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Hutchison V, Perez M, Arnink C, Hoff C, Manicke M, Cockrell S, Phillips C, Madaras A, Chambers S, Baca M, Ceballos V, Hettema J. A Qualitative Study Exploring Reproductive Desires and Parenting Attitudes among Ethnically Diverse Teens at Risk of Unintended Pregnancy. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 2024:S1083-3188(24)00018-4. [PMID: 38278411 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpag.2024.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES There is minimal research eliciting teen reproductive desires and parenting attitudes. Behavioral, educational, and public health interventions to prevent teen pregnancy often highlight the negative consequences of teen pregnancy or benefits of delaying parenting. However, limited empirical information is available regarding what factors teens perceive to influence the desire to delay pregnancy. In this study, we sought to identify teen perspectives regarding factors that influence their desire to delay parenting. STUDY DESIGN A consensual qualitative research approach was used to identify reproductive desires, parenting attitudes, and any factors that influence the desire to delay parenting expressed by at risk teens. Forty participants were randomly selected from a larger clinical trial testing the efficacy of a brief, motivational interviewing-based intervention. During the brief intervention, participants were asked about their parenting attitudes and reproductive desires and factors that influence decisions to avoid teen pregnancy. These recorded segments were extracted, transcribed, and thematically analyzed. RESULTS The study collected qualitative data on overarching key themes regarding teen parenting attitudes and reproductive desires, as well as factors that influence the desire to delay pregnancy, including education, financial stability, partnership, maturity/responsibility, friendships, and family. Many participants indicated that they wanted to delay parenting due to wanting to pursue future goals and/or not feeling ready for the responsibility of children. CONCLUSION Overall, teens have a variety of reasons for delaying parenting that may not be explicitly captured by the general gain/loss messaging of current interventions. Allowing teens to explore their own beliefs and values around factors that they perceive to influence their desire to delay parenting creates autonomy and places the focus on the teens themselves and not perceived future losses or gains. IMPLICATIONS This study analyzed the parenting attitudes and reproductive desires of teens undergoing a parenting prevention motivational interviewing intervention. Through a qualitative assessment, this article identifies themes of teen perspectives regarding factors that influence their desire to delay parenting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Hutchison
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico.
| | - Mayra Perez
- Community Health Worker Initiatives, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Cade Arnink
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Christina Hoff
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Matthew Manicke
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Stephanie Cockrell
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Christina Phillips
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Annemarie Madaras
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Stephanie Chambers
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Melanie Baca
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Venice Ceballos
- Community Health Worker Initiatives, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Jennifer Hettema
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico
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Weitzman ER, Minegishi M, Cox R, Wisk LE. Associations Between Patient-Reported Outcome Measures of Physical and Psychological Functioning and Willingness to Share Social Media Data for Research Among Adolescents With a Chronic Rheumatic Disease: Cross-Sectional Survey. JMIR Pediatr Parent 2023; 6:e46555. [PMID: 38059571 PMCID: PMC10721135 DOI: 10.2196/46555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Social media data may augment understanding of the disease and treatment experiences and quality of life of youth with chronic medical conditions. Little is known about the willingness to share social media data for health research among youth with chronic medical conditions and the differences in health status between sharing and nonsharing youth with chronic medical conditions. Objective We aimed to evaluate the associations between patient-reported measures of disease symptoms and functioning and the willingness to share social media data. Methods Between February 2018 and August 2019, during routine clinic visits, survey data about social media use and the willingness to share social media data (dependent variable) were collected from adolescents in a national rheumatic disease registry. Survey data were analyzed with patient-reported measures of disease symptoms and functioning and a clinical measure of disease activity, which were collected through a parent study. We used descriptive statistics and multivariate logistic regression to compare patient-reported outcomes between youth with chronic medical conditions who opted to share social media data and those who did not opt to share such data. Results Among 112 youths, (age: mean 16.1, SD 1.6 y; female: n=72, 64.3%), 83 (74.1%) agreed to share social media data. Female participants were more likely to share (P=.04). In all, 49 (43.8%) and 28 (25%) participants viewed and posted about rheumatic disease, respectively. Compared to nonsharers, sharers reported lower mobility (T-score: mean 49.0, SD 9.4 vs mean 53.9, SD 8.9; P=.02) and more pain interference (T-score: mean 45.7, SD 8.8 vs mean 40.4, SD 8.0; P=.005), fatigue (T-score: mean 49.1, SD 11.0 vs mean 39.7, SD 9.7; P<.001), depression (T-score: mean 48.1, SD 8.9 vs mean 42.2, SD 8.4; P=.003), and anxiety (T-score: mean 45.2, SD 9.3 vs mean 38.5, SD 7.0; P<.001). In regression analyses adjusted for age, sex, study site, and Physician Global Assessment score, each 1-unit increase in symptoms was associated with greater odds of willingness to share social media data, for measures of pain interference (Adjusted Odds Ratio [AOR] 1.07, 95% CI 1.001-1.14), fatigue (AOR 1.08, 95% CI 1.03-1.13), depression (AOR 1.07, 95% CI 1.01-1.13), and anxiety (AOR 1.10, 95% CI 1.03-1.18). Conclusions High percentages of youth with rheumatic diseases used and were willing to share their social media data for research. Sharers reported worse symptoms and functioning compared to those of nonsharers. Social media may offer a potent information source and engagement pathway for youth with rheumatic diseases, but differences between sharing and nonsharing youth merit consideration when designing studies and evaluating social media-derived findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elissa R Weitzman
- Division of Adolescent/Young Adult Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, BostonMA, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, BostonMA, United States
- Division of Addiction Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, BostonMA, United States
| | - Machiko Minegishi
- Division of Adolescent/Young Adult Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, BostonMA, United States
- Division of Addiction Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, BostonMA, United States
| | - Rachele Cox
- Division of Adolescent/Young Adult Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, BostonMA, United States
- Division of Addiction Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, BostonMA, United States
| | - Lauren E Wisk
- Division of General Internal Medicine and Health Services Research, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los AngelesCA, United States
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Cheng Y, Yu Z, Xu C, Manoli G, Ren X, Zhang J, Liu Y, Yin R, Zhao B, Vejre H. Climatic and Economic Background Determine the Disparities in Urbanites' Expressed Happiness during the Summer Heat. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:10951-10961. [PMID: 37458710 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c01765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Climate-change-induced extreme weather events increase heat-related mortality and health risks for urbanites, which may also affect urbanites' expressed happiness (EH) and well-being. However, the links among EH, climate, and socioeconomic factors remain unclear. Here we collected ∼6 million geotagged tweets from 44 Chinese prefecture-level cities based on Sina Weibo and performed a quadratic regression model to explore the relationships between summer heat and EH. A three-stage analysis was developed to examine spatiotemporal heterogeneity and identify factors contributing to disparities in urbanites' EH. Results show that all cities exhibited a similar hump-shaped relationship, with an overall optimal temperature (OT) of 22.8 °C. The estimated OT varied geographically, with 25.3, 23.8, and 20.0 °C from north to south. Moreover, a 1 standard deviation increase in heatwave intensity was associated with a 0.813 (95% CI: 0.177, 1.449) standard deviation decrease in EH. Notably, within the geographic scope of this study, it was observed that urbanites in northern China and economically underdeveloped cities faced significantly lower heat risks during the summer heat. This research provides insight for future studies and practical applications concerning extreme weather events, urbanites' mental health, and sustainable urban development goal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingyi Cheng
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 2005, People's Republic of China
- College of Landscape Architecture, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaowu Yu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 2005, People's Republic of China
| | - Chi Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Gabriele Manoli
- Laboratory of Urban and Environmental Systems, School of Architecture, Civil & Environmental Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Xiaopeng Ren
- Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinguang Zhang
- College of Landscape Architecture, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Yawen Liu
- College of Landscape Architecture, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Yin
- College of Landscape Architecture, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Zhao
- College of Landscape Architecture, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Henrik Vejre
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 1958, Denmark
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Kulandaivelu Y, Hamilton J, Banerjee A, Gruzd A, Patel B, Stinson J. Social Media Interventions for Nutrition Education Among Adolescents: Scoping Review. JMIR Pediatr Parent 2023; 6:e36132. [PMID: 37471119 PMCID: PMC10401194 DOI: 10.2196/36132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescence is a critical period for reinforcing healthy dietary behaviors and supporting the development of cooking skills. Social media may be an avenue for supporting these behaviors, as it is popular among adolescents and can improve access to nutrition education interventions. This study sought to understand the optimal implementation of effective social media-based nutrition education interventions to inform the implementation of future social media-based nutrition education interventions. OBJECTIVE A scoping review of the characteristics, feasibility, effectiveness, and factors influencing social media-based nutrition education interventions for adolescents was conducted. METHODS We searched MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science, and PsycINFO databases using a predefined search strategy. Primary research articles were independently screened and included if they involved adolescent populations (10-18 years old) and delivered nutrition education through social media. The information on intervention characteristics, feasibility, effectiveness, and factors influencing social media-based nutrition education interventions was extracted. RESULTS A total of 28 publications out of 20,557 met the eligibility criteria. Twenty-five nutrition interventions were examined by 28 studies. Fourteen interventions used homegrown social media platforms, 8 used Facebook, and 2 used Instagram. Feasibility outcomes were infrequently reported, and the cost of intervention delivery was not reported. Engagement with interventions was variable; high engagement was not required to elicit significant improvements in dietary behaviors. Tailoring interventions, offering practical content, meaningful peer support, and involving families and communities facilitated successful interventions. Strategies to address engagement and technical issues were varied. CONCLUSIONS Emerging evidence demonstrates that social media interventions for adolescent nutrition are acceptable and improve nutrition outcomes. Future interventions should strengthen peer support components and tailor delivery to specific populations. Further research should examine engagement, adherence, and the impact of interventions on behavioral and physical outcomes. This review is the first to examine the use of social media as the primary medium for nutrition education for adolescent populations. The analysis used in this review argues the importance of peer support in social media-based nutrition interventions and the need for user-centered design of the interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalinie Kulandaivelu
- Child Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jill Hamilton
- Centre for Healthy Active Kids, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ananya Banerjee
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Anatoliy Gruzd
- Information Technology Management, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Barkha Patel
- Centre for Healthy Active Kids, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jennifer Stinson
- Child Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Bennett DJ, Bango J, Rothkopf DM. Hand Therapy after Flexor and Extensor Tendon Repair: Assessing Predictors of Loss to Follow-up. PLASTIC AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY-GLOBAL OPEN 2023; 11:e4941. [PMID: 37124389 PMCID: PMC10132707 DOI: 10.1097/gox.0000000000004941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Postoperative hand therapy (HT) is important for regaining function and preventing complications in patients undergoing tendon repair of the hand and wrist. Loss to follow-up (LTFU) can hinder this process; so we sought to determine factors that predict attrition of these patients. Methods Charts were retrospectively reviewed for patients who underwent extensor or flexor tendon repair of the hand, wrist, or forearm between 2014 and 2019. Demographic data, including age, sex, zip code, employment status, education level, and insurance type, were collected, and the rate of LTFU was calculated. Logistic regression was used to analyze factors. Results A total of 149 patients were identified and analyzed. The rate of LTFU was 42%. Factors that predicted loss were younger age, male gender, lower educational degree, and a documented psychiatric history. Employment status, insurance type, and distance from the HT center did not predict attrition. The number of HT weeks recommended by the occupational therapist did not differ between those who were lost and those who were not. Lost patients completed, on average, 57% of their suggested HT course. Conclusions The current study identified demographic factors associated with attrition in patients undergoing tendon repair of the distal upper extremity. Factors included patients who were younger, male gender, less educated, and had a documented psychiatric history. By identifying factors that predict LTFU, specific strategies can be developed to reduce attrition rates, particularly for at-risk populations, to improve patient care after tendon repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desmond J. Bennett
- Division of Plastic Surgery, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Mass
| | - Jugert Bango
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine – Jacksonville, Jacksonville, Fla
| | - Douglas M. Rothkopf
- Division of Plastic Surgery, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Mass
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Zhu Y, Cao L, Xie J, Yu Y, Chen A, Huang F. Using social media data to assess the impact of COVID-19 on mental health in China. Psychol Med 2023; 53:388-395. [PMID: 33875036 PMCID: PMC8060544 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291721001598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The outbreak and rapid spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) not only caused an adverse impact on physical health, but also brought about mental health problems among the public. METHODS To assess the causal impact of COVID-19 on psychological changes in China, we constructed a city-level panel data set based on the expressed sentiment in the contents of 13 million geotagged tweets on Sina Weibo, the Chinese largest microblog platform. RESULTS Applying a difference-in-differences approach, we found a significant deterioration in mental health status after the occurrence of COVID-19. We also observed that this psychological effect faded out over time during our study period and was more pronounced among women, teenagers and older adults. The mental health impact was more likely to be observed in cities with low levels of initial mental health status, economic development, medical resources and social security. CONCLUSIONS Our findings may assist in the understanding of mental health impact of COVID-19 and yield useful insights into how to make effective psychological interventions in this kind of sudden public health event.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjian Zhu
- School of Management, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Liqing Cao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Jingui Xie
- School of Management, Technical University of Munich, Heilbronn, Germany
| | - Yugang Yu
- School of Management, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Anfan Chen
- School of Humanity and Social Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Fengming Huang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
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Dai L, Lu W, Wang J, Zhang L, Zhu J. Social environment exposure to electronic cigarettes and its association with e-cigarette use among adolescents in Shanghai, China. Front Public Health 2022; 10:1005323. [PMID: 36407975 PMCID: PMC9669338 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1005323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study investigated adolescents' social-environmental exposure to e-cigarettes in association with e-cigarette use in Shanghai, China. We also explored these differences by gender and school type. Methods Sixteen thousand one hundred twenty-three students were included by a stratified random cluster sampling, and the number was weighted according to selection probability. Association between social environment exposure and e-cigarette use was examined by multivariate logistic regressions. Results There were 35.07, 63.49, 75.19, 9.44, and 18.99% students exposed to secondhand e-cigarette aerosol (SHA), e-cigarette sales, e-cigarette information, parents' and friends' e-cigarette use. Students exposed to SHA (aOR = 1.73, 95% CI 1.40-2.14), e-cigarette sales from ≥2 sources (aOR = 1.55, 95% CI 1.18-2.03), e-cigarette information exposure from ≥2 sources (aOR = 1.39, 95% CI 1.05-1.83), and having a social e-smoking environment (friends' e-cigarette use: aOR = 2.56, 95% CI 2.07-3.16; parents' e-cigarette use: aOR = 1.54, 95% CI 1.17-2.02) were significantly associated with their intention to use e-cigarettes. More girls were exposed to e-cigarette sales in the malls, e-cigarette information at points of sale and on social media (P < 0.01), and exposure to sales from ≥2 sources were associated with girls' intention to use e-cigarettes (aOR = 1.84, 95% CI 1.22-2.78). However, boys were more likely to be exposed to friends' e-cigarette use (P < 0.001), and having friends using e-cigarettes was associated with greater intention to use them in boys (aOR = 2.64, 95% CI 1.97-3.55). Less vocational high school students were exposed to parents' e-cigarette use (P < 0.001), but they were more likely to use e-cigarettes in the future after being exposed (aOR = 2.27, 95% CI 1.50-3.43). A similar phenomenon was observed between junior high students and their exposure to SHA. Conclusions This study reported adolescents' high exposure rates to the social environment of e-cigarettes. Exposure to SHA, e-cigarette sales from ≥2 sources, e-cigarette information from ≥2 sources and having a social e-smoking environment were related to adolescents' intention to use e-cigarettes. Differences in gender and school type were observed. More attention should be paid to girls, and different interventions should be designed for different types of school students. Additionally, comprehensive tobacco control policies are needed.
