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Guleken Z, Ceylan Z, Çeçen S, Elgörmüş Y, Cebulski J, Depciuch J. Quantitative or qualitative biomolecular changes in blood serum composition induced by childhood obesity: A Fourier transform infrared examination. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 313:124153. [PMID: 38492465 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.124153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Childhood obesity (CO) negatively affects one in three children and stands as the fourth most common risk factor of health and well-being. Clarifying the molecular and structural modifications that transpire during the development of obesity is crucial for understanding its progression and devising effective therapies. The study was indeed conducted as part of an ongoing CO treatment trial, where data were collected from children diagnosed with CO before the initiation of non-drug treatment interventions. Our primary aim was to analyze the biochemical changes associated with childhood obesity, specifically focusing on concentrations of lipids, lipoproteins, insulin, and glucose. By comparing these parameters between the CO group (n = 60) and a control group of healthy children (n = 43), we sought to elucidate the metabolic differences present in individuals with CO. Our biochemical analyses unveiled lower LDL (low-density lipoproteins) levels and higher HDL (high-density lipoproteins), cholesterol, triglycerides, insulin, and glucose levels in CO individuals compared to controls. To scrutinize these changes in more detail, we employed Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy on the serum samples. Our results indicated elevated levels of lipids and proteins in the serum of CO, compared to controls. Additionally, we noted structural changes in the vibrations of glucose, β-sheet, and lipids in CO group. The FTIR technique, coupled with principal component analysis (PCA), demonstrated a marked differentiation between CO and controls, particularly in the FTIR region corresponding to amide and lipids. The Pearson test revealed a stronger correlation between biochemical data and FTIR spectra than between 2nd derivative FTIR spectra. Overall, our study provides valuable insights into the molecular and structural changes occurring in CO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zozan Guleken
- Gaziantep University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Zeynep Ceylan
- Samsun University, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Industrial Engineering, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Serpil Çeçen
- Health Science University, Hamidiye Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Elgörmüş
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, İstanbul Atlas University Medicine Hospital, İstanbul 34408, Turkey
| | - Jozef Cebulski
- Institute of Physics, University of Rzeszow, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Joanna Depciuch
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin 20-093, Poland; Institute of Nuclear Physics, PAS, 31342 Krakow, Poland.
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Tester JM, Xiao L, Chau CA, Tinajero-Deck L, Srinivasan S, Rosas LG. Greater Improvement in Obesity Among Children With Prediabetes in a Clinical Weight Management Program. Child Obes 2024; 20:262-269. [PMID: 37347933 PMCID: PMC11238840 DOI: 10.1089/chi.2022.0234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Background: There is a range of responses among individuals seen for medical management of their obesity. This retrospective analysis of longitudinal data considers the relationship between identified prediabetes and subsequent weight change among children (8-17 years) in a weight management clinic. Methods: Analysis included 733 patients (2687 visits in 2008-2016) with overweight and obesity (but not diabetes) whose referral laboratories included a hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) within 90 days. Mixed-effects modeling examined the association between baseline prediabetes (serum HbA1c 5.7%-6.4%) and growth curve of percentage of the 95th percentile for BMI (%BMIp95). Random effects (individual growth curves) and fixed effects (prediabetes status, starting age and %BMIp95, sex, race/ethnicity, and linear slope and quadratic term of months since the initial visit) were modeled. Interactions between prediabetes and elapsed time estimated the influence of a recent prediabetic-range HbA1c on weight during the subsequent 12 months. Results: Mean %BMIp95 was 125.5% (SD 22.5), corresponding to severe obesity, and 35% had prediabetes. Adjusted monthly decrease in %BMIp95 was stronger for children with prediabetes compared with the peers in this clinic (slope: -0.62, standard error 0.10, p < 0.001). Conclusion: There was greater weight improvement among children with prediabetes compared with their peers with normal HbA1c.
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Affiliation(s)
- June M Tester
- Department of Pediatrics, UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital Oakland, Oakland, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Lan Xiao
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Courtney A Chau
- Department of Nutritional science, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Lydia Tinajero-Deck
- Department of Pediatrics, UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital Oakland, Oakland, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Shylaja Srinivasan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Lisa G Rosas
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
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Stough CO, Rabin J, Gates T, Garr K, Combs A, Edwards ZT, Summer SS, Woo JG, Folger AT, Ammerman RT, Nuñez M, Berndsen J, Clark MJ, Frey JR, Vaughn LM. Infant Obesity Prevention Programs for Underrepresented Mothers in a Home Visiting Program: A Qualitative and Community-Engaged Needs Assessment. COMMUNITY HEALTH EQUITY RESEARCH & POLICY 2024; 44:265-279. [PMID: 37202859 PMCID: PMC10983836 DOI: 10.1177/2752535x231176730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
A qualitative, community-engaged assessment was conducted to identify needs and priorities for infant obesity prevention programs among mothers participating in home visiting programs. Thirty-two stakeholders (i.e., community partners, mothers, home visitors) affiliated with a home visiting program serving low-income families during the prenatal to age three period participated in group level assessment sessions or individual qualitative interviews. Results indicated families face many challenges to obesity prevention particularly in terms of healthy eating. An obesity prevention program can address these challenges by offering realistic feeding options and non-judgmental peer support, improving access to resources, and tailoring program content to individual family needs and preferences. Informational needs, family factors in healthy eating outcomes, and the importance of access and awareness of programs were also noted. To ensure the cultural- and contextual-relevance of infant obesity prevention programs for underserved populations, needs and preferences among community stakeholders and the focal population should be used as a roadmap for intervention development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Julia Rabin
- Department of Psychology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Taylor Gates
- Department of Psychology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Katlyn Garr
- Department of Psychology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Angela Combs
- Department of Psychology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH
| | | | - Suzanne S. Summer
- Schubert Research Clinic, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center
| | - Jessica G. Woo
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH
- Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Alonzo T. Folger
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH
- Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
- Every Child Succeeds, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Robert T. Ammerman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH
- Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
- Every Child Succeeds, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Miguel Nuñez
- Department of Psychology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Jennifer Berndsen
- Every Child Succeeds, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Margaret J. Clark
- Every Child Succeeds, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Jennifer R. Frey
- Every Child Succeeds, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
- Division of General and Community Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Lisa M. Vaughn
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
- Educational and Community-Based Action Research, University of Cincinnati College of Education, Criminal Justice & Human Services, Cincinnati, OH
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Tong Z, Zhang H, Yu J, Jia X, Hou X, Kong Z. Spatial-temporal evolution of overweight and obesity among Chinese adolescents from 2016 to 2020. iScience 2024; 27:108742. [PMID: 38230263 PMCID: PMC10790006 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
This study examines the spatial-temporal evolution of overweight and obesity among Chinese adolescents aged 14-17. Data from five national surveys conducted between 2016 and 2020 were analyzed to determine distribution patterns and trends. Results showed that overweight and obesity exhibit spatial clustering, with greater severity in the north and less severity in the south. The issue has spread from the northeast to the southwest of Mainland China. Using a local autocorrelation model, the regions were divided into a northern disease cold spot area (Inner Mongolia) and a southern disease hot spot area (Guangxi). Over the past five years, overweight rates among Chinese adolescents have not been effectively curbed, but obesity has shown some success in control and reversal until 2019. Future efforts should focus on the spatial-temporal pattern of disease spread, targeting hotspot areas and abnormal values for regional synergy and precise prevention and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihan Tong
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Physical Fitness, Ministry of Education, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Hanyue Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Physical Fitness, Ministry of Education, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
- Institute of Physical Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Jingjing Yu
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Physical Fitness, Ministry of Education, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiao Jia
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Physical Fitness, Ministry of Education, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiao Hou
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Physical Fitness, Ministry of Education, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
- School of Sport Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zhenxing Kong
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Physical Fitness, Ministry of Education, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
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Gong J, Zhang Q, Hu R, Yang X, Fang C, Yao L, Lv J, Wang L, Shi M, Zhang W, Ma S, Xiang H, Zhang H, Hou DX, Yin Y, He J, Peng L, Wu S. Effects of Prevotella copri on insulin, gut microbiota and bile acids. Gut Microbes 2024; 16:2340487. [PMID: 38626129 PMCID: PMC11028016 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2024.2340487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity is becoming a major global health problem in children that can cause diseases such as type 2 diabetes and metabolic disorders, which are closely related to the gut microbiota. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. In this study, a significant positive correlation was observed between Prevotella copri (P. copri) and obesity in children (p = 0.003). Next, the effect of P. copri on obesity was explored by using fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) experiment. Transplantation of P. copri. increased serum levels of fasting blood glucose (p < 0.01), insulin (p < 0.01) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) (p < 0.05) in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice, but not in normal mice. Characterization of the gut microbiota indicated that P. copri reduced the relative abundance of the Akkermansia genus in mice (p < 0.01). Further analysis on bile acids (BAs) revealed that P. copri increased the primary BAs and ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) in HFD-induced mice (p < 0.05). This study demonstrated for the first time that P. copri has a significant positive correlation with obesity in children, and can increase fasting blood glucose and insulin levels in HFD-fed obese mice, which are related to the abundance of Akkermansia genus and bile acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiatai Gong
- Hunan Collaborative Innovation Center for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Qianjin Zhang
- Hunan Collaborative Innovation Center for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Ruizhi Hu
- Hunan Collaborative Innovation Center for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Xizi Yang
- Hunan Collaborative Innovation Center for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Chengkun Fang
- Hunan Collaborative Innovation Center for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Liping Yao
- Hunan Collaborative Innovation Center for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Jing Lv
- Hunan Collaborative Innovation Center for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Long Wang
- Hunan Collaborative Innovation Center for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Mingkun Shi
- Hunan Collaborative Innovation Center for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Wentao Zhang
- Hunan Collaborative Innovation Center for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Siqi Ma
- Hunan Collaborative Innovation Center for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Hongkun Xiang
- Hunan Collaborative Innovation Center for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Hongfu Zhang
- Hunan Collaborative Innovation Center for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - De-Xing Hou
- Hunan Collaborative Innovation Center for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University, Korimoto, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Yulong Yin
- Hunan Collaborative Innovation Center for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Jianhua He
- Hunan Collaborative Innovation Center for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Lijun Peng
- Children’s Healthcare Institute, The Affiliated Children’s Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University (Hunan Children’s Hospital), Changsha, China
| | - Shusong Wu
- Hunan Collaborative Innovation Center for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
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Monteith H, Mamakeesick M, Rae J, Galloway T, Harris SB, Birken C, Hamilton J, Maguire JL, Parkin P, Zinman B, Hanley AJG. Determinants of Anishinabeck infant and early childhood growth trajectories in Northwestern Ontario, Canada: a cohort study. BMC Pediatr 2023; 23:641. [PMID: 38115010 PMCID: PMC10729431 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-023-04449-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD) paradigm emphasizes the significance of early life factors for the prevention of chronic health conditions, like type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and obesity, which disproportionately affect First Nations communities in Canada. Despite increasing DOHaD research related to maternal health during pregnancy, early childhood growth patterns, and infant feeding practices with many populations, data from First Nations communities in Canada are limited. In partnership with Sandy Lake First Nation, the aims of this project were to characterize birthweights and growth patterns of First Nations infants/children over the first 6 years of life and to study the impact of maternal and infant social and behavioral factors on birthweight and growth trajectories. METHODS We recruited 194 families through community announcements and clinic visits. Infant/child length/height and weight were measured at 1 and 2 weeks; 1, 2, 6, 12, and 18 months; and 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 years. Maternal and infant/child questionnaires captured data about health, nutrition, and social support. Weight-for-Age z-score (WAZ), Height-for-Age z-score (HAZ), and BMI-for-Age z-score (BAZ) were calculated using WHO reference standards and trajectories were analyzed using generalized additive models. Generalized estimating equations and logistic regression were used to determine associations between exposures and outcomes. RESULTS WAZ and BAZ were above the WHO mean and increased with age until age 6 years. Generalized estimating equations indicated that WAZ was positively associated with age (0.152; 95% CI 0.014, 0.29), HAZ was positively associated with birthweight (0.155; 95% CI 0.035, 0.275), and BAZ was positively associated with caregiver's BMI (0.049; 95% CI 0.004, 0.090). There was an increased odds of rapid weight gain (RWG) with exposure to gestational diabetes (OR: 7.47, 95% CI 1.68, 46.22). Almost 70% of parents initiated breastfeeding, and breastfeeding initiation was modestly associated with lower WAZ (-0.18; 95% CI -0.64, 0.28) and BAZ (-0.23; 95% CI -0.79, 0.34). CONCLUSIONS This work highlights early life factors that may contribute to T2DM etiology and can be used to support community and Indigenous-led prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiliary Monteith
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, University of Toronto Medical Sciences Building, 5Th Floor, Room 5253A, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | | | - Joan Rae
- Sandy Lake First Nation, Sandy Lake, ON, P0V 1V0, Canada
| | - Tracey Galloway
- Department of Anthropology, University of Toronto Mississauga Campus, Terrence Donnelly Health Sciences Complex, Room 354, 3359 Mississauga Rd, Mississauga, ON, L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - Stewart B Harris
- Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western Centre for Public Health & Family Medicine, Western University, 1465 Richmond St, London, N6G 2M1, ON, Canada
| | - Catherine Birken
- Department of Pediatrics, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, University of Toronto Medical Sciences Building, 5Th Floor, Room 5271, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Jill Hamilton
- Division of Endocrinology, Hospital for Sick Children, Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, 555 University Ave, Toronto, ON, M5S 1X8, Canada
| | - Jonathon L Maguire
- Department of Pediatrics, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, University of Toronto Medical Sciences Building, 5Th Floor, Room 5271, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Patricia Parkin
- Department of Pediatrics, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, University of Toronto Medical Sciences Building, 5Th Floor, Room 5271, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Bernard Zinman
- Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, 600 University Ave, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Anthony J G Hanley
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, University of Toronto Medical Sciences Building, 5Th Floor, Room 5253A, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada.
