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Ghasemi SG, Khoshrou A, Kakhki S, Shirinzadeh Feizabadi A, Masoudi M, Bagherifar F, Beheshti F. Ascorbic Acid Supplementation Improves Adolescent Stress-induced Cognitive Impairment Through Restoration of Behavioral, Biochemical and Electrophysiological Alterations in Male Rats. Neuroscience 2024; 549:55-64. [PMID: 38718917 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2024.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
The present research study aimed to investigate the role of Ascorbic acid (AA) on synaptic plasticity, learning, and memory impairment induced by unpredicted chronic mild stress (CUMS) in adolescent male rats. Adolescent male rats were divided into: 1) vehicle, 2) CUMS, 3-5) CUMS plus various doses of AA by oral gavage (CUMS-10/100/400 mg/kg), and 6) AA400 mg/kg by oral gavage. In Morris Water Maze, the time latency decreased, while the time spent in the target quadrant increased in CUMS group treated with AA at the dose of 400 mg/kg. In passive avoidance, the latency of entering into the dark chamber decreased in CUMS group treated with AA (400 mg/kg). In biochemical test results, nitrite and MDA significantly decreased, while thiol content, SOD, and catalase activity in CUMS group that received AA400mg/kg was increased. IL-10, BDNF and Ki67 increased, while TNF-a and AChE activity were decreased in CUMS group treated with AA simultaneously. The results of our study showed that chronic stress during adolescence could cause learning and memory disorders as well as synaptic plasticity. In addition, we showed that AA can prevent this problem by reducing oxidative stress, inflammation, increasing the amount of BDNF, and neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sima Gul Ghasemi
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plant, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Alireza Khoshrou
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Samaneh Kakhki
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran
| | - Atefeh Shirinzadeh Feizabadi
- Department of Medical Anesthesiology, School of Paramedical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran
| | - Maha Masoudi
- Vice Chancellery of Education and Research, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran
| | - Faezeh Bagherifar
- Vice Chancellery of Education and Research, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran
| | - Farimah Beheshti
- Neuroscience Research Center, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran; Departments of Physiology, School of Medicine, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran.
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Dong T, Wang X, Jia Z, Yang J, Liu Y. Assessing the associations of 1,400 blood metabolites with major depressive disorder: a Mendelian randomization study. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1391535. [PMID: 38903637 PMCID: PMC11187323 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1391535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and objectives Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is one of the most prevalent and debilitating health conditions worldwide. Previous studies have reported a link between metabolic dysregulation and MDD. However, evidence for a causal relationship between blood metabolites and MDD is lacking. Methods Using a two-sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization analysis (MR), we assessed the causal relationship between 1,400 serum metabolites and Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). The Inverse Variance Weighted method (IVW) was employed to estimate the causal association between exposures and outcomes. Additionally, MR-Egger regression, weighted median, simple mode, and weighted mode methods were used as supplementary approaches for a comprehensive appraisal of the causality between blood metabolites and MDD. Pleiotropy and heterogeneity tests were also conducted. Lastly, the relevant metabolites were subjected to metabolite function analysis, and a reverse MR was implemented to explore the potential influence of MDD on these metabolites. Results After rigorous screening, we identified 34 known metabolites, 13 unknown metabolites, and 18 metabolite ratios associated with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). Among all metabolites, 33 were found to have positive associations, and 32 had negative associations. The top five metabolites that increased the risk of MDD were the Arachidonate (20:4n6) to linoleate (18:2n6) ratio, LysoPE(18:0/0:0), N-acetyl-beta-alanine levels, Arachidonate (20:4n6) to oleate to vaccenate (18:1) ratio, Glutaminylglutamine, and Threonine to pyruvate ratio. Conversely, the top five metabolites that decreased the risk of MDD were N6-Acetyl-L-lysine, Oleoyl-linoleoyl-glycerol (18:1 to 18:2) [2] to linoleoyl-arachidonoyl-glycerol (18:2 to 20:4) [2] ratio, Methionine to phosphate ratio, Pregnanediol 3-O-glucuronide, and 6-Oxopiperidine-2-carboxylic acid. Metabolite function enrichment was primarily concentrated in pathways such as Bile Acid Biosynthesis (FDR=0.177), Glutathione Metabolism (FDR=0.177), Threonine, and 2-Oxobutanoate Degradation (FDR=0.177). In addition, enrichment was noted in pathways like Valine, Leucine, and Isoleucine Biosynthesis (p=0.04), as well as Ascorbate and Aldarate Metabolism (p=0.04). Discussion Within a pool of 1,400 blood metabolites, we identified 34 known metabolites and 13 unknown metabolites, as well as 18 metabolite ratios associated with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). Additionally, three functionally enriched groups and two metabolic pathways were selected. The integration of genomics and metabolomics has provided significant insights for the screening and prevention of MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Dong
- Center for External Treatment of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
- College of Acupuncture and Massage, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xingxin Wang
- College of Acupuncture and Massage, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zhixia Jia
- College of First Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Jiguo Yang
- College of Acupuncture and Massage, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yuanxiang Liu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
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Bojang KP, Manchana V. Impact of vegetarianism on cognition and neuropsychological status among urban community-dwelling adults in Telangana, South India: a cross-sectional study. Eur J Nutr 2024; 63:1089-1101. [PMID: 38305863 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-024-03328-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The potential benefits of vegetarian diets in reducing cognitive impairment have garnered attention due to existing mixed results; hence, our study aims to examine the impact of vegetarianism on cognitive function and neuropsychological status among urban community-dwelling adults from Telangana. METHODS The dietary patterns were self-reported and dietary data collected using a Food Frequency Questionnaire while cognitive function was assessed using Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and depression, anxiety, and stress (DASS-21) questionnaire for psychological measures. Adults (N = 304) aged 40 years and above, who followed either a vegetarian or non-vegetarian diet for at least 6 months prior to data collection, scored MMSE ≥ 19 indicating mild cognitive impairment, and were recruited using convenience sampling. RESULTS Among the participants, vegetarians (n = 155) exhibited significantly better mood states compared to non-vegetarians (n = 149), as indicated by lower scores on the DASS subscales for depression (10.0 ± 0.06 vs. 17.0 ± 0.07, p = < 0.001), anxiety (4.0 ± 0.05 vs. 6.0 ± 0.07, p = 0.005), and stress (8.0 ± 0.02 vs. 10.0 ± 0.05, p = 0.007). Vegetarians also demonstrated superior cognitive functioning compared to non-vegetarians, as indicated by higher MMSE scores (26.0 ± 0.04 vs. 24.0 ± 0.03, p = < 0.001). MMSE scores were inversely correlated with depression, anxiety, and stress for vegetarians (ρ = - 0.371, p = 0.000; ρ = - 0.027, p = 0.734; and ρ = - 0.105, p = 0.914), respectively. Similar to the vegetarians group, MMSE scores were negatively correlated with depression (ρ = - 0.059), but the correlation is not significant. CONCLUSION Vegetarianism exerted a positive influence on the cognitive and neuropsychological status of the investigated population. Nevertheless, additional research is required to comprehend the underlying mechanisms that elucidate the long-term effects of vegetarianism and plant-based nutritional interventions on brain health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Varalakshmi Manchana
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
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Goto S, Kojima N, Komori M, Kawade N, Oshima K, Nadano D, Sasaki N, Horio F, Matsuda T, Miyata S. Vitamin C deficiency alters the transcriptome of the rat brain in a glucocorticoid-dependent manner, leading to microglial activation and reduced neurogenesis. J Nutr Biochem 2024; 128:109608. [PMID: 38458474 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2024.109608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Vitamin C (VitC) is maintained at high concentrations in the brain and is an essential micronutrient for brain function. VitC deficiency leads to neuropsychiatric scurvy, which is characterized by depression and cognitive impairment. However, the molecular mechanism by which mild VitC deficiency impairs brain function is currently unknown. In the present study, we conducted RNA sequencing analysis and found that a short-term VitC deficiency altered the brain transcriptome in ODS rats, which cannot synthesize VitC. Bioinformatic analysis indicated that VitC deficiency affected the expression of genes controlled by the glucocorticoid receptor in the brain. We confirmed an increased secretion of glucocorticoids from the adrenal gland during VitC deficiency. We found that non-neuronal cells, including microglia, which are resident immune cells in the brain, changed their transcriptional patterns in response to VitC deficiency. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that the quiescent ramified microglia transform into the activated amoeboid microglia during three weeks of VitC deficiency. The morphological activation of microglia was accompanied by increased expression of proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-6 in the hippocampus. Furthermore, VitC deficiency decreased the number of newly born neurons in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus, suggesting that VitC was required for adult neurogenesis that plays a crucial role in learning and memory. Our findings may provide insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the maintenance of normal brain function by adequate levels of VitC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunta Goto
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Natsuki Kojima
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Miyu Komori
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Noe Kawade
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan; Department of Neuroscience and Pathobiology, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kenzi Oshima
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Daita Nadano
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Nobumitsu Sasaki
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan; Institute of Global Innovation Research, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Horio
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan; Department of Life Studies and Environmental Science, Nagoya Women's University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Matsuda
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan; Faculty of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Fukushima University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Shinji Miyata
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan; Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan.
