understand how macronutrients regulate circadian clocks and sleep homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Gangitano
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Matthew Baxter
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Voronkov
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Andrea Lenzi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Lucio Gnessi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - David Ray
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
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5
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Huang H, Mehta A, Kalmanovich J, Anand A, Bejarano MC, Garg T, Khan N, Tonpouwo GK, Shkodina AD, Bardhan M. Immunological and inflammatory effects of infectious diseases in circadian rhythm disruption and future therapeutic directions. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:3739-3753. [PMID: 36656437 PMCID: PMC9851103 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08276-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circadian rhythm is characterised by daily variations in biological activity to align with the light and dark cycle. These diurnal variations, in turn, influence physiological functions such as blood pressure, temperature, and sleep-wake cycle. Though it is well established that the circadian pathway is linked to pro-inflammatory responses and circulating immune cells, its association with infectious diseases is widely unknown. OBJECTIVE This comprehensive review aims to describe the association between circadian rhythm and host immune response to various kinds of infection. METHODS We conducted a literature search in databases Pubmed/Medline and Science direct. Our paper includes a comprehensive analysis of findings from articles in English which was related to our hypothesis. FINDINGS Molecular clocks determine circadian rhythm disruption in response to infection, influencing the host's response toward infection. Moreover, there is a complex interplay with intrinsic oscillators of pathogens and the influence of specific infectious processes on the CLOCK: BMAL1 pathway. Such mechanisms vary for bacterial and viral infections, both well studied in the literature. However, less is known about the association of parasitic infections and fungal pathogens with circadian rhythm modulation. CONCLUSION It is shown that bidirectional relationships exist between circadian rhythm disruption and infectious process, which contains interplay between the host's and pathogens' circadian oscillator, immune response, and the influence of specific infectious. Further studies exploring the modulations of circadian rhythm and immunity can offer novel explanations of different susceptibilities to infection and can lead to therapeutic avenues in circadian immune modulation of infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Huang
- Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Aashna Mehta
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, 4032 Hungary
| | | | - Ayush Anand
- B. P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal
| | - Maria Chilo Bejarano
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Humana, Universidad Autónoma Gabriel René Moreno, Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia
| | - Tulika Garg
- Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh, India
| | - Nida Khan
- Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Gauvain Kankeu Tonpouwo
- Faculté de Médecine, Université de Lubumbashi, Plaine Tshombé, Lubumbashi, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | | | - Mainak Bardhan
- ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases (NICED), Kolkata, India
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6
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Caffeine suppresses high-fat diet-induced body weight gain in mice depending on feeding timing. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.105307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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7
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Wada T, Yamamoto Y, Takasugi Y, Ishii H, Uchiyama T, Saitoh K, Suzuki M, Uchiyama M, Yoshitane H, Fukada Y, Shimba S. Adiponectin regulates the circadian rhythm of glucose and lipid metabolism. J Endocrinol 2022; 254:121-133. [PMID: 35662074 PMCID: PMC9354065 DOI: 10.1530/joe-22-0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Adiponectin is a cytokine secreted from adipocytes and regulates metabolism. Although serum adiponectin levels show diurnal variations, it is not clear if the effects of adiponectin are time-dependent. Therefore, this study conducted locomotor activity analyses and various metabolic studies using the adiponectin knockout (APN (-/-)) and the APN (+/+) mice to understand whether adiponectin regulates the circadian rhythm of glucose and lipid metabolism. We observed that the adiponectin gene deficiency does not affect the rhythmicity of core circadian clock genes expression in several peripheral tissues. In contrast, the adiponectin gene deficiency alters the circadian rhythms of liver and serum lipid levels and results in the loss of the time dependency of very-low-density lipoprotein-triglyceride secretion from the liver. In addition, the whole-body glucose tolerance of the APN (-/-) mice was normal at CT10 but reduced at CT22, compared to the APN (+/+) mice. The decreased glucose tolerance at CT22 was associated with insulin hyposecretion in vivo. In contrast, the gluconeogenesis activity was higher in the APN (-/-) mice than in the APN (+/+) mice throughout the day. These results indicate that adiponectin regulates part of the circadian rhythm of metabolism in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taira Wada
- Laboratory of Health Science, School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, Funabshi, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yukiko Yamamoto
- Laboratory of Health Science, School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, Funabshi, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yukiko Takasugi
- Laboratory of Health Science, School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, Funabshi, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hirotake Ishii
- Laboratory of Health Science, School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, Funabshi, Chiba, Japan
| | - Taketo Uchiyama
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, Funabshi, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kaori Saitoh
- Department of Psychiatry, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Suzuki
- Department of Psychiatry, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Uchiyama
- Department of Psychiatry, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Tokyo Adachi Hospital, Adachi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hikari Yoshitane
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Fukada
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigeki Shimba
- Laboratory of Health Science, School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, Funabshi, Chiba, Japan
- Correspondence should be addressed to S Shimba:
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Kim YY, Jang H, Lee G, Jeon YG, Sohn JH, Han JS, Lee WT, Park J, Huh JY, Nahmgoong H, Han SM, Kim J, Pak M, Kim S, Kim JS, Kim JB. Hepatic GSK3β-Dependent CRY1 Degradation Contributes to Diabetic Hyperglycemia. Diabetes 2022; 71:1373-1387. [PMID: 35476750 DOI: 10.2337/db21-0649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Excessive hepatic glucose production (HGP) is a key factor promoting hyperglycemia in diabetes. Hepatic cryptochrome 1 (CRY1) plays an important role in maintaining glucose homeostasis by suppressing forkhead box O1 (FOXO1)-mediated HGP. Although downregulation of hepatic CRY1 appears to be associated with increased HGP, the mechanism(s) by which hepatic CRY1 dysregulation confers hyperglycemia in subjects with diabetes is largely unknown. In this study, we demonstrate that a reduction in hepatic CRY1 protein is stimulated by elevated E3 ligase F-box and leucine-rich repeat protein 3 (FBXL3)-dependent proteasomal degradation in diabetic mice. In addition, we found that GSK3β-induced CRY1 phosphorylation potentiates FBXL3-dependent CRY1 degradation in the liver. Accordingly, in diabetic mice, GSK3β inhibitors effectively decreased HGP by facilitating the effect of CRY1-mediated FOXO1 degradation on glucose metabolism. Collectively, these data suggest that tight regulation of hepatic CRY1 protein stability is crucial for maintaining systemic glucose homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Young Kim
- Center for Adipocyte Structure and Function, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hagoon Jang
- Center for Adipocyte Structure and Function, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Gung Lee
- Center for Adipocyte Structure and Function, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yong Geun Jeon
- Center for Adipocyte Structure and Function, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jee Hyung Sohn
- Center for Adipocyte Structure and Function, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ji Seul Han
- Center for Adipocyte Structure and Function, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Won Taek Lee
- Center for Adipocyte Structure and Function, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jeu Park
- Center for Adipocyte Structure and Function, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jin Young Huh
- Center for Adipocyte Structure and Function, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hahn Nahmgoong
- Center for Adipocyte Structure and Function, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sang Mun Han
- Center for Adipocyte Structure and Function, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jeesoo Kim
- Center for RNA Research, Institute for Basic Science, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Minwoo Pak
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Institute of Engineering Research, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sun Kim
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Institute of Engineering Research, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioinformatics, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in Artificial Intelligence, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jong-Seo Kim
- Center for RNA Research, Institute for Basic Science, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae Bum Kim
- Center for Adipocyte Structure and Function, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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Lalpekhlui R, Renthlei Z, Trivedi AK. Molecular expression of clock genes in central and peripheral tissues of white-rumped munia ( Lonchura striata). Chronobiol Int 2022; 39:1058-1067. [PMID: 35473420 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2022.2062374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
To synchronize with the fluctuating environment, organisms have evolved an endogenous time tracking mechanism referred to as the biological clock(s). This clock machinery has been identified in almost all cells of vertebrates and categorized as central and peripheral clocks. In birds, three independent circadian clocks have been identified in the hypothalamus, the pineal and the retina which interact and generate circadian time at a functional level. However, there is a limited knowledge of molecular clockwork and integration between central and peripheral clocks in birds. Therefore, we studied the daily expression of clock genes (Bmal1, Clock, Per2, Cry1, Npas2, Rev-Erbα, E4bp4, Pparα, Hlf and Tef) in three central circadian clocks (hypothalamus, pineal and retina), other brain areas (cerebellum, optic tectum and telencephalon) and in the peripheral tissues (liver, intestine, muscle and blood) of white-rumped munia. Adult birds were exposed to equinox photoperiod (12 L:12D) for 2 weeks and were then sampled (N = 5 per time point) at six-time points (ZT1, ZT5, ZT9, ZT13, ZT17 and ZT21). Daily expressions of clock genes were studied using qPCR. We observed daily variations and tissue-specific expression patterns for clock genes. These results are consistent with the autoregulatory circadian feedback loop proposed for the mammalian system and thus suggest a conserved tissue-level circadian time generation in white-rumped munia.