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Childbearing intentions, fertility awareness knowledge and contraceptive use among female university students in Cameroon. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0276270. [PMID: 36251661 PMCID: PMC9576058 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0276270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The primary objective of this study was to examine the association between fertility awareness knowledge, and contraceptive use among sexually active female university students (FUS) in Cameroon. METHODS This study was designed as a secondary data analysis of a cross-sectional survey that was conducted between July and August 2018. We extracted and analyzed relevant data (i.e., socio-demographic characteristics, sexual behavior, fertility-related characteristics, and contraceptive use) using a modified Poisson regression with a robust variance estimator. Prevalence Ratios (PR) and 95% confidence intervals were estimated, and statistical significance was set at P≤0.05. RESULTS The median age of the sexually active FUS was 23 years (IQR = 21-25) and 99.3% indicated that they wanted to have children. Only 49.3% knew their fertile period and 62.5% of the sexually active FUS were current contraceptive users. We found a statistically significant association between fertility awareness knowledge and period abstinence (PR = 1.57;95%CI: 1.02-2.44, p = 0.049). In multivariate adjusted models, there was a statistically significant association between fertility awareness knowledge and male condom use (APR = 1.29; 95% CI:1.02-1.64, p-value = 0.032) and the withdrawal method (APR = 1.40;95% CI:1.02-1.93, p = 0.038). We found a statistically significant effect modification of "preferred timing to have children" on the association between fertility awareness knowledge and withdrawal method use. There was no association between fertility awareness knowledge and the use of oral contraceptive pills. CONCLUSION Most of the female students intend to have children in the future, but their fertility awareness knowledge was suboptimal. There was a statistically significant relationship between fertility awareness knowledge, and the use of male condoms and the withdrawal method. The study underscores the need for FUS to be targeted with interventions to help them gain knowledge of their menstrual cycle to better plan or avoid unwanted pregnancy.
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Budenz A, Klassen A, Purtle J, Yom-Tov E, Yudell M, Massey P. "If I was to post something, it would be too vulnerable:" University students and mental health disclosures on instagram. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2022; 70:615-624. [PMID: 32407177 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2020.1759608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Assess Instagram use for mental health disclosure in university students to assess the potential for Instagram use as mental health support-seeking. PARTICIPANTS Twenty-one students using mental health services while attending a private, Mid-Atlantic university between 6/2017-12/2017. METHODS Collected qualitative interview and Instagram data and analyzed them in parallel. Instagram data supplemented interview themes and were coded and analyzed quantitatively to define features of participants' Instagram use. RESULTS Participants displayed aversions to posting mental health disclosures on Instagram, citing public and self-stigma as barriers to disclosure. Despite this, participants reported instances in which their Instagram posts directly or indirectly reflected their lived experiences. Some also maintained second anonymous accounts for fuller disclosure. CONCLUSIONS Given the benefits of mental health disclosures to well-being and the predilection for social media use in university students, student and university-led initiatives to promote social media environments conducive to disclosures could have widespread mental health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Budenz
- Public Health: Community Health and Prevention, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ann Klassen
- Public Health: Community Health and Prevention, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jonathan Purtle
- Public Health: Health Management and Policy, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Michael Yudell
- Public Health: Community Health and Prevention, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Philip Massey
- Public Health: Community Health and Prevention, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Lu J. Exploring the adoption of social media in self-paced physical activity in early childhood education: a case in central China. EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT : ETR & D 2021; 70:321-338. [PMID: 34785875 PMCID: PMC8582332 DOI: 10.1007/s11423-021-10059-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Social media web 2.0 technologies can be adopted as an inclusive method to assist children in enhancing their quality of education for the Sustainable Development Goals (e.g. SDGs 4 and 17). Social media technologies have been documented as low-cost, synchronous, and convenient methods to assist young children, parents, and early childhood (EC) teachers in communication and collaboration. However, few researchers have explored the potential usage of social media tools in enhancing children's physical activities in the early years, particularly during the pandemic period. This article uses the example of WeChat Sports, one of the most famous children's games supported by social media web 2.0, to explore the benefits, challenges, and potentialities of using them in ECE. This research uses semi-structured interviews to gain a deeper understanding of the attitudes and perspectives of EC teachers and parents on the potential usage of social media technologies in supporting children's physical activities. The results reveal that most participants had a good understanding of using scientific methods to assist children's physical development, however, they expressed concerns on children's health, privacy, and formal learning in terms of overexposure to social media technologies. Suggestions and implications are also provided for both social media application developers and educators in future research studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjin Lu
- Academy of Future Education, Department of Educational Studies, Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, 111 Ren’ai Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, 215123 Jiangsu Province People’s Republic of China
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Hswen Y, Thorpe Huerta D, Le-Compte C, Hawkins JB, Brownstein JS. A 10-Year Social Media Analysis Exploring Hospital Online Support of Black Lives Matter and the Black Community. JAMA Netw Open 2021; 4:e2126714. [PMID: 34652448 PMCID: PMC8520129 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.26714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Tensions around COVID-19 and systemic racism have raised the question: are hospitals advocating for equity for their Black patients? It is imperative for hospitals to be supportive of the Black community and acknowledge themselves as safe spaces, run by clinicians and staff who care about social justice issues that impact the health of the Black community; without the expression of support, Black patients may perceive hospitals as uncaring and unsafe, potentially delaying or avoiding treatment, which can result in serious complications and death for those with COVID-19. OBJECTIVE To explore how hospitals showed public-facing support for the Black community as measured through tweets about social equity or the Black Lives Matter (BLM) movement. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Using a retrospective longitudinal cohort study design, tweets from the top 100 ranked hospitals were collected, starting with the most recent over a 10-year span, from May 3, 2009, to June 26, 2020. The date of the George Floyd killing, May 25, 2020, was investigated as a point of interest. Data were analyzed from June 11 to December 4, 2020. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Tweets were manually identified based on 4 categories: BLM, associated with the BLM movement; Black support, expressed support for Black population within the hospital's community; Black health, pertained to health concerns specific to and the creation of health care for the Black community; or social justice, associated with general social justice terms that were too general to label as Black. If a tweet did not contain any hashtags from these categories, it remained unlabeled. RESULTS A total of 281 850 tweets from 90 unique social media accounts were collected. Each handle returned at least 1279 tweets, with 85 handles (94.4%) returning at least 3000 tweets. Tweet publication dates ranged from 2009 to 2020. A total of 274 tweets (0.097%) from 67 handles (74.4%) used a hashtag to support the BLM movement. Among the tweets labeled BLM, the first tweet was published in 2018 and only 4 tweets (1.5%) predated the killing of George Floyd. A similar trend of low signal observed was detected for the other categories (Black support: 244 tweets [0.086%] from 42 handles [46.7%] starting in 2013; Black health: 28 tweets [0.0099%] from 15 handles [16.7%] starting in 2018; social justice: 40 tweets [0.014%] from 21 handles [23.3%] starting in 2015). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE These findings reflect the low signal of tweets regarding the Black community and social justice in a generalized way across approximately 10 years of tweets for all the hospital handles within the data set. From 2009 to 2020, hospitals rarely engaged in issues pertaining to the Black community and if so, only within the last half of this time period. These later entrances into these discussions indicate that these discussions are relatively recent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulin Hswen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco
- Bakar Computational Health Sciences Institute, University of California, San Francisco
- Computational Epidemiology Lab, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Innovation Program, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Danyellé Thorpe Huerta
- Computational Epidemiology Lab, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Innovation Program, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Circe Le-Compte
- Department of Social Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jared B. Hawkins
- Computational Epidemiology Lab, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Innovation Program, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - John S. Brownstein
- Computational Epidemiology Lab, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Innovation Program, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
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12
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Cheng T, Horbay B, Nocos R, Lutes L, Lear SA. The Role of Tailored Public Health Messaging to Young Adults during COVID-19: "There's a lot of ambiguity around what it means to be safe". PLoS One 2021; 16:e0258121. [PMID: 34597332 PMCID: PMC8486094 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0258121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 global incidence rate among young adults (age 19-40) drastically increased since summer 2020, and young adults were often portrayed by popular media as the "main spreader" of the pandemic. However, young adults faced unique challenges during the pandemic due to working in high-risk, low-paying essential service occupations, as well as having higher levels of financial insecurity and mental burden. This qualitative study aims to examine the attitudes and perceptions of health orders of young adults to better inform public health messaging to reach this demographic and increase compliance to public health orders. A total of 50 young adults residing in British Columbia, Canada, were recruited to participate in focus group in groups of four to six. Focus group discussions were conducted via teleconferencing. Thematic analysis revealed four major themes: 1) risks of contracting the disease, 2) the perceived impact of COVID-19, 3) responsibility of institutions, 4) and effective public health messaging. Contrary to existing literature, our findings suggest young adults feel highly responsible for protecting themselves and others. They face a higher risk of depression and anxiety compared to other age groups, especially when they take on multiple social roles such as caregivers and parents. Our findings suggest young adults face confusion due to inconsistent messaging and are not reached due to the ineffectiveness of existing strategies. We recommend using evidence-based strategies proven to promote behaviour change to address the barriers identified by young adults through tailoring public health messages, specifically by using positive messaging, messaging that considers the context of the intended audiences, and utilizing digital platforms to facilitate two-way communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Cheng
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Community Health Research Team, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Braxtyn Horbay
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Okanagan, British Columbia, Canada
- Centre of Obesity and Well-being Research Excellence, University of British Columbia, Okanagan, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Rochelle Nocos
- Community Health Research Team, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Lesley Lutes
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Okanagan, British Columbia, Canada
- Centre of Obesity and Well-being Research Excellence, University of British Columbia, Okanagan, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Scott A. Lear