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Wang Z, Zhang L, Yang J, Zeng Y, Su C, Yao M, Zhang H, Hu W, Liu Y, Lai Y, Wang X, Zeng J, Liu R. Chronic stress induces Alzheimer's disease-like pathologies through DNA damage-Chk1-CIP2A signaling. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:9168-9187. [PMID: 38819231 PMCID: PMC11164505 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Stress is an important initiating factor in promoting Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis. However, the mechanism by which stress induces AD-like cognitive impairment remains to be clarified. Here, we demonstrate that DNA damage is increased in stress hormone Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF)-treated cells and in brains of mice exposed to chronic restraint stress. Accumulation of DNA damage drives activation of cell cycle checkpoint protein kinase 1 (Chk1), upregulation of cancerous inhibitor of PP2A (CIP2A), tau hyperphosphorylation, and Aβ overproduction, eventually resulting in synaptic impairment and cognitive deficits. Pharmacological intervention targeting Chk1 by specific inhibitor and DNA damage by vitamin C, suppress DNA damage-Chk1-CIP2A signaling pathway in chronic stress animal model, which in turn attenuate AD-like pathologies, synaptic impairments and cognitive deficits. Our study uncovers a novel molecular mechanism of stress-induced AD-like pathologies and provides effective preventive and therapeutic strategies targeting this signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoqun Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education/Hubei Province for Neurological Disorders, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lun Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education/Hubei Province for Neurological Disorders, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Wuhan Fourth Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiayu Yang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education/Hubei Province for Neurological Disorders, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi Zeng
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education/Hubei Province for Neurological Disorders, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chengke Su
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education/Hubei Province for Neurological Disorders, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Mengdong Yao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education/Hubei Province for Neurological Disorders, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Huiliang Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education/Hubei Province for Neurological Disorders, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenting Hu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education/Hubei Province for Neurological Disorders, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Department of Pathology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education/Hubei Province for Neurological Disorders, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yiwen Lai
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education/Hubei Province for Neurological Disorders, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaochuan Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education/Hubei Province for Neurological Disorders, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Shenzhen Huazhong University of Science and Technology Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ji Zeng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Wuhan Fourth Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Rong Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education/Hubei Province for Neurological Disorders, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Shenzhen Huazhong University of Science and Technology Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Institute for Brain Research, Wuhan Center of Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Melkis K, Jakubczyk K. The Chemical Profiles and Antioxidant Properties of Live Fruit or Vegetable Vinegars Available on the Polish Food Market. Foods 2024; 13:1488. [PMID: 38790788 PMCID: PMC11119752 DOI: 10.3390/foods13101488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Live vinegar is a product formed through a two-step fermentation process of a sugar substrate that has not been subjected to filtration or pasteurization. This is considered to preserve all nutrients and biologically active microorganisms, making it a product with a valuable composition and beneficial properties. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to analyze the chemical composition and antioxidant properties of the selected vinegars available on the Polish food market. The material in the study consisted of four live (naturally turbid, unfiltered, unpasteurized) fruit or vegetable vinegars: apple, pear, rhubarb, and lemon. Spectrophotometric, HPLC, and GC methods were used. Among the vinegars tested, lemon vinegar had the highest vitamin C content-15.95 mg/100 mL. Apple vinegar proved to be the best source of polyphenols and flavonoids (TPC-191.97 mg GAE/L, TFC-70.22 mg RE/L). All of the vinegars contained dihydroxybenzoic acid, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, caffeic acid, 2-hydroxycinnamic acid, and myricetin. The acetic acid content of the tested vinegars ranged from 29.180 to 38.125 mM/L. The pH values ranged from 3.14 to 3.41. In conclusion, the most promising nutraceutical with potentially beneficial health-promoting properties seems to be apple vinegar.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Karolina Jakubczyk
- Department of Human Nutrition and Metabolomics, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 24 Broniewskiego Street, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland;
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Mititelu-Tartau L, Bogdan M, Ciocoiu M. Editorial: Vitamin C from bench to bedside. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1406342. [PMID: 38742025 PMCID: PMC11089153 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1406342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Liliana Mititelu-Tartau
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania
| | - Maria Bogdan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Craiova, Romania
| | - Manuela Ciocoiu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania
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Wang W, Shi Y, Zhang J, Wang Y, Cheteu Wabo TM, Yang Y, He W, Zhu S. Association of dietary overall antioxidant intake with all-cause and cause-specific mortality among adults with depression: evidence from NHANES 2005-2018. Food Funct 2024; 15:4603-4613. [PMID: 38590241 DOI: 10.1039/d4fo00236a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Higher intakes of individual antioxidants such as vitamins A, C, and E have been linked to mortality in the general population, but the association of overall antioxidant intake with mortality especially in depressed adults remains unclear. We aimed to investigate whether the dietary overall antioxidant intake is associated with all-cause and cause-specific mortality among depressed adults. This study included 3051 US adults with depression, who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2005 to 2018. Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) was used to define depression and evaluate depression severity. The dietary antioxidant quality score (DAQS) and dietary antioxidant index (DAI) were calculated based on the intakes of vitamins A, C, and E, zinc, selenium, and magnesium. A higher DAQS and DAI were significantly associated with lower depression scores (PHQ-9) (all P-trend < 0.05). For individual antioxidants, significant negative associations of vitamins A and E with all-cause mortality were observed. For overall antioxidant intake, the DAQS and DAI were inversely associated with all-cause and cancer mortality. Compared with participants in the lowest categories of DAQS and DAI, the corresponding HRs (95% CIs) in the highest categories were 0.63 (0.42-0.93) and 0.70 (0.49-0.98) for all-cause mortality and 0.39 (0.17-0.87) and 0.43 (0.21-0.88) for cancer mortality, respectively. The overall dietary antioxidant intake was beneficially associated with all-cause and cancer mortality in depressed adults. These findings suggest that comprehensive dietary antioxidant intake may improve depressive symptoms and lower mortality risk among adults with depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Wang
- Chronic Disease Research Institute, The Children's Hospital, and National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 866 Yu-hang-tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuwei Shi
- Chronic Disease Research Institute, The Children's Hospital, and National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 866 Yu-hang-tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiakai Zhang
- Chronic Disease Research Institute, The Children's Hospital, and National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 866 Yu-hang-tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yifeng Wang
- Chronic Disease Research Institute, The Children's Hospital, and National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 866 Yu-hang-tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Therese Martin Cheteu Wabo
- Chronic Disease Research Institute, The Children's Hospital, and National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 866 Yu-hang-tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Chronic Disease Research Institute, The Children's Hospital, and National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 866 Yu-hang-tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wei He
- Chronic Disease Research Institute, The Children's Hospital, and National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 866 Yu-hang-tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shankuan Zhu
- Chronic Disease Research Institute, The Children's Hospital, and National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 866 Yu-hang-tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Xia X, Chen K, Chen Y. Change in function and homeostasis of HPA axis: The role of vitamin family. Chem Biol Interact 2024; 391:110899. [PMID: 38325521 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2024.110899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
With the improvement of living quality, people pay more and more attention to vitamin supplements. The vitamins in the daily diet can meet the needs of the body. Whether additional vitamin supplementation is necessary still needs to be further explored. Many studies have reported that vitamin deficiency and excessive vitamin supplementation could lead to abnormal development in the body or increase the risk of diseases. Here, we summarize the abnormal levels of vitamins can cause the homeostasis imbalance of hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis by affecting its development and function. It can lead to abnormal synthesis and secretion of glucocorticoid in the body, which mediates the occurrence and development of metabolic diseases and psychoneurotic diseases. In addition, vitamin has a strong antioxidant effect, which can eliminate oxygen free radicals. Thereby, vitamins can alter HPA axis function and homeostasis maintenance by combating oxidative stress. This review provides a theoretical basis for clarifying the role of abnormal levels of vitamin in the occurrence and development of multiple diseases and its intervention strategy, and also provides reference value and guiding significance for rational use of vitamins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Xia
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Kaiqi Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yawen Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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Darabi Z, Sangouni AA, Ghayour-Mobarhan M, Ferns GA, Khayyatzadeh SS. The association between lifelines diet score (LLDS) with depression and quality of life in Iranian adolescent girls. Nutr J 2024; 23:19. [PMID: 38355569 PMCID: PMC10868061 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-024-00913-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been proposed that a greater degree of adherence to a healthy dietary pattern is associated with a lower risk of depression and a poor quality of life (QoL). The Lifelines diet score (LLDS) is a new, evidence-base scoring system to define the quality of diet. We designed a cross-sectional study to investigate the association between LLDS with depression and QoL in Iranian adolescent girls. METHODS A total of 733 female adolescents were recruited from Mashhad and Sabzevar cities, Iran. Depression and QoL were assessed utilizing the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and SF-12v2 questionnaires, respectively. The LLDS was defined by dividing intakes of 12 food groups with negative or positive health effects into quintiles ranging 12 to 60 points. To explore the association between LLDS with QoL and depression, logistic regression was used in crude and adjusted models. RESULTS The prevalence of depression and poor QoL was 24% and 49%, respectively. After adjusting for confounding factors, adolescent girls in the highest quartile of LLDS compared with the participants in the lowest quartile had a 42% lower probability of reporting depressive symptoms (OR: 0.58; 95% CI: 0.35-0.97, P = 0.03). In addition, the participants in the highest quartile of LLDS had lower odds of poor QoL compared with the subjects in the lowest quartile (OR: 0.65; 95% CI: 0.42-0.92, P = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS There is an inverse relationship between LLDS with risk of depression and poor QoL. Prospective and interventional investigations are needed to reach a clear vision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Darabi
- Research Center for Food Hygiene and Safety, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Abbas Ali Sangouni
- Research Center for Food Hygiene and Safety, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Majid Ghayour-Mobarhan
- International UNESCO center for Health-Related Basic Sciences and Human Nutrition, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Gordon A Ferns
- Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Division of Medical Education, Falmer, Brighton, Sussex, BN1 9PH, UK
| | - Sayyed Saeid Khayyatzadeh
- Research Center for Food Hygiene and Safety, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
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Yadegari M, Zare Mehrjerdi F, Rezvani ME, Dortaj H, Pourentezari Zarch M. Effect of vitamin C on histomorphometric changes of testis, epididymis, prostate, and seminal vesicle induced by acrylamide in rat. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 397:549-557. [PMID: 37480490 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02633-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
Acrylamide (ACR) has adverse effects on the rat testis. This study aimed to assess the impact of ACR and vit C exposure on reproductive organs in rats. In this experimental study, 32 adult male rats were used. The animals were divided into 4 groups (n = 8): (1) control group, (2) ACR (10 mg/kg) group, (3) vit C (200 mg/kg), (4) ACR (10 mg/kg) + vit C (200 mg/kg) daily for 5 weeks by gavage. After the administration period, testis, prostate, seminal vesicle, and epididymis of animals are removed; after preparing tissue sections, the structural changes of the tissues are examined by stereology. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by the Tukey test in SPSS software. A value of p ≤ 0.05 was considered significant. The testis weight, volume (mm3), and the mean Johnsen score showed a significant decrease in comparison with the control group and vit C-treated group. These parameters were increased in ACR + vit C group. The number of spermatogonia, spermatocyte, spermatid, and Sertoli and Leydig cells in ACR-treated group showed a significant decrease in comparison with the control and vit C-treated groups. The number of these cells was increased in the ACR + vit C group. Epithelium height and folding of prostate and seminal vesicle in the ACR-treated group were decreased. Epithelium lost its integrity. In the ACR + vit C group, histopathological changes were decreased. Seminal vesicle of ACR + vit C-treated group showed mild degeneration and rupture in epithelium integrity. The epididymis of ACR + vit C group also showed mild degeneration and rupture in epithelium integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Yadegari
- Yazd Neuroendocrine Research Center, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Yazd, Iran.
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Yazd, Iran.
| | - Fatemeh Zare Mehrjerdi
- Yazd Neuroendocrine Research Center, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Yazd, Iran
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Yazd, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ebrahim Rezvani
- Yazd Neuroendocrine Research Center, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Yazd, Iran
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Yazd, Iran
| | - Hengameh Dortaj
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Yazd, Iran
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Science, School of Advanced Medical Science and Technologies, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Majid Pourentezari Zarch
- Yazd Neuroendocrine Research Center, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Yazd, Iran
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Yazd, Iran
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12
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Jakubczyk K, Melkis K, Janda-Milczarek K, Skonieczna-Żydecka K. Phenolic Compounds and Antioxidant Properties of Fermented Beetroot Juices Enriched with Different Additives. Foods 2023; 13:102. [PMID: 38201130 PMCID: PMC10778454 DOI: 10.3390/foods13010102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Fermented beetroot juice is a beverage obtained from the fermentation of beetroot, most commonly red beet (Beta vulgaris L. var. conditiva). Nowadays, this product is increasingly recognised as a functional food with potentially beneficial health properties. It has been suggested to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antihypertensive, immunomodulatory, and probiotic effects, among others. Moreover, with the increasing popularity of the drink, newer variants are appearing in the food market, obtained by modifying the traditional recipe, adding other raw materials, herbs, and spices. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the antioxidant potential and phytochemical composition of the selected fermented beetroot juices in different flavour variants available in the Polish food market. The study material consisted of six fermented beetroot juices: traditional, with garlic, with horseradish, with acerola, without salt, and iodized. The obtained results showed that the addition of acerola, horseradish, garlic, salt, and iodine in the form of sodium iodide and potassium iodide influenced the composition and properties of fermented beetroot juice. The most promising product in terms of potentially beneficial health properties related to the prevention of free radical diseases was fermented beetroot juice without salt (FRAP-5663.40 µM Fe (II)/L, ABTS-96.613%, TPC-760.020 mg GAE/L, TFC-221.280 mg RE/L). Iodized fermented beetroot juice had the highest vitamin C content-51.859 mg/100 mL. However, all the products tested were characterised by a significant content of biologically active substances with antioxidant properties and showed a high antioxidant potential. Moreover, all the fermented beetroot juices were rated positively in terms of flavour intensity, sweetness, acidity, colour, and overall acceptability. They can, therefore, be a good source of antioxidants in the daily diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Jakubczyk
- Department of Human Nutrition and Metabolomics, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 24 Broniewskiego Street, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland (K.J.-M.)
| | - Klaudia Melkis
- Department of Human Nutrition and Metabolomics, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 24 Broniewskiego Street, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland (K.J.-M.)
| | - Katarzyna Janda-Milczarek
- Department of Human Nutrition and Metabolomics, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 24 Broniewskiego Street, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland (K.J.-M.)