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Shon J, Han Y, Park YJ. Effects of Dietary Fat to Carbohydrate Ratio on Obesity Risk Depending on Genotypes of Circadian Genes. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14030478. [PMID: 35276838 PMCID: PMC8838281 DOI: 10.3390/nu14030478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the impacts of macronutrients and the circadian clock on obesity have been reported, the interactions between macronutrient distribution and circadian genes are unclear. The aim of this study was to explore macronutrient intake patterns in the Korean population and associations between the patterns and circadian gene variants and obesity. After applying the criteria, 5343 subjects (51.6% male, mean age 49.4 ± 7.3 years) from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study data and nine variants in seven circadian genes were analyzed. We defined macronutrient intake patterns by tertiles of the fat to carbohydrate ratio (FC). The very low FC (VLFC) was associated with a higher risk of obesity than the optimal FC (OFC). After stratification by the genotypes of nine variants, the obesity risk according to the patterns differed by the variants. In the female VLFC, the major homozygous allele of CLOCK rs11932595 and CRY1 rs3741892 had a higher abdominal obesity risk than those in the OFC. The GG genotype of PER2 rs2304672 in the VLFC showed greater risks for obesity and abdominal obesity. In conclusion, these findings suggest that macronutrient intake patterns were associated with obesity susceptibility, and the associations were different depending on the circadian clock genotypes of the CLOCK, PER2, and CRY1 loci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyoung Shon
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea; (J.S.); (Y.H.)
| | - Yerim Han
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea; (J.S.); (Y.H.)
- Graduate Program in System Health Science & Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Yoon Jung Park
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea; (J.S.); (Y.H.)
- Graduate Program in System Health Science & Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-3277-6533
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11
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High fat diet induced abnormalities in metabolism, growth, behavior, and circadian clock in Drosophila melanogaster. Life Sci 2021; 281:119758. [PMID: 34175317 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The current lifestyle trend has made people vulnerable to diabetes and related diseases. Years of scientific research have not been able to yield a cure to the disease completely. The current study aims to investigate a link between high-fat diet mediated diabesity and circadian rhythm in the Drosophila model and inferences that might help in establishing a cure to the dreaded disease. MAIN METHODS Several experimental methods including phenotypical, histological, biochemical, molecular, and behavioral assays were used in the study to detect obesity, diabetes, and changes in the circadian clock in the fly model. KEY FINDINGS The larva and adults of Drosophila melanogaster exposed to high-fat diet (HFD) displayed excess deposition of fat as lipid droplets and micronuclei formation in the gut, fat body, and crop. Larva and adults of HFD showed behavioral defects. The higher amount of triglyceride, glucose, trehalose in the whole body of larva and adult fly confirmed obesity-induced hyperglycemia. The overexpression of insulin gene (Dilp2) and tribble (trbl) gene expression confirmed insulin resistance in HFD adults. We also observed elevated ROS level, developmental delay, altered metal level, growth defects, locomotory rhythms, sleep fragmentation, and expression of circadian genes (per, tim, and clock) in HFD larva and adults. Thus, HFD impairs the metabolism to produce obesity, insulin resistance, disruption of clock, and circadian clock related co-mordities in D. melanogaster. SIGNIFICANCE The circadian gene expression provides an innovative perspective to understand and find a new treatment for type-II diabetes and circadian anomalies.
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12
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Madadzadeh M, Abbasnejad M, Mollashahi M, Pourrahimi AM, Esmaeili-Mahani S. Phytohormone abscisic acid boosts pentobarbital-induced sleep through activation of GABA-A, PPARβ and PPARγ receptor signaling. ARQUIVOS DE NEURO-PSIQUIATRIA 2021; 79:216-221. [PMID: 33886795 DOI: 10.1590/0004-282x-anp-2019-0393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sleep disorders induce anxiety and forgetfulness and change habits. The chemical hypnotic drugs currently used have serious side effects and, therefore, people are drawn towards using natural compounds such as plant-based healing agents. Abscisic acid (ABA) is produced in a variety of mammalian tissues and it is involved in many neurophysiological functions. OBJECTIVE To investigate the possible effect of ABA on pentobarbital-induced sleep and its possible signaling through GABA-A and PPAR (γ and β) receptors, in male Wistar rats. METHODS The possible effect of ABA (5 and 10 µg/rat, intracerebroventricularly) on sleep onset latency time and duration was evaluated in a V-maze model of sleep. Pentobarbital sodium (40 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) was injected to induce sleep 30 min after administration of ABA. PPARβ (GSK0660, 80 nM/rat), PPARγ (GW9662, 3 nM/rat) or GABA-A receptor (bicuculline, 6 µg/rat) antagonists were given 15 min before ABA injection. Diazepam (2 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) was used as a positive control group. RESULTS ABA at 5 µg significantly boosted the pentobarbital-induced subhypnotic effects and promoted induction of sleep onset in a manner comparable to diazepam treatment. Furthermore, pretreatment with bicuculline significantly abolished the ABA effects on sleep parameters, while the amplifying effects of ABA on the induction of sleep onset was not significantly affected by PPARβ or PPARγ antagonists. The sleep prolonging effect of ABA was significantly prevented by both PPAR antagonists. CONCLUSIONS The data showed that ABA boosts pentobarbital-induced sleep and that GABA-A, PPARβ and PPARγ receptors are, at least in part, involved in ABA signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Madadzadeh
- Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mehdi Abbasnejad
- Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mahtab Mollashahi
- Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology, Kerman, Iran
| | - Ali Mohammad Pourrahimi
- Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman Neuroscience Research Center, Kerman, Iran
| | - Saeed Esmaeili-Mahani
- Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology, Kerman, Iran
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13
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Gutierrez Lopez DE, Lashinger LM, Weinstock GM, Bray MS. Circadian rhythms and the gut microbiome synchronize the host's metabolic response to diet. Cell Metab 2021; 33:873-887. [PMID: 33789092 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2021.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The molecular circadian clock and symbiotic host-microbe relationships both evolved as mechanisms that enhance metabolic responses to environmental challenges. The gut microbiome benefits the host by breaking down diet-derived nutrients indigestible by the host and generating microbiota-derived metabolites that support host metabolism. Similarly, cellular circadian clocks optimize organismal physiology to the environment by influencing the timing and coordination of metabolic processes. Host-microbe interactions are influenced by dietary quality and timing, as well as daily light/dark cycles that entrain circadian rhythms in the host. Together, the gut microbiome and the molecular circadian clock play a coordinated role in neural processing, metabolism, adipogenesis, inflammation, and disease initiation and progression. This review examines the bidirectional interactions between the circadian clock, gut microbiota, and host metabolic systems and their effects on obesity and energy homeostasis. Directions for future research and the development of therapies that leverage these systems to address metabolic disease are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana E Gutierrez Lopez
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Laura M Lashinger
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - George M Weinstock
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, USA; Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Storrs, CT 06032, USA
| | - Molly S Bray
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
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14
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Buckley TN, Omotola O, Archer LA, Rostron CR, Kamineni EP, Llanora JD, Chalfant JM, Lei F, Slade E, Pendergast JS. High-fat feeding disrupts daily eating behavior rhythms in obesity-prone but not in obesity-resistant male inbred mouse strains. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2021; 320:R619-R629. [PMID: 33626995 PMCID: PMC8163612 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00150.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Abnormal meal timing, like skipping breakfast and late-night snacking, is associated with obesity in humans. Disruption of daily eating rhythms also contributes to obesity in mice. When fed a high-fat diet, male C57BL/6J mice have disrupted eating behavior rhythms and they become obese. In contrast to obesity-prone C57BL/6J mice, some inbred strains of mice are resistant to high-fat diet-induced obesity. In this study, we sought to determine whether there are distinct effects of high-fat feeding on daily eating behavior rhythms in obesity-prone and obesity-resistant male mice. Male obesity-prone (C57BL/6J and 129X1/SvJ) and obesity-resistant (SWR/J and BALB/cJ) mice were fed low-fat diet or high-fat diet for 6 wk. Consistent with previous studies, obesity-prone male mice gained more weight and adiposity during high-fat diet feeding than obesity-resistant male mice. The amplitude of the daily rhythm of eating behavior was markedly attenuated in male obesity-prone mice fed high-fat diet, but not in obesity-resistant males. In contrast, high-fat feeding did not differentially affect locomotor activity rhythms in obesity-prone and obesity-resistant male mice. Together, these data suggest that regulation of the daily rhythm of eating may underlie the propensity to develop diet-induced obesity in male mice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Luke A Archer
- Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | | | - Ellora P Kamineni
- Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
- Math Science Technology Center, Paul Laurence Dunbar High School, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Josie D Llanora
- Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | | | - Feitong Lei
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Emily Slade
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Julie S Pendergast
- Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
- Barnstable Brown Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
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15
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Abstract
Many molecular, physiological and behavioural processes display distinct 24-hour rhythms that are directed by the circadian system. The master clock, located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus region of the hypothalamus, is synchronized or entrained by the light-dark cycle and, in turn, synchronizes clocks present in peripheral tissues and organs. Other environmental cues, most importantly feeding time, also synchronize peripheral clocks. In this way, the circadian system can prepare the body for predictable environmental changes such as the availability of nutrients during the normal feeding period. This Review summarizes existing knowledge about the diurnal regulation of gastrointestinal processes by circadian clocks present in the digestive tract and its accessory organs. The circadian control of gastrointestinal digestion, motility, hormones and barrier function as well as of the gut microbiota are discussed. An overview is given of the interplay between different circadian clocks in the digestive system that regulate glucose homeostasis and lipid and bile acid metabolism. Additionally, the bidirectional interaction between the master clock and peripheral clocks in the digestive system, encompassing different entraining factors, is described. Finally, the possible behavioural adjustments or pharmacological strategies for the prevention and treatment of the adverse effects of chronodisruption are outlined.
