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Gurung M, Mulakala BK, Schlegel BT, Rajasundaram D, Shankar K, Bode L, Ruebel ML, Sims C, Martinez A, Andres A, Yeruva L. Maternal immune cell gene expression associates with maternal gut microbiome, milk composition and infant gut microbiome. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2024; 63:903-918. [PMID: 39209027 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2024.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Revised: 08/06/2024] [Accepted: 08/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pre-pregnancy overweight and obesity promote deleterious health impacts on both mothers during pregnancy and the offspring. Significant changes in the maternal peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) gene expression due to obesity are well-known. However, the impact of pre-pregnancy overweight on immune cell gene expression during pregnancy and its association with maternal and infant outcomes is not well explored. METHODS Blood samples were collected from healthy normal weight (NW, pre-pregnancy BMI 18.5-24.9) or overweight (OW, pre-pregnancy BMI 25-29.9) 2nd parity pregnant women at 12, 24 and 36 weeks of pregnancy. PBMCs were isolated from the blood and subjected to mRNA sequencing. Maternal and infant microbiota were analyzed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Integrative multi-omics data analysis was performed to evaluate the association of gene expression with maternal diet, gut microbiota, milk composition, and infant gut microbiota. RESULTS Gene expression analysis revealed that 453 genes were differentially expressed in the OW women compared to NW women at 12 weeks of pregnancy, out of which 354 were upregulated and 99 were downregulated. Several up-regulated genes in the OW group were enriched in inflammatory, chemokine-mediated signaling and regulation of interleukin-8 production-related pathways. At 36 weeks of pregnancy healthy eating index score was positively associated with several genes that include, DTD1, ELOC, GALNT8, ITGA6-AS1, KRT17P2, NPW, POT1-AS1 and RPL26. In addition, at 36 weeks of pregnancy, genes involved in adipocyte functions, such as NG2 and SMTNL1, were negatively correlated to human milk 2'FL and total fucosylated oligosaccharides content collected at 1 month postnatally. Furthermore, infant Akkermansia was positively associated with maternal PBMC anti-inflammatory genes that include CPS1 and RAB7B, at 12 and 36 weeks of pregnancy. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that prepregnancy overweight impacts the immune cell gene expression profile, particularly at 12 weeks of pregnancy. Furthermore, deciphering the complex association of PBMC's gene expression levels with maternal gut microbiome and milk composition and infant gut microbiome may aid in developing strategies to mitigate obesity-mediated effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Gurung
- Microbiome and Metabolism Research Unit (MMRU), Southeast Area, USDA-ARS, Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Bharath Kumar Mulakala
- Microbiome and Metabolism Research Unit (MMRU), Southeast Area, USDA-ARS, Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR, USA; Texas A & M, IHA, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Brent Thomas Schlegel
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC), Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Dhivyaa Rajasundaram
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC), Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Kartik Shankar
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Lars Bode
- Larsson-Rosenquist Foundation Mother-Milk-Infant Center of Research Excellence, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Meghan L Ruebel
- Microbiome and Metabolism Research Unit (MMRU), Southeast Area, USDA-ARS, Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Clark Sims
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas of Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Audrey Martinez
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas of Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Aline Andres
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas of Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Laxmi Yeruva
- Microbiome and Metabolism Research Unit (MMRU), Southeast Area, USDA-ARS, Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR, USA.
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Han K, Singh K, Meadows AM, Sharma R, Hassanzadeh S, Wu J, Goss-Holmes H, Huffstutler RD, Teague HL, Mehta NN, Griffin JL, Tian R, Traba J, Sack MN. Boosting NAD preferentially blunts Th17 inflammation via arginine biosynthesis and redox control in healthy and psoriasis subjects. Cell Rep Med 2023; 4:101157. [PMID: 37586364 PMCID: PMC10518596 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.101157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
To evaluate whether nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-positive (NAD+) boosting modulates adaptive immunity, primary CD4+ T cells from healthy control and psoriasis subjects were exposed to vehicle or nicotinamide riboside (NR) supplementation. NR blunts interferon γ (IFNγ) and interleukin (IL)-17 secretion with greater effects on T helper (Th) 17 polarization. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis implicates NR blunting of sequestosome 1 (sqstm1/p62)-coupled oxidative stress. NR administration increases sqstm1 and reduces reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. Furthermore, NR activates nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), and genetic knockdown of nrf2 and the Nrf2-dependent gene, sqstm1, diminishes NR amelioratory effects. Metabolomics analysis identifies that NAD+ boosting increases arginine and fumarate biosynthesis, and genetic knockdown of argininosuccinate lyase ameliorates NR effects on IL-17 production. Hence NR via amino acid metabolites orchestrates Nrf2 activation, augments CD4+ T cell antioxidant defenses, and attenuates Th17 responsiveness. Oral NR supplementation in healthy volunteers similarly increases serum arginine, sqstm1, and antioxidant enzyme gene expression and blunts Th17 immune responsiveness, supporting evaluation of NAD+ boosting in CD4+ T cell-linked inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Han
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Biology and Metabolism, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Komudi Singh
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Biology and Metabolism, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Allison M Meadows
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Biology and Metabolism, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Cambridge Systems Biology Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Rahul Sharma
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Biology and Metabolism, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Shahin Hassanzadeh
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Biology and Metabolism, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jing Wu
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Biology and Metabolism, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Haley Goss-Holmes
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Biology and Metabolism, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Heather L Teague
- Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Disease and Inflammation, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nehal N Mehta
- Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Disease and Inflammation, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Julian L Griffin
- Department of Biochemistry and Cambridge Systems Biology Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; The Rowett Institute, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, Foresterhill Campus, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Rong Tian
- Mitochondria and Metabolism Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Javier Traba
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Biology and Metabolism, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA; Instituto Universitario de Biología Molecular-UAM (IUBM-UAM), Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Michael N Sack
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Biology and Metabolism, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Cambridge Systems Biology Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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Stenberg K, Novotny GW, Lutz TA, Mandrup-Poulsen T, Bjørnvad CR. Obesity-induced changes in gene expression in feline adipose and skeletal muscle tissue. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2023; 107:1262-1278. [PMID: 36591865 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Indoor-confined cats are prone to developing obesity due to a sedentary life and an energy intake exceeding energy requirements. As in humans, feline obesity decreases insulin sensitivity and increases the risk of developing feline diabetes mellitus, but the pathophysiological mechanisms are currently poorly understood. Human obesity-related metabolic alterations seem to relate to changes in the expression of genes involved in glucose metabolism, insulin action and inflammation. The objective of the current study was to investigate changes in the expression of genes relating to obesity, glucose metabolism and inflammation in cats with non-experimentally induced obesity. Biopsies from the sartorius muscle and subcutaneous adipose tissue were obtained from 73 healthy, neutered, indoor-confined domestic shorthaired cats ranging from lean to obese. Quantification of obesity-related gene expression levels relative to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase was performed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. A negative association between obesity and adiponectin expression was observed in the adipose tissue (mean ± SD; normal weight, 27.30 × 10-3 ± 77.14 × 10-3 ; overweight, 2.89 × 10-3 ± 0.38 × 10-3 and obese, 2.93 × 10-3 ± 4.20 × 10-3 , p < 0.05). In muscle, the expression of peroxisome proliferative activated receptor-γ2 and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 was increased in the obese compared to the normal-weight cats, and resistin was increased in the normal-weight compared to the overweight cats. There were no detectable obesity-related changes in the messenger RNA levels of inflammatory cytokines. In conclusion, a possible obesity-related low-grade inflammation caused by increased expression of key proinflammatory regulators was not observed. This could imply that the development of feline obesity and ensuing insulin resistance may not be based on tissue-derived inflammation, but caused by several determining factors, many of which still need further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrine Stenberg
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Guy W Novotny
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Departments of Hematology/Pathology, Herlev Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Thomas A Lutz
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse-Faculty University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Charlotte Reinhard Bjørnvad
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
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Chen VY, Siegfried LG, Tomic-Canic M, Stone RC, Pastar I. Cutaneous changes in diabetic patients: Primed for aberrant healing? Wound Repair Regen 2023; 31:700-712. [PMID: 37365017 PMCID: PMC10966665 DOI: 10.1111/wrr.13108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Cutaneous manifestations affect most patients with diabetes mellitus, clinically presenting with numerous dermatologic diseases from xerosis to diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs). Skin conditions not only impose a significantly impaired quality of life on individuals with diabetes but also predispose patients to further complications. Knowledge of cutaneous biology and the wound healing process under diabetic conditions is largely limited to animal models, and studies focusing on biology of the human condition of DFUs remain limited. In this review, we discuss the critical molecular, cellular, and structural changes to the skin in the hyperglycaemic and insulin-resistant environment of diabetes with a focus specifically on human-derived data. Elucidating the breadth of the cutaneous manifestations coupled with effective diabetes management is important for improving patient quality of life and averting future complications including wound healing disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivien Y Chen
- Wound Healing and Regenerative Medicine Research Program, Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Lindsey G Siegfried
- Wound Healing and Regenerative Medicine Research Program, Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Marjana Tomic-Canic
- Wound Healing and Regenerative Medicine Research Program, Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Rivka C Stone
- Wound Healing and Regenerative Medicine Research Program, Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Irena Pastar
- Wound Healing and Regenerative Medicine Research Program, Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
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Wang HW, Tang J, Sun L, Li Z, Deng M, Dai Z. Mechanism of immune attack in the progression of obesity-related type 2 diabetes. World J Diabetes 2023; 14:494-511. [PMID: 37273249 PMCID: PMC10236992 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v14.i5.494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity and overweight are widespread issues in adults, children, and adolescents globally, and have caused a noticeable rise in obesity-related complications such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Chronic low-grade inflammation is an important promotor of the pathogenesis of obesity-related T2DM. This proinflammatory activation occurs in multiple organs and tissues. Immune cell-mediated systemic attack is considered to contribute strongly to impaired insulin secretion, insulin resistance, and other metabolic disorders. This review focused on highlighting recent advances and underlying mechanisms of immune cell infiltration and inflammatory responses in the gut, islet, and insulin-targeting organs (adipose tissue, liver, skeletal muscle) in obesity-related T2DM. There is current evidence that both the innate and adaptive immune systems contribute to the development of obesity and T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Wei Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Hubei Province, China
| | - Jun Tang
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Hubei Province, China
| | - Li Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Hubei Province, China
| | - Zhen Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Hubei Province, China
| | - Ming Deng
- Department of Radiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Hubei Province, China
| | - Zhe Dai
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Hubei Province, China
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Ha NB, Cho S, Mohamad Y, Kent D, Jun G, Wong R, Swarnakar V, Lin S, Maher JJ, Lai JC. Visceral Adipose Tissue Inflammation and Radiographic Visceral-to-Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue Ratio in Patients with Cirrhosis. Dig Dis Sci 2022; 67:3436-3444. [PMID: 34136974 PMCID: PMC8815298 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-021-07099-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Accumulation of visceral adipose tissue is associated with hepatic inflammation and fibrosis, suggestive of its metabolic and inflammatory properties. We aimed to examine the histologic findings of visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue and to associate these findings with clinical and radiologic characteristics in patients with cirrhosis. METHODS Included were 55 adults with cirrhosis who underwent liver transplantation from 3/2017-12/2018 and had an abdominal computed tomography (CT) scan within 6 months prior to transplant. Visceral-to-subcutaneous adipose tissue ratio (VSR) was calculated using visceral (VATI) and subcutaneous adipose tissue index (SATI) quantified by CT at the L3-vertebral level and normalized for height (cm2/m2). VAT (greater omentum), SAT (abdominal wall), and skeletal muscle (rectus abdominis) biopsies were collected at transplant. RESULTS Majority of patients had VAT inflammation (71%); only one patient (2%) had SAT inflammation. Patients with VAT inflammation had similar median VATI (42 vs 41 cm2/m2), lower median SATI (64 vs 97 cm2/m2), and higher median VSR (0.63 vs 0.37, p = 0.002) than patients without inflammation. In univariable logistic regression, VSR was associated with VAT inflammation (OR 1.47, 95%CI 1.11-1.96); this association remained significant even after adjusting for age, sex, BMI, HCC, or MELD-Na on bivariable analyses. CONCLUSION In patients with cirrhosis undergoing liver transplantation, histologic VAT inflammation was common, but SAT inflammation was not. Increased VSR was independently associated with VAT inflammation. Given the emerging data demonstrating the prognostic value of VSR, our findings support the value of CT-quantified VSR as a prognostic marker for adverse outcomes in the liver transplant setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nghiem B. Ha