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13
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Yang J, Wang J, Liu Z, Chen J, Jiang J, Zhao M, Gong D. Ligilactobacillus Salivarius improve body growth and anti-oxidation capacity of broiler chickens via regulation of the microbiota-gut-brain axis. BMC Microbiol 2023; 23:395. [PMID: 38071295 PMCID: PMC10709959 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-023-03135-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Certain strains of probiotic bacteria can secret functional substances namely digestive enzymes and functional peptides to regulate physiological conditions such as digestion and anti-oxidation, which are often incorporated in industrial broiler chick production. However, few studies have detailed the action mechanisms and effects of these bacteria on regulating growth and anti-oxidation levels in broiler chickens. Ligilactobacillus salivarius is a strain of probiotic bacteria used as dietary supplement. In the present study, Ligilactobacillus salivarius was evaluated for its secreted digestive enzymes in vitro. To detailed evaluate the action mechanisms and effects of gastrointestinal tract (GIT) microbiota on alleviating anti-oxidation levels of broiler chickens through the gut-brain axis. Ligilactobacillus salivarius was cultured and supplemented in the food of broilers to evaluate the probiotic effect on growth and anti-oxidation by modulation of gut microbial composition and its functional metabolites using metagenomic and metabolomic assays. Biochemical results showed that Ligilactobacillus salivarius secreted digestive enzymes: protease, lipase, and amylase. Broiler chickens with Ligilactobacillus salivarius supplemented for 42 days, showed increased body weights, a reduced oxidative status, decreased malondialdehyde levels, and improved activities rates of total superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase IIand IV improved. The microbial composition of caecum was more abundant than those broiler without probiotics supplementation, owing 400 of total number (489) of bacterial operational taxonomic units (OTU). The genera of Lactobacillus, Megamonas, Ruminoccoccaceae, Ruminococcus, Alistipes and Helicobacter shared the dominant proportion of Candidatus _Arthromitus compared with the control chickens. These functional bacteria genera assisted in the transportation and digestion of amino acids, carbohydrates, and ions, synthesis of cellular membranes, and anti-oxidation. Uncultured_organism_g_ Anaerosporobacter, Lactobacillus salivarius, uncultured_bacterium_g_ Ruminococcaceae_UCG-014, uncultured_bacterium_g_ Peptococcus were strongly and positively correlated with body growth performance and anti-oxidation. A metabonomic assay suggested that the secreted of gamma-aminobutyric acid and monobactam was metabolized according to the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis. In conclusion, Ligilactobacillus salivarius optimized microbial composition of the caecum and secreted functional peptides through gut-brain axis to improve the body growth and antioxidation of broiler chicken.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajun Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Animal genetic Breeding and Molecular Design, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
- School of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and Forestry, Jurong, 212400, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing Wang
- School of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and Forestry, Jurong, 212400, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zongliang Liu
- Hefei Zhien Biotechnology Company Limited, National University Science Park, No.602 of Huangshan Road, Hefei, 230031, 230001, Anhui Province, China
| | - Jun Chen
- School of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and Forestry, Jurong, 212400, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiajing Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Food Engineering, Jinling Institute of Technology, Nanjing, 210038, Jiangsu, China
| | - Minmeng Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Animal genetic Breeding and Molecular Design, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Daoqing Gong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Animal genetic Breeding and Molecular Design, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China.
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Lbban E, Kwon K, Ashor A, Stephan B, Idris I, Tsintzas K, Siervo M. Vitamin C supplementation showed greater effects on systolic blood pressure in hypertensive and diabetic patients: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised clinical trials. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2023; 74:814-825. [PMID: 37791386 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2023.2264549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Results from randomised controlled trials (RCTs) testing the effect of vitamin C supplementation on blood pressure (BP) have been inconsistent. This systematic review evaluated the effects of vitamin C supplementation on BP and included RCTs testing the effects of vitamin C supplementation alone, on systolic and diastolic BP in adult participants (≥18 years). Random-effect models were conducted to estimate the pooled effects of vitamin C supplementation on BP. A total of 20 studies with 890 participants were included. The median dose of vitamin C was 757.5 mg/d, the median duration was 6 weeks. Vitamin C supplementation was found to reduce systolic BP by -3.0 mmHg (95%CI: -4.7, -1.3 mmHg; p = 0.001). Subgroup analysis showed a more pronounced effect on systolic BP in patients with hypertension (-3.2 mmHg, 95%CI -5.2, -1.2 mmHg, p = 0.002) and diabetes (-4.6 mmHg, 95%CI -8.9, -0.3 mmHg, p = 0.03). Further research needs to evaluate the long-term effect of vitamin C on BP in populations with impaired cardio-metabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eazaz Lbban
- School of Life Sciences, The University of Nottingham Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kee Kwon
- School of Life Sciences, The University of Nottingham Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK
| | - Ammar Ashor
- College of Medicine, University of Al-Mustansiriyah, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Blossom Stephan
- Curtin Dementia Centre of Excellence, enAble Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Iskandar Idris
- School of Medicine, The University of Nottingham Medical School, Derby Hospital, Nottingham, UK
| | - Kostas Tsintzas
- School of Life Sciences, The University of Nottingham Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK
- MRC Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK
| | - Mario Siervo
- School of Life Sciences, The University of Nottingham Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK
- Curtin Dementia Centre of Excellence, enAble Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
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Moghimian M, Azin S, Alavi-Kakhki SS, Kourosh-Arami M, Gholami M, Beheshti F, Fani M. Preventive impacts of vitamin C on memory damage caused by unpredictable chronic mild stress in relation to biochemical parameters in the hippocampus of male rats. Nutr Neurosci 2023; 26:1222-1231. [PMID: 36408931 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2022.2145423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The present study focused on examining the impact of vitamin C (Vit C) administration on the function of memory and the status of oxidative stress (OS) in the hippocampal area of the brain using an unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS) model in rats. To this end, 50 male Wistar rats (11-12 weeks of age at the start of the study) were assigned to five groups of six animals, including control, UCMS, UCMS + Vit C 50 mg/Kg, UCMS + Vit C 100 mg/Kg, and UCMS + Vit C 400 mg/Kg. The animals received daily intraperitoneal injections of Vit C at a certain time (9 am) before the initiation of a stressor. UCMS, including a progression of typical stressors, was applied for four weeks. Subsequently, using the passive avoidance (PA) and Morris water maze (MWM) tests were performed to investigate learning and memory. Eventually, hippocampal tissues were evaluated in terms of OS criteria. The results revealed that the latency to enter the dark chamber (P < 0. 01 and P < 0.05, PA test) and the time spent in the target quadrant (P < 0.0001, MWM test) were shorter in the UCMS group, while latency to discover the platform was longer (P < 0.05 and P < 0.001, MWM test) compared to the control group. However, UCMS decreased the content of thiol (P < 0.0001), as well as the activities of catalase (P < 0.0001) and superoxide dismutase (P < 0.0001), whereas the concentration of malondialdehyde (P < 0.01) increased in the hippocampal region of the brain in comparison to the control group. Interestingly, Vit C treatment reversed the mentioned effects of UCMS. Therefore, the latency to enter the dark chamber (P < 0. 05 and P < 0.01,1 and 24 h after the shock, PA test, UCMS + Vit C 400) and the time spent in the target quadrant (P < 0. 01 and P < 0.05, MWM test, UCMS + Vit C 400 and UCMS + Vit C 100, respectively) were longer in the UCMS + Vit C groups. Moreover, Vit C increased the content of thiol (P < 0.05, UCMS + Vit C 400), as well as the activity of catalase (P < 0.001, UCMS + Vit C 400) and superoxide dismutase (P < 0.0001, UCMS + Vit C 400, UCMS + Vit C 100), whereas the concentration of malondialdehyde (P < 0. 05 and P < 0.01, UCMS + Vit C 100, UCMS + Vit C 400) decreased in the hippocampal region of the brain in comparison to the UCMS group. Overall, these results suggest that Vit C could reverse UCMS-induced learning and memory impairment possibly through the modulation of brain OS.Key points Memory and learning impairments were induced by unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS)Vitamin C could prevent cognitive impairments caused by UCMS in rats by attenuation of oxidative stress in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Moghimian
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
| | - Sohrab Azin
- Student Research Committee, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
| | - Seyed Sajjad Alavi-Kakhki
- Student Research Committee, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Kourosh-Arami
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Gholami
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Farimah Beheshti
- Department of Physiology, School of Paramedical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Fani
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
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Samad N, Manzoor N, Batool A, Noor A, Khaliq S, Aurangzeb S, Bhatti SA, Imran I. Protective effects of niacin following high fat rich diet: an in-vivo and in-silico study. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21343. [PMID: 38049514 PMCID: PMC10696033 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-48566-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Niacin had long been understood as an antioxidant. There were reports that high fat diet (HFD) may cause psychological and physical impairments. The present study was aimed to experience the effect of Niacin on % growth rate, cumulative food intake, motor activity and anxiety profile, redox status, 5-HT metabolism and brain histopathology in rats. Rats were administered with Niacin at a dose of 50 mg/ml/kg body weight for 4 weeks following normal diet (ND) and HFD. Behavioral tests were performed after 4 weeks. Animals were sacrificed to collect brain samples. Biochemical, neurochemical and histopathological studies were performed. HFD increased food intake and body weight. The exploratory activity was reduced and anxiety like behavior was observed in HFD treated animals. Activity of antioxidant enzymes was decreased while oxidative stress marker and serotonin metabolism in the brain of rat were increased in HFD treated animals than ND fed rats. Morphology of the brain was also altered by HFD administration. Conversely, Niacin treated animals decreased food intake and % growth rate, increased exploratory activity, produced anxiolytic effects, decreased oxidative stress and increased antioxidant enzyme and 5-HT levels following HFD. Morphology of brain is also normalized by the treatment of Niacin following HFD. In-silico studies showed that Niacin has a potential binding affinity with degradative enzyme of 5-HT i.e. monoamine oxidase (MAO) A and B with an energy of ~ - 4.5 and - 5.0 kcal/mol respectively. In conclusion, the present study showed that Niacin enhanced motor activity, produced anxiolytic effect, and reduced oxidative stress, appetite, growth rate, increased antioxidant enzymes and normalized serotonin system and brain morphology following HFD intake. In-silico studies suggested that increase 5-HT was associated with the binding of MAO with Niacin subsequentially an inhibition of the degradation of monoamine. It is suggested that Niacin has a great antioxidant potential and could be a good therapy for the treatment of HFD induced obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noreen Samad
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan.
| | - Natasha Manzoor
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan
| | - Ammara Batool
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan
| | - Aqsa Noor
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan
| | - Saima Khaliq
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Science and Technology, Federal Urdu University of Arts, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Sana Aurangzeb
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Sheraz Ahmed Bhatti
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan
| | - Imran Imran
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan
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17
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Patani A, Balram D, Yadav VK, Lian KY, Patel A, Sahoo DK. Harnessing the power of nutritional antioxidants against adrenal hormone imbalance-associated oxidative stress. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1271521. [PMID: 38098868 PMCID: PMC10720671 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1271521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress, resulting from dysregulation in the secretion of adrenal hormones, represents a major concern in human health. The present review comprehensively examines various categories of endocrine dysregulation within the adrenal glands, encompassing glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, and androgens. Additionally, a comprehensive account of adrenal hormone disorders, including adrenal insufficiency, Cushing's syndrome, and adrenal tumors, is presented, with particular emphasis on their intricate association with oxidative stress. The review also delves into an examination of various nutritional antioxidants, namely vitamin C, vitamin E, carotenoids, selenium, zinc, polyphenols, coenzyme Q10, and probiotics, and elucidates their role in mitigating the adverse effects of oxidative stress arising from imbalances in adrenal hormone levels. In conclusion, harnessing the power of nutritional antioxidants has the potential to help with oxidative stress caused by an imbalance in adrenal hormones. This could lead to new research and therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Patani
- Department of Biotechnology, Smt. S.S. Patel Nootan Science and Commerce College, Sankalchand Patel University, Visnagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Deepak Balram
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Virendra Kumar Yadav
- Department of Life Sciences, Hemchandracharya North Gujarat University, Gujarat, India
| | - Kuang-Yow Lian
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ashish Patel
- Department of Life Sciences, Hemchandracharya North Gujarat University, Gujarat, India
| | - Dipak Kumar Sahoo
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
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18
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Modzelewski S, Oracz A, Iłendo K, Sokół A, Waszkiewicz N. Biomarkers of Postpartum Depression: A Narrative Review. J Clin Med 2023; 12:6519. [PMID: 37892657 PMCID: PMC10607683 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12206519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Postpartum depression (PPD) is a disorder that impairs the formation of the relationship between mother and child, and reduces the quality of life for affected women to a functionally significant degree. Studying markers associated with PPD can help in early detection, prevention, or monitoring treatment. The purpose of this paper is to review biomarkers linked to PPD and to present selected theories on the pathogenesis of the disease based on data from biomarker studies. The complex etiology of the disorder reduces the specificity and sensitivity of markers, but they remain a valuable source of information to help clinicians. The biggest challenge of the future will be to translate high-tech methods for detecting markers associated with postpartum depression into more readily available and less costly ones. Population-based studies are needed to test the utility of potential PPD markers.