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16
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Heyde I, Begemann K, Oster H. Contributions of white and brown adipose tissues to the circadian regulation of energy metabolism. Endocrinology 2021; 162:6102571. [PMID: 33453099 PMCID: PMC7864004 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqab009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The term energy metabolism comprises the entirety of chemical processes associated with uptake, conversion, storage, and breakdown of nutrients. All these must be tightly regulated in time and space to ensure metabolic homeostasis in an environment characterized by cycles such as the succession of day and night. Most organisms evolved endogenous circadian clocks to achieve this goal. In mammals, a ubiquitous network of cellular clocks is coordinated by a pacemaker residing in the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus. Adipocytes harbor their own circadian clocks, and large aspects of adipose physiology are regulated in a circadian manner through transcriptional regulation of clock-controlled genes. White adipose tissue (WAT) stores energy in the form of triglycerides at times of high energy levels that then serve as fuel in times of need. It also functions as an endocrine organ, releasing factors in a circadian manner to regulate food intake and energy turnover in other tissues. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) produces heat through nonshivering thermogenesis, a process also controlled by the circadian clock. We here review how WAT and BAT contribute to the circadian regulation of energy metabolism. We describe how adipose rhythms are regulated by the interplay of systemic signals and local clocks and summarize how adipose-originating circadian factors feed-back on metabolic homeostasis. The role of adipose tissue in the circadian control of metabolism becomes increasingly clear as circadian disruption leads to alterations in adipose tissue regulation, promoting obesity and its sequelae. Stabilizing adipose tissue rhythms, in turn, may help to combat disrupted energy homeostasis and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Heyde
- Institute of Neurobiology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | | | - Henrik Oster
- Institute of Neurobiology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Correspondence: Henrik Oster, PhD, Institute of Neurobiology, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Lübeck, Germany.
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17
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Abstract
Circadian rhythms are biological systems that synchronize cellular circadian oscillators with the organism's daily feeding-fasting or rest-activity cycles in mammals. Circadian rhythms regulate nutrient absorption and utilization at the cellular level and are closely related to obesity and metabolic disorders. Bile acids are important modulators that facilitate nutrient absorption and regulate energy metabolism. Here, we provide an overview of the current connections and future perspectives between the circadian clock and bile acid metabolism as well as related metabolic diseases. Feeding and fasting cycles influence bile acid pool size and composition, and bile acid signaling can respond to acute lipid and glucose utilization and mediate energy balance. Disruption of circadian rhythms such as shift work, irregular diet, and gene mutations can contribute to altered bile acid metabolism and heighten obesity risk. High-fat diets, alcohol, and gene mutations related to bile acid signaling result in desynchronized circadian rhythms. Gut microbiome also plays a role in connecting circadian rhythms with bile acid metabolism. The underlying mechanism of how circadian rhythms interact with bile acid metabolism has not been fully explored. Sustaining bile acid homeostasis based on circadian rhythms may be a potential therapy to alleviate metabolic disturbance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunxia Yang
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianfa Zhang
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
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18
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Gu C, Brereton N, Schweitzer A, Cotter M, Duan D, Børsheim E, Wolfe RR, Pham LV, Polotsky VY, Jun JC. Metabolic Effects of Late Dinner in Healthy Volunteers-A Randomized Crossover Clinical Trial. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020; 105:5855227. [PMID: 32525525 PMCID: PMC7337187 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Consuming calories later in the day is associated with obesity and metabolic syndrome. We hypothesized that eating a late dinner alters substrate metabolism during sleep in a manner that promotes obesity. OBJECTIVE The objective of this work is to examine the impact of late dinner on nocturnal metabolism in healthy volunteers. DESIGN AND SETTING This is a randomized crossover trial of late dinner (LD, 22:00) vs routine dinner (RD, 18:00), with a fixed sleep period (23:00-07:00) in a laboratory setting. PARTICIPANTS Participants comprised 20 healthy volunteers (10 male, 10 female), age 26.0 ± 0.6 years, body mass index 23.2 ± 0.7 kg/m2, accustomed to a bedtime between 22:00 and 01:00. INTERVENTIONS An isocaloric macronutrient diet was administered on both visits. Dinner (35% daily kcal, 50% carbohydrate, 35% fat) with an oral lipid tracer ([2H31] palmitate, 15 mg/kg) was given at 18:00 with RD and 22:00 with LD. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Measurements included nocturnal and next-morning hourly plasma glucose, insulin, triglycerides, free fatty acids (FFAs), cortisol, dietary fatty acid oxidation, and overnight polysomnography. RESULTS LD caused a 4-hour shift in the postprandial period, overlapping with the sleep phase. Independent of this shift, the postprandial period following LD was characterized by higher glucose, a triglyceride peak delay, and lower FFA and dietary fatty acid oxidation. LD did not affect sleep architecture, but increased plasma cortisol. These metabolic changes were most pronounced in habitual earlier sleepers determined by actigraphy monitoring. CONCLUSION LD induces nocturnal glucose intolerance, and reduces fatty acid oxidation and mobilization, particularly in earlier sleepers. These effects might promote obesity if they recur chronically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenjuan Gu
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Nga Brereton
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Amy Schweitzer
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Matthew Cotter
- Arkansas Children’s Nutrition Center, Arkansas Children’s Research Institute, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Daisy Duan
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Elisabet Børsheim
- Arkansas Children’s Nutrition Center, Arkansas Children’s Research Institute, Little Rock, Arkansas
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
- Department of Geriatrics, Center for Translational Research in Aging and Longevity, The University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Robert R Wolfe
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
- Department of Geriatrics, Center for Translational Research in Aging and Longevity, The University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Luu V Pham
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Vsevolod Y Polotsky
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jonathan C Jun
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
- Correspondence and Reprint Requests: Jonathan C. Jun, MD, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 5501 Hopkins Bayview Circle, Room 5A50.B, Baltimore, MD 21224. E-mail:
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19
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Ding L, Xiao XH. Gut microbiota: closely tied to the regulation of circadian clock in the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Chin Med J (Engl) 2020; 133:817-825. [PMID: 32106122 PMCID: PMC7147650 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000000702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), a worldwide epidemic disease, has caused tremendous economic and social burden, but the pathogenesis remains uncertain. Nowadays, the impact of unrhythmic circadian clock caused by irregular sleep and unhealthy diet on T2DM has be increasingly studied. However, the contribution of the endogenous circadian clock system to the development of T2DM has not yet been satisfactorily explored. It is now becoming clear that the gut microbiota and the circadian clock interact with each other to regulate the host metabolism. Considering all these above, we reviewed the literature related to the gut microbiota, circadian clock, and T2DM to elucidate the idea that the gut microbiota is closely tied to the regulation of the circadian clock in the development of T2DM, which provides potential for gut microbiota-directed therapies to ameliorate the effects of circadian disruptions linked to the occurrence and development of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Ding
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Diabetes Research Center of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
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20
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Noshiro M, Kawamoto T, Nakashima A, Ozaki N, Saeki M, Honda K, Fujimoto K, Kato Y. DEC1 regulates the rhythmic expression of PPARγ target genes involved in lipid metabolism in white adipose tissue. Genes Cells 2020; 25:232-241. [PMID: 31991027 DOI: 10.1111/gtc.12752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Previously, we found that the basic helix-loop-helix transcriptional repressor DEC1 interacts with the PPARγ:RXRα heterodimer, a master transcription factor for adipogenesis and lipogenesis, to suppress transcription from PPARγ target genes (Noshiro et al., Genes to Cells, 2018, 23:658-669). Because the expression of PPARγ and several of its target genes exhibits circadian rhythmicity in white adipose tissue (WAT), we examined the expression profiles of PPARγ target genes in wild-type and Dec1-/- mice. We found that the expression of PPARγ target genes responsible for lipid metabolism, including the synthesis of triacylglycerol from free fatty acids (FFAs), lipid storage and the lipolysis of triacylglycerol to FFAs, oscillates in a circadian manner in WAT. Moreover, DEC1 deficiency led to a marked increase in the expression of these genes at night (Zeitgeber times 16 and 22), resulting in disruption of circadian rhythms. Serum FFA levels in wild-type mice also showed circadian oscillations, but these were disrupted by DEC1 deficiency, leading to reduced FFA levels. These results suggest that PPARγ:RXRα and DEC1 cooperatively generate the circadian expression of PPARγ target genes through PPAR-responsive elements in WAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuhide Noshiro