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Division of Cardiology, Providence Health Care, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Uhls YT, Felt L, Wartella E, Sanders A. Investigating Viewership of Season 3 of "13 Reasons Why" and the Mental Wellness of Adolescents: Partially Randomized Preference Trial. JMIR Ment Health 2021; 8:e25782. [PMID: 34524097 PMCID: PMC8482170 DOI: 10.2196/25782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A conflicting body of research suggests that additional investigation is needed to understand how globally watched television shows featuring social and mental health issues, such as 13 Reasons Why, might affect adolescents' mental wellness. OBJECTIVE This study aims to investigate adolescents' viewership of the third season of the Netflix drama 13 Reasons Why (13RW-3) and their engagement with show-related content, paying special attention to mental health outcomes and conversational partners. METHODS A panel-based research platform operated by the National Opinion Research Center at the University of Chicago recruited 157 adolescents aged 13 to 17 years from its nationally representative pool of participants. Participants answered questions about how they discussed and learned about social and mental health issues portrayed in 13RW-3 (eg, masculine role pressure and sexual assault) and questions about mental wellness (eg, mental health self-efficacy and depression). After the participants completed the survey (T1), they were directed to either watch 13RW-3 as it aired for the first time (intervention group) or not watch 13RW-3 (control group). Approximately one month later (T2), all the participants were asked to complete the postsurvey. Additional survey questions about conversational partners, information seeking because of watching the show, and use of show-related content were included in the intervention postsurvey. RESULTS Our sample (N=157) was 52.2% (n=82) female and 54.8% (n=86) White, with a mean age of 14.99 (SD 1.4) years. At T2, viewers of 13RW-3 spoke about suicide significantly more frequently than nonviewers (P=.007). From T1 to T2, viewers increasingly discussed issues explored by 13RW-3 (P=.002), especially suicide, mental health, and bullying. Adolescent viewers were most likely to speak with friends, and parents were the second most commonly named. Two variables emerged as consistent moderators of conversational choices-having depressive symptoms and being impacted by sexual assault. There was no association between conversational frequency and information seeking around social and mental health issues, and neither mental health self-efficacy scores nor masculine role pressure scores significantly differed between viewers and nonviewers at T2. CONCLUSIONS Viewing 13RW-3, a globally watched television show featuring social and mental health issues, led to adolescent conversations and information searches about topics explored by the show. Depressive symptoms and the impact of sexual assault moderated several relationships, guiding participants toward engaging with certain issues and seeking out specific conversational partners. As 13RW-3's stories drove conversations-and story-driven conversations can raise awareness, reduce stigma, shift attitudes, normalize certain behaviors, and strengthen supportive relationships-potential wellness implications for television shows featuring social and mental health issues are considerable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalda T Uhls
- University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Laurel Felt
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Ellen Wartella
- School of Communication, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
| | - Andrew Sanders
- University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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14
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Aggarwal R, Farag S, Martin G, Ashrafian H, Darzi A. Patient Perceptions on Data Sharing and Applying Artificial Intelligence to Health Care Data: Cross-sectional Survey. J Med Internet Res 2021; 23:e26162. [PMID: 34236994 PMCID: PMC8430862 DOI: 10.2196/26162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Considerable research is being conducted as to how artificial intelligence (AI) can be effectively applied to health care. However, for the successful implementation of AI, large amounts of health data are required for training and testing algorithms. As such, there is a need to understand the perspectives and viewpoints of patients regarding the use of their health data in AI research. Objective We surveyed a large sample of patients for identifying current awareness regarding health data research, and for obtaining their opinions and views on data sharing for AI research purposes, and on the use of AI technology on health care data. Methods A cross-sectional survey with patients was conducted at a large multisite teaching hospital in the United Kingdom. Data were collected on patient and public views about sharing health data for research and the use of AI on health data. Results A total of 408 participants completed the survey. The respondents had generally low levels of prior knowledge about AI. Most were comfortable with sharing health data with the National Health Service (NHS) (318/408, 77.9%) or universities (268/408, 65.7%), but far fewer with commercial organizations such as technology companies (108/408, 26.4%). The majority endorsed AI research on health care data (357/408, 87.4%) and health care imaging (353/408, 86.4%) in a university setting, provided that concerns about privacy, reidentification of anonymized health care data, and consent processes were addressed. Conclusions There were significant variations in the patient perceptions, levels of support, and understanding of health data research and AI. Greater public engagement levels and debates are necessary to ensure the acceptability of AI research and its successful integration into clinical practice in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Aggarwal
- Institute of Global Health Innovation, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Soma Farag
- Institute of Global Health Innovation, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Guy Martin
- Institute of Global Health Innovation, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hutan Ashrafian
- Institute of Global Health Innovation, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ara Darzi
- Institute of Global Health Innovation, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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15
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Sauder KA, Ritchie ND, Crowe B, Cox E, Hudson M, Wadhwa S. Participation and weight loss in online National Diabetes Prevention Programs: a comparison of age and gender subgroups. Transl Behav Med 2021; 11:342-350. [PMID: 32469058 DOI: 10.1093/tbm/ibaa048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Early onset diabetes has adverse transgenerational effects, yet in-person National Diabetes Prevention Programs (NDPPs) have low reach among adults of peak reproductive age. We examined participation and weight loss with online NDPPs for younger versus older adults. Solera Health, Inc., collected data from 12,966 adults who enrolled in a yearlong online NDPP from 2015 to 2018. We used general linear models and logistic regression to assess differences between younger and older adults (<45 vs. ≥45 years) in session initiation (logging in), session completion (activities approximating intensity of in-person classes), and weight loss, overall and according to engagement thresholds. Almost all (N = 12,497, 96%) individuals who enrolled initiated ≥1 session(s), but fewer (N = 2,408, 19%) completed ≥4 sessions over ≥9 months, achieving 4.5% weight loss on average. Among all enrollees with ≥2 weights (N = 10,161), younger men and women lost less weight (1.8% and 1.7%, respectively) than older men (3.3%) and women (2.7%; all p < .05). Among all enrollees who completed ≥4 sessions over ≥9 months, weight loss did not differ between older men (4.3%), older women (4.0%), and younger men (3.5%), but younger women achieved less weight loss (3.0%) than older adults (all p < .001). Online programming supports NDPP reach and weight loss, although younger adults completed fewer sessions and young women achieved less weight loss than older adults. Efforts to increase ongoing engagement among younger adults are needed to prevent early onset of diabetes and adverse transgenerational effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine A Sauder
- Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes Center, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, 12474 E 19th Avenue F426, Aurora, CO, USA.,Department of Pediatrics-Nutrition, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Natalie D Ritchie
- Center for Health Systems Research, Office of Research, Denver Health and Hospital Authority, Denver, CO, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Byron Crowe
- Solera Health, Inc., Phoenix, AZ, USA.,Department of Medicine-Internal Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Edith Cox
- Solera Health, Inc., Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | | | - Sandeep Wadhwa
- Solera Health, Inc., Phoenix, AZ, USA.,Department of Medicine-Geriatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
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16
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Perkins RC, Gross R, Regan K, Bishay L, Sawicki GS. Perceptions of Social Media Use to Augment Health Care Among Adolescents and Young Adults With Cystic Fibrosis: Survey Study. JMIR Pediatr Parent 2021; 4:e25014. [PMID: 34232121 PMCID: PMC8406102 DOI: 10.2196/25014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND For individuals with cystic fibrosis (CF), adolescence and young adulthood are times of significant vulnerability and have been associated with clinical and psychosocial challenges. Social media may offer innovative care delivery solutions to address these challenges. OBJECTIVE This study explored motivations and attitudes regarding current social media use and preferences for a social media platform in a sample of adolescents and young adults (AYA) with CF. METHODS A cross-sectional survey was administered to 50 AYA with CF followed at a large pediatric-adult CF center. The survey included questions regarding social media platform utilization, attitudes toward general and CF-specific online activities, and preferences for a CF-specific care delivery platform. RESULTS YouTube, Snapchat, and Instagram were the most commonly used social media platforms. AYA with CF do not report routinely using social media for health-related information acquisition, social support, or help with adherence. However, their perceptions of social media utilization and preferences for platform development suggest interest in doing so in the future. CONCLUSIONS AYA with CF use social media and expressed interest in the development of a social media platform. Platform development will allow for gaps in health care delivery to be addressed by improving social support and adherence while augmenting current methods of health information acquisition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan C Perkins
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Rachel Gross
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Kayla Regan
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Lara Bishay
- Division of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Children's Hospital of Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Gregory S Sawicki
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
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17
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Rick JW, Thompson AM, Fernandez JM, Maarouf M, Seivright JR, Hsiao JL, Shi VY. Misdiagnoses and barriers to care in hidradenitis suppurativa: A patient survey. Australas J Dermatol 2021; 62:e592-e594. [PMID: 34314017 DOI: 10.1111/ajd.13672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan W Rick
- Department of Dermatology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | | | | | - Melody Maarouf
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Justine R Seivright
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jennifer L Hsiao
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Vivian Y Shi
- Department of Dermatology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
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18
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Listening to the voices of adolescents for the design of strategies to promote healthy eating: an exploratory study in a Latin American country. Public Health Nutr 2021; 24:5953-5962. [PMID: 34105451 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980021002548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore adolescents' views about the foods they consume and to identify their ideas about strategies to encourage healthier eating habits. DESIGN Individual questionnaires based on open-ended questions and group discussions (6-8 participants) were used to address the objectives. Data were analysed using content analysis based on deductive-inductive coding. SETTING Montevideo and its metropolitan area (Uruguay, Latin America). PARTICIPANTS Totally, 102 adolescents (aged between 11 and 15 years, 52 % female) recruited at two educational institutions. RESULTS Adolescents reported frequently consuming ultra-processed products and fast food although they were perceived as bad for their health, whereas they reported an infrequent consumption of fruits and vegetables. Multifaceted strategies to promote healthy eating habits emerged from adolescents' accounts, including public awareness campaigns, nutrition education programmes, nutrition label standards and regulations, and changes in food availability and affordability. CONCLUSIONS Results from the present work suggest that co-creation with adolescents may be an effective way to inform the development of strategies to promote healthier eating habits. The strategies suggested by adolescents were mainly focused on behaviour change communication, who emphasised the importance of social media and the involvement of celebrities and influencers. The need for educational and communication strategies to raise awareness of the social and environmental drivers of eating patterns among adolescents was identified.
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19
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What Racism Has to Do with It: Understanding and Reducing Sexually Transmitted Diseases in Youth of Color. Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 9:healthcare9060673. [PMID: 34199974 PMCID: PMC8227416 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9060673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are high in populations of color compared to Whites. High-risk sexual behaviors are widely viewed as the key contributors to the levels of STDs, especially in adolescents and young adults. This article situates the sexual risk behaviors of Black, Indigenous, and other young people of color within the framework of racism. It begins with an overview of racial inequities in common STDs and shows how racism gives rise to several risk factors for high-risk sexual behaviors. These risk factors for STDs identified in prior research are best understood as adaptations to the challenges and constraints faced by youth in socially disadvantaged environments. Both social adversity and the mental health problems that it triggers can lead to risky sexual behaviors. Drawing on findings from prior research with youth of color, this paper describes the needed interventions that can markedly reduce STDs and their risk factors. It also describes needed research on interventions that could contribute to the knowledge and understanding of the adverse conditions fueled by racism that affect youth of color, their health, and their communities.