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Piao J, Wang Y, Zhang T, Zhao J, Lv Q, Ruan M, Yu Q, Li B. Antidepressant-like Effects of Representative Types of Food and Their Possible Mechanisms. Molecules 2023; 28:6992. [PMID: 37836833 PMCID: PMC10574116 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28196992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Depression is a mental disorder characterized by low mood, lack of motivation, negative cognitive outlook, and sleep problems. Suicide may occur in severe cases, although suicidal thoughts are not seen in all cases. Globally, an estimated 350 million individuals grapple with depression, as reported by the World Health Organization. At present, drug and psychological treatments are the main treatments, but they produce insufficient responses in many patients and fail to work at all in many others. Consequently, treating depression has long been an important topic in society. Given the escalating prevalence of depression, a comprehensive strategy for managing its symptoms and impacts has garnered significant attention. In this context, nutritional psychiatry emerges as a promising avenue. Extensive research has underscored the potential benefits of a well-rounded diet rich in fruits, vegetables, fish, and meat in alleviating depressive symptoms. However, the intricate mechanisms linking dietary interventions to brain function alterations remain largely unexplored. This review delves into the intricate relationship between dietary patterns and depression, while exploring the plausible mechanisms underlying the impact of dietary interventions on depression management. As we endeavor to unveil the pathways through which nutrition influences mental well-being, a holistic perspective that encompasses multidisciplinary strategies gains prominence, potentially reshaping how we approach and address depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Piao
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory for Molecular and Chemical Genetics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China; (J.P.); (T.Z.); (J.Z.); (Q.L.); (M.R.); (Q.Y.)
- Engineering Laboratory for Screening of Antidepressant Drugs, Jilin Province Development and Reform Commission, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Yingwei Wang
- Changchun Zhuoyi Biological Co., Ltd., Changchun 130616, China;
| | - Tianqi Zhang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory for Molecular and Chemical Genetics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China; (J.P.); (T.Z.); (J.Z.); (Q.L.); (M.R.); (Q.Y.)
- Engineering Laboratory for Screening of Antidepressant Drugs, Jilin Province Development and Reform Commission, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Jiayu Zhao
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory for Molecular and Chemical Genetics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China; (J.P.); (T.Z.); (J.Z.); (Q.L.); (M.R.); (Q.Y.)
- Engineering Laboratory for Screening of Antidepressant Drugs, Jilin Province Development and Reform Commission, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Qianyu Lv
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory for Molecular and Chemical Genetics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China; (J.P.); (T.Z.); (J.Z.); (Q.L.); (M.R.); (Q.Y.)
- Engineering Laboratory for Screening of Antidepressant Drugs, Jilin Province Development and Reform Commission, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Mengyu Ruan
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory for Molecular and Chemical Genetics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China; (J.P.); (T.Z.); (J.Z.); (Q.L.); (M.R.); (Q.Y.)
- Engineering Laboratory for Screening of Antidepressant Drugs, Jilin Province Development and Reform Commission, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Qin Yu
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory for Molecular and Chemical Genetics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China; (J.P.); (T.Z.); (J.Z.); (Q.L.); (M.R.); (Q.Y.)
- Engineering Laboratory for Screening of Antidepressant Drugs, Jilin Province Development and Reform Commission, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Bingjin Li
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory for Molecular and Chemical Genetics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China; (J.P.); (T.Z.); (J.Z.); (Q.L.); (M.R.); (Q.Y.)
- Engineering Laboratory for Screening of Antidepressant Drugs, Jilin Province Development and Reform Commission, Changchun 130041, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Target of Traditional Chinese Medicine with Anti-Depressive Effect, Changchun 130041, China
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20
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Wang J, Xue X, Miao X. Antioxidant Effects of Quercetin Nanocrystals in Nanosuspension against Hydrogen Peroxide-Induced Oxidative Stress in a Zebrafish Model. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1209. [PMID: 37765017 PMCID: PMC10536595 DOI: 10.3390/ph16091209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Quercetin, a flavonoid compound rich in hydroxyl groups, possesses antioxidant properties, whereas its poor water solubility limits its bioavailability. In pursuit of addressing the water solubility of quercetin and comprehending the impact of nanocrystal particle size on antioxidant efficacy, we prepared three different-sized quercetin nanocrystals, namely small (50 nm), medium (140 nm), and large (360 nm), using a nanosuspension method in this study. Within the in vitro setting, assessments employing solubility and radical scavenging assays revealed that quercetin nanocrystals displayed superior solubility (26, 21, and 13 fold corresponding to small, medium, and large particle sizes) and antioxidant performance compared to the coarse quercetin. Furthermore, quercetin nanocrystals of three particle sizes all demonstrated significant protection effects on the survival rate of H2O2-treated zebrafish at 72 h (77.78%, 73.33%, and 66.67% for small, medium, and large particle sizes, respectively), while the coarse quercetin group exhibited a low survival rate (53.3%) similar to the H2O2-treated group (47.8%). Moreover, all quercetin nanocrystals exhibited potent antioxidant capacity on both the antioxidants and enzymatic antioxidant system in H2O2-treated zebrafish to restore zebrafish to a normal state under oxidative stress. For instance, the levels of reactive oxygen species were reduced to 101.10%, 108.83%, and 109.77% of the normal levels for small, medium, and large particle-sized quercetin nanocrystals, respectively. In conclusion, quercetin nanocrystals demonstrated enhanced solubility, robust antioxidant capacity, and protective effects in zebrafish compared to coarse quercetin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Wang
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China; (J.W.); (X.X.)
- SDU-ANU Joint Science College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China
| | - Xinyue Xue
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China; (J.W.); (X.X.)
| | - Xiaoqing Miao
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China; (J.W.); (X.X.)
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21
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Malik H, Usman M, Arif M, Ahmed Z, Ali G, Rauf K, Sewell RDE. Diosgenin normalization of disrupted behavioral and central neurochemical activity after single prolonged stress. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1232088. [PMID: 37663254 PMCID: PMC10468593 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1232088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a chronic mental illness triggered by traumatic experiences such as wars, natural disasters, or catastrophes, and it is characterized by anxiety, depression and cognitive impairment. Diosgenin is a steroidal sapogenin with known neuroprotective and antioxidant properties. This study aimed to assess the pharmacological potential of diosgenin in a single prolonged stress (SPS) model of PTSD, plus other behavioral models along with any consequent alterations in brain neurochemistry in male mice. Methodology: SPS was induced by restraining animals for 2 h, followed by 20 min of forced swim, recuperation for 15 min, and finally, exposure to ether to induce anesthesia. The SPS-exposed animals were treated with diosgenin (20, 40, and 60 mg/kg) and compared with the positive controls, fluoxetine or donepezil, then they were observed for any changes in anxiety/depression-like behaviors, and cognitive impairment. After behavioral screening, postmortem serotonin, noradrenaline, dopamine, vitamin C, adenosine and its metabolites inosine and hypoxanthine were quantified in the frontal cortex, hippocampus, and striatum by high-performance liquid chromatography. Additionally, animal serum was screened for changes in corticosterone levels. Results: The results showed that diosgenin reversed anxiety- and depression-like behaviors, and ameliorated cognitive impairment in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, diosgenin restored monoamine and vitamin C levels dose-dependently and modulated adenosine and its metabolites in the brain regions. Diosgenin also reinstated otherwise increased serum corticosterone levels in SPS mice. Conclusion: The findings suggest that diosgenin may be a potential candidate for improving symptoms of PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hurmat Malik
- Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Usman
- Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Mehreen Arif
- Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Zainab Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Gowhar Ali
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Khalid Rauf
- Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Robert D. E. Sewell
- Cardiff School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
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22
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Küçükçongar Yavaş A, Engin Erdal A, Çıtak Kurt AN, Kurt T, Cankurt İ, Ünal Uzun Ö. Difficult to think about but easy to treat: scurvy. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2023; 0:jpem-2023-0129. [PMID: 37193674 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2023-0129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Severe vitamin C deficiency, or scurvy, presents as a syndrome of multisystem abnormalities associated with defective collagen synthesis and antioxidative functions. The many clinical features of scurvy lead to frequent misdiagnoses, as they can often point to other diseases, such as vasculitis, venous thrombosis and musculoskeletal disorders. As such, an extensive workup is recommended in cases in which scurvy is suspected. CASE PRESENTATION A 21-month-old male patient and a 36-month-old female patient presented with difficulty in walking, painful joint movements, irritability, gingival hypertrophy and bleeding. After exhaustive investigations and risky invasive procedures, vitamin C deficiency was diagnosed in both cases, and the symptoms improved dramatically with vitamin C treatment. CONCLUSIONS The importance of taking a dietary history in pediatric patients is highly recommended. In cases where scurvy is considered, serum ascorbic acid levels should be checked to confirm the diagnosis prior to conducting invasive tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aynur Küçükçongar Yavaş
- Department of Pediatric Metabolic Diseases, Children's Hospital, Ankara Bilkent City Hospital, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Ayşenur Engin Erdal
- Department of Pediatric Metabolic Diseases, Children's Hospital, Ankara Bilkent City Hospital, Çankaya, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Ayşegül Neşe Çıtak Kurt
- Department of Pediatric Neurology Diseases, Children's Hospital, Ankara Bilkent City Hospital, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Tuba Kurt
- Department of Pediatric Romatology Diseases, Children's Hospital, Ankara Bilkent City Hospital, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - İlknur Cankurt
- Department of Pediatric Neurology Diseases, Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Özlem Ünal Uzun
- Department of Pediatric Metabolic Diseases, Kocaeli University Faculty of Medicine, Kocaeli, Türkiye
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23
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Trovato B, Godos J, Varrasi S, Roggio F, Castellano S, Musumeci G. Physical Activity, Sun Exposure, Vitamin D Intake and Perceived Stress in Italian Adults. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15102301. [PMID: 37242183 DOI: 10.3390/nu15102301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The last decades of global development have, due to rapid urbanization, pressuring entire populations to changes in lifestyle and dietary habits, led to an increase in the prevalence of mental disorders, including stress. This study explored how lifestyle and dietary factors, such as physical activity, sun exposure, and vitamin D intake are related to perceived stress in a Mediterranean-based population. Physical activity level was evaluated using the international physical activity questionnaires (IPAQ), sun exposure was evaluated using the sunlight exposure measurement questionnaire (SEM-Q), and validated food frequency questionnaires (FFQs) were used to assess dietary intakes. The perceived stress of the study participants was evaluated using the perceived stress scale (PSS). Multivariate logistic regression models were used to test for potential associations. In the most adjusted model, an inverse association between physical activity level, sunlight exposure, vitamin D intake, and high perceived stress was found (OR = 0.72, 95% CI: 0.51, 1.00, OR = 0.72, 95% CI: 0.52, 0.99, OR = 0.69, 95% CI: 0.53, 0.89, respectively). However, when stratifying the population by level of physical activity, the retrieved associations with sunlight exposure and dietary vitamin D intake were significant only among those individuals reporting being moderately to highly physically active (OR = 0.16, 95% CI: 0.08, 0.33 and OR = 0.46, 95% CI: 0.28, 0.76, respectively), while results on low physically active participants were null. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that higher dietary intake of vitamin D and sunlight exposure are associated with a lower likelihood of having high perceived stress among physically active individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Trovato
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Anatomy, Histology and Movement Science, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 97, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Justyna Godos
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Simone Varrasi
- Department of Educational Sciences, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy
| | - Federico Roggio
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Anatomy, Histology and Movement Science, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 97, 95123 Catania, Italy
- Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Unit, Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, Via Giovanni Pascoli 6, 90144 Palermo, Italy
| | - Sabrina Castellano
- Department of Educational Sciences, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Musumeci
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Anatomy, Histology and Movement Science, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 97, 95123 Catania, Italy
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24