- Department of Dental and Medical Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kawamoto
- Department of Dental and Medical Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,Writing Center, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Ayumu Nakashima
- Department of Nephrology, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Noritsugu Ozaki
- Department of Dental and Medical Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Masayumi Saeki
- Health Examination Center, Chugoku Rousai Hospital, Kure, Japan
| | - Kiyomasa Honda
- Department of Dental and Medical Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Katsumi Fujimoto
- Department of Dental and Medical Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yukio Kato
- Department of Dental and Medical Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
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21
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Cleal JK, Bruce KD, Shearer JL, Thomas H, Plume J, Gregory L, Shepard JN, Spiers-Fitzgerald KL, Mani R, Lewis RM, Lillycrop KA, Hanson MA, Byrne CD, Cagampang FR. Maternal Obesity during Pregnancy Alters Daily Activity and Feeding Cycles, and Hypothalamic Clock Gene Expression in Adult Male Mouse Offspring. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E5408. [PMID: 31671625 PMCID: PMC6862679 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20215408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
An obesogenic diet adversely affects the endogenous mammalian circadian clock, altering daily activity and metabolism, and resulting in obesity. We investigated whether an obese pregnancy can alter the molecular clock in the offspring hypothalamus, resulting in changes to their activity and feeding rhythms. Female mice were fed a control (C, 7% kcal fat) or high fat diet (HF, 45% kcal fat) before mating and throughout pregnancy. Male offspring were fed the C or HF diet postweaning, resulting in four offspring groups: C/C, C/HF, HF/C, and HF/HF. Daily activity and food intake were monitored, and at 15 weeks of age were killed at six time-points over 24 h. The clock genes Clock, Bmal1, Per2, and Cry2 in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) and appetite genes Npy and Pomc in the arcuate nucleus (ARC) were measured. Daily activity and feeding cycles in the HF/C, C/HF, and HF/HF offspring were altered, with increased feeding bouts and activity during the day and increased food intake but reduced activity at night. Gene expression patterns and levels of Clock, Bmal1, Per2, and Cry2 in the SCN and Npy and Pomc in the ARC were altered in HF diet-exposed offspring. The altered expression of hypothalamic molecular clock components and appetite genes, together with changes in activity and feeding rhythms, could be contributing to offspring obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane K Cleal
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK.
| | - Kimberley D Bruce
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK.
| | - Jasmin L Shearer
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK.
| | - Hugh Thomas
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK.
| | - Jack Plume
- Centre for Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Environmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK.
| | - Louise Gregory
- Centre for Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Environmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK.
| | - James N Shepard
- Centre for Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Environmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK.
| | - Kerry L Spiers-Fitzgerald
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK.
| | - Ravi Mani
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK.
| | - Rohan M Lewis
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK.
| | - Karen A Lillycrop
- Centre for Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Environmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK.
| | - Mark A Hanson
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK.
| | - Christopher D Byrne
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK.
| | - Felino R Cagampang
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK.
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22
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Kolbe I, Leinweber B, Brandenburger M, Oster H. Circadian clock network desynchrony promotes weight gain and alters glucose homeostasis in mice. Mol Metab 2019; 30:140-151. [PMID: 31767165 PMCID: PMC6807374 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2019.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective A network of endogenous circadian clocks adapts physiology and behavior to recurring changes in environmental demands across the 24-hour day cycle. Circadian disruption promotes weight gain and type 2 diabetes development. In this study, we aim to dissect the roles of different tissue clocks in the regulation of energy metabolism. Methods We used mice with genetically ablated clock function in the circadian pacemaker of the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) under different light and feeding conditions to study peripheral clock resetting and the role of the peripheral clock network in the regulation of glucose handling and metabolic homeostasis. Results In SCN clock-deficient mice, behavioral and non-SCN tissue clock rhythms are sustained under rhythmic lighting conditions but deteriorate quickly in constant darkness. In parallel to the loss of behavioral and molecular rhythms, the animals develop adiposity and impaired glucose utilization in constant darkness. Restoring peripheral clock rhythmicity and synchrony by time-restricted feeding normalizes body weight and glucose metabolism. Conclusions These data reveal the importance of an overall synchronized circadian clockwork for the maintenance of metabolic homeostasis. In mice with a non-functional SCN clock (SCN-KO), metabolic rhythms are retained in light-dark, but not in constant darkness (DD) conditions. Normal body weight regulation and glucose utilization do not require a functional SCN clock. Restoring peripheral clock gene expression rhythms via time-restricted feeding restores metabolic homeostasis in SCN-KO mice in DD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isa Kolbe
- Institute of Neurobiology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Brinja Leinweber
- Institute of Neurobiology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Matthias Brandenburger
- Fraunhofer Research Institution for Marine Biotechnology and Cell Technology, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Henrik Oster
- Institute of Neurobiology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.
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23
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Onder Y, Laothamatas I, Berto S, Sewart K, Kilaru G, Bordieanu B, Stubblefield JJ, Konopka G, Mishra P, Green CB. The Circadian Protein Nocturnin Regulates Metabolic Adaptation in Brown Adipose Tissue. iScience 2019; 19:83-92. [PMID: 31357170 PMCID: PMC6664146 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2019.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Fine-tuning of transcriptional responses can be critical for long-term outcomes in response to an environmental challenge. The circadian protein Nocturnin belongs to a family of proteins that include exonucleases, endonucleases, and phosphatases and is most closely related to the CCR4 family of deadenylases that regulate the cellular transcriptome via control of poly(A) tail length of RNA transcripts. In this study, we investigate the role of Nocturnin in regulating the transcriptional response and downstream metabolic adaptations during cold exposure in brown adipose tissue. We find that Nocturnin exhibits dual localization within the cytosol and mitochondria, and loss of Nocturnin causes changes in expression of networks of mRNAs involved in mitochondrial function. Furthermore, Nocturnin−/− animals display significantly elevated levels of tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates, indicating that they have distinct metabolic adaptations during a prolonged cold exposure. We conclude that cold-induced stimulation of Nocturnin levels can regulate long-term metabolic adaptations to environmental challenges. Nocturnin localizes to both the cytosol and the mitochondria Nocturnin is robustly induced in response to cold exposure in brown fat Regulation of mitochondrial metabolic genes is altered in Nocturnin−/− brown fat Nocturnin regulates long-term metabolic adaptation to cold exposure in brown fat
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasemin Onder
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Isara Laothamatas
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Stefano Berto
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Katharina Sewart
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Gokhul Kilaru
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Bogdan Bordieanu
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Jeremy J Stubblefield
- Department of Cell Systems & Anatomy, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Genevieve Konopka
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Prashant Mishra
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; The Green Center for Systems Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
