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Okamura T, Tsukamoto K, Arai H, Fujioka Y, Ishigaki Y, Koba S, Ohmura H, Shoji T, Yokote K, Yoshida H, Yoshida M, Deguchi J, Dobashi K, Fujiyoshi A, Hamaguchi H, Hara M, Harada-Shiba M, Hirata T, Iida M, Ikeda Y, Ishibashi S, Kanda H, Kihara S, Kitagawa K, Kodama S, Koseki M, Maezawa Y, Masuda D, Miida T, Miyamoto Y, Nishimura R, Node K, Noguchi M, Ohishi M, Saito I, Sawada S, Sone H, Takemoto M, Wakatsuki A, Yanai H. Japan Atherosclerosis Society (JAS) Guidelines for Prevention of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Diseases 2022. J Atheroscler Thromb 2024; 31:641-853. [PMID: 38123343 DOI: 10.5551/jat.gl2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tomonori Okamura
- Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Keio University School of Medicine
| | | | | | - Yoshio Fujioka
- Faculty of Nutrition, Division of Clinical Nutrition, Kobe Gakuin University
| | - Yasushi Ishigaki
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Iwate Medical University
| | - Shinji Koba
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine
| | - Hirotoshi Ohmura
- Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Tetsuo Shoji
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate school of Medicine
| | - Koutaro Yokote
- Department of Endocrinology, Hematology and Gerontology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Hiroshi Yoshida
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Jikei University Kashiwa Hospital
| | | | - Juno Deguchi
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University
| | - Kazushige Dobashi
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi
| | | | | | - Masumi Hara
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mizonokuchi Hospital, Teikyo University School of Medicine
| | - Mariko Harada-Shiba
- Cardiovascular Center, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University
- Department of Molecular Pathogenesis, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute
| | - Takumi Hirata
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Science, Nara Medical University
| | - Mami Iida
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Gifu Prefectural General Medical Center
| | - Yoshiyuki Ikeda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Hypertension, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University
| | - Shun Ishibashi
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Jichi Medical University, School of Medicine
- Current affiliation: Ishibashi Diabetes and Endocrine Clinic
| | - Hideyuki Kanda
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University
| | - Shinji Kihara
- Medical Laboratory Science and Technology, Division of Health Sciences, Osaka University graduate School of medicine
| | - Kazuo Kitagawa
- Department of Neurology, Tokyo Women's Medical University Hospital
| | - Satoru Kodama
- Department of Prevention of Noncommunicable Diseases and Promotion of Health Checkup, Department of Hematology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Niigata University Faculty of Medicine
| | - Masahiro Koseki
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Yoshiro Maezawa
- Department of Endocrinology, Hematology and Gerontology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Daisaku Masuda
- Department of Cardiology, Center for Innovative Medicine and Therapeutics, Dementia Care Center, Doctor's Support Center, Health Care Center, Rinku General Medical Center
| | - Takashi Miida
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine
| | | | - Rimei Nishimura
- Department of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Jikei University School of Medicine
| | - Koichi Node
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Saga University
| | - Midori Noguchi
- Division of Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University
| | - Mitsuru Ohishi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Hypertension, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University
| | - Isao Saito
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University
| | - Shojiro Sawada
- Division of Metabolism and Diabetes, Faculty of Medicine, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University
| | - Hirohito Sone
- Department of Hematology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Niigata University Faculty of Medicine
| | - Minoru Takemoto
- Department of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, International University of Health and Welfare
| | | | - Hidekatsu Yanai
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Kohnodai Hospital
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Ungvari Z, Fazekas-Pongor V, Csiszar A, Kunutsor SK. The multifaceted benefits of walking for healthy aging: from Blue Zones to molecular mechanisms. GeroScience 2023; 45:3211-3239. [PMID: 37495893 PMCID: PMC10643563 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-023-00873-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Physical activity, including walking, has numerous health benefits in older adults, supported by a plethora of observational and interventional studies. Walking decreases the risk or severity of various health outcomes such as cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes mellitus, cognitive impairment and dementia, while also improving mental well-being, sleep, and longevity. Dose-response relationships for walking duration and intensity are established for adverse cardiovascular outcomes. Walking's favorable effects on cardiovascular risk factors are attributed to its impact on circulatory, cardiopulmonary, and immune function. Meeting current physical activity guidelines by walking briskly for 30 min per day for 5 days can reduce the risk of several age-associated diseases. Additionally, low-intensity physical exercise, including walking, exerts anti-aging effects and helps prevent age-related diseases, making it a powerful tool for promoting healthy aging. This is exemplified by the lifestyles of individuals in Blue Zones, regions of the world with the highest concentration of centenarians. Walking and other low-intensity physical activities contribute significantly to the longevity of individuals in these regions, with walking being an integral part of their daily lives. Thus, incorporating walking into daily routines and encouraging walking-based physical activity interventions can be an effective strategy for promoting healthy aging and improving health outcomes in all populations. The goal of this review is to provide an overview of the vast and consistent evidence supporting the health benefits of physical activity, with a specific focus on walking, and to discuss the impact of walking on various health outcomes, including the prevention of age-related diseases. Furthermore, this review will delve into the evidence on the impact of walking and low-intensity physical activity on specific molecular and cellular mechanisms of aging, providing insights into the underlying biological mechanisms through which walking exerts its beneficial anti-aging effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoltan Ungvari
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment, Neurodegeneration and Healthy Brain Aging Program, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
- Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Doctoral School of Basic and Translational Medicine/Department of Public Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
| | | | - Anna Csiszar
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment, Neurodegeneration and Healthy Brain Aging Program, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Doctoral School of Basic and Translational Medicine/Department of Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Setor K Kunutsor
- Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester General Hospital, Gwendolen Road, Leicester, LE5 4WP, UK.
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Assayag E, Wiener R, Gelman E, Abulafia A, Wasser LM, Hanhart J, Zadok D, Weill Y. The Physical Activity Level of Ophthalmologists at Work: A Pedometer-Based Study. Workplace Health Saf 2023; 71:6-12. [PMID: 35673758 DOI: 10.1177/21650799221099039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ophthalmology practice entails many hours of physical inactivity, a potential long-term health hazard. This study aims to perform a pedometer-based evaluation of the physical activity (PA) levels of ophthalmologists at work. METHODS This is a prospective observational study. Ophthalmologists from a single tertiary medical center were monitored with electronic pedometers during six morning sessions in the ophthalmology clinics. Working hours and the number of patients seen per clinic session were retrieved. The age and body mass index (BMI) of participants were documented. Step number per working hour (SPH) was calculated for all participants. Comparisons between males and females, practicing ophthalmologists (attendings) and ophthalmology residents (residents), and sub-specialties were performed. Correlations between SPH and age, BMI, and patients seen per clinic session were computed. FINDINGS Pedometer readings for a total of 673 working hours were analyzed for 24 ophthalmologists, 17% female, 17 attendings, mean age 44.2 years (standard deviation (SD = 9.8). The average number of SPH for all participants was 359.7 (SD = 166.7). The mean PA level of residents was significantly higher than that of attendings (410.17 SPH vs. 338.95 SPH, respectively, p = .019). Oculoplastic surgeons demonstrated significantly higher step counts per hour than cornea specialists (439.90 SPH vs. 245.55 SPH, respectively, p = .002). A negative correlation was observed between SPH and the number of patients seen per clinic session (ρ = -0.274, p = .001). CONCLUSIONS/APPLICATIONS TO PRACTICE Low number of SPH for ophthalmologists in this study indicates ophthalmology to be a highly sedentary medical occupation. PA levels of ophthalmologists in the workplace may indicate a personal health care challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elishai Assayag
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Rony Wiener
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Evgeny Gelman
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Adi Abulafia
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Lauren M Wasser
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Joel Hanhart
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - David Zadok
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yishay Weill
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
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Super-additive associations between parity and education level on mortality from cardiovascular disease and other causes: the Japan Collaborative Cohort Study. BMC Womens Health 2022; 22:278. [PMID: 35794595 PMCID: PMC9261019 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-022-01805-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background While women’s parity status and education level have independent associations with cardiovascular and other diseases, no studies have evaluated the additive interaction of these two factors. Therefore, we examined the additive interaction between parity and education level on mortality from stroke, coronary heart disease, total cardiovascular disease, cancer, non-cardiovascular disease, and non-cancer causes, and all causes in Japanese women. Methods This study followed 41,242 women aged 40–79 years without a history of cardiovascular disease or cancer from 1988 to 1990 until 2009. Baseline parity and education level were classified into four categories, with highly educated parous women as the reference group. Cox proportional hazards regression analyses were performed to calculate the risk of mortality. We also assessed the additive interactions between parity and education level on mortality from cardiovascular disease and other causes using the relative excess risk due to interaction obtained using Cox models. Results During the median follow-up period of 19.1 years, we identified 6299 deaths. In a multivariable model adjusted for cardiovascular disease and other disease risk factors, nulliparous women with low education levels had increased multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios of 1.67 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.13, 2.47) for stroke, 1.98 (95% CI 1.15, 3.39) for coronary heart disease, 1.71 (95% CI 1.34,2.18) for total cardiovascular disease, 1.69 (95% CI 1.33, 2.14) for non-cardiovascular and non-cancer, and 1.51 (95% CI 1.30, 1.75) for all-cause mortality when compared with highly educated parous women. Moreover, we observed significant additive interactions between parity and education level on total cardiovascular disease mortality (P = 0.04), non-cardiovascular disease and non-cancer mortality (P = 0.01), and all-cause mortality (P = 0.005). Conclusions Nulliparity and low education levels are super-additively associated with total cardiovascular disease, non-cardiovascular and non-cancer, and all-cause mortality risks, suggesting that nulliparous women with low education levels need specific support for preventing mortality related to cardiovascular and other diseases. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12905-022-01805-y.