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Zhang Y, Wu Y, Fei X, Li Y, Li Y, Yan X. Effects of Aerobic Exercise on Serum Adiponectin Concentrations in Children and Adolescents with Obesity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1772. [PMID: 37629629 PMCID: PMC10455154 DOI: 10.3390/life13081772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Serum adiponectin plays a vital role in various physiological processes, such as anti-inflammatory, anti-atherosclerotic, anti-apoptotic and pro-angiogenic activities. Any abnormalities in its concentration can lead to adverse health outcomes, particularly in children and adolescents. Therefore, it is crucial to investigate factors influencing serum adiponectin concentrations in this population. The primary objective of this study was to systematically evaluate the impact of aerobic exercise on serum adiponectin concentrations in children and adolescents with obesity. To achieve this, a comprehensive literature search was conducted up to January 2023, utilising five databases: PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library and Clinicaltrial.gov. The inclusion criteria involved studies that focused solely on aerobic exercise as an intervention for children and adolescents with obesity. Only studies that reported outcome indicators related to serum adiponectin were considered for analysis. The quality of the included studies was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias (ROB) assessment tool, and statistical analysis was performed using RevMan 5.4.1 analysis software. This meta-analysis incorporated data from eight trials, involving a total of 272 subjects. The results demonstrated that aerobic training significantly increased serum adiponectin concentrations [standardized mean difference (SMD) = 0.85; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.33 to 1.37; I2 = 0%; p = 0.001] in children and adolescents with obesity when compared to non-exercise controls. Furthermore, the magnitude of this effect appears to be influenced by the intensity of aerobic exercise, with higher-intensity aerobic exercise resulting in greater increases in serum adiponectin concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunqing Zhang
- China Basketball College, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China;
| | - Yigao Wu
- China Institute of Sports and Health Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China; (Y.W.); (Y.L.)
| | - Xueyin Fei
- Sport Science School, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China;
| | - Yixuan Li
- China Institute of Sports and Health Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China; (Y.W.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yanchun Li
- China Institute of Sports and Health Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China; (Y.W.); (Y.L.)
| | - Xu Yan
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne 3011, Australia
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science, Melbourne 3021, Australia
- Department of Medicine-Western Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3021, Australia
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Silva TPRD, Matozinhos FP, Guedes GR, Gratão LHA, Silva ADC, Vilela LA, Oliveira TRPRD, Grillo CDFC, Mendes LL. The association between multiple cardiovascular risk factors and overweight in Brazilian adolescents: an analysis based on the grade of membership. CIENCIA & SAUDE COLETIVA 2023; 28:1937-1948. [PMID: 37436308 DOI: 10.1590/1413-81232023287.17402022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the current research is to analyze the coexistence of modifiable risk behaviors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) in 12-to-17-year-old adolescents living in Brazil and their influence on overweight. National, cross-sectional, school-based epidemiological study focused on estimating the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors and metabolic syndrome in 12 to 17 year old adolescents enrolled in public and private schools in Brazilian counties accounting for more than 100 thousand inhabitants. The grade of membership method was used to identify the coexistence of risk factors among adolescents. The analytical sample comprised 71,552 adolescents. According to the two herein generated profiles, adolescents classified under Profile 2 have shown behaviors such as smoking, alcohol consumption and diet rich in Ultra-processed food intake ≥ 80% of the percentage of total caloric value. In addition, adolescents presenting CVD risk profile have shown increased likelihood of being overweight. The study has found coexistence of risk factors for CVD in Brazilian adolescents, with emphasis on tobacco smoking and alcoholic beverage intake. In addition, it heads towards the analysis of the association between CVD risk factors and health outcomes, such as overweight.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fernanda Penido Matozinhos
- Departamento de Enfermagem Materno-Infantil e Saúde Pública, Escola de Enfermagem, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Belo Horizonte MG Brasil
| | - Gilvan Ramalho Guedes
- Departamento de Demografia, Centro de Desenvolvimento e Planejamento Regional, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Belo Horizonte MG Brasil
| | | | - Ariene do Carmo Silva
- Grupo de Estudos, Pesquisas e Práticas em Ambiente Alimentar e Saúde, Escola de Enfermagem, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Belo Horizonte MG Brasil
| | - Luisa Arantes Vilela
- Departamento de Nutrição, Escola de Enfermagem, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Av. Professor Alfredo Balena 190, 324, Santa Efigênia. 30130-100 Belo Horizonte MG Brasil.
| | | | | | - Larissa Loures Mendes
- Departamento de Nutrição, Escola de Enfermagem, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Av. Professor Alfredo Balena 190, 324, Santa Efigênia. 30130-100 Belo Horizonte MG Brasil.
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Huang W, Meir AY, Olapeju B, Wang G, Hong X, Venkataramani M, Cheng TL, Igusa T, Liang L, Wang X. Defining longitudinal trajectory of body mass index percentile and predicting childhood obesity: methodologies and findings in the Boston Birth Cohort. PRECISION NUTRITION 2023; 2:e00037. [PMID: 37745028 PMCID: PMC10513013 DOI: 10.1097/pn9.0000000000000037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Background Overweight or obesity (OWO) in school-age childhood tends to persist into adulthood. This study aims to address a critical need for early identification of children at high risk of developing OWO by defining and analyzing longitudinal trajectories of body mass index percentile (BMIPCT) during early developmental windows. Methods We included 3029 children from the Boston Birth Cohort (BBC) with repeated BMI measurements from birth to age 18 years. We applied locally weighted scatterplot smoothing with a time-limit scheme and predefined rules for imputation of missing data. We then used time-series K-means cluster analysis and latent class growth analysis to define longitudinal trajectories of BMIPCT from infancy up to age 18 years. Then, we investigated early life determinants of the BMI trajectories. Finally, we compared whether using early BMIPCT trajectories performs better than BMIPCT at a given age for predicting future risk of OWO. Results After imputation, the percentage of missing data ratio decreased from 36.0% to 10.1%. We identified four BMIPCT longitudinal trajectories: early onset OWO; late onset OWO; normal stable; and low stable. Maternal OWO, smoking, and preterm birth were identified as important determinants of the two OWO trajectories. Our predictive models showed that BMIPCT trajectories in early childhood (birth to age 1 or 2 years) were more predictive of childhood OWO (age 5-10 years) than a single BMIPCT at age 1 or 2 years. Conclusions Using longitudinal BMIPCT data from birth to age 18 years, this study identified distinct BMIPCT trajectories, examined early life determinants of these trajectories, and demonstrated their advantages in predicting childhood risk of OWO over BMIPCT at a single time point.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanyu Huang
- Department of Civil and Systems Engineering, Johns Hopkins University Whiting School of Engineering, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Anat Yaskolka Meir
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bolanle Olapeju
- School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Guoying Wang
- Center on Early Life Origins of Disease, Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Xiumei Hong
- Center on Early Life Origins of Disease, Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Maya Venkataramani
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Tina L. Cheng
- Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center and Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Tak Igusa
- Department of Civil and Systems Engineering, Johns Hopkins University Whiting School of Engineering, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Liming Liang
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xiaobin Wang
- Center on Early Life Origins of Disease, Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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10
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A Systematic Review of Behavioral Interventions on Children at Risk for Diabetes. Am J Prev Med 2023; 64:902-909. [PMID: 36805371 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2023.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In adults, behavioral-based interventions support prevention of Type 2 diabetes; less is known in children. The aim of this systematic review was to examine the impact of behavioral-based interventions on cardiometabolic outcomes among children at risk for diabetes. METHODS PubMed, CINAHL Plus with Full Text, PsycINFO, and Web of Science were searched between September 2011 and September 2021. RCTs in children aged 6-12 years at risk for Type 2 diabetes that implemented a behavioral-based intervention and included ≥1 cardiometabolic outcome were eligible. If reported, dietary quality data were extracted. Risk of bias was assessed using the revised Cochrane risk-of-bias tool. RESULTS Of the 2,386 records identified, 4 met the inclusion criteria. Study length ranged from 10 weeks to 24 months, with sample sizes ranging from 53 to 113 participants. Among the 4 studies, there were 5 behavioral-based arms. All studies included weight status outcomes, with 3 finding significant between-group differences. Four studies assessed fasting glucose, and 3 assessed HbA1c; none found significant changes between groups. Of the 4 studies reporting blood pressure outcomes, 1 found a significant between-group difference for systolic blood pressure. Three studies assessed cholesterol and found no changes. No studies reported measures of dietary quality. All studies had some concerns about risk of bias. DISCUSSION Behavioral-based interventions improved weight status and supported the maintenance of cardiometabolic parameters. Stronger consideration of the most important risk factors in children along with intermediate outcomes (e.g., diet quality) may help to elucidate the relationship between behavioral-based interventions and cardiometabolic outcomes.