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20
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Chung A, Vieira D, Donley T, Tan N, Jean-Louis G, Kiely Gouley K, Seixas A. Adolescent Peer Influence on Eating Behaviors via Social Media: Scoping Review. J Med Internet Res 2021; 23:e19697. [PMID: 34081018 PMCID: PMC8212626 DOI: 10.2196/19697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The influence of social media among adolescent peer groups can be a powerful change agent. OBJECTIVE Our scoping review aimed to elucidate the ways in which social media use among adolescent peers influences eating behaviors. METHODS A scoping review of the literature of articles published from journal inception to 2019 was performed by searching PubMed (ie, MEDLINE), Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and other databases. The review was conducted in three steps: (1) identification of the research question and clarification of criteria using the population, intervention, comparison, and outcome (PICO) framework; (2) selection of articles from the literature using the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines; and (3) charting and summarizing information from selected articles. PubMed's Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) and Embase's Emtree subject headings were reviewed along with specific keywords to construct a comprehensive search strategy. Subject headings and keywords were based on adolescent age groups, social media platforms, and eating behaviors. After screening 1387 peer-reviewed articles, 37 articles were assessed for eligibility. Participant age, gender, study location, social media channels utilized, user volume, and content themes related to findings were extracted from the articles. RESULTS Six articles met the final inclusion criteria. A final sample size of 1225 adolescents (aged 10 to 19 years) from the United States, the United Kingdom, Sweden, Norway, Denmark, Portugal, Brazil, and Australia were included in controlled and qualitative studies. Instagram and Facebook were among the most popular social media platforms that influenced healthful eating behaviors (ie, fruit and vegetable intake) as well as unhealthful eating behaviors related to fast food advertising. Online forums served as accessible channels for eating disorder relapse prevention among youth. Social media influence converged around four central themes: (1) visual appeal, (2) content dissemination, (3) socialized digital connections, and (4) adolescent marketer influencers. CONCLUSIONS Adolescent peer influence in social media environments spans the spectrum of healthy eating (ie, pathological) to eating disorders (ie, nonpathological). Strategic network-driven approaches should be considered for engaging adolescents in the promotion of positive dietary behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Chung
- Center for Early Childhood Health and Development, Department of Population Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Dorice Vieira
- NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Tiffany Donley
- NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Nicholas Tan
- SUNY Downstate College of Medicine, Brooklyn, NY, United States
| | | | - Kathleen Kiely Gouley
- Center for Early Childhood Health and Development, Department of Population Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Azizi Seixas
- NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
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21
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Ruan S, Raeside R, Singleton A, Redfern J, Partridge SR. Limited Engaging and Interactive Online Health Information for Adolescents: A Systematic Review of Australian Websites. HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2021; 36:764-773. [PMID: 31964190 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2020.1712522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Adolescents need access to interactive and high-quality online health information about strategies to reduce their risk for non-communicable diseases (NCDs). This study aimed to evaluate the quality, readability and interactivity of webpages with adolescent-specific information on NCD risk factors. Included web pages were: (i) Australian-based; (ii) authored by government bodies or public health organizations; (iii) contained information relevant to NCD risk factors; and (iv) contained adolescent-specific information. In total, 69 web pages were included for evaluation (smoking, n = 6; nutrition, n = 22; alcohol, n = 15; physical activity n = 11; mental health, n = 6; health and obesity, n = 9). Content quality score (modified DISCERN tool) ±standard deviation ranged from fair (49.6 ± 13.6 for nutrition) to good quality (58.4 ± 11.0 for alcohol). Mean readability score (Flesch-Kincaid tool) found most webpages were difficult to read (49.6 ± 14.9, University student level). Adolescent-directed websites were written in plain English (62 ± 7.5, understood by 13-15-year-olds). Mean interactivity score indicated web pages were fairly interactive (13 ± 2.0). The study found very few webpages were written specifically for adolescents and no webpages were of excellent quality, highly interactive and written in plain English. Given the plethora of online health information from non-credible sources, we recommend public health organizations invest in co-designing excellent-quality and interactive online health information with adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella Ruan
- Nutrition and Dietetics Group, School of Life and Environmental Science, The University of Sydney
- Westmead Applied Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney
| | - Rebecca Raeside
- Westmead Applied Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney
| | - Anna Singleton
- Westmead Applied Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney
| | - Julie Redfern
- Westmead Applied Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales
| | - Stephanie R Partridge
- Westmead Applied Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney
- Prevention Research Collaboration, Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney
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22
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Poli S, Rimondini M, Gajofatto A, Mazzi MA, Busch IM, Gobbin F, Schena F, Del Piccolo L, Donisi V. "If You Can't Control the Wind, Adjust Your Sail": Tips for Post-Pandemic Benefit Finding from Young Adults Living with Multiple Sclerosis. A Qualitative Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18084156. [PMID: 33919974 PMCID: PMC8070973 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18084156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 outbreak has impacted the wellbeing of people worldwide, potentially increasing maladaptive psychological responses of vulnerable populations. Although young adults with multiple sclerosis (yawMS) might be at greater risk of developing psychological distress linked to the pandemic, they might also be able to adapt to stress and find meaning in adverse life events. The aim of the present study was to explore benefit finding in response to the pandemic in a sample of yawMS. As part of a larger project, data were collected using a cross-sectional, web-based survey. Benefit finding was analysed using a qualitative thematic approach; descriptive and inferential statistics were performed to describe the sample and compare sub-groups. Out of 247 respondents with mostly relapsing-remitting MS, 199 (31.9 ± 6.97 years) reported at least one benefit. Qualitative analysis showed that during the pandemic yawMS found benefits related to three themes: personal growth, relational growth, and existential growth. No differences in benefit finding were found between age sub-groups (18–30 vs. 31–45). Participants reported a wide range of benefits, some of which seem to be specific to MS or the pandemic. Results have been transformed into tips to be introduced in clinical practice to promote resilience in yawMS through meaning making.
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Park E, Kwon M. Testing the Digital Health Literacy Instrument for Adolescents: Cognitive Interviews. J Med Internet Res 2021; 23:e17856. [PMID: 33720031 PMCID: PMC8074835 DOI: 10.2196/17856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Despite the increasing number of youth seeking health information on the internet, few studies have been conducted to measure digital health literacy in this population. The digital health literacy instrument (DHLI) is defined as a scale that measures the ability to operate digital devices and read and write in web-based modes, and it assesses seven subconstructs: operational skills, navigation skills, information searching, evaluating reliability, determining relevance, adding self-generated content to a web-based app, and protecting privacy. Currently, there is no validation process of this instrument among adolescents. Objective This study aims to explore the usability and content validity of DHLI. Methods Upon the approval of institutional review board protocol, cognitive interviews were conducted. A total of 34 adolescents aged 10-18 years (n=17, 50% female) participated in individual cognitive interviews. Two rounds of concurrent cognitive interviews were conducted to assess the content validity of DHLI using the thinking aloud method and probing questions. Results Clarity related to unclear wording, undefined technical terms, vague terms, and difficult vocabularies was a major issue identified. Problems related to potentially inappropriate assumptions were also identified. In addition, concerns related to recall bias and socially sensitive phenomena were raised. No issues regarding response options or instrument instructions were noted. Conclusions The initial round of interviews provided a potential resolution to the problems identified with comprehension and communication, whereas the second round prompted improvement in content validity. Dual rounds of cognitive interviews provided substantial insights into survey interpretation when introduced to US adolescents. This study examined the validity of the DHLI and suggests revision points for assessing adolescent digital health literacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunhee Park
- School of Nursing, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Misol Kwon
- School of Nursing, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
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Sarker A, DeRoos A, Perrone J. Mining social media for prescription medication abuse monitoring: a review and proposal for a data-centric framework. J Am Med Inform Assoc 2021; 27:315-329. [PMID: 31584645 PMCID: PMC7025330 DOI: 10.1093/jamia/ocz162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Prescription medication (PM) misuse and abuse is a major health problem globally, and a number of recent studies have focused on exploring social media as a resource for monitoring nonmedical PM use. Our objectives are to present a methodological review of social media–based PM abuse or misuse monitoring studies, and to propose a potential generalizable, data-centric processing pipeline for the curation of data from this resource. Materials and Methods We identified studies involving social media, PMs, and misuse or abuse (inclusion criteria) from Medline, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. We categorized studies based on multiple characteristics including but not limited to data size; social media source(s); medications studied; and primary objectives, methods, and findings. Results A total of 39 studies met our inclusion criteria, with 31 (∼79.5%) published since 2015. Twitter has been the most popular resource, with Reddit and Instagram gaining popularity recently. Early studies focused mostly on manual, qualitative analyses, with a growing trend toward the use of data-centric methods involving natural language processing and machine learning. Discussion There is a paucity of standardized, data-centric frameworks for curating social media data for task-specific analyses and near real-time surveillance of nonmedical PM use. Many existing studies do not quantify human agreements for manual annotation tasks or take into account the presence of noise in data. Conclusion The development of reproducible and standardized data-centric frameworks that build on the current state-of-the-art methods in data and text mining may enable effective utilization of social media data for understanding and monitoring nonmedical PM use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abeed Sarker
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Annika DeRoos
- College of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jeanmarie Perrone
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Donisi V, Gajofatto A, Mazzi MA, Gobbin F, Busch IM, Ghellere A, Klonova A, Rudi D, Vitali F, Schena F, Del Piccolo L, Rimondini M. A Bio-Psycho-Social Co-created Intervention for Young Adults With Multiple Sclerosis (ESPRIMO): Rationale and Study Protocol for a Feasibility Study. Front Psychol 2021; 12:598726. [PMID: 33708157 PMCID: PMC7940381 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.598726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple sclerosis (MS), the most common neurological disease that causes disability in youth, does not only affect physical functions but is also associated with cognitive impairment, fatigue, depression, and anxiety and can significantly impact health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Since MS is generally diagnosed at a young age-a period of great significance for personal, relational, and professional development-adaptation can become highly challenging. Therefore, enhancing the competence of young people to adaptively cope with these potential challenges is of utmost importance in order to promote their potentialities and talents. It has been shown that psychological interventions targeting MS patients can enhance resilience and HRQoL and that regular physical activity (PA) and social engagement can improve psychological well-being. However, literature on the development of global interventions based on the bio-psycho-social model of the disease is missing. Even less attention has been paid to interventions dedicated to young adults with MS (YawMS) and to the involvement of patients in the development of such programs. AIMS In collaboration with MS patients, this study aims to develop a bio-psycho-social intervention (ESPRIMO) for YawMS, aiming to improve their HRQoL and to explore its feasibility, acceptability, and effects. METHODS To tailor the intervention to the specific needs of YawMS, "patient engagement principles" will be adopted in the co-creation phase, performing a web survey and focus groups with patients and healthcare professionals. In the intervention phase, a pilot sample of 60 young adults with MS will be enrolled. The co-created intervention, composed of group sessions over a 12-week period, will cover psycho-social strategies and include physical activities. Adopting a longitudinal, pre-post evaluation design, self-report questionnaires measuring HRQoL and other bio-psycho-social features (e.g., resilience, well-being, mindfulness traits, self-efficacy, perceived social support, psychological symptoms, illness perception, committed action, fatigue, attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, motivation, perception of autonomy support for PA, barriers and intentions to PA) will be administered, the quantity and quality of PA will be measured, and a questionnaire developed by the authors will be used to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of the ESPRIMO intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Donisi
- Section of Clinical Psychology, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Alberto Gajofatto
- Section of Neurology, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Maria Angela Mazzi
- Section of Clinical Psychology, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Francesca Gobbin
- Section of Neurology, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Isolde Martina Busch
- Section of Clinical Psychology, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Annamaria Ghellere
- Section of Clinical Psychology, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Alina Klonova
- Section of Movement Sciences, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
- Latvian Academy of Sport Education, Riga, Latvia
| | - Doriana Rudi
- Section of Movement Sciences, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Francesca Vitali
- Section of Movement Sciences, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Federico Schena
- Section of Movement Sciences, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Lidia Del Piccolo
- Section of Clinical Psychology, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Michela Rimondini
- Section of Clinical Psychology, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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Development and Pretesting of Hookah Tobacco Public Education Messages for Young Adults. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17238752. [PMID: 33255675 PMCID: PMC7728075 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17238752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Young adults’ hookah tobacco use is fueled by misperceptions about risks, appealing flavors, and social use. We developed and pretested public education messages to prevent and reduce hookah tobacco smoking among young adults. We used a two (user status: current hookah user, susceptible never user) by two (risk content: health harms or addiction) by three (message theme: harms/addiction risk alone, harms/addiction risk flavors, or harms/addiction risk social use) design with two messages/condition (n = 12 total messages). Young adults aged 18–30 (N = 713) were randomized to 1 of 12 messages and completed measures assessing message receptivity, attitudes, and negative emotional response. Harms messages were associated with greater receptivity (p < 0.001), positive attitudes (p < 0.001), and negative emotional response (p < 0.001) than addiction messages. Messages with harm or addiction content alone were associated with greater receptivity than social use-themed messages (p = 0.058). Flavor-themed messages did not differ in receptivity from harm or addiction content alone or social use-themed messages. Messages about the health harms of hookah tobacco use resonate more with young adults than addiction risk messages. Social use-themed messages produce the lowest receptivity. These findings can guide population-based approaches to communicate hookah tobacco risks to young adults.
