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Muñoz-Pina S, Khvostenko K, García-Hernández J, Heredia A, Andrés A. In vitro digestibility and angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity of solid-state fermented fava beans (Vicia faba L.). Food Chem 2024; 455:139867. [PMID: 38823127 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.139867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Reducing the content of quickly absorbed carbohydrates and saturated fats in snack formulations while increasing the consumption of high-quality proteins are effective strategies to prevent obesity in childhood. Thus, the nutritional value, digestibility, and functionality of fava beans (Vicia faba L.) fermented with Pleurotus ostreatus were examined as potential ingredients for food design. Solid-state fermentation enhanced the protein content by 16% with a rise in essential (25%) and non-essential (15%) amino acids while decreasing total carbohydrate content and tannin levels. Moreover, fermentation modified the amino acid profile released during digestion, increasing amino acids such as valine, isoleucine, and threonine, which are vital for health and development in childhood. Furthermore, the bioaccessible fraction of the fermented bean showed a 60% of ACE inhibition and improved magnesium bioaccessibility. Consequently, fava beans fermented with Pleurotus ostreatus emerged as a new ingredient in the development of new protein-rich snacks tailored for children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Muñoz-Pina
- Instituto Universitario de Ingeniería de Alimentos - FoodUPV. Universitat Politècnica de València. Camino de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain..
| | - Kateryna Khvostenko
- Instituto Universitario de Ingeniería de Alimentos - FoodUPV. Universitat Politècnica de València. Camino de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Jorge García-Hernández
- Centro Avanzado de Microbiología de Alimentos (CAMA), Universitat Politècnica de València. Camino de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ana Heredia
- Instituto Universitario de Ingeniería de Alimentos - FoodUPV. Universitat Politècnica de València. Camino de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ana Andrés
- Instituto Universitario de Ingeniería de Alimentos - FoodUPV. Universitat Politècnica de València. Camino de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
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Zheng Y, Zhang L, Xiang Q, Li J, Yao Y, Sun H, Zhao H. Human exposure characteristics of pharmaceutical and personal care product chemicals and associations with dietary habits. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 939:173540. [PMID: 38806129 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Considering the widespread presence of pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) in the environment and their adverse health effects, human exposure to PPCPs has caused worldwide concern. However, there remains insufficient information on the exposure assessment of the Chinese population. Based on this, the exposure levels of 13 PPCPs in the urine samples of 986 Chinese adults were measured, aiming to provide information on the prevalence of PPCP occurrence and investigate potential correlations between PPCP exposure and obesity. Results showed that the detection rates of these compounds in urine ranged from 28.12 % to 98.58 %, with median concentrations ranging below the limit of detection to 10.58 ng mL-1. Methyl-paraben (MeP) was the most dominant paraben and had the highest urinary concentration (median = 10.12 ng mL-1), while 4-hydroxy-benzophenone (4-OH-BP) was the dominant benzophenone derivative (median = 0.22 ng mL-1). In antibacterials, the urinary concentration of triclosan (mean = 42.00 ng mL-1) was much higher than that of triclocarban (mean = 0.63 ng mL-1). PPCP concentrations were significantly associated with sex, age, body mass index, education level, and annual household income (p < 0.050). Regression analysis of dietary habits showed that seafood and tea consumption may be significant exposure sources of PPCP exposure (p < 0.050). Furthermore, individual exposure to MeP (odds ratio (OR) < 1, p = 0.002) and 4-OH-BP (OR < 1, p = 0.009) exhibited a significantly negative association with obesity in females. Also, analysis results from quantile g-computation and Bayesian kernel machine regression models demonstrated that an inverse correlation between PPCP mixture exposure and obesity was significant in females. This study reports the extensive prevalence of PPCP exposure among adults from China, and may provide crucial insights into PPCP exposure dynamics. More epidemiological studies are need in the future, with a thorough knowledge of PPCP exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yawen Zheng
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Research Unit of Food Safety, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, NHC Key Lab of Food Safety Risk Assessment, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment (CFSA), Beijing 100021, China
| | - Qian Xiang
- Healthcare-associated Infection Control Center, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, Sichuan, China
| | - Jingguang Li
- Research Unit of Food Safety, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, NHC Key Lab of Food Safety Risk Assessment, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment (CFSA), Beijing 100021, China
| | - Yiming Yao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Hongwen Sun
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Hongzhi Zhao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China.
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Jiang Y, Yu T, Fan J, Guo X, Hua H, Xu D, Wang Y, Yan CH, Xu J. Longitudinal associations of social jetlag with obesity indicators among adolescents - Shanghai adolescent cohort. Sleep Med 2024; 121:171-178. [PMID: 38991425 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2024.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the longitudinal association between social-jetlag (SJL) and obesity development among adolescents, sex-difference and related modifying factors in the association. METHODS Based on Shanghai-Adolescent-Cohort during 2017-2021, a total of 609 students were investigated. In grade 6, 7 and 9, the information on SJL was collected using questionnaires, and anthropometric measures were conducted. The fingernail cortisol and progesterone levels in grade 6 (using LC-MS/MS) and body composition in grade 9 (using Inbody-S10) were measured. By the latent-class-mixture-modeling, two trajectories for SJL (high-level vs. low-level) throughout 4 years were developed. The prospective associations of SJL trajectories and weight/fat gains were analyzed by sex and under different (high/moderate/low) cortisol/progesterone stratifications. RESULTS In grades 6-9, 39.00%-44.50 % of adolescents experienced at least 1 h of SJL. Compared with the low-level SJL trajectory, the high-level SJL trajectory was associated with greater differences in body-mass-index Z-scores and waist-to-height ratios across 4 years, higher levels of body-fat-percentage and fat-mass-index in grade 9 (P-values<0.05), and such associations were stronger among girls and under moderate-to-high (vs. low) baseline cortisol and progesterone levels. However, no significant associations among boys were observed. CONCLUSIONS High-level SJL in adolescents may be associated with the development of obesity, especially among adolescent girls and under relatively high baseline cortisol and progesterone levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yining Jiang
- The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Ting Yu
- The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Jue Fan
- Department of Children's Healthcare, MOE-Shanghai Key Lab of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Changning Maternity & Infant Health Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangrong Guo
- The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Hua
- The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongqing Xu
- Institute of Higher Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuefen Wang
- Shanghai Municipal Education Commission Department, Shanghai, China
| | - Chong-Huai Yan
- Department of Children's Healthcare, MOE-Shanghai Key Lab of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Xu
- The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, China; Department of Children's Healthcare, MOE-Shanghai Key Lab of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Drieskens S, Charafeddine R, Vandevijvere S, De Pauw R, Demarest S. Rising socioeconomic disparities in childhood overweight and obesity in Belgium. Arch Public Health 2024; 82:98. [PMID: 38956737 PMCID: PMC11218334 DOI: 10.1186/s13690-024-01328-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood overweight, especially obesity, significantly impacts children's health and poses an increased risk of adult-onset diseases. This study aims to analyse the evolution of childhood overweight and obesity in Belgium from 1997 to 2018 and assess its variation across parental socioeconomic status (SES). METHODS The Health Interview Survey, a cross-sectional survey representative of the Belgian population, has been conducted since 1997, with the latest survey conducted in 2018. This study focuses on children aged 2-17 years. Body Mass Index (BMI, kg/m²) was derived from self-reported data, supplemented with proxy reports for children under 15 years old. Overweight and obesity were classified using age/sex-specific cut-off points. Highest parental educational level served as the indicator of SES. In addition to reporting the overall prevalence and the 95% confidence interval (95%CI) of childhood overweight and obesity by year, this study examines the absolute difference in prevalence between SES groups (low minus high) and calculates the Odds Ratio (OR, adjusted for age and sex) to evaluate the relative difference. RESULTS The overall prevalence of childhood overweight rose from 13.6% (95%CI = 11.2-16.1%) in 1997 to 18.9% (95%CI = 16.3-21.5%) in 2018; while it remained stable for obesity, fluctuating between 5.4% and 6.3% over the same period. This increase was more pronounced among children with low SES compared to those with high SES. Consequently, the absolute difference between children with low and high SES increased over time from 8.0% points (pp) in 1997 to 14.9 pp in 2018 for overweight, and from 3.1 pp to 6.8 pp for obesity. In terms of relative inequalities, overall, children with low SES exhibited significantly higher odds of overweight and of obesity than those with high SES (OR varying between 2 à 3 for overweight and between 2 and 4 for obesity). CONCLUSIONS The escalating disparities over time highlight SES as a significant risk factor for childhood overweight and obesity. Addressing these inequalities requires interventions such as providing healthy meals and increasing sports opportunities at school. Additionally, it is recommended to regulate fast food outlets near schools and limit unhealthy food marketing, particularly because children with low SES are more exposed to such influences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Drieskens
- Epidemiology and public health, Sciensano, J. Wytsmanstreet 14, Brussels, 1050, Belgium.
| | - Rana Charafeddine
- Epidemiology and public health, Sciensano, J. Wytsmanstreet 14, Brussels, 1050, Belgium
| | - Stefanie Vandevijvere
- Epidemiology and public health, Sciensano, J. Wytsmanstreet 14, Brussels, 1050, Belgium
| | - Robby De Pauw
- Epidemiology and public health, Sciensano, J. Wytsmanstreet 14, Brussels, 1050, Belgium
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Stefaan Demarest
- Epidemiology and public health, Sciensano, J. Wytsmanstreet 14, Brussels, 1050, Belgium
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Bizerea-Moga TO, Pitulice L, Bizerea-Spiridon O, Moga TV. Exploring the Link between Oxidative Stress, Selenium Levels, and Obesity in Youth. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7276. [PMID: 39000383 PMCID: PMC11242909 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a worldwide increasing concern. Although in adults this is easily estimated with the body mass index, in children, who are constantly growing and whose bodies are changing, the reference points to assess weight status are age and gender, and need corroboration with complementary data, making their quantification highly difficult. The present review explores the interaction spectrum of oxidative stress, selenium status, and obesity in children and adolescents. Any factor related to oxidative stress that triggers obesity and, conversely, obesity that induces oxidative stress are part of a vicious circle, a complex chain of mechanisms that derive from each other and reinforce each other with serious health consequences. Selenium and its compounds exhibit key antioxidant activity and also have a significant role in the nutritional evaluation of obese children. The balance of selenium intake, retention, and metabolism emerges as a vital aspect of health, reflecting the complex interactions between diet, oxidative stress, and obesity. Understanding whether selenium status is a contributor to or a consequence of obesity could inform nutritional interventions and public health strategies aimed at preventing and managing obesity from an early age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teofana Otilia Bizerea-Moga
- Department XI of Pediatrics-1st Pediatric Discipline, Center for Research on Growth and Developmental Disorders in Children, ‘Victor Babeș’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timișoara, Eftimie Murgu Sq No 2, 300041 Timișoara, Romania;
- 1st Pediatric Clinic, ‘Louis Țurcanu’ Children’s Clinical and Emergency Hospital, Iosif Nemoianu 2, 300011 Timișoara, Romania
| | - Laura Pitulice
- Department of Biology-Chemistry, West University of Timişoara, Pestallozi 16, 300115 Timişoara, Romania;
- The Institute for Advanced Environmental Research (ICAM), Popa Şapcă 4C, 300054 Timişoara, Romania
| | - Otilia Bizerea-Spiridon
- Department of Biology-Chemistry, West University of Timişoara, Pestallozi 16, 300115 Timişoara, Romania;
- The Institute for Advanced Environmental Research (ICAM), Popa Şapcă 4C, 300054 Timişoara, Romania
| | - Tudor Voicu Moga
- Department VII of Internal Medicine-Gastroenterology Discipline, Advanced Regional Research Center in Gastroenterology and Hepatology, ‘Victor Babeș’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timișoara, Eftimie Murgu Sq No 2, 300041 Timișoara, Romania;
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Clinic, ‘Pius Brînzeu’ County Emergency Clinical Hospital, Liviu Rebreanu 156, 300723 Timișoara, Romania
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Robles B, Mota-Bertran A, Saez M, Solans M. Association between ultraprocessed food consumption and excess adiposity in children and adolescents: A systematic review. Obes Rev 2024:e13796. [PMID: 38956887 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Ultraprocessed foods (UPF) consumption is associated with excess adiposity in adults, but this linkage remains unclear among children and adolescents. The present systematic review sought to address this research gap. Publications up to November 2023 were retrieved from PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases. Outcomes included overweight/obesity anthropometric and body composition indicators; the exposure was UPF consumption based on the NOVA classification system. The review included 23 studies (i.e., 8 cohort and 15 cross-sectional); approximately half were carried out in Brazil. Inconclusive and heterogeneous evidence exists as few cohort studies found positive/mixed associations between UPF consumption and excess adiposity in pediatric populations, whereas most cross-sectional studies reported null associations. Such inconsistencies may be attributed to underlying methodological issues, especially heterogeneity in the outcomes assessed and UPF consumption operationalization and/or categorization. Future studies should adopt longitudinal designs with sufficiently extended follow-up periods, account for relevant confounding factors, employ validated and standardized measurement tools to assess dietary exposure, ensure consistent operationalization of variables, and encompass diverse geographic contexts. Ultimately, strengthening the quality of existing research evidence may better inform current and forthcoming policy and practice interventions aimed at mitigating the increasing prevalence of overweight/obesity in childhood and across the life course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda Robles
- Department of Economics, University of Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
- Research Group on Statistics, Econometrics and Health (GRECS), University of Girona, Girona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Anna Mota-Bertran
- Research Group on Statistics, Econometrics and Health (GRECS), University of Girona, Girona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marc Saez
- Research Group on Statistics, Econometrics and Health (GRECS), University of Girona, Girona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Solans
- Research Group on Statistics, Econometrics and Health (GRECS), University of Girona, Girona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Treister-Goltzman Y. An Ecological Association Between Air Pollution and Adolescent Obesity Study. J Occup Environ Med 2024; 66:542-547. [PMID: 38595273 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000003111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purposes of this study were to assess the association between exposure to particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) and adolescent obesity and to identify and visualize the world areas where the problems of adolescent obesity and air pollution by fine PM are more severe. METHODS This is an ecological study, based on publicly available data from a World Health Organization site. RESULTS For each increase in air pollution there was an increase in the probability of being in the higher prevalence obesity group (OR = 1.18 (95% CI, 1.06-1.31). High prevalence rates for both adolescent obesity and air pollution by PM 2.5 were identified in several countries, including Venezuela, Algeria, Libya, Saudi Arabia, Iraq, and Oceania islands. CONCLUSIONS Efforts by local authorities and world organizations should be focused on the countries with the highest prevalence rates for both conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulia Treister-Goltzman
- From the Department of Family Medicine and Siaal Research Center for Family Practice and Primary Care, The Haim Doron Division of Community Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel (Y.T.-G.); and Clalit Health Services, Southern District, Beer-Sheva, Israel (Y.T.-G.)