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11
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Children and adolescents with diabetes at Tygerberg Hospital – at risk of cardiovascular complications? SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF CHILD HEALTH 2022. [DOI: 10.7196/sajch.2022.v16i4.1862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. In South Africa, the prevalence of dyslipidaemia and hypertension (HT) in paediatric diabetes patients is unknown. Objectives. To determine the prevalence of dyslipidaemia and HT in paediatric diabetic patients seen at Tygerberg Hospital (TBH) and establish whether either is associated with body mass index (BMI), glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) or duration of diabetes. Further, to determine whether the prevalence differs between two specified periods.Methods. A retrospective study of 154 diabetic patients, aged 1 - 19 years, seen at TBH between 2007 and 2017, was undertaken. The following data were recorded: age; sex; duration of disease (time since diagnosis); height; weight; blood pressure; HbA1c; high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C); triglycerides (TG); and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C).Results. More than half of the patients (57.8%; n=89/154; 95% confidence interval (CI) 51.7 - 65.0) had dyslipidaemia, 16.3% (n=24/147) had low HDL-C levels, 53.8% (n=78/145) had high LDL-C levels and 14.9% (n=22/148) had raised TG levels. Nearly half of the patients (48.7%; n=75/154; 95% CI 41.6 - 55.1) were hypertensive and 93.5% (n=144/154) were poorly controlled (HbA1c >7.5%). Dyslipidaemia was not associated with HT or BMI percentile and its prevalence did not change between the two specified periods. Prevalence of dyslipidaemia and HT was not associated with duration of diabetes. About one-third (30.8% (n=4/13); 95% CI 11.9 - 59.3) of the pre-adolescents and 60.3% (n=85/141; 95% CI 51.9 - 68.1) of the adolescents had dyslipidaemia (p=0.04). Dyslipidaemia was diagnosed in 62.6% (n=82/131) of adolescents with poorly controlled diabetes (p=0.04) and in 71.7% (95% CI 59.0 - 81.7) of patients ≥16 years of age (p=0.005).Conclusions. Poor glycaemic control, dyslipidaemia and HT are common in diabetic children, putting them at risk of cardiovascular complications in adulthood.
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12
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Delbosq S, Velasco V, Vercesi C, Vecchio LP. Adolescents' Nutrition: The Role of Health Literacy, Family and Socio-Demographic Variables. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:15719. [PMID: 36497794 PMCID: PMC9736019 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192315719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Adolescent obesity rates are increasing on an epidemic level and food intake is one of the most important causes of this condition. From an ecological perspective, food intake is, in turn, influenced by many factors that need to be considered. This study aims to evaluate the associations between socio-demographic factors (gender, family origin, socio-economic status, parent's education level), which consist of social stratifiers, health literacy and family context, as independent variables, and food intake (consumption of fruits, vegetables, soft drinks and sweets and breakfast frequency) and outcomes (Body Mass Index category), as dependent variables. Data were retrieved from 2145 students (13 and 15 years old) from the Lombardy region (Italy) who participated in the 2018 edition of Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children (HBSC). Six multiple binary logistic regression models were used in this study. Fruit, vegetable and soft drinks consumption models were related to all three-factor levels. Breakfast consumption frequency was associated with socio-demographic variables. BMI category was associated with socio-demographic and family variables. The results confirmed the existence of social inequalities, the importance of health literacy in predicting healthy behaviours and the relevance of the family context. The study confirms the importance of the ecological approach to understanding food intake and overweight/obesity status in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Delbosq
- Psychology Department, Milano-Bicocca University, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Veronica Velasco
- Psychology Department, Milano-Bicocca University, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Cecilia Vercesi
- Psychology Department, Milano-Bicocca University, 20126 Milan, Italy
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13
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Fatahi S, Sayyari AA, Salehi M, Safa M, Sohouli M, Shidfar F, Santos HO. The effects of chitosan supplementation on anthropometric indicators of obesity, lipid and glycemic profiles, and appetite-regulated hormones in adolescents with overweight or obesity: a randomized, double-blind clinical trial. BMC Pediatr 2022; 22:527. [PMID: 36064382 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-022-03590-x.pmid:] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chitosan is one of dietary fiber that has received great attention in improving obesity-related markers, but little is known on its effects on adolescents. OBJECTIVES To analyze the effects of chitosan supplementation on obesity-related cardiometabolic markers and appetite-related hormones in adolescents with overweight or obesity. METHODS AND ANALYSIS A randomized clinical trial was performed on 64 adolescents with overweight and obesity, who were randomly allocated to receive chitosan supplementation (n = 32) or placebo as control (n = 32) for 12 weeks. Anthropometric measures, lipid and glycemic profiles, and appetite-related hormones were examined. RESULTS Sixty-one participants completed study (chitosan = 31, placebo = 30). Chitosan supplementation significantly improved anthropometric indicators of obesity (body weight: - 3.58 ± 2.17 kg, waist circumference: - 5.00 ± 3.11 cm, and body mass index: - 1.61 ± 0.99 kg/m2 and - 0.28 ± 0.19 Z-score), lipid (triglycerides: - 5.67 ± 9.24, total cholesterol: - 14.12 ± 13.34, LDL-C: - 7.18 ± 10.16, and HDL-C: 1.83 ± 4.64 mg/dL) and glycemic markers (insulin: - 5.51 ± 7.52 μIU/mL, fasting blood glucose: - 5.77 ± 6.93 mg/dL, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance: - 0.24 ± 0.44), and appetite-related hormones (adiponectin: 1.69 ± 2.13 ng/dL, leptin - 19.40 ± 16.89, and neuropeptide Y: - 41.96 ± 79.34 ng/dL). When compared with the placebo group, chitosan supplementation had greater improvement in body weight, body mass index (kg/m2 and Z-score), waist circumference, as well as insulin, adiponectin, and leptin levels. Differences were significant according to P-value < 0.05. CONCLUSION Chitosan supplementation can improve cardiometabolic parameters (anthropometric indicators of obesity and lipid and glycemic markers) and appetite-related hormones (adiponectin, leptin, and NPY) in adolescents with overweight or obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somaye Fatahi
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Akbar Sayyari
- Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition Research Center, Research Institute for Children's Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Salehi
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Safa
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammadhassan Sohouli
- Student Research Committee, Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzad Shidfar
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Heitor O Santos
- School of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlandia (UFU), Uberlandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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14
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Fatahi S, Sayyari AA, Salehi M, Safa M, Sohouli M, Shidfar F, Santos HO. The effects of chitosan supplementation on anthropometric indicators of obesity, lipid and glycemic profiles, and appetite-regulated hormones in adolescents with overweight or obesity: a randomized, double-blind clinical trial. BMC Pediatr 2022; 22:527. [PMID: 36064382 PMCID: PMC9442917 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-022-03590-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Chitosan is one of dietary fiber that has received great attention in improving obesity-related markers, but little is known on its effects on adolescents. Objectives To analyze the effects of chitosan supplementation on obesity-related cardiometabolic markers and appetite-related hormones in adolescents with overweight or obesity. Methods and analysis A randomized clinical trial was performed on 64 adolescents with overweight and obesity, who were randomly allocated to receive chitosan supplementation (n = 32) or placebo as control (n = 32) for 12 weeks. Anthropometric measures, lipid and glycemic profiles, and appetite-related hormones were examined. Results Sixty-one participants completed study (chitosan = 31, placebo = 30). Chitosan supplementation significantly improved anthropometric indicators of obesity (body weight: − 3.58 ± 2.17 kg, waist circumference: − 5.00 ± 3.11 cm, and body mass index: − 1.61 ± 0.99 kg/m2 and − 0.28 ± 0.19 Z-score), lipid (triglycerides: − 5.67 ± 9.24, total cholesterol: − 14.12 ± 13.34, LDL-C: − 7.18 ± 10.16, and HDL-C: 1.83 ± 4.64 mg/dL) and glycemic markers (insulin: − 5.51 ± 7.52 μIU/mL, fasting blood glucose: − 5.77 ± 6.93 mg/dL, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance: − 0.24 ± 0.44), and appetite-related hormones (adiponectin: 1.69 ± 2.13 ng/dL, leptin − 19.40 ± 16.89, and neuropeptide Y: − 41.96 ± 79.34 ng/dL). When compared with the placebo group, chitosan supplementation had greater improvement in body weight, body mass index (kg/m2 and Z-score), waist circumference, as well as insulin, adiponectin, and leptin levels. Differences were significant according to P-value < 0.05. Conclusion Chitosan supplementation can improve cardiometabolic parameters (anthropometric indicators of obesity and lipid and glycemic markers) and appetite-related hormones (adiponectin, leptin, and NPY) in adolescents with overweight or obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somaye Fatahi
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Akbar Sayyari
- Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition Research Center, Research Institute for Children's Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Salehi
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Safa
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammadhassan Sohouli
- Student Research Committee, Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzad Shidfar
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Heitor O Santos
- School of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlandia (UFU), Uberlandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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15
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Chen Y, Wang Z, Fang G, Miao M, Liang H, Chen Y, Luan M, Liu X, Wen S, Chen A, Yuan W. Association of prenatal exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ethers at low levels with adiposity measures in children up to 6 years. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 303:134867. [PMID: 35595104 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The effects of prenatal PBDEs exposure, especially at low levels, on childhood obesity are scarce. No previous studies have investigated the effect modification by breastfeeding on the associations of PBDEs exposure with childhood obesity. We aimed to investigate the associations of prenatal PBDEs exposure with adiposity measures in children up to 6 years, and the effect modification by breastfeeding. Participants were mother-child pairs from the Shanghai-Minhang Birth Cohort study. Nine PBDE congeners were assessed in cord blood plasma. We obtained information about child weight (0-6 years), height (0.5-6 years), arm circumference (0-6 years), and waist circumference (0-6 years) at each follow-up visit. Breastfeeding duration was collected when children were aged 1 year and was categorized as short (≤6 months) and adequate (>6 months). Multiple linear regression models were used to examine the associations of PBDE concentrations with adiposity measures of the children at each age. Generalized estimating equation (GEE) models were used to estimate the overall associations of PBDEs exposure with adiposity measures. We examined the effect modification by breastfeeding using stratified analyses and by including interaction terms into GEE models. For boys, there was a general profile of positive associations of several PBDE congeners exposure with adiposity measures. Especially, boys with higher BDE-153 concentration had higher adiposity measures at each time point. For girls, we also found positive associations of BDE-100 and -153 exposure with adiposity measures. The GEE models showed consistent patterns for BDE-153 in boys and for BDE-100 and -153 in girls. In breastfeeding-stratified analyses, stronger associations of PBDEs exposure with adiposity measures were generally found in children who were shortly breastfed. Our findings suggest that prenatal exposure to PBDEs at low levels may influence childhood adiposity measures, and the potential effects of PBDEs were attenuated by adequate breastfeeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafei Chen
- NHC Key Lab. of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, China
| | - Ziliang Wang
- NHC Key Lab. of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, China
| | - Guanghong Fang
- NHC Key Lab. of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, China
| | - Maohua Miao
- NHC Key Lab. of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, China
| | - Hong Liang
- NHC Key Lab. of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, China
| | - Yao Chen
- NHC Key Lab. of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, China
| | - Min Luan
- NHC Key Lab. of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, China
| | - Xiaofang Liu
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Toxicology, National Reference Laboratory of Dioxin, Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, China
| | - Sheng Wen
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Toxicology, National Reference Laboratory of Dioxin, Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, China
| | - Aimin Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States
| | - Wei Yuan
- NHC Key Lab. of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, China.