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, Box 0538, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Soo‑Jin Cho
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yara Mohamad
- 3D Lab, Center for Intelligent Imaging, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Dorothea Kent
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, Box 0538, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Grace Jun
- 3D Lab, Center for Intelligent Imaging, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Randi Wong
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, Box 0538, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Vivek Swarnakar
- 3D Lab, Center for Intelligent Imaging, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Shezhang Lin
- 3D Lab, Center for Intelligent Imaging, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jacquelyn J. Maher
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, Box 0538, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA,Liver Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer C. Lai
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, Box 0538, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA,Liver Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Delaney KZ, Santosa S. Sex differences in regional adipose tissue depots pose different threats for the development of Type 2 diabetes in males and females. Obes Rev 2022; 23:e13393. [PMID: 34985183 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) affects males and females disproportionately. In midlife, more males have T2DM than females. The sex difference in T2DM prevalence is, in part, explained by differences in regional adipose tissue characteristics. With obesity, changes to regional adipokine and cytokine release increases the risk of T2DM in both males and females with males having greater levels of TNFα and females having greater levels of leptin, CRP, and adiponectin. Regional immune cell infiltration appears to be pathogenic in both sexes via different routes as males with obesity have greater VAT ATM and a decrease in the protective Treg cells, whereas females have greater SAT ATM and T cells. Lastly, the ability of female adipose tissue to expand all regions through hyperplasia, rather than hypertrophy, protects them against the development of large insulin-resistant adipocytes that dominate male adipose tissue. The objective of this review is to discuss how sex may affect regional differences in adipose tissue characteristics and how these differences may distinguish the development of T2DM in males and females. In doing so, we will show that the origins of T2DM development differ between males and females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerri Z Delaney
- Department of Health, Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, Concordia University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Metabolism, Obesity and Nutrition Lab, PERFORM Centre, Concordia University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Centre de recherche - Axe maladies chroniques, Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux du Nord-de-l'Ile-de-Montréal, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Sylvia Santosa
- Department of Health, Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, Concordia University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Metabolism, Obesity and Nutrition Lab, PERFORM Centre, Concordia University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Centre de recherche - Axe maladies chroniques, Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux du Nord-de-l'Ile-de-Montréal, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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An Objective Diagnosis Model with Integrated Metabolic and Immunity Parameters for Phlegm-Dampness Constitution. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:3353549. [PMID: 35154341 PMCID: PMC8837425 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3353549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background According to Chinese constitutional theory, people can be divided into nine constitutions, which represent distinctive vulnerability to different diseases such as metabolic syndrome, atherosclerosis, and immunity-related disease, and so forth in modern medicine, phlegm-dampness constitution (PDC) is one of the nine constitutions, which is susceptible to metabolic syndrome (MS) and atherosclerosis that associate with lipid metabolism and immunity dysregulation closely. Objectives In this study, we aimed to investigate the metabolic and immunity profiles of phlegm-damp constitution (PDC), including metabolites, lymphocytes distribution, and inflammatory cytokines. Methods A total of 74 patients with PDC and 66 individuals with gentle constitution (GC) were enrolled in this study. We utilized biochemical methods to detect metabolic parameters, flow cytometry to survey T/B/NK/NKT lymphocyte subgroups distribution, and ELISA to assay inflammatory cytokines. Results The subjects with PDC had higher GLU, AI TC, TG, and LDL-C and lower HDL-C levels. The immunity profile indicated that PDC subjects had higher percentage of WBCs, neutrophils, lymphocytes, B cells, and natural killer T cells compared with subjects with GC (P < 0.05). Serum levels of IL-10 decreased significantly in the subjects with phlegm-damp constitution, whereas IL-12 levels increased dramatically in the PDC group compared with the GC group (both P < 0.05). Additionally, logistic regression identified four independent variables (GLU, TG, LDL-C, and lymphocytes) that were highly correlated with PDC (P < 0.05). The area under the curve of the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.878, which indicated the data were reliable to distinguish the subjects with PDC from the ones with GC. Conclusion Phlegm-damp constitution was prone to hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia syndrome, promoting the occurrence and progression of metabolic-related diseases. Interestingly, proinflammatory cells and cytokines were activated in the PDC group as well. Our findings could offer a profile of early screening indicators to identify high-risk patients of metabolic- and immunity-related diseases from Chinese constitution.
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9
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Ye RZ, Richard G, Gévry N, Tchernof A, Carpentier AC. Fat Cell Size: Measurement Methods, Pathophysiological Origins, and Relationships With Metabolic Dysregulations. Endocr Rev 2022; 43:35-60. [PMID: 34100954 PMCID: PMC8755996 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnab018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The obesity pandemic increasingly causes morbidity and mortality from type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and many other chronic diseases. Fat cell size (FCS) predicts numerous obesity-related complications such as lipid dysmetabolism, ectopic fat accumulation, insulin resistance, and cardiovascular disorders. Nevertheless, the scarcity of systematic literature reviews on this subject is compounded by the use of different methods by which FCS measurements are determined and reported. In this paper, we provide a systematic review of the current literature on the relationship between adipocyte hypertrophy and obesity-related glucose and lipid dysmetabolism, ectopic fat accumulation, and cardiovascular disorders. We also review the numerous mechanistic origins of adipocyte hypertrophy and its relationship with metabolic dysregulation, including changes in adipogenesis, cell senescence, collagen deposition, systemic inflammation, adipokine secretion, and energy balance. To quantify the effect of different FCS measurement methods, we performed statistical analyses across published data while controlling for body mass index, age, and sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Run Zhou Ye
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Gabriel Richard
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Nicolas Gévry
- Department of Biology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - André Tchernof
- Québec Heart and Lung Research Institute, Laval University, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - André C Carpentier
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
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10
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Wu R, Zhou L, Chen Y, Ding X, Liu Y, Tong B, Lv H, Meng X, Li J, Jian T, Chen J. Sesquiterpene glycoside isolated from loquat leaf targets gut microbiota to prevent type 2 diabetes mellitus in db/db mice. Food Funct 2022; 13:1519-1534. [DOI: 10.1039/d1fo03646g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
• SG1 prevents obesity, ameliorates insulin resistance, and reduces systemic inflammation. • SG1 keeps the gut microbial diversity. •The efficacy of SG1 in the treatment of T2DM is strongly linked with the enhancement of several gut genera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoyun Wu
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Lina Zhou
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Xiaoqin Ding
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Bei Tong
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Han Lv
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Xiuhua Meng
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Tunyu Jian
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
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Pincu Y, Yoel U, Haim Y, Makarenkov N, Maixner N, Shaco-Levy R, Bashan N, Dicker D, Rudich A. Assessing Obesity-Related Adipose Tissue Disease (OrAD) to Improve Precision Medicine for Patients Living With Obesity. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:860799. [PMID: 35574032 PMCID: PMC9098964 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.860799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a heterogenous condition that affects the life and health of patients to different degrees and in different ways. Yet, most approaches to treat obesity are not currently prescribed, at least in a systematic manner, based on individual obesity sub-phenotypes or specifically-predicted health risks. Adipose tissue is one of the most evidently affected tissues in obesity. The degree of adipose tissue changes - "adiposopathy", or as we propose to relate to herein as Obesity-related Adipose tissue Disease (OrAD), correspond, at least cross-sectionally, to the extent of obesity-related complications inflicted on an individual patient. This potentially provides an opportunity to better personalize anti-obesity management by utilizing the information that can be retrieved by assessing OrAD. This review article will summarize current knowledge on histopathological OrAD features which, beyond cross-sectional analyses, had been shown to predict future obesity-related endpoints and/or the response to specific anti-obesity interventions. In particular, the review explores adipocyte cell size, adipose tissue inflammation, and fibrosis. Rather than highly-specialized methods, we emphasize standard pathology laboratory approaches to assess OrAD, which are readily-available in most clinical settings. We then discuss how OrAD assessment can be streamlined in the obesity/weight-management clinic. We propose that current studies provide sufficient evidence to inspire concerted efforts to better explore the possibility of predicting obesity related clinical endpoints and response to interventions by histological OrAD assessment, in the quest to improve precision medicine in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yair Pincu
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheva, Israel
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, United States
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Uri Yoel
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheva, Israel
- The Endocrinology Service, Soroka University Medical Center, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Yulia Haim
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheva, Israel
- The National Institute of Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Nataly Makarenkov
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Nitzan Maixner
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Ruthy Shaco-Levy
- Institute of Pathology, Soroka University Medical Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Nava Bashan
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Dror Dicker
- Department of Internal Medicine D, Hasharon Hospital, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
- *Correspondence: Assaf Rudich, ; Dror Dicker,
| | - Assaf Rudich
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheva, Israel
- The National Institute of Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
- *Correspondence: Assaf Rudich, ; Dror Dicker,
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12
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Merker JB, Dixon HD, Gluck R, Kim YJ, Powers A, Schwartz AC, Jovanovic T, Umpierrez G, Ressler KJ, Michopoulos V, Pace TWW, Gillespie CF, Seligowski AV. Heart rate variability and HbA1c predict plasma interleukin-6 response to psychosocial stress challenge in trauma-exposed women with type 2 diabetes. Brain Behav Immun Health 2021; 19:100400. [PMID: 34917989 PMCID: PMC8669354 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2021.100400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a major public health problem in the United States. Although cardiovascular autonomic functioning, blood glucose control, and inflammation are known to play a role in T2DM, the interaction between these variables remains largely unexplored, particularly in the context of stress. To address this gap, we examined the relationship between these variables in a sample that is uniquely vulnerable to the health consequences of T2DM. Methods Participants were 37 trauma-exposed Black women with a diagnosis of T2DM. High frequency heart rate variability (HF-HRV), blood glucose control (HbA1c), and a stressor-evoked biomarker of inflammation (interleukin 6; IL-6) were obtained as part of a larger study of the genetic risk factors for and consequences of trauma exposure. Results The interaction of HbA1c and HF-HRV was significantly associated with IL-6 response calculated as area under the curve with respect to ground. Post-hoc simple slopes analyses revealed HbA1c, rather than HF-HRV, as the moderator in this association such that higher HF-HRV conferred higher circulating levels of IL-6 only in the presence of lower HbA1c, (β = 0.60, t = 3.51, p = .001). Conclusions Cardiovascular autonomic functioning and blood glucose control were significantly associated with stressor-evoked IL-6 responses when controlling for BMI and age. Moreover, the association between cardiovascular autonomic functioning and inflammation varied at different levels of HbA1c. This highlights the possibility that individuals with trauma exposure and T2DM may benefit from stratification by HbA1c levels for research analysis and treatment decision making. The interaction of blood glucose and vagal control was associated with IL-6 response. Higher vagal control conferred more inflammation only when blood glucose was low. Stratification by HbA1c levels may be useful for research analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - H Drew Dixon
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Rachel Gluck
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ye Ji Kim
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Abigail Powers
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ann C Schwartz
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Tanja Jovanovic
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Guillermo Umpierrez
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kerry J Ressler
- McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Vasiliki Michopoulos
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Thaddeus W W Pace
- College of Nursing and College of Medicine (Psychiatry), University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Charles F Gillespie
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Antonia V Seligowski
- McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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13
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Effects of Nutrients on Platelet Function: A Modifiable Link between Metabolic Syndrome and Neurodegeneration? Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11101455. [PMID: 34680088 PMCID: PMC8533544 DOI: 10.3390/biom11101455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome increases the risk of vascular dementia and other neurodegenerative disorders. Recent studies underline that platelets play an important role in linking peripheral with central metabolic and inflammatory mechanisms. In this narrative review, we address the activation of platelets in metabolic syndrome, their effects on neuronal processes and the role of the mediators (e.g., serotonin, platelet-derived growth factor). Emerging evidence shows that nutritional compounds and their metabolites modulate these interactions-specifically, long chain fatty acids, endocannabinoids and phenolic compounds. We reviewed the role of activated platelets in neurovascular processes and nutritional compounds in platelet activation.