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Jarmakiewicz-Czaja S, Ferenc K, Filip R. Antioxidants as Protection against Reactive Oxidative Stress in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13040573. [PMID: 37110231 PMCID: PMC10146410 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13040573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) belongs to a group of chronic diseases characterised by periods of exacerbation and remission. Despite many studies and observations, its aetiopathogenesis is still not fully understood. The interactions of genetic, immunological, microbiological, and environmental factors can induce disease development and progression, but there is still a lack of information on these mechanisms. One of the components that can increase the risk of occurrence of IBD, as well as disease progression, is oxidative stress. Oxidative stress occurs when there is an imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidants. The endogenous and exogenous components that make up the body's antioxidant defence can significantly affect IBD prophylaxis and reduce the risk of exacerbation by neutralising and removing ROS, as well as influencing the inflammatory state.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Katarzyna Ferenc
- Institute of Medicine, Medical College of Rzeszow University, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Rafał Filip
- Institute of Medicine, Medical College of Rzeszow University, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland
- Department of Gastroenterology with IBD Unit, Clinical Hospital No. 2, 35-301 Rzeszow, Poland
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25
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Carr AC, Bradley HA, Vlasiuk E, Pierard H, Beddow J, Rucklidge JJ. Inflammation and Vitamin C in Women with Prenatal Depression and Anxiety: Effect of Multinutrient Supplementation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12040941. [PMID: 37107316 PMCID: PMC10136104 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12040941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Elevated inflammation has been associated with adverse mood states, such as depression and anxiety, and antioxidant nutrients, such as vitamin C, have been associated with decreased inflammation and improved mood. In the current study comprising a cohort of pregnant women with depression and anxiety, we hypothesised that elevated inflammation would be associated with adverse mood states and inversely associated with vitamin C status and that multinutrient supplementation would optimise vitamin concentrations and attenuate inflammation. Sixty-one participants from the NUTRIMUM trial had blood samples collected between 12 and 24 weeks gestation (baseline) and following 12 weeks of daily supplementation with a multinutrient formula containing 600 mg of vitamin C or active placebo. The samples were analysed for inflammatory biomarkers (C-reactive protein (CRP) and cytokines) and vitamin C content and were related to scales of depression and anxiety. Positive correlations were observed between interleukin-6 (IL-6) and all of the mood scales administered (p < 0.05), including the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, the Clinical Global Impressions-Severity Scale, the Montgomery and Åsberg Depression Rating Scale, the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale 21, and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7). CRP correlated weakly with GAD-7 (p = 0.05). There was an inverse correlation between CRP and the vitamin C status of the cohort (p = 0.045), although there was no association of the latter with the mood scales (p > 0.05). Supplementation with the multinutrient formula resulted in a significant increase in the vitamin C status of the cohort (p = 0.007) but did not affect the inflammatory biomarker concentrations (p > 0.05). In conclusion, greater systemic inflammation was associated with worse mood states; however, 12-week multinutrient supplementation did not alter inflammatory biomarker concentrations. Nevertheless, the vitamin C status of the cohort was improved with supplementation, which may aid pregnancy and infant outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anitra C Carr
- Nutrition in Medicine Research Group, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch 8011, New Zealand
| | - Hayley A Bradley
- School of Psychology, Speech and Hearing, University of Canterbury, Christchurch 8041, New Zealand
| | - Emma Vlasiuk
- Nutrition in Medicine Research Group, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch 8011, New Zealand
| | - Hayley Pierard
- Centre for Postgraduate Nursing Studies, University of Otago, Christchurch 8011, New Zealand
| | - Jessica Beddow
- Centre for Postgraduate Nursing Studies, University of Otago, Christchurch 8011, New Zealand
| | - Julia J Rucklidge
- School of Psychology, Speech and Hearing, University of Canterbury, Christchurch 8041, New Zealand
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26
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Jazvinšćak Jembrek M, Oršolić N, Karlović D, Peitl V. Flavonols in Action: Targeting Oxidative Stress and Neuroinflammation in Major Depressive Disorder. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24086888. [PMID: 37108052 PMCID: PMC10138550 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24086888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder is one of the most common mental illnesses that highly impairs quality of life. Pharmacological interventions are mainly focused on altered monoamine neurotransmission, which is considered the primary event underlying the disease's etiology. However, many other neuropathological mechanisms that contribute to the disease's progression and clinical symptoms have been identified. These include oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, hippocampal atrophy, reduced synaptic plasticity and neurogenesis, the depletion of neurotrophic factors, and the dysfunction of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Current therapeutic options are often unsatisfactory and associated with adverse effects. This review highlights the most relevant findings concerning the role of flavonols, a ubiquitous class of flavonoids in the human diet, as potential antidepressant agents. In general, flavonols are considered to be both an effective and safe therapeutic option in the management of depression, which is largely based on their prominent antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects. Moreover, preclinical studies have provided evidence that they are capable of restoring the neuroendocrine control of the HPA axis, promoting neurogenesis, and alleviating depressive-like behavior. Although these findings are promising, they are still far from being implemented in clinical practice. Hence, further studies are needed to more comprehensively evaluate the potential of flavonols with respect to the improvement of clinical signs of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Jazvinšćak Jembrek
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- School of Medicine, Catholic University of Croatia, Ilica 242, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nada Oršolić
- Division of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Rooseveltov trg 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dalibor Karlović
- School of Medicine, Catholic University of Croatia, Ilica 242, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Psychiatry, Sestre Milosrdnice University Hospital Center, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vjekoslav Peitl
- School of Medicine, Catholic University of Croatia, Ilica 242, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Psychiatry, Sestre Milosrdnice University Hospital Center, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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27
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Khan N, Singh AK, Saneja A. Preparation, Characterization, and Antioxidant Activity of L-Ascorbic Acid/HP- β-Cyclodextrin Inclusion Complex-Incorporated Electrospun Nanofibers. Foods 2023; 12:foods12071363. [PMID: 37048184 PMCID: PMC10093489 DOI: 10.3390/foods12071363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
L-Ascorbic acid (LAA) is a key vitamin, implicated in a variety of physiological processes in humans. Due to its free radical scavenging activity, it is extensively employed as an excipient in pharmaceutical products and food supplements. However, its application is greatly impeded by poor thermal and aqueous stability. Herein, to improve the stability and inhibit oxidative degradation, we prepared LAA-cyclodextrin inclusion complex-incorporated nanofibers (NFs). The continuous variation method (Job plot) demonstrated that LAA forms inclusions with hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) at a 2:1 molar stoichiometric ratio. The NFs were prepared via the single step electrospinning technique, without using any polymer matrix. The solid-state characterizations of LAA/HP-β-CD-NF via powder x-ray diffractometry (PXRD), Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) analysis, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), and nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR and 2D-NOESY) spectroscopy, reveal the effective encapsulation of the LAA (guest molecule) inside the HP-β-CD (host) cavity. The SEM micrograph reveals an average fiber diameter of ~339 nm. The outcomes of the thermal investigations demonstrated that encapsulation of LAA within HP-β-CD cavities provides improved thermal stability of LAA (by increasing the thermal degradation temperature). The radical scavenging assay demonstrated the enhanced antioxidant potential of LAA/HP-β-CD-NF, as compared to native LAA. Overall, the study shows that cyclodextrin inclusion complex-incorporated NFs, are an effective approach for improving the limitations associated with LAA, and provide promising avenues in its therapeutic and food applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabab Khan
- Formulation Laboratory, Dietetics and Nutrition Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur 176061, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Amit Kumar Singh
- Formulation Laboratory, Dietetics and Nutrition Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur 176061, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Ankit Saneja
- Formulation Laboratory, Dietetics and Nutrition Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur 176061, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
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28
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Zhao H, Han X, Zhang X, Li L, Li Y, Wang W, McIntyre RS, Teopiz KM, Guo L, Lu C. Dissecting Causal Associations of Diet-Derived Circulating Antioxidants with Six Major Mental Disorders: A Mendelian Randomization Study. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12010162. [PMID: 36671024 PMCID: PMC9855039 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12010162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Although observational studies have suggested associations between circulating antioxidants and many mental disorders, causal inferences have not been confirmed. Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses were conducted using summary-level statistics from genome-wide association studies (GWASs) to explore whether genetically determined absolute circulating antioxidants (i.e., ascorbate, retinol, β-carotene, and lycopene) and metabolites (i.e., α- and γ-tocopherol, ascorbate, and retinol) were causally associated with the risk of six major mental disorders, including anxiety disorders (AD), major depressive disorder (MDD), bipolar disorder (BIP), schizophrenia (SCZ), post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). MR analyses were performed per specific-outcome databases, including the largest GWAS published to date (from 9725 for OCD to 413,466 for BIP participants), UK Biobank (over 370,000 participants), and FinnGen (over 270,000 participants), followed by meta-analyses. We found no significant evidence that genetically determined diet-derived circulating antioxidants were significantly causally associated with the risk of the six above-mentioned major mental disorders. For absolute antioxidant levels, the odds ratios (ORs) ranged from 0.91 (95% CI, 0.67-1.23) for the effect of β-carotene on OCD to 1.18 (95% CI, 0.90-1.54) for the effect of ascorbate on OCD. Similarly, for antioxidant metabolites, ORs ranged from 0.87 (95% CI, 0.55-1.38) for the effect of ascorbate on MDD to 1.08 (95% CI, 0.88-1.33) for the effect of ascorbate on OCD. Our study does not support significant causal associations of genetically determined diet-derived circulating antioxidants with the risk of major mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhao
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xue Han
- Department of Psychiatry, Shenzhen Nanshan Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen 518054, China
| | - Xuening Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Lingjiang Li
- Mental Health Institute of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Yanzhi Li
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Wanxin Wang
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Roger S McIntyre
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada
| | - Kayla M Teopiz
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada
| | - Lan Guo
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Ciyong Lu
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
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29
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Repova K, Baka T, Krajcirovicova K, Stanko P, Aziriova S, Reiter RJ, Simko F. Melatonin as a Potential Approach to Anxiety Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232416187. [PMID: 36555831 PMCID: PMC9788115 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232416187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Anxiety disorders are the most common mental diseases. Anxiety and the associated physical symptoms may disturb social and occupational life and increase the risk of somatic diseases. The pathophysiology of anxiety development is complex and involves alterations in stress hormone production, neurosignaling pathways or free radical production. The various manifestations of anxiety, its complex pathophysiological background and the side effects of available treatments underlie the quest for constantly seeking therapies for these conditions. Melatonin, an indolamine produced in the pineal gland and released into the blood on a nightly basis, has been demonstrated to exert anxiolytic action in animal experiments and different clinical conditions. This hormone influences a number of physiological actions either via specific melatonin receptors or by receptor-independent pleiotropic effects. The underlying pathomechanism of melatonin's benefit in anxiety may reside in its sympatholytic action, interaction with the renin-angiotensin and glucocorticoid systems, modulation of interneuronal signaling and its extraordinary antioxidant and radical scavenging nature. Of importance, the concentration of this indolamine is significantly higher in cerebrospinal fluid than in the blood. Thus, ensuring sufficient melatonin production by reducing light pollution, which suppresses melatonin levels, may represent an endogenous neuroprotective and anxiolytic treatment. Since melatonin is freely available, economically undemanding and has limited side effects, it may be considered an additional or alternative treatment for various conditions associated with anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Repova
- Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Sasinkova 4, 81108 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Tomas Baka
- Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Sasinkova 4, 81108 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Kristina Krajcirovicova
- Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Sasinkova 4, 81108 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Peter Stanko
- Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Sasinkova 4, 81108 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Silvia Aziriova
- Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Sasinkova 4, 81108 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Russel J. Reiter
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, UT Health San Antonio, Long School of Medicine, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Fedor Simko
- Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Sasinkova 4, 81108 Bratislava, Slovakia
- 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, 83305 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 84505 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +421-(0)2-59357276
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30
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From antioxidant to neuromodulator: The role of ascorbate in the management of major depression disorder. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 206:115300. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Srichomphu P, Wattanathorn J, Thukham-mee W, Muchimapura S. Anxiety, Insomnia, and Memory Impairment in Metabolic Syndrome Rats Are Alleviated by the Novel Functional Ingredients from Anacardium occidentale. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:2203. [PMID: 36358575 PMCID: PMC9686671 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11112203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite an increase in the coexistence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and psychological disorders, together with their great impact on socio-economic burdens, no protective strategies that focus on these situations are available. Due to the role of oxidative stress in the pathophysiology of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and psychological disorders, we hypothesized that substances possessing antioxidant activity such as the novel functional ingredients from Anacardium occidentale (AO) could mitigate common psychological disorders in MetS rats. Male Wistar rats, weighing 200-250 g, were induced with MetS through a 12-week high-fat and high-cholesterol diet (HFHC). Then, they were given AO orally via a gastric gavage needle at doses of 1, 10 and 100 mg/kg BW for 14 days. Spatial memory, anxiety, depression, and sleep behaviors, together with changes in oxidative stress status and neurotransmitters, were assessed. All doses of AO significantly improved memory, anxiety, and sleep, together with the suppression of oxidative stress, AChE, and GABA-T in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus. These results suggest the protective effect of AO against anxiety, insomnia, and memory impairment that coexist with the MetS condition via an improvement in oxidative stress and the functions of the cholinergic and GABAergic systems. However, this benefit requires clinical confirmation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratthana Srichomphu
- Department of Physiology and Graduate School (Neuroscience Program), Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Jintanaporn Wattanathorn
- Research Institute for High Human Performance and Health Promotion, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Wipawee Thukham-mee
- Research Institute for High Human Performance and Health Promotion, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Supaporn Muchimapura
- Research Institute for High Human Performance and Health Promotion, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
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32
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Sobczak A, Danowska‐Oziewicz M, Ząbek K, Miciński J, Narwojsz A. Effect of vitamin C fortification on the quality of cow's and goat's yoghurt. Food Sci Nutr 2022; 10:3621-3626. [DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alicja Sobczak
- Department of Sheep and Goat Breeding, Faculty of Animal Bioengineering University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn Olsztyn Poland
| | - Marzena Danowska‐Oziewicz
- Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Food Sciences University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn Olsztyn Poland
| | - Katarzyna Ząbek
- Department of Sheep and Goat Breeding, Faculty of Animal Bioengineering University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn Olsztyn Poland
| | - Jan Miciński
- Department of Sheep and Goat Breeding, Faculty of Animal Bioengineering University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn Olsztyn Poland
| | - Agnieszka Narwojsz
- Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Food Sciences University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn Olsztyn Poland
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Vitamin C Is Essential for the Maintenance of Skeletal Muscle Functions. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11070955. [PMID: 36101336 PMCID: PMC9312141 DOI: 10.3390/biology11070955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin C (L-ascorbic acid, VC) is a water-soluble antioxidant essential for collagen polymerization. Previously, we reported that long-term VC deficiency causes muscle atrophy and deterioration in physical ability using female senescence marker protein-30 (SMP30)-deficient mice with a lack of VC synthesis, which is similar to that observed in humans. To determine whether these findings also hold true for male SMP30-deficient mice, two-month-old male SMP30-deficient mice were divided into two groups: the VC-treated group (VC(+)) was administered 1.5 g/L VC, and the VC-untreated group (VC(−)) was supplied water without VC. The VC level at four weeks in the gastrocnemius muscles from the VC(+) and VC(−) groups was 205.7 ± 8.5 nmol/g tissue and 13.1 ± 0.6 nmol/g tissue, respectively. Thus, four weeks was enough to reduce the VC level in the skeletal muscle in the VC-untreated group. On the other hand, muscle weights of the gastrocnemius, soleus, plantaris, tibialis anterior, and extensor digitorum longus in the VC(−) group were significantly reduced by VC deficiency after twelve weeks. The physical endurance of the VC(−) group at eight weeks was markedly lower than that of the VC(+) group. The grasping strength and activity in the cage in the nocturnal phases of the VC(−) group were markedly lower at twelve and sixteen weeks than those of the VC(+) group. Interestingly, muscle atrophy and declined physical ability were completely restored with VC supplementation for twelve weeks after VC deficiency. Thus, VC is essential for maintaining skeletal muscle function in both male and female SMP30-deficient mice with a lack of VC synthesis.
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Ascorbic acid along with ciprofloxacin regulates S. aureus induced microglial inflammatory responses and oxidative stress through TLR-2 and glucocorticoid receptor modulation. Inflammopharmacology 2022; 30:1303-1322. [PMID: 35704229 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-022-01012-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Microglial inflammatory responses play a central role in the pathogenesis of S. aureus induced brain infections. Upon activation, microglia produces free radicals (ROS/RNS) and disrupts the cellular antioxidant defense to combat invading microorganisms. Despite conventional antibiotic or steroid therapy, microglial over-activation could not be controlled. So, an attempt had been taken by using a natural antioxidant ascorbic acid along with ciprofloxacin to regulate microglial over-activation by involving TLR-2 and glucocorticoid receptor (GR) in an in-vitro cell culture-based study. Combinatorial treatment during TLR-2 neutralization effectively reduced the bacterial burden at 60 min compared to the GR blocking condition (p < 0.05). Moreover, the infection-induced H2O2, O2.-, and NO release in microglial cell culture was diminished possibly by enhancing SOD and catalase activities in the same condition (p < 0.05). The arginase activity was markedly increased after TLR-2 blocking in the combinatorial group compared to single treatments (p < 0.05). Experimental results indicated that combinatorial treatment may act through up-regulating GR expression by augmenting endogenous corticosterone levels. However, better bacterial clearance could further suppress the TLR-2 mediated pro-inflammatory NF-κB signaling. From Western blot analysis, it was concluded that ciprofloxacin-ascorbic acid combination in presence of anti-TLR-2 antibody exhibited 81.25% inhibition of TLR-2 expression while the inhibition for GR was 3.57% with respect to the infected group. Therefore, during TLR-2 blockade ascorbic acid combination might be responsible for the restoration of redox balance in microglia via modulating TLR-2/GR interaction. The combination treatment could play a major role in the neuroendocrine-immune regulation of S. aureus induced microglial activation.
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Li P, Chen X, Wu G, Wang Z, Huang C. Ascorbic Acid Sensor Based on CdS QDs@PDA Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27072097. [PMID: 35408497 PMCID: PMC9000657 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27072097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
An ascorbic acid (AA) sensor was constructed based on the fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) between CdS quantum dots (CdS QDs) and polydopamine (PDA) to detect trace AA sensitively. FRET occurred due to the broad absorption spectrum of PDA completely overlapped with the narrow emission spectrum of CdS QDs. The fluorescence of CdS QDs was quenched and in the "off" state. When AA was present, the conversion of DA to PDA was hindered and the FRET disappeared, resulting in the fluorescence of CdS QDs in an "on" state. Importantly, the degree of fluorescence recovery of CdS QDs displayed a desirable linear correlation with the concentration of AA in the range of 5.0-100.0 μmol/L, the linear equation is y=0.0119cAA+0.3113, and the detection limit is 1.16 μmol/L (S/N = 3, n = 9). There was almost no interference with common amino acid, glucose and biological sulfhydryl small molecules to AA. Trace amount of AA in vitamin C tablets were determined and satisfactory results were obtained; the recoveries were observed to be 98.01-100.7%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pu Li
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China; (P.L.); (X.C.)
| | - Xiaoxiao Chen
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China; (P.L.); (X.C.)
| | - Gaojun Wu
- Xingzhi College, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China; (G.W.); (Z.W.)
| | - Zhe Wang
- Xingzhi College, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China; (G.W.); (Z.W.)
| | - Chaobiao Huang
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China; (P.L.); (X.C.)
- Xingzhi College, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China; (G.W.); (Z.W.)
- Correspondence:
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36
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Riveros ME, Ávila A, Schruers K, Ezquer F. Antioxidant Biomolecules and Their Potential for the Treatment of Difficult-to-Treat Depression and Conventional Treatment-Resistant Depression. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:540. [PMID: 35326190 PMCID: PMC8944633 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11030540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Major depression is a devastating disease affecting an increasing number of people from a young age worldwide, a situation that is expected to be worsened by the COVID-19 pandemic. New approaches for the treatment of this disease are urgently needed since available treatments are not effective for all patients, take a long time to produce an effect, and are not well-tolerated in many cases; moreover, they are not safe for all patients. There is solid evidence showing that the antioxidant capacity is lower and the oxidative damage is higher in the brains of depressed patients as compared with healthy controls. Mitochondrial disfunction is associated with depression and other neuropsychiatric disorders, and this dysfunction can be an important source of oxidative damage. Additionally, neuroinflammation that is commonly present in the brain of depressive patients highly contributes to the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). There is evidence showing that pro-inflammatory diets can increase depression risk; on the contrary, an anti-inflammatory diet such as the Mediterranean diet can decrease it. Therefore, it is interesting to evaluate the possible role of plant-derived antioxidants in depression treatment and prevention as well as other biomolecules with high antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential such as the molecules paracrinely secreted by mesenchymal stem cells. In this review, we evaluated the preclinical and clinical evidence showing the potential effects of different antioxidant and anti-inflammatory biomolecules as antidepressants, with a focus on difficult-to-treat depression and conventional treatment-resistant depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Eugenia Riveros
- Centro de Fisiología Celular e Integrativa, Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana-Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago 7710162, Chile
| | - Alba Ávila
- Centro de Medicina Regenerativa, Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana-Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago 7710162, Chile;
| | - Koen Schruers
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6229 Maastricht, The Netherlands;
| | - Fernando Ezquer
- Centro de Medicina Regenerativa, Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana-Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago 7710162, Chile;
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37
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Du YT, Long Y, Tang W, Liu XF, Dai F, Zhou B. Prooxidative inhibition against NF-κB-mediated inflammation by pharmacological vitamin C. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 180:85-94. [PMID: 35038551 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin C (VC), widely found in vegetables and fruits, operates as an electron donor to perform various biological functions including anti-inflammatory activity. However, the mechanisms by which VC inhibits inflammation remain insufficiently understood. Accordingly, we performed a detail mechanistic study on anti-inflammatory activity of VC at millimolar (pharmacological) concentrations in lipopolysaccharides-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. It was found that VC and its two-electron oxidative product, dehydroascorbate (DHA) constructs an efficient redox cycle with the aid of intracellular glutathione and copper ions, thereby facilitating the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the ROS-dependent inhibition against the NF-κB-mediated inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ting Du
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui Street S., Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China; Department of Chemistry, Xinzhou Teachers University, Xinzhou, Shanxi, 034000, China
| | - Ying Long
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui Street S., Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
| | - Wei Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui Street S., Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
| | - Xue-Feng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui Street S., Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China; School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui Street S., Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
| | - Fang Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui Street S., Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
| | - Bo Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui Street S., Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China.