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16
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Bjørklund O, Wichstrøm L, Llewellyn C, Steinsbekk S. The prospective relation between eating behaviors and BMI from middle childhood to adolescence: A 5-wave community study. Prev Med Rep 2022; 27:101795. [PMID: 35656230 PMCID: PMC9152788 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2022.101795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Oda Bjørklund
- Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Dragvoll 7491 Trondheim, Norway
- St Olav University Hospital, 7030 Trondheim, Norway
- Corresponding author at: Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Dragvoll 7491 Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Lars Wichstrøm
- Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Dragvoll 7491 Trondheim, Norway
- St Olav University Hospital, 7030 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Clare Llewellyn
- Department of Behavioural Science & Health, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, London, WC1E 7HB, UK
| | - Silje Steinsbekk
- Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Dragvoll 7491 Trondheim, Norway
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17
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Cleland V, Tian J, Buscot MJ, Magnussen CG, Bazzano L, Burns TL, Daniels S, Dwyer T, Hutri-Kahonen N, Ikonen J, Jacobs D, Juonala M, Prineas R, Raitakari O, Sinaiko A, Steinberger J, Urbina EM, Woo JG, Venn A. Body-mass index trajectories from childhood to mid-adulthood and their sociodemographic predictors: Evidence from the International Childhood Cardiovascular Cohort (i3C) Consortium. EClinicalMedicine 2022; 48:101440. [PMID: 35706485 PMCID: PMC9112099 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Understanding lifecourse trajectories of body-mass index (BMI) is important for identifying groups at high risk of poor health and potential target points for intervention. This study aimed to describe BMI trajectories from childhood to mid-adulthood in four population-based cohorts established in the 1970s and 1980s and to identify childhood sociodemographic factors related to trajectory membership. Methods Between Dec 17, 1970 and Dec 15, 1994, data were collected at the first visit from 9830 participants from the International Childhood Cardiovascular Cohort (i3C) Consortium, which includes participants from Australia (1985), Finland (1980) and the USA (1970-1994). Participants had at least three measures of height and weight, including one in childhood (6-18 years) and one in adulthood (>18 years), and were aged 30-49 years at last measurement. Latent Class Growth Mixture Modelling was used to identify lifecourse BMI trajectory groups and log multinomial regression models were fit to identify their childhood sociodemographic predictors. Findings Five consistent BMI trajectory groups were identified amongst the four cohorts: persistently low (35.9-58.6%), improving from high (0.7-4.8%), progressing to moderate (9.3-43.7%), progressing to high (1.1-6.0%), and progressing to very high (0.7-1.3%). An additional three BMI trajectory groups were identified in some, but not all, cohorts: adult onset high (three cohorts; 1.8-20.7%), progressing to moderate-high (two cohorts; 5.2-13.8%), and relapsing yo-yoers (alternating upward and downward; one cohort; 1.3%). In pooled analyses, each predictor variable in childhood, including age, gender, parental education and race, was associated with increased likelihood of belonging to the most (e.g., improving from high) and least (e.g., progressing to very high) favourable BMI trajectory groups, suggesting a U-shaped (or inverse U-shaped) pattern of association. Interpretation Five consistent BMI trajectory groups were identified across four cohorts from Australia, Finland, and the USA, mainly across two eras of birth. While most participants remained on a persistently low trajectory (50%), many demonstrated worsening BMI trajectories (47%), with only few demonstrating improving trajectories (<5%). Age, gender, parental education, and race appear to be important predictors of BMI trajectory group membership and need consideration in preventive and management strategies. Funding This study was supported by funding from the National Institutes of Health, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (grant number R01 HL121230).
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Affiliation(s)
- Verity Cleland
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, 17 Liverpool Street, Hobart, Tasmania 7000, Australia
| | - Jing Tian
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, 17 Liverpool Street, Hobart, Tasmania 7000, Australia
| | - Marie-Jeanne Buscot
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, 17 Liverpool Street, Hobart, Tasmania 7000, Australia
| | - Costan G. Magnussen
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, 17 Liverpool Street, Hobart, Tasmania 7000, Australia
- Centre for Population Health Research and Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Lydia Bazzano
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Trudy L. Burns
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Stephen Daniels
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Terence Dwyer
- Nuffield Department of Women's and Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, UK
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Nina Hutri-Kahonen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Johanna Ikonen
- Centre for Population Health Research and Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - David Jacobs
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Markus Juonala
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Ronald Prineas
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Division of Public Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Olli Raitakari
- Centre for Population Health Research and Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Alan Sinaiko
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota School of Medicine, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Julia Steinberger
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota School of Medicine, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Elaine M. Urbina
- The Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, and Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Jessica G. Woo
- Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology and Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Alison Venn
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, 17 Liverpool Street, Hobart, Tasmania 7000, Australia
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18
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Hammond MM, Zhang Y, Pathiravasan CH, Lin H, Sardana M, Trinquart L, Benjamin EJ, Borrelli B, Manders ES, Fusco K, Kornej J, Spartano NL, Kheterpal V, Nowak C, McManus DD, Liu C, Murabito JM. Relations Between BMI Trajectories and Habitual Physical Activity Measured by a Smartwatch in the Electronic Cohort of the Framingham Heart Study: Cohort Study. JMIR Cardio 2022; 6:e32348. [PMID: 35476038 PMCID: PMC9096636 DOI: 10.2196/32348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of obesity is rising. Most previous studies that examined the relations between BMI and physical activity (PA) measured BMI at a single timepoint. The association between BMI trajectories and habitual PA remains unclear. OBJECTIVE This study assesses the relations between BMI trajectories and habitual step-based PA among participants enrolled in the electronic cohort of the Framingham Heart Study (eFHS). METHODS We used a semiparametric group-based modeling to identify BMI trajectories from eFHS participants who attended research examinations at the Framingham Research Center over 14 years. Daily steps were recorded from the smartwatch provided at examination 3. We excluded participants with <30 days or <5 hours of smartwatch wear data. We used generalized linear models to examine the association between BMI trajectories and daily step counts. RESULTS We identified 3 trajectory groups for the 837 eFHS participants (mean age 53 years; 57.8% [484/837] female). Group 1 included 292 participants whose BMI was stable (slope 0.005; P=.75), group 2 included 468 participants whose BMI increased slightly (slope 0.123; P<.001), and group 3 included 77 participants whose BMI increased greatly (slope 0.318; P<.001). The median follow-up period for step count was 516 days. Adjusting for age, sex, wear time, and cohort, participants in groups 2 and 3 took 422 (95% CI -823 to -21) and 1437 (95% CI -2084 to -790) fewer average daily steps, compared with participants in group 1. After adjusting for metabolic and social risk factors, group 2 took 382 (95% CI -773 to 10) and group 3 took 1120 (95% CI -1766 to -475) fewer steps, compared with group 1. CONCLUSIONS In this community-based eFHS, participants whose BMI trajectory increased greatly over time took significantly fewer steps, compared with participants with stable BMI trajectories. Our findings suggest that greater weight gain may correlate with lower levels of step-based physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael M Hammond
- Boston University's and National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, United States
| | - Yuankai Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | | | - Honghuang Lin
- Division of Clinical Informatics, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Mayank Sardana
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Ludovic Trinquart
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Emelia J Benjamin
- Boston University's and National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, United States
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston Medical Center and Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Belinda Borrelli
- Department of Health Policy & Health Services Research, Henry M Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Emily S Manders
- Boston University's and National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, United States
| | - Kelsey Fusco
- Boston University's and National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, United States
| | - Jelena Kornej
- Boston University's and National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, United States
| | - Nicole L Spartano
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition, and Weight Management, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | | | | | - David D McManus
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Chunyu Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Joanne M Murabito
- Boston University's and National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, United States
- Section of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
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19
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Wang Y, Wan EYF, Mak IL, Ho MK, Chin WY, Yu EYT, Lam CLK. The association between trajectories of risk factors and risk of cardiovascular disease or mortality among patients with diabetes or hypertension: A systematic review. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0262885. [PMID: 35085329 PMCID: PMC8794125 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Cardiometabolic risk factors and renal function are monitored regularly for patients with diabetes mellitus (DM)/ hypertension (HT). In addition to risk factor levels at a single time point, their trajectory (changes over time) can also be differentially related to the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and mortality. This study aimed to systematically examine the evidence regarding the association between risk factor trajectories and risk of CVD/mortality in patients with DM/HT. Method PubMed, MEDLINE, and Embase were searched for articles from January 1963 to April 2021. Inclusion criteria: studies that 1) analyzed trajectories of risk factors including haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), blood pressure, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), body mass index (BMI), and blood lipids; 2) were performed in the DM/HT population and, 3) included risk of CVD/mortality as outcomes. Study quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa quality assessment scale. Results A total of 22,099 articles were identified. After screening by title and abstract, 22,027 articles were excluded by irrelevant outcomes, exposure, population, or type of articles. Following full-text screening, 11 articles investigating the trajectories of HbA1c (N = 7), systolic blood pressure (SBP) (N = 3), and eGFR (N = 1) were included for data extraction and analysis. No studies were identified examining the association of BMI or lipid trajectories with CVD/mortality. All included studies were of good quality based on the NOS criteria. In general, stable trajectories within optimal ranges of the risk factors (HbA1c: <7%, SBP: 120-139mmHg, eGFR: >60mL/min/1.73m2) had the lowest CVD/mortality risk compared to an increasing HbA1c trajectory (from 8% to 10%), an increasing SBP trajectory (from 120–139 to ≥140mmHg), or a decreasing eGFR trajectory (from 90 to 70mL/min/1.73m2). Conclusion A relatively stable and well-controlled trajectory for cardiometabolic risk factors was associated with the lowest risk of CVD/mortality. Risk factor trajectories have important clinical implications in addition to single time point measurements. More attention should be given to patients with suboptimal control and those with unstable trends of cardiometabolic risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Wang
- Department of Family Medicine and Primary Care, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Eric Yuk Fai Wan
- Department of Family Medicine and Primary Care, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Laboratory of Data Discovery for Health (D24H), Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Sha Tin, Hong Kong SAR, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Ivy Lynn Mak
- Department of Family Medicine and Primary Care, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Margaret Kay Ho
- Department of Family Medicine and Primary Care, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Weng Yee Chin
- Department of Family Medicine and Primary Care, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Esther Yee Tak Yu
- Department of Family Medicine and Primary Care, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Cindy Lo Kuen Lam
- Department of Family Medicine and Primary Care, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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20
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Rottermann K, Weigelt A, Stäbler T, Ehrlich B, Dittrich S, Schöffl I. New kids on the CPET: age-appropriate outdoor cardiopulmonary exercise testing in preschoolers. Eur J Appl Physiol 2022; 122:791-800. [PMID: 35034205 PMCID: PMC8761385 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-021-04853-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) in preschoolers (4–6 years) represents a challenge. Most studies investigating CPET have been limited to older children (> 8 year). However, knowledge of the performance of small children is essential for evaluating their cardiorespiratory fitness. This study strives to compare a modified Bruce protocol with a new age-appropriate incremental CPET during natural movement running outdoors, using a mobile device. Methods A group of 22 4–6-year-old healthy children was tested indoor on a treadmill (TM) using the modified Bruce protocol. The results were compared with a self-paced incremental running test, using a mobile CPET device in an outdoor park. The speeds were described as (1) slow walking, (2) slow running, (3) regular running, and (4) running with full speed as long as possible. Results Mean exercise time outdoors (6,57 min) was significantly shorter than on the treadmill (11,20 min), \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\dot{V}{O}_{2peak}$$\end{document}V˙O2peak (51.1 ml/min/kg vs. 40.1 ml/min/kg), RER (1.1 vs. 0.98) and important CPET parameters such as \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\dot{V}E$$\end{document}V˙Emax, O2pulse, heart rate and breath rate were significantly higher outdoors. The submaximal parameter OUES was comparable between both the tests. Conclusions Testing very young children with a mobile device is a new alternative to treadmill testing. With a significantly shorter test duration, significantly higher values for almost all cardiopulmonary variables can be achieved without losing the ability to determine VT1 and VT2. It avoids common treadmill problems and allows for individualized exercise testing. The aim is to standardize exercise times with individual protocols instead of standardizing protocols with individual exercise times, allowing for better comparability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Rottermann
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, University Hospital Erlangen, Loschgestraße 15, 91054, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Annika Weigelt
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, University Hospital Erlangen, Loschgestraße 15, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tim Stäbler
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, University Hospital Erlangen, Loschgestraße 15, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Benedikt Ehrlich
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Section for Sports Medicine and Sport Orthopaedics, Klinikum, Bamberg, Germany
| | - Sven Dittrich
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, University Hospital Erlangen, Loschgestraße 15, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Isabelle Schöffl
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, University Hospital Erlangen, Loschgestraße 15, 91054, Erlangen, Germany.,School of Clinical and Applied Sciences, Leeds Beckett University, Great Britain, Germany
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21
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Boyer BP, Nelson JA, Holub SC. Sex differences in the relation between body mass index trajectories and adolescent social adjustment. SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/sode.12516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brittany P. Boyer
- Counseling and Mental Health Center The University of Texas at Austin Austin TX USA
| | - Jackie A. Nelson
- Department of Psychology The University of Texas at Dallas Richardson TX USA
| | - Shayla C. Holub
- Department of Psychology The University of Texas at Dallas Richardson TX USA
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22
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Exposure of French Children and Adolescents to Advertising for Foods High in Fat, Sugar or Salt. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13113741. [PMID: 34835996 PMCID: PMC8624500 DOI: 10.3390/nu13113741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Food marketing of products high in fat, sugar and salt (HFSS), including television advertising, is one of the environmental factors considered as a contributor to the obesity epidemic. The main objective of this study was to quantify the exposure of French children and adolescents to television advertisements for HFSS products. TV food advertisements broadcast in 2018 were categorized according to the Nutri-Score of the advertised products. These advertisements, identified according to the days and times of broadcast, were cross-referenced with audience data for 4- to 12-year-olds and 13- to 17-year-olds. More than 50% of food advertisements seen on television by children and adolescents concerned HFSS products, identified as classified as Nutri-Score D and E. In addition, half of advertisements for D and E Nutri-Score products were seen by children and adolescents in the evening during peak viewing hours, when more than 20% of both age groups watched television. On the other hand, during the same viewing hours, the percentage of children and adolescents who watched youth programs, the only programs subject to an advertising ban, was very low (<2%). These results show that the relevance of regulating advertising at times when the television audience of children and adolescents is the highest and not targeted at youth programs, in order to reduce their exposure to advertising for products of low nutritional quality.