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14
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Monk JM, Liddle DM, Hutchinson AL, Burns JL, Wellings H, Cartwright NM, Muller WJ, Power KA, Robinson LE, Ma DWL. Fish oil supplementation increases expression of mammary tumor apoptosis mediators and reduces inflammation in an obesity-associated HER-2 breast cancer model. J Nutr Biochem 2021; 95:108763. [PMID: 33965532 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2021.108763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is associated with inflammation and has been shown to increase breast cancer severity. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of fish oil (FO) supplementation in obesity-associated mammary tumorigenesis in the MMTV-neu(ndl)-YD5 mouse model of human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 positive BC. Female mice were fed one of three diets for 16 weeks: i) high fat diet [HF, % kacl: 41.2% lard, 18.7% corn oil (CO)], ii) an isocaloric HF plus menhaden FO diet (HF+FO, % kcal: 41.2 lard, 13.4% CO, 5.3% FO), iii) low fat diet (LF, % kcal: 4.7% lard, 6% CO). HF mice had increased body weight, visceral adipose weight and serum hormone concentrations (increased leptin and resistin; decreased adiponectin) versus LF, which was attenuated in the HF+FO group versus HF (P<.05). Compared to HF, tumor onset was delayed in HF+FO and LF mice (P<0.05). Compared to HF, HF+FO reduced mammary tumor multiplicity (-27%), tumor weight (-46%) and total tumor volume (-50%) (P<0.05). Additionally, HF+FO reduced mammary tumor multiplicity (-33%), tumor weight (-39%) and total tumor volume (-60%) versus LF. HF+FO improved mammary tumor apoptosis status with increased expression of pro-apoptotic Bad and decreased expression of anti-apoptotic Bcl-xLmediators versus HF (P<0.05). Additionally, HF+FO decreased tumor protein expression of activated Akt, NFκB p65 and STAT3, versus HF (P<0.05). Tumor mRNA expression of inflammatory mediators TNFα, IL-6 and leptin were reduced in HF+FO, whereas IL-10 expression was increased compared to HF (P<0.05). Collectively these results demonstrate the efficacy of FO supplementation for improving obesity-associated breast cancer outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M Monk
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph ON, Canada, N1G 2W1.
| | - Danyelle M Liddle
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph ON, Canada, N1G 2W1
| | - Amber L Hutchinson
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph ON, Canada, N1G 2W1
| | - Jessie L Burns
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph ON, Canada, N1G 2W1
| | - Hannah Wellings
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph ON, Canada, N1G 2W1
| | - Nadia M Cartwright
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph ON, Canada, N1G 2W1
| | - William J Muller
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Krista A Power
- School of Nutrition Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa ON, Canada, K1H 8L1
| | - Lindsay E Robinson
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph ON, Canada, N1G 2W1
| | - David W L Ma
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph ON, Canada, N1G 2W1.
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15
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Shabir K, Brown JE, Afzal I, Gharanei S, Weickert MO, Barber TM, Kyrou I, Randeva HS. Asprosin, a novel pleiotropic adipokine implicated in fasting and obesity-related cardio-metabolic disease: Comprehensive review of preclinical and clinical evidence. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2021; 60:120-132. [PMID: 34108103 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2021.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
White adipose tissue is a dynamic endocrine organ that releases an array of adipokines, which play a key role in regulating metabolic homeostasis and multiple other physiological processes. An altered adipokine secretion profile from adipose tissue depots frequently characterizes obesity and related cardio-metabolic diseases. Asprosin is a recently discovered adipokine that is released in response to fasting. Following secretion, asprosin acts - via an olfactory G-protein coupled receptor and potentially via other unknown receptor(s) - on hepatocytes and agouti-related peptide-expressing neurons in the central nervous system to stimulate glucose secretion and promote appetite, respectively. A growing body of both in vitro and in vivo studies have shown asprosin to exert a number of effects on different metabolic tissues. Indeed, asprosin can attenuate insulin signalling and promote insulin resistance in skeletal muscle by increasing inflammation and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Interestingly, asprosin may also play a protective role in cardiomyocytes that are exposed to hypoxic conditions. Moreover, clinical studies have reported elevated circulating asprosin levels in obesity, type 2 diabetes and other obesity-related cardio-metabolic diseases, with significant associations to clinically relevant parameters. Understanding the spectrum of the effects of this novel adipokine is essential in order to determine its physiologic role and its significance as a potential therapeutic target and/or a biomarker of cardio-metabolic disease. The present review offers a comprehensive overview of the published literature on asprosin, including both clinical and preclinical studies, focusing on its role in metabolism and cardio-metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Shabir
- Warwickshire Institute for the Study of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (WISDEM), University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, CV2 2DX, United Kingdom; Aston Medical School, College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, B4 7ET, United Kingdom
| | - James E Brown
- Aston Medical School, College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, B4 7ET, United Kingdom; School of Biosciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, B4 7ET, United Kingdom
| | - Islam Afzal
- School of Biosciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, B4 7ET, United Kingdom
| | - Seley Gharanei
- Warwickshire Institute for the Study of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (WISDEM), University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, CV2 2DX, United Kingdom; Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Martin O Weickert
- Warwickshire Institute for the Study of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (WISDEM), University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, CV2 2DX, United Kingdom; Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom; Centre of Applied Biological & Exercise Sciences, Faculty of Health & Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, CV1 5FB, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas M Barber
- Warwickshire Institute for the Study of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (WISDEM), University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, CV2 2DX, United Kingdom; Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Ioannis Kyrou
- Warwickshire Institute for the Study of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (WISDEM), University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, CV2 2DX, United Kingdom; Aston Medical School, College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, B4 7ET, United Kingdom; Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom; Centre for Sport, Exercise and Life Sciences, Research Institute for Health & Wellbeing, Coventry University, CV1 5FB, United Kingdom.
| | - Harpal S Randeva
- Warwickshire Institute for the Study of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (WISDEM), University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, CV2 2DX, United Kingdom; Aston Medical School, College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, B4 7ET, United Kingdom; Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom.
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16
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Liu J, Zhang L, Fu J, Wang Q, Wang G. Circulating prolactin level is increased in metabolically healthy obesity. Endocr Connect 2021; 10:484-491. [PMID: 33794504 PMCID: PMC8111314 DOI: 10.1530/ec-21-0040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Prolactin (PRL) has been demonstrated as a metabolic hormone to regulate energy metabolism recently. The present study aims to investigate the association between PRL and metabolic alterations in different obesity phenotypes. METHODS A total of 451 drug-naive participants were recruited, comprising 351 obese patients and 100 age- and sex-matched healthy participants with normal weight. PRL, anthropometric, and clinical parameters were measured. RESULTS In the obesity group, 15.1% (53/351) were categorized as 'metabolically healthy obesity (MHO)'. Besides favorable blood pressure, glucose, and lipids profiles, the MHO group exhibited increased PRL, and lower levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and adipose tissue insulin resistance (adipo-IR) than the metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUHO) group (PRL, HOMA-IR, and adipo-IR: P < 0.01; hsCRP: P < 0.05). The severe MUHO group showed significantly decreased PRL levels than the mild MUHO group (P < 0.05). Multivariate linear regression analysis indicated that fasting plasma glucose (FBG) and adipo-IR were significantly associated with PRL (FBG: β = -0.263, P < 0.05; adipo-IR: β = -0.464, P < 0.01). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that hsCRP (OR = 0.824) and PRL (OR = 1.211) were independent predictors of MHO (all P < 0.01). CONCLUSION The MHO group had significantly increased circulating PRL levels when compared with the control and MUHO groups, and multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that PRL was independent predictors of MHO. Our findings suggested that increased circulating PRL might be a compensatory response for favoring energy metabolism during obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chao-yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chao-yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Fu
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chao-yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China
| | - Qiu Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chao-yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China
| | - Guang Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chao-yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China
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17
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Oliva-Olivera W, Castellano-Castillo D, von Meyenn F, Cardona F, Lönnberg T, Tinahones FJ. Human adipose tissue-derived stem cell paracrine networks vary according metabolic risk and after TNFα-induced death: An analysis at the single-cell level. Metabolism 2021; 116:154466. [PMID: 33333081 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2020.154466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ASCs) might play an important role in adipose microenvironment remodelling during tissue expansion through their response to hypoxia. We examined the cytokine profiles of hypoxic visceral ASCs (hypox-visASCs) from subjects with different metabolic risk, the interactions between cytokines as well as the impact of TNFα-induced death in the behavior of surviving hypoxic subcutaneous ASCs (hypox-subASCs) both at bulk population and single-cell level. MATERIALS/METHODS Visceral adipose tissue was processed to isolate the ASCs from 33 subjects grouped into normal weight, obese with and without metabolic syndrome. Multiplex assay was used to simultaneously measure multiple inflammatory, anti-inflammatory and angiogenic cytokines in hypox-visASCs from these patients and to elucidate cytokine profiles of hypox-subASCs upon stimulation with IL1β or TNFα and after TNFα-induced death. qPCR and single-cell RNA-sequencing were also performed to elucidate transcriptional impact in surviving hypox-subASCs after TNFα-induced apoptosis. RESULTS Hypox-visASCs from subjects without metabolic syndrome showed greater secretion levels of inflammatory, anti-inflammatory and angiogenic cytokines compared with those from patients with metabolic syndrome. While IL-1β stimulation was sufficient to increase the secretion levels of these cytokines in hypox-subASCs, TNFα-induced apoptosis also increased their levels and impacted on the expression levels of extracellular matrix proteins, acetyl-CoA producing enzymes and redox-balance proteins in surviving hypox-subASCs. TNFα-induced apoptosis under different glucose concentrations caused selective impoverishment of cell clusters and differentially influenced gene expression profiles of surviving hypox-subASCs. CONCLUSIONS Immunoregulatory and angiogenic functions of hypox-visASCs from patients with metabolic syndrome could be insufficient to promote healthy adipose tissue expansion. TNFα-induced apoptosis may impact on functionality of hypox-subASC populations, whose differential metabolic sensitivity to death could serve to manipulate individual populations selectively in order to elucidate their role in shaping adipose heterogeneity and treating metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilfredo Oliva-Olivera
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Virgen de la Victoria Hospital (IBIMA), Malaga University, Malaga, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Center for Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), Malaga, Spain.
| | | | - Ferdinand von Meyenn
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, CH-8603 Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Fernando Cardona
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Virgen de la Victoria Hospital (IBIMA), Malaga University, Malaga, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Center for Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), Malaga, Spain
| | - Tapio Lönnberg
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Francisco J Tinahones
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Virgen de la Victoria Hospital (IBIMA), Malaga University, Malaga, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Center for Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), Malaga, Spain
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18
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Pezhman L, Tahrani A, Chimen M. Dysregulation of Leukocyte Trafficking in Type 2 Diabetes: Mechanisms and Potential Therapeutic Avenues. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:624184. [PMID: 33692997 PMCID: PMC7937619 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.624184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic inflammatory disorder that is characterized by chronic hyperglycemia and impaired insulin signaling which in addition to be caused by common metabolic dysregulations, have also been associated to changes in various immune cell number, function and activation phenotype. Obesity plays a central role in the development of T2DM. The inflammation originating from obese adipose tissue develops systemically and contributes to insulin resistance, beta cell dysfunction and hyperglycemia. Hyperglycemia can also contribute to chronic, low-grade inflammation resulting in compromised immune function. In this review, we explore how the trafficking of innate and adaptive immune cells under inflammatory condition is dysregulated in T2DM. We particularly highlight the obesity-related accumulation of leukocytes in the adipose tissue leading to insulin resistance and beta-cell dysfunction and resulting in hyperglycemia and consequent changes of adhesion and migratory behavior of leukocytes in different vascular beds. Thus, here we discuss how potential therapeutic targeting of leukocyte trafficking could be an efficient way to control inflammation as well as diabetes and its vascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laleh Pezhman
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Abd Tahrani
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.,Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, United Kingdom.,University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Myriam Chimen
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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19
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Sbierski-Kind J, Goldeck D, Buchmann N, Spranger J, Volk HD, Steinhagen-Thiessen E, Pawelec G, Demuth I, Spira D. T cell phenotypes associated with insulin resistance: results from the Berlin Aging Study II. IMMUNITY & AGEING 2020; 17:40. [PMID: 33349270 PMCID: PMC7751110 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-020-00211-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background Obesity is associated with chronic low-grade inflammation leading to metabolic and cardiovascular diseases, but a subset of obese individuals is considered insulin sensitive (IS). The underlying pathophysiologic mechanisms remain elusive and clinical studies on the relationship between inflammatory markers and metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) are scarce. Methods In this cross-sectional analysis, we included a sample of 437 older participants (60–84 years) from the Berlin Aging Study II (BASE-II). Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated, immune cell subsets were analyzed with multiparameter flow cytometry and systemic cytokine levels were measured. Immune cell parameters were correlated with metabolic measures and multiple linear regression analysis was conducted and adjusted for various demographic and clinical factors. Results We found that frequencies of naïve and memory CD4+ and CD8+ T cells inversely correlated with measures for insulin sensitivity in the older population. Moreover, the percentages of naïve CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were significantly higher, whereas activated T cells and IL-6 levels were lower in IS compared to insulin resistant (IR) obese individuals. The percentages of naïve CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were predictive for impaired insulin sensitivity (ß = 0.16, p = 0.01 and ß = 0.11, p = 0.04), and the association of naïve CD4+ T cells with insulin sensitivity persisted after multivariate adjustment (ß = 0.14, p = 0.02). Conclusions These findings support the hypothesis that parameters of systemic inflammation can differentiate IS from IR obese individuals that are at higher risk for cardiometabolic diseases and may have clinical implications with regard to obesity treatment stratification. Trial registration DRKS00009277. Registered 31 August 2015 - Retrospectively registered. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12979-020-00211-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Sbierski-Kind
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Berlin Institute of Health, Chariteplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany. .,Present Address: Dept. of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, HSW1201U, Box 0451, 513 Parnassus Ave, San Francisco, CA, 94143-0451, USA.