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Speer KE, Naumovski N, McKune AJ. Heart rate variability to track autonomic nervous system health in young children: Effects of physical activity and cardiometabolic risk factors. Physiol Behav 2024; 281:114576. [PMID: 38692385 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Evidence for a key role of dysregulated autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity in maladaptive stress response/recovery and non-communicable disease development is extensive. Monitoring ANS activity via regular heart rate variability (HRV) measurement is growing in popularity in adult populations given that low HRV has been associated with ANS dysregulation, poor stress response/reactivity, increased cardiometabolic disease risk and early mortality. Although cardiometabolic disease may originate in early life, regular HRV measurement for assessing ANS activity in childhood populations, especially those consisting of children < 6 years of age, remains largely unpractised. A greater understanding of ANS activity modifiers in early life may improve analysis and interpretation of HRV measurements, thereby optimising its usefulness. Taking into consideration that HRV and ANS activity can be improved via daily engagement in physical activity (PA), this review will discuss the ANS and HRV, ANS activity modifiers, cardiometabolic disease risk factors and PA as they relate to childhood/adolescent populations (≤ 18 years old).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn E Speer
- Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, 11 Kirinari Street, Bruce, ACT, 2617, Australia; Functional Foods and Nutrition Research (FFNR) Laboratory, University of Canberra, 11 Kirinari Street, Bruce, ACT, 2617, Australia; Research Institute of Sport and Exercise, University of Canberra, 11 Kirinari Street, Bruce, 2617, Australia.
| | - Nenad Naumovski
- Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, 11 Kirinari Street, Bruce, ACT, 2617, Australia; Functional Foods and Nutrition Research (FFNR) Laboratory, University of Canberra, 11 Kirinari Street, Bruce, ACT, 2617, Australia; Research Institute of Sport and Exercise, University of Canberra, 11 Kirinari Street, Bruce, 2617, Australia; Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, 17671, Greece
| | - Andrew J McKune
- Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, 11 Kirinari Street, Bruce, ACT, 2617, Australia; Functional Foods and Nutrition Research (FFNR) Laboratory, University of Canberra, 11 Kirinari Street, Bruce, ACT, 2617, Australia; Research Institute of Sport and Exercise, University of Canberra, 11 Kirinari Street, Bruce, 2617, Australia; Discipline of Biokinetics, Exercise and Leisure Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, 4000, South Africa
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Zhou X, Li J, Jiang X. Effects of different types of exercise intensity on improving health-related physical fitness in children and adolescents: a systematic review. Sci Rep 2024; 14:14301. [PMID: 38906965 PMCID: PMC11192957 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-64830-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024] Open
Abstract
A substantial body of empirical evidence reveals that physical activity is associated with a wide range of positive physical and mental health outcomes. However, an absence of comprehensive syntheses is observed concerning the varying effects of different exercise intensities on the improvement of physical health among children and adolescents. The aim of this review is to systematically investigate the effects of different exercise intensities on the physical fitness of children and adolescents, to analyses the optimal exercise intensities for improving physical fitness, and to provide a relevant theoretical basis for optimizing school physical education curricula. A systematic search strategy was used in this study in four online databases (PubMed, Scopus, EBSCO and Web of Science). Intervention studies that met the inclusion criteria underwent a thorough screening process, and their methodological quality was assessed utilizing the PEDro scale. The selected literature was systematically analyzed and evaluated through induction, summary, analysis, and evaluation. These findings indicate that high-intensity exercise training exerts significant positive effects on body composition, cardiopulmonary function and muscle fitness in children and adolescents. Therefore, we suggest that schools should focus on high-intensity sports in their physical education curriculum, which can further improve the student's PHYSICAL FITNESS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianxian Zhou
- College of Physical Education and Health Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiayu Li
- College of Physical Education and Health Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaoping Jiang
- College of Physical Education and Health Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, Zhejiang, China.
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Vonk L, van Empelen P, Huijts T, Eekhout I, Jansen M. The Role of School Health Promotion in Students' Dietary Intake during School Hours: A Qualitative Comparative Analysis. Nutrients 2024; 16:1981. [PMID: 38999729 PMCID: PMC11243015 DOI: 10.3390/nu16131981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Many children in the Netherlands do not adhere to dietary guidelines. Therefore, the Healthy School (HS) program stimulates healthier dietary intake of students through schools. However, evaluating the effectiveness of school health promotion in improving dietary intake is challenging due to the influence of contextual factors. Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA) considers these contextual factors. Therefore, we performed a QCA to examine which (combinations of) contextual factors contribute to the healthier dietary intake of students during school hours in primary schools (approximate age range children 4-12 years) and secondary schools (age range 12-18 years) when implementing the HS program for nutrition. Data were collected mainly through interviewing school staff and a school-level questionnaire in fifteen primary schools and twelve secondary schools. We included five factors for primary schools: implementation of the HS program for nutrition, degree of implementation, socioeconomic status, parental support, and student support. For secondary schools, we included school environment instead of parental and student support. For primary schools, the best results were obtained if the HS program for nutrition was implemented in high socioeconomic status schools with a combination of high implementation, parental support, and student support. Findings indicate that if secondary schools have an impeding environment and low socioeconomic status, implementation of the HS program for nutrition can result in healthier dietary intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisanne Vonk
- Department of Health Services Research, Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Academic Collaborative Center for Public Health Limburg, Public Health Service South Limburg, P.O. Box 33, 6400 AA Heerlen, The Netherlands
| | - Pepijn van Empelen
- Expertise Center Child Health, Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), P.O. Box 3005, 2301 DA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Tim Huijts
- Research Centre for Education and the Labour Market (ROA), School of Business and Economics, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Iris Eekhout
- Expertise Center Child Health, Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), P.O. Box 3005, 2301 DA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Maria Jansen
- Department of Health Services Research, Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Academic Collaborative Center for Public Health Limburg, Public Health Service South Limburg, P.O. Box 33, 6400 AA Heerlen, The Netherlands
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Wen HJ, Su PH, Sun CW, Tsai SF, Wang SL. Maternal phthalate exposure and BMI trajectory in children-an 18-year birth cohort follow-up study. JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE & ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2024:10.1038/s41370-024-00696-5. [PMID: 38898267 DOI: 10.1038/s41370-024-00696-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is a major health concern worldwide. Previous studies have suggested that phthalate plasticizers are obesogens. However, the relationship between early-life phthalate exposure and long-term obesity development remains unknown. OBJECTIVE We investigated the association between prenatal phthalate exposure and children's body mass index (BMI) patterns in an 18-year birth cohort follow-up study in Taiwan. METHODS Our analytical lab quantified seven phthalate metabolites in maternal urine during pregnancy using quantitative liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. In addition, we calculated BMI z scores for participated children at each follow-up, utilized trajectory analysis to describe children's BMI z-score patterns at 2-18 years of age, and adopted generalized estimating equations (GEE) and multivariate logistic regression models to assess the association between prenatal phthalate exposure and BMI z scores in children. RESULTS A total of 208 mother-child pairs were included in the analysis. Maternal urinary diethyl phthalate (DEP) metabolites were associated with the increase of BMI z scores in children aged 2-18 years in the GEE model. Doubled maternal urinary ∑mDEHP (3 mono hexyl-metabolites of di-ethyl-hexyl phthalate (DEHP) increased the risk of children being in the stable-high BMI trajectory group until the age of eighteen. IMPACT STATEMENT We observed that BMI trajectories of children remained stable after the age of 5 years. During each follow-up, a higher frequency of overweight or obese was observed in children, ranging from 15.9% to 35.6% for girls and 15.2-32.0% for boys, respectively. Prenatal phthalate exposure was associated with increasing BMI z scores in children. Prenatal DEHP exposure was associated with a stable-high BMI trajectory in children up to the age of 18 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Ju Wen
- Institute of Earth Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Pen-Hua Su
- Department of Pediatrics, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Wen Sun
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Shin-Fen Tsai
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Li Wang
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan.
- Department of Public Health, National Defence Medical Centre, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Department of Safety, Health, and Environmental Engineering, National United University, Miaoli, Taiwan.