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Moorman EL, Warnick JL, Acharya R, Janicke DM. The use of internet sources for nutritional information is linked to weight perception and disordered eating in young adolescents. Appetite 2020; 154:104782. [PMID: 32544467 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2020.104782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The internet serves as an accessible and confidential resource for young adolescents seeking nutritional information. However, the quality of information retrieved online is mixed and could have serious implications for users. Young adolescents who perceive themselves as overweight may be disproportionately affected as they are at greater risk for disordered eating. The current study aimed to (1) assess whether the frequency of use of different internet sources to obtain nutritional information differs between healthy weight young adolescents and those with overweight/obesity based on both objective and perceived weight status and (2) evaluate the relationships between different internet sources utilized for nutritional information and disordered eating. Young adolescents (n = 167; 10-15 years) completed the Children's Eating Attitudes Test (ChEAT; total disordered eating), indicated their perceived weight status, and reported how often they obtained nutritional information from the following internet sources: professional websites, personal websites, social media, commercial weight loss websites, and forums. Objective height and weight measurements were obtained. Young adolescents that perceived themselves to be a little overweight or overweight reported greater use of personal websites (p = .012), commercial weight loss websites (p = .011), and social media (p = .019) for nutritional information than those that did not perceive themselves to be a little overweight or overweight. The frequency of use of internet sources for nutritional information did not differ based on objective weight status. Greater use of each of the internet sources for nutritional information was related to greater disordered eating (p's < 0.05). While longitudinal research is needed to further examine these relationships, healthcare providers and teachers should provide young adolescents with guidance for interpreting and using online nutritional information to encourage valid and reliable health recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin L Moorman
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, United States.
| | - Jennifer L Warnick
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, United States
| | - Ratna Acharya
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida, United States
| | - David M Janicke
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, United States
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Gooding HC, Gidding SS, Moran AE, Redmond N, Allen NB, Bacha F, Burns TL, Catov JM, Grandner MA, Harris KM, Johnson HM, Kiernan M, Lewis TT, Matthews KA, Monaghan M, Robinson JG, Tate D, Bibbins-Domingo K, Spring B. Challenges and Opportunities for the Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease Among Young Adults: Report From a National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Working Group. J Am Heart Assoc 2020; 9:e016115. [PMID: 32993438 PMCID: PMC7792379 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.120.016115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Improvements in cardiovascular disease (CVD) rates among young adults in the past 2 decades have been offset by increasing racial/ethnic and gender disparities, persistence of unhealthy lifestyle habits, overweight and obesity, and other CVD risk factors. To enhance the promotion of cardiovascular health among young adults 18 to 39 years old, the medical and broader public health community must understand the biological, interpersonal, and behavioral features of this life stage. Therefore, the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, with support from the Office of Behavioral and Social Science Research, convened a 2-day workshop in Bethesda, Maryland, in September 2017 to identify research challenges and opportunities related to the cardiovascular health of young adults. The current generation of young adults live in an environment undergoing substantial economic, social, and technological transformations, differentiating them from prior research cohorts of young adults. Although the accumulation of clinical and behavioral risk factors for CVD begins early in life, and research suggests early risk is an important determinant of future events, few trials have studied prevention and treatment of CVD in participants <40 years old. Building an evidence base for CVD prevention in this population will require the engagement of young adults, who are often disconnected from the healthcare system and may not prioritize long-term health. These changes demand a repositioning of existing evidence-based treatments to accommodate new sociotechnical contexts. In this article, the authors review the recent literature and current research opportunities to advance the cardiovascular health of today's young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly C Gooding
- Division of General Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine Emory UniversityChildren's Healthcare of Atlanta Atlanta GA
| | | | - Andrew E Moran
- Division of General Medicine Columbia University New York NY
| | | | - Norrina B Allen
- Department of Preventive Medicine Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine Chicago IL
| | - Fida Bacha
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes Texas Children's HospitalBaylor College of Medicine Houston TX
| | - Trudy L Burns
- Department of Epidemiology University of Iowa Iowa City IA
| | - Janet M Catov
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences Department of Epidemiology University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA
| | | | | | - Heather M Johnson
- Blechman Center for Specialty Care and Preventive Cardiology Boca Raton Regional Hospital/Baptist Health South Florida Boca Raton FL
| | - Michaela Kiernan
- Department of Medicine Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford CA
| | - Tené T Lewis
- Department of Epidemiology Emory University, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta Atlanta GA
| | | | - Maureen Monaghan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Department of Pediatrics Children's National Health System George Washington University School of Medicine Washington DC
| | | | - Deborah Tate
- Department of Sociology University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill NC
| | - Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics University of California San Francisco San Francisco CA
| | - Bonnie Spring
- Department of Preventive Medicine Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine Chicago IL
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Teadt S, Burns JC, Montgomery TM, Darbes L. African American Adolescents and Young Adults, New Media, and Sexual Health: Scoping Review. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2020; 8:e19459. [PMID: 33016890 PMCID: PMC7573696 DOI: 10.2196/19459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Rates of sexually transmitted infections and unintended pregnancies are disproportionately high among African American adolescents and young adults (AYA). New media platforms such as social networking sites, microblogs, online video sites, and mobile phone applications may be a promising approach in promoting safe sex and preventing sexually transmitted infections. Objective The purpose of this scoping review was to address promising approaches in new media that may serve as valuable tools in health promotion, prevention, education, and intervention development aimed at African American AYA. Methods An electronic search was conducted using Google Scholar, Scopus, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health (CINHAL), and PubMed online databases. Concept blocks and MeSH terminology were used to identify articles around African American youth and new media. Results The search yielded 1169 articles, and 16 publications met the criteria. Studies from the review found themes in new media that included feasibility, changing attitudes, and improving knowledge related to sexual health behavior among youth of color. Conclusions New media is a promising and feasible platform for improving the sexual health of African American AYA. Further research is suggested to better understand the benefits of new media as a sexual health promotion tool among this specific population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sierra Teadt
- School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Jade C Burns
- Department of Health Behavior and Biological Sciences, School of Nursing, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Tiffany M Montgomery
- College of Nursing & Health Professions, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Lynae Darbes
- Department of Health Behavior and Biological Sciences, School of Nursing, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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Burns J, Johnstone K, Chavanduka T, Jamison C, Pena V, Stephenson R, Darbes L. Evaluation of the Sexual Health Behaviors of Black Male Adolescents and Young Adults Through Social Media Platforms: Web-Based Survey Study. JMIR Public Health Surveill 2020; 6:e19219. [PMID: 32693387 PMCID: PMC7539156 DOI: 10.2196/19219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Social media platforms such as Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter, which have millions of users who interact and communicate every day, have been effective in promoting sexual health interventions and in disseminating reproductive health education. They have also been shown to be useful in health promotion and have been used to track several key metrics (eg, comments, posts) among users of all demographics. However, there is a lack of research on the impact and reach of these social media platforms as a community-based tool for disseminating sexual health information and for increasing engagement among Black adolescents and young adults, which is a targeted high-risk population. Objective The purpose of this study was to determine the social media platforms and banner advertisements that affected engagement among Black male adolescents and young adults in participating in web-based health surveys. Methods A web-based survey was conducted from March 2019 to July 2019 to assess sexual health and health behaviors in a convenience sample of Black male adolescents and young adults in the age range of 18-24 years (N=170). Social media metrics from Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter were monitored. This cross-sectional survey comprised several categories, including basic personal information, drug-related risk behaviors, health care, sexual reproductive health questions, attitudes, norms, and perceived control, mental health, violence-related risk behaviors, and social media preferences. Results Social media advertisements on the Black Male Opinion survey reached approximately 146,412 individuals. Our primary finding of the web-based survey engagement was that referral (eg, group chat, indirect social media sharing) led to as the greatest proportion of recruitment, with Twitter and YouTube as the preferred sites to receive sexual health information. Conclusions Recognizing the variety of technologies being used among Black male young adults and adolescents can help the community, researchers, and health care providers understand the web-based engagement of this high-risk population. This information may also promote culturally sensitive, customized marketing on sexual health information for this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jade Burns
- Department of Health Behavior and Biological Sciences, University of Michigan School of Nursing, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Keith Johnstone
- Ross School of Business, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Tanaka Chavanduka
- Center for Sexuality and Health Disparities, University of Michigan School of Nursing, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Cornelius Jamison
- Department of Family Medicine, Institute for Healthcare Policy & Innovation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Valery Pena
- The College of Arts and Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Rob Stephenson
- Department of Systems, Population and Leadership, Center for Sexuality and Health Disparities, University of Michigan School of Nursing, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Lynae Darbes
- Center for Sexuality and Health Disparities, University of Michigan School of Nursing, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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Ozer EM, Rowe J, Tebb KP, Berna M, Penilla C, Giovanelli A, Jasik C, Lester JC. Fostering Engagement in Health Behavior Change: Iterative Development of an Interactive Narrative Environment to Enhance Adolescent Preventive Health Services. J Adolesc Health 2020; 67:S34-S44. [PMID: 32718513 PMCID: PMC9575382 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2020.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Accidents and unintentional injuries account for the greatest number of adolescent deaths, often involving use of alcohol and other substances. This article describes the iterative design and development of Interactive Narrative System for Patient-Individualized Reflective Exploration (INSPIRE), a narrative-centered behavior change environment for adolescents focused on reducing alcohol use. INSPIRE is designed to serve as an extension to clinical preventive care, engaging adolescents in a theoretically grounded intervention for health behavior change by leveraging 3D game engine and interactive narrative technologies. METHODS Adolescents were engaged in all aspects of the iterative, multiyear development process of INSPIRE through over 20 focus groups and iterative pilot testing involving more than 145 adolescents. Qualitative findings from focus groups are reported, as well as quantitative findings from small-scale pilot sessions investigating adolescent engagement with a prototype version of INSPIRE using a combination of questionnaire and interaction trace log data. RESULTS Adolescents reported that they found INSPIRE to be engaging, believable, and relevant to their lives. The majority of participants indicated that the narrative's protagonist character was like them (84%) and that the narrative featured virtual characters that they could relate to (79%). In the interactive narrative, the goals most frequently chosen by adolescents were "stay in control" (60%) and "do not get in trouble" (55%). CONCLUSIONS With a strong theoretical framework (social-cognitive behavior change theory) and technology advances (narrative-centered learning environments), the field is well positioned to design health behavior change systems that can realize significant impacts on behavior change for adolescent preventive health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M Ozer
- Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Benioff Children's Hospital, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California; Office of Diversity & Outreach, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California.
| | - Jonathan Rowe
- Department of Computer Science, College of Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Kathleen P Tebb
- Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Benioff Children's Hospital, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Mark Berna
- Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Benioff Children's Hospital, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Carlos Penilla
- Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Benioff Children's Hospital, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Alison Giovanelli
- Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Benioff Children's Hospital, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Carolyn Jasik
- Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Benioff Children's Hospital, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - James C Lester
- Department of Computer Science, College of Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
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Wong CA, Madanay F, Ozer EM, Harris SK, Moore M, Master SO, Moreno M, Weitzman ER. Digital Health Technology to Enhance Adolescent and Young Adult Clinical Preventive Services: Affordances and Challenges. J Adolesc Health 2020; 67:S24-S33. [PMID: 32718511 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2019.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The lives of adolescents and young adults (AYAs) have become increasingly intertwined with technology. In this scoping review, studies about digital health tools are summarized in relation to five key affordances-social, cognitive, identity, emotional, and functional. Consideration of how a platform or tool exemplifies these affordances may help clinicians and researchers achieve the goal of using digital health technology to enhance clinical preventive services for AYAs. Across these five affordances, considerable research and development activity exists accompanied by signs of high promise, although the literature primarily reflects demonstration studies of acceptability or small sample experiments to discern impact. Digital health technology may afford an array of functions, yet its potential to enhance AYA clinical preventive services is met with three key challenges. The challenges discussed in this review are the disconnectedness between digital health tools and clinical care, threats to AYA privacy and security, and difficulty identifying high-value digital health products for AYA. The data presented are synthesized in calls to action for the use of digital health technology to enhance clinical preventive services and to ensure that the digital health ecosystem is relevant, effective, safe, and purposed for meeting the health needs of AYA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlene A Wong
- Division of Primary Care, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina; Duke-Robert J. Margolis, MD, Center for Health Policy, Durham, North Carolina; Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, North Carolina; Duke Sanford School of Public Policy, Durham, North Carolina.
| | - Farrah Madanay
- Duke-Robert J. Margolis, MD, Center for Health Policy, Durham, North Carolina; Duke Sanford School of Public Policy, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Elizabeth M Ozer
- Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, California; Office of Diversity and Outreach, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Sion K Harris
- Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Megan Moore
- Duke-Robert J. Margolis, MD, Center for Health Policy, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Samuel O Master
- Section of Adolescent Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York; NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York
| | - Megan Moreno
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Elissa R Weitzman
- Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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33
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Young LE, Soliz S, Xu JJ, Young SD. A review of social media analytic tools and their applications to evaluate activity and engagement in online sexual health interventions. Prev Med Rep 2020; 19:101158. [PMID: 32685364 PMCID: PMC7358714 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2020.101158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Social media analytic tools offer ways to evaluate online sex health interventions. Most tools measure reach, aggregate activity, and page- and post-level engagement. User-level activity and engagement metrics are rarely provided. Various metrics comprising composite engagement scores are difficult to discern. Most tools have limited or no capabilities in text and social network analytics.