| | - Carla B Green
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
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24
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Oishi K, Okauchi H. Functional CLOCK Is Not Essentially Associated with Metabolic Disruption Caused by Sleep Phase Feeding in Mice. Biol Pharm Bull 2019; 42:1038-1043. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b19-00018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katsutaka Oishi
- Biological Clock Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo
- School of Integrative and Global Majors (SIGMA), University of Tsukuba
| | - Hiroki Okauchi
- Biological Clock Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science
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25
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Sasaki H, Hokugo A, Wang L, Morinaga K, Ngo JT, Okawa H, Nishimura I. Neuronal PAS Domain 2 (Npas2)-Deficient Fibroblasts Accelerate Skin Wound Healing and Dermal Collagen Reconstruction. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2019; 303:1630-1641. [PMID: 30851151 DOI: 10.1002/ar.24109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The circadian clock, which consists of endogenous self-sustained and cell-autonomous oscillations in mammalian cells, is known to regulate a wide range of peripheral tissues. The unique upregulation of a clock gene, neuronal PAS domain protein 2 (Npas2), observed along with fibroblast aging prompted us to investigate the role of Npas2 in the homeostasis of dermal structure using in vivo and in vitro wound healing models. Time-course healing of a full-thickness skin punched wound exhibited significantly faster wound closure in Npas2-/- mice than wild-type (WT) C57Bl/6J mice. Dorsal skin fibroblasts isolated from WT, Npas2+/-, and Npas2-/- mice exhibited consistent profiles of core clock gene expression except for Npas2 and Per2. In vitro behavioral characterizations of dermal fibroblasts revealed that Npas2-/- mutation was associated with increased proliferation, migration, and cell contraction measured by floating collagen gel contraction and single-cell force contraction assays. Npas2 knockout fibroblasts carrying sustained the high expression level of type XII and XIV FAICT collagens and synthesized dermis-like thick collagen fibers in vitro. Confocal laser scanning microscopy demonstrated the reconstruction of dermis-like collagen architecture in the wound healing area of Npas2-/- mice. This study indicates that the induced Npas2 expression in fibroblasts may interfere with skin homeostasis, wound healing, and dermal tissue reconstruction, providing a basis for novel therapeutic target and strategy. Anat Rec, 2019. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hodaka Sasaki
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, California.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Implantology, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akishige Hokugo
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, California.,Regenerative Bioengineering and Repair Laboratory, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Lixin Wang
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, California.,Regenerative Bioengineering and Repair Laboratory, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Kenzo Morinaga
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, California.,Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Section of Oral Implantology, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - John T Ngo
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, California
| | - Hiroko Okawa
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, California.,Division of Molecular and Regenerative Prosthodontics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ichiro Nishimura
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, California
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26
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Abstract
Insulin resistance is a main determinant in the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus and a major cause of morbidity and mortality. The circadian timing system consists of a central brain clock in the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus and various peripheral tissue clocks. The circadian timing system is responsible for the coordination of many daily processes, including the daily rhythm in human glucose metabolism. The central clock regulates food intake, energy expenditure and whole-body insulin sensitivity, and these actions are further fine-tuned by local peripheral clocks. For instance, the peripheral clock in the gut regulates glucose absorption, peripheral clocks in muscle, adipose tissue and liver regulate local insulin sensitivity, and the peripheral clock in the pancreas regulates insulin secretion. Misalignment between different components of the circadian timing system and daily rhythms of sleep-wake behaviour or food intake as a result of genetic, environmental or behavioural factors might be an important contributor to the development of insulin resistance. Specifically, clock gene mutations, exposure to artificial light-dark cycles, disturbed sleep, shift work and social jet lag are factors that might contribute to circadian disruption. Here, we review the physiological links between circadian clocks, glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity, and present current evidence for a relationship between circadian disruption and insulin resistance. We conclude by proposing several strategies that aim to use chronobiological knowledge to improve human metabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Jan Stenvers
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Frank A J L Scheer
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Medical Chronobiology Program, Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Patrick Schrauwen
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM, School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Susanne E la Fleur
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Laboratory for Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN), Royal Dutch Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Andries Kalsbeek
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
- Laboratory for Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN), Royal Dutch Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), Amsterdam, Netherlands.
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27
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Yang X, Zhao Y, Sun Q, Yang Y, Gao Y, Ge W, Liu J, Xu X, Zhang J. An Intermediary Role of Adenine Nucleotides on Free Fatty Acids-Induced Hyperglycemia in Obese Mice. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:497. [PMID: 31447776 PMCID: PMC6691070 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased plasma free fatty acids (FFA) level plays a central role in the development of type 2 diabetes. Our previous studies have shown that plasma 5'-adenosine monophosphate (5'-AMP) elevates and acts as a potential upstream regulator of hyperglycemia in diabetic db/db mice. The relationship between FFA and plasma adenosine nucleotides in type 2 diabetes remains unclear. Here we found that plasma 5'-AMP level was also increased in diabetic mice induced by a high-fat diet and streptozotocin (HFD-STZ), as observed in diabetic db/db mice. The metabolites of adenosine nucleotides in plasma were increased in obese mice compared to lean mice. An acute oil gavage to lean mice increased both FFA and plasma purine metabolites, accompanying with glucose intolerance. 5'-AMP administration resulted in an increase in dose-dependent purine metabolites and different levels of glucose intolerance. FFA induced a release of adenine nucleotides from cultural human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) prior to induction of their apoptosis. FFA also reduced red blood cells (RBCs) resistance to reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to hemolysis, thereby increasing plasma nucleotides. Our results suggest that plasma adenine nucleotides play an intermediary role in FFA-induced glucose intolerance and hyperglycemia in obese mice.
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28
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Renthlei Z, Gurumayum T, Borah BK, Trivedi AK. Daily expression of clock genes in central and peripheral tissues of tree sparrow (Passer montanus). Chronobiol Int 2018; 36:110-121. [DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2018.1523185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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29
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Diabetes and Exposure to Environmental Lead (Pb). TOXICS 2018; 6:toxics6030054. [PMID: 30200608 PMCID: PMC6161143 DOI: 10.3390/toxics6030054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Although the increased incidence of type 2 diabetes since the 1950s is thought to be primarily due to coincident alterations in lifestyle factors, another potential contributing factor in industrialized countries is exposure of the population to environmental pollutants and industrial chemicals. Exposure levels of many environmental toxicants have risen in the same time-frame as the disease incidence. Of particular interest in this regard is the metal lead. Although overall lead exposure levels have diminished in recent decades, there is an under-recognized but persistent occurrence of lead exposure in poor underserved urban populations. Although the neural developmental pathologies induced by lead exposures have been well documented, very little is known about the effect of lead exposure on the incidence of chronic metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes. Although our understanding of the metabolic health effects of lead exposure is incomplete, there are studies in model systems and a small amount of epidemiological data that together suggest a deleterious effect of environmental lead exposure on metabolic health. This article reviews the human, animal and in vitro studies that have examined the effects of lead exposure on the development of diabetes and related metabolic conditions.