| | | | - Nikolaus Buchmann
- Clinic for Cardiology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Joachim Spranger
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Berlin Institute of Health, Chariteplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany.,Center for Cardiovascular Research (CCR), Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hans-Dieter Volk
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Center for Advanced Therapies (BeCAT), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Institute of Medical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Steinhagen-Thiessen
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Berlin Institute of Health, Chariteplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Graham Pawelec
- Department of Immunology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Health Sciences North Research Institute, Sudbury, ON, Canada
| | - Ilja Demuth
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Berlin Institute of Health, Chariteplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Center for Advanced Therapies (BeCAT), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Institute of Medical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dominik Spira
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Berlin Institute of Health, Chariteplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
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20
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Vendramini THA, Macedo HT, Amaral AR, Rentas MF, Macegoza MV, Zafalon RVA, Pedrinelli V, Mesquita LG, de Carvalho Balieiro JC, Pfrimer K, Pedreira RS, Nowosh V, Pontieri CFF, Massoco CDO, Brunetto MA. Gene expression of the immunoinflammatory and immunological status of obese dogs before and after weight loss. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0238638. [PMID: 32966299 PMCID: PMC7510989 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is characterized by a low degree of chronic inflammation state that, along with metabolic modifications, promotes important changes in the animal's organism. Adipose tissue actively participates in inflammation and immunity, and several defense cells of the organism may, therefore, be involved in the diversity found between obese and ideal weight individuals. Studies regarding this subject have shown immune cell changes in humans and rats, however, the literature is scarce in relation to dogs. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate the gene expression profile of immunoinflammatory response and the lymphoproliferation of obese dogs before and after weight loss. Eight female dogs, neutered, of different breeds, aged between 1 and 8 years (4.74±3.19), obese, with body condition score (BCS) of 9 out of a 9-point scale and body composition determined by the deuterium isotope dilution method were included. The obese dogs were enrolled in a weight loss program and after losing 20% of their initial weight became a second experimental group. A third experimental group consisted of eight female dogs, neutered, aged between 1 and 8 years (3.11±0.78) and with ideal BCS (5 out of a 9-point scale). Gene expression of immunoinflammatory cytokines (resistin, leptin, adiponectin, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10) was assessed by qRT-PCR and immunity was assessed by lymphoproliferative response using the flow cytometry technique. The data that presented normal distribution was evaluated by analysis of variance by the PROC MIXED of the SAS and when differences were detected, these were compared by the Tukey test. Regarding the gene expression data, the procedure PROC GLIMMIX was adopted and the methodology of generalized linear model was used, in which the Gama distribution proved to be adequate. Values of p<0.05 were considered significant. The mean weight loss period of the animals included in the study was 194.25 ± 28.31 days and the mean weekly weight loss rate was 1.02 ± 0.82%. The average fat mass, both in percentage (P<0.001) and in kilograms (P = 0.012), was higher in the obese group (40.88%; 8.91kg), returning to normal and without difference between the control group (19.16%; 3.01kg) and after weight loss (22.10%; 4.11kg). The weight loss program resulted in an increase in percentage of lean body mass (P = 0.001), 55.50% in obese animals vs 77.90% in obese dogs after weight loss, the latter with no difference when compared to the control group (80.84%). The obese group presented increased gene expression of resistin and IL-8 in relation to the weight loss group (P = 0.002). In adiponectin, the obese group presented increased mRNA gene expression when compared to the weight loss group (P = 0.003). The evaluation of lymphocyte proliferation showed differences between the group of obese animals before and after weight loss (P = 0.004). Weight loss resulted in an increase in the lymphoproliferation rate (18.48%) compared to obese dogs at the beginning of the study (10.71%). These results indicate that weight loss modulates the immunoinflammatory response of obese dogs and may present important benefits to health and longevity of dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago Henrique Annibale Vendramini
- Pet Nutrology Research Center, Nutrition and Production Department, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo—USP, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Henrique Tobaro Macedo
- Pet Nutrology Research Center, Nutrition and Production Department, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo—USP, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andressa Rodrigues Amaral
- Veterinary Nutrology Service, Teaching Veterinary Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo—USP, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariana Fragoso Rentas
- Pet Nutrology Research Center, Nutrition and Production Department, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo—USP, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Matheus Vinícius Macegoza
- Pet Nutrology Research Center, Nutrition and Production Department, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo—USP, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rafael Vessecchi Amorim Zafalon
- Pet Nutrology Research Center, Nutrition and Production Department, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo—USP, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vivian Pedrinelli
- Veterinary Nutrology Service, Teaching Veterinary Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo—USP, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lígia Garcia Mesquita
- Pet Nutrology Research Center, Nutrition and Production Department, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo—USP, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Júlio César de Carvalho Balieiro
- Pet Nutrology Research Center, Nutrition and Production Department, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo—USP, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Karina Pfrimer
- Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo—USP, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Victor Nowosh
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo–USP, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Cristina de Oliveira Massoco
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo–USP, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcio Antonio Brunetto
- Pet Nutrology Research Center, Nutrition and Production Department, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo—USP, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
- Veterinary Nutrology Service, Teaching Veterinary Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo—USP, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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21
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Liddle DM, Hutchinson AL, Monk JM, DeBoer AA, Ma DWL, Robinson LE. Dietary long-chain n-3 PUFAs mitigate CD4 + T cell/adipocyte inflammatory interactions in co-culture models of obese adipose tissue. J Nutr Biochem 2020; 86:108488. [PMID: 32827664 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2020.108488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Obese adipose tissue (AT) inflammation is partly driven by accumulation of CD4+ T helper (Th)1 cells and reduced Th2 and T regulatory subsets, which promotes macrophage chemotaxis and ensuing AT metabolic dysfunction. This study investigated CD4+ T cell/adipocyte cytokine-mediated paracrine interactions (cross talk) as a target for dietary intervention to mitigate obese AT inflammation. Using an in vitro co-culture model designed to recapitulate CD4+ T cell accumulation in obese AT (5% of stromal vascular cellular fraction), 3T3-L1 adipocytes were co-cultured with purified splenic CD4+ T cells from C57Bl/6 mice consuming one of two isocaloric diets containing either 10% w/w safflower oil (control, CON) or 7% w/w safflower oil+3% w/w fish oil (FO) for 4 weeks (n=8-11/diet). The FO diet provided 1.9% kcal from the long-chain (LC) n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid, a dose that can be achieved by supplementation. Co-cultures were stimulated for 48 h with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to mimic in vivo obese endotoxin levels or with conditioned media collected from LPS-stimulated visceral AT isolated from CON-fed mice. In both stimulation conditions, FO reduced mRNA expression and/or secreted protein levels of Th1 markers (T-bet, IFN-γ) and increased Th2 markers (GATA3, IL-4), concomitant with reduced inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12p70, TNF-α), macrophage chemokines (MCP-1, MCP-3, MIP-1α, MIP-2) and levels of activated central regulators of inflammatory signaling (NF-κB, STAT-1, STAT-3) (P<.05). Therefore, CD4+ T cell/adipocyte cross talk represents a potential target for LC n-3 PUFAs to mitigate obese AT inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danyelle M Liddle
- Department of Hsuman Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada N1G 2W1
| | - Amber L Hutchinson
- Department of Hsuman Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada N1G 2W1
| | - Jennifer M Monk
- Department of Hsuman Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada N1G 2W1
| | - Anna A DeBoer
- Department of Hsuman Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada N1G 2W1
| | - David W L Ma
- Department of Hsuman Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada N1G 2W1
| | - Lindsay E Robinson
- Department of Hsuman Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada N1G 2W1.
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Son MJ, Oh KJ, Park A, Kwon MG, Suh JM, Kim IC, Kim S, Lee SC, Kim WK, Bae KH. GATA3 induces the upregulation of UCP-1 by directly binding to PGC-1α during adipose tissue browning. Metabolism 2020; 109:154280. [PMID: 32473155 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2020.154280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Obesity is recognized as the cause of multiple metabolic diseases and is rapidly increasing worldwide. As obesity is due to an imbalance in energy homeostasis, the promotion of energy consumption through browning of white adipose tissue (WAT) has emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy to counter the obesity epidemic. However, the molecular mechanisms of the browning process are not well understood. In this study, we investigated the effects of the GATA family of transcription factors on the browning process. METHODS We used qPCR to analyze the expression of GATA family members during WAT browning. In order to investigate the function of GATA3 in the browning process, we used the lentivirus system for the ectopic expression and knockdown of GATA3. Western blot and real-time qPCR analyses revealed the regulation of thermogenic genes upon ectopic expression and knockdown of GATA3. Luciferase reporter assays, co-immunoprecipitation, and chromatin immunoprecipitation were performed to demonstrate that GATA3 interacts with proliferator-activated receptor-γ co-activator-1α (PGC-1α) to regulate the promoter activity of uncoupling protein-1 (UCP-1). Enhanced energy expenditure by GATA3 was confirmed using oxygen consumption assays, and the mitochondrial content was assessed using MitoTracker. Furthermore, we examined the in vivo effects of lentiviral GATA3 overexpression and knockdown in inguinal adipose tissue of mice. RESULTS Gata3 expression levels were significantly elevated in the inguinal adipose tissue of mice exposed to cold conditions. Ectopic expression of GATA3 enhanced the expression of UCP-1 and thermogenic genes upon treatment with norepinephrine whereas GATA3 knockdown had the opposite effect. Luciferase reporter assays using the UCP-1 promoter region showed that UCP-1 expression was increased in a dose-dependent manner by GATA3 regardless of norepinephrine treatment. GATA3 was found to directly bind to the promoter region of UCP-1. Furthermore, our results indicated that GATA3 interacts with the transcriptional coactivator PGC-1α to increase the expression of UCP-1. Taken together, we demonstrate that GATA3 has an important role in enhancing energy expenditure by increasing the expression of thermogenic genes both in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSION GATA3 may represent a promising target for the prevention and treatment of obesity by regulating thermogenic capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Jeong Son
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Jin Oh
- Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Anna Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Gi Kwon
- Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Myoung Suh
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Il-Chul Kim
- Department of Biology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Seyun Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Chul Lee
- Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Won Kon Kim
- Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kwang-Hee Bae
- Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
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23
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Abstract
A peculiar category of persons with obesity lacking common metabolic disturbances has been depicted and termed as metabolically healthy obesity (MHO). Yet, although MHO patients are free of obesity-associated complications, they might not be entirely precluded from developing cardio-metabolic disorders. Among patients with morbid obesity (MO) who are referred to bariatric surgery, a subset of metabolically healthy MO (MHMO) has been identified and the question arises if these patients would benefit from surgery in terms of mitigating the peril of cardio-metabolic complications. We revisited the pathophysiological mechanisms that define MHO, the currently available data on the cardio-metabolic risk of these patients and finally we reviewed the benefits of bariatric surgery and the urge to better characterize MHMO before submission to surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Florinela Cătoi
- Pathophysiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, 'Iuliu Hațieganu', University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca Romania, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Luca Busetto
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
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Fatty Acid Metabolites Combine with Reduced β Oxidation to Activate Th17 Inflammation in Human Type 2 Diabetes. Cell Metab 2019; 30:447-461.e5. [PMID: 31378464 PMCID: PMC8506657 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2019.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Mechanisms that regulate metabolites and downstream energy generation are key determinants of T cell cytokine production, but the processes underlying the Th17 profile that predicts the metabolic status of people with obesity are untested. Th17 function requires fatty acid uptake, and our new data show that blockade of CPT1A inhibits Th17-associated cytokine production by cells from people with type 2 diabetes (T2D). A low CACT:CPT1A ratio in immune cells from T2D subjects indicates altered mitochondrial function and coincides with the preference of these cells to generate ATP through glycolysis rather than fatty acid oxidation. However, glycolysis was not critical for Th17 cytokines. Instead, β oxidation blockade or CACT knockdown in T cells from lean subjects to mimic characteristics of T2D causes cells to utilize 16C-fatty acylcarnitine to support Th17 cytokines. These data show long-chain acylcarnitine combines with compromised β oxidation to promote disease-predictive inflammation in human T2D.