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Arafa A, Kokubo Y, Kashima R, Teramoto M, Sakai Y, Nosaka S, Nakao YM, Watanabe E. The Lifelong Health Support 10: a Japanese prescription for a long and healthy life. Environ Health Prev Med 2022; 27:23. [PMID: 35675977 PMCID: PMC9251624 DOI: 10.1265/ehpm.22-00085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although the age-adjusted incidence and mortality of cancer and cardiovascular disease (CVD) have been decreasing steadily in Japan, both diseases remain major contributors to morbidity and mortality along with the aging society. Herein, we aim to provide a prescription of 10 health tips for long and healthy life named the “Lifelong Health Support 10 (LHS10).” Method The LHS10 was developed by the preventive medicine specialists at the National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center in Suita, where it has been used for health guidance to prevent CVD, cancer, and cognitive decline in addition to their major risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes, and obesity. It consisted of the lifestyle modification recommendations of the 2014 Japanese Society of Hypertension guidelines and the 2017 Japan Atherosclerosis Society Guidelines for preventing atherosclerotic CVD. Further, it came in line with other international lifestyle modification guidelines. In this narrative review, we summarized the results of several Japanese epidemiological studies investigating the association between the LHS10 items and the risk of cancer, CVD, and other chronic diseases including dementia, diabetes, and chronic kidney disease. Results The LHS10 included avoiding smoking and secondhand smoke exposure, engaging in physical activity, refraining from excessive alcohol drinking, reducing fried foods and sugary soft drinks, cutting salt in food, consuming more vegetables, fruits, fish, soy foods, and fibers, and maintaining proper body weight. All items of the LHS10 were shown to reduce the risk of cancer, CVD, and other chronic diseases. Conclusions The LHS10 can be a helpful tool for health guidance. Supplementary information The online version contains supplementary material available at https://doi.org/10.1265/ehpm.22-00085.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Arafa
- Department of Preventive Cardiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center.,Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University
| | - Yoshihiro Kokubo
- Department of Preventive Cardiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center
| | - Rena Kashima
- Department of Preventive Cardiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center
| | - Masayuki Teramoto
- Department of Preventive Cardiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center
| | - Yukie Sakai
- Department of Preventive Cardiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center
| | - Saya Nosaka
- Department of Preventive Cardiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center
| | - Youko M Nakao
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds
| | - Emi Watanabe
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Contemporary Human Life Science, Tezukayama University
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Changes in the Frequency of Moderate-to-Vigorous Physical Activity and Subsequent Risk of All-Cause and Cardiovascular Disease Mortality. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19010504. [PMID: 35010764 PMCID: PMC8744773 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19010504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the association of changes in the frequency of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and the risks of all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality. This study used the nationally representative National Health Insurance Service-National Sample Cohort database. We included 286,402 individuals aged ≥20 years and estimated changes in the frequency of MVPA over a two-year period. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using Cox proportional hazard regression models. The HRs (95% CIs) for the risk of all-cause and CVD mortality for an increased frequency of MVPA from physical inactivity compared with continual physical inactivity were 0.82 and 0.68 (0.73–0.92 and 0.51–0.91) for 1–2, 0.72 and 0.48 (0.62–0.84 and 0.31–0.74) for 3–4, and 0.73 and 0.70 (0.63–0.85 and 0.50–0.98) for ≥5 sessions of MVPA/week. The HRs (95% CIs) for the risk of all-cause and CVD mortality were 1.28 and 1.58 (1.07–1.53 and 1.01–2.46), 1.25 and 2.17 (1.01–1.57 and 1.14–4.12), and 1.43 and 1.44 (1.15–1.77 and 0.84–2.47) for changes from 1–2, 3–4, and ≥5 sessions of MVPA/week to physical inactivity, respectively. This study showed the beneficial effect of increasing physical activity, particularly for those who were physically inactive at baseline, as well as the increased risk of all-cause and CVD mortality after adapting a physically inactive lifestyle regardless of their baseline physical activity status.
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Leisure-time physical activity and risk of incident cardiovascular disease in Chinese retired adults. Sci Rep 2021; 11:24202. [PMID: 34921190 PMCID: PMC8683485 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03475-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The optimum amounts and types of leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) for cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention among Chinese retired adults are unclear. The prospective study enrolled 26,584 participants (mean age [SD]: 63.3 [8.4]) without baseline disease from the Dongfeng-Tongji cohort in 2013. Cox-proportional hazard models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). During a mean 5.0 (1.5) years of follow-up, 5704 incident CVD cases were documented. Compared with less than 7.5 metabolic equivalent of task-hours per week (MET-hours/week) of LTPA, participating LTPA for 22.5-37.5 MET-hours/week, which was equivalent to 3 to 5 times the world health organization (WHO) recommended minimum, was associated with a 18% (95% CI 9 to 25%) lower CVD risk; however, no significant additional benefit was gained when exceeding 37.5 MET-hours/week. Each log10 increment of MET-hours/week in square dancing and cycling was associated with 11% (95% CI 2 to 20%) and 32% (95% CI 21 to 41%), respectively, lower risk of incident CVD. In Chinese retired adults, higher LTPA levels were associated with lower CVD risk, with a benefit threshold at 3 to 5 times the recommended physical activity minimum. Encouraging participation in square dancing and cycling might gain favourable cardiovascular benefits.
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Kushima T, Yamagishi K, Kihara T, Tamakoshi A, Iso H. Physical Activity and Risk of Mortality from Heart Failure among Japanese Population. J Atheroscler Thromb 2021; 29:1076-1084. [PMID: 34456198 PMCID: PMC9252619 DOI: 10.5551/jat.62843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Reports have shown that physical activity is inversely associated with heart failure risk, but evidence in Asian populations is lacking. We sought to examine the impacts of walking and sports participation on heart failure mortality among a Japanese population. METHODS We involved 36,223 Japanese men and 50,615 women (aged 40-79 years) who completed a self-administered questionnaire between 1988 and 1990. We divided participants into four categories of walking (<0.5, 0.5, 0.6-1.0, and ≥ 1 h/day) and sports participation (<1, 1-2, 3-4, and ≥ 5 h/week) and examined associations with activity and heart failure mortality through 2009. RESULTS We found inverse associations between physical activity and heart failure mortality. The multivariable hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) for the highest category of walking time compared with the second-lowest category were 0.76 (0.59-0.99) in men and 0.78 (0.61-0.99) in women, while the ratios for the highest category of sports participation time compared with the second-lowest category were 0.62 (0.41-0.93) in men and 1.09 (0.73-1.65) in women. The lower hazard ratios in the highest categories of walking and sports participation time in men became no longer statistically significant after excluding heart failure deaths for the first 5, 10, and 15 years for walking time and 10 and 15 years for sports participation. However, in women, the low hazard ratios for the highest category ≥ 1.0 h/day of walking time did not change materially. CONCLUSIONS Physical activity was associated with a lower risk of mortality from heart failure in this Japanese community-based population. The attenuated and nonsignificant association of walking and sports participation with the risk in men after exclusion of first 5-15 years heart failure death was probably due to changes in physical activity and death certificate diagnosis during the follow-up and reverse causation. However, the persistent inverse association between walking and the risk in women suggests a beneficial preventive effect on heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuro Kushima
- Department of Public Health Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Health Services Research and Development Center, University of Tsukuba
| | - Kazumasa Yamagishi
- Department of Public Health Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Health Services Research and Development Center, University of Tsukuba
| | - Tomomi Kihara
- Department of Public Health Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Health Services Research and Development Center, University of Tsukuba.,Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Akiko Tamakoshi
- Department of Public Health, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Hiroyasu Iso
- Department of Public Health Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Health Services Research and Development Center, University of Tsukuba.,Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine
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Arafa A, Lee HH, Eshak ES, Shirai K, Liu K, Li J, Anni NS, Shim SY, Kim HC, Iso H. Modifiable Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease in Korea and Japan. Korean Circ J 2021; 51:643-655. [PMID: 34227266 PMCID: PMC8326218 DOI: 10.4070/kcj.2021.0121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death and a major contributor to disability worldwide. Since the majority of cardiovascular events are preventable, identification of modifiable CVD risk factors and implementation of primordial prevention strategies should be a public health priority. In this aspect, the American Heart Association declared a strategic goal to reduce total CVD mortality in the US by 20% within 10 years via eliminating 7 major CVD risk factors (hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, cigarette smoking, physical inactivity, obesity, and poor-quality diet) in 2010, and their strategy has been achieving. However, the applicability of similar metrics to prevent CVD among East Asians requires an in-depth investigation of the modifiable CVD risk factors based on national and regional evidence-based findings. Herein, this review article aims to discuss several modifiable risk factors for CVDs, using epidemiological evidence from cohort studies and nationally representative data of 2 East Asian countries: Korea and Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Arafa
- Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef, Egypt
| | - Hyeok Hee Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ehab S Eshak
- Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minya, Egypt
| | - Kokoro Shirai
- Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Keyang Liu
- Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Jiaqi Li
- Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | | | - Sun Young Shim
- Department of Public Health, Yonsei University Graduate School, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyeon Chang Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Hiroyasu Iso
- Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan.