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38
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Chamorro F, Carpena M, Fraga-Corral M, Echave J, Riaz Rajoka MS, Barba FJ, Cao H, Xiao J, Prieto MA, Simal-Gandara J. Valorization of kiwi agricultural waste and industry by-products by recovering bioactive compounds and applications as food additives: A circular economy model. Food Chem 2022; 370:131315. [PMID: 34788958 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Currently, agricultural production generates large amounts of organic waste, both from the maintenance of farms and crops (agricultural wastes) and from the industrialization of the product (food industry waste). In the case of Actinidia cultivation, agricultural waste groups together leaves, flowers, stems and roots while food industry by-products are represented by discarded fruits, skin and seeds. All these matrices are now underexploited and so, they can be revalued as a natural source of ingredients to be applied in food, cosmetic or pharmaceutical industries. Kiwifruit composition (phenolic compounds, volatile compounds, vitamins, minerals, dietary fiber, etc.) is an outstanding basis, especially for its high content in vitamin C and phenolic compounds. These compounds possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory or antimicrobial activities, among other beneficial properties for health, but stand out for their digestive enhancement and prebiotic role. Although the biological properties of kiwi fruit have been analyzed, few studies show the high content of compounds with biological functions present in these by-products. Therefore, agricultural and food industry wastes derived from processing kiwi are regarded as useful matrices for the development of innovative applications in the food (pectins, softeners, milk coagulants, and colorants), cosmetic (ecological pigments) and pharmaceutical industry (fortified, functional, nutraceutical, or prebiotic foods). This strategy will provide economic and environmental benefits, turning this industry into a sustainable and environmentally friendly production system, promoting a circular and sustainable economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Chamorro
- Universidade de Vigo, Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Science, E-32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - M Carpena
- Universidade de Vigo, Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Science, E-32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - M Fraga-Corral
- Universidade de Vigo, Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Science, E-32004 Ourense, Spain; Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolonia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - J Echave
- Universidade de Vigo, Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Science, E-32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - Muhammad Shahid Riaz Rajoka
- Food and Feed Immunology Group, Laboratory of Animal Food Function, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan
| | - Francisco J Barba
- Nutrition and Food Science Area, Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Food Science, Toxicology and Fo-rensic Medicine Department, Universitat de València, Faculty of Pharmacy, Avda, Vicent Andrés Estellés, s/n, Burjassot 46100, València, Spain
| | - Hui Cao
- Universidade de Vigo, Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Science, E-32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - Jianbo Xiao
- Universidade de Vigo, Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Science, E-32004 Ourense, Spain; International Reserch Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - M A Prieto
- Universidade de Vigo, Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Science, E-32004 Ourense, Spain; Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolonia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - J Simal-Gandara
- Universidade de Vigo, Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Science, E-32004 Ourense, Spain.
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Multi-Level Immune Support by Vitamins C and D during the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14030689. [PMID: 35277048 PMCID: PMC8840673 DOI: 10.3390/nu14030689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamins C and D have well-known immune supportive roles, with deficiencies in both vitamins predisposing to increased risk and severity of respiratory infections. Numerous studies have indicated that administration of these vitamins, particularly to people who are deficient, can decrease the risk and severity of respiratory infections. This has stimulated an interest in the potential efficacy of these vitamins in people with novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) infection and its more severe disease (COVID-19). In this overview, we highlight the current research evidence around the multiple levels of immune support provided by vitamins C and D in the context of general respiratory infections and with a focus on the current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. These include: prevention of infection; attenuating infection symptoms and severity; adjunctive therapy for severe disease; attenuating ongoing sequelae (e.g., long COVID); and immunisation support. Although some of these topics have not yet been investigated in great depth concerning SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19, extensive research into the role of these vitamins in general respiratory infections has highlighted directions for future research in the current pandemic.
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40
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Wang Q, Lu M, Zhu X, Gu X, Zhang T, Xia C, Yang L, Xu Y, Zhou M. Brain Mitochondrial Dysfunction: A Possible Mechanism Links Early Life Anxiety to Alzheimer’s Disease in Later Life. Aging Dis 2022; 13:1127-1145. [PMID: 35855329 PMCID: PMC9286915 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2022.0221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Qixue Wang
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Medicine Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengna Lu
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Medicine Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xinyu Zhu
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Medicine Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xinyi Gu
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Medicine Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Medicine Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenyi Xia
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Li Yang
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Medicine Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Xu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Mingmei Zhou
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Medicine Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Correspondence should be addressed to: Dr. Mingmei Zhou, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China. E-mail:
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Wang A, Luo J, Zhang T, Zhang D. Dietary Vitamin C and Vitamin C Derived from Vegetables Are Inversely Associated with the Risk of Depressive Symptoms among the General Population. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10121984. [PMID: 34943087 PMCID: PMC8750333 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10121984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin C is a water-soluble antioxidant. Reducing the level of oxidative stress can alleviate depression. Therefore, we investigated the correlation between dietary vitamin C intake and the risk of depressive symptoms in the general population. Data from the 2007–2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were used in our study. The dietary intake of vitamin C was assessed by two 24-h dietary recalls. Depressive symptoms were assessed with the Patient Health Questionnaire-9. Logistic regression and restricted cubic spline models were applied to assess the relationship between dietary vitamin C intake and the risk of depressive symptoms. The multivariate adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval) of depressive symptoms for the highest vs. lowest category of dietary vitamin C intake and vitamin C intake derived from vegetables were 0.73 (0.58–0.91) and 0.73 (0.56–0.95). In subgroup analyses, dietary vitamin C intake was negatively correlated with the risk of depressive symptoms in females 18–39 years old and 40–59 year-old groups. A dose-response analysis showed that there was a nonlinear relationship between dietary vitamin C intake and the risk of depressive symptoms. Dietary vitamin C intake and vitamin C intake derived from vegetables were inversely associated with the risk of depressive symptoms among the general population. We recommend increasing the intake of vegetables in daily diet.
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Essential features for antioxidant capacity of ascorbic acid (vitamin C). J Mol Model 2021; 28:1. [PMID: 34862566 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-021-04994-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin C or ascorbic acid is an indispensable micronutrient for human health found principally on citrus species such as lemon and orange fruits and vegetables. It was involved in the production of proteins such as collagen. Its biochemical mechanism is related to its antioxidant capacity; however, its function at the cellular level is still unclear. Several theoretical studies about antioxidant and redox mechanisms for ascorbic acid were suggested; however, no derivative was proposed. Thereby, an electronic study of antioxidant capacity for ascorbic acid derivatives was performed using theoretical chemistry at the DFT/ B3LYP/6-311 + + (2d,2p) level of theory. Simplified derivatives show that enol hydroxyls are more important than any other functional group. The vicinal enolic hydroxyl on β position is more important for antioxidant capacity of ascorbic than hydroxyl on α position. According to our molecular modifications, the keto-alkene compound showed the best values when compared to ascorbic acid in some molecular characteristics. No lactone derivatives have superior application potential as antioxidant when compared with ascorbic acid. Several structures are possible to be proposed and were related to spin density contributions and the increase of chemical stability. New promising structural derivatives related to ascorbic acid can be developed in the future.
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Maratha S, Sharma V, Walia V. Antidepressant Like Effect of Ascorbic Acid in Mice: Possible Involvement of NO-sGC-cGMP Signaling. Neurochem Res 2021; 47:967-978. [PMID: 34825298 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-021-03496-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The present study was designed to determine the antidepressant like activity of ascorbic acid (AA) in mice. Further the influence of NO-sGC-cGMP signaling in the antidepressant like effect of AA in mice was determined. Male swiss albino mice were used in the present study. Mice in the control group received saline and fluoxetine (10 mg/kg, i.p.) was used as the standard antidepressant drug. AA (50, 100 and 150 mg/kg, i.p.) was administered to the mice and depression related behavior were determined using tail suspension test (TST) and forced swim test (FST). Further the whole brain nitrite and serotonin levels were also determined. It was observed that the administration of AA (100 mg/kg, i.p.) reversed the depression like behavior in mice in TST and FST. AA (100 mg/kg, i.p.) treatment decreased the level of nitrite and increased the level of serotonin in the brain of mice significantly as compared to control. Further the behavioral and neurochemical effect of AA (50 mg/kg, i.p) was studied in NO modulator [NO donor: L-Arginine (50 mg/kg, i.p); NO-sGC inhibitor: methylene blue (1 mg/kg, i.p.) and cGMP modulator: sildenafil (1 mg/kg, i.p.)] pretreated mice. It was observed that the pretreatment of NO donor and cGMP modulator counteracted the effect conferred by AA (50 mg/kg, i.p). While the pretreatment of NO-sGC inhibitor potentiated the effect conferred by AA (50 mg/kg, i.p). The present study suggested that the AA confer antidepressant like effect in mice and NO-sGC-cGMP signaling pathway influence the antidepressant like effect of AA in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushma Maratha
- SGT College of Pharmacy, SGT University, Gurugram, India
| | - Vijay Sharma
- SGT College of Pharmacy, SGT University, Gurugram, India
| | - Vaibhav Walia
- SGT College of Pharmacy, SGT University, Gurugram, India.
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De Leon A, Jahns L, Roemmich JN, Duke SE, Casperson SL. Consumption of Dietary Guidelines for Americans types and amounts of vegetables increases mean Subjective Happiness Scale scores: A randomized controlled trial. J Acad Nutr Diet 2021; 122:1355-1362. [PMID: 34793989 DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2021.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The health benefits of diets rich in fruits and vegetables (FV) are well established. Recent observational and intervention research suggests that FV consumption may also exert a positive effect on psychological well-being. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to assess changes in mean Subjective Happiness Scale (SHS) scores in response to consuming DGA recommended types and amounts of vegetables. It was hypothesized that increased vegetable consumption would increase mean SHS scores. DESIGN This study investigated a secondary outcome of a randomized, parallel, non-blinded controlled trial with a 1:1 allocation ratio to a provided vegetable intervention or attention control group. PARTICIPANTS/SETTING Men and women (n=75) aged 18-65 years, body mass index ≥25 kg/m2, with low habitual vegetable consumption were recruited from Grand Forks, ND, December 2016 to January 2018, for this community-based study. INTERVENTION The vegetable intervention consisted of an 8-week feeding phase during which participants were provided with vegetables in DGA recommended types and amounts. The attention control group was not provided vegetables but completed the same testing schedule as the vegetable intervention group. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Mean SHS scores were assessed before and after the intervention. STATISTICAL ANALYSES Mean SHS scores were analyzed using a 2-way factorial mixed linear model analysis of variance. RESULTS A significant interaction between treatment and visit (P=0.015) revealed greater mean SHS scores at week 8 than at baseline in the vegetable intervention group (+0.23 ± 0.11 (mean difference ± standard error of the difference) but no change in the attention control group (-0.15 ± 0.11). CONCLUSIONS Greater mean SHS scores were observed after increasing vegetable consumption to meet DGA recommendations, suggesting that adhering to DGA vegetable guidance may help promote psychological well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela De Leon
- Research Nutritionist, USDA, Agriculture Research Services, Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, 2420 2(nd) Ave. North, Grand Forks, ND 58203, USA
| | - Lisa Jahns
- Research Nutritionist (when work was completed), USDA, Agriculture Research Services, Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, 2420 2(nd) Ave. North, Grand Forks, ND 58203, USA
| | - James N Roemmich
- Center Director, Supervisory Research Physiologist, USDA, Agriculture Research Services, Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, 2420 2(nd) Ave. North, Grand Forks, ND 58203, USA
| | - Sara E Duke
- Statistician, USDA, Agriculture Research Services, Office of The Area Director, 2881 F&B Road, College Station, TX 77845, USA
| | - Shanon L Casperson
- Research Biologist, USDA, Agriculture Research Services, Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, 2420 2(nd) Ave. North, Grand Forks, ND 58203, USA.