Unprecedented public engagement with social media has provided viable and culturally relevant platforms for application in sexual health interventions, yet there are concerns that methods for evaluating engagement in these interventions have not kept pace with their implementation. More recently, the rise of social media analytics (SMA) and online marketing has spawned the development of analytic tools that boast promise for such a task. In this paper, we review a sample of the most popular of these tools, paying particular attention to: (1) the social media platforms that can be analyzed; (2) analytic capabilities; and (3) measures of engagement. We follow this with a review of sexual health intervention studies that apply these tools in evaluation efforts. Our findings suggest that these tools have numerous analytic capabilities that would be useful for evaluating interventions more efficiently. However, in nearly all cases, the tools we reviewed alone would not be sufficient to fully grasp engagement dynamics, as they need to be complemented with additional tools for textual analysis and social network analysis. Therefore, we consider this fertile ground for future collaborations between software developers and behavioral health scientists to develop more comprehensive analytic platforms with applications for public health research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay E Young
- Annenberg School for Communication and Journalism, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Stephanie Soliz
- School of Social Work, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
| | - Jackie Jingyi Xu
- Annenberg School for Communication and Journalism, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Sean D Young
- Department of Informatics, Donald Bren School of Information and Computer Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States
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Moore KL, Lopez L, Camacho D, Munson MR. A Qualitative Investigation of Engagement in Mental Health Services Among Black and Hispanic LGB Young Adults. Psychiatr Serv 2020; 71:555-561. [PMID: 31960774 PMCID: PMC7364786 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ps.201900399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Little attention has been paid to engagement in mental health services among racially and ethnically diverse youths who identify as a sexual minority, despite research indicating that they face significant mental health disparities. In this study, the authors assessed the service use experiences of black and Hispanic lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) young adults to identify factors that promoted or hindered their engagement. METHODS Semistructured interviews with 38 young adults regarding past and present experiences with mental health services were analyzed thematically for perceived challenges to and support for engagement. Participants' service use histories were reviewed for significant interruptions in services reported over the past year. RESULTS Seventeen participants (45%) reported disengagement despite continuing to need services. Factors that influenced engagement were identified across four domains: personal, social environment, accessibility, and provider characteristics. Stigma related to sexual orientation and cultural attitudes presented engagement barriers, whereas providers who were knowledgeable about sexual-minority issues were important engagement promoters. Additional barriers to engagement were ambivalence about treatment efficacy, lack of family support, and difficulty finding suitable and affordable care. Peers who identified as a sexual minority helped participants locate LGB-affirming services. Rapport with providers and health care autonomy assisted participants to manage barriers to engagement. CONCLUSIONS These findings offer insights about factors that can influence engagement with treatment among black and Hispanic LGB young adults. The findings reveal important provider competencies and can inform interventions to improve engagement and reduce mental health inequities among these youths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiara L Moore
- Silver School of Social Work, New York University, New York (Moore, Munson); School of Medicine, City University of New York, New York (Lopez); Columbia University School of Social Work, New York (Camacho)
| | - Lucy Lopez
- Silver School of Social Work, New York University, New York (Moore, Munson); School of Medicine, City University of New York, New York (Lopez); Columbia University School of Social Work, New York (Camacho)
| | - David Camacho
- Silver School of Social Work, New York University, New York (Moore, Munson); School of Medicine, City University of New York, New York (Lopez); Columbia University School of Social Work, New York (Camacho)
| | - Michelle R Munson
- Silver School of Social Work, New York University, New York (Moore, Munson); School of Medicine, City University of New York, New York (Lopez); Columbia University School of Social Work, New York (Camacho)
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Agu IC, Mbachu CO, Okeke C, Eze I, Agu C, Ezenwaka U, Ezumah N, Onwujekwe O. Misconceptions about transmission, symptoms and prevention of HIV/AIDS among adolescents in Ebonyi state, South-east Nigeria. BMC Res Notes 2020; 13:244. [PMID: 32410689 PMCID: PMC7227299 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-020-05086-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Nigeria has the second largest number of adolescents and young people living with HIV/AIDS in the world. Misconceptions about HIV/AIDS contribute to spread of HIV, and constrain uptake of preventive services. This paper explored misconceptions about HIV/AIDS among adolescents in south-east Nigeria. A qualitative study was conducted in six urban and rural local government areas of Ebonyi state. Data were collected through twelve focus group discussions (FGD) with unmarried adolescents aged 13–18 who were either attending school or out-of-school. The FGDs were conducted using a pre-tested topic guide. Data were coded manually and analyzed using a thematic framework approach. Results There are persistent misconceptions about transmission of HIV/AIDS through mosquito bites and sharing of personal belongings. Some adolescents had inaccurate notions that a HIV infected person could be identified through changes in physical features such as abdominal swelling and longer fingernails. A few of them also reported that HIV could be treated with antibiotics. These misconceptions were expressed by both male and female adolescents. Adolescents have some mistaken beliefs about HIV/AIDS which constrain them from taking necessary preventive measures. Hence, the need to target adolescents with health education interventions on HIV/AIDS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chinyere Ojiugo Mbachu
- Health Policy Research Group, University of Nigeria, Enugu, Nigeria.,Department of Community Medicine, University of Nigeria, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - Chinyere Okeke
- Health Policy Research Group, University of Nigeria, Enugu, Nigeria.,Department of Community Medicine, University of Nigeria, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - Irene Eze
- Health Policy Research Group, University of Nigeria, Enugu, Nigeria.,Department of Community Medicine, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria
| | - Chibuike Agu
- Health Policy Research Group, University of Nigeria, Enugu, Nigeria.,Department of Community Medicine, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria
| | - Uchenna Ezenwaka
- Health Policy Research Group, University of Nigeria, Enugu, Nigeria.,Department of Health Administration and Management, University of Nigeria, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - Nkoli Ezumah
- Health Policy Research Group, University of Nigeria, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - Obinna Onwujekwe
- Health Policy Research Group, University of Nigeria, Enugu, Nigeria.,Department of Health Administration and Management, University of Nigeria, Enugu, Nigeria
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Park E, Chang YP. Using Digital Media to Empower Adolescents in Smoking Prevention: Mixed Methods Study. JMIR Pediatr Parent 2020; 3:e13031. [PMID: 32229463 PMCID: PMC7157503 DOI: 10.2196/13031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a critical need for effective health education methods for adolescent smoking prevention. The coproduction of antismoking videos shows promising results for adolescent health education. OBJECTIVE This study explored the feasibility of a smoking prevention program using the coproduction of antismoking videos in order to empower adolescents in smoking prevention and tobacco control. A smoking prevention program based on coproduction of antismoking videos over eight sessions was implemented in a low-income neighborhood. METHODS A mixed methods design with a concurrent embedded approach was used. In total, 23 adolescents participated in the program. During the prevention program, small groups of participants used video cameras and laptops to produce video clips containing antismoking messages. Quantitative data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test to examine changes in participants' psychological empowerment levels between pre- and postintervention; qualitative interview data were analyzed using content analysis. RESULTS Pre- and postcomparison data revealed that participants' psychological empowerment levels were significantly enhanced for all three domains-intrapersonal, interactional, and behavioral-of psychological empowerment (P<.05). Interviews confirmed that the coproduction of antismoking videos is feasible in empowering participants, by supporting nonsmoking behaviors and providing them with an opportunity to help build a smoke-free community. CONCLUSIONS Both quantitative and qualitative data supported the feasibility of the coproduction of antismoking videos in empowering adolescents in smoking prevention. Coproduction of antismoking videos with adolescents was a beneficial health education method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunhee Park
- University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
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Sharif Ishak SIZ, Chin YS, Mohd Taib MN, Chan YM, Mohd Shariff Z. Effectiveness of a school-based intervention on knowledge, attitude and practice on healthy lifestyle and body composition in Malaysian adolescents. BMC Pediatr 2020; 20:122. [PMID: 32171276 PMCID: PMC7071695 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-020-02023-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The ‘Eat Right, Be Positive About Your Body and Live Actively’ (EPaL) intervention programme was developed to prevent overweight and disordered eating in Malaysian adolescents. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the EPaL programme on knowledge, attitudes and practices on healthy lifestyle and body composition (body mass index z-score [zBMI], waist circumference [WC] and body fat percentage [BF%]) among adolescents. Methods All measures were taken at three time points: before intervention (Pre), after intervention (Post I) and 3 months after intervention (Post II). The intervention group (IG) participated in the EPaL programme for 16 weeks, whereas the comparison group (CG) received no intervention. Seventy-six adolescents (IG: n = 34; CG: n = 42) aged 13–14 years were included in the final analysis. Repeated measures analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used to assess the impact of the EPaL intervention programme on the measures between groups (IG and CG) at Post I and Post II. Results The IG reported significantly higher knowledge scores at both Post I (adjusted mean difference = 3.34; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.99, 5.69; p = 0.006) and Post II (adjusted mean difference = 2.82; 95% CI = 0.86, 4.78; p = 0.005) compared with the CG. No significant differences between the IG and CG were found at either Post I or Post II in attitudes, practices, zBMI, WC and BF%. The proportion of participants who were overweight or obese was consistent from Pre to Post II in the IG (35.3%) and increased from 26.2% at Pre to 28.5% at Post II in the CG, but the difference was not statistically significant. The proportion of participants who had abdominal obesity in the IG decreased from 17.6% at Pre to 14.7% at Post II and increased from 16.7% at Pre to 21.4% at Post II in the CG, but the differences were not statistically significant. Conclusion Despite no significant reduction of body composition, this programme shows the positive effect on the adolescents’ knowledge regarding healthy lifestyle. This study contributes to the evidence on the effectiveness of school-based health interventions in Malaysian adolescents. Trial registration UMIN Clinical Trial Registration UMIN000024349. Registered 11 October 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharifah Intan Zainun Sharif Ishak
- Department of Healthcare Professional, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Management and Science University, 40100, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia.,Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yit Siew Chin
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. .,Research Centre of Excellence for Nutrition and Non-Communicable Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Mohd Nasir Mohd Taib
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yoke Mun Chan
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.,Research Centre of Excellence for Nutrition and Non-Communicable Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Zalilah Mohd Shariff
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Hassan S, Masoud O. Online health information seeking and health literacy among non-medical college students: gender differences. J Public Health (Oxf) 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10389-020-01243-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Wright R, Ferguson C, Bodrick M, Balkhy H, Jackson D, Davidson PM. Social media and drug resistance in nursing training: Using a Twitterchat to develop an international community of practice for antimicrobial resistance. J Clin Nurs 2020; 29:2723-2729. [PMID: 31944460 DOI: 10.1111/jocn.15185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES To assess the impact of a Twitterchat focusing on antimicrobial resistance and it is feasibility for integration within a nursing prelicensure research methods class. BACKGROUND Antimicrobial resistance is one of the greatest threats to global health and food security. Consequently, developing a global approach with large outreach is critical. Twitter, as a popular social media platform, is useful for creating communities of practice and communities of interest. DESIGN A case study design using a Twitterchat is a hosted, convened and focussed discussion on a particular topic using a discrete hashtag. METHOD Using a standardised protocol, a Twitterchat was undertaken over a 24-hr period and digital metrics assessed at 72 hr. A summary of impact was undertaken using an online tool provided by Union Metrics (https://unionmetrics.com/). CONCLUSIONS At 72 hr, 2,632,762 accounts were reached and over 10 million impressions achieved. Twitterchats can be useful in creating awareness and fostering a community of interest and demonstrating the role of nurses in thought leadership. A formalised research study will draw on this case study to evaluate the impact on the Twitter participants and nursing students. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE Social media are an accessible and useful tool to harness focus and attention on clinical issues with global relevance. Demonstrating the utility and leverage to nursing students is important in increasing their understanding of the importance of communication and diffusion of information.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Caleb Ferguson