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12
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Schipper MC, Blaauwendraad SM, Koletzko B, Oei EHG, Jaddoe VWV, Gaillard R. Associations of childhood BMI, general and visceral fat mass with metabolite profiles at school-age. Int J Obes (Lond) 2024:10.1038/s41366-024-01558-8. [PMID: 38851839 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-024-01558-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood obesity increases metabolic disease risk. Underlying mechanisms remain unknown. We examined associations of body mass index (BMI), total body fat mass, and visceral fat mass with serum metabolites at school-age, and explored whether identified metabolites improved the identification of children at risk of a metabolically unhealthy phenotype. METHODS We performed a cross-sectional analysis among 497 children with a mean age of 9.8 (95% range 9.1, 10.6) years, participating in a population-based cohort study. We measured BMI, total body fat mass using DXA, and visceral fat mass using MRI. Serum concentrations of amino-acids, non-esterified-fatty-acids, phospholipids, and carnitines were determined using LC-MS/MS. Children were categorized as metabolically healthy or metabolically unhealthy, according to BMI, blood pressure, lipids, glucose, and insulin levels. RESULTS Higher BMI and total body fat mass were associated with altered concentrations of branched-chain amino-acids, essential amino-acids, and free carnitines. Higher BMI was also associated with higher concentrations of aromatic amino-acids and alkyl-lysophosphatidylcholines (FDR-corrected p-values < 0.05). The strongest associations were present for Lyso.PC.a.C14.0 and SM.a.C32.2 (FDR-corrected p-values < 0.01). Higher visceral fat mass was only associated with higher concentrations of 6 individual metabolites, particularly Lyso.PC.a.C14.0, PC.aa.C32.1, and SM.a.C32.2. We selected 15 metabolites that improved the prediction of a metabolically unhealthy phenotype, compared to BMI only (AUC: BMI: 0.59 [95% CI 0.47,0.71], BMI + Metabolites: 0.91 [95% CI 0.85,0.97]). CONCLUSIONS An adverse childhood body fat profile, characterized by higher BMI and total body fat mass, is associated with metabolic alterations, particularly in amino acids, phospholipids, and carnitines. Fewer associations were present for visceral fat mass. We identified a metabolite profile that improved the identification of impaired cardiometabolic health in children, compared to BMI only.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mireille C Schipper
- The Generation R Study Group Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sophia M Blaauwendraad
- The Generation R Study Group Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Berthold Koletzko
- LMU - Ludwig Maximilians Universität Munich, Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, LMU University Hospitals, Munich, Germany
| | - Edwin H G Oei
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Vincent W V Jaddoe
- The Generation R Study Group Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Romy Gaillard
- The Generation R Study Group Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
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13
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Chen G, Li Z, Wang L, Wuyun Q, Sang Q, Wang J, Wang Z, Tian C, Yu C, Amin B, Zhang N, Fan Q. Analysis of correlation between BMI and TWL% outcome following metabolic and bariatric surgery: a retrospective study using restricted cubic spline. BMC Surg 2024; 24:178. [PMID: 38849774 PMCID: PMC11157919 DOI: 10.1186/s12893-024-02455-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to examine the correlation between preoperative body mass index (BMI) and adequate percentage of total weight loss (TWL%) outcome and present evidence of tiered treatment for patients with obesity in different preoperative BMI. METHODS We included patients with complete follow-up data who underwent metabolic and bariatric surgery (BMS). We termed optimal clinical response as TWL% >20% at one year following MBS. To investigate dose-response association between preoperative BMI and optimal clinical response, preoperative BMI was analyzed in three ways: (1) as quartiles; (2) per 2.5 kg/m2 units (3) using RCS, with 3 knots as recommended. RESULTS A total of 291 patients with obesity were included in our study. The corresponding quartile odds ratios associated with optimal clinical response and adjusted for potential confounders were 1.00 (reference), 1.434 [95% confidence interval (95%CI) = 0.589-3.495], 4.926 (95%CI = 1.538-15.772), and 2.084 (95%CI = 0.941-1.005), respectively. RCS analysis showed a non-linear inverted U-shaped association between preoperative BMI and optimal clinical response (Nonlinear P = 0.009). In spline analysis, when preoperative BMI was no less than 42.9 kg/m2, the possibility of optimal clinical response raised as preoperative BMI increased. When preoperative BMI was greater than 42.9 kg/m2, the possibility of optimal clinical response had a tendency to decline as preoperative BMI increased. CONCLUSION Our research indicated the non-linear inverted U-shaped correlation between preoperative BMI and adequate weight loss. Setting a preoperative BMI threshold of 42.9 is critical to predicting optimal clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanyang Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University Ninth School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhehong Li
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiqige Wuyun
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Sang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University Ninth School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chenxu Tian
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chengyuan Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University Ninth School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Buhe Amin
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Nengwei Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University Ninth School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China.
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Qing Fan
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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Sodero G, Rigante D, Pane LC, Sessa L, Quarta L, Candelli M, Cipolla C. Cardiometabolic Risk Assessment in a Cohort of Children and Adolescents Diagnosed with Hyperinsulinemia. Diseases 2024; 12:119. [PMID: 38920551 PMCID: PMC11202913 DOI: 10.3390/diseases12060119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals with hyperinsulinemia may initially not meet any diagnostic criteria for metabolic syndrome, though displaying a higher risk of cardiovascular complications combined with obesity, diabetes, and hypertension. AIM The main objective of our study was to assess the diagnostic accuracy of various cardiovascular risk indices in hyperinsulinemic children and adolescents; a secondary objective was to estimate the optimal cut-offs of these indices. PATIENTS AND METHODS This retrospective single-center study was conducted on 139 patients aged 12.1 ± 2.9 years, managed for hyperinsulinism. RESULTS We found statistically significant differences in homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR), triglyceride glucose index (TyG), TyG-body mass index, visceral adiposity index, lipid accumulation product index, fatty liver index, and hepatic steatosis index. At the linear logistic regression assessment, we found that insulin growth factor-1 (IGF-1), HOMA-IR, and ALT/AST ratio were independently associated with confirmed hyperinsulinism. At the multivariate analysis, IGF-1 levels over 203 ng/mL and HOMA-IR higher than 6.2 were respectively associated with a 9- and 18-times higher odds ratio for hyperinsulinism. The other investigated parameters were not significantly related to hyperinsulinism, and could not predict either the presence of hyperinsulinemia or a subsequent cardiovascular risk in our patients. CONCLUSION Commonly used indices of cardiovascular risk in adults cannot be considered accurate in confirming hyperinsulinism in children, with the exception of HOMA-IR. Further studies are needed to verify the usefulness of specific cardiovascular risk indices in hyperinsulinemic children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Sodero
- Department of Life Sciences and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (D.R.); (C.C.)
| | - Donato Rigante
- Department of Life Sciences and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (D.R.); (C.C.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Università Cattolica Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia Celeste Pane
- Department of Life Sciences and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (D.R.); (C.C.)
| | - Linda Sessa
- Department of Life Sciences and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (D.R.); (C.C.)
| | - Ludovica Quarta
- Department of Clinical Internal, Anesthesiologic and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Marcello Candelli
- Department of Emergency Anesthesiological and Reanimation Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Clelia Cipolla
- Department of Life Sciences and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (D.R.); (C.C.)
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Cucuzzella M, Bailes J, Favret J, Paddu N, Bradley AB. Beyond Obesity and Overweight: The Clinical Assessment and Treatment of Excess Body Fat in Children : Part 1 - Insulin Resistance as the Root Cause of Pediatric Obesity. Curr Obes Rep 2024; 13:276-285. [PMID: 38709471 DOI: 10.1007/s13679-024-00565-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Pediatric obesity and comorbidities related to insulin resistance continue to be a growing public health crisis. If lifestyle measures are unsuccessful, pharmacological and surgical interventions are offered. In this paper, we describe the driving force of the obesity crisis: hyperinsulinemia and the development of insulin resistance. We give historical background of key policy issues which have contributed to this pandemic as well as the physiologic mechanisms of insulin resistance. The prevalence of obesity will continue to rise unless the root cause of hyperinsulinemia is addressed. RECENT FINDINGS Current research on insulin resistance demonstrates that a decreased consumption of carbohydrates is an effective first-line dietary intervention for the treatment of obesity and related metabolic diseases. Evidence shows it is safe and beneficial. A low-carbohydrate eating pattern can be helpful to address pediatric obesity. However, there must be policy guardrails in place to ensure that this is a sustainable and viable option for children and their families. There must be a change in the nutritional environment to help individuals battle the chronic disease of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Cucuzzella
- West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA.
| | | | - Jenny Favret
- Duke Pediatrics Healthy Lifestyles Program, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Nina Paddu
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
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16
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Choy CC, Johnson W, Braun JM, Soti-Ulberg C, Reupena MS, Naseri T, Savusa K, Lupematasila VF, Arorae MS, Tafunaina F, Unasa F, Duckham RL, Wang D, McGarvey ST, Hawley NL. Associations of childhood BMI traits with blood pressure and glycated haemoglobin in 6-9-year-old Samoan children. Pediatr Obes 2024; 19:e13112. [PMID: 38439600 PMCID: PMC11081844 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.13112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Prevalence and risk factors for elevated glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) and blood pressure (BP) are poorly understood among Pacific children. We examined associations of HbA1c and BP in 6-9 year-olds with body mass index (BMI) at ages 2, 5, and BMI velocity between 2-9 years in Samoa. METHODS HbA1c (capillary blood) and BP were measured in n = 410 Samoan children who were part of an ongoing cohort study. Multilevel models predicted BMI trajectory characteristics. Generalized linear regressions assessed associations of childhood characteristics and BMI trajectories with HbA1c and BP treated as both continuous and categorical outcomes. Primary caregiver-reported childhood characteristics were used as covariates. RESULTS Overall, 12.90% (n = 53) of children had high HbA1c (≥5.7%) and 33.17% (n = 136) had elevated BP. BMI at 5-years and BMI velocity were positively associated with high HbA1c prevalence in males. A 1 kg/m2 per year higher velocity was associated with a 1.71 (95% CI: 1.07, 2.75) times higher prevalence of high HbA1c. In females, higher BMI at 5-years and greater BMI velocity were associated with higher BP at 6-9 years (95% CI: 1.12, 1.40, and 1.42, 2.74, respectively). CONCLUSION Monitoring childhood BMI trajectories may inform cardiometabolic disease screening and prevention efforts in this at-risk population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney C. Choy
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, 60 College Street, New, Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, International Health Institute, School of Public Health, Brown University, 121 South Main Street, Providence, RI 02906, USA
| | - William Johnson
- School of Sport, Exercise, and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Epinal Way, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UK
| | - Joseph M. Braun
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Brown University, 121 South Main Street, Providence, RI 02906, USA
| | | | | | - Take Naseri
- Department of Epidemiology, International Health Institute, School of Public Health, Brown University, 121 South Main Street, Providence, RI 02906, USA
| | - Kima Savusa
- Samoa Obesity, Lifestyle, and Genetic Adaptations (OLaGA) Study Group
| | | | | | - Faatali Tafunaina
- Samoa Obesity, Lifestyle, and Genetic Adaptations (OLaGA) Study Group
| | - Folla Unasa
- Samoa Obesity, Lifestyle, and Genetic Adaptations (OLaGA) Study Group
| | - Rachel L. Duckham
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, VIC 3125, Australia
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), The University of Melbourne and Western, Health, 176 Furlong Road, St. Albans, VIC 3021, Australia
| | - Dongqing Wang
- Department of Global and Community Health, College of Public Health, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA
| | - Stephen T. McGarvey
- Department of Epidemiology, International Health Institute, School of Public Health, Brown University, 121 South Main Street, Providence, RI 02906, USA
- Department of Anthropology, Brown University, 128 Hope Street, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Nicola L. Hawley
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, 60 College Street, New, Haven, CT 06520, USA
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Guimbaud JB, Siskos AP, Sakhi AK, Heude B, Sabidó E, Borràs E, Keun H, Wright J, Julvez J, Urquiza J, Gützkow KB, Chatzi L, Casas M, Bustamante M, Nieuwenhuijsen M, Vrijheid M, López-Vicente M, de Castro Pascual M, Stratakis N, Robinson O, Grazuleviciene R, Slama R, Alemany S, Basagaña X, Plantevit M, Cazabet R, Maitre L. Machine learning-based health environmental-clinical risk scores in European children. COMMUNICATIONS MEDICINE 2024; 4:98. [PMID: 38783062 PMCID: PMC11116423 DOI: 10.1038/s43856-024-00513-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early life environmental stressors play an important role in the development of multiple chronic disorders. Previous studies that used environmental risk scores (ERS) to assess the cumulative impact of environmental exposures on health are limited by the diversity of exposures included, especially for early life determinants. We used machine learning methods to build early life exposome risk scores for three health outcomes using environmental, molecular, and clinical data. METHODS In this study, we analyzed data from 1622 mother-child pairs from the HELIX European birth cohorts, using over 300 environmental, 100 child peripheral, and 18 mother-child clinical markers to compute environmental-clinical risk scores (ECRS) for child behavioral difficulties, metabolic syndrome, and lung function. ECRS were computed using LASSO, Random Forest and XGBoost. XGBoost ECRS were selected to extract local feature contributions using Shapley values and derive feature importance and interactions. RESULTS ECRS captured 13%, 50% and 4% of the variance in mental, cardiometabolic, and respiratory health, respectively. We observed no significant differences in predictive performances between the above-mentioned methods.The most important predictive features were maternal stress, noise, and lifestyle exposures for mental health; proteome (mainly IL1B) and metabolome features for cardiometabolic health; child BMI and urine metabolites for respiratory health. CONCLUSIONS Besides their usefulness for epidemiological research, our risk scores show great potential to capture holistic individual level non-hereditary risk associations that can inform practitioners about actionable factors of high-risk children. As in the post-genetic era personalized prevention medicine will focus more and more on modifiable factors, we believe that such integrative approaches will be instrumental in shaping future healthcare paradigms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Baptiste Guimbaud
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain
- Univ Lyon, UCBL, CNRS, INSA Lyon, LIRIS, UMR5205, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- Meersens, Lyon, France
| | - Alexandros P Siskos
- Imperial College London, Cancer Metabolism & Systems Toxicology Group, Division of Cancer, Department of Surgery & Cancer, London, UK
| | | | - Barbara Heude
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, INRAE, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and StatisticS (CRESS), Paris, France
| | - Eduard Sabidó
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- Centre de Regulació Genòmica, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eva Borràs
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- Centre de Regulació Genòmica, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Hector Keun
- Imperial College London, Cancer Metabolism & Systems Toxicology Group, Division of Cancer, Department of Surgery & Cancer, London, UK
| | - John Wright
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford, UK
- Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, UK
| | - Jordi Julvez
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología Y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Reus, Reus, Spain
| | - Jose Urquiza
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología Y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Leda Chatzi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Maribel Casas
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología Y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mariona Bustamante
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología Y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Martine Vrijheid
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología Y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mónica López-Vicente
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología Y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Montserrat de Castro Pascual
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología Y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Nikos Stratakis
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Oliver Robinson
- Μedical Research Council Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Mohn Centre for Children's Health and Well-being, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Remy Slama
- Team of Environmental Epidemiology, IAB, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Inserm, CNRS, CHU-Grenoble-Alpes, University Grenoble-Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Silvia Alemany
- Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Group of Psychiatry Mental Health and Addiction, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Mental Health, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Xavier Basagaña
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología Y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marc Plantevit
- EPITA Research Laboratory (LRE), Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Rémy Cazabet
- Univ Lyon, UCBL, CNRS, INSA Lyon, LIRIS, UMR5205, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Léa Maitre
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain.