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Senda K, Miura T, Kato T, Kanzaki Y, Abe N, Yokota D, Yanagisawa T, Okina Y, Wakabayashi T, Oyama Y, Karube K, Itagaki T, Yoda H, Shoin K, Oguchi Y, Aizawa K, Suzuki C, Kuwahara K. Association of the Prognosis of Ankle-brachial Index Improvement One Year Following Endovascular Therapy in Patients with Peripheral Artery Disease: Data from the I-PAD NAGANO Registry. Intern Med 2021; 60:1999-2006. [PMID: 33518563 PMCID: PMC8313924 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.6117-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Despite reports on the effects of ankle-brachial index (ABI) improvement following endovascular therapy (EVT) on the limb prognosis, studies evaluating cardiovascular events are limited. We investigated whether or not ABI improvement 1 year following EVT was associated with cardiovascular events. Methods The I-PAD NAGANO registry is an observational multicenter cohort study that enrolled 337 patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD) who underwent EVT between August 2015 and July 2016. From this cohort, we identified 232 patients whose ABI data 1 year following EVT were available, after excluding patients with critical limb ischemia. We divided the patients into two groups according to the degree of ABI improvement 1 year following EVT (ΔABI) - the ΔABI <0.15 group and the ΔABI ≥0.15 group - and compared the outcomes. The primary endpoint was major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs), including all - cause death, myocardial infarction (MI), and stroke. The secondary endpoints were major adverse limb events (MALEs), defined as a composite of target lesion revascularization and major amputation, all - cause death, MI, and stroke. The median follow-up period was 3.3 years. Results The incidence of MACEs was significantly higher in the ΔABI <0.15 group than in the ΔABI ≥0.15 group (ΔABI <0.15 vs. ΔABI ≥0.15, 25.8% vs. 11.9%, log-rank p=0.036), as was the incidence of stroke (14.1% vs. 2.2%, log-rank p=0.016). A Cox regression analysis revealed that ΔABI ≥0.15 was significantly associated with fewer MACEs (hazard ratio 0.38, 95% confidence interval 0.17-0.83, p=0.016). Conclusion An increase in ABI ≥0.15 at 1 year following EVT was a predictor of reduced MACEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Senda
- Department of Cardiology, Aizawa Hospital, Japan
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Takashi Miura
- Department of Cardiology, Nagano Municipal Hospital, Japan
| | - Tamon Kato
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kanzaki
- Department of Cardiology, Shinonoi General Hospital, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Abe
- Department of Cardiology, Nagano Red Cross Hospital, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | - Yushi Oyama
- Department of Cardiology, Suwa Red Cross Hospital, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Kyoko Shoin
- Department of Cardiology, Aizawa Hospital, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Koichiro Kuwahara
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Japan
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11
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Hayashi F, Ohira T, Okazaki K, Nakano H, Sakai A, Hosoya M, Shimabukuro M, Takahashi A, Kazama J, Yasumura S, Hashimoto S, Kawasaki Y, Kobashi G, Ohto H, Kamiya K. Relationship between physical activity/exercise habits and the frequency of new onset of lifestyle-related diseases after the Great East Japan Earthquake among residents in Fukushima: the Fukushima Health Management Survey. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2021; 62:i129-i139. [PMID: 33978173 PMCID: PMC8114221 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rraa134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The effect of exercise habits on the increased incidence of lifestyle-related diseases among residents of the evacuation area in Fukushima Prefecture after the Great East Japan Earthquake is not well characterized. This study examined the influence of exercise habits on the frequency of new onset of lifestyle-related diseases in the aftermath of the earthquake using data from the Fukushima Health Management Survey (FHMS). Of the 32 289 individuals (14 004 men and 18 285 women) aged 40-90 years who underwent one or more health examinations in both 2011-12 and 2014-15, those who knew whether they had any lifestyle diseases and who responded to a questionnaire about their exercise and physical activity habits were included (dyslipidemia, 8017; hypertension, 7173; and diabetes mellitus, 13140 individuals). The association between the frequency of new onset of lifestyle-related diseases in 2014-15 and the presence or absence of persistent exercise and physical activity habits (active lifestyle) was examined using the FHMS data. The frequency of new onset of dyslipidemia was significantly lower in the active lifestyle group than in the sedentary lifestyle group (P = 0.008). On univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses, the presence of active lifestyle, obesity and the experience of evacuation showed a significant association with new onset of dyslipidemia, independent of age, sex or follow-up period. Thus maintaining physical activity and exercise habits may help prevent the new onset of dyslipidemia among residents of the evacuation area in the Fukushima Prefecture after the earthquake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumikazu Hayashi
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima-city, Fukushima, Japan
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima-city, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Ohira
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima-city, Fukushima, Japan
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima-city, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Kanako Okazaki
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima-city, Fukushima, Japan
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima-city, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Hironori Nakano
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima-city, Fukushima, Japan
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima-city, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Akira Sakai
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima-city, Fukushima, Japan
- Department of Radiation Life Sciences, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima-city, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Mitsuaki Hosoya
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima-city, Fukushima, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima-city, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Michio Shimabukuro
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima-city, Fukushima, Japan
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima-city, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Atsushi Takahashi
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima-city, Fukushima, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima-city, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Junichiro Kazama
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima-city, Fukushima, Japan
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima-city, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Seiji Yasumura
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima-city, Fukushima, Japan
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima-city, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Shigeatsu Hashimoto
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima-city, Fukushima, Japan
- Department of Metabolism, Diabetes and Nephrology, Fukushima Medical University Aizu Medical Center, Fukushima-city, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Yukihiko Kawasaki
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Gen Kobashi
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima-city, Fukushima, Japan
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Ohto
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima-city, Fukushima, Japan
- Department of Blood Transfusion and Transplantation Immunology, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima-city, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Kenji Kamiya
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima-city, Fukushima, Japan
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12
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Circulating miR-21, miR-29a, and miR-126 are associated with premature death risk due to cancer and cardiovascular disease: the JACC Study. Sci Rep 2021; 11:5298. [PMID: 33674633 PMCID: PMC7935984 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-84707-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary prevention of premature death is a public health concern worldwide. Circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) have been described as potential diagnostic biomarkers for diseases as cancer and cardiovascular disease (CVD). This case-cohort study aimed to investigate the potential relationship between circulating miRNAs and the risk of premature death. A total of 39,242 subjects provided baseline serum samples in 1988–1990. Of these, 345 subjects who died of intrinsic disease (< 65 years old) and for which measurable samples were available were included in this study. We randomly selected a sub-cohort of 879 subjects. Circulatring miR-21, miR-29a, and miR-126 were determined using qRT-PCR. Conditional logistic regression models were used to analyse the data with respect to stratified miRNA levels. Multivariable logistic regression revealed that subjects with high circulating miR-21 and miR-29a individual levels had a significantly higher risk of total death, cancer death, and CVD death than those with medium miR-21 and miR-29a individual levels. Conversely, subjects with low circulating miR-126 levels had a significantly higher risk of total death than those with medium levels. This suggests that circulating miRNAs are associated with the risk of premature death from cancer and CVD, identifying them as potential biomarkers for early detection of high-risk individuals.
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13
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Nashimoto S, Morishita S, Iida S, Hotta K, Tsubaki A. Relationship between the face scale for rating of perceived exertion and physiological parameters in older adults and patients with atrial fibrillation. Physiol Rep 2021; 9:e14759. [PMID: 33650814 PMCID: PMC7923560 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Borg scale is used to determine exercise intensity in rehabilitation but can be difficult for older adults to understand. By contrast, face scale that are used to evaluate pain are much easier to understand thanks to the inclusion of illustrations. On the other hand, the prevalence of atrial fibrillation (AF) increases with age. This study aimed to determine the validity of the face scale for rating perceived exertion (RPE-face scale) in older adults and patients with AF during cardiopulmonary exercise test. Furthermore, the relationship between face scale and anaerobic threshold (AT) was also investigated. METHODS A total of 90 patients with sinus rhythm (SR) (74 men, 16 women) and 22 with AF were enrolled. Participants' responses were recorded using the RPE-face scale and compared with exercise intensity, heart rate, oxygen uptake, and minute ventilation during the exercise test. We determined the AT by the V-slope method. RESULTS Correlations between RPE-face scale and physiological parameters were significantly positive for men with SR and women with SR and AF. However, differences in the correlation coefficient between age and SR or AF were not statistically significant. The cutoff value for AT of the RPE-face scale was "4," showing high sensitivity and specificity. CONCLUSIONS The RPE-face scale can be used to determine the intensity of physical exercise, unaffected by age, gender, SR, or AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Nashimoto
- Department of RehabilitationNiigata Medical CenterNiigata‐city, NiigataJapan
| | - Shinichiro Morishita
- Institute for Human Movement and Medical SciencesNiigata University of Health and WelfareNiigata‐city, NiigataJapan
| | - Susumu Iida
- Department of RehabilitationNiigata Medical CenterNiigata‐city, NiigataJapan
| | - Kazuki Hotta
- Institute for Human Movement and Medical SciencesNiigata University of Health and WelfareNiigata‐city, NiigataJapan
| | - Atsuhiro Tsubaki
- Institute for Human Movement and Medical SciencesNiigata University of Health and WelfareNiigata‐city, NiigataJapan
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14
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Müller-Riemenschneider F, Hong Y, Tan KHX, van Dam RM, Uijtdewilligen L. The Association of Different Types of Leisure Time Physical Activities with Cardiometabolic Outcomes in Singapore-Findings from the Multi-Ethnic Cohort Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17239030. [PMID: 33287415 PMCID: PMC7731378 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17239030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The study aimed to investigate the association between leisure time physical activity (LTPA) subtypes and cardiometabolic outcomes in the Singapore Multi-Ethnic Cohort (MEC). Self-reported data on socio-demographics, lifestyle factors, LTPA subtypes, and health screening data on body-mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP), triglycerides (TG), and HDL-and LDL cholesterol were collected. Multivariable linear regression analyses were used adjusting for confounders. The mean age of 9768 participants was 45.2 ± 12.5 years (57.3% female, 47.3% Chinese, 26.0% Malay, and 26.8% Indians). Overall, 65.8% engaged in LTPA, and walking, strength/fitness and running were most common. Higher total LTPA was associated with lower WC, DBP, TG, a trend towards lower BMI, and higher SBP and HDL. Running was beneficially associated with all outcomes except for SBP and LDL. Balance exercises (BMI, SBP and DBP), cycling (BMI, WC and HDL), and strength/fitness (BMI, WC, TG and HDL) were also favorably associated with a number of outcomes, whereas ball games (DBP and TG), dancing (HDL) and other LTPA (DBP) were only favorably associated with selected outcomes. Unfavorable associations were found for total LTPA (SBP), strength/fitness (SBP), golf (DBP) and swimming (BMI and WC). Further research is warranted to inform future health promotion efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Falk Müller-Riemenschneider
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117549, Singapore; (Y.H.); (K.H.X.T.); (R.M.v.D.); (L.U.)
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
- Digital Health Center, Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Yueheng Hong
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117549, Singapore; (Y.H.); (K.H.X.T.); (R.M.v.D.); (L.U.)
| | - Kristin Hui Xian Tan
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117549, Singapore; (Y.H.); (K.H.X.T.); (R.M.v.D.); (L.U.)
| | - Rob M. van Dam
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117549, Singapore; (Y.H.); (K.H.X.T.); (R.M.v.D.); (L.U.)
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Léonie Uijtdewilligen
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117549, Singapore; (Y.H.); (K.H.X.T.); (R.M.v.D.); (L.U.)
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15
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A Prospective Cohort Study of Muscular and Performance Fitness and Incident Glaucoma: The Niigata Wellness Study. J Phys Act Health 2020; 17:1171-1178. [PMID: 33055296 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2019-0660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To examine the association between muscular and performance fitness (MPF) and the incidence of glaucoma. METHODS A total of 27,051 glaucoma-free participants aged 20-87 years underwent physical fitness tests between April 2001 and March 2002. The MPF index was calculated using an age- and sex-specific summed z-score from grip strength, vertical jump, single-leg balance, forward bending, and whole-body reaction time. The participants were divided into quartiles according to the MPF index and each physical fitness test. Participants were followed up for the development of glaucoma, which was defined based on physician-diagnosed glaucoma at an annual health examination between April 2002 and March 2008. Hazard ratios for the incidence of glaucoma were estimated using Cox proportional hazards models. RESULTS During follow-up, 303 participants developed glaucoma. Compared with the lowest MPF index group, hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) of developing glaucoma was 0.64 (0.46-0.89) for the highest MPF index group (P for trend = .001). Vertical jump and whole-body reaction time were associated with incident glaucoma (P for trend = .01 and <.001, respectively). There were no associations between the other physical fitness tests and the incidence of glaucoma. CONCLUSION Higher MPF is associated with lower incidence of glaucoma.