- Western Sydney Nursing & Midwifery Research Centre, Western Sydney University & Western Sydney Local Health District, Blacktown, NSW, Australia
| | - Mustafa Bodrick
- Saudi Commission for Health Specialties, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanan Balkhy
- King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Debra Jackson
- Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney (UTS), Ultimo, NSW, Australia
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Donisi V, Gajofatto A, Mazzi MA, Gobbin F, Busch IM, Ghellere A, Rimondini M. Insights for Fostering Resilience in Young Adults With Multiple Sclerosis in the Aftermath of the COVID-19 Emergency: An Italian Survey. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:588275. [PMID: 33692703 PMCID: PMC7938709 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.588275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Recent evidence has demonstrated that the COVID-19 pandemic is taking a toll on the mental health of the general population. The psychological consequences might be even more severe for patients with special healthcare needs and psychological vulnerabilities due to chronic diseases, such as multiple sclerosis (MS). Thus, we aimed to explore the psychological impact of this pandemic and of the subsequent healthcare service changes on young adults with MS living in Italy and to examine their coping strategies and preferences regarding psychological support in the aftermath of the pandemic. Methods: Data were collected using a cross-sectional, web-based survey advertised on social networks. We report both quantitative (descriptive statistics, t-tests, and one-way ANOVA) and qualitative data (inductive content analysis). Results: Two hundred and forty-seven respondents (mean age 32 ± 7 years), mainly with relapsing-remitting MS, from all Italian regions participated. Participants felt more worried, confused, sad, and vulnerable because of the disease "during" the pandemic in comparison to their self-evaluation of the period "before" the COVID-19 outbreak. Similarly, their perception of control over MS decreased "during" the pandemic in comparison to the retrospective evaluation of the period "before" the COVID-19 outbreak (p < 0.01). Canceled/postponed visits/exams were listed as the most frequent MS management changes, with modified/postponed pharmacological treatment representing the most stressful change. Psychological support in dealing with pandemic-related fears and improving MS acceptance and well-being was considered extremely important by almost 40% of the respondents. Different coping strategies were mentioned in the qualitative section of the survey, with social support, hobbies, and keeping busy being the most frequent ones. Conclusions: Considering the enormous impact of the pandemic on young adults with MS, we urge MS clinical centers to implement psychological support programs that address the potentially long-lasting psychological negative impact, thus fostering the therapeutic alliance that is being threatened by the infection prevention measures imposed during the pandemic, and promoting psychological resources for adaptively managing future waves of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Donisi
- Section of Clinical Psychology, Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Alberto Gajofatto
- Section of Neurology, Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Maria Angela Mazzi
- Section of Clinical Psychology, Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Francesca Gobbin
- Section of Neurology, Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Isolde Martina Busch
- Section of Clinical Psychology, Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Annamaria Ghellere
- Section of Clinical Psychology, Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Michela Rimondini
- Section of Clinical Psychology, Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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Tang S, Patrick ME. A latent class analysis of adolescents' technology and interactive social media use: Associations with academics and substance use. HUMAN BEHAVIOR AND EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES 2020; 2:50-60. [PMID: 35528140 PMCID: PMC9075684 DOI: 10.1002/hbe2.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Latent class analysis was used to identify patterns of technology and social media use among adolescents in a national study (n = 26,348). Multinomial logistic regression was used to examine associations between latent classes and academics and substance use. Results demonstrated four classes: Infrequent Users (55%), Interactive Users (21%), Television Watchers (14%), and Constant Users (10%). Compared to Infrequent Users, Interactive, and Constant Users had lower grades and higher alcohol and marijuana use. Television Watchers had lower grades and participated in fewer extracurricular activities compared to Infrequent Users, but there were no differences on substance use. Results show that adolescents with the most media-intensive profiles were also at greater risk for poor academic outcomes and substance use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Tang
- Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Megan E. Patrick
- Institute for Translational Research in Children’s Mental Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
- Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
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Puigdomenech E, Martin A, Lang A, Adorni F, Gomez SF, McKinstry B, Prinelli F, Condon L, Rashid R, Caon M, Atkinson S, Lafortuna CL, Ciociola V, Hanley J, McCloughan L, Castell C, Espallargues M. Promoting healthy teenage behaviour across three European countries through the use of a novel smartphone technology platform, PEGASO fit for future: study protocol of a quasi-experimental, controlled, multi-Centre trial. BMC Med Inform Decis Mak 2019; 19:278. [PMID: 31847919 PMCID: PMC6918671 DOI: 10.1186/s12911-019-0958-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Behaviour change interventions targeting physical activity, diet, sleep and sedentary behaviour of teenagers show promise when delivered through smartphones. However, to date there is no evidence of effectiveness of multicomponent smartphone-based interventions. Utilising a user-centred design approach, we developed a theory-based, multi-dimensional system, PEGASO Fit For Future (PEGASO F4F), which exploits sophisticated game mechanics involving smartphone applications, a smartphone game and activity sensors to motivate teenagers to take an active role in adopting and maintaining a healthy lifestyle. This paper describes the study protocol to assess the feasibility, usability and effectiveness (knowledge/awareness and behavioural change in lifestyle) of the PEGASO system. Methods We are conducting a quasi-experimental controlled cluster trial in 4 sites in Spain, Italy, and UK (England, Scotland) over 6 months. We plan to recruit 525, in a 2:1 basis, teenagers aged 13–16 years from secondary schools. The intervention group is provided with the PEGASO system whereas the comparison group continues their usual educational routine. Outcomes include feasibility, acceptance, and usability of the PEGASO system as well as between and within group changes in motivation, self-reported diet, physical activity, sedentary and sleeping behaviour, anthropometric measures and knowledge about a healthy lifestyle. Discussion PEGASO F4F will provide evidence into the cross-cultural similarities and differences in the feasibility, acceptability and usability of a multi-dimensional smartphone based behaviour change intervention for teenagers. The study will explore facilitating factors, challenges and barriers of engaging teenagers to adapt and maintain a healthy lifestyle when using smartphone technology. Positive results from this ICT based multi component intervention may have significant implications both at clinical level, improving teenagers health and at public health level since it can present an influential tool against the development of chronic disease during adulthood. Trial registration https://clinicaltrials.gov Registration number: NCT02930148, registered 4 October 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Puigdomenech
- Agency for Health Quality and Assessment of Catalonia (AQuAS), Catalan Department of Health, Roc Boronat 81-95, 2nd floor, 08005, Barcelona, Spain. .,Health Services Research on Chronic Patients Network (REDISSEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Roc Boronat 81-95, 2nd floor, 08005, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Anne Martin
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, 200 Renfield Street, G2 3AX, Glasgow, UK
| | - Alexandra Lang
- Human Factors Research Group, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, University Park, NG7 2RD, Nottingham, UK
| | - Fulvio Adorni
- National Research Council, Institute of Biomedical Technologies, Via Fratelli Cervi, 93, 20090, Segrate (MI), Italy
| | - Santiago Felipe Gomez
- Programs Department Gasol Foundation, 26-28 Jaume I street, 08830, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain.,GREpS. Health Education Research Group,Nursing and Phisiotherapy Department, University of Lleida, 2 Montserrat Roig street, 25198, Lleida, Spain
| | - Brian McKinstry
- Usher Institute,University of Edinburgh, University of Edinburgh, NINE Edinburgh BioQuarter, 9 Little France Road, EH16 4UX, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Federica Prinelli
- National Research Council, Institute of Biomedical Technologies, Via Fratelli Cervi, 93, 20090, Segrate (MI), Italy
| | - Laura Condon
- PRISM Research Group, Division of Primary Care, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Room 1404, Tower Building, University Park, NG7 2RD, Nottingham, UK
| | - Rajeeb Rashid
- Deanery of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh BioQuarter, 47 Little France Crescent, EH16 4TJ, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Maurizio Caon
- College of Engineering & School of Management, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland (HES-SO), chemin du musée 4n, 1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Sarah Atkinson
- Human Factors Research Group, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Nottingham, University Park, NG7 2RD, Nottingham, UK
| | - Claudio L Lafortuna
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Fisiologia Clinica, Piazza Ospedale Maggiore, 3, 20162, Milano, Italy
| | - Valentina Ciociola
- National Research Council, Institute of Biomedical Technologies, Via Fratelli Cervi, 93, 20090, Segrate (MI), Italy
| | - Janet Hanley
- School of Health and Social Care, Edinburgh Napier University, Sighthill Court, EH41 3ND, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Lucy McCloughan
- Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, NINE Edinburgh BioQuarter, 9 Little France Road, EH16 4UX, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Conxa Castell
- Catalonia Public Health Agency, Catalan Department of Health, Roc Boronat 81-95, 3rd floor, 08005, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mireia Espallargues
- Agency for Health Quality and Assessment of Catalonia (AQuAS), Catalan Department of Health, Roc Boronat 81-95, 2nd floor, 08005, Barcelona, Spain.,Health Services Research on Chronic Patients Network (REDISSEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Roc Boronat 81-95, 2nd floor, 08005, Barcelona, Spain
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Magoon K, Beamish C, Dowshen N, Akers A. Insurance Plan Adherence to Mandate for Long-Acting Reversible Contraceptives in a Large Pediatric Hospital Network. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 2019; 32:612-614. [PMID: 31401256 PMCID: PMC7422932 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpag.2019.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVE Long-acting reversible contraceptives (LARCs) are the most effective form of pregnancy prevention for sexually active adolescents, yet usage rates are low. The Affordable Care Act (ACA) mandated insurers cover LARCs without cost-sharing. Compliance with this policy is not well documented. This study assessed LARC coverage by insurers in a large pediatric health system. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, AND INTERVENTIONS Between June and August 2016, LARC coverage was assessed through content reviews of insurance Web sites, formularies, and summaries of benefits for all Pennsylvania Medicaid plans and the top 20 commercial insurers for a large pediatric health system. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The primary outcome was adherence to the ACA mandate for LARC coverage without cost-sharing. RESULTS Among the 37 plans (17 public, 20 private), 21 (56.8%) were adherent and 16 (43.2%) were nonadherent. Among nonadherent plans, 3 plans covered LARC services but required cost-sharing, whereas 13 did not cover LARC services at all. There was not a statistically significant difference in LARC coverage between public and private plans. CONCLUSION Despite the landmark ACA mandate, insurance coverage of LARCs in pediatric hospitals is low for young women among private and public insurers. Insurer failure to adhere to the ACA among pediatric patients represents a barrier to LARC access for those at high risk of unintended pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie Magoon
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
| | - Claire Beamish
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Nadia Dowshen
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Aletha Akers
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Aguilar-Ye A, Reyes-Morales H, Campero L, Garnelo-Bibiano N. Frequency of ubiquitous connectivity and associated factors among Mexican adolescents. BMC Med Inform Decis Mak 2019; 19:225. [PMID: 31730489 PMCID: PMC6858699 DOI: 10.1186/s12911-019-0922-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is limited information in Mexico - a middle-income country and a digital adopter with an important demographic bonus - regarding the potential use of technology and connectivity in health promotion among adolescent population. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the proportion of adolescents connected ubiquitously; and to identify its associated factors for the further development of mobile health interventions. METHODS An online survey of adolescents from state of Morelos, Mexico, was conducted in 2016. Explored individual socio-educational and school technological infrastructure characteristics and habits of use of mobile technologies. A logistic regression model was fitted to identify variables associated with ubiquitous connectivity. RESULTS One thousand three hundred thirty-six students were included and six questionnaires (0.45%) were eliminated due to duplication of information. Fifty-four percent of participants were female, and the mean age was 16.31 ± 0.84 years. In total, 47% of students were ubiquitously connected. Associated factors to ubiquitous connectivity included better academic performance, the need to use Internet-based technologies, engaging in ludic activities on the Web and living in the state capital. CONCLUSIONS Ubiquitous connectivity it's a desirable condition for strengthening health promotion programs focused on young population. Strategies including digital technology tools with potential to increase adolescent engagement should be explored and evaluated. However, it is necessary to recognize that there are additional factors that may influence the success of health promotion interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arturo Aguilar-Ye
- Escuela de Salud Pública de Médico, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Av. Universidad 655, CP 62100, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico.