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30
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Tse EK, Salehi A, Clemenzi MN, Belsham DD. Role of the saturated fatty acid palmitate in the interconnected hypothalamic control of energy homeostasis and biological rhythms. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2018; 315:E133-E140. [PMID: 29631363 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00433.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The brain, specifically the hypothalamus, controls whole body energy and glucose homeostasis through neurons that synthesize specific neuropeptides, whereas hypothalamic dysfunction is linked directly to insulin resistance, obesity, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Nutrient excess, through overconsumption of a Western or high-fat diet, exposes the hypothalamus to high levels of free fatty acids, which induces neuroinflammation, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and dysregulation of neuropeptide synthesis. Furthermore, exposure to a high-fat diet also disrupts normal circadian rhythms, and conversely, clock gene knockout models have symptoms of metabolic disorders. While whole brain/animal studies have provided phenotypic end points and important clues to the genes involved, there are still major gaps in our understanding of the intracellular pathways and neuron-specific components that ultimately control circadian rhythms and energy homeostasis. Because of its complexity and heterogeneous nature, containing a diverse mix cell types, it is difficult to dissect the critical hypothalamic components involved in these processes. Of significance, we have the capacity to study these individual components using an extensive collection of both embryonic- and adult-derived, immortalized hypothalamic neuronal cell lines from rodents. These defined neuronal cell lines have been used to examine the impact of nutrient excess, such as palmitate, on circadian rhythms and neuroendocrine signaling pathways, as well as changes in vital neuropeptides, leading to the development of neuronal inflammation; the role of proinflammatory molecules in this process; and ultimately, restoration of normal signaling, clock gene expression, and neuropeptide synthesis in disrupted states by beneficial anti-inflammatory compounds in defined hypothalamic neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika K Tse
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario , Canada
| | - Ashkan Salehi
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario , Canada
| | - Matthew N Clemenzi
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario , Canada
| | - Denise D Belsham
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario , Canada
- Department Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Medicine, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario , Canada
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31
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Noshiro M, Kawamoto T, Nakashima A, Ozaki N, Ueno T, Saeki M, Honda K, Fujimoto K, Kato Y. Deficiency of the basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor DEC1 prevents obesity induced by a high-fat diet in mice. Genes Cells 2018; 23:658-669. [PMID: 29968353 DOI: 10.1111/gtc.12607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a major public health problem in developed countries resulting from increased food intake and decreased energy consumption and usually associated with abnormal lipid metabolism. Here, we show that DEC1, a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor, plays an important role in the regulation of lipid consumption in mouse brown adipose tissue (BAT), which is the major site of thermogenesis. Homozygous Dec1 deletion attenuated high-fat-diet-induced obesity, adipocyte hypertrophy, fat volume and hepatic steatosis. Furthermore, DEC1 deficiency increased body temperature during daytime and enhanced the expression of uncoupler protein 1, a key factor of thermogenesis, and various lipolysis-related genes in interscapular BAT. In vitro experiments suggested that DEC1 suppresses the expression of various lipolysis-related genes induced by the heterodimer of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ and retinoid X receptor α (RXRα) through direct binding to RXRα. These observations suggest that enhanced lipolysis in BAT caused by DEC1 deficiency leads to an increase in lipid consumption, thereby decreasing lipid accumulation in adipose tissues and the liver. Thus, DEC1 may serve as an energy-saving factor that suppresses lipid consumption, which may be relevant to managing obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuhide Noshiro
- Department of Dental and Medical Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kawamoto
- Department of Dental and Medical Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
- Writing Center, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Ayumu Nakashima
- Department of Nephrology, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Noritsugu Ozaki
- Department of Dental and Medical Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Toshinori Ueno
- Department of Nephrology, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Masayumi Saeki
- Health Examination Center, Chugoku Rousai Hospital, Kure, Japan
| | - Kiyomasa Honda
- Department of Dental and Medical Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Katsumi Fujimoto
- Department of Dental and Medical Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yukio Kato
- Department of Dental and Medical Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
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32
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Bae SA, Androulakis IP. Mathematical analysis of circadian disruption and metabolic re-entrainment of hepatic gluconeogenesis: the intertwining entraining roles of light and feeding. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2018; 314:E531-E542. [PMID: 29351477 PMCID: PMC6032066 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00271.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The circadian rhythms influence the metabolic activity from molecular level to tissue, organ, and host level. Disruption of the circadian rhythms manifests to the host's health as metabolic syndromes, including obesity, diabetes, and elevated plasma glucose, eventually leading to cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, it is imperative to understand the mechanism behind the relationship between circadian rhythms and metabolism. To start answering this question, we propose a semimechanistic mathematical model to study the effect of circadian disruption on hepatic gluconeogenesis in humans. Our model takes the light-dark cycle and feeding-fasting cycle as two environmental inputs that entrain the metabolic activity in the liver. The model was validated by comparison with data from mice and rat experimental studies. Formal sensitivity and uncertainty analyses were conducted to elaborate on the driving forces for hepatic gluconeogenesis. Furthermore, simulating the impact of Clock gene knockout suggests that modification to the local pathways tied most closely to the feeding-fasting rhythms may be the most efficient way to restore the disrupted glucose metabolism in liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seul-A Bae
- Chemical & Biochemical Engineering Department, Rutgers University , Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Ioannis P Androulakis
- Chemical & Biochemical Engineering Department, Rutgers University , Piscataway, New Jersey
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Rutgers University , Piscataway, New Jersey
- Department of Surgery, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School , New Brunswick, New Jersey
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33
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Mavroudis PD, DuBois DC, Almon RR, Jusko WJ. Daily variation of gene expression in diverse rat tissues. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0197258. [PMID: 29746605 PMCID: PMC5945012 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0197258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Circadian information is maintained in mammalian tissues by a cell-autonomous network of transcriptional feedback loops that have evolved to optimally regulate tissue-specific functions. An analysis of daily gene expression in different tissues, as well as an evaluation of inter-tissue circadian variability, is crucial for a systems-level understanding of this transcriptional circuitry. Affymetrix gene chip measurements of liver, muscle, adipose, and lung tissues were obtained from a rich time series light/dark experiment, involving 54 normal rats sacrificed at 18 time points within the 24-hr cycle. Our analysis revealed a high degree of circadian regulation with a variable distribution of phases among the four tissues. Interestingly, only a small number of common genes maintain circadian activity in all tissues, with many of them consisting of "core-clock" components with synchronous rhythms. Our results suggest that inter-tissue circadian variability is a critical component of homeostatic body function and is mediated by diverse signaling pathways that ultimately lead to highly tissue-specific transcription regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panteleimon D. Mavroudis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - Debra C. DuBois
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
- Department of Biological Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - Richard R. Almon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
- Department of Biological Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - William J. Jusko
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
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34
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Abstract
Circadian clocks synchronize the daily functions of organisms with environmental cues like light-dark cycles and feeding rhythms. The master clock in the suprachiasmatic nucleus in the hypothalamus of the brain and the many clocks in the periphery are organized in a hierarchical manner; the master clock synchronizes the peripheral clocks, and the peripheral clocks provide feedback to the master clock in return. Not surprisingly, it has been shown that circadian rhythms and metabolism are closely linked. Metabolic disorders like obesity have a large cost to the individual and society and they are marked by adipose tissue and mitochondrial dysfunction. Mitochondria are central to energy metabolism and have key functions in processes like ATP production, oxidative phosphorylation, reactive oxygen species production and Ca2+ homeostasis. Mitochondria also play an important role in adipose tissue homeostasis and remodeling. Despite the extensive research investigating the link between circadian clock and metabolism, the circadian regulation of adipose tissue and mitochondria has mostly been unexplored until recently, and the emerging data in this topic are the focus of this review. Mitochondrial dynamics in BAT and WAT are central to energy homeostasis. Disruption of circadian genes specifically in adipose tissue leads to metabolic dysfunction in mice. Bidirectional communication between the adipocyte-hypothalamic axis clocks is crucial for coordination of energy expenditure and feeding rhythms. Circadian clock helps maintain the ratio of oxidative stress to antioxidant mechanisms in balance
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasemin Onder
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9111, USA
| | - Carla B Green
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9111, USA
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35
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Thimgan MS, Kress N, Lisse J, Fiebelman C, Hilderbrand T. The acyl-CoA Synthetase, pudgy, Promotes Sleep and Is Required for the Homeostatic Response to Sleep Deprivation. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:464. [PMID: 30186232 PMCID: PMC6110854 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The regulation of sleep and the response to sleep deprivation rely on multiple biochemical pathways. A critical connection is the link between sleep and metabolism. Metabolic changes can disrupt sleep, and conversely decreased sleep can alter the metabolic environment. There is building evidence that lipid metabolism, in particular, is a critical part of mounting the homeostatic response to sleep deprivation. We have evaluated an acyl-CoA synthetase, pudgy (pdgy), for its role in sleep and response to sleep deprivation. When pdgy transcript levels are decreased through transposable element disruption of the gene, mutant flies showed lower total sleep times and increased sleep fragmentation at night compared to genetic controls. Consistent with disrupted sleep, mutant flies had a decreased lifespan compared to controls. pdgy disrupted fatty acid handling as pdgy mutants showed increased sensitivity to starvation and exhibited lower fat stores. Moreover, the response to sleep deprivation is reduced when compared to a control flies. When we decreased the transcript levels for pdgy using RNAi, the response to sleep deprivation was decreased compared to background controls. In addition, when the pdgy transcription is rescued throughout the fly, the response to sleep deprivation is restored. These data demonstrate that the regulation and function of acyl-CoA synthetase plays a critical role in regulating sleep and the response to sleep deprivation. Endocrine and metabolic signals that alter transcript levels of pdgy impact sleep regulation or interfere with the homeostatic response to sleep deprivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew S. Thimgan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO, United States