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23
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De Smidt JJA, Odendaal HJ, Nel DG, Nolan H, Du Plessis C, Brink LT, Oelofse A. The effects of in utero exposure to teratogens on organ size: a prospective paediatric study. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2021; 12:748-757. [PMID: 33198841 PMCID: PMC8536468 DOI: 10.1017/s2040174420001002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
In low-income countries, prospective data on combined effects of in utero teratogen exposure are lacking and necessitates new research. The aim of the present study was to explore the effect of in utero teratogen exposure on the size of the kidneys and pancreas 5 years after birth in a low-income paediatric population. Data was collected from 500 mother-child pairs from a low-income setting. Anthropometric measurements included body weight, (BW) body height, mid-upper arm and waist circumference (WC). Clinical measurements included blood pressure (BP), mean arterial pressure and heart rate. Ultrasound measurements included pancreas, and kidney measurements at age 5 years. The main outcome of interest was the effect of maternal smoking and alcohol consumption on ultrasound measurements of organ size at age 5 years. Left and right kidney length measurements were significantly lower in smoking exposed children compared to controls (p = 0.04 and p = 0.03). Pancreas body measurements were significantly lower in smoking exposed children (p = 0.04). Multiple regression analyses were used to examine the associations between the independent variables (IDVs), maternal age, body mass index (BMI), mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) and BW of the child, on the dependent variables (DVs) kidney lengths and kidney volumes. Also, the association between in utero exposure to alcohol and nicotine and pancreas size. WC was strongest (r = 0.28; p < 0.01) associated with pancreas head [F (4, 454) = 13.44; R2 = 0.11; p < 0.01] and tail (r = 0.30; p < 0.01) measurements at age 5 years, with in utero exposure, sex of the child and BMI as covariates. Kidney length and pancreas body measurements are affected by in utero exposure to nicotine at age 5 years and might contribute to cardiometabolic risk in later life. Also, findings from this study report on ultrasound reference values for kidney and pancreas measurements of children at age 5 years from a low-income setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. J. A. De Smidt
- Department of Medical Biosciences, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - H. J. Odendaal
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - D. G. Nel
- Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - H. Nolan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - C. Du Plessis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - L. T. Brink
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - A. Oelofse
- Department of Medical Biosciences, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
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24
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Jackson TW, Ryherd GL, Scheibly CM, Sasser AL, Guillette TC, Belcher SM. Gestational Cd Exposure in the CD-1 Mouse Induces Sex-Specific Hepatic Insulin Insensitivity, Obesity, and Metabolic Syndrome in Adult Female Offspring. Toxicol Sci 2021; 178:264-280. [PMID: 33259630 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfaa154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
There is compelling evidence that developmental exposure to toxic metals increases risk for obesity and obesity-related morbidity including cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. To explore the hypothesis that developmental Cd exposure increases risk of obesity later in life, male, and female CD-1 mice were maternally exposed to 500 ppb CdCl2 in drinking water during a human gestational equivalent period (gestational day 0-postnatal day 10 [GD0-PND10]). Hallmark indicators of metabolic disruption, hepatic steatosis, and metabolic syndrome were evaluated prior to birth through adulthood. Maternal blood Cd levels were similar to those observed in human pregnancy cohorts, and Cd was undetected in adult offspring. There were no observed impacts of exposure on dams or pregnancy-related outcomes. Results of glucose and insulin tolerance testing revealed that Cd exposure impaired offspring glucose homeostasis on PND42. Exposure-related increases in circulating triglycerides and hepatic steatosis were apparent only in females. By PND120, Cd-exposed females were 30% heavier with 700% more perigonadal fat than unexposed control females. There was no evidence of dyslipidemia, steatosis, increased weight gain, nor increased adiposity in Cd-exposed male offspring. Hepatic transcriptome analysis on PND1, PND21, and PND42 revealed evidence for female-specific increases in oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction with significant early disruption of retinoic acid signaling and altered insulin receptor signaling consistent with hepatic insulin sensitivity in adult females. The observed steatosis and metabolic syndrome-like phenotypes resulting from exposure to 500 ppb CdCl2 during the pre- and perinatal period of development equivalent to human gestation indicate that Cd acts developmentally as a sex-specific delayed obesogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas W Jackson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695
| | - Garret L Ryherd
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695
| | - Chris M Scheibly
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695
| | - Aubrey L Sasser
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695
| | - T C Guillette
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695
| | - Scott M Belcher
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695
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25
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Early-childhood BMI trajectories in relation to preclinical cardiovascular measurements in adolescence. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2021; 13:322-329. [PMID: 34308826 DOI: 10.1017/s2040174421000441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading causes of morbidity and mortality. Overweight, obesity, and accelerated growth during early childhood have been associated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes in later life. Few studies have assessed whether trajectories of accelerated growth in early childhood are associated with preclinical cardiovascular measurements. We aimed to evaluate the associations between childhood body mass index (BMI) growth trajectories and measures of macro- and microvascular function in early adolescence. Measurements of macrovascular function (systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP), pulse wave velocity (PWV), and microvascular function (central retinal arteriolar/veinular equivalent) were assessed at 11 years old in a Spanish birth cohort study (n = 489). BMI trajectories from birth to 9 years were identified using latent class growth analysis. Multiple linear regression assessed the associations between the BMI trajectories and macro- and microvascular function. Compared to children with average birth size and slower BMI gain (reference), children with a lower birth size and accelerated BMI gain had increased SBP [β = 6.57; (95% CI 4.00, 9.15)], DBP [β = 3.65; (95% CI 1.45, 5.86)], and PWV [β = 0.14; (95% CI 0.01, 0.27)]. Children with higher birth size and accelerated BMI gain had increased SBP [β = 4.75; (95% CI 1.79, 7.71) compared to the reference. No significant associations between BMI trajectories and the microvascular measurements were observed. In conclusion, we found that childhood BMI trajectories characterized by accelerated growth are associated with preclinical macrovascular measurements in young adolescents.
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26
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Body weight trends in adolescents of Central Italy across 13 years: social, behavioural, and psychological correlates. J Public Health (Oxf) 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10389-021-01627-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Aim
The study aimed to determine trends in the prevalence of underweight, overweight, obesity and their putative risk factors in different cohorts from a representative population of adolescents in Central Italy.
Subject and methods
After random sampling, five cohorts of adolescents attending public high schools – aged 14 to 18 years – were evaluated from 2005 to 2018 (n: 25,174). Collected information included self-reported body mass index (BMI), descriptors of family environment, eating behaviour, physical activity, screen use, bullying victimisation, sexual behaviour (age at first intercourse, number of partners) and perceived psychological distress. For these data, between-cohort prevalence differences were used to esteem prevalence variations across time. In the 2018 cohort, the association between these factors and body weight was evaluated through multinomial regressions with sex-specific crude relative risk ratios for different BMI categories.
Results
An increased prevalence of overweight was observed for both boys and girls. The study outlined a transition towards higher parental education and unemployment, reduced soft drinks consumption and higher psychological distress. Sex-specific changes were observed for physical and sexual activity, and a rising percentage of girls reported being bullied and distressing family relationships. Parental education and employment, together with physical activity, confirmed to be protective factors against pathological weight. The latter clustered with reduced soft drinks consumption, bullying victimisation, early sexual activity, worse family relationships and higher distress.
Conclusion
An increased prevalence of both overweight and underweight was observed across time. Economic factors associated with unemployment and changes in behavioural patterns may have contributed to this trend.