| | - Hortensia Reyes-Morales
- Centro de Investigación en Sistemas de Salud, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Av. Universidad 655, CP 62100, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Lourdes Campero
- Centro de Investigación en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública. Cuernavaca, Av. Universidad 655, CP 62100, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Nicéforo Garnelo-Bibiano
- Centro de Investigación en Evaluación y Encuestas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Av. Universidad 655, CP 62100, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
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Budenz A, Klassen A, Purtle J, Yom Tov E, Yudell M, Massey P. Mental illness and bipolar disorder on Twitter: implications for stigma and social support. J Ment Health 2019; 29:191-199. [PMID: 31694433 DOI: 10.1080/09638237.2019.1677878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Background: Mental illness (MI), and particularly, bipolar disorder (BD), are highly stigmatized. However, it is unknown if this stigma is also represented on social media.Aims: Characterize Twitter-based stigma and social support messaging ("tweets") about mental health/illness (MH)/MI and BD and determine which tweets garnered retweets.Methods: We collected tweets about MH/MI and BD during a three-month period and analyzed tweets from dates with the most tweets ("spikes"), an indicator of topic interest. A sample was manually content analyzed, and the remainder were classified using machine learning (logistic regression) by topic, stigma, and social support messaging. We compared stigma and support toward MH/MI versus BD and used logistic regression to quantify tweet features associated with retweets, to assess tweet reach.Results: Of the 1,270,902 tweets analyzed, 94.7% discussed MH/MI and 5.3% discussed BD. Spikes coincided with a celebrity's death and a MH awareness campaign. Although the sample contained more support than stigma messaging, BD tweets contained more stigma and less support than MH/MI tweets. However, stigma messaging was infrequently retweeted, and users often retweeted personal MH experiences.Conclusions: These findings demonstrate opportunities for social media advocacy to reduce stigma and increase displays of social support towards people living with BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Budenz
- Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ann Klassen
- Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jonathan Purtle
- Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Michael Yudell
- Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Philip Massey
- Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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46
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Stevens R, Bleakley A, Hennessy M, Dunaev J, Gilliard-Matthews S. #digital hood: Engagement with Risk Content on Social Media among Black and Hispanic Youth. J Urban Health 2019; 96:74-82. [PMID: 30353482 PMCID: PMC6391293 DOI: 10.1007/s11524-018-0314-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The digital neighborhood is the amalgamation of the spaces online where youth connect with others. Just as Black and Hispanic youth live in neighborhoods that influence their health, they are also influenced by online digital neighborhoods. Youth are exposed to social media content featuring substance use, sexual risk, and violence, yet little is known about the extent to which youth engage with such content. Using a modified venue sampling strategy, we administered CASI surveys to 145 Black and Hispanic youth aged 13-24 living in low-income urban neighborhoods. Across social media platforms, respondents reported high levels of exposure to sexual, alcohol, drug, and violence-related content (65-84%). Users reported lower levels of engagement with risk-related content (on an engagement continuum), ranging from passive exposure to dissemination. While negative risks may be amplified in the digital neighborhood, youth appear to strategically limit their engagement with that content. However, because risk behavior messaging is common in these digital neighborhoods, these spaces provide opportunities for health promotion interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Stevens
- University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Amy Bleakley
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Zheng S, Wang J, Sun C, Zhang X, Kahn ME. Air pollution lowers Chinese urbanites' expressed happiness on social media. Nat Hum Behav 2019; 3:237-243. [PMID: 30953012 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-018-0521-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
High levels of air pollution in China may contribute to the urban population's reported low level of happiness1-3. To test this claim, we have constructed a daily city-level expressed happiness metric based on the sentiment in the contents of 210 million geotagged tweets on the Chinese largest microblog platform Sina Weibo4-6, and studied its dynamics relative to daily local air quality index and PM2.5 concentrations (fine particulate matter with diameters equal or smaller than 2.5 μm, the most prominent air pollutant in Chinese cities). Using daily data for 144 Chinese cities in 2014, we document that, on average, a one standard deviation increase in the PM2.5 concentration (or Air Quality Index) is associated with a 0.043 (or 0.046) standard deviation decrease in the happiness index. People suffer more on weekends, holidays and days with extreme weather conditions. The expressed happiness of women and the residents of both the cleanest and dirtiest cities are more sensitive to air pollution. Social media data provides real-time feedback for China's government about rising quality of life concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Zheng
- China Future City Lab, Department of Urban Studies and Planning, and Center for Real Estate, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Jianghao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Cong Sun
- School of Urban and Regional Science, Shanghai University of Finance and Economics, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xiaonan Zhang
- Hang Lung Center for Real Estate and Department of Construction Management, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Matthew E Kahn
- Department of Economics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Arede M, Bravo-Araya M, Bouchard É, Singh Gill G, Plajer V, Shehraj A, Adam Shuaib Y. Combating Vaccine Hesitancy: Teaching the Next Generation to Navigate Through the Post Truth Era. Front Public Health 2019; 6:381. [PMID: 30693276 PMCID: PMC6339919 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2018.00381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite scientific evidence supporting the fact that vaccines are fundamental tools for preventing infectious diseases, a percentage of the population still refuses some or all of them. Vaccine hesitancy has become a widespread issue, and its complexity lies in the great variety of factors that can influence decisions about immunization, which are not just vaccine-related concerns, but also involve personal and societal levels. Our research group performed an extensive literature review to analyze: (1) different age groups, their relation to the problem and their characteristics; (2) the most important information (key messages) about immunization that could be used to counteract hesitancy; and (3) best approaches to transmit the messages to the target groups. We propose a long-term approach to overcome vaccine hesitancy that involves the education of children and adolescents on the basics about immunization and critical thinking, using different communication channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarida Arede
- Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Bravo-Araya
- School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Émilie Bouchard
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Gurlal Singh Gill
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, India
| | | | - Adiba Shehraj
- Department of Economics, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Yassir Adam Shuaib
- Dahlem Research School, Biomedical Science, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sudan University of Science and Technology, Khartoum, Sudan
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Andrade EL, Evans WD, Barrett N, Edberg MC, Cleary SD. Strategies to Increase Latino Immigrant Youth Engagement in Health Promotion Using Social Media: Mixed-Methods Study. JMIR Public Health Surveill 2018; 4:e71. [PMID: 30567689 PMCID: PMC6315276 DOI: 10.2196/publichealth.9332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Revised: 06/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Generating participant engagement in social media applications for health promotion and disease prevention efforts is vital for their effectiveness and increases the likelihood of effecting sustainable behavior change. However, there is limited evidence regarding effective strategies for engaging Latino immigrant youth using social media. As part of the Avance Center for the Advancement of Immigrant/Refugee Health in Washington, DC, USA, we implemented Adelante, a branded primary prevention program, to address risk factors for co-occurring substance use, sexual risk, and interpersonal violence among Latino immigrant adolescents aged 12 to 19 years in a Washington, DC suburb. OBJECTIVE The objectives of this study were to (1) characterize Adelante participant Facebook reach and engagement and (2) identify post content and features that resulted in greater user engagement. METHODS We established the Adelante Facebook fan page in October of 2013, and the Adelante social marketing campaign used this platform for campaign activities from September 2015 to September 2016. We used Facebook Insights metrics to examine reach and post engagement of Adelante Facebook page fans (n=743). Data consisted of Facebook fan page posts between October 1, 2013 and September 30, 2016 (n=871). We developed a 2-phased mixed-methods analytical plan and coding scheme, and explored the association between post content categories and features and a composite measure of post engagement using 1-way analysis of variance tests. P<.05 determined statistical significance. RESULTS Posts on the Adelante Facebook page had a total of 34,318 clicks, 473 comments, 9080 likes or reactions, and 617 shares. Post content categories that were statistically significantly associated with post engagement were Adelante program updates (P<.001); youth achievement showcases (P=.001); news links (P<.001); social marketing campaign posts (P<.001); and prevention topics, including substance abuse (P<.001), safe sex (P=.02), sexually transmitted disease prevention (P<.001), and violence or fighting (P=.047). Post features that were significantly associated with post engagement comprised the inclusion of photos (P<.001); Spanish (P<.001) or bilingual (P=.001) posts; and portrayal of youth of both sexes (P<.001) portrayed in groups (P<.001) that were facilitated by adults (P<.001). CONCLUSIONS Social media outreach is a promising strategy that youth programs can use to complement in-person programming for augmented engagement. The Latino immigrant youth audience in this study had a tendency toward more passive social media consumption, having implications for outreach strategies and engagement measurement in future studies. While study findings confirmed the utility of social marketing campaigns for increasing user engagement, findings also highlighted a high level of engagement among youth with posts that covered casual, day-to-day program activity participation. This finding identifies an underexplored area that should be considered for health messaging, and also supports interventions that use peer-to-peer and user-generated health promotion approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Louise Andrade
- Department of Prevention and Community Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - W Douglas Evans
- Department of Prevention and Community Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Nicole Barrett
- Department of Prevention and Community Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Mark Cameron Edberg
- Department of Prevention and Community Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Sean D Cleary
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
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Kulandaivelu Y, Lalloo C, Ward R, Zempsky WT, Kirby-Allen M, Breakey VR, Odame I, Campbell F, Amaria K, Simpson EA, Nguyen C, George T, Stinson JN. Exploring the Needs of Adolescents With Sickle Cell Disease to Inform a Digital Self-Management and Transitional Care Program: Qualitative Study. JMIR Pediatr Parent 2018; 1:e11058. [PMID: 31518307 PMCID: PMC6716437 DOI: 10.2196/11058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accessible self-management interventions are critical for adolescents with sickle cell disease to better cope with their disease, improve health outcomes and health-related quality of life, and promote successful transition to adult health care services. However, very few comprehensive self-management and transitional care programs have been developed and tested in this population. Internet and mobile phone technologies can improve accessibility and acceptability of interventions to promote disease self-management in adolescents with sickle cell disease. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to qualitatively explore the following from the perspectives of adolescents, parents, and their health care providers: (1) the impact of sickle cell disease on adolescents to identify challenges to their self-management and transitional care and (2) determine the essential components of a digital self-management and transitional care program as the first phase to inform its development. METHODS A qualitative descriptive design utilizing audio-recorded, semistructured interviews was used. Adolescents (n=19, aged 12-19 years) and parents (n=2) participated in individual interviews, and health care providers (n=17) participated in focus group discussions and were recruited from an urban tertiary care pediatric hospital. Audio-recorded data were transcribed verbatim and organized into categories inductively, reflecting emerging themes using simple content analysis. RESULTS Data were categorized into 4 major themes: (1) impact of sickle cell disease, (2) experiences and challenges of self-management, (3) recommendations for self-management and transitional care, and (4) perceptions about a digital self-management program. Themes included subcategories and the perspectives of adolescents, parents, and health care providers. Adolescents discussed more issues related to self-management, whereas health care providers and parents discussed issues related to transition to adult health services. CONCLUSIONS Adolescents, parents, and health care providers described the continued challenges youth with sickle cell disease face in terms of psychosocial impacts and stigmatization. Participants perceived a benefit to alleviating some of these challenges through a digital self-management tool. They recommended that an effective digital self-management program should provide appropriate sickle cell disease-related education; guidance on developing self-advocacy and communication skills; empower adolescents with information for planning for their future; provide options for social support; and be designed to be engaging for both adolescents and parents to use. A digital platform to deliver these elements is an accessible and acceptable way to address the self-management and transitional care needs of adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalinie Kulandaivelu
- Department of Child Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Institute of Health Policy, Management & Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Chitra Lalloo
- Department of Child Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Institute of Health Policy, Management & Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Richard Ward
- Division of Haematology, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - William T Zempsky
- Division of Pain and Palliative Medicine, Connecticut Children's Medical Center, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Hartford, CT, United States
| | - Melanie Kirby-Allen
- Departments of Haematology/Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Vicky R Breakey
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster Children's Hospital, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Isaac Odame
- Departments of Haematology/Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Fiona Campbell
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Anesthesia, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Khush Amaria
- Department of Psychology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ewurabena A Simpson
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Cynthia Nguyen
- Department of Child Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Tessy George
- Department of Child Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jennifer N Stinson
- Department of Child Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
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