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25
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Pierzynová A, Šrámek J, Cinkajzlová A, Kratochvílová H, Lindner J, Haluzík M, Kučera T. The number and phenotype of myocardial and adipose tissue CD68+ cells is associated with cardiovascular and metabolic disease in heart surgery patients. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2019; 29:946-955. [PMID: 31307852 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2019.05.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS CD68+ cells are a potent source of inflammatory cytokines in adipose tissue and myocardium. The development of low-grade inflammation in adipose tissue is implicated in the pathogenesis of obesity-associated disorders including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cardiovascular disease. The main aim of the study was to characterize and quantify myocardial and adipose tissue CD68+ cells and adipose tissue crown-like structures (CLS) in patients with obesity, coronary artery disease (CAD) and T2DM. METHODS AND RESULTS Samples were obtained from the right atrium, epicardial (EAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) during elective heart surgery (non-obese, n = 34 patients; obese, n = 24 patients). Immunohistochemistry was used to visualize CD68+ cells. M1-polarized macrophages were visualized by immunohistochemical detection of CD11c. The proportion of CD68+ cells was higher in EAT than in SAT (43.4 ± 25.0 versus 32.5 ± 23.1 cells per 1 mm2; p = 0.015). Myocardial CD68+ cells were more abundant in obese patients (45.6 ± 24.5 versus 27.7 ± 14.8 cells per 1 mm2; p = 0.045). In SAT, CD68+ cells were more frequent in CAD patients (37.3 ± 23.0 versus 23.1 ± 20.9 cells per 1 mm2; p = 0.012). Patients having CLS in their SAT had higher average BMI (34.1 ± 6.4 versus 29.0 ± 4.5; p = 0.024). CONCLUSIONS Regional-based increases in the frequency of CD68+ cells and changes of their phenotype in CLS were detected in obese patients and CAD patients. Therapeutic modulation of adipose tissue inflammation may represent a target for treatment of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneta Pierzynová
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jaromír Šrámek
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Cinkajzlová
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Helena Kratochvílová
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Lindner
- 2nd Department of Surgery - Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Haluzík
- Diabetes Centre, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic; Centre for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Kučera
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
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Okada Y, Ueno H, Mizorogi T, Ohara K, Kawasumi K, Arai T. Diagnostic Criteria for Obesity Disease in Cats. Front Vet Sci 2019; 6:284. [PMID: 31508438 PMCID: PMC6718553 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2019.00284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulated visceral and subcutaneous fat masses were measured with computed tomography (CT) in cats with various body condition scores (BCS) from 5/9 to 9/9. BCS does not always reflect visceral fat accumulation which induces pro-inflammatory reactions. Obese cats with accumulated visceral fat showed low plasma adiponectin and high serum amyloid A (SAA) concentrations, an inflammatory marker. Based on the above results, new diagnostic criteria for obesity disease were established as follows. For overweight cats with high BCS of >7/9, showing two or more of the following three symptoms, low adiponectin concentrations, hyperlipidemia, and high SAA concentrations, categorizes them as having obesity disease. Cats with BCS 6/9-9/9, without inflammatory reactions, were classified as simple obesity, which is similar to metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) defined in human medicine. Simple obesity group showed significantly higher adiponectin concentrations than those in control group. The obesity disease group showed significantly higher plasma triglyceride (TG) and SAA concentrations and lower concentrations of adiponectin than the control group. Moreover, plasma glucose and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations in the obesity disease group were higher than those in healthy control group, although the differences were not statistically significant. Establishing criteria for obesity disease based on visceral fat accumulation and inflammation markers levels contributes to early and correct diagnosis of obesity in cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Okada
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Musashino, Japan
| | | | - Takayuki Mizorogi
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Musashino, Japan
| | - Kenji Ohara
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Musashino, Japan
| | - Koh Kawasumi
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Musashino, Japan
| | - Toshiro Arai
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Musashino, Japan
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27
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Wang M, Luo Y, Cai H, Xu L, Huang M, Li C, Dong Z, Li ZP, Feng ST. Prediction of type 2 diabetes mellitus using noninvasive MRI quantitation of visceral abdominal adiposity tissue volume. Quant Imaging Med Surg 2019; 9:1076-1086. [PMID: 31367561 DOI: 10.21037/qims.2019.06.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background The correlation between visceral adipose tissue volume (VATV), hepatic proton-density fat fraction (PDFF), and pancreatic PDFF has been previously studied to predict the presence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This study investigated VATV quantitation in patients with T2DM, prediabetes, and normal glucose tolerance (NGT) using MRI to assess the roles of VATV, hepatic, and pancreatic PDFF in predicting the presence of T2DM. Methods Forty-eight patients with a new clinical diagnosis of T2DM (n=15), prediabetes (n=17), or NGT (n=16) were included and underwent abdominal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanning with the iterative decomposition of water and fat with echo asymmetry and least square estimation image quantification (IDEAL-IQ) sequencing. VATV was obtained at the level of the 2nd and 3rd lumbar vertebral bodies (VATV L2 and VATV L3) where the sum of VATV L2 and VATV L3 (total VATV) were computed, respectively. Also, pancreatic and hepatic fat content was quantified by measuring the PDFF. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and binary logistics regression model analysis were employed to evaluate their ability to predict the presence of T2DM. Results The VATV L2, VATV L3, and total VATV values of the T2DM group were significantly higher than the prediabetes and NGT groups (P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between the values of VATV L2, VATV L3, and total VATV between the prediabetes and NGT groups (P>0.05). The ROC curve showed the areas under the curve for VATV L2, VATV L3, total VATV, hepatic PDFF, and pancreatic PDFF were 0.76, 0.80, 0.80, 0.79, and 0.75, respectively, in predicting the presence of T2DM (P<0.01). The ROC curves of VATV L2, VATV L3, total VATV, hepatic PDFF, and pancreatic PDFF failed to predict the presence of prediabetes and NGT (P>0.05). The binary logistics regression model analysis revealed that only VATV L3 was independently associated with the incidence of T2DM (P=0.01 and OR =1.01). The sensitivity, specificity, and total accuracy were 80.00%, 88.20%, and 84.40%, respectively. Conclusions Compared with hepatic PDFF, pancreatic PDFF, VAVT L2, and total VATV, VAVT L3 was the better predictor of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Wang
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yanji Luo
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Huasong Cai
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Ling Xu
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Mengqi Huang
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Chang Li
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Zhi Dong
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Zi-Ping Li
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Shi-Ting Feng
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
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Cao Q, Zhang J, Yu Q, Wang J, Dai M, Zhang Y, Luo Q, Bao M. Carotid baroreceptor stimulation in obese rats affects white and brown adipose tissues differently in metabolic protection. J Lipid Res 2019; 60:1212-1224. [PMID: 31126973 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m091256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The sympathetic nervous system (SNS) regulates the functions of white adipose tissue (WAT) and brown adipose tissue (BAT) tightly. Carotid baroreceptor stimulation (CBS) efficiently inhibits SNS activation. We hypothesized that CBS would protect against obesity. We administered CBS to obese rats and measured sympathetic and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/ PPAR pathway responses as well as changes in perirenal WAT (PWAT), epididymal WAT (EWAT), and interscapular BAT (IBAT). CBS alleviated obesity-related metabolic changes, improving insulin resistance; reducing adipocyte hypertrophy, body weight, and adipose tissue weights; and decreasing norepinephrine but increasing acetylcholine in plasma, PWAT, EWAT, and IBAT. CBS also downregulated fatty acid translocase (CD36), fatty acid transport protein (FATP), phosphorylated and total hormone sensitive lipase, phosphorylated and total protein kinase A, and PPARγ in obese rats. Simultaneously, CBS upregulated phosphorylated adipose triglyceride lipase, phosphorylated and total AMPK, and PPARα in PWAT, EWAT, and IBAT. However, BAT and WAT responses differed; although many responses were more sensitive in IBAT, responses of CD36, FATP, and PPARγ were more sensitive in PWAT and EWAT. Overall, CBS decreased chronically activated SNS and ameliorated obesity-related metabolic disorders by regulating the AMPK/PPARα/γ pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Cao
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University.,Cardiovascular Research Institute Wuhan University.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Junxia Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Wuhan General Hospital of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Qiao Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University.,Cardiovascular Research Institute Wuhan University.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University.,Cardiovascular Research Institute Wuhan University.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Mingyan Dai
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University.,Cardiovascular Research Institute Wuhan University
| | - Yijie Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University.,Cardiovascular Research Institute Wuhan University.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Qiang Luo
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University.,Cardiovascular Research Institute Wuhan University.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Mingwei Bao
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University .,Cardiovascular Research Institute Wuhan University.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology Wuhan 430060, China
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Kouvari M, Panagiotakos DB, Yannakoulia M, Georgousopoulou E, Critselis E, Chrysohoou C, Tousoulis D, Pitsavos C. Transition from metabolically benign to metabolically unhealthy obesity and 10-year cardiovascular disease incidence: The ATTICA cohort study. Metabolism 2019; 93:18-24. [PMID: 30639450 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2019.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Metabolically benign obesity remains a scientific field of considerable debate. The aim of the present work was to evaluate whether metabolically healthy obese (MHO) status is a transient condition which propagates 10-year cardiovascular disease (CVD) onset. METHODS A prospective longitudinal study was conducted during 2001-2012, the ATTICA study studying 1514 (49.8%) men and 1528 (50.2%) women (aged >18 years old) free of CVD and residing in the greater Athens area, Greece. Follow-up assessment of first combined CVD event (2011-2012) was achieved in n = 2020 participants; of them, 317 (15.7%) incident cases were identified. Obesity was defined as body mass index ≥30 kg/m2 and healthy metabolic status as absence of all NCEP ATP III (2005) metabolic syndrome components (excluding waist circumference). RESULTS The MHO prevalence was 4.8% (n = 146) with 28.2% of obese participants presenting metabolically healthy status at baseline. Within this group, 52% developed unhealthy metabolic status during the 10-year follow up. MHO vs. metabolically healthy non-obese participants had a higher likelihood of presenting with 10-year CVD events, yet only the subset of them who lost their baseline status reached the level of significance (Hazard Ratio (HR) = 1.43, 95% Confidence Interval (95% CI) 1.02, 2.01). Sensitivity analyses revealed that MHO status was independently associated with elevated CVD risk in women and participants with low adherence to the Mediterranean diet, low grade inflammation, and insulin resistance. CONCLUSIONS MHO status is a transient condition where weight management is demanded to prevent the establishment of unhealthy cardiometabolic features. The existence of obese persons who remain "longitudinally" resilient to metabolic abnormalities is an emerging area of future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matina Kouvari
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - Demosthenes B Panagiotakos
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece; Department of Kinesiology and Health, School of Arts and Sciences, Rutgers University, NJ, USA; Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Australia; School of Allied Health, College of Science, Health and Engineering, LA TROBE University, Australia.
| | - Mary Yannakoulia
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - Ekavi Georgousopoulou
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece; Medical School, Australian National University, Australia
| | - Elena Critselis
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | | | | | - Christos Pitsavos
- First Cardiology Clinic, School of Medicine, University of Athens, Greece
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30
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Iacobini C, Pugliese G, Blasetti Fantauzzi C, Federici M, Menini S. Metabolically healthy versus metabolically unhealthy obesity. Metabolism 2019; 92:51-60. [PMID: 30458177 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2018.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 244] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2018] [Revised: 11/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Obesity-related disease complications reduce life quality and expectancy and increase health-care costs. Some studies have suggested that obesity not always entails metabolic abnormalities and increased risk of cardiometabolic complications. Because of the lack of universally accepted criteria to identify metabolically healthy obesity (MHO), its prevalence varies widely among studies. Moreover, the prognostic value of MHO is hotly debated, mainly because it likely shifts gradually towards metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUO). In this review, we outline the differential factors contributing to the metabolic heterogeneity of obesity by discussing the behavioral, genetic, phenotypical, and biological aspects associated with each of the two metabolic phenotypes (MHO and MUO) of obesity and their clinical implications. Particular emphasis will be laid on the role of adipose tissue biology and function, including genetic determinants of body fat distribution, depot-specific fat metabolism, adipose tissue plasticity and, particularly, adipogenesis. Finally, the emerging role of gut microbiota in obesity and adipose tissue dysfunction as well as the search for novel biomarkers for the obesity-related metabolic traits and associated diseases will be briefly presented. A better understanding of the main determinants of a healthy metabolic status in obesity would allow promotion of this favorable condition by targeting the relevant pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Iacobini
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, "La Sapienza" University, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Pugliese
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, "La Sapienza" University, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Massimo Federici
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Menini
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, "La Sapienza" University, Rome, Italy.