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27
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Zeng Q, Sun L, Zeng Q. Trajectories of mid-life to elderly adulthood BMI and incident hypertension: the China Health and Nutrition Survey. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e047920. [PMID: 34233991 PMCID: PMC8264882 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-047920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study is designed to identify different body mass index (BMI) trajectories of individuals aged 40-70 years and test the effect of distinct BMI trajectories on incident hypertension. DESIGN The accelerated longitudinal design was used for this study. METHODS The study drew data from the third to ninth China Health and Nutrition Surveys (CHNS), and 4697 participants were included between 1991 and 2015. As analysed, three distinct individual BMI trajectories were identified by the latent class growth mixed model (LCGMM). Then, BMI values and BMI slopes were worked out through calculation with LCGMM trajectory parameters and their primary derivatives, respectively. Later, Cox proportional hazard models were applied to examine BMI values and slopes, and find out the relationship between the said predicted data and incident hypertension for different classes. RESULTS Three different trajectory classes were identified, that is, low-stable class (n=3711), sharp-increasing class (n=282) and high-stable class (n=704). Compared with the low-stable class, the adjusted HRs (95% CI) were 1.321 (1.119 to 1.559) and 1.504 (1.322 to 1.711) for the sharp-increasing class and the high-stable class, respectively. The HR (95% CI) for BMI values rose from 1.081 (1.030 to 1.135) to 1.221 (1.171 to 1.273) while the HR (95% CI) for BMI slopes dropped from 1.154 (1.100 to 1.211) to 0.983 (0.943 to 1.025). That is, the HR for BMI slopes were higher than that for BMI values for the class aged 40-47 years. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that the calibrated BMI trajectories for the period from mid-life to elderly adulthood have a significant effect on the risk of incident hypertension. The period from age 40 to 47 years is critical and has positive implications for the early prevention of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zeng
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lin Sun
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qing Zeng
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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28
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Buttery SC, Zysman M, Vikjord SAA, Hopkinson NS, Jenkins C, Vanfleteren LEGW. Contemporary perspectives in COPD: Patient burden, the role of gender and trajectories of multimorbidity. Respirology 2021; 26:419-441. [PMID: 33751727 DOI: 10.1111/resp.14032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
An individual's experience of COPD is determined by many factors in addition to the pathological features of chronic bronchitis and emphysema and the symptoms that derive directly from them. Multimorbidity is the norm rather than the exception, so most people with COPD are living with a range of other medical problems which can decrease overall quality of life. COPD is caused by the inhalation of noxious particles or gases, in particular tobacco smoke, but also by early life disadvantage impairing lung development and by occupations where inhaled exposures are common (e.g. industrial, farming and cleaning work). Wealthy people are therefore relatively protected from developing COPD and people who do develop the condition may have reduced resources to cope. COPD is also no longer a condition that predominantly affects men. The prevalence of COPD among women has equalled that of men since 2008 in many high-income countries, due to increased exposure to tobacco, and in low-income countries due to biomass fuels. COPD is one of the leading causes of death in women in the USA, and death rates attributed to COPD in women in some countries are predicted to overtake those of men in the next decade. Many factors contribute to this phenomenon, but in addition to socioeconomic and occupational factors, there is increasing evidence of a higher susceptibility of females to smoking and pollutants. Quality of life is also more significantly impaired in women. Although most medications (bronchodilators and inhaled corticosteroids) used to treat COPD demonstrate similar trends for exacerbation prevention and lung function improvement in men and women, this is an understudied area and clinical trials frequently have a preponderance of males. A better understanding of gender-based predictors of efficacy of all therapeutic interventions is crucial for comprehensive patient care. There is an urgent need to recognize the increasing burden of COPD in women and to facilitate global improvements in disease prevention and management in this specific population. Many individuals with COPD follow a trajectory of both lung function decline and also multimorbidity. Unfavourable lung function trajectories throughout life have implications for later development of other chronic diseases. An enhanced understanding of the temporal associations underlying the development of coexisting diseases is a crucial first step in unravelling potential common disease pathways. Lessons can be learned from exploring disease trajectories of other NCD as well as multimorbidity development. Further research will be essential to explain how early life risk factors commonly influence trajectories of COPD and other diseases, how different diseases develop in relation to each other in a temporal way and how this ultimately leads to different multimorbidity patterns in COPD. This review integrates new knowledge and ideas pertaining to three broad themes (i) the overall burden of disease in COPD, (ii) an unappreciated high burden in women and (iii) the contrast of COPD trajectories and different multimorbidity patterns with trajectories of other NCD. The underlying pathology of COPD is largely irreversible, but many factors noted in the review are potentially amenable to intervention. Health and social care systems need to ensure that effective treatment is accessible to all people with the condition. Preventive strategies and treatments that alter the course of disease are crucial, particularly for patients with COPD as one of many problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara C Buttery
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Maéva Zysman
- Centre de Recherche cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux, Univ-Bordeaux, Pessac, France.,Service des Maladies Respiratoires, CHU Bordeaux, Pessac, France
| | - Sigrid A A Vikjord
- Department of Medicine and Rehabilitation, Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Levanger, Norway.,HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Levanger, Norway
| | | | - Christine Jenkins
- Respiratory Group, The George Institute for Global Health, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Lowie E G W Vanfleteren
- COPD Center, Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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29
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Oral Health, Nutritional-Related Patterns and Body Mass Index in Children. CURRENT HEALTH SCIENCES JOURNAL 2021; 47:575-580. [PMID: 35444820 PMCID: PMC8987463 DOI: 10.12865/chsj.47.04.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Regarding the influence of obesity on general health of children, scientific literature showed the importance of early management of children's overweight. In terms of oral health, overweight and obese children were shown to have accelerated dental development and increased prevalence of caries. OBJECTIVES The aim of the present study is to evaluate the influence of Body Mass Index (BMI) and dietary behaviors on the oral status, eruptions and hygiene in children. MATERIAL AND METHODS Ninety-two children aged 6-12 years were investigated about the oral hygiene habits, nutritional related behaviors, presence of systemic diseases. Values of BMI and oral status were noted. Statistical analysis was performed. RESULTS Significant moderate correlations between the values of BMI with tooth eruption and weak but significantly with dental lesions were determined. CONCLUSIONS The dietary behaviors and BMI could influence the oral status, eruptions and oral hygiene in children.
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30
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Arisaka O, Ichikawa G, Koyama S, Sairenchi T. Childhood obesity: rapid weight gain in early childhood and subsequent cardiometabolic risk. Clin Pediatr Endocrinol 2020; 29:135-142. [PMID: 33088012 PMCID: PMC7534524 DOI: 10.1297/cpe.29.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Dynamic changes in body weight have long been recognized as important indicators of risk
for human health. Many population-based observational studies have shown that rapid weight
gain during infancy, including a catch-up growth phenomenon or adiposity rebound in early
childhood, predisposes a person to the development of obesity, type 2 diabetes, and
cardiovascular diseases later in life. However, a consensus has not been established
regarding which period of weight gain contributes to future risks. This review evaluates
recent evidence on the relationship between early rapid growth and future obesity and
cardiometabolic risk, with a focus on the differential significance of rapid weight gain
in infancy and early childhood. Although there is a need for attention to childhood growth
during early infancy before 1 yr of age as it may be related to future obesity, emerging
evidence strongly suggests that toddlers showing an increase in body mass index (BMI)
before 3 yr of age, a period normally characterized by decreased BMI, are prone to
developing later cardiometabolic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osamu Arisaka
- Department of Pediatrics, Nasu Red Cross Hospital, Tochigi, Japan.,Department of Pediatrics, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Go Ichikawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Nasu Red Cross Hospital, Tochigi, Japan.,Department of Pediatrics, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Satomi Koyama
- Department of Pediatrics, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Toshimi Sairenchi
- Department of Public Health, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi, Japan
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Normayanti N, Suparyatmo JB, Prayitno A. The Effect of Nutrition Education on Body Mass Index, Waist Circumference, Mid-upper Arm Circumference and Blood Pressure in Obese Adolescents. ELECTRONIC JOURNAL OF GENERAL MEDICINE 2020. [DOI: 10.29333/ejgm/7884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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32
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Latifah E, Kusnandar K, Dewi YLR. Physical Activity, Sensory Threshold of Sweetness, and Waist-to-Height Ratio (WHtR) in Adolescents. ELECTRONIC JOURNAL OF GENERAL MEDICINE 2020. [DOI: 10.29333/ejgm/7886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Wang LB, Qu B, Xu P, Wu LL, Gu JS, Shah NK, Dong S, Shu C. Preeclampsia exposed offspring have greater body mass index than non-exposed offspring during peripubertal life: A meta-analysis. Pregnancy Hypertens 2019; 19:247-252. [PMID: 31806501 DOI: 10.1016/j.preghy.2019.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study evaluates the effect of preeclampsia on body mass index (BMI) of offspring who were exposed to preeclampsia in utero. METHODS Data were obtained from studies identified by a literature search in electronic databases. Random-effects metanalyses were conducted to achieve mean difference in BMI, waist circumference, gestation length, and birthweight between preeclampsia exposed (PE) and non-exposed (non-PE) offspring older than 5 years. Metaregression analyses were performed to identify factors affecting offspring BMI. RESULTS Sixteen studies (11639 PE offspring; age 15.5 years [14.2, 16.8]; 33.3% [32.6, 33.9] males vs 526,576 non-PE offspring; age 15.7 years [15.0, 16.4]; 42.6% [40.6, 44.5] male) were used. Gestation duration and birthweight of PE fetuses were significantly lesser than those of non-PE fetuses (mean difference (MD) -0.66 weeks [-1.25, -0.07]; p = 0.03 and MD -207.9 [-344.0, -71.8]; p = 0.003) respectively. BMI of PE offspring was significantly higher than non-PE offspring (MD 0.54 kg/m2 [0.27, 0.82]; p = 0.0001). Odds of being obese was significantly higher in PE than non-PE offspring (odds ratio 2.12 [1.70, 2.66]; P < 0.00001). Waist circumference was also significantly higher in PE than in non-PE offspring (MD 1.37 cm [0.67, 2.06]; p = 0.0001). Offspring BMI was significantly inversely associated with maternal age in both PE and non-PE groups. CONCLUSION Preeclampsia poses risk of higher BMI and waist circumference especially to the offspring of older mothers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Bo Wang
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Bo Qu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Peng Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Lin-Lin Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Ji-Shuang Gu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Neelam Kumari Shah
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Shuai Dong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China.
| | - Chang Shu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China.
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Long-term vs. recent-onset obesity: their contribution to cardiometabolic risk in adolescence. Pediatr Res 2019; 86:776-782. [PMID: 31426054 PMCID: PMC6891158 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-019-0543-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The contribution of long-term vs. recent-onset obesity to cardiometabolic risk in adolescence remains controversial. Here, we aimed to investigate the association of time of onset and length of obesity with the cardiometabolic profile of adolescence. METHODS Prospective study in 678 16-year-olds. BMI was measured at birth-1-5-10-16 years and BMI trajectories were interpolated using cubic splines. BMI > 2 SD at <6 years was defined as early obesity. Waist circumference (WC), blood pressure, lipid and glucose profiles were measured at 16 years. A cardiometabolic risk score was computed (MetS_score). According to the BMI trajectory, four groups were defined: participants who were never obese (NOB), participants with obesity during adolescence (recent-onset obese (ROB)), participants who were obese in early childhood but transitioned to normal/overweight as preadolescents (formerly obese (FOB)), and participants who were obese in early childhood and remained obese (persistently obese (POB)). RESULTS ROBs and POBs had significantly unhealthier cardiometabolic profile than NOBs. No differences were observed in the cardiometabolic profile of ROBs compared to POBs. Although FOBs had higher WC and MetS_score than NOBs, no differences were found in other biomarkers. FOBs were in healthier cardiometabolic condition than ROBs and POBs. CONCLUSIONS Both long-term and recent-onset obesity increase the cardiometabolic risk in adolescents.
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Islam MT, Möller J, Zhou X, Liang Y. Life-course trajectories of body mass index and subsequent cardiovascular risk among Chinese population. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0223778. [PMID: 31600353 PMCID: PMC6786833 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0223778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Examining body mass index (BMI) change over life course is crucial for cardiovascular health promotion and prevention. So far, there is very few evidence on the long-term change of BMI from childhood to late life. This study aimed to examine the life-course trajectory patterns of BMI and then to link the trajectory patterns to cardiovascular risk factors in adulthood. METHODS Based on longitudinal data from the China Health and Nutrition Survey, 5276 participants (aged 6-60) at baseline (in 1989) with up to 7 measurements of BMI during 1989-2009 were selected in this study. Cardiovascular risk factors including high blood pressure, high blood glucose and high blood lipids were assessed in 2411 participants in 2009. Latent growth curve modelling was used to analyse the BMI trajectories, and logistic regression was used to examine the associations between trajectory patterns and cardiovascular risk factors. RESULTS Four trajectories patterns of BMI over life course (age 6-80) were identified: Normal-Stable (22.4% of the total participants), Low normal-Normal-Stable (44.1%), Low normal-Normal-Overweight (27.2%), and Overweight-Obese (4.3%). Compared to those with Normal-Stable pattern, those with Low normal-Normal-Stable pattern, Low normal-Normal-Overweight pattern and Overweight-Obese pattern had higher risk of high blood pressure (odds ratio range = 1.6-6.6), high blood glucose (1.7-9.1), dyslipidemia (2.6-5.9) and having at least two of the three cardiovascular risk factors (3.9-30.9). CONCLUSIONS Having a stable BMI within normal range over life course is associated with the lowest cardiovascular risk, whereas remaining overweight and obese over life course is associated with the highest cardiovascular risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Tauhidul Islam
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Initiative for Non-Communicable Diseases, Health System and Population Studies Division, icddr,b, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Jette Möller
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Xingwu Zhou
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Physiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Yajun Liang
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Sokol RL, Ennett ST, Shanahan ME, Gottfredson NC, Poti JM, Halpern CT, Fisher EB. Maltreatment experience in childhood and average excess body mass from adolescence to young adulthood. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2019; 96:104070. [PMID: 31323420 PMCID: PMC7147074 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2019.104070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prior studies have suggested maltreatment is a strong predictor of later weight outcomes, such that maltreatment experiences in childhood increase the likelihood of being overweight or obese in adulthood. Estimates of this relationship may be biased due to: 1) inadequate selection of covariates; 2) improper operationalization of child maltreatment; and 3) restricting analyses to cross-sectional outcomes. OBJECTIVES Evaluate how latent classes of child maltreatment experiences are associated with a longitudinal BMI measure from adolescence to adulthood. PARTICIPANTS Data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health. METHODS We evaluated how previously developed latent classes of child maltreatment experiences were associated with average excess BMI from adolescence to adulthood using multivariate linear regression. RESULTS In the unadjusted model, individuals in the poly-maltreatment class (b = 0.46, s.e. = 0.20) and individuals who experienced adolescent-onset maltreatment (b = 0.36, s.e. = 0.11) had higher average excess BMI compared to individuals in the no maltreatment class. After adjusting for confounders, the relationship between poly-maltreatment and average excess BMI abated, whereas the relationship between adolescent-onset maltreatment and average excess BMI sustained (b = 0.28, s.e. = 0.11). CONCLUSIONS Contrary to previous findings, our analyses suggest the association between maltreatment experiences and longitudinal weight outcomes dissipates after controlling for relevant confounders. We did find a relationship, however, between adolescent-onset maltreatment and average excess BMI from adolescence to adulthood. This suggests the importance of maltreatment timing in the relationship between maltreatment and weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeccah L Sokol
- Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, United States.