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16
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Luz TCD, Cattafesta M, Petarli GB, Meneghetti JP, Zandonade E, Bezerra OMDPA, Salaroli LB. Cardiovascular risk factors in a Brazilian rural population. CIENCIA & SAUDE COLETIVA 2020; 25:3921-3932. [PMID: 32997024 DOI: 10.1590/1413-812320202510.36022018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Given the extensive costs due to cardiovascular diseases and the increased prevalence of these diseases in farmers, this study aims to estimate the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in this population and to evaluate their associated factors. A cross-sectional study was carried out involving 790 farmers from the municipality of Santa Maria de Jetibá-ES, Brazil. Six out of ten evaluated farmers had at least one cardiovascular risk factor (CRF). High blood pressure was the most prevalent risk factor in 35.8% (95%CI 32-39, n = 283) followed by dyslipidemia (34.4%, 95%CI 31-38, n = 272). Those aged more than 50 years were 5.6 times (95%CI 2.03-15.43) more likely to evidence two or more CRFs. High waist circumference or tricipital skinfold indicating overweight increased 2.35 times (95%CI 1.47-3.76) and 1.6 times (95%CI 1.05-2.44) this likelihood, respectively. These findings reveal the high prevalence of CRF in rural workers and the significant impact of age and the accumulation of body fat in the development of these factors, showing the need to intensify public health policies geared to this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamires Conceição da Luz
- Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo. Av. Fernando Ferrari 514, Goiabeiras. 29075-910 Vitória ES Brasil.
| | - Monica Cattafesta
- Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo. Av. Fernando Ferrari 514, Goiabeiras. 29075-910 Vitória ES Brasil.
| | - Glenda Blaser Petarli
- Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo. Av. Fernando Ferrari 514, Goiabeiras. 29075-910 Vitória ES Brasil.
| | - João Paulo Meneghetti
- Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo. Av. Fernando Ferrari 514, Goiabeiras. 29075-910 Vitória ES Brasil.
| | - Eliana Zandonade
- Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo. Av. Fernando Ferrari 514, Goiabeiras. 29075-910 Vitória ES Brasil.
| | | | - Luciane Bresciani Salaroli
- Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo. Av. Fernando Ferrari 514, Goiabeiras. 29075-910 Vitória ES Brasil.
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17
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Cao J, Eshak ES, Liu K, Yang J, Gero K, Liu Z, Yu C. An Age-Period-Cohort Analysis of Stroke Mortality Attributable to Low Physical Activity in China and Japan: Data from the GBD Study 1990-2016. Sci Rep 2020; 10:6525. [PMID: 32300134 PMCID: PMC7162896 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63307-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke is the first and fourth leading cause of death in China and Japan, respectively. Physical inactivity was suggested to be one of the most important risk factors for stroke mortality. Therefore, this study aimed to assess long-term trends in stroke mortality attributable to low physical activity (LPA) in China and Japan during the period 1990–2016. Mortality data were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016 (GBD 2016) and were analyzed with an age-period-cohort method. The age-standardized mortality rates (ASMRs) showed declining trends for LPA-attributable stroke mortality. The overall net drift per year was −1.3% for Chinese men, −2.9% for Chinese women, −3.9% for Japanese men, and −5.6% for Japanese women. In both countries, the local drift values were below zero in all age groups. The longitudinal age curves of LPA-attributable stroke mortality were higher in men than in women in all age groups. The period and cohort rate ratios showed similar downward patterns for both sexes, with a faster decline for women than for men. However, the physically active population is still small in both countries. Therefore, policymakers should further promote physical activity as one of the most recommended effective strategies in stroke prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhong Cao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ehab S Eshak
- Department of Public Health, Community and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Keyang Liu
- Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Jin Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Krisztina Gero
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA
| | | | - Chuanhua Yu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
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18
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Aggio D, Papachristou E, Papacosta O, Lennon LT, Ash S, Whincup P, Wannamethee SG, Jefferis BJ. Trajectories of physical activity from midlife to old age and associations with subsequent cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality. J Epidemiol Community Health 2019; 74:130-136. [PMID: 31704805 PMCID: PMC6993021 DOI: 10.1136/jech-2019-212706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Introduction It is well established that physical activity (PA) protects against mortality and morbidity, but how long-term patterns of PA are associated with mortality and cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains unclear. Methods 3231 men recruited to the British Regional Heart Study, a prospective cohort study, reported usual PA levels at baseline in 1978–1980 (aged 40–59 years) and at 12-year, 16-year and 20-year follow ups. Twenty-year trajectories of PA, spanning from 1978/1980 to 2000, were identified using group-based trajectory modelling. Men were subsequently followed up until 30 June 2016 for mortality through National Health Service central registers and for non-fatal CVD events through primary and secondary care records. Data analyses were conducted in 2019. Results Three PA trajectories were identified: low/decreasing (22.7%), light/stable (51.0%) and moderate/increasing (26.3%). Over a median follow-up of 16.4 years, there were 1735 deaths. Compared with the low/decreasing group, membership of the light/stable (HR 0.83, 95% CI 0.74 to 0.94) and moderate/increasing (HR 0.76, 95% CI 0.66 to 0.88) groups was associated with a lower risk of all-cause mortality. Similar associations were observed for CVD mortality, major coronary heart disease and all CVD events. Associations were only partially explained by a range of confounders. Sensitivity analyses suggested that survival benefits were largely driven by most recent/current PA. Conclusions A dose-response relationship was observed, with higher levels of PA from midlife to old age associated with additional benefits. However, even fairly modest and sustained PA was protective and may be more achievable for the most inactive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Aggio
- Primary Care and Population Health, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Olia Papacosta
- Primary Care and Population Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Lucy T Lennon
- Primary Care and Population Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Sarah Ash
- Primary Care and Population Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Peter Whincup
- Population Health Research Institute, St George's University of London, London, UK
| | - S Goya Wannamethee
- Primary Care and Population Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Barbara J Jefferis
- Primary Care and Population Health, University College London, London, UK
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Peters GA, Wong ML, Sanchez LD. Pedometer-measured physical activity among emergency physicians during shifts. Am J Emerg Med 2019; 38:118-121. [PMID: 31378411 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2019.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Tools to measure physical activity, such as pedometers, have become more prevalent and attracted popular interest in recent years. Despite this trend, research has not yet quantified pedometer-measured physical activity among Emergency Physicians. This study aims to provide the first characterization of physical activity among on-duty Emergency Physicians in terms of step count. METHODS Emergency Physicians wore Empatica E4 research-grade accelerometers while performing routine clinical care in the Emergency Department. A publicly available algorithm was used to estimate the number of steps taken. RESULTS Fifty-one Emergency Physicians, including thirty-four residents and seventeen attending physicians, contributed over 1500 h of accelerometer data. On average, this cohort took 577 steps per hour (SD: 72.6), totaling 4950 steps per recorded shift (SD: 737.8), which is approximately 2.6 miles (SD: 0.31). Residents walked more than attending physicians (595.9 steps per hour (SD: 99.7) vs 563.0 steps per hour (SD: 89.0), respectively; p = 0.02). CONCLUSION The average emergency physician in this cohort walked roughly half the daily recommended number of steps during their recorded shift. Residents walk significantly more than attending physicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory A Peters
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Emergency Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Matthew L Wong
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Emergency Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Leon D Sanchez
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Emergency Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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20
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Kandula N, Ahmed M, Dodani S, Gupta L, Hore P, Kanaya A, Khowaja A, Mathur A, Mehta D, Misra R, Paracha M, Bharmal N, Aghhi M, Leng J, Gany F. Cardiovascular Disease & Cancer Risk Among South Asians: Impact of Sociocultural Influences on Lifestyle and Behavior. J Immigr Minor Health 2019; 21:15-25. [PMID: 28493115 PMCID: PMC7646689 DOI: 10.1007/s10903-017-0578-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
A comprehensive literature review revealed cultural beliefs, societal obligations, and gender roles within the South Asian community to be indirect contributors to the health of South Asian immigrants (SAIs). Health professionals need to increase their work with SAI communities to change less beneficial cultural elements such as misconceptions about health and exercise, and lack of communication when using alternative medicines. Community engaged efforts and continuing medical education are both needed to improve the health of the South Asian immigrant population in a culturally appropriate manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namratha Kandula
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Munerah Ahmed
- Bureau of Environmental Surveillance and Policy, New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sunita Dodani
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine & Center for Health Equity and Quality Research, University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Leena Gupta
- Life Sciences Research and Surveys, Gerson Lehrman Group, New York, NY, USA
| | - Paromita Hore
- Bureau of Environmental Disease and Injury Prevention, New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alka Kanaya
- Division of General Internal Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Ashish Mathur
- South Asian Heart Center, El Camino Hospital, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - Darshan Mehta
- Benson-Henry Institute for Mind Body Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ranjita Misra
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, College of Education and Human Development, Center for the Study of Health Disparities, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Muhammad Paracha
- Asian Human Services Family Health Center, Inc., Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Nazleen Bharmal
- Division of General Internal Medicine and Health Services Research, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Jennifer Leng
- Immigrant Health and Cancer Disparities Service, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 485 Lexington Avenue, 2nd Floor, New York, NY, 10017, USA
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Healthcare Policy and Research, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Francesca Gany
- Immigrant Health and Cancer Disparities Service, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 485 Lexington Avenue, 2nd Floor, New York, NY, 10017, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Healthcare Policy and Research, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.