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31
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de Candia P, Prattichizzo F, Garavelli S, De Rosa V, Galgani M, Di Rella F, Spagnuolo MI, Colamatteo A, Fusco C, Micillo T, Bruzzaniti S, Ceriello A, Puca AA, Matarese G. Type 2 Diabetes: How Much of an Autoimmune Disease? Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:451. [PMID: 31333589 PMCID: PMC6620611 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is characterized by a progressive status of chronic, low-grade inflammation (LGI) that accompanies the whole trajectory of the disease, from its inception to complication development. Accumulating evidence is disclosing a long list of possible "triggers" of inflammatory responses, many of which are promoted by unhealthy lifestyle choices and advanced age. Diabetic patients show an altered number and function of immune cells, of both innate and acquired immunity. Reactive autoantibodies against islet antigens can be detected in a subpopulation of patients, while emerging data are also suggesting an altered function of specific T lymphocyte populations, including T regulatory (Treg) cells. These observations led to the hypothesis that part of the inflammatory response mounting in T2D is attributable to an autoimmune phenomenon. Here, we review recent data supporting this framework, with a specific focus on both tissue resident and circulating Treg populations. We also propose that selective interception (or expansion) of T cell subsets could be an alternative avenue to dampen inappropriate inflammatory responses without compromising immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola de Candia
- IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan, Italy
- *Correspondence: Paola de Candia
| | | | - Silvia Garavelli
- Laboratorio di Immunologia, Istituto di Endocrinologia e Oncologia Sperimentale, Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche (IEOS-CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Veronica De Rosa
- Laboratorio di Immunologia, Istituto di Endocrinologia e Oncologia Sperimentale, Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche (IEOS-CNR), Naples, Italy
- Unità di NeuroImmunologia, Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Mario Galgani
- Laboratorio di Immunologia, Istituto di Endocrinologia e Oncologia Sperimentale, Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche (IEOS-CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Di Rella
- Dipartimento di Senologia, Oncologia Medica, IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Immacolata Spagnuolo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Traslazionali, Università Degli Studi di Napoli “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandra Colamatteo
- Treg Cell Laboratory, Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università Degli Studi di Napoli “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
| | - Clorinda Fusco
- Treg Cell Laboratory, Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università Degli Studi di Napoli “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
| | - Teresa Micillo
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università Degli Studi di Napoli “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
| | - Sara Bruzzaniti
- Laboratorio di Immunologia, Istituto di Endocrinologia e Oncologia Sperimentale, Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche (IEOS-CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Ceriello
- IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan, Italy
- Institut D'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Annibale A. Puca
- IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan, Italy
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università di Salerno, Baronissi, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Matarese
- Laboratorio di Immunologia, Istituto di Endocrinologia e Oncologia Sperimentale, Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche (IEOS-CNR), Naples, Italy
- Treg Cell Laboratory, Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università Degli Studi di Napoli “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
- Giuseppe Matarese
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32
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Burhans MS, Hagman DK, Kuzma JN, Schmidt KA, Kratz M. Contribution of Adipose Tissue Inflammation to the Development of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Compr Physiol 2018; 9:1-58. [PMID: 30549014 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c170040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this comprehensive review is to summarize and discuss the available evidence of how adipose tissue inflammation affects insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance. Low-grade, chronic adipose tissue inflammation is characterized by infiltration of macrophages and other immune cell populations into adipose tissue, and a shift toward more proinflammatory subtypes of leukocytes. The infiltration of proinflammatory cells in adipose tissue is associated with an increased production of key chemokines such as C-C motif chemokine ligand 2, proinflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor α and interleukins 1β and 6 as well as reduced expression of the key insulin-sensitizing adipokine, adiponectin. In both rodent models and humans, adipose tissue inflammation is consistently associated with excess fat mass and insulin resistance. In humans, associations with insulin resistance are stronger and more consistent for inflammation in visceral as opposed to subcutaneous fat. Further, genetic alterations in mouse models of obesity that reduce adipose tissue inflammation are-almost without exception-associated with improved insulin sensitivity. However, a dissociation between adipose tissue inflammation and insulin resistance can be observed in very few rodent models of obesity as well as in humans following bariatric surgery- or low-calorie-diet-induced weight loss, illustrating that the etiology of insulin resistance is multifactorial. Taken together, adipose tissue inflammation is a key factor in the development of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes in obesity, along with other factors that likely include inflammation and fat accumulation in other metabolically active tissues. © 2019 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 9:1-58, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maggie S Burhans
- Cancer Prevention Program, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Derek K Hagman
- Cancer Prevention Program, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Jessica N Kuzma
- Cancer Prevention Program, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Kelsey A Schmidt
- Cancer Prevention Program, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Mario Kratz
- Cancer Prevention Program, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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Zhou T, Hu Z, Yang S, Sun L, Yu Z, Wang G. Role of Adaptive and Innate Immunity in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. J Diabetes Res 2018; 2018:7457269. [PMID: 30533447 PMCID: PMC6250017 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7457269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
After the recognition of the essential role of the immune system in the progression of type 2 diabetes mellitus, more studies are focused on the effects produced by the abnormal differentiation of components of the immune system. In patients suffering from obesity or T2DM, there were alterations in proliferation of T cells and macrophages, and impairment in function of NK cells and B cells, which represented abnormal innate and adaptive immunity. The abnormality of either innate immunity, adaptive immunity, or both was involved and interacted with each other during the progression of T2DM. Although previous studies have revealed the functional involvement of T cells in T2DM, and the regulation of metabolism by the innate or adaptive immune system during the pathogenesis of T2DM, there has been a lack of literature reviewing the relevant role of adaptive and innate immunity in the progression of T2DM. Here, we will review their relevant roles, aiming to provide new thought for the development of immunotherapy in T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Zheng Hu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Shuo Yang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Lin Sun
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Zhenxiang Yu
- Department of Respiration, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Guixia Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
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Regional adiposity and markers of inflammation in pre-school age children. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15204. [PMID: 30315178 PMCID: PMC6185945 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33054-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
In adults, upper body fat partially increases metabolic disease risk through increasing systemic inflammation. Our objective was to determine if this relationship exists in preschool-aged children. A subset of children (n = 71, 35 males), 3.7 ± 1.0 y, were studied from n = 515 children recruited from randomly selected daycares in Montréal, QC. According to WHO charts for 2-5 y, 49 children were healthy weight (HW) and 21 were overweight (OW). Adiposity was determined through dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Blood concentrations of C-reactive protein (CRP) and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) were determined via enzyme-linked immunosorbent and multiplex assays, respectively. OW children had higher (p = 0.03) android:gynoid ratio 0.50 ± 0.09 compared to HW children 0.56 ± 0.12, indicating excess fat was predominantly stored in the abdominal depot. CRP was higher (p = 0.01) in OW children 1.45 ± 2.02 mg/L compared to HW 0.74 ± 1.38 mg/L. Percent fat was correlated with CRP (r = 0.32; p < 0.01) and TNFα (r = 0.25; p = 0.04) concentrations. CRP also correlated with android adiposity (r = 0.24; p = 0.04) and TNFα correlated with gynoid adiposity (r = 0.24; p = 0.04). We observed that greater adiposity is associated with higher systemic inflammation in pre-school aged children. Future longitudinal studies are needed to understand the long term consequences of excess total and regional body fat in young children.
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35
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Metabolically Healthy versus Unhealthy Morbidly Obese: Chronic Inflammation, Nitro-Oxidative Stress, and Insulin Resistance. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10091199. [PMID: 30200422 PMCID: PMC6164113 DOI: 10.3390/nu10091199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolically heathy obesity is characterised by the presence of obesity in the absence of metabolic disturbances. The aim of our study was to analyse pro-inflammatory, nitro-oxidative stress, and insulin-resistance (IR) markers in metabolically healthy morbidly obese (MHMO) with respect to metabolically unhealthy morbidly obese (MUHMO) with metabolic syndrome (MS) and to identify the potential predictors of MS in the MHMO group. Two groups of MHMO and MUHMO with MS were analysed. We evaluated serum high sensitivity C reactive protein (hsCRP), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), chemerin, nitrite and nitrate (NOx), total oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant response (TAR), fasting blood glucose, insulin, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR.) MHMO have similar hsCRP and TNF-α values as the MUHMO with MS, while chemerin was significantly lower in MHMO. NOx was higher in MUHMO with MS patients, while no difference regarding TOS and TAR was found between the two groups. HOMA-IR and insulin values were lower in MHMO as compared to the MUHMO with MS group. Insulin, HOMA-IR, and chemerin were identified predictors of MS in MHMO. In conclusion, MHMO and MUHMO display similarities and differences in terms of chronic inflammation, nitro-oxidative stress, and IR. Markers of IR and chemerin are possible predictors of MS in MHMO.
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36
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Miya A, Nakamura A, Miyoshi H, Takano Y, Sunagoya K, Hayasaka K, Shimizu C, Terauchi Y, Atsumi T. Impact of Glucose Loading on Variations in CD4 + and CD8 + T Cells in Japanese Participants with or without Type 2 Diabetes. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:81. [PMID: 29615971 PMCID: PMC5870166 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to examine the fluctuations in CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, and natural CD4+CD25+FoxP3+T-regulatory (Treg) cells following an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in participants with and those without type 2 diabetes (T2DM). METHODS 19 Japanese participants with T2DM (DM group) and 21 participants without diabetes (non-DM group) were recruited and underwent a 75-g OGTT. The cell numbers of leukocytes, lymphocytes, and the T cell compartment, such as CD4+, CD8+, and Treg, were calculated for blood samples obtained after an overnight 12 h fast and during a 75-g OGTT at 60 and 120 min. RESULTS Before glucose loading, no differences in the cell numbers of leukocytes, lymphocytes, CD4+, CD8+, and Treg were observed between the DM group and the non-DM group. The proportion of CD8+ was significantly reduced, whereas the proportion of CD4+ was significantly increased, after 120 min of glucose loading in both groups. The proportion of Treg was not affected. Furthermore, a significant positive correlation was observed between the AUC0-120 min of CD8+ and the change in the free fatty acid level following the OGTT (ρ = 0.39, P < 0.05), but not that of glucose or insulin. CONCLUSION The proportion of CD4+ T cells was increased and that of CD8+ T cells was reduced after glucose loading in both subjects with and without diabetes. These findings suggest that glucose loading dynamically affects the balance of the circulating T lymphocyte subset, regardless of glucose tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aika Miya
- Department of Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Akinobu Nakamura
- Department of Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- *Correspondence: Akinobu Nakamura,
| | - Hideaki Miyoshi
- Department of Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yoshinari Takano
- Department of Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kana Sunagoya
- Division of Laboratory and Transfusion Medicine, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Koji Hayasaka
- Division of Laboratory and Transfusion Medicine, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Chikara Shimizu
- Division of Laboratory and Transfusion Medicine, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yasuo Terauchi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Atsumi
- Department of Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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Morgan-Bathke M, Harteneck D, Jaeger P, Sondergaard E, Karwoski R, De Ycaza AE, Carranza-Leon BG, Faubion WA, Oliveira AM, Jensen MD. Comparison of Methods for Analyzing Human Adipose Tissue Macrophage Content. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2017; 25:2100-2107. [PMID: 28985040 PMCID: PMC5705319 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Revised: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The relationship between inflammation, obesity, and adverse metabolic conditions is associated with adipose tissue macrophages (ATM). This study compared the measurements of human ATM using flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry (IHC), and real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) of ATM markers. METHODS A new software program (AMCounter) was evaluated to help measure ATM using IHC, and this was compared to flow cytometry and RT-PCR. RESULTS IHC had good intraindividual reproducibility for total (CD68), proinflammatory (CD14), and anti-inflammatory (CD206) ATM. The AMCounter improved interreader agreement and was more time efficient. Flow cytometry had acceptable intraindividual reproducibility for the percentage of CD68+ cells that were CD14+ or CD206+ , but not for ATMs per gram of tissue. ATMs per gram of tissue was much greater using IHC than flow cytometry. The flow cytometry and IHC measures of ATM from the same biopsies were not correlated. There were statistically significant correlations between RT-PCR CD68 and IHC CD68, CD14, and CD206 ATMs per 100 adipocytes. Also of interest were statistically significant correlations between RT-PCR CD68 and IHC CD68, CD14, and adipose flow cytometry measures of CD68+ , CD68+ /CD14+ , and CD68+ /CD206+ ATMs per gram of tissue. CONCLUSIONS The AMCounter software helps provide reproducible and efficient measures of IHC ATMs. Flow cytometry, IHC, and RT-PCR measures of adipose inflammation provide somewhat different information.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Debra Harteneck
- Endocrine Research Unit, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota USA
| | - Philippa Jaeger
- Endocrine Research Unit, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota USA
| | - Esben Sondergaard
- Endocrine Research Unit, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota USA
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus DENMARK
| | - Ron Karwoski
- Biomedical Imaging Resources, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Michael D. Jensen
- Endocrine Research Unit, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota USA
- Corresponding Author: Michael D. Jensen, Mayo Clinic, Endocrine Research Unit, 200 1 St SW, Rm 5-194 Joseph, Rochester, MN 55905, 507-255-6515 (tel), 507-255-4828 (fax),