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain.
- CIBER Epidemiología Y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.
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Javidi H, Mariam A, Alkhaled L, Pantalone KM, Rotroff DM. An interpretable predictive deep learning platform for pediatric metabolic diseases. J Am Med Inform Assoc 2024; 31:1227-1238. [PMID: 38497983 PMCID: PMC11105121 DOI: 10.1093/jamia/ocae049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Metabolic disease in children is increasing worldwide and predisposes a wide array of chronic comorbid conditions with severe impacts on quality of life. Tools for early detection are needed to promptly intervene to prevent or slow the development of these long-term complications. MATERIALS AND METHODS No clinically available tools are currently in widespread use that can predict the onset of metabolic diseases in pediatric patients. Here, we use interpretable deep learning, leveraging longitudinal clinical measurements, demographical data, and diagnosis codes from electronic health record data from a large integrated health system to predict the onset of prediabetes, type 2 diabetes (T2D), and metabolic syndrome in pediatric cohorts. RESULTS The cohort included 49 517 children with overweight or obesity aged 2-18 (54.9% male, 73% Caucasian), with a median follow-up time of 7.5 years and mean body mass index (BMI) percentile of 88.6%. Our model demonstrated area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) accuracies up to 0.87, 0.79, and 0.79 for predicting T2D, metabolic syndrome, and prediabetes, respectively. Whereas most risk calculators use only recently available data, incorporating longitudinal data improved AUCs by 13.04%, 11.48%, and 11.67% for T2D, syndrome, and prediabetes, respectively, versus models using the most recent BMI (P < 2.2 × 10-16). DISCUSSION Despite most risk calculators using only the most recent data, incorporating longitudinal data improved the model accuracies because utilizing trajectories provides a more comprehensive characterization of the patient's health history. Our interpretable model indicated that BMI trajectories were consistently identified as one of the most influential features for prediction, highlighting the advantages of incorporating longitudinal data when available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Javidi
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, United States
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH 44115, United States
- Center for Quantitative Metabolic Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, United States
| | - Arshiya Mariam
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, United States
- Center for Quantitative Metabolic Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, United States
| | - Lina Alkhaled
- Center for Quantitative Metabolic Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, United States
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, United States
| | - Kevin M Pantalone
- Center for Quantitative Metabolic Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, United States
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, United States
| | - Daniel M Rotroff
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, United States
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH 44115, United States
- Center for Quantitative Metabolic Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, United States
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, United States
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19
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Chen X, Geng S, Shi Z, Ding J, Li H, Su D, Cheng Y, Shi S, Tian Q. Association of the CUN-BAE body adiposity estimator and other obesity indicators with cardiometabolic multimorbidity: a cross-sectional study. Sci Rep 2024; 14:10557. [PMID: 38719889 PMCID: PMC11078937 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52164-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiometabolic multimorbidity (CM), defined as the coexistence of two or three cardiometabolic disorders, is one of the most common and deleterious multimorbidities. This study aimed to investigate the association of Clínica Universidad de Navarra-Body Adiposity Estimator (CUN-BAE), body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) with the prevalence of CM. The data were obtained from the 2021 health checkup database for residents of the Electronic Health Management Center in Xinzheng, Henan Province, China. 81,532 participants aged ≥ 60 years were included in this study. Logistic regression models were used to estimate the odd ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for CUN-BAE, BMI, WC, and WHtR in CM. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was used to compare the discriminatory ability of different anthropometric indicators for CM. The multivariable-adjusted ORs (95% CIs) (per 1 SD increase) of CM were 1.799 (1.710-1.893) for CUN-BAE, 1.329 (1.295-1.364) for BMI, 1.343 (1.308-1.378) for WC, and 1.314 (1.280-1.349) for WHtR, respectively. Compared with BMI, WC and WHtR, CUN-BAE had the highest AUC in both males and females (AUC: 0.642; 95% CI 0.630-0.653 for males, AUC: 0.614; 95% CI 0.630-0.653 for females). CUN-BAE may be a better measure of the adverse effect of adiposity on the prevalence of CM than BMI, WC, and WHtR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejiao Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuoji Geng
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhan Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhengzhou People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiacheng Ding
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Haojie Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Donghai Su
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yulin Cheng
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Songhe Shi
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingfeng Tian
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
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20
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Lang JE, Carrion VM, Bhammar DM, Howard JB, Armstrong SC. A Randomized Trial of Inspiratory Training in Children and Adolescents With Obesity. Child Obes 2024. [PMID: 38696657 DOI: 10.1089/chi.2023.0183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
Introduction: Children with obesity suffer excess dyspnea that contributes to sedentariness. Developing innovative strategies to increase exercise tolerance and participation in children with obesity is a high priority. Because inspiratory training (IT) has reduced dyspnea, we sought to assess IT in children with obesity. Methods: We conducted a 6-week randomized IT trial involving 8- to 17-year-olds with obesity. Participants were randomized 1:1 to either high [75% of maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP)] or low resistance control (15% of MIP) three times weekly. Assessments included adherence, patient satisfaction, and changes in inspiratory strength and endurance, dyspnea scores and total activity level. Results: Among 27 randomized, 24 (89%) completed the intervention. Total session adherence was 72% which did not differ between treatment groups. IT was safe, and more than 90% felt IT benefitted breathing and general health. IT led to a mean improvement (95% CI) in inspiratory strength measured by MIP of 10.0 cm H2O (-3.5, 23.6; paired t-test, p = 0.139) and inspiratory endurance of 8.9 (1.0, 16.8; paired t-test, p = 0.028); however, there was no significant difference between high- and low-treatment groups. IT led to significant reductions in dyspnea with daily activity (p < 0.001) and in prospectively reported dyspnea during exercise (p = 0.024). Among the high- versus low-treatment group, we noted a trend for reduced dyspnea with daily activity (p = 0.071) and increased daily steps (865 vs. -51, p = 0.079). Discussion: IT is safe and feasible for children with obesity and holds promise for reducing dyspnea and improving healthy activity in children with obesity. Breathe-Fit trial NCT05412134.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason E Lang
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Veronica M Carrion
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Dharini M Bhammar
- Center for Tobacco Research, Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Janna B Howard
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Sarah C Armstrong
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
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21
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Walters G, Dring KJ, Nevill BA, Cooper SB, Nevill AM, Nevill ME, Morris JG. Short-Term High-Intensity Rowing Ergometry Training Improves Rowing Performance Equally in Healthy Weight and Obese Adolescents. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2024; 56:885-892. [PMID: 38181216 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000003366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Childhood obesity is a major health concern and physical activity is commonly proposed as an intervention strategy to combat the increasing prevalence of overweight and obesity in young people. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of high-intensity, supervised, rowing ergometer training on maximal and submaximal rowing performance in healthy weight and centrally obese adolescents (12-13 yr). METHODS Participants were randomized to either 6 wk of supervised rowing ergometry, comprising of 2 sessions per week with each session comprising of 2 × 3-min bouts of high-intensity rowing ergometry ( n = 57), or a control group who continued with their habitual activities ( n = 45). At baseline and follow-up, rowing performance was assessed via a submaximal test and a 3-min maximal test. RESULTS Six weeks of rowing ergometer training significantly improved maximal exercise performance; total distance rowed in a 3-min maximal effort improved by 19.7 m (2.7%) (time × group, P = 0.018) and produced a significant reduction in perceived effort in response to a set submaximal load (60 W) (time × group, P = 0.040). At baseline total distance rowed during the 3-min maximal test was significantly affected by body mass (main effect of body mass, P = 0.002), whereby a higher body mass was associated with enhanced rowing performance. However, the pattern of change over time was not different between healthy weight and centrally obese adolescents (time × group × waist centile, P = 0.577). CONCLUSIONS A 6-wk high-intensity rowing ergometry training intervention improved maximal rowing performance. This improvement was similar in healthy weight versus overweight and obese adolescents; yet overall overweight and obese adolescents had superior rowing performance compared to their healthy weight counterparts, suggesting that rowing may be an attractive exercise modality for interventions in overweight and obese young people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Walters
- Sport, Health, and Performance Enhancement (SHAPE) Research Centre, Department of Sport Science, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Karah J Dring
- Sport, Health, and Performance Enhancement (SHAPE) Research Centre, Department of Sport Science, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UNITED KINGDOM
| | | | - Simon B Cooper
- Sport, Health, and Performance Enhancement (SHAPE) Research Centre, Department of Sport Science, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Alan M Nevill
- School of Sport, Performing Arts and Leisure, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Mary E Nevill
- Sport, Health, and Performance Enhancement (SHAPE) Research Centre, Department of Sport Science, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - John G Morris
- Sport, Health, and Performance Enhancement (SHAPE) Research Centre, Department of Sport Science, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UNITED KINGDOM
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22
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Khalafi M, Symonds ME, Faramarzi M, Sharifmoradi K, Maleki AH, Rosenkranz SK. The effects of exercise training on inflammatory markers in children and adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Physiol Behav 2024; 278:114524. [PMID: 38521236 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND AIM Exercise training is effective for improving cardiometabolic health in children and adolescents, but less is known about its impact on inflammatory markers. We therefore, undertook a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the role of exercise training on pro-inflammatory cytokines including interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and C-reactive protein (CRP) in children and adolescents. METHOD A comprehensive search was conducted in three electronic databases including PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus, from inception to December 2023 to identify exercise trials with and without control groups, involving participants with mean ages ranging from ≥ 6 to < 18 years, of age with measurements of at least one of the following pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6, TNF-α, or CRP. Standardized mean differences (SMD) and 95 % confidence interval (ICs) were calculated using random effects models. RESULTS Thirty-eight studies involving 2043 children and adolescents were included. The results show that exercise training resulted in significant reductions in IL-6 [SMD: -0.44; 95 % CI: -0.68, -0.21; P = 0.001] and CRP [SMD: -0.28; 95 % CI: -0.41, -0.16; P = 0.001], but not TNF-α [SMD: -0.15; 95 % CI: -0.38, -0.07; P = 0.19]. Subgroup analyses showed that IL-6 and CRP were reduced with aerobic training in adolescents, as was CRP with high-intensity interval training. CONCLUSION These results provide evidence that exercise training is effective for reducing IL-6 and CRP in adolescents, but not in children, and any benefits may be modulated by the type of exercise performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mousa Khalafi
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran.