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Saito M, Aida J, Kondo N, Saito J, Kato H, Ota Y, Amemiya A, Kondo K. Reduced long-term care cost by social participation among older Japanese adults: a prospective follow-up study in JAGES. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e024439. [PMID: 30928931 PMCID: PMC6475166 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-024439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Reducing costs related to functional disabilities and long-term care (LTC) is necessary in ageing societies. We evaluated the differences in the cumulative cost of public LTC insurance (LTCI) services by social participation. DESIGN Prospective observational study. SETTING Our baseline survey was conducted in March 2006 among people aged 65 or older who were not eligible for public LTCI benefits and were selected using a complete enumeration in Tokoname City, Japan. We followed up with their LTC services costs over a period of 11 years. Social participation was assessed by the frequency of participation in clubs for hobbies, sports or volunteering. We adopted a classical linear regression analysis and an inverse probability weighting (IPW), with multiple imputation of missing values. PARTICIPANTS Functionally independent 5377 older adults. PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURES The cumulative cost of public LTCI services for 11 years. RESULTS Even when adjusting for the confounding variables, social participation at the baseline was negatively associated with the cumulative cost of LTCI services. The IPW model showed that in respondents who participated in hobby activities once a week or more, the cumulative cost of LTCI services for 11 years was lower, approximately US$3500 per person, in comparison to non-participants. Similarly, that in respondents who participated in sports group or clubs was lower, approximately US$6000 than non-participants. CONCLUSIONS Older adults' participation in community organisations may help reduce future LTC costs. Promoting participation opportunities in the community could ensure the financial stability of LTCI services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashige Saito
- Faculty of Social Welfare, Nihon Fukushi University, Chita-gun, Aichi, Japan
- Center for Well-being and Society, Nihon Fukushi University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Jun Aida
- Department of International and Community Oral Health, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Naoki Kondo
- Department of Health Education and Health Sociology, School of Public Health, TheUniversity of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junko Saito
- Department of Health Education and Health Sociology, School of Public Health, TheUniversity of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Kato
- Graduate School of Business Administration, Keio University, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | | | - Airi Amemiya
- Department of Health Education and Health Sociology, School of Public Health, TheUniversity of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsunori Kondo
- Center for Preventive Medical Science, Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Chiba, Japan
- Center for Gerontology and Social Sciences, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, Japan
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22
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Tan XL, Pugh G, Humby F, Morrissey D. Factors associated with physical activity engagement among adults with rheumatoid arthritis: A cross-sectional study. Musculoskeletal Care 2019; 17:163-173. [PMID: 30729653 DOI: 10.1002/msc.1385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Physical activity (PA) has a number of benefits for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. However, these patients are more physically inactive than the general population. The primary aim of this study was to investigate factors associated with PA engagement among RA patients. The secondary aim was to identify their preference for PA support. METHODS There were 96 participants, 76 of whom were female, with a mean age of 56.9 years (range = 34-72 years) and a median RA disease duration of 5 years (interquartile range = 2-12). All patients completed questionnaires assessing demographic status, health status (including cardiovascular disease [CVD] risk and RA disease profile), PA levels and preferences, alongside the perceived benefits of-and barriers to-PA. Hierarchical regressions were carried out to assess the relationship between reported PA levels and both engagement determinants and disease features. RESULTS Forty-five per cent (n = 44) had low levels (<600 metabolic equivalent-min/week) of PA. Low level of PA was significantly associated with: CVD risk profile (ηp 2 = 0.118, p < 0.002); functional disability (ηp 2 = 0.206, p < 0.032); pain (ηp 2 = 0.154, p < 0.028); general personal (ηp 2 = 0.190, p < 0.001) and arthritis-specific personal (ηp 2 = 0.170, p < 0.001) barriers to PA; age (ηp 2 = 0.076, p < 0.026); and sedentary behaviour (ηp 2 = 0.275, p < 0.001). Participants displayed a preference for unsupervised (n = 37, 38.5%), low-intensity (n = 45, 46.9%), indoor home (n = 50, 52.1%) exercises, with no preferences for the diversity of the exercise prescribed (n = 39, 40.6%) or for who provided the exercise counselling (n = 34, 35.4%). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that CVD profile, disability, pain, and general and arthritis-specific personal barriers are associated with PA levels among RA patients. Intervention development should address these factors to facilitate an increase in PA uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li Tan
- Centre for Sports and Exercise Medicine, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Hospital, London, UK
| | - Gemma Pugh
- Centre for Sports and Exercise Medicine, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Hospital, London, UK
| | - Frances Humby
- Centre for Sports and Exercise Medicine, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Hospital, London, UK
| | - Dylan Morrissey
- Centre for Sports and Exercise Medicine, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Hospital, London, UK
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23
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Spiteri J, von Brockdorff P. Economic development and health outcomes: Evidence from cardiovascular disease mortality in Europe. Soc Sci Med 2019; 224:37-44. [PMID: 30738235 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2019.01.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The impact of economic growth on health outcomes has generated various conflicting results in recent years, particularly with the emergence of cardiovascular disease as one of the most salient global health issues. This paper looks at the relationship between economic development and health outcomes. We first estimate an empirical model using data on annual cardiovascular disease mortality in a panel of 27 European countries, over the period 2003 to 2014, together with per capita GDP levels in each country. We also include a number of additional determinants of health outcomes as prescribed by the literature, including various socio-economic, lifestyle and contextual variables. The results show that there is a statistically-significant inverted U-shaped relationship, whereby as income increases mortality rates first rise, before declining at subsequent levels of development. This trajectory persists even after the inclusion of the other determinants of health, as well as other robustness checks. We then seek to explain the persistence of the inverted U-shaped income-mortality relationship using a microeconomic model of consumer choice, with our findings suggesting that this relationship is consistent with a scenario of increasing returns to scale from healthcare investment. The results emphasise the importance of investment in the latest healthcare technologies and continued improvements to public healthcare systems, particularly within developing countries, in conjunction with efforts to boost economic growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Spiteri
- Faculty of Economics, Management and Accountancy, University of Malta, Msida, MSD2080, Malta.
| | - Philip von Brockdorff
- Faculty of Economics, Management and Accountancy, University of Malta, Msida, MSD2080, Malta.
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24
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Yamaguchi T, Yamamura O, Hamano T, Murakita K, Nakamoto Y. Premorbid physical activity is modestly associated with gait independence after a stroke: an exploratory study. Eur Rev Aging Phys Act 2019; 15:18. [PMID: 30603050 PMCID: PMC6305997 DOI: 10.1186/s11556-018-0208-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Regaining physical function after a stroke is important for independence and for performing activities of daily living. Particularly, cerebrovascular disease, which includes stroke, is not entirely avoidable. In the present study, we aimed to observe the association between premorbid physical activities and gait independence after a stroke. Methods Consecutive cerebrovascular stroke patients were asked to fill a questionnaire regarding their premorbid physical activities. The association between gait independence at the completion of in-hospital rehabilitation and premorbid physical activities, as well as age, stroke type, lesion size, and comorbidities, was investigated statistically. Results Of 130 consecutive patients with stroke who answered the questionnaire regarding their premorbid physical activities, 97 regained gait independence. Ambulation and occupational or household activities were most frequently performed by all the participants before stroke onset. Participants who acquired gait independence tended to indicate various premorbid activities compared to participants who did not recover gait independence. Estimating premorbid physical activities in metabolic equivalents suggested that moderate to vigorous activities were associated with an increased probability of post-stroke independent gait but this tendency was dismissed after multivariate analysis including age and history of stroke. Conclusions Premorbid physical activity is associated with gait independence after a stroke, but this association is not as strong as those of age or history of stroke. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s11556-018-0208-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Yamaguchi
- 1Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medical Science, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Osamu Yamamura
- 2Second Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Science, University of Fukui. Fukui, Shimoaizuki 23, Matsuoka, 9101193 Japan
| | - Tadanori Hamano
- 2Second Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Science, University of Fukui. Fukui, Shimoaizuki 23, Matsuoka, 9101193 Japan
| | | | - Yasunari Nakamoto
- 2Second Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Science, University of Fukui. Fukui, Shimoaizuki 23, Matsuoka, 9101193 Japan
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25
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Kawasaki T, Tozawa R, Aramaki H. Effectiveness of using an unskilled model in action observation combined with motor imagery training for early motor learning in elderly people: a preliminary study. Somatosens Mot Res 2018; 35:204-211. [DOI: 10.1080/08990220.2018.1527760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tsubasa Kawasaki
- Institute of Sports Medicine and Science, Tokyo International University, Kawagoe-City, Saitama, Japan
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Science, Ryotokuji University, Urayasu-City, Chiba, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Tozawa
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Science, Ryotokuji University, Urayasu-City, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hidefumi Aramaki
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Science, Ryotokuji University, Urayasu-City, Chiba, Japan
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26
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Kim MH, Banerjee S, Zhao Y, Wang F, Zhang Y, Zhu Y, DeFerio J, Evans L, Park SM, Pathak J. Association networks in a matched case-control design - Co-occurrence patterns of preexisting chronic medical conditions in patients with major depression versus their matched controls. J Biomed Inform 2018; 87:88-95. [PMID: 30300713 PMCID: PMC6262847 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbi.2018.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We present a method for comparing association networks in a matched case-control design, which provides a high-level comparison of co-occurrence patterns of features after adjusting for confounding factors. We demonstrate this approach by examining the differential distribution of chronic medical conditions in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) compared to the distribution of these conditions in their matched controls. MATERIALS AND METHODS Newly diagnosed MDD patients were matched to controls based on their demographic characteristics, socioeconomic status, place of residence, and healthcare service utilization in the Korean National Health Insurance Service's National Sample Cohort. Differences in the networks of chronic medical conditions in newly diagnosed MDD cases treated with antidepressants, and their matched controls, were prioritized with a permutation test accounting for the false discovery rate. Sensitivity analyses for the associations between prioritized pairs of chronic medical conditions and new MDD diagnosis were performed with regression modeling. RESULTS By comparing the association networks of chronic medical conditions in newly diagnosed depression patients and their matched controls, five pairs of such conditions were prioritized among 105 possible pairs after controlling the false discovery rate at 5%. In sensitivity analyses using regression modeling, four out of the five prioritized pairs were statistically significant for the interaction terms. CONCLUSION Association networks in a matched case-control design can provide a high-level comparison of comorbid features after adjusting for confounding factors, thereby supplementing traditional clinical study approaches. We demonstrate the differential co-occurrence pattern of chronic medical conditions in patients with MDD and prioritize the chronic conditions that have statistically significant interactions in regression models for depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Hyung Kim
- Division of Health Informatics, Department of Health Policy and Research, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, NY, USA
| | - Samprit Banerjee
- Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Health Policy and Research, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, NY, USA
| | - Yize Zhao
- Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Health Policy and Research, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, NY, USA
| | - Fei Wang
- Division of Health Informatics, Department of Health Policy and Research, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, NY, USA
| | - Yiye Zhang
- Division of Health Informatics, Department of Health Policy and Research, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, NY, USA
| | - Yongjun Zhu
- Department of Library and Information Science, Sungkyungkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joseph DeFerio
- Division of Health Informatics, Department of Health Policy and Research, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, NY, USA
| | - Lauren Evans
- Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Health Policy and Research, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, NY, USA
| | - Sang Min Park
- Department of Family Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jyotishman Pathak
- Division of Health Informatics, Department of Health Policy and Research, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, NY, USA.