| | - Susan T Ennett
- Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, United States
| | - Meghan E Shanahan
- Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, United States
| | - Nisha C Gottfredson
- Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, United States
| | - Jennifer M Poti
- Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, United States
| | - Carolyn T Halpern
- Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, United States
| | - Edwin B Fisher
- Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, United States
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Zhang T, Whelton PK, Xi B, Krousel-Wood M, Bazzano L, He J, Chen W, Li S. Rate of change in body mass index at different ages during childhood and adult obesity risk. Pediatr Obes 2019; 14:e12513. [PMID: 30702812 PMCID: PMC6684349 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.12513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood body mass index (BMI) predicts adult obesity. How growth trajectories during childhood relate to adult obesity risk is not well defined. OBJECTIVE We aimed to characterize BMI growth trajectories from childhood to midlife and to examine the associations between BMI growth rates at childhood age points and adult obesity risk. METHODS The longitudinal study included 2732 participants with repeated BMI measurements from childhood (4-19 y) to adulthood (20-51 y). A random-effects model was used to construct BMI growth curves by race and sex. Model-estimated levels and linear growth rates of BMI were linked to adult obesity in separate multivariable logistic regression models at individual childhood age points. RESULTS BMI followed cubic growth curves. Childhood BMI linear slope estimates were higher in adults with obesity than in adults without obesity (P < 0.001). The association between childhood BMI growth rate and adult obesity was significantly higher in puberty and postpuberty (12-19 y) than in early childhood (4-11 y) with a peak at age 14 (odds ratio = 3.1 and 95% confidence interval, 2.7-3.5). CONCLUSIONS Rates of change in BMI at different childhood ages are differentially associated with adult obesity. Puberty and postpuberty are crucial periods for the development of obesity in later life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Paul K. Whelton
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Bo Xi
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Marie Krousel-Wood
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
- Ochsner Health System, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Lydia Bazzano
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Jiang He
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Shengxu Li
- Children’s Minnesota Research Institute, Children’s Hospitals and Clinics of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
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Datar A, Chung PJ. Childhood Self-Control and Adolescent Obesity: Evidence from Longitudinal Data on a National Cohort. Child Obes 2019; 14:238-247. [PMID: 29812975 DOI: 10.1089/chi.2017.0217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Whether self-control at school entry and changes in self-control in the early school years are predictive of BMI change and obesity onset over the next 8 years using longitudinal data on a nationally representative sample of US children. METHODS Data from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-Kindergarten Class 1998 were analyzed. The analysis sample included 7060 children with data from kindergarten (mean age = 6 years) until eighth grade (mean age = 14 years). Self-control was assessed using teacher-reported scales. Child BMI and obese status (BMI ≥95th percentile for age and gender) were computed from height and weight measurements. Weighted linear and logistic regression models were estimated, adjusting for child's cognitive ability and a rich set of child and family covariates. RESULTS High self-control in kindergarten was associated with lesser BMI increase (p < 0.05) and 43% lower odds (adjusted OR [AOR] = 0.57, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.38-0.86) of new onset obesity over the subsequent 8 years. The beneficial effect of high self-control in kindergarten emerged between fifth and eighth grade. Among children with low self-control in kindergarten, increase in self-control between kindergarten and fifth grade was associated with a 1.42 kg/m2 (95% CI: -2.82 to -0.02) lesser increase in BMI and 66% lower odds of new obesity onset (AOR = 0.34; 95% CI: 0.14-0.83), between kindergarten and eighth grade. CONCLUSIONS Low self-control at school entry is an important risk factor for unhealthy BMI increase during the transition to adolescence. Increase in self-control in the early school years may prevent unhealthy BMI increase and obesity in adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashlesha Datar
- 1 Center for Economic and Social Research, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, CA.,2 RAND Health, RAND Corporation , Santa Monica, CA
| | - Paul J Chung
- 2 RAND Health, RAND Corporation , Santa Monica, CA.,3 Department of Pediatrics, University of California , Los Angeles, CA.,4 Department of Health Policy and Management, University of California , Los Angeles, CA.,5 Children's Discovery & Innovation Institute, Mattel Children's Hospital UCLA , Los Angeles, CA
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Sokol RL, Gottfredson NC, Poti JM, Halpern CT, Shanahan ME, Fisher EB, Ennett ST. Does a parsimonious measure of complex body mass index trajectories exist? Int J Obes (Lond) 2019; 43:1113-1119. [PMID: 30206334 PMCID: PMC6430191 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-018-0194-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A single measure that distills complex body mass index (BMI) trajectories into one value could facilitate otherwise complicated analyses. This study creates and assesses the validity of such a measure: average excess BMI. METHODS We use data from Waves I-IV of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (n = 17,669). We calculate average excess BMI by integrating to find the area above a healthy BMI trajectory and below each subject-specific trajectory and divide this value by total study time. To assess validity and utility, we (1) evaluate relationships between average excess BMI from adolescence to adulthood and adult chronic conditions, (2) compare associations and fit to models using subject-specific BMI trajectory parameter estimates as predictors, and (3) compare associations to models using BMI trajectory parameter estimates as outcomes. RESULTS Average excess BMI from adolescence to adulthood is associated with increased odds of hypertension (OR = 1.56; 95% CI: 1.47, 1.67), hyperlipidemia (OR = 1.36; 95% CI: 1.26, 1.47), and diabetes (OR = 1.57; 95% CI: 1.47, 1.67). The odds associated with average excess BMI are higher than the odds associated with the BMI intercept, linear, or quadratic slope. Correlations between observed and predicted health outcomes are slightly lower for some models using average excess BMI as the focal predictor compared to those using BMI intercept, linear, and quadratic slope. When using trajectory parameters as outcomes, some co-variates associate with the intercept, linear, and quadratic slope in contradicting directions. CONCLUSIONS This study supports the utility of average excess BMI as an outcome. The higher an individual's average excess BMI from adolescence to adulthood, the greater their odds of chronic conditions. Future studies investigating longitudinal BMI as an outcome should consider using average excess BMI, whereas studies that conceptualize longitudinal BMI as the predictor should continue using traditional latent growth methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeccah L Sokol
- Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA.
| | - Nisha C Gottfredson
- Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Jennifer M Poti
- Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Carolyn T Halpern
- Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Meghan E Shanahan
- Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Edwin B Fisher
- Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Susan T Ennett
- Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA
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Fong TCT. Indirect Effects of Body Mass Index Growth on Glucose Dysregulation via Inflammation: Causal Moderated Mediation Analysis. Obes Facts 2019; 12:316-327. [PMID: 31132775 PMCID: PMC6696889 DOI: 10.1159/000500422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE No existing studies have examined the mediating role of chronic inflammation between obesity and dysregulated glucose homeostasis in adolescent samples. This study evaluated whether C-reactive protein (CRP), an inflammation biomarker, mediated the effects of growth (annual increase) in body mass index (BMI) on glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c). METHODS BMI and biomarker data were used from wave I to wave IV of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health study; 4,545 adolescents; mean age = 14.9 years; 55.7% female) with valid CRP data. A causal moderated mediation analysis evaluated the direct and indirect effects of BMI slope on HbA1c via CRP across gender, with demographic and clinical characteristics as model covariates. RESULTS The participants displayed a linear BMI growth of 0.53-0.58 kg/m2/year throughout adolescence, with substantial interindividual variation. The BMI slope showed positive direct and indirect effects on HbA1c via CRP across gender, and there was a significant exposure-mediator interaction effect. A standardized increase in the BMI slope raised the probability of an abnormal HbA1c value by 6.0-8.5% in participants with various profiles. The total natural indirect effect accounted for 13.3-15.9% of the total effect in males and 21.2-22.7% in females. CONCLUSIONS The findings provide support for the inflammation mechanism in the effects of adiposity on glucose homeostasis. In adolescents, excess BMI growth was linked with a higher risk of glucose dysregulation either directly or indirectly via chronic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ted Chun Tat Fong
- Center for Behavioral Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong,
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review summarizes our current understanding of factors associated with childhood obesity, including latest prevalence rates, effectiveness of intervention strategies, and risk for concomitant disease later in life. RECENT FINDINGS Obesity has reached global dimensions, and prevalence of childhood obesity has increased eightfold since 1975. Interventions for obesity prevention have mainly focused on behavioral settings to date, i.e., interventions that have focused on behavioral changes of the individuum such as increasing daily physical exercise or optimizing diet. However, effects have been very limited worldwide and could not stop the increase of obesity prevalence so fare. Thus, community-based/environment-oriented measures are urgently needed, such as promotion of healthy food choices by taxing unhealthy foods, mandatory standards for meals in kindergarten and schools, increase of daily physical activity at kindergartens, and schools as well as ban on unhealthy food advertisement for children. Restructuring obesity interventions towards community-based/environment-oriented measures to counteract an obesogenic environment is mandatory for sustainable success and to stop the obesity epidemy. There is need to move fast, as already moderate overweight before the start of puberty is associated with significantly increased risk for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease in midlife.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susann Weihrauch-Blüher
- Department of Pediatrics I/Pediatric Endocrinology, University Hospital of Halle-Wittenberg, Ernst-Grube-Strasse 40, 06120, Halle/Saale, Germany.
| | - Susanna Wiegand
- Center for Social-Pediatric Care/Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Preschool children's physical activity and cardiovascular disease risk: A systematic review. J Sci Med Sport 2018; 22:568-573. [PMID: 30545675 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2018.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Higher physical activity (PA) levels in adults are associated with lower cardiovascular disease risk, however it is unclear whether this association is evident in children younger than five years. Given that cardiovascular disease has early life origins, this study systematically reviews evidence of associations between PA and cardiovascular disease risk factors among children aged 3-5.5years. DESIGN Systematic review. METHOD A systematic search of multiple data bases was conducted to identify published papers reporting associations between any measure of PA and cardiovascular disease risk factors. INCLUSION CRITERIA English language; peer-reviewed; original quantitative research; mean age or majority of sample to be between 3.0-5.5years. Studies where the sample was characterised by a health condition (e.g. obese, hypertensive) were not eligible for inclusion. RESULTS Twelve papers met the inclusion criteria. At least one study for each cardiovascular disease risk factor except inflammation was included. PA was not associated with insulin resistance, and inconsistently associated with the remaining cardiovascular disease risk factors. Studies were mostly cross-sectional and methodologically heterogeneous. Longitudinal and experimental study designs and objective measurement of PA may help provide a clearer indication of the interplay between PA and cardiovascular disease risk in the preschool population.