| | - Michael E Symonds
- Centre for Perinatal Research, Academic Unit of Population and Lifespan Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, United Kingdom
| | - Marzieh Faramarzi
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran
| | - Kayvan Sharifmoradi
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran
| | - Aref Habibi Maleki
- Department of Exercise Physiology and Corrective Exercises, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Sara K Rosenkranz
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition Sciences, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, USA
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23
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Tello B, Ocaña J, García-Zambrano P, Enríque-Moreira B, Dueñas-Espín I. Determinants of overweight and obesity among children between 5 to 11 years in Ecuador: A secondary analysis from the National Health Survey 2018. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0296538. [PMID: 38578761 PMCID: PMC10997090 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0296538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND During the 1990s, global eating habits changed, affecting poorer and middle-income nations, as well as richer countries. This shift, known as the "obesity transition," led to more people becoming overweight or obese worldwide. In Ecuador, this change is happening, and now, one in three children is affected by overweight or obesity (OW/OB). This study explores the links between social, economic, and demographic factors and childhood obesity in Ecuador, seeking to provide insights for shaping future health policies in response to this intricate shift. METHODS A cross-sectional study using 2018 National Health and Nutrition Survey data from Ecuador. Weighted percentages were computed, and odds ratios for OW/OB unadjusted and adjusted for each category of explanatory variables were estimated using multilevel multivariate logistic regression models. RESULTS Among 10,807 Ecuadorian school children aged 5 to 11, the prevalence of OW/OB was 36.0%. Males exhibited 1.26 times higher odds than females (95% CI: 1.20 to 1.33), and each additional year of age increased the odds by 1.10 times (95% CI: 1.09 to 1.10). Economic quintiles indicated increased odds (1.17 to 1.39) from the 2nd to 5th quintile (the richest) compared with the first quintile (the poorest). Larger household size slightly reduced odds of OW/OB (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 0.93, 95% CI: 0.91 to 0.95), while regular physical activity decreased odds ([aOR] = 0.79, 95% CI: 0.75 to 0.82). The consumption of school-provided meals showed a non-significant reduction (aOR: 0.93, 95% CI: 0.82 to 1.06). Children from families recognizing and using processed food labels had a higher likelihood of being overweight or obese (aOR = 1.14, 95% CI: 1.02 to 1.26). CONCLUSION Age, male gender, and higher economic quintile increase OW/OB in Ecuadorian school children. Larger households and physical activity slightly decrease risks. Ecuador needs policies for healthy schools and homes, focusing on health, protection, and good eating habits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betzabé Tello
- Center for Research in Health in Latin America CISeAL, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| | - José Ocaña
- Instituto de Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Paúl García-Zambrano
- Postgrado de Medicina Familiar, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Betsabé Enríque-Moreira
- Postgrado de Medicina Familiar, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Iván Dueñas-Espín
- Instituto de Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
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24
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Kibret KT, Strugnell C, Backholer K, Peeters A, Tegegne TK, Nichols M. Life-course trajectories of body mass index and cardiovascular disease risks and health outcomes in adulthood: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Obes Rev 2024; 25:e13695. [PMID: 38226403 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This systematic review aimed to assess the effect of life course body mass index (BMI) trajectories (childhood to adulthood) on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors and outcomes. METHODS Prospective or retrospective cohort studies were identified that assessed the association of BMI trajectories with CVD risks and outcomes from databases published in English. The pooled effect sizes were estimated using a random-effects model. FINDINGS Seventeen eligible studies were included in this systematic review. The results revealed that a persistently overweight trajectory from childhood to adulthood was associated with a higher risk of hypertension (RR: 2.49; 95% CI: 1.9, 3.28) and type 2 diabetes (RR: 4.62; 95% CI: 2.36, 9.04) compared with a trajectory characterized by a normal BMI throughout both childhood and adulthood. Similarly, the risk of hypertension (RR: 2.38; 95% CI: 1.70, 3.33) and type 2 diabetes (RR: 3.66; 95% CI: 2.57, 5.19) was higher in those with normal-to-overweight trajectory compared with participants with a stable normal weight trajectory. CONCLUSION The findings suggest that lifetime BMI trajectories may be influential on health outcomes, and preventive strategies should be designed accordingly. Implementing appropriate preventive strategies at all life stages may reduce CVD risks and adverse outcomes later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelemu Tilahun Kibret
- Global Centre for Preventive Health and Nutrition, Institute for Health Transformation, School of Health and Social Development, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Claudia Strugnell
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Kathryn Backholer
- Global Centre for Preventive Health and Nutrition, Institute for Health Transformation, School of Health and Social Development, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Anna Peeters
- Global Centre for Preventive Health and Nutrition, Institute for Health Transformation, School of Health and Social Development, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Teketo Kassaw Tegegne
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Melanie Nichols
- Global Centre for Preventive Health and Nutrition, Institute for Health Transformation, School of Health and Social Development, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
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25
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Kong R, Li S. Effects of childhood obesity on heart failure and its associated risk factors in the European population: A Mendelian randomization study. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2024; 34:1080-1087. [PMID: 38233270 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2023.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Observational studies have shown that obesity considerably affects the cardiovascular system. Thus we conducted this Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to evaluate the causal effect of childhood obesity on heart failure (HF) and its risk factors. METHODS AND RESULTS We obtained genetic instruments from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) that investigated childhood obesity, HF, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), atrial fibrillation (AF), coronary artery disease (CAD), myocardial infarction (MI), chronic kidney disease (CKD), valvular heart disease, myocarditis, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, and hyperthyroidism. Inverse variance weighting (IVW), weighted median analysis, MR-Egger, and MR-pleiotropy residual sum and outlier (MR-PRESSO) were employed for MR analyses. In addition, the leave-one-out sensitivity test, MR-PRESSO global test, and Cochran's Q test were used for sensitivity analyses. Genetic evaluations showed that childhood obesity increases the risk of HF (odds ratio [OR] = 1.11, 95%CI: 1.05-1.17, p = 1.26 × 10-4), T2DM (OR = 1.17, 95%CI: 1.12-1.23, p = 8.80 × 10-12), AF (OR = 1.08, 95%CI: 1.05-1.12, p = 2.66 × 10-7), MI (OR = 1.08, 95%CI: 1.04-1.13, p = 3.35 × 10-4), and CAD (OR = 1.08, 95%CI: 1.03-1.13, p = 1.48 × 10-3). We found no association between childhood obesity and CKD, valvular heart disease, myocarditis, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, or hyperthyroidism. Sensitivity analysis and Bonferroni's correction showed consistent results. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides new evidence for the relationship between childhood obesity and HF and its risk factors. The results indicate that individuals with a history of childhood obesity require more clinical attention to prevent the development of HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renjing Kong
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Institute of Aging and Age-Related Disease Research, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Shuang Li
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Institute of Aging and Age-Related Disease Research, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China.
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Tsai CC, Chiu MH, Kek HP, Yang MC, Su YT, Liu HK, Wu MS, Yeh YT. The Reduced Gut Lachnospira Species Is Linked to Liver Enzyme Elevation and Insulin Resistance in Pediatric Fatty Liver Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3640. [PMID: 38612453 PMCID: PMC11011648 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate gut dysbiosis and its metabolic and inflammatory implications in pediatric metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). This study included 105 children and utilized anthropometric measurements, blood tests, the Ultrasound Fatty Liver Index, and fecal DNA sequencing to assess the relationship between gut microbiota and pediatric MAFLD. Notable decreases in Lachnospira spp., Faecalibacterium spp., Oscillospira spp., and Akkermansia spp. were found in the MAFLD group. Lachnospira spp. was particularly reduced in children with MAFLD and hepatitis compared to controls. Both MAFLD groups showed a reduction in flavone and flavonol biosynthesis sequences. Lachnospira spp. correlated positively with flavone and flavonol biosynthesis and negatively with insulin levels and insulin resistance. Body weight, body mass index (BMI), and total cholesterol levels were inversely correlated with flavone and flavonol biosynthesis. Reduced Lachnospira spp. in children with MAFLD may exacerbate insulin resistance and inflammation through reduced flavone and flavonol biosynthesis, offering potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Chung Tsai
- Department of Pediatrics, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, No. 1, Yi-Da Road, Yan-Chao District, Kaohsiung City 82445, Taiwan; (C.-C.T.); (H.-P.K.); (M.-C.Y.); (Y.-T.S.); (H.-K.L.)
- School of Medicine for International Students, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, No. 8, Yi-Da Road, Yan-Chao District, Kaohsiung City 82445, Taiwan
| | - Min-Hsi Chiu
- Aging and Disease Prevention Research Center, Fooyin University, No. 151, Jinxue Road, Daliao District, Kaohsiung City 83102, Taiwan;
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Fooyin University, No. 151, Jinxue Road, Daliao District, Kaohsiung City 83102, Taiwan
| | - Ho-Poh Kek
- Department of Pediatrics, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, No. 1, Yi-Da Road, Yan-Chao District, Kaohsiung City 82445, Taiwan; (C.-C.T.); (H.-P.K.); (M.-C.Y.); (Y.-T.S.); (H.-K.L.)
| | - Ming-Chun Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, No. 1, Yi-Da Road, Yan-Chao District, Kaohsiung City 82445, Taiwan; (C.-C.T.); (H.-P.K.); (M.-C.Y.); (Y.-T.S.); (H.-K.L.)
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, No. 8, Yi-Da Road, Yan-Chao District, Kaohsiung City 82445, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Tsun Su
- Department of Pediatrics, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, No. 1, Yi-Da Road, Yan-Chao District, Kaohsiung City 82445, Taiwan; (C.-C.T.); (H.-P.K.); (M.-C.Y.); (Y.-T.S.); (H.-K.L.)
- School of Medicine for International Students, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, No. 8, Yi-Da Road, Yan-Chao District, Kaohsiung City 82445, Taiwan
| | - Hsien-Kuan Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, No. 1, Yi-Da Road, Yan-Chao District, Kaohsiung City 82445, Taiwan; (C.-C.T.); (H.-P.K.); (M.-C.Y.); (Y.-T.S.); (H.-K.L.)