- *Correspondence: Matthew S. Thimgan
| | - Natalie Kress
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Josh Lisse
- Department of Biological Sciences, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO, United States
| | - Courtney Fiebelman
- Department of Biological Sciences, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO, United States
| | - Thomas Hilderbrand
- Department of Biological Sciences, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO, United States
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36
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Mayeuf-Louchart A, Zecchin M, Staels B, Duez H. Circadian control of metabolism and pathological consequences of clock perturbations. Biochimie 2017; 143:42-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2017.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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37
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De Oliveira CM, De Oliveira C, Scarabelot VL, Ströher R, Macedo IC, Souza A, Lopes BC, Caumo W, Torres ILS. Hypercaloric diet and chronic stress desynchronizes the temporal pattern of rats’ insulin release. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2017.1395528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cleverson Moraes De Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brasil
- Laboratório de Farmacologia da Dor e Neuromodulação: Investigações Pré-clínicas, Departamento de Farmacologia – ICBS, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brasil
- Unidade de Experimentação Animal e Grupo de Pesquisa e Pós-Graduação, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brasil
| | - Carla De Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brasil
- Laboratório de Farmacologia da Dor e Neuromodulação: Investigações Pré-clínicas, Departamento de Farmacologia – ICBS, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brasil
- Unidade de Experimentação Animal e Grupo de Pesquisa e Pós-Graduação, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brasil
| | - Vanesssa Leal Scarabelot
- Laboratório de Farmacologia da Dor e Neuromodulação: Investigações Pré-clínicas, Departamento de Farmacologia – ICBS, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brasil
- Unidade de Experimentação Animal e Grupo de Pesquisa e Pós-Graduação, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brasil
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde (CCBS) – Universidade do Oeste do Paraná – UNIOESTE, Cascavel, Brasil
| | - Roberta Ströher
- Laboratório de Farmacologia da Dor e Neuromodulação: Investigações Pré-clínicas, Departamento de Farmacologia – ICBS, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brasil
- Unidade de Experimentação Animal e Grupo de Pesquisa e Pós-Graduação, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brasil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (ICBS) – Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brasil
| | - Isabel Cristina Macedo
- Laboratório de Farmacologia da Dor e Neuromodulação: Investigações Pré-clínicas, Departamento de Farmacologia – ICBS, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brasil
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pampa, São Gabriel, Brasil
| | - Andressa Souza
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brasil
- Laboratório de Farmacologia da Dor e Neuromodulação: Investigações Pré-clínicas, Departamento de Farmacologia – ICBS, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brasil
- Unidade de Experimentação Animal e Grupo de Pesquisa e Pós-Graduação, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brasil
| | - Bettega Costa Lopes
- Laboratório de Farmacologia da Dor e Neuromodulação: Investigações Pré-clínicas, Departamento de Farmacologia – ICBS, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brasil
- Unidade de Experimentação Animal e Grupo de Pesquisa e Pós-Graduação, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brasil
| | - Wolnei Caumo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brasil
| | - Iraci Lucena Silva Torres
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brasil
- Laboratório de Farmacologia da Dor e Neuromodulação: Investigações Pré-clínicas, Departamento de Farmacologia – ICBS, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brasil
- Unidade de Experimentação Animal e Grupo de Pesquisa e Pós-Graduação, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brasil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (ICBS) – Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brasil
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38
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Tsang AH, Astiz M, Leinweber B, Oster H. Rodent Models for the Analysis of Tissue Clock Function in Metabolic Rhythms Research. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2017; 8:27. [PMID: 28243224 PMCID: PMC5304405 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2017.00027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The circadian timing system consists on a distributed network of cellular clocks that together coordinate 24-h rhythms of physiology and behavior. Clock function and metabolism are tightly coupled, from the cellular to the organismal level. Genetic and non-genetic approaches in rodents have been employed to study circadian clock function in the living organism. Due to the ubiquitous expression of clock genes and the intricate interaction between the circadian system and energy metabolism, genetic approaches targeting specific tissue clocks have been used to assess their contribution in systemic metabolic processes. However, special requirements regarding specificity and efficiency have to be met to allow for valid conclusions from such studies. In this review, we provide a brief summary of different approaches developed for dissecting tissue clock function in the metabolic context in rodents, compare their strengths and weaknesses, and suggest new strategies in assessing tissue clock output and the consequences of circadian clock disruption in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony H. Tsang
- Chronophysiology Group, Medical Department I, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mariana Astiz
- Chronophysiology Group, Medical Department I, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Brinja Leinweber
- Chronophysiology Group, Medical Department I, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Henrik Oster
- Chronophysiology Group, Medical Department I, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- *Correspondence: Henrik Oster,
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39
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Tran M, Yang Z, Liangpunsakul S, Wang L. Metabolomics Analysis Revealed Distinct Cyclic Changes of Metabolites Altered by Chronic Ethanol-Plus-Binge and Shp Deficiency. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2016; 40:2548-2556. [PMID: 27790731 DOI: 10.1111/acer.13257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic ethanol (EtOH) consumption causes alcoholic liver disease (ALD), and disruption of the circadian system facilitates the development of ALD. Small heterodimer partner (SHP) is a nuclear receptor and critical regulator of hepatic lipid metabolism. This study aimed at depicting circadian metabolomes altered by chronic EtOH-plus-binge and Shp deficiency using high-throughput metabolomics. METHODS Wild-type (WT) C57BL/6 and Shp-/- mice were fed the control diet (CD) or Lieber-DeCarli EtOH liquid diet (ED) for 10 days followed by a single bout of maltose (CD + M) or EtOH (ED + E) binge on the 11th day. Serum and liver were collected over a 24-hour light/dark (LD) cycle at Zeitgeber time ZT12, ZT18, ZT0, and ZT6, and metabolomics was performed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. RESULTS A total of 110 metabolites were identified in liver and of those 80 were also present in serum from pathways of carbohydrates, lipids, pentose phosphate, amino acids, nucleotides, and tricarboxylic acid cycle. In the liver, 91% of metabolites displayed rhythmicity with ED + E, whereas in the serum, only 87% were rhythmic. Bioinformatics analysis identified unique metabolome patterns altered in WT CD + M, WT ED + E, Shp-/- CD + M, and Shp-/- ED + E groups. Specifically, metabolites from the nucleotide and amino acid pathway (ribose, glucose-6-phosphate, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, and sedoheptulose-7-P) were elevated in Shp-/- CD + M mice during the dark cycle, whereas metabolites including N-methylalanine, 2-hydroxybutyric acid, and 2-hydroxyglutarate were elevated in WT ED + E mice during the light cycle. The rhythmicity and abundance of other individual metabolites were also significantly altered by both control and EtOH diets. CONCLUSIONS Metabolomics provides a useful means to identify unique metabolites altered by chronic EtOH-plus-binge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Tran
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut
| | - Zhihong Yang
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut.,Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut
| | - Suthat Liangpunsakul
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana.,Roudebush Veterans Administration Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut.,Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut.,Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
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40
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Early JO, Curtis AM. Immunometabolism: Is it under the eye of the clock? Semin Immunol 2016; 28:478-490. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2016.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Revised: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Shimizu I, Yoshida Y, Minamino T. A role for circadian clock in metabolic disease. Hypertens Res 2016; 39:483-91. [DOI: 10.1038/hr.2016.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Revised: 01/17/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Laermans J, Depoortere I. Chronobesity: role of the circadian system in the obesity epidemic. Obes Rev 2016; 17:108-25. [PMID: 26693661 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Revised: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Although obesity is considered to result from an imbalance between energy uptake and energy expenditure, the strategy of dietary changes and physical exercise has failed to tackle the global obesity epidemic. In search of alternative and more adequate treatment options, research has aimed at further unravelling the mechanisms underlying this excessive weight gain. While numerous studies are focusing on the neuroendocrine alterations that occur after bariatric Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery, an increasing amount of chronobiological studies have started to raise awareness concerning the pivotal role of the circadian system in the development and exacerbation of obesity. This internal timekeeping mechanism rhythmically regulates metabolic and physiological processes in order to meet the fluctuating demands in energy use and supply throughout the 24-h day. This review elaborates on the extensive bidirectional interaction between the circadian system and metabolism and explains how disruption of body clocks by means of shift work, frequent time zone travelling or non-stop consumption of calorie-dense foods can evoke detrimental metabolic alterations that contribute to obesity. Altering the body's circadian rhythms by means of time-related dietary approaches (chrononutrition) or pharmacological substances (chronobiotics) may therefore represent a novel and interesting way to prevent or treat obesity and associated comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Laermans
- Gut Peptide Research Lab, Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - I Depoortere
- Gut Peptide Research Lab, Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Zarrinpar A, Chaix A, Panda S. Daily Eating Patterns and Their Impact on Health and Disease. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2016; 27:69-83. [PMID: 26706567 PMCID: PMC5081399 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2015.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Revised: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Cyclical expression of cell-autonomous circadian clock components and key metabolic regulators coordinate often discordant and distant cellular processes for efficient metabolism. Perturbation of these cycles, either by genetic manipulation, disruption of light/dark cycles, or, most relevant to the human population, via eating patterns, contributes to obesity and dysmetabolism. Time-restricted feeding (TRF), during which time of access to food is restricted to a few hours, without caloric restriction, supports robust metabolic cycles and protects against nutritional challenges that predispose to obesity and dysmetabolism. The mechanism by which TRF imparts its benefits is not fully understood but likely involves entrainment of metabolically active organs through gut signaling. Understanding the relationship of feeding pattern and metabolism could yield novel therapies for the obesity pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Zarrinpar