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Araújo J, Ramos E, Mishra GD, Severo M. The use of weight adjusted for height rather than body mass index to assess growth trajectory: Results from a population‐based cohort. Stat Med 2018; 38:855-865. [DOI: 10.1002/sim.8007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joana Araújo
- EPIUnit – Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto Porto Portugal
| | - Elisabete Ramos
- EPIUnit – Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto Porto Portugal
- Departamento de Ciências da Saúde Pública e Forenses e Educação MédicaFaculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto Porto Portugal
| | - Gita D. Mishra
- Centre for Longitudinal and Life Course Research, School of Public HealthUniversity of Queensland Brisbane Australia
| | - Milton Severo
- EPIUnit – Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto Porto Portugal
- Departamento de Ciências da Saúde Pública e Forenses e Educação MédicaFaculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto Porto Portugal
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Epidemic obesity in children and adolescents: risk factors and prevention. Front Med 2018; 12:658-666. [PMID: 30280308 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-018-0640-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity among children and adolescents (aged 2-18 years) has increased rapidly, with more than 100 million affected in 2015. Moreover, the epidemic of obesity in this population has been an important public health problem in developed and developing countries for the following reasons. Childhood and adolescent obesity tracks adulthood obesity and has been implicated in many chronic diseases, including type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease. Furthermore, childhood and adolescent obesity is linked to adulthood mortality and premature death. Although an imbalance between caloric intake and physical activity is a principal cause of childhood and adolescent obesity, environmental factors are exclusively important for development of obesity among children and adolescents. In addition to genetic and biological factors, socioenvironmental factors, including family, school, community, and national policies, can play a crucial role. The complexity of risk factors for developing obesity among children and adolescents leads to difficulty in treatment for this population. Many interventional trials for childhood and adolescent obesity have been proven ineffective. Therefore, early identification and prevention is the key to control the global epidemic of obesity. Given that the proportion of overweight children and adolescents is far greater than that of obesity, an effective prevention strategy is to focus on overweight youth, who are at high risk for developing obesity. Multifaceted, comprehensive strategies involving behavioral, psychological, and environmental risk factors must also be developed to prevent obesity among children and adolescents.
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Eny KM, Chen S, Anderson LN, Chen Y, Lebovic G, Pullenayegum E, Parkin PC, Maguire JL, Birken CS. Breastfeeding duration, maternal body mass index, and birth weight are associated with differences in body mass index growth trajectories in early childhood. Am J Clin Nutr 2018; 107:584-592. [PMID: 29635496 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqx081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Accelerated postnatal growth is an important predictor for obesity risk. It is unknown whether early-life obesity-related risk factors affect body mass index (BMI) growth rates during distinct growth periods from early infancy through preschool years. Objective We examined whether breastfeeding duration, maternal BMI, and birth weight are associated with growth trajectories of age- and sex-standardized WHO BMI z scores (zBMIs) in young children. Design Children (n = 5905) in The Applied Research Group for Kids (TARGet Kids!) prospective cohort study underwent repeated measures of weight and length or height from birth to 10 y of age. Piecewise linear mixed models were used to determine whether zBMI growth rates differ for each risk factor during periods of growth between birth and 1, 3, 18, 36, and 72 mo of age. Results Children who were breastfed <6 mo compared with ≥6 mo showed a higher growth rate between 1-3 and 3-18 mo, resulting in higher standardized BMIs (zBMIs) of +0.24, +0.12, and +0.19 at 18, 36, and 72 mo, respectively. Maternal BMI (in kg/m2) ≥30 compared with <30 resulted in higher growth rates between 1-3 and 36-72 mo and higher zBMIs of +0.22, +0.14, +0.18, and +0.41 at 3, 18, 36, and 72 mo, respectively. Infants weighing <2.5 kg at birth (compared with 2.5-4 kg) experienced higher growth rates between 1-3 and 3-18 mo but had lower zBMIs at all time points (zBMI: -1.45 to -0.21). Infants weighing ≥4 kg at birth (compared with 2.5-4 kg) had significantly lower growth rates in the first 3 mo but higher zBMIs at all time points (zBMI: +1.16 to +0.27). Conclusion Differences in zBMI growth rates by breastfeeding duration, maternal BMI, and birth weight are seen in early infancy and contribute to differences in zBMI, which persist into midchildhood. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01869530.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen M Eny
- Child Health Evaluative Sciences and Division of Pediatric Medicine and the Pediatric Outcomes Research Team, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shiyi Chen
- Child Health Evaluative Sciences and Division of Pediatric Medicine and the Pediatric Outcomes Research Team, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Laura N Anderson
- Child Health Evaluative Sciences and Division of Pediatric Medicine and the Pediatric Outcomes Research Team, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yang Chen
- The Applied Health Research Center of the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gerald Lebovic
- The Applied Health Research Center of the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, and Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Eleanor Pullenayegum
- Child Health Evaluative Sciences and Division of Pediatric Medicine and the Pediatric Outcomes Research Team, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Patricia C Parkin
- Child Health Evaluative Sciences and Division of Pediatric Medicine and the Pediatric Outcomes Research Team, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Pediatric Medicine and the Pediatric Outcomes Research Team, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, and Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jonathon L Maguire
- The Applied Health Research Center of the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, and Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Catherine S Birken
- Child Health Evaluative Sciences and Division of Pediatric Medicine and the Pediatric Outcomes Research Team, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Pediatric Medicine and the Pediatric Outcomes Research Team, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, and Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Jewell SL, Suk HW, Luecken LJ. Respiratory sinus arrhythmia: Modeling longitudinal change from 6 weeks to 2 years of age among low-income Mexican Americans. Dev Psychobiol 2017; 60:232-238. [PMID: 29193026 DOI: 10.1002/dev.21595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Parasympathetically-mediated heart rate variability (HRV), commonly indexed via respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA), is theorized to support the physiological regulation of emotion; however, little is known about the trajectory of change in resting RSA across early development among high-risk populations for whom emotion regulation is crucial. This study characterized resting RSA change from 6 weeks to 2 years of age among 312 low-income Mexican American infants. RSA was assessed longitudinally at 6, 12, 18, 24, 52, 78, and 104 weeks of age. On average, resting RSA increased as infants aged, and this change accelerated over time. There was significant variance between infants in resting RSA at 6 weeks of age, and in the slope, and acceleration of resting RSA change. Intraclass correlation among infants' resting RSA measures was minimal, indicating that resting RSA may not be "trait-like" during infancy. Results characterize early RSA development among a high-risk sample, which can inform theoretical understanding of the development of emotional, and behavioral self-regulation in a high-risk population, as well as efforts to promote wellbeing across early childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon L Jewell
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona
| | - Hye Won Suk
- Department of Psychology, Sogang University, Mapo-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Linda J Luecken
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona
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Fahrenkamp AJ, Sato AF. Child-specific, maternal, and environmental stressors in the context of adolescent weight outcomes. CHILDRENS HEALTH CARE 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/02739615.2017.1383910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amy J. Fahrenkamp
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH
| | - Amy F. Sato
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH
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48
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Tyson N, Frank M. Childhood and adolescent obesity definitions as related to BMI, evaluation and management options. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 2017; 48:158-164. [PMID: 28838829 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2017.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Revised: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
In North America, 30% of children are overweight or obese. Child obesity is a precursor to adult health risks. Diagnosis of childhood obesity is difficult. The best measurement is BMI percentile charts. Obesity in children and adolescents can be treated by diet and activity changes. Family involvement in healthy lifestyle changes is best for weight loss and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nichole Tyson
- Kaiser Permanente, 1600 Eureka Road, Roseville, CA 95661, USA.
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49
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Hanvey AN, Mensah FK, Clifford SA, Wake M. Adolescent Cardiovascular Functional and Structural Outcomes of Growth Trajectories from Infancy: Prospective Community-Based Study. Child Obes 2017; 13:154-163. [PMID: 28092462 DOI: 10.1089/chi.2016.0263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adult BMI trajectories outperform single BMI measurements as predictors of cardiovascular mortality; however, it is unknown whether this also holds in childhood. We aimed to identify BMI trajectory categories from birth to adolescence, and examine their associations with adolescent cardiovascular function and structure. METHODS Adolescents from a community-based prospective birth cohort completed 11-16 BMI measurements between birth and adolescence. BMI trajectory categories were identified using latent class analysis. Associations between trajectories and cardiovascular outcomes (14 years) were assessed using adjusted linear regression models (n = 187). Cardiovascular outcomes included systolic/diastolic blood pressure, augmentation index, pulse wave velocity, carotid intima-media thickness, and retinal arteriole-to-venule ratio. Regression models were adjusted for child age, gender, height, socioeconomic status, and puberty status at outcome. RESULTS Three BMI trajectories emerged that diverged sharply by the age of 1 year. BMI increments were thereafter roughly parallel for those in the low normal (39%) and high normal (51%) groups, but steeper in the consistently overweight (10%) group, which was notable for lack of an obvious adiposity rebound. Cardiovascular function and structure were similar across the three trajectory groups. The only exception was augmentation index, which was 7.8% (95% CI: 2.6 to 13.0) higher in the consistently overweight individuals than the low normal individuals. CONCLUSIONS We found little evidence that those with consistently higher BMI from infancy experienced poorer cardiovascular function or structure by the age of 14 years. Nonetheless, childhood BMI trajectories track strongly, meaning resolution of risky BMI, while essential to decrease later cardiovascular risk, is unlikely without intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alanna N Hanvey
- 1 Centre for Community Child Health, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute , The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Australia .,2 Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne , Parkville, Australia
| | - Fiona K Mensah
- 2 Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne , Parkville, Australia .,3 Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute , The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Australia
| | - Susan A Clifford
- 1 Centre for Community Child Health, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute , The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Australia .,2 Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne , Parkville, Australia
| | - Melissa Wake
- 1 Centre for Community Child Health, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute , The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Australia .,2 Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne , Parkville, Australia
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Paediatric obesity and cardiovascular risk factors - A life course approach. Porto Biomed J 2017; 2:102-110. [PMID: 32258598 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbj.2017.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Childhood obesity is increasingly prevalent worldwide, and Portugal presents one of the highest prevalence of obesity and overweight among the European countries. Since childhood obesity is a risk factor for obesity in adulthood, the high prevalence of overweight and obesity in paediatric age currently experienced is expected to lead to even higher prevalence of obesity in adulthood in future decades. It is well known that the prenatal period and infancy are critical or sensitive periods for obesity development, but a growing body of evidence also suggests a relevant role of childhood and adolescence. The exposure to some factors during these periods or specific time frames within these periods may confer additional risk for obesity development. Paediatric obesity is associated with cardiovascular risk factors both in the short or medium-term, but also in the long term, conferring additional risk for future adult health. However, it is not clear whether the relation between paediatric obesity and adult health is independent of adult adiposity. There is a moderate to high tracking of obesity from paediatric age into adulthood, which may partially explain the association with adult outcomes. Therefore, there has been increasing interest on life course frameworks to study the effect of the dynamics of adiposity across paediatric age on adult outcomes, namely on the cardiovascular disease risk. The use of this approach to study determinants and consequences of obesity raises methodological challenges to summarize the exposure to adiposity/obesity across the life span, being the identification of growth trajectories and the quantification of the duration of obesity among the most used methods. However, further investigation is still needed to explore the best methods to summarize exposure to adiposity and its variation across time.
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