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, No. 8, Yi-Da Road, Yan-Chao District, Kaohsiung City 82445, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Shiang Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, No. 7, Zhongshan S. Road, Zhongzheng District, Taipei City 100225, Taiwan;
| | - Yao-Tsung Yeh
- Aging and Disease Prevention Research Center, Fooyin University, No. 151, Jinxue Road, Daliao District, Kaohsiung City 83102, Taiwan;
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Fooyin University, No. 151, Jinxue Road, Daliao District, Kaohsiung City 83102, Taiwan
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27
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Qing W, Qian Y. Childhood obesity and risk of Alzheimer's disease: a Mendelian randomization study. Arch Public Health 2024; 82:39. [PMID: 38500220 PMCID: PMC10949616 DOI: 10.1186/s13690-024-01271-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Midlife obesity is a modifiable risk factor for Alzheimer's disease. However, the association between childhood obesity and Alzheimer's disease remains largely unknown. Therefore, we conducted a mendelian randomization analysis (MR) to assess the causal link between childhood obesity and Alzheimer's disease. METHODS Using summary statistics from publicly available genome-wide association studies (GWAS) database, we explored the genetic link between childhood obesity and Alzheimer's disease through a two-sample MR. The primary analysis employed the inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method. To complement our findings, we also employed MR-Egger, weighted median, simple model, and weighted model methods for MR estimates. Furthermore, we conducted Cochrane's Q-statistic test, Egger intercept test, and a leave-one-out sensitivity test to ensure the robustness and reliability of our results. RESULTS The IVW analysis yielded non-significant results, indicating no significant genetic association between childhood obesity and Alzheimer's disease (OR = 0.958, 95% CI = 0.910-1.008, p = 0.095). Consistent with this, the results from MR-Egger, the weighted median, simple model, and weighted model approaches all supported these findings. Furthermore, we did not detect any signs of heterogeneity or pleiotropy, and our leave-one-out analysis confirmed that no single nucleotide polymorphisms had a substantial impact on the reliability of our results. CONCLUSIONS The evidence from our MR analyses suggests that there is no causal effect of childhood obesity on the risk of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxiang Qing
- Department of Anesthesiology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Yujie Qian
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
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Liu Y, Miu Y, Zhang N, Yu W, Chen Y, Zhang J, Zhang B. Evaluating the impact of childhood BMI on the risk of coronavirus disease 2019: A Mendelian randomization study. Open Med (Wars) 2024; 19:20240923. [PMID: 38584826 PMCID: PMC10996998 DOI: 10.1515/med-2024-0923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Although the correlation between childhood obesity and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been explored, the causality of these remains uncertain. Thus, we conducted a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to identify the causal association. Methods Instrumental variables of childhood obesity were selected from genome-wide association study involving 61,111 Europeans. Besides, we collected summary statistics of different COVID-19 outcomes (susceptibility, hospitalization, and severity) from genome-wide association study including more than 2 million Europeans. The inverse-variance weighted was applied to assess the causality of childhood obesity with COVID-19. Furthermore, we replicated the above association based on another study. Results Inverse-variance weighted results suggested that childhood obesity promoted the COVID-19 susceptibility but has not been validated in other approaches. For hospitalization and severity of COVID-19, we found that childhood obesity, respectively, increased 30 and 38% risk (P < 0.001), which were consistent in other MR approaches. Discussion Our study provides evidence for a causal relationship between childhood BMI and COVID-19 which is consistent with previous studies. Though these explanations are biologically plausible, further studies are warranted to elucidate the role of these. Conclusions Our study suggests the potential causal associations of childhood obesity with COVID-19, especially hospitalization and severity of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Liu
- Department of Infectious Disease Control, Wenling Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Taizhou317500, China
| | - Yujian Miu
- Department of Infectious Disease Control, Wenling Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Taizhou317500, China
| | - Ningjie Zhang
- Department of Infectious Disease Control, Wenling Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Taizhou317500, China
| | - Wenhao Yu
- Department of Infectious Disease Control, Wenling Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Taizhou317500, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Infectious Disease Control, Wenling Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Taizhou317500, China
| | - Jianli Zhang
- Department of Infectious Disease Control, Wenling Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Taizhou317500, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, First People’s Hospital of Wenling Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, 190 Taiping South Road, Taizhou317500, China
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Hu N, Wu Y, Yao Q, Huang S, Li W, Yao Z, Ye C. Association between late bedtime and obesity in children and adolescents: a meta-analysis. Front Pediatr 2024; 12:1342514. [PMID: 38560399 PMCID: PMC10978672 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2024.1342514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Short sleep duration has been related to obesity in children and adolescents. However, it remains unknown whether late bedtime is also associated with obesity and whether the association is independent of sleep duration. A meta-analysis was performed to address this issue. Methods In order to accomplish the aim of the meta-analysis, a comprehensive search was conducted on databases including PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science to identify observational studies. The cutoff to determine late bedtime in children in this meta-analysis was consistent with the value used among the included original studies. As for obesity, it was typically defined as a body mass index (BMI) > 95th percentile of age and sex specified reference standards or the International Obesity Task Force defined age- and gender-specific cut-off of BMI. The Cochrane Q test was employed to evaluate heterogeneity among the included studies, while the I2 statistic was estimated. Random-effects models were utilized to merge the results, considering the potential impact of heterogeneity. Results Tweleve observational studies with 57,728 participants were included. Among them, 6,815 (11.8%) were obese. Pooled results showed that late bedtime reported by the participants or their caregivers was associated with obesity (odds ratio [OR]: 1.27, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.16-1.39, p < 0.001; I2 = 0%). Subgroup analysis showed consistent results in studies with (OR: 1.33, 95% CI: 1.04-1.70, p = 0.02) and without adjustment of sleep duration (OR: 1.27, 95% CI: 1.14-1.41, p < 0.001). Further subgroup analysis also showed that the association was not significantly affected by study location, design, age of the participants, or diagnostic methods for obesity (p for subgroup difference all >0.05). Conclusion Late bedtime is associated with obesity in children and adolescents, which may be independent of sleep duration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Chunfeng Ye
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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Qin X, Wei J, Chen J, Lei F, Qin Y. Non-linear relationship between body roundness index and albuminuria among children and adolescents aged 8-19 years: A cross-sectional study. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0299509. [PMID: 38451930 PMCID: PMC10919584 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0299509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Obesity has been found to be correlated with numerous health issues, including an elevated risk of albuminuria in adults. However, this correlation is still controversial among children and adolescents, as several recent large-scale cross-sectional studies have observed a negative correlation between obesity and albuminuria. Our study aimed to investigate the link between the body roundness index (BRI) and albuminuria among children and adolescents, in order to further understand the correlation between obesity and albuminuria in this demographic. METHODS We employed information from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999-2010 for cross-sectional analysis. Weighted logistic regression was employed to explore the linear relationship between BRI and albuminuria, with subgroup analyses performed for more detailed insights. Weighted linear regression analysis was employed to explore the relationship between BRI and the urine albumin-creatinine ratio (UACR). Additionally, we applied smooth curve fitting to investigate their non-linear relationship and conducted threshold effect analysis to identify any turning point. RESULTS In this study of 15,487 participants aged 8-19 years, multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed a significant negative correlation between BRI and albuminuria (OR = 0.616, 95%CI: 0.526-0.722). The relationship between BRI and UACR, as shown by multivariate linear regression analysis, was significantly inversely correlated (β: -5.424, 95%CI: -7.416 to -3.433). Furthermore, smooth curve fitting and threshold effect analysis showed a non-linear relationship between BRI and albuminuria, with a BRI inflection point identified at 2.906. CONCLUSIONS These findings of our study suggest a significant nonlinear negative association between BRI and the presence of albuminuria among children and teenagers, and maintaining an appropriate BRI may decrease the occurrence of albuminuria in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuankai Qin
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Jiahui Wei
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Fengying Lei
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Yuanhan Qin
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
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Magutah K, Mbuthia GW, Osengo G, Odhiambo D, Meiring R. Prevalence of modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular disease among school-going children and adolescents in Eldoret, Kenya. Pan Afr Med J 2024; 47:100. [PMID: 38799190 PMCID: PMC11126747 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2024.47.100.42340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevalence in Kenya is rising. Overweight, pre-hypertension and physical inactivity at younger ages is contributory. These risk factors are inadequately documented among Kenyan children and adolescents, hampering CVD prevention. Methods this cross-sectional study randomly sampled 384 participants from Eldoret, Kenya. After ethical considerations, physical activity was assessed. Body mass index (BMI), Waist-Hip-Ratio (WHR) and Waist-Height-Ratio (WHtR) were determined, and blood pressure (BP) was measured. Results participants were 14.6±2.7 years, and 62.6% were female. Eight percent had BMI ≥25.0 kg/m2. Of these, 87% were in secondary schools. Using SBP, 27.9% had CVD risk (42.5% and 20% for males and females ≥13 years and 26.5% and 27% for those <13 years, respectively). For DBP, 12.8% had elevated-to-hypertensive BP (13.2% and 8.3% for males and females ≥13 years and 11.8% and 25.4% for those <13 years, respectively). Combining SBP and DBP, 8.1%, mostly males, had elevated-to-hypertensive BP. Using respective WHR cutoffs of 0.90 and 0.85, 31% (boys) and 15.6% (girls) were at CVD risk. For WHtR, 39.6% of boys were >0.463 cut-off (0.493±0.02) against 32.4% for girls >0.469 cut-off (0.517±0.05). Of these, 52.6% (boys) and 69.7% (girls) were in secondary schools. Overall, 45% of participants were sports-inactive and 77.2% did minimal physical activities. Conclusion among school-going children and adolescents in Eldoret, Kenya, the prevalence of CVD risk factors was high, especially among boys and in high schools. Large proportions had elevated BP, BMI, WHR and WHtR, and, further, were sedentary, posing a high CVD risk. Lifestyle interventions to mitigate this are urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Rebecca Meiring
- Department of Exercise Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Chen Y, Zhang J, Yuan L, Hu H, Li T, Zhao Y, Wu Y, Wang M, Huo W, Gao Y, Ke Y, Wang L, Zhang W, Fu X, Li X, Hu F, Zhang M, Sun L, Hu D. Obesity and risk of depressive disorder in children and adolescents: A meta-analysis of observational studies. Child Care Health Dev 2024; 50:e13237. [PMID: 38410046 DOI: 10.1111/cch.13237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE This meta-analysis evaluated the relationship between overweight/obesity and depressive disorders in children and adolescents. METHODS We examined the databases of PubMed, Embase and Web of Science for pertinent observational studies released up until 20 February 2022. The pooled relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of obesity and overweight with depressive disorder were calculated by means of random-effects models. The Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale and Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality scale were adopted to evaluate the study quality. RESULTS Finally, for this meta-analysis, we evaluated 22 observational publications covering 175 135 participants (5 cohort study articles, 1 case-control study article and 16 cross-sectional study articles). A significant positive association was found between obesity and the risk of depression (RR 1.32, 95% CI 1.09-1.60, I2 = 79.90%, Pheterogeneity < 0.001) and in the association between obesity and depressive symptoms (RR 1.16, 95% CI: 1.00-1.35, I2 = 25.0%, Pheterogeneity = 0.247). On sensitivity analysis, the pooled RRs remained robust. Subgroup analysis indicated that obese children and teenagers in western countries were more prone to depression. CONCLUSION Evidence from this meta-analysis, based on observational studies, supported the idea that obese children and adolescents are more likely to experience depression and depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaobing Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinli Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijun Yuan
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Huifang Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianze Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuying Wu
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengmeng Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Weifeng Huo
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yajuan Gao
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yamin Ke
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Longkang Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenkai Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueru Fu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Fulan Hu
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Sun
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongsheng Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
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Qiu S, Sun Y, Guo J, Zhang Y, Hu Y. Genome-wide analysis reveals extensive genetic overlap between childhood phenotypes and later-life type 2 diabetes. Comput Biol Med 2024; 171:108065. [PMID: 38387379 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2024.108065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Observational studies have indicated a potential influence of childhood phenotypes on the later development of type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, the underlying biological mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive genome-wide analysis to investigate the shared genetic architecture and genetic loci between nine childhood phenotypes (N = 4202-620,26) and later-life T2D (N = 80,154) using genetic correlation, mendelian randomization (MR), and conjunctional false discovery rate (conjFDR) statistical frameworks. Our findings demonstrated substantial genetic correlations and pleiotropic enrichment between childhood obesity, body mass index (BMI), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and later-life T2D. Childhood obesity exhibited a significant association with increased later-life T2D risk through 10 mediators, 6 of which were adulthood obesity-related phenotypes. Additionally, we identified 69, 83, 3, 5, 10, 5, 3, and 7 loci shared between childhood obesity, BMI, SBP, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglycerides (TG), apolipoprotein A-I (ApoA-I), apolipoprotein B (ApoB), and T2D at conjFDR <0.05, with the majority of these loci being novel discoveries. Overall, our study reveals extensive genetic overlap between childhood obesity-related phenotypes and T2D with concordant effect directions, shedding new light on variants and phenotypes with lifelong effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shizheng Qiu
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150001, China
| | - Yige Sun
- Department of Radiology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Jiahe Guo
- School of Future Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Beidahuang Industry Group General Hospital, Harbin, 150088, China.
| | - Yang Hu
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150001, China.
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Kanısoy D, Kabaran S. Inflammatory index score in children: its relationship with neophobia, dietary quality and anthropometric measurements. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:554. [PMID: 38388431 PMCID: PMC10882823 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-17533-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the correlation between the Diet Inflammatory Index (DII) scores and dietary quality in children, which was measured by the Mediterranean Diet Quality Index (KIDMED), also neophobia scores and anthropometric measurements. This study was conducted in primary schools in Famagusta, Cyprus. A total of 300 children (150 girls, 150 boys) in the 3rd, 4th and 5th grade were included in the study. The frequency of food consumption was measured to calculate the DII scores. Moreover, neophobia and KIDMED scores were obtained. The KIDMED score is a popular tool that is mostly used as a practical scale to assess adherence to the Mediterranean diet among children. Additionally, anthropometric measurements (body weight, height, waist circumference, neck circumference) were collected. Finally, DII scores were compared with KIDMED scores, neophobia scores, and anthropometric measurements. Anthropometric measurements and body mass index (BMI) values were found to be significantly different (p < 0.05) based on the DII scores. Children with DII scores in the 1st quartile had significantly different anthropometric measurements compared to those who had scores in the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th quartiles (p < 0.05). The DII scores of normal-weight children were higher than those of obese children. A significant negative correlation was observed between KIDMED scores and DII scores of the children (p < 0.05). Furthermore, a significant positive correlation was observed between neophobia scores and DII scores (p < 0.05). Additionally, DII scores were correlated with dietary quality and anthropometric measurements (p < 0.05). The MD enhances the anti-inflammatory properties of the diet; it has clearly demonstrated positive effects on diet quality and anthropometric measurements. Furthermore, the MD is suggested to reduce the risk of chronic diseases as a result of improving DII scores at an early age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Didem Kanısoy
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Eastern Mediterranean University, T.R. North Cyprus via Mersin 10, Famagusta, Turkey.