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27
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Ukawa S, Zhao W, Yatsuya H, Yamagishi K, Tanabe N, Iso H, Tamakoshi A. Associations of Daily Walking Time With Pneumonia Mortality Among Elderly Individuals With or Without a Medical History of Myocardial Infarction or Stroke: Findings From the Japan Collaborative Cohort Study. J Epidemiol 2018; 29:233-237. [PMID: 30249944 PMCID: PMC6522391 DOI: 10.2188/jea.je20170341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The association between daily walking and pneumonia mortality, stratified by the presence of disease conditions, such as myocardial infarction (MI) or stroke, was investigated. Methods The study participants were 22,280 Japanese individuals (9,067 men and 13,213 women) aged 65–79 years. Inverse propensity weighted competing risk model was used to calculate the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for pneumonia mortality. Results After a median of 11.9 years of follow-up, 1,203 participants died of pneumonia. Participants who did not have a history of MI or stroke and who walked for 1 hour/day or more were less likely to die from pneumonia (HR 0.90; 95% CI, 0.82–0.98) than those walked for 0.5 hours/day. A similar inverse association of pneumonia and walking (0.5 hours/day) was observed among participants with a history of MI (HR 0.66; 95% CI, 0.48–0.90). Among the participants with a history of stroke, those who walked for 0.6–0.9 hours/day were less likely to die because of pneumonia (HR 0.65; 95% CI, 0.43–0.98). Conclusions Regular walking for ≥1 hour/day may reduce the risk of pneumonia mortality in elderly individuals with or without cardiovascular disease history.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigekazu Ukawa
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University.,Research Unit of Advanced Interdisciplinary Care Science, Graduate School of Human Life Science, Osaka City University
| | - Wenjing Zhao
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University
| | - Hiroshi Yatsuya
- Department of Public Health, Fujita Health University School of Medicine
| | - Kazumasa Yamagishi
- Department of Public Health Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba
| | - Naohito Tanabe
- Department of Health and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Life Studies, University of Niigata Prefecture
| | - Hiroyasu Iso
- Public Health, Department of Social and Environmental Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University
| | - Akiko Tamakoshi
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University
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28
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Gero K, Iso H, Kitamura A, Yamagishi K, Yatsuya H, Tamakoshi A. Cardiovascular disease mortality in relation to physical activity during adolescence and adulthood in Japan: Does school-based sport club participation matter? Prev Med 2018; 113:102-108. [PMID: 29753803 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2018.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Revised: 05/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
We examined potential associations of sport club participation during adolescence and sports-related physical activity during adulthood with mortality from cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in a Japanese population. Between 1988 and 1990, 29,526 men and 41,043 women aged 40-79 years responded to a questionnaire including questions about the frequency of sports participation at baseline and sport club participation during junior/senior high school. Subjects were followed-up until the end of 2009, and 4230 cardiovascular deaths (870 CHD, 1859 stroke) were identified. Cox proportional-hazard regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HR). During the first-two thirds of the follow-up - where the proportional hazards assumption was met - the multivariate-adjusted HR (95% confidence interval) for total CVD mortality was 0.77 (0.61-0.98) among men and 0.82 (0.61-1.10) among women who were physically active at baseline (≥5 h/week versus 1-2 h/week). The corresponding HRs for coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality were 0.65 (0.39-1.07) and 0.40 (0.17-0.91), respectively. The combined associations of sports participation during adulthood and adolescence were also examined. Among men who participated in sports for ≥5 h/week at baseline, the multivariate-adjusted HR for those who also engaged in sport club activities during adolescence was 0.89 (0.61-1.30) for total CVD mortality and 0.24 (0.08-0.71) for CHD mortality when compared to non-participants. Among women, no statistically significant differences were found between sport club participants and non-participants. In conclusion, participating in sport clubs during adolescence might lead to a more pronounced risk-reduction for CHD mortality among men who also participate in sport activities during adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krisztina Gero
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States.
| | - Hiroyasu Iso
- Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Akihiko Kitamura
- Research Team for Social Participation and Community Health, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Kazumasa Yamagishi
- Department of Public Health Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Yatsuya
- Department of Public Health, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan.
| | - Akiko Tamakoshi
- Department of Public Health, Hokkaido University Faculty of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.
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29
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Differences in Falls between Older Adult Participants in Group Exercise and Those Who Exercise Alone: A Cross-Sectional Study Using Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study (JAGES) Data. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15071413. [PMID: 29976848 PMCID: PMC6068491 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15071413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 06/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the difference in falls between older adults who participated in group exercise and those who exercised alone. We used cross-sectional data from the Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study. Data were obtained from functionally independent residents aged 65 years or older across 30 municipalities in Japan (n = 19,257). Logistic regression analysis was performed with experience of multiple falls over the past year as the dependent variable and type of exercise as the independent variable. Respondents were divided into three groups according to how they performed exercise: (1) non-exercisers (NE, no exercise), (2) those who only exercised alone (IE, individual exercise), and (3) those whose exercise included participation in group exercise (GE, group exercise). In total, 887 (4.6%) respondents reported multiple falls. After adjustment for 10 possible confounders, the GE group had an odds ratio (OR) for falls of 0.75 (95% confidence intervals 0.60–0.95) compared with the IE group. After adjustment for physiological factors and a psychological factor, the OR for the GE group increased slightly; however, an association between falls and exercise type was indicated. Older adults who participate in group exercise may receive additional benefits related to falls prevention compared with those who exercise alone.
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30
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Yasukawa S, Eguchi E, Ogino K, Tamakoshi A, Iso H. "Ikigai", Subjective Wellbeing, as a Modifier of the Parity-Cardiovascular Mortality Association - The Japan Collaborative Cohort Study. Circ J 2018; 82:1302-1308. [PMID: 29618706 DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-17-1201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nulliparity is associated with an excess risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). "Ikigai", subjective wellbeing in Japan, is associated with reduced risk of CVD. The impact of ikigai on the association between parity and the risk of CVD, however, has not been reported.Methods and Results:A total of 39,870 Japanese women aged 40-79 years without a history of CVD, cancer or insufficient information at baseline in 1988-1990, were enrolled and followed until the end of 2009. They were categorized into 7 groups according to parity number 0-≥6. Using Cox regression hazard modeling, the associations between parity and mortality from stroke, coronary artery disease, and total CVD were investigated. During the follow-up period, 2,121 total CVD deaths were documented. No association was observed between parity and stroke and CVD mortality in women with ikigai, but there was an association in those without ikigai. The multivariable hazard ratios of stroke and total CVD mortality for nulliparous women without ikigai vs. those with 1 child were 1.87 (95% CI: 1.15-3.05) and 1.46 (95% CI: 1.07-2.01), respectively, and that for stroke mortality in high parity women without ikigai was 1.56 (95% CI: 1.00-2.45). CONCLUSIONS Nulliparous or high parity women without ikigai had higher mortality from stroke and/or total CVD, suggesting that ikigai attenuated the association between parity and CVD mortality in Japanese women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumiyo Yasukawa
- Department of Public Health, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences.,Department of Nursing, Okayama University Graduate School of Health Sciences
| | - Eri Eguchi
- Department of Public Health, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences
| | - Keiki Ogino
- Department of Public Health, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences
| | - Akiko Tamakoshi
- Department of Public Health, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Hiroyasu Iso
- Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine
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31
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Ohira T, Nakano H, Nagai M, Yumiya Y, Zhang W, Uemura M, Sakai A, Hashimoto S. Changes in Cardiovascular Risk Factors After the Great East Japan Earthquake. Asia Pac J Public Health 2017; 29:47S-55S. [PMID: 28330394 DOI: 10.1177/1010539517695436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The Great East Japan Earthquake occurred on March 11, 2011, and was followed by a nuclear accident at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant. The government ordered a mandatory evacuation from the high radioactive concentration area in Fukushima. This evacuation may have forced many evacuees to change specific aspects of their lifestyles such as diet and physical activity, which in turn may lead to future incidence of lifestyle diseases such as cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). To address this concern, the association between the evacuation and changes in CVD risk factors before and after the disaster was examined in the Fukushima Health Management Survey. In the present study, we reviewed the results of longitudinal studies in the Fukushima Health Management Survey. The proportion of overweight/obese people and those with hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, liver dysfunction, atrial fibrillation, and polycythemia increased after the disaster. Furthermore, the evacuation was associated with an increase of these cardiovascular risk factors. Therefore, evacuees may be more disposed to CVDs such as myocardial infarction and stroke after the disaster. The prevention of future CVDs among evacuees from Fukushima requires ongoing preventive programs for obesity, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and dyslipidemia, in collaboration with local governments and communities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Masato Nagai
- 1 Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan.,2 Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yui Yumiya
- 1 Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Wen Zhang
- 1 Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Mayu Uemura
- 1 Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Akira Sakai
- 1 Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
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32
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Physical Inactivity and the Economic and Health Burdens Due to Cardiovascular Disease: Exercise as Medicine. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 999:3-18. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-4307-9_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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33
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Shirakawa T, Iso H. Response by Shirakawa and Iso to Letter Regarding Article, "Watching Television and Risk of Mortality From Pulmonary Embolism Among Japanese Men and Women: The JACC Study (Japan Collaborative Cohort)". Circulation 2016; 134:e501-e502. [PMID: 27881515 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.116.025541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Toru Shirakawa
- From Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan (T.S., H.I.)
| | - Hiroyasu Iso
- From Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan (T.S., H.I.)