- Regulatory Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Division of Gastroenterology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| | - Amandine Chaix
- Regulatory Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Satchidananda Panda
- Regulatory Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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Abstract
Robust circadian rhythms in metabolic processes have been described in both humans and animal models, at the whole body, individual organ, and even cellular level. Classically, these time-of-day-dependent rhythms have been considered secondary to fluctuations in energy/nutrient supply/demand associated with feeding/fasting and wake/sleep cycles. Renewed interest in this field has been fueled by studies revealing that these rhythms are driven, at least in part, by intrinsic mechanisms and that disruption of metabolic synchrony invariably increases the risk of cardiometabolic disease. The objectives of this paper are to provide a comprehensive review regarding rhythms in glucose, lipid, and protein/amino acid metabolism, the relative influence of extrinsic (eg, neurohumoral factors) versus intrinsic (eg, cell autonomous circadian clocks) mediators, the physiologic roles of these rhythms in terms of daily fluctuations in nutrient availability and activity status, as well as the pathologic consequences of dyssynchrony.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham R McGinnis
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Martin E Young
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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Shen EY, Jiang Y, Mao W, Futai K, Hock H, Akbarian S. Cognition and mood-related behaviors in L3mbtl1 null mutant mice. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0121252. [PMID: 25849281 PMCID: PMC4388653 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0121252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 01/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Alterations in histone lysine methylation and epigenetic regulators of gene expression could play a role in the neurobiology and treatment of patients diagnosed with mood spectrum disorder, including depression and anxiety. Mutations and altered expression of various lysine methyltransferases (KMTs) and demethylases (KDMs) have been linked to changes in motivational and emotional behaviors in preclinical model systems. However, it is not known whether regulators operating downstream of histone lysine methylation could affect mood-related behavior. Malignant Brain Tumor (MBT) domain 'chromatin reader' proteins bind to methylated histone lysine residues and associate with chromatin remodeling complexes to facilitate or repress gene expression. MBT proteins, including the founding member, L3mbtl1, maintain high levels of expression in neurons of the mature brain. Here, we exposed L3mbtl1 null mutant mice to a wide range of tests exploring cognition and mood-relevant behaviors at baseline and in the context of social isolation, as a stressor to elicit depression-related behavior in susceptible mice. L3mbtl1 loss-of-function was associated with significant decreases in depression and and anxiety in some of the behavioral paradigms. This was not associated with a more generalized neurological dysfunction because cognition and memory remained unaltered in comparison to controls. These findings warrant further investigations on the role of MBT chromatin reader proteins in the context of emotional and affective behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Y. Shen
- Department of Psychiatry, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, 10029, United States of America
| | - Yan Jiang
- Department of Psychiatry, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, 10029, United States of America
| | - Wenjie Mao
- Brudnick Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, 01604, United States of America
| | - Kensuke Futai
- Brudnick Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, 01604, United States of America
| | - Hanno Hock
- Cancer Center and Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, 02114, United States of America
| | - Schahram Akbarian
- Department of Psychiatry, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, 10029, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Gnocchi D, Pedrelli M, Hurt-Camejo E, Parini P. Lipids around the Clock: Focus on Circadian Rhythms and Lipid Metabolism. BIOLOGY 2015; 4:104-32. [PMID: 25665169 PMCID: PMC4381220 DOI: 10.3390/biology4010104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Disorders of lipid and lipoprotein metabolism and transport are responsible for the development of a large spectrum of pathologies, ranging from cardiovascular diseases, to metabolic syndrome, even to tumour development. Recently, a deeper knowledge of the molecular mechanisms that control our biological clock and circadian rhythms has been achieved. From these studies it has clearly emerged how the molecular clock tightly regulates every aspect of our lives, including our metabolism. This review analyses the organisation and functioning of the circadian clock and its relevance in the regulation of physiological processes. We also describe metabolism and transport of lipids and lipoproteins as an essential aspect for our health, and we will focus on how the circadian clock and lipid metabolism are greatly interconnected. Finally, we discuss how a deeper knowledge of this relationship might be useful to improve the recent spread of metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Gnocchi
- Division of Clinical Chemistry, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, 14186, Sweden.
| | - Matteo Pedrelli
- Division of Clinical Chemistry, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, 14186, Sweden.
- Strategy and Externalization, CVMD iMED, AstraZeneca, R&D, Mölndal, SE-431 83, Sweden.
| | - Eva Hurt-Camejo
- Strategy and Externalization, CVMD iMED, AstraZeneca, R&D, Mölndal, SE-431 83, Sweden.
| | - Paolo Parini
- Division of Clinical Chemistry, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, 14186, Sweden.
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Insights into Transcriptional Regulation of Hepatic Glucose Production. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2015; 318:203-53. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2015.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Oosterman JE, Kalsbeek A, la Fleur SE, Belsham DD. Impact of nutrients on circadian rhythmicity. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2014; 308:R337-50. [PMID: 25519730 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00322.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) in the mammalian hypothalamus functions as an endogenous pacemaker that generates and maintains circadian rhythms throughout the body. Next to this central clock, peripheral oscillators exist in almost all mammalian tissues. Whereas the SCN is mainly entrained to the environment by light, peripheral clocks are entrained by various factors, of which feeding/fasting is the most important. Desynchronization between the central and peripheral clocks by, for instance, altered timing of food intake can lead to uncoupling of peripheral clocks from the central pacemaker and is, in humans, related to the development of metabolic disorders, including obesity and Type 2 diabetes. Diets high in fat or sugar have been shown to alter circadian clock function. This review discusses the recent findings concerning the influence of nutrients, in particular fatty acids and glucose, on behavioral and molecular circadian rhythms and will summarize critical studies describing putative mechanisms by which these nutrients are able to alter normal circadian rhythmicity, in the SCN, in non-SCN brain areas, as well as in peripheral organs. As the effects of fat and sugar on the clock could be through alterations in energy status, the role of specific nutrient sensors will be outlined, as well as the molecular studies linking these components to metabolism. Understanding the impact of specific macronutrients on the circadian clock will allow for guidance toward the composition and timing of meals optimal for physiological health, as well as putative therapeutic targets to regulate the molecular clock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanneke E Oosterman
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Departments of Physiology
| | - Andries Kalsbeek
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Hypothalamic Integration Mechanisms, The Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, an Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Susanne E la Fleur
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Denise D Belsham
- Departments of Physiology, Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Medicine, University of Toronto and Division of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and
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49
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Abstract
Most organisms display endogenously produced ∼ 24-hour fluctuations in physiology and behavior, termed circadian rhythms. Circadian rhythms are driven by a transcriptional-translational feedback loop that is hierarchically expressed throughout the brain and body, with the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus serving as the master circadian oscillator at the top of the hierarchy. Appropriate circadian regulation is important for many homeostatic functions including energy regulation. Multiple genes involved in nutrient metabolism display rhythmic oscillations, and metabolically related hormones such as glucagon, insulin, ghrelin, leptin, and corticosterone are released in a circadian fashion. Mice harboring mutations in circadian clock genes alter feeding behavior, endocrine signaling, and dietary fat absorption. Moreover, misalignment between behavioral and molecular circadian clocks can result in obesity in both rodents and humans. Importantly, circadian rhythms are most potently synchronized to the external environment by light information and exposure to light at night potentially disrupts circadian system function. Since the advent of electric lights around the turn of the 20th century, exposure to artificial and irregular light schedules has become commonplace. The increase in exposure to light at night parallels the global increase in the prevalence of obesity and metabolic disorders. In this review, we propose that exposure to light at night alters metabolic function through disruption of the circadian system. We first provide an introduction to the circadian system, with a specific emphasis on the effects of light on circadian rhythms. Next we address interactions between the circadian system and metabolism. Finally, we review current experimental and epidemiological work directly associating exposure to light at night and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura K Fonken
- Department of Neuroscience, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
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50
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Abstract
Circadian clocks that comprise clock genes exist throughout the body and control daily physiological events. The central clock that dominates activity rhythms is entrained by light/dark cycles, whereas peripheral clocks regulating local metabolic rhythms are determined by feeding/fasting cycles. Nutrients reset peripheral circadian clocks and the local clock genes control downstream metabolic processes. Metabolic states also affect the clockworks in feedback manners. Because the circadian system organizes whole energy homeostasis, including food intake, fat accumulation, and caloric expenditure, the disruption of circadian clocks leads to metabolic disorders. Recent findings show that time-restricted feeding during the active phase amplifies circadian clocks and improves metabolic disorders induced by a high-fat diet without caloric reduction, whereas unusual/irregular food intake induces various metabolic dysfunctions. Such evidence from nutrition studies that consider circadian system (chrononutrition) has rapidly accumulated. We review molecular relationships between circadian clocks and nutrition as well as recent chrononutrition findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideaki Oike
- Food Function Division, National Food Research Institute (NFRI), National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), 2-1-12 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8642 Japan ; Biological Clock Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 6, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566 Japan
| | - Katsutaka Oishi
- Biological Clock Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 6, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566 Japan ; Department of Medical Genome Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan ; Department of Applied Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Japan
| | - Masuko Kobori
- Food Function Division, National Food Research Institute (NFRI), National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), 2-1-12 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8642 Japan
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