| | - Seray Kabaran
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Eastern Mediterranean University, T.R. North Cyprus via Mersin 10, Famagusta, Turkey
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Luo Y, Xiao M. Early Weight Status and Human Capital in Adulthood: A 32-Year Follow-Up of the 1970 British Cohort Study. Int J Public Health 2024; 69:1606829. [PMID: 38414532 PMCID: PMC10896887 DOI: 10.3389/ijph.2024.1606829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To prospectively evaluate the effects of early weight status (childhood and adolescence) and changes in obesity status on human capital in adulthood. Methods: We employed data from the 1970 Birth Cohort Study in the United Kingdom. Data on height and weight during childhood and adolescence, human capital variables in adulthood were collected from 2,444 participants. Human capital includes cognitive ability, non-cognitive skill, educational attainment and health status. Data were analyzed through linear regression and logistic regression models. Results: Our results showed that obesity during adolescence was negatively associated with cognitive ability (β = -0.83, p < 0.01), educational attainment (β = -0.49, p < 0.01), and some health outcomes; and that underweight in childhood also adversely affected educational attainment in females (β = -0.66, p < 0.05). In terms of changes in obesity status, becoming obese in adolescence negatively affected cognitive ability (β = -1.18, p < 0.01), educational attainment (β = -0.62, p < 0.05) and some health outcomes, remaining obese was associated with all adverse health outcomes. Conclusion: Our results suggest that obesity during adolescence negatively affects a range of human capital outcomes in adulthood, and adolescence is a critical period during which early obesity affects adult human capital.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Luo
- Research Center for Medical and Social Development, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mimi Xiao
- Research Center for Medical and Social Development, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Barboza BP, Bricarello LP, Alves MDA, Tureck C, Retondario A, Longo GZ, Souza ADM, de Vasconcelos FDAG. Dietary patterns and biochemical markers related to diabetes mellitus: an association analysis based on data from the Study of Cardiovascular Risk in Adolescents (ERICA). Nutrition 2024; 118:112283. [PMID: 38071935 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2023.112283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the association between dietary patterns and biochemical markers related to diabetes mellitus (DM): glucose, insulin, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance index from 35 454 Brazilian adolescents 12 to 17 y of age. METHODS Dietary patterns were derived using factor analysis by the principal components method. The data originated from the school-based study ERICA (Study of Cardiovascular Risk in Adolescents) carried out between 2013 and 2014. Linear regression models analyzed the associations. RESULTS Three dietary patterns were found: traditional Brazilian, bread and coffee, and Western. An inverse association was found in young girls between the traditional Brazilian pattern and fasting glucose (β = -0.76; P = 0.005) and HbA1c in the second and third tertiles (β = -0.04; P = 0.002; β = -0 .06; P < 0.001), and the Western pattern with HbA1c (β = -0.02; P = 0.035). In boys, a positive association was found between the second tertile of the dietary pattern and insulin (β = 0.48; P = 0.009) and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance index (β = 0.11; P = 0.012). CONCLUSIONS This study showed that the traditional Brazilian pattern was inversely associated with blood glucose and HbA1c values in girls. Furthermore, the data suggest that there is an important difference between boys and girls in the association of dietary patterns and the markers used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernardo Paz Barboza
- Postgraduate Program in Nutrition, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Santa Catarina, Brazil.
| | - Liliana Paula Bricarello
- Postgraduate Program in Nutrition, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Mariane de Almeida Alves
- Postgraduate Program in Nutrition in Public Health, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Camila Tureck
- Postgraduate Program in Nutrition, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | | | - Giana Zarbato Longo
- Postgraduate Program in Nutrition, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Amanda de Moura Souza
- Institute of Studies on Collective Health, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Vandoni M, Marin L, Cavallo C, Gatti A, Grazi R, Albanese I, Taranto S, Silvestri D, Di Carlo E, Patanè P, Carnevale Pellino V, Zuccotti G, Calcaterra V. Poor Motor Competence Affects Functional Capacities and Healthcare in Children and Adolescents with Obesity. Sports (Basel) 2024; 12:44. [PMID: 38393264 PMCID: PMC10891969 DOI: 10.3390/sports12020044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND From a young age, children learn different motor skills known as fundamental motor skills. The acquisition of these skills is crucial for the future development of context-tailored actions that could improve adherence to physical activity (PA) practice. Motor competence and function deficits have been associated with pediatric obesity. We reviewed the literature data regarding motor competence in pediatrics and impaired motor performance in children and adolescents with obesity. METHODS We assessed the abstracts of the available literature (n = 110) and reviewed the full texts of potentially relevant articles (n = 65) that were analyzed to provide a critical discussion. RESULTS Children and adolescents with obesity show impaired motor performance, executive functions, postural control, and motor coordination. Children's age represents a crucial point in the development of motor skills. Early interventions are crucial to preventing declines in motor proficiency and impacting children's PA and overall fitness levels. CONCLUSIONS To involve children, the PA protocol must be fun and tailored in consideration of several aspects, such as clinical picture, level of physical fitness, and motor skills. A supervised adapted exercise program is useful to personalized PA programs from an early pediatric age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Vandoni
- Laboratory of Adapted Motor Activity (LAMA)—Department of Public Health, Experimental Medicine and Forensic Science, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (M.V.); (L.M.); (A.G.); (I.A.); (P.P.)
| | - Luca Marin
- Laboratory of Adapted Motor Activity (LAMA)—Department of Public Health, Experimental Medicine and Forensic Science, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (M.V.); (L.M.); (A.G.); (I.A.); (P.P.)
- Department of Research, ASOMI College of Sciences, 2080 Marsa, Malta;
| | - Caterina Cavallo
- Department of Sport and Exercise Science, LUNEX International University of Health, Exercise and Sports, 50, Avenue du Parc des Sports, 4671 Differdange, Luxembourg;
| | - Alessandro Gatti
- Laboratory of Adapted Motor Activity (LAMA)—Department of Public Health, Experimental Medicine and Forensic Science, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (M.V.); (L.M.); (A.G.); (I.A.); (P.P.)
| | - Roberta Grazi
- Pediatric Department, Buzzi Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy; (R.G.); (S.T.); (E.D.C.); (G.Z.); (V.C.)
| | - Ilaria Albanese
- Laboratory of Adapted Motor Activity (LAMA)—Department of Public Health, Experimental Medicine and Forensic Science, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (M.V.); (L.M.); (A.G.); (I.A.); (P.P.)
- Industrial Engineering Department, University of Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Taranto
- Pediatric Department, Buzzi Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy; (R.G.); (S.T.); (E.D.C.); (G.Z.); (V.C.)
| | - Dario Silvestri
- Department of Research, ASOMI College of Sciences, 2080 Marsa, Malta;
| | - Eleonora Di Carlo
- Pediatric Department, Buzzi Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy; (R.G.); (S.T.); (E.D.C.); (G.Z.); (V.C.)
| | - Pamela Patanè
- Laboratory of Adapted Motor Activity (LAMA)—Department of Public Health, Experimental Medicine and Forensic Science, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (M.V.); (L.M.); (A.G.); (I.A.); (P.P.)
- Industrial Engineering Department, University of Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Vittoria Carnevale Pellino
- Laboratory of Adapted Motor Activity (LAMA)—Department of Public Health, Experimental Medicine and Forensic Science, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (M.V.); (L.M.); (A.G.); (I.A.); (P.P.)
| | - Gianvincenzo Zuccotti
- Pediatric Department, Buzzi Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy; (R.G.); (S.T.); (E.D.C.); (G.Z.); (V.C.)
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Milan, 20157 Milan, Italy
| | - Valeria Calcaterra
- Pediatric Department, Buzzi Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy; (R.G.); (S.T.); (E.D.C.); (G.Z.); (V.C.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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38
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Zhang L, Peng H, Wang Y, Ba H. Association of dietary inflammatory index with obesity among children and adolescents in the United States NHANES cohort: a population-based study. Ital J Pediatr 2024; 50:14. [PMID: 38273385 PMCID: PMC10809428 DOI: 10.1186/s13052-024-01586-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood obesity has become a huge challenge to childhood health, and there is a lack of understanding about the relationship between dietary inflammatory index (DII) and childhood obesity. The main objective of this study was to analyze the potential link between DII and obesity among children and adolescents residing in the United States. METHODS A cross-sectional analysis was performed using data obtained from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey between 2009 and 2018. In total, 12,454 participants were included in the analysis. DII was calculated based on dietary data from the first day of the 24-hour dietary recall. Logistic regression was used to analyze the association between DII and obesity, as well as central obesity defined by the waist-to-height ratio of 0.5 or higher or waist circumference ≥ 90th percentile for age and sex. RESULTS The mean dietary inflammation index was 2.05 (SE = 0.02), with higher levels in children than in adolescents (P = 0.01). According to our findings, the prevalence of central obesity was higher among adolescents (38.0%) than among children (31.4%). The adolescents in the third quartile of DII have a higher risk of overweight/obesity (OR = 1.46, 95% CI: 1.24-1.71) after adjusting for age, sex, and race. This positive association remained significant even after physical activity was added to the model. Concerning central obesity, the adolescents in the highest quartile of DII have a higher risk, independent of demographic characteristics and physical activity. However, no significant association was observed among children. CONCLUSIONS The dietary inflammation index was positively associated with overweight/obesity and central obesity among adolescents in the United States after adjusting for confounding factors. These findings highlight the importance of promoting anti-inflammatory diets in adolescents to prevent obesity and its associated complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Heart Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huimin Peng
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Heart Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yao Wang
- Guangzhou Medical University Cancer Hospital, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Hongjun Ba
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Heart Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
- NHC key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation and Vascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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Guerrini Usubini A, Bottacchi M, Morelli G, Caroli D, Marazzi N, Castelnuovo G, Sartorio A. The psychosocial functioning in adolescents with severe obesity evaluated throughout the strengths and difficulties questionnaire (SDQ): a preliminary report. Front Psychol 2024; 14:1205113. [PMID: 38288364 PMCID: PMC10822931 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1205113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Childhood obesity is associated with poor psychological adjustment. Severely impacts the psychological adjustment of young patients. To assess the psychological functioning of children and adolescents, several questionnaires have been proposed so far. Although the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) is one of the most well-used tools, its application in obesity research is scarce. The study is aimed at assessing the psychological profile of a sample of Italian children and adolescents seeking an in-hospital multidisciplinary body weight reduction program for obesity, via SDQ. Methods One hundred and fourteen consecutive Italian children and adolescents with obesity (43 males/71 females, age range: 11-17 years, mean age ± SD: 15.1 ± 1.66, body mass index-BMI ± SD: 37.4 ± 6.13 kg/m2), were recruited at the Division of Auxology, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Piancavallo (VB). Results Obese Females reported worse conditions of emotional symptoms (t = 5.48; p < 0.001) and peer problems (t = 2.34; p = 0.021), as well as higher which were associated with greater scores of pro-social behaviors than obese males (t = 3.07; p = 0.003). The total difficulties score (t = 4.00; p < 0.001) and the total impact score (t = 4.53; p < 0.001) were significantly higher in females than males. No statistically significant differences in SDQ variables were found in relation to the degree of obesity (BMI SDS: 2-2.99; BMI SDS: > 3). Discussion These findings can contribute to understand the psychological condition of adolescents with obesity in a better way and also to develop effective interventions for the treatment of pediatric obesity which not only take into account the medical and physical aspects but also the emotional and social difficulties expressed by adolescents with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Guerrini Usubini
- Psychology Research Laboratory, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Milan, Italy
| | - Michela Bottacchi
- Psychology Research Laboratory, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanna Morelli
- Division of Auxology, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Piancavallo-Verbania, Italy
- Sacra Famiglia Foundation, Pediatric Neuropsychiatry Service, Cocquio Trevisago-Varese, Italy
| | - Diana Caroli
- Experimental Laboratory for Auxo-Endocrinological Research, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Piancavallo-Verbania, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Marazzi
- Experimental Laboratory for Auxo-Endocrinological Research, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Milan, Italy
| | - Gianluca Castelnuovo
- Psychology Research Laboratory, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Milan, Italy
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Sartorio
- Experimental Laboratory for Auxo-Endocrinological Research, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Piancavallo-Verbania, Italy
- Experimental Laboratory for Auxo-Endocrinological Research, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Milan, Italy
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40
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Cai P, Liu Y, Yang Z, Luo Y, Zhang Y, Ye P, Yin X, Xiao N, Chen X, Wang M, Xiao B, Zhao H. Impact of lockdown on the growth of children in China aged 3-6 years during the COVID-19 pandemic. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 14:1301889. [PMID: 38234429 PMCID: PMC10791918 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1301889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Lockdowns in COVID-19 pandemic led to less physical activity and more intake of unhealthy food in children. The aim of this study was to investigate the negative impact of major lockdowns on the growth of children aged 3-6 years during COVID-19 pandemic period. Methods Physical examination results in 2019 to 2022 from 5834 eligible children (2972 males and 2862 females) from Southwestern China who were 3 years old in 2019 were retrospectively collected. Height and weight data points were extracted from the results, and percentiles of height (height%), weight (weight%), and BMI (BMI%), and rates of overweight and obesity were calculated and compared between different years during the pandemic. Results After analyzing the 15404 growth data points from 5834 children, a slowly increasing trend of height% from 2019 to 2022 was observed. Weight%, BMI%, overweight rate, obesity rate, and combined overweight and obesity rate had two peaks in 2020 and 2022 when major lockdowns were adopted and a drop in between (year 2021), except for obesity rate which did not drop in 2021. Similar results were shown after stratification by gender. Conclusion The lockdowns in COVID-19 pandemic promoted obesity of kindergarten children, but did not show any negative impact on their height growth possibly due to over-nutrition of children during lockdowns. More efforts need to be made to limit the increase of obesity rate in kindergarten children during possible future lockdowns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiling Cai
- School of Preclinical Medicine, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuxuan Liu
- School of Preclinical Medicine, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Clinical Medical College & Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhen Yang
- Maternal and Child Health Service Center of Wuhua District, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yueyao Luo
- School of Preclinical Medicine, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yanqiong Zhang
- Maternal and Child Health Service Center of Wuhua District, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Peng Ye
- School of Preclinical Medicine, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoling Yin
- Maternal and Child Health Service Center of Wuhua District, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Nanying Xiao
- Maternal and Child Health Service Center of Wuhua District, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xinwei Chen
- Clinical Medical College & Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Mengping Wang
- School of Preclinical Medicine, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Beili Xiao
- School of Preclinical Medicine, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Clinical Medical College & Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hongying Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
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St Pierre C, Sokalsky A, Sacheck JM. Participant Perspectives on the Impact of a School-Based, Experiential Food Education Program Across Childhood, Adolescence, and Young Adulthood. JOURNAL OF NUTRITION EDUCATION AND BEHAVIOR 2024; 56:4-15. [PMID: 38185490 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneb.2023.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Explore participant perceptions of involvement in an experiential food education program during elementary school and the scope and extent of program influence on food decisions. DESIGN Focus groups with current participants and program alumni. SETTING Washington, DC. PARTICIPANTS Thirty-nine elementary school students and 39 program alumni ranging from middle school through university students. PHENOMENON OF INTEREST Participant perceptions of program impact from childhood into adolescence and young adulthood. ANALYSIS Inductive thematic analysis. RESULTS Nine emergent themes were identified, spread over 3 categories of program impact: immediate, beyond the classroom, and sustained. Immediate program impact themes came from all participants and included enjoyment, hands-on learning, and fostering connection. Beyond the classroom, older elementary students and alumni expressed perceived shifts in individual and family food intake, involvement in household food practices, and desire for fresh food options at school. Themes of sustained program impact among alumni participants were an appreciation for fresh food, openness to trying new foods, and confidence to make informed food decisions. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Findings provide a deeper understanding of participant perspectives on the impact of participation in a school-based experiential food education program and a basis for further research on the role of early exposure to food education in influencing food decisions as children grow older.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine St Pierre
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington DC.