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Crook J, Horgas A, Yoon SJ, Grundmann O, Johnson-Mallard V. Insufficient Vitamin C Levels among Adults in the United States: Results from the NHANES Surveys, 2003-2006. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13113910. [PMID: 34836166 PMCID: PMC8625707 DOI: 10.3390/nu13113910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin C, well-established in immune function and a key factor in epigenetic inflammatory modifications, is only obtained through consistent dietary intake. Identifying individuals at risk for Vitamin C insufficiency may guide prevention and treatment, however, national surveillance has not been evaluated in the United States since 2006. A descriptive, cross-sectional secondary analysis was performed utilizing data from the 2003–2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) assessing non-institutionalized adults. Five categories of plasma Vitamin C were delineated: deficiency (<11 μmol/L), hypovitaminosis (11–23 μmol/L), inadequate (23–49 μmol/L), adequate (50–69 μmol/L), and saturating (≥70 μmol/L). Results indicated 41.8% of the population possessed insufficient levels (deficiency, hypovitaminosis, and inadequate) of Vitamin C. Males, adults aged 20–59, Black and Mexican Americans, smokers, individuals with increased BMI, middle and high poverty to income ratio and food insecurity were significantly associated with insufficient Vitamin C plasma levels. Plasma Vitamin C levels reveal a large proportion of the population still at risk for inflammatory driven disease with little to no symptoms of Vitamin C hypovitaminosis. Recognition and regulation of the health impact of Vitamin C support the goal of Nutrition and Healthy Eating as part of the Healthy People 2030.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Crook
- Center for Health Equity and Community Engagement Research, Mayo Clinic Hospital, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Ann Horgas
- Biobehavioral Nursing Science, College of Nursing, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (A.H.); (S.-J.Y.)
| | - Saun-Joo Yoon
- Biobehavioral Nursing Science, College of Nursing, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (A.H.); (S.-J.Y.)
| | - Oliver Grundmann
- Entrepreneurial Programs in Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA;
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Alesci A, Fumia A, Lo Cascio P, Miller A, Cicero N. Immunostimulant and Antidepressant Effect of Natural Compounds in the Management of Covid-19 Symptoms. J Am Coll Nutr 2021; 41:840-854. [PMID: 34550044 DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2021.1965503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, the use of natural compounds as adjuvant treatments and alternatives to traditional pharmacological therapies has become increasingly popular. These compounds have a wide range of biological effects, such as: antioxidant, anti-aging, hypocholesterolizing, hypoglycemic, antitumoral, antidepressant, anxiolytic activity, etc. Almost all of these compounds are easily available and are contained in different foods. At the end of 2019 the Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 appeared in China and quickly spread throughout the world, causing a pandemic. The most common symptoms of this infection are dry cough, fever, dyspnea, and in severe cases bilateral interstitial pneumonia, with consequences that can lead to death. The nations, in trying to prevent the spread of infection, have imposed social distancing and lockdown measures on their citizens. This had a strong psychological-social impact, leading to phobic, anxious and depressive states. Pharmacological therapy could be accompanied by treatment with several natural compounds, such as vitamins, baicalein, zinc and essential oils. These compounds possess marked immunostimulant activity, strengthening the immune response and mitigating interactions between the virus and the host cell. They also have an antidepressant effect, acting on certain neurotransmitters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Alesci
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Angelo Fumia
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Padiglione C, A. O. U. Policlinico "G. Martino", Messina, Italy
| | - Patrizia Lo Cascio
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | | | - Nicola Cicero
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Science and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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Barbieri SS, Sandrini L, Musazzi L, Popoli M, Ieraci A. Apocynin Prevents Anxiety-Like Behavior and Histone Deacetylases Overexpression Induced by Sub-Chronic Stress in Mice. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11060885. [PMID: 34203655 PMCID: PMC8232084 DOI: 10.3390/biom11060885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Anxiety disorders are common mental health diseases affecting up to 7% of people around the world. Stress is considered one of the major environmental risk factors to promote anxiety disorders through mechanisms involving epigenetic changes. Moreover, alteration in redox balance and increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production have been detected in anxiety patients and in stressed-animal models of anxiety. Here we tested if the administration of apocynin, a natural origin antioxidant, may prevent the anxiety-like phenotype and reduction of histone acetylation induced by a subchronic forced swimming stress (FSS) paradigm. We found that apocynin prevented the enhanced latency time in the novelty-suppressed feeding test, and the production of malondialdehyde induced by FSS. Moreover, apocynin was able to block the upregulation of p47phox, a key subunit of the NADPH oxidase complex. Finally, apocynin prevented the rise of hippocampal Hdac1, Hdac4 and Hdac5, and the reduction of histone-3 acetylation levels promoted by FSS exposure. In conclusion, our results provide evidence that apocynin reduces the deleterious effect of stress and suggests that oxidative stress may regulate epigenetic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia S. Barbieri
- Unit of Brain-Heart Axis: Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, 20138 Milan, Italy; (S.S.B.); (L.S.)
| | - Leonardo Sandrini
- Unit of Brain-Heart Axis: Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, 20138 Milan, Italy; (S.S.B.); (L.S.)
| | - Laura Musazzi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy;
| | - Maurizio Popoli
- Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology and Functional Neurogenomics, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy;
| | - Alessandro Ieraci
- Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology and Functional Neurogenomics, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy;
- Correspondence:
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Tyagi A, Yeon SJ, Daliri EBM, Chen X, Chelliah R, Oh DH. Untargeted Metabolomics of Korean Fermented Brown Rice Using UHPLC Q-TOF MS/MS Reveal an Abundance of Potential Dietary Antioxidative and Stress-Reducing Compounds. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10040626. [PMID: 33921826 PMCID: PMC8072674 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10040626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Free radical-induced oxidative stress is the root cause of many diseases, such as diabetes, stress and cardiovascular diseases. The objective of this research was to screen GABA levels, antioxidant activities and bioactive compounds in brown rice. In this study, we first fermented brown rice with different lactic acid bacteria (LABs), and the best LAB was selected based on the levels of GABA in the fermentate. Lactobacillus reuterii generated the highest levels of GABA after fermentation. To ascertain whether germination can improve the GABA levels of brown rice, we compared the levels of GABA in raw brown rice (Raw), germinated brown rice (Germ), fermented brown rice (Ferm) and fermented-germinated brown rice (G+F) to identify the best approach. Then, antioxidant activities were investigated for Raw BR, Germ BR, Ferm BR and G+F BR. Antioxidant activity was calculated using a 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazile radical assay, 2,2-azino-bis-(3-ethylene benzothiozoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical assay and ferric-reducing antioxidant power. In Ferm BR, DPPH (114.40 ± 0.66), ABTS (130.52 ± 0.97) and FRAP (111.16 ± 1.83) mg Trolox equivalent 100 g, dry weight (DW), were observed as the highest among all samples. Total phenolic content (97.13 ± 0.59) and total flavonoids contents (79.62 ± 1.33) mg GAE/100 g and catechin equivalent/100 g, DW, were also found to be highest in fermented BR. Furthermore, an untargeted metabolomics approach using ultra-high-performance liquid tandem chromatography quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry revealed the abundance of bioactive compounds in fermented BR, such as GABA, tryptophan, coumaric acid, L-ascorbic acid, linoleic acid, β-carotenol, eugenol, 6-gingerol, etc., as well as bioactive peptides which could contribute to the health-promoting properties of L. reuterii fermented brown rice.
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Ho TC, Teresi GI, Segarra JR, Ojha A, Walker JC, Gu M, Spielman DM, Sacchet MD, Jiang F, Rosenberg-Hasson Y, Maecker H, Gotlib IH. Higher Levels of Pro-inflammatory Cytokines Are Associated With Higher Levels of Glutamate in the Anterior Cingulate Cortex in Depressed Adolescents. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:642976. [PMID: 33935833 PMCID: PMC8081972 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.642976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal models of stress and related conditions, including depression, have shown that elevated peripheral levels of inflammatory cytokines have downstream consequences on glutamate (Glu) in the brain. Although studies in human adults with depression have reported evidence of higher inflammation but lower Glu in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), the extent to which peripheral inflammation contributes to glutamatergic abnormalities in adolescents with depression is not well-understood. It is also unclear whether antioxidants, such as ascorbate (Asc), may buffer against the effects of inflammation on Glu metabolism. Fifty-five depressed adolescents were recruited in the present cross-sectional study and provided blood samples, from which we assayed pro-inflammatory cytokines, and underwent a short-TE proton magnetic spectroscopy scan at 3T, from which we estimated Glu and Asc in the dorsal ACC. In the 31 adolescents with usable cytokine and Glu data, we found that IL-6 was significantly positively associated with dorsal ACC Glu (β = 0.466 ± 0.199, p = 0.029). Of the 16 participants who had usable Asc data, we found that at higher levels of dorsal ACC Asc, there was a negative association between IL-6 and Glu (interaction effect: β = -0.906 ± 0.433, p = 0.034). Importantly, these results remained significant when controlling for age, gender, percentage of gray matter in the dorsal ACC voxel, BMI, and medication (antidepressant and anti-inflammatory) usage. While preliminary, our results underscore the importance of examining both immune and neural contributors to depression and highlight the potential role of anti-inflammatory compounds in mitigating the adverse effects of inflammation (e.g., glutamatergic neuroexcitotoxicity). Future studies that experimentally manipulate levels of inflammation, and of ascorbate, and that characterize these effects on cortical glutamate concentrations and subsequent behavior in animals and in humans are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany C Ho
- Department of Psychiatry and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Giana I Teresi
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Jillian R Segarra
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Amar Ojha
- Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Johanna C Walker
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Meng Gu
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Daniel M Spielman
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Matthew D Sacchet
- Center for Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Research, McLean Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, United States
| | - Fei Jiang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Yael Rosenberg-Hasson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Holden Maecker
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Ian H Gotlib
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
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50
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The Role of Vitamin C in Two Distinct Physiological States: Physical Activity and Sleep. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12123908. [PMID: 33371359 PMCID: PMC7767325 DOI: 10.3390/nu12123908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper is a literature overview of the complex relationship between vitamin C and two opposing physiological states, physical activity and sleep. The evidence suggests a clinically important bidirectional association between these two phenomena mediated by different physiological mechanisms. With this in mind, and knowing that both states share a connection with oxidative stress, we discuss the existing body of evidence to answer the question of whether vitamin C supplementation can be beneficial in the context of sleep health and key aspects of physical activity, such as performance, metabolic changes, and antioxidant function. We analyze the effect of ascorbic acid on the main sleep components, sleep duration and quality, focusing on the most common disorders: insomnia, obstructive sleep apnea, and restless legs syndrome. Deeper understanding of those interactions has implications for both public health and clinical practice.
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