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34
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Hayashi R, Iso H, Cui R, Tamakoshi A. Occupational physical activity in relation to risk of cardiovascular mortality: The Japan Collaborative Cohort Study for Evaluation for Cancer Risk (JACC Study). Prev Med 2016; 89:286-291. [PMID: 27311336 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2016.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2015] [Revised: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We examined the association between patterns of occupational physical activity (OPA) and mortality from cardiovascular disease (CVD) in a Japanese population. A community-based, prospective cohort of 66,161 men and women aged 40-79years without a history of CVD or cancer at baseline (1988-1990) was followed until 2009. OPA was divided into four types: mostly sitting, sitting and standing (sitting/standing), mostly standing, and standing and walking (standing/walking). During follow-up for a median of 19.2years, 3728 deaths from CVD were registered. Compared with mostly sitting OPA, standing/walking OPA was not associated with a reduced risk of CVD mortality for all subjects, but it was associated with a 20% lower risk of CVD mortality among overweight individuals (body mass index ≥25kg/m(2)). Compared with mostly sitting OPA, mostly standing OPA was associated with an approximately 20% higher risk of CVD mortality, especially among overweight individuals or those with lower exercise (<2.5h/week). In conclusion, compared with mostly sitting OPA, standing/walking OPA is associated with lower CVD mortality among overweight individuals, while mostly standing OPA is associated with higher CVD mortality, especially in physically inactive individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rie Hayashi
- Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Osaka University, Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Iso
- Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Osaka University, Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Renzhe Cui
- Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Osaka University, Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Akiko Tamakoshi
- Department of Public Health, Hokkaido University, Graduate School of Medicine, North 15, West 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8638, Japan
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Abstract
Although growing awareness about the potential long-term deleterious effects of sport-related concussion has led to increased attention to the risks of collision sports, calls to ban these sports, such as American football, might be premature. Collision sports have a relatively high incidence of concussions, but participation in these sports also confers a host of benefits. In addition, the associated risks of participation, including concussion, have not been definitively shown to outweigh the benefits they provide, and the risk-benefit ratio might vary among individuals. The risks of concussion and repetitive concussions associated with collision sports are unknown in the general population and not well characterized even in elite athlete populations. In this article, we discuss current knowledge on sports-related concussion, its neurological consequences, and implications for regulation of the practice of collision sports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebekah Mannix
- Division of Emergency Medicine, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - William P Meehan
- Division of Sports Medicine at the Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Alvaro Pascual-Leone
- Division of Cognitive Neurology at the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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Nitric oxide up-regulates endothelial expression of angiotensin II type 2 receptors. Biochem Pharmacol 2016; 112:24-36. [PMID: 27235748 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2016.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Increasing vascular NO levels following up-regulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) is considered beneficial in cardiovascular disease. Whether such beneficial effects exerted by increased NO-levels include the vascular renin-angiotensin system remains elucidated. Exposure of endothelial cells originated from porcine aorta, mouse brain and human umbilical veins to different NO-donors showed that expression of the angiotensin-II-type-2-receptor (AT2) mRNA and protein is up-regulated by activation of soluble guanylyl cyclase, protein kinase G and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase without changing AT2 mRNA stability. In mice, endothelial-specific overexpression of eNOS stimulated, while chronic treatment with the NOS-blocker l-nitroarginine inhibited AT2 expression. The NO-induced AT2 up-regulation was associated with a profound inhibition of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)-activity. In endothelial cells this reduction of ACE-activity was reversed by either the AT2 antagonist PD 123119 or by inhibition of transcription with actinomycin D. Furthermore, in C57Bl/6 mice an acute i.v. bolus of l-nitroarginine did not change AT2-expression and ACE-activity suggesting that inhibition of ACE-activity by endogenous NO is crucially dependent on AT2 protein level. Likewise, three weeks of either voluntary or forced exercise training increased AT2 expression and reduced ACE-activity in C57Bl/6 but not in mice lacking eNOS suggesting significance of this signaling interaction for vascular physiology. Finally, aortic AT2 expression is about 5 times greater in female as compared to male C57Bl/6 and at the same time aortic ACE activity is reduced in females by more than 50%. Together these findings imply that endothelial NO regulates AT2 expression and that AT2 may regulate ACE-activity.
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Koolhaas CM, Dhana K, Golubic R, Schoufour JD, Hofman A, van Rooij FJA, Franco OH. Physical Activity Types and Coronary Heart Disease Risk in Middle-Aged and Elderly Persons: The Rotterdam Study. Am J Epidemiol 2016; 183:729-38. [PMID: 27022033 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwv244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical activity is associated with decreased risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). The specific physical activity types that provide beneficial effects in an older population remain unclear. We assessed the association of total physical activity, walking, cycling, domestic work, sports, and gardening with CHD by using Cox proportional hazard models among 5,901 participants aged >55 (median age, 67) years from the prospective population-based Rotterdam Study, enrolled between 1997 and 2001. Activities were categorized into tertiles, and the lowest tertiles were used as reference. In the multivariable model, we adjusted for age, sex, smoking, alcohol consumption, education, diet, and other physical activity types. During 15 years of follow-up (median, 10.3 (interquartile range, 8.0-11.8) years), 642 participants (10.9%) experienced a CHD event. In the multivariable model, the respective hazard ratios for the medium and high categories compared with the low category were 0.79 (95% confidence interval CI): 0.66, 0.96) and 0.71 (95% CI: 0.58, 0.87) for total physical activity, 0.76 (95% CI: 0.63, 0.92) and 0.70 (95% CI: 0.57, 0.88) for cycling, and 0.81 (95% CI: 0.66, 0.98) and 0.71 (95% CI: 0.56, 0.90) for domestic work. Walking, sports, and gardening were not associated with CHD. In conclusion, in this long-term follow-up study of older adults, domestic work and cycling were associated with reduced CHD risk. Physical activity should be promoted in this population with the aim to prevent CHD.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Health management or health promotion programs are limited, particularly for workers in small-sized industries. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to identify the 10-year cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk using the general Framingham Risk Score and examine predictors of CVD risk adjusted for age among male workers. METHODS Routine health screening data and self-reported questionnaires were collected from 12 933 male workers in 1041 industries from 2009 to 2011 in South Korea. RESULTS The proportion of high CVD risk (Framingham Risk Score >20%) was 7.1% (n = 919). Most (83.5%) subjects were manufacturing workers, engaged in manual labor, with a mean (SD) age of 42.1 (9.2) years (range, 30-70 years). Younger workers were more likely to smoke cigarettes, drink alcohol heavily, and be physically inactive. A logistic regression analysis showed that after adjusting for age, occupation type, body mass index, physical activity, and alcohol consumption were significant predictors of 10-year CVD risk. CONCLUSION To reduce CVD risk, education regarding lifestyle modification should be emphasized for small-sized industrial workers who are overweight, physically inactive, and heavy alcohol drinkers and who work as bus or taxi drivers. Careful attention is also needed for younger workers who are a latent risk group for the development of CVD.
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Showa S, Kitazawa K, Takeuchi M, Mori M. Influence of volunteer-led net step exercise class on older people's self-rated health in a depopulated town: A longitudinal study. SSM Popul Health 2016; 2:136-140. [PMID: 29349134 PMCID: PMC5757802 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2016.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Revised: 12/25/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In a depopulated region where population aging is advancing, it is necessary to establish a method so local residents themselves can be actively involved in older people’s health promotion. Net Step Exercise, a novel dual-task walking program, introduced residents to opportunities for physical activities and social participation without any health specialist support. In one depopulated town (Ikeda, Nakagawa-gun, Hokkaido, Japan), volunteer residents have held Net Step Exercise classes throughout the town since 2007. We longitudinally examined the influence of volunteer-led Net Step Exercise class participation on subsequent self-rated health in all individuals aged 70–79 years living in Ikeda. A total of 662 people who completed a baseline mail-in questionnaire survey in 2012 were followed until 2014. Logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the association with self-rated health after two years of class participation once a month or more at baseline, after controlling for confounds such as age, sex, years of education, living alone, baseline self-rated health, regular exercise, and other physical activities. The odds ratio of poor self-rated health in older people who participated in classes was 0.53 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.34–0.85) compared to older people not participating in classes. Even after confounding factors were adjusted, the odds ratio of class participation was 0.50 (95% CI: 0.29–0.85). This study showed that participation in volunteer-led Net Step Exercise might prevent poor self-rated health. Such Net Step Exercise classes are a feasible method for older people’s health promotion in depopulated municipalities. Local residents’ active involvement in older people’s health promotion is vital. NSE provides physical exercise, cognitive activity, and social participation. Older people in NSE class had significantly lower risk of poor self-rated health. The association held despite covariates for monthly class attendance or more. Local residents’ volunteer leading of NSE classes promotes health in older people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoko Showa
- Department of Public Health, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, S1, W17, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8556, Japan
| | | | - Miki Takeuchi
- Department of Public Health, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, S1, W17, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8556, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Mori
- Department of Public Health, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, S1, W17, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8556, Japan
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Aidar FJ, de Oliveira RJ, de Matos DG, Mazini Filho ML, Moreira OC, de Oliveira CEP, Hickner RC, Reis VM. A Randomized Trial Investigating the Influence of Strength Training on Quality of Life in Ischemic Stroke. Top Stroke Rehabil 2016; 23:84-9. [DOI: 10.1080/10749357.2015.1110307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Yamakita M, Kanamori S, Kondo N, Kondo K. Correlates of Regular Participation in Sports Groups among Japanese Older Adults: JAGES Cross-Sectional Study. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0141638. [PMID: 26512895 PMCID: PMC4626107 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0141638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Participation in a sports group is key for the prevention of incident functional disability. Little is known about the correlates of older adults’ participation in sports groups, although this could assist with the development of effective health strategies. The purpose of this study was to identify the demographic and biological, psychosocial, behavioral, social and cultural, and environmental correlates of sports group participation among Japanese older adults. Methods Data were obtained from the Japan Gerontological Evaluation study, which was a population–based cohort of people aged ≥65 years without disability enrolled from 31 municipalities across Japan (n = 78,002). Poisson regression analysis was used to determine the associations between the factors and participation in sports groups. Results Non-regular participation in sports groups was associated with lower educational level, being employed, and working the longest in the agricultural/forestry/fishery industry among the demographic and biological factors and poor self-rated health and depression among the psychosocial factors. Of the behavioral factors, current smoking was negatively associated and current drinking was positively associated with regular participation in sports groups. Among the social and cultural factors, having emotional social support and participating in hobby clubs, senior citizen clubs, or volunteer groups were associated with a high prevalence of participation in sports groups. Perceptions of the presence of parks or sidewalks, good access to shops, and good accessibility to facilities were positively associated with participation in sports groups among the environmental factors. Conclusions Our study suggests that the promotion of activities that could increase older adults’ participation in sports groups should consider a broad range of demographic and biological, psychosocial, behavioral, social and cultural, and environmental factors. Although future longitudinal studies to elucidate the causal associations are needed, encouraging participation in community groups through social networks might be effective for participation in sports groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuya Yamakita
- College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Kitasato University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Satoru Kanamori
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan; Human Resource Management Department, ITOCHU Techno-Solutions Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoki Kondo
- Departments of Health and Social Behavior/Health Education and Health Sociology, School of Public Health, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsunori Kondo
- Center for Preventive Medical Science, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan; Center for Well-being and Society, Nihon Fukushi University, Aichi, Japan
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Zhao W, Ukawa S, Kawamura T, Wakai K, Ando M, Tsushita K, Tamakoshi A. Health Benefits of Daily Walking on Mortality Among Younger-Elderly Men With or Without Major Critical Diseases in the New Integrated Suburban Seniority Investigation Project: A Prospective Cohort Study. J Epidemiol 2015; 25:609-16. [PMID: 26155815 PMCID: PMC4626390 DOI: 10.2188/jea.je20140190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Regular physical activity contributes to the prevention of cancer, cardiovascular disease, and other chronic diseases. However, the frequency of physical activity often declines with age, particularly among the elderly. Thus, we investigated the effects of daily walking on mortality among younger-elderly men (65–74 years) with or without major critical diseases (heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, or cancer). Methods We assessed 1239 community-dwelling men aged 64/65 years from the New Integrated Suburban Seniority Investigation Project. We estimated hazard ratios (HRs) of all-cause mortality and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) according to daily walking duration and adjusted for potential confounders, including survey year, marital status, work status, education, smoking and drinking status, BMI, regular exercise, regular sports, sleeping time, medical status, disease history, and functional capacity. Results For men without critical diseases, mortality risk declined linearly with increased walking time after adjustment for confounders (Ptrend = 0.018). Walking ≥2 hours/day was significantly associated with lower all-cause mortality (HR 0.49; 95% CI, 0.27–0.90). For men with critical diseases, walking 1–2 hours/day showed a protective effect on mortality compared with walking <0.5 hours/day after adjustment for confounders (HR 0.29; 95% CI, 0.06–1.20). Walking ≥2 hours/day showed no benefit on mortality in men with critical diseases, even after adjustment for confounders. Conclusions Different duration of daily walking was associated with decreased mortality for younger-elderly men with or without critical diseases, independent of sociodemographic and lifestyle factors, BMI, medical status, disease history, and functional capacity. Incorporating regular walking into daily lives of younger-elderly men may improve longevity and successful aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Zhao
- Department of Public Health, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine
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Sense of coherence is significantly associated with both metabolic syndrome and lifestyle in Japanese computer software office workers. Int J Occup Med Environ Health 2015; 27:967-79. [PMID: 25556337 DOI: 10.2478/s13382-014-0322-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Accepted: 07/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Sense of coherence (SOC) is an individual characteristic related to a positive life orientation, leading to effective coping. Little is known about the relationship between SOC and metabolic syndrome (MetS). This cross-sectional study aimed at testing the hypothesis that workers with a strong SOC have fewer atherosclerotic risk factors, including MetS, and healthier lifestyle behaviors. MATERIAL AND METHODS One hundred and sixty-seven computer software workers aged 20-64 years underwent a periodical health examination including assessment of body mass index, waist circumference, blood pressure, blood lipid levels, fasting blood sugar (FBS) levels and lifestyle behaviors (walking duration, smoking status, nutrition, alcohol consumption, and sleep duration). During this period, the participants also completed a 29-item questionnaire of SOC and the Brief Job Stress Questionnaire to assess job stressors such as job strain and workplace social support. RESULTS Our results showed that the participants with a stronger SOC were likely to walk for at least 1 h a day, to eat slowly or at a moderate speed, and to sleep for at least 6 h. Compared with the participants with the weakest SOC, those with the strongest SOC had a significantly lower odds ratio (OR) for being overweight (OR = 0.31; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.11-0.81), and having higher FBS levels (OR = 0.11; 95% CI: 0.02-0.54), dyslipidemia (OR = 0.29; 95% CI: 0.09-0.84), and MetS (OR = 0.12; 95% CI: 0.02-0.63), even after adjusting for age, gender and job stressors. CONCLUSIONS High SOC is associated with a healthy lifestyle and fewer atherosclerotic risk factors, including MetS.