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Denis GV, Sebastiani P, Andrieu G, Tran AH, Strissel KJ, Lombardi FL, Palmer JR. Relationships Among Obesity, Type 2 Diabetes, and Plasma Cytokines in African American Women. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2017; 25:1916-1920. [PMID: 28840653 PMCID: PMC5669048 DOI: 10.1002/oby.21943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Revised: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The principal objective of this investigation was to identify novel cytokine associations with BMI and type 2 diabetes (T2D). METHODS Cytokines were profiled from African American women with obesity who donated plasma to the Komen Tissue Bank. Multiplex bead arrays of analytes were used to quantify 88 cytokines and chemokines in association with clinical diagnoses of metabolic health. Regression models were generated after elimination of outliers. RESULTS Among women with obesity, T2D was associated with breast adipocyte hypertrophy and with six plasma analytes, including four chemokines (chemokine [C-C motif] ligand 2, chemokine [C-C motif] ligand 16, chemokine [C-X-C motif] ligand 1, and chemokine [C-X-C motif] ligand 16) and two growth factors (interleukin 2 and epidermal growth factor). In addition, three analytes were associated with obesity independently of diabetes: interleukin 4, soluble CD40 ligand, and chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 3. CONCLUSIONS Profiling of inflammatory cytokines combined with measures of BMI may produce a more personalized risk assessment for obesity-associated disease in African American women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald V Denis
- Department of Medicine, Cancer Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Paola Sebastiani
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Guillaume Andrieu
- Department of Medicine, Cancer Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Anna H Tran
- Department of Medicine, Cancer Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Katherine J Strissel
- Department of Medicine, Cancer Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Frank L Lombardi
- Department of Medicine, Cancer Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Julie R Palmer
- Slone Epidemiology Center, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Kucuk Baloglu F, Baloglu O, Heise S, Brockmann G, Severcan F. Triglyceride dependent differentiation of obesity in adipose tissues by FTIR spectroscopy coupled with chemometrics. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2017; 10:1345-1355. [PMID: 28128535 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201600223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Revised: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The excess deposition of triglycerides in adipose tissue is the main reason of obesity and causes excess release of fatty acids to the circulatory system resulting in obesity and insulin resistance. Body mass index and waist circumference are not precise measure of obesity and obesity related metabolic diseases. Therefore, in the current study, it was aimed to propose triglyceride bands located at 1770-1720 cm-1 spectral region as a more sensitive obesity related biomarker using the diagnostic potential of Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy in subcutaneous (SCAT) and visceral (VAT) adipose tissues. The adipose tissue samples were obtained from 10 weeks old male control (DBA/2J) (n = 6) and four different obese BFMI mice lines (n = 6 per group). FTIR spectroscopy coupled with hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to the spectra of triglyceride bands as a diagnostic tool in the discrimination of the samples. Successful discrimination of the obese, obesity related insulin resistant and control groups were achieved with high sensitivity and specificity. The results revealed the power of FTIR spectroscopy coupled with chemometric approaches in internal diagnosis of abdominal obesity based on the spectral differences in the triglyceride region that can be used as a spectral marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Kucuk Baloglu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Middle East Technical University, 06531, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Onur Baloglu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Middle East Technical University, 06531, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sebastian Heise
- Department of Breeding Biology and Molecular Genetics, Humboldt Universitatzu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gudrun Brockmann
- Department of Breeding Biology and Molecular Genetics, Humboldt Universitatzu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Feride Severcan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Middle East Technical University, 06531, Ankara, Turkey
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40
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Jung H, Chen CYO, Blumberg JB, Kwak HK. The effect of almonds on vitamin E status and cardiovascular risk factors in Korean adults: a randomized clinical trial. Eur J Nutr 2017; 57:2069-2079. [PMID: 28695324 PMCID: PMC6105263 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-017-1480-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Almonds have shown to beneficially modify some cardiovascular risk factors in clinical trials conducted in diverse ethnic populations but this relationship has never been tested in Koreans. Thus, we tested the impact of almonds consumed as a snack within the context of a typical Korean diet on cardiovascular risk factors. Methods We conducted a randomized, crossover trial in a free-living setting with a 2-week run-in period, two 4-week intervention phases, and a 2-week washout period between interventions. Eighty four overweight/obese participants (11 M/73 F; 52.4 ± 0.6 year; 25.4 ± 0.22 kg/m2) consumed either 56 g of almonds or isocaloric cookies daily for 4 weeks. Results Mean % daily energy intake at baseline was 64.8, 21.3, and 14.9% from carbohydrate, fat, and protein, respectively. The addition of 56 g of almonds daily decreased carbohydrate energy to 55.0%, increased fat to 32.0%, and maintained protein at 14.7%. Consuming the almonds increased intake of MUFA by 192.3%, PUFA by 84.5%, vitamin E by 102.7%, and dietary fiber by 11.8% and decreased % energy from carbohydrate by 14.1%. Total caloric intake was increased by the almonds, but body weight, waist circumference, and body composition were not affected. Almonds in overweight and obese Korean adults decreased TC, LDL-C, and non-HDL-C by 5.5, 4.6, and 6.4%, respectively, compared to the cookie control (P ≤ 0.05). Almonds increased plasma α-tocopherol by 8.5% (P ≤ 0.05) from the baseline and tended to increase its value as compared to cookies (P = 0.055). Neither the almonds nor cookies altered plasma protein carbonyls, MDA or oxLDL. Of serum inflammatory markers, IL-10 was decreased by almond intake (P ≤ 0.05), and ICAM-1, IL-1β, and IL-6 tended to be lower with almonds, compared to the cookies. Conclusions Almonds at 56 g/day consumed as a snack favorably modified the Korean diet by increasing MUFA, PUFA, vitamin E, and dietary fiber intake and decreasing % energy intake from carbohydrate. Almonds also enhanced plasma α-tocopherol status and serum TC and LDL-C in overweight and obese Koreans. Thus, including almonds in typical Korean diets as a snack can help healthy overweight/obese individuals improve nutritional status and reduce their risk for CVD. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00394-017-1480-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Jung
- Department of Human Ecology, Korea National Open University, 86, Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03087, Republic of Korea
| | - C-Y Oliver Chen
- Antioxidants Research Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Jeffrey B Blumberg
- Antioxidants Research Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Ho-Kyung Kwak
- Department of Human Ecology, Korea National Open University, 86, Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03087, Republic of Korea.
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Oliva-Olivera W, Lhamyani S, Coín-Aragüez L, Castellano-Castillo D, Alcaide-Torres J, Yubero-Serrano EM, El Bekay R, Tinahones FJ. Neovascular deterioration, impaired NADPH oxidase and inflammatory cytokine expression in adipose-derived multipotent cells from subjects with metabolic syndrome. Metabolism 2017; 71:132-143. [PMID: 28521866 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2017.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Revised: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Expansion of adipose tissue depends on the growth of its vascular network and it has been shown that adipose tissue dysfunction in obese subjects with the metabolic syndrome is associated with decreased angiogenesis. However, some subjects with a high body mass index do not develop metabolic abnormalities associated with obesity. In this study we examined the neovascular properties, expression levels of proteins involved in cellular redox balance and inflammatory cytokines in adipose-derived multipotent mesenchymal cells (ASCs) of subjects with different metabolic profiles. MATERIALS/METHODS We applied cell culture, flow cytometry, RT-qPCR and ELISA techniques to characterize the ASCs isolated from paired biopsies of visceral (visASCs) and subcutaneous (subASCs) adipose tissue from 39 subjects grouped into normal weight (Nw), obese without metabolic syndrome (NonMS) and with metabolic syndrome (MS). RESULTS VisASCs and subASCs from MS subjects showed a decrease in tubules formation capacity compared to ASCs from NonMS subjects as well as changes in the expression levels of proteins involved in cell redox balance and secretion levels of proteins linked to the senescence-associated secretory phenotype. Deterioration in the neovascular properties of subASCs from the MS subjects was also evident in the decreased levels of VEGF secretion during adipogenesis and in the effects of the conditioned medium on endothelial cell tubule formation. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest a redox imbalance status in ASCs from subjects with metabolic syndrome and decreased their neovascular function that probably contributes to the vascular insufficiency of adipose depots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilfredo Oliva-Olivera
- Department of Clinical Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institute of Biomedical Research of Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital of Málaga (Virgen de la Victoria), University of Málaga (UMA), Málaga, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain.
| | - Said Lhamyani
- Research Laboratory, Science School, University of Málaga (UMA), Campus Teatinos s/n, 29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - Leticia Coín-Aragüez
- Department of Clinical Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institute of Biomedical Research of Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital of Málaga (Virgen de la Victoria), University of Málaga (UMA), Málaga, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
| | - Daniel Castellano-Castillo
- Department of Clinical Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institute of Biomedical Research of Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital of Málaga (Virgen de la Victoria), University of Málaga (UMA), Málaga, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
| | - Juan Alcaide-Torres
- Department of Clinical Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institute of Biomedical Research of Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital of Málaga (Virgen de la Victoria), University of Málaga (UMA), Málaga, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
| | - Elena María Yubero-Serrano
- Department of Clinical Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institute of Biomedical Research of Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital of Málaga (Virgen de la Victoria), University of Málaga (UMA), Málaga, Spain; Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research of Córdoba, Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Rajaa El Bekay
- Department of Clinical Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institute of Biomedical Research of Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital of Málaga (Virgen de la Victoria), University of Málaga (UMA), Málaga, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain.
| | - Francisco José Tinahones
- Department of Clinical Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institute of Biomedical Research of Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital of Málaga (Virgen de la Victoria), University of Málaga (UMA), Málaga, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain.
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Wei W, Bastiaansen-Jenniskens YM, Suijkerbuijk M, Kops N, Bos PK, Verhaar JAN, Zuurmond AM, Dell'Accio F, van Osch GJVM. High fat diet accelerates cartilage repair in DBA/1 mice. J Orthop Res 2017; 35:1258-1264. [PMID: 27147295 DOI: 10.1002/jor.23280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/30/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a well-known risk factor for osteoarthritis, but it is unknown what it does on cartilage repair. Here we investigated whether a high fat diet (HFD) influences cartilage repair in a mouse model of cartilage repair. We fed DBA/1 mice control or HFD (60% energy from fat). After 2 weeks, a full thickness cartilage defect was made in the trochlear groove. Mice were sacrificed, 1, 8, and 24 weeks after operation. Cartilage repair was evaluated on histology. Serum glucose, insulin and amyloid A were measured 24 h before operation and at endpoints. Immunohistochemical staining was performed on synovium and adipose tissue to evaluate macrophage infiltration and phenotype. One week after operation, mice on HFD had defect filling with fibroblast-like cells and more cartilage repair as indicated by a lower Pineda score. After 8 weeks, mice on a HFD still had a lower Pineda score. After 24 weeks, no mice had complete cartilage repair and we did not detect a significant difference in cartilage repair between diets. Bodyweight was increased by HFD, whereas serum glucose, amyloid A and insulin were not influenced. Macrophage infiltration and phenotype in adipose tissue and synovium were not influenced by HFD. In contrast to common wisdom, HFD accelerated intrinsic cartilage repair in DBA/1 mice on the short term. Resistance to HFD induced inflammatory and metabolic changes could be associated with accelerated cartilage repair. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 35:1258-1264, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu Wei
- Department of Orthopaedics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Mathijs Suijkerbuijk
- Department of Orthopaedics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nicole Kops
- Department of Orthopaedics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter K Bos
- Department of Orthopaedics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan A N Verhaar
- Department of Orthopaedics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Gerjo J V M van Osch
- Department of Orthopaedics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Sun L, Li X, Li G, Dai B, Tan W. Actinidia chinensis Planch. Improves the Indices of Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammation Status of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus by Activating Keap1 and Nrf2 via the Upregulation of MicroRNA-424. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:7038789. [PMID: 28642811 PMCID: PMC5470031 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7038789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2016] [Revised: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The fruit juice of Actinidia chinensis Planch. has antioxidant and anti-inflammation properties on patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), but the molecular mechanism was unclear. The patients took the juice and the serum level of antioxidant miR-424, Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1), erythroid-derived 2-like 2 (Nrf2), and biochemical indices were measured. The juice increased the levels of serum microRNA-424, Keap1, and Nrf2 and reduced the levels of interleukin-1 (IL-1) beta and IL-6 in T2DM patients. The levels of SOD and GSH were higher while the levels of ALT and AST were lower in the patients consuming the juice when compared to the patients without taking the juice. The Spearman rank correlation analysis showed that the serum levels of miR-424 were positively related to Keap1 and Nrf2 levels while Keap1 and Nrf2 levels were positively related to the levels of SOD and GSH and negatively related to IL-1 beta and IL-6. Thus, FJACP improves the indices of antioxidant and anti-inflammation status by activating Keap1 and Nrf2 via the upregulation of miR-424 in the patients with T2DM. This trial is registered with ChiCTR-ONC-17011087 on 04/07/2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longfeng Sun
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Xiaofei Li
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Urology, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang 110042, China
| | - Bing Dai
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Wei Tan
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
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Klimontov VV, Tyan NV, Fazullina ON, Myakina NE, Orlov NB, Konenkov VI. [Acute-phase serum proteins and adipocytokines in women with type 2 diabetes mellitus: Relationships with body composition and blood glucose fluctuations]. TERAPEVT ARKH 2017; 88:35-41. [PMID: 27801417 DOI: 10.17116/terarkh2016881035-41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM To estimate the relationships between the serum concentrations of acute-phase proteins (APPs) and adipocytokines, body composition (BC), and blood glucose (BG) fluctuations in women with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). SUBJECTS AND METHODS A total of 165 women with T2DM and 22 with a normal body mass index (BMI) at the age of 40 to 70 years were examined. The concentrations of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and acid α1-glycoprotein (α1-AGP) were determined by ELISA. The levels of interleukins 6, 8, and 18 (IL-6, IL-8, IL-18), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) were measured by a multiplex analysis. Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry was used to estimate BC parameters. BG fluctuations were estimated via continuous glucose monitoring. RESULTS The levels of hs-CRP, α1-AGP, IL-6, IL-8, IL-18, TNF-α, and PAI-1 were significantly higher in the obese women with T2DM than those in the control group. In the diabetic normal weight women, only hs-CRP, α1-AGP, and IL-8 concentrations exceeded those in the controls. The level of hs-CRP (other than α1-AGP) correlated positively with BMI, the mass of adipose tissue, body trunk (android), and gynoid fats. A multivariate regression analysis showed that adipose tissue mass and trunk fat proportion were independent predictors of hs-CRP levels. The concentrations of IL-6, IL-8, IL-18, PAI-1, and TNF-α correlated positively with waist-to-hip ratio, but demonstrated no associations with BMI and BC. Only the serum α1-AGP level showed a positive association with mean BG and its variability parameters. CONCLUSION In the women with T2DM, the serum concentrations of APPs and adipocytokines correlate differently with the mass of adipose tissue, its distribution, and BG fluctuations. The findings indicate the multifactorial genesis of chronic inflammation in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- V V Klimontov