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Kanamori S, Takamiya T, Inoue S. Group exercise for adults and elderly: Determinants of participation in group exercise and its associations with health outcome. JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL FITNESS AND SPORTS MEDICINE 2015. [DOI: 10.7600/jpfsm.4.315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Kanamori
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Tokyo Medical University
- Human Resource Management Department, ITOCHU Techno-Solutions Corporation
| | - Tomoko Takamiya
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Tokyo Medical University
| | - Shigeru Inoue
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Tokyo Medical University
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Aidar FJ, de Matos DG, de Oliveira RJ, Carneiro AL, Cabral BGDAT, Dantas PMS, Reis VM. Relationship between Depression and Strength Training in Survivors of the Ischemic Stroke. J Hum Kinet 2014; 43:7-15. [PMID: 25713639 PMCID: PMC4332168 DOI: 10.2478/hukin-2014-0084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The Cerebral Vascular Accident is responsible for a significant increase in the mortality rate in individuals who have suffered this condition, regardless of the level of subsequent disability. This study aimed to analyze the influence of a strength training program on indicators of depression in survivors of the ischemic stroke. The study sample included subjects from both genders who were divided into two groups: an experimental group (EG) consisting of 11 subjects aged 51.7 8.0 years, and a control group (CG) consisting of 13 subjects aged 52.5 7.7 years. The EG underwent 12 weeks of strength training. Assessment was made in the pre-test before training and at the re-test after 12 weeks of training. We used the Beck Depression Inventory and evaluated 1RM. Significant differences in depression were found between post-test and pretest measurements (Δ% = -21.47%, p = 0,021) in the EG; furthermore, there were significant differences in all indicators of depression between the EG and CG after completing 12 weeks of training. There were significant gains in strength of the EG in relation to the CG. There was a negative correlation between the strength gains as determined with the 1RM test and the levels of depression, especially in lower-limb exercises. The results of this study suggest that improvements in strength are negatively correlated with levels of depression. Improvements in strength are therefore associated with a reduction in levels of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe José Aidar
- Department of Sports Science, Exercise and Health of the Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro University, Vila Real, Portugal
- Fire Brigade of Minas Gerais, 5th Battalion Fire Military Fire Brigade of the State of Minas Gerais, New Horizons Program, Uberlandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Department of Research in Sport, Health and Human Development - CIDESD, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Dihogo Gama de Matos
- Department of Sports Science, Exercise and Health of the Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro University, Vila Real, Portugal
| | | | - André Luiz Carneiro
- Department of Sports Science, Exercise and Health of the Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro University, Vila Real, Portugal
- Department of Research in Sport, Health and Human Development - CIDESD, Vila Real, Portugal
- State University at Montes Claros (UNIMONTES), Montes Claros, Brazil
| | | | - Paulo Moreira Silva Dantas
- Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Graduate Program in Physical Education – PPGEF, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Victor Machado Reis
- Department of Sports Science, Exercise and Health of the Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro University, Vila Real, Portugal
- Department of Research in Sport, Health and Human Development - CIDESD, Vila Real, Portugal
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Factors associated with falls in community-dwelling older people with focus on participation in sport organizations: the Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study Project. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:537614. [PMID: 24955360 PMCID: PMC4052782 DOI: 10.1155/2014/537614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Accepted: 04/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objective. Promoting participation in sport organizations may be a population strategy for preventing falls in older people. In this study, we examined whether participation in sport organizations is associated with fewer falls in older people even after adjusting for multiple individual and environmental factors. Methods. We used the Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study data of 90,610 people (31 municipalities) who were not eligible for public long-term care. Logistic regression analysis was performed, with multiple falls over the past year as the dependent variable and participation in a sport organization as the independent variable, controlling for 13 factors. These included individual factors related to falls, such as age and sex, and environmental factors such as population density of the habitable area. Results. A total of 6,391 subjects (7.1%) had a history of multiple falls. Despite controlling for 13 variables, those who participated in a sport organization at least once a week were approximately ≥20% less likely to fall than those who did not participate at all (once a week; odds ratio = 0.82 and 95% confidence interval = 0.72–0.95). Conclusion. Participation in a sport organization at least once per week might help prevent falls in the community-dwelling older people.
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Eguchi E, Iso H, Tanabe N, Yatsuya H, Tamakoshi A. Is the association between healthy lifestyle behaviors and cardiovascular mortality modified by overweight status? The Japan Collaborative Cohort Study. Prev Med 2014; 62:142-7. [PMID: 24491467 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2013.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2013] [Revised: 11/22/2013] [Accepted: 12/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the modifying effects of overweight status on the association of healthy lifestyle behaviors with cardiovascular mortality in the Japanese population. METHODS A community-based, prospective cohort of 18,730 men and 24,216 women aged 40-79 years without a history of cardiovascular disease (CVD) or cancer at baseline (1988-1990) was followed until 2009. Healthy lifestyle behaviors included intake of fruits, fish, and milk; exercise; avoidance of smoking; moderate alcohol intake; and moderate sleep duration. RESULTS During the median of 19.3 years of follow-up, there were 2412 deaths from total CVD. Inverse associations between healthy lifestyle scores and mortality from stroke, total CVD, and coronary heart disease (CHD) were observed for non-overweight and overweight (body mass index ≥25 kg/m2) individuals, although the association was weaker for overweight individuals. The multivariable hazard ratios (HRs, 95% confidence interval) of mortality from total CVD for the highest (6-7) versus the lowest (0-2) scores were 0.44 (0.37-0.54) for non-overweight and 0.56 (0.39-0.81) for overweight individuals. Especially for CHD mortality, such association was more evident for non-overweight compared to that for overweight individuals. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that lifestyle modification may be beneficial in the prevention of cardiovascular mortality for persons who are and are not overweight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eri Eguchi
- Department of Public Health, Social Medicine and Medical Informatics, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Iso
- Public Health, Department of Social and Environmental Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Naohito Tanabe
- Division of Health Promotion, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yatsuya
- Department of Public Health, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Akiko Tamakoshi
- Department of Public Health, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
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Prins RG, Pierik F, Etman A, Sterkenburg RP, Kamphuis CBM, van Lenthe FJ. How many walking and cycling trips made by elderly are beyond commonly used buffer sizes: results from a GPS study. Health Place 2014; 27:127-33. [PMID: 24603010 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2014.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2013] [Revised: 01/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/29/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
In choosing appropriate buffer sizes to study environmental influences on physical activity, studies are hampered by insufficient insight into the distance elderly travel actively. This study aims at getting insight into the number of trips walked and cycled within various buffer sizes using GPS measures. Data were obtained from the Elderly And their Neighborhood study (Spijkenisse, the Netherlands (2011-2012)). Trip length and mode of transport were derived from the GPS data (N=120; total number of trips=337). Distance decay functions were fitted to estimate the percentage of trips to grocery stores within commonly used buffer sizes. Fifty percent of the trips walked had a distance of at least 729m; for trips cycled this was 1665m. Elderly aged under 75 years and those with functional limitations walked and cycled shorter distances than those over 75 years and those without functional limitations. Males cycled shorter distances than females. Distance decay functions may aid the selection of appropriate buffer sizes, which may be tailored to individual characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- R G Prins
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - F Pierik
- Department of Urban Environment and Safety, TNO, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - A Etman
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - R P Sterkenburg
- Department of Urban Environment and Safety, TNO, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - C B M Kamphuis
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - F J van Lenthe
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Gill JM, Celis-Morales CA, Ghouri N. Physical activity, ethnicity and cardio-metabolic health: Does one size fit all? Atherosclerosis 2014; 232:319-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2013.11.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Revised: 11/07/2013] [Accepted: 11/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Teramoto T, Sasaki J, Ishibashi S, Birou S, Daida H, Dohi S, Egusa G, Hiro T, Hirobe K, Iida M, Kihara S, Kinoshita M, Maruyama C, Ohta T, Okamura T, Yamashita S, Yokode M, Yokote K. Women. J Atheroscler Thromb 2014; 21:291-5. [DOI: 10.5551/jat.19711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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