- Research Institute of Clinical and Experimental Lymphology, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - N V Tyan
- Research Institute of Clinical and Experimental Lymphology, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - O N Fazullina
- Research Institute of Clinical and Experimental Lymphology, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - N E Myakina
- Research Institute of Clinical and Experimental Lymphology, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - N B Orlov
- Research Institute of Clinical and Experimental Lymphology, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - V I Konenkov
- Research Institute of Clinical and Experimental Lymphology, Novosibirsk, Russia
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Liang P, Xi L, Shi J, Li W, Zhao S, Deng Y, Wang R, Sun Y, Gu B, Yuan L, Zhang Y, Gu W, Wang W, Hong J. Prevalence of polycystic ovary syndrome in Chinese obese women of reproductive age with or without metabolic syndrome. Fertil Steril 2017; 107:1048-1054. [PMID: 28238496 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2016.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2016] [Revised: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the prevalence of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and related clinical characteristics between metabolically unhealthy obese (MUO) and metabolically healthy obese (MHO) women of reproductive age. DESIGN Cross-sectional clinical study. SETTING Tertiary hospital. PATIENT(S) We studied 299 MUO and 122 MHO Chinese women matched on body mass index. Metabolically healthy obese was defined as obesity with no more than one metabolic abnormality. Diagnosis of PCOS was based on the revised Rotterdam criteria. INTERVENTION(S) Each subject underwent physical examination, laboratory evaluation, and gynecologic ultrasound for a diagnosis of PCOS or metabolic syndrome (MetS). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Prevalence of PCOS was calculated in both groups. Insulin resistance was determined by homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance or by the insulin sensitivity index derived from Bergman's minimal model. Fat distribution was measured with computerized tomography scan. RESULT(S) Prevalence of PCOS and its components did not differ between MUO and BMI-matched MHO groups (67.89% and 66.96%, respectively). In logistic regression analysis, MetS did not predict the presence of PCOS after adjusting for confounding factors. The MHO group had lower visceral adipose tissue, relatively higher insulin sensitivity, and better β-cell function, compared with those in the MUO group; but there were no significant differences in sex hormones (except for free T and sex hormone-binding globulin) and ultrasound manifestations between MHO and MUO women. CONCLUSION(S) For the first time, our findings suggest that MetS does not add additional risk for PCOS. In addition, we found that both MUO and MHO are associated with insulin resistance to some extent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiwen Liang
- Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases at Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai; Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai; Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Liuqing Xi
- Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases at Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai; Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai; Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Shi
- Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases at Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai; Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai; Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanyu Li
- Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases at Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai; Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai; Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaoqian Zhao
- Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases at Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai; Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai; Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuying Deng
- Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases at Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai; Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai; Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Wang
- Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases at Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai; Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai; Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingkai Sun
- Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases at Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai; Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai; Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Gu
- Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases at Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai; Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai; Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Lihui Yuan
- Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases at Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai; Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai; Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yifei Zhang
- Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases at Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai; Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai; Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiqiong Gu
- Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases at Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai; Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai; Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiqing Wang
- Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases at Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai; Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai; Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Hong
- Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases at Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai; Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai; Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
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Liu X, Perakakis N, Gong H, Chamberland JP, Brinkoetter MT, Hamnvik OPR, Mantzoros CS. Adiponectin administration prevents weight gain and glycemic profile changes in diet-induced obese immune deficient Rag1-/- mice lacking mature lymphocytes. Metabolism 2016; 65:1720-1730. [PMID: 27832860 PMCID: PMC5123678 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2016.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Revised: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is associated with chronic low-grade inflammation leading to insulin resistance and diabetes. Adiponectin is an adipokine that regulates inflammatory responses. The aim of our study was to investigate whether any effects of adiponectin against obesity and insulin-resistance may depend on the adaptive immune system. METHODS We treated high-fat-diet fed Rag1-/- mice lacking mature lymphocytes with adiponectin over 7weeks and investigated alterations in their metabolic outcome and inflammatory state. RESULTS Adiponectin protects from weight gain despite a small compensatory stimulation of energy intake in mice lacking an adaptive immune system. Additionally, adiponectin protects from dysglycemia. Minor alterations in the macrophage phenotype, but not in the circulating cytokine levels, may contribute to the protective role of adiponectin against hyperglycemia and diabetes. CONCLUSION Adiponectin or agents increasing adiponectin may be a promising therapeutic option against obesity and hyperglycemia in immune-deficient populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowen Liu
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Nikolaos Perakakis
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
| | - Huizhi Gong
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - John P Chamberland
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Section of Endocrinology, Boston VA Healthcare System, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02130, USA
| | - Mary T Brinkoetter
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Ole-Petter R Hamnvik
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Section of Endocrinology, Boston VA Healthcare System, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02130, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Christos S Mantzoros
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Section of Endocrinology, Boston VA Healthcare System, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02130, USA
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Lips MA, van Klinken JB, Pijl H, Janssen I, Willems van Dijk K, Koning F, van Harmelen V. Weight loss induced by very low calorie diet is associated with a more beneficial systemic inflammatory profile than by Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. Metabolism 2016; 65:1614-1620. [PMID: 27733249 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2016.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Revised: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Weight loss interventions such as Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and very low calorie diets (VLCD) lead to improvement of glucose metabolism in obese individuals with type-2 diabetes. Weight loss can also positively influence the unfavorable inflammatory profile associated with obesity. However, a direct comparison of the effect of VLCD and RYGB on systemic inflammation is lacking. METHODS Systemic inflammation was investigated in age- and BMI-matched morbidly obese T2DM women by determining the number and activation- or memory status of peripheral blood leukocytes by flow cytometry, in addition to measuring circulating levels of cytokines and CRP. Systemic inflammation was assessed one month before and three months after RYGB (n=15) or VLCD (n=12). An age matched group of lean women (n=12) was studied as control group. RESULTS Three months after the intervention, CRP and leptin levels were reduced whereas adiponectin levels were increased both by RYGB and VLCD. TNF-α levels were increased by RYGB, but reduced by VLCD. IL-2 and IL-6 levels were reduced and IL-4 levels were increased by VLCD but not affected by RYGB. The number of activated peripheral cytotoxic T (CD8+CD25+) and B (CD19+CD38+) cells was significantly higher after RYGB than after VLCD. CONCLUSION In conclusion, RYGB and VLCD have differential effects on the activation status of peripheral leukocytes and levels of cytokines in obese women with T2DM, despite comparable weight loss three months after the intervention. VLCD seems to have more favorable effects on the inflammatory profile as compared to RYGB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirjam A Lips
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Jan Bert van Klinken
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Hanno Pijl
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Ignace Janssen
- Department of Surgery, Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, the Netherlands
| | - Ko Willems van Dijk
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Frits Koning
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Vanessa van Harmelen
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
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Michopoulos V, Vester A, Neigh G. Posttraumatic stress disorder: A metabolic disorder in disguise? Exp Neurol 2016; 284:220-229. [PMID: 27246996 PMCID: PMC5056806 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2016.05.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Revised: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a heterogeneous psychiatric disorder that affects individuals exposed to trauma and is highly co-morbid with other adverse health outcomes, including cardiovascular disease and obesity. The unique pathophysiological feature of PTSD is the inability to inhibit fear responses, such that individuals suffering from PTSD re-experience traumatic memories and are unable to control psychophysiological responses to trauma-associated stimuli. However, underlying alterations in sympathetic nervous system activity, neuroendocrine systems, and metabolism associated with PTSD are similar to those present in traditional metabolic disorders, such as obesity and diabetes. The current review highlights existing clinical, translational, and preclinical data that support the notion that underneath the primary indication of impaired fear inhibition, PTSD is itself also a metabolic disorder and proposes altered function of inflammatory responses as a common underlying mechanism. The therapeutic implications of treating PTSD as a whole-body condition are significant, as targeting any underlying biological system whose activity is altered in both PTSD and metabolic disorders, (i.e. HPA axis, sympathetic nervous systems, inflammation) may elicit symptomatic relief in individuals suffering from these whole-body adverse outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliki Michopoulos
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States; Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Aimee Vester
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Gretchen Neigh
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States; Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, GA, United States; Department of Physiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States.
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49
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Does Metabolically Healthy Obesity Exist? Nutrients 2016; 8:nu8060320. [PMID: 27258304 PMCID: PMC4924161 DOI: 10.3390/nu8060320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Revised: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The relationship between obesity and other metabolic diseases have been deeply studied. However, there are clinical inconsistencies, exceptions to the paradigm of "more fat means more metabolic disease", and the subjects in this condition are referred to as metabolically healthy obese (MHO).They have long-standing obesity and morbid obesity but can be considered healthy despite their high degree of obesity. We describe the variable definitions of MHO, the underlying mechanisms that can explain the existence of this phenotype caused by greater adipose tissue inflammation or the different capacity for adipose tissue expansion and functionality apart from other unknown mechanisms. We analyze whether these subjects improve after an intervention (traditional lifestyle recommendations or bariatric surgery) or if they stay healthy as the years pass. MHO is common among the obese population and constitutes a unique subset of characteristics that reduce metabolic and cardiovascular risk factors despite the presence of excessive fat mass. The protective factors that grant a healthier profile to individuals with MHO are being elucidated.
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50
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Acosta JR, Douagi I, Andersson DP, Bäckdahl J, Rydén M, Arner P, Laurencikiene J. Increased fat cell size: a major phenotype of subcutaneous white adipose tissue in non-obese individuals with type 2 diabetes. Diabetologia 2016; 59:560-70. [PMID: 26607638 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-015-3810-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS We aimed to elucidate the impact of fat cell size and inflammatory status of adipose tissue on the development of type 2 diabetes in non-obese individuals. METHODS We characterised subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue by examining stromal cell populations by 13 colour flow cytometry, measuring expression of adipogenesis genes in the progenitor cell fraction and determining lipolysis and adipose secretion of inflammatory proteins in 14 non-obese men with type 2 diabetes and 13 healthy controls matched for age, sex, body weight and total fat mass. RESULTS Individuals with diabetes had larger fat cells than the healthy controls but stromal cell population frequencies, adipose lipolysis and secretion of inflammatory proteins did not differ between the two groups. However, in the entire cohort fat cell size correlated positively with the ratio of M1/M2 macrophages, TNF-α secretion, lipolysis and insulin resistance. Expression of genes encoding regulators of adipogenesis and adipose morphology (BMP4, CEBPα [also known as CEBPA], PPARγ [also known as PPARG] and EBF1) correlated negatively with fat cell size. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION We show that a major phenotype of white adipose tissue in non-obese individuals with type 2 diabetes is adipocyte hypertrophy, which may be mediated by an impaired adipogenic capacity in progenitor cells. Consequently, this could have an impact on adipose tissue inflammation, release of fatty acids, ectopic fat deposition and insulin sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan R Acosta
- Lipid laboratory, Novum, D4, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Hälsovägen 7, 14186, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Iyadh Douagi
- Center of Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Novum, D4, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Daniel P Andersson
- Lipid laboratory, Novum, D4, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Hälsovägen 7, 14186, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jesper Bäckdahl
- Lipid laboratory, Novum, D4, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Hälsovägen 7, 14186, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mikael Rydén
- Lipid laboratory, Novum, D4, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Hälsovägen 7, 14186, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter Arner
- Lipid laboratory, Novum, D4, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Hälsovägen 7, 14186, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jurga Laurencikiene
- Lipid laboratory, Novum, D4, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Hälsovägen 7, 14186, Stockholm, Sweden.
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