| | - April Sokalsky
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington DC
| | - Jennifer M Sacheck
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington DC
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Leung AKC, Wong AHC, Hon KL. Childhood Obesity: An Updated Review. Curr Pediatr Rev 2024; 20:2-26. [PMID: 35927921 DOI: 10.2174/1573396318666220801093225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood obesity is an important and serious public health problem worldwide. OBJECTIVE This article aims to familiarize physicians with the evaluation, management, and prevention of childhood. METHODS A PubMed search was conducted in May, 2021, in Clinical Queries using the key terms "obesity" OR "obese". The search included clinical trials, randomized controlled trials, case-control studies, cohort studies, meta-analyses, observational studies, clinical guidelines, case reports, case series, and reviews. The search was restricted to English literature and children. The information retrieved from the above search was used in the compilation of the present article. RESULTS Most obese children have exogenous obesity characterized by a growth rate for height above the 50th percentile, normal intelligence, normal genitalia, and lack of historical or physical evidence of an endocrine abnormality or a congenital syndrome. Obese children are at risk for dyslipidemia, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, obstructive sleep apnea, psychosocial disturbances, impaired quality of life, and shorter life expectancy. The multitude of serious comorbidities necessitates effective treatment modalities. Dietary modification, therapeutic exercise, and behavioral modification are the fundamentals of treatment. Pharmacotherapy and/or bariatric surgery should be considered for obese individuals who do not respond to the above measures and suffer from a serious comorbid condition. CONCLUSION Childhood obesity, once established, is often refractory to treatment. Most treatment programs lead to a brief period of weight loss, followed by rapid re-accumulation of the lost weight after the termination of therapy. As such, preventive activity is the key to solving the problem of childhood obesity. Childhood obesity can be prevented by promoting a healthy diet, regular physical activity, and lifestyle modification. Parents should be encouraged to get involved in school and community programs that improve their children's nutritional status and physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander K C Leung
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Calgary, The Alberta Children's Hospital, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Alex H C Wong
- Department of Family Medicine, The University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Kam Lun Hon
- Department of Paediatrics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The Hong Kong Children's Hospital, Hong Kong, China
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Turner L, Charrouf R, Martínez-Vizcaíno V, Hutchison A, Heilbronn LK, Fernández-Rodríguez R. The effects of time-restricted eating versus habitual diet on inflammatory cytokines and adipokines in the general adult population: a systematic review with meta-analysis. Am J Clin Nutr 2024; 119:206-220. [PMID: 37865184 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2023.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Time-restricted eating (TRE) may facilitate weight loss, but its impact on inflammation remains unclear. Chronic inflammation can detrimentally increase risk of obesity-associated comorbidities. OBJECTIVES The aim of this systematic review was to synthesize and determine the effects of TRE on cytokine and adipokines (C-reactive protein [CRP], TNF alpha [TNF-α], interleukin-6 [IL-6], leptin, and adiponectin) in adults. METHODS PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane CENTRAL, and Web of Science were systematically searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and non-RCTs to determine the effects of TRE on cytokines and adipokines in adults up to 23 June, 2023. Risk of bias was assessed using risk of Bias 2 tool for RCTs and the ROBINS-I for non-RCTs. The standardized mean differences (SMDs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated with the DerSimonian-Laird method through random-effect models. The PRISMA recommendations were followed. RESULTS A total of 25 studies (13 RCTs, 12 non-RCTs) involving 936 participants were included. The pooled SMD for the effect of TRE compared with the control group on cytokines and adipokines was -0.11 (95% CI: -0.33, 0.12; I2 = 19.7%; n = 10 comparisons) for CRP; -0.25 (95% CI: -0.47, -0.03; I2 = 0%; n = 11 comparisons) for TNF-α; -0.09 (95% CI: -0.39, 0.21; I2 = 16.4%; n = 8 comparisons) for IL-6; -0.81 (95% CI: -1.37, -0.24; I2 = 65.3%; n = 5 comparisons) for leptin; and 0.07 (95% CI: -0.40, 0.54; I2 = 56.9%; n = 6 comparisons) for adiponectin. CONCLUSIONS Time-restricted eating may be an effective approach to reduce TNF-α and leptin levels in the general adult population. This review was registered at PROSPERO as CRD42022358162.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Turner
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia; South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, Australia
| | - Rasha Charrouf
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia; South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, Australia
| | - Vicente Martínez-Vizcaíno
- Universidad de Castilla La-Mancha, Health and Social Research Centre, Cuenca, Spain; Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Talca, Chile
| | - Amy Hutchison
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia; South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, Australia
| | - Leonie K Heilbronn
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia; South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, Australia.
| | - Rubén Fernández-Rodríguez
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia; South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, Australia; Universidad de Castilla La-Mancha, Health and Social Research Centre, Cuenca, Spain
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Ouyang A, Hu K, Chen L. Trends and risk factors of diabetes and prediabetes in US adolescents, 1999-2020. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2024; 207:111022. [PMID: 37981123 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2023.111022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To assess the national trends in prevalence of diabetes and prediabetes and their major risk factors among adolescents in the US. METHODS We analyzed data on 6,936 adolescents aged 12 to 19 years from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) between 1999 and 2020. Diabetes was defined by self-reported physician-diagnosis (diagnosed) and by fasting plasma glucose and HbA1c levels (undiagnosed). Prediabetes was identified by fasting plasma glucose and HbA1c levels. Logistic regression was performed to estimate the associations of major risk factors with diabetes and prediabetes. RESULTS The prevalence of prediabetes in adolescents increased from 11.5% in 1999-2002 to 36.3% in 2015-2020. The prevalence of diabetes increased from 0.82% (0.62% of diagnosed and 0.20% of undiagnosed) in 1999-2002 to 1.14% (0.76% of diagnosed and 0.38% of undiagnosed) in 2015-2020, but the increase was not statistically significant (P value = 0.69). Obesity was significantly associated with higher odds of diabetes and prediabetes while boys and Mexican Americans had a significantly higher risk of prediabetes than their counterparts. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of prediabetes among adolescents in the US has more than tripled from 1999 to 2020. Obese adolescents are at the greatest risk for diabetes and prediabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Ouyang
- Thomas S. Wootton High School, 2100 Wootton Pkwy, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Kathy Hu
- Episcopal School of Baton Rouge, 3200 Woodland Ridge Blvd, Baton Rouge, LA 70816, USA
| | - Liwei Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles, 650 Charles E Young Dr S, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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Kavgacı A, İncedere F, Tunaoğlu S, Karabörk M, Büyükkaragöz B, Leventoğlu E, Oğuz D, Kula S, Terlemez S. Comparison of echocardiographic aortic stiffness index measurements and pulse wave velocity measurements in obese and overweight children. Cardiol Young 2024; 34:11-17. [PMID: 37340799 DOI: 10.1017/s104795112300166x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aortic/arterial stiffness is a reliable, independent predictor and a risk factor for cardiovascular mortality. Arterial stiffness is assessed by pulse wave velocity and echocardiography. The purpose of this study is to analyse aortic/arterial stiffness in patients using echocardiographic and pulse wave velocity techniques. MATERIALS AND METHODS The participants of this study consisted of 62 patients who presented to the Gazi University Pediatric Endocrinology and Pediatric Cardiology outpatient clinics, including 21 obese, 20 overweight, and 21 normal-weight patients. Echocardiography was performed on all patients, and echocardiographic measurements were compared to pulse wave velocity measurements. RESULTS The mean (min-max) arterial strain measurements were 0.146 ± 0.0 (0.06-0.3) in the obese group and 0.106 ± 0.0 (0.05-0.18) in the overweight group. In comparison to the overweight group, the obese group had greater arterial strain measurements. The pulse wave velocity measurements in the obese and overweight groups were greater than those in the normal weight group (p > 0.05). Elastic modulus and aortic stiffness ß index values were shown to be positively correlated with pulse wave velocity measurements in the obese group (r = 0.56, r = 0.53, respectively; p = 0.008, p = 0.01, respectively). Systolic and diastolic blood pressure measurements were correlated with pulse wave velocity measurements in the obese group (r = 0.98, p = 0.0001, respectively). CONCLUSION In our study, echocardiographic aortic measurements showing the vessel wall were correlated with pulse wave velocity measurements. Echocardiographic evaluation should be included in the routine follow-up of patients because pulse wave velocity measurement devices are not available in all centres, echocardiography is available in many centres, it is easily applicable, and it facilitates the follow-up of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akif Kavgacı
- Pediatric Cardiology, Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Fatma İncedere
- Pediatric Cardiology, Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sedef Tunaoğlu
- Pediatric Cardiology, Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Bahar Büyükkaragöz
- Pediatric Nephrology, Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Emre Leventoğlu
- Pediatric Nephrology, Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Deniz Oğuz
- Pediatric Cardiology, Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Serdar Kula
- Pediatric Cardiology, Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Semiha Terlemez
- Pediatric Cardiology, Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
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Lawrence NR, Bacila I, Dawson J, Mahdi S, Alvi S, Cheetham TD, Crowne E, Das U, Dattani MT, Davies JH, Gevers E, Krone RE, Patel L, Randell T, Ryan FJ, Keevil B, Ahmed SF, Krone NP. Quality of Life in Children and Young People With Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia-UK Nationwide Multicenter Assessment. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2023; 109:e336-e346. [PMID: 37439248 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgad405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Quality of life (QoL) has been inconsistently reported in children and young people (CYP) with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH). OBJECTIVE Assess QoL in CYP with CAH in the UK alongside biometric and androgen profiles. DESIGN To define the evidence base for health care delivery, we conducted a cross-sectional study in CYP with CAH in the UK. Questionnaire results were compared with normative data and between groups, and modelled for association with sex, height, weight, body mass index, or steroid biomarkers of CAH control. SETTING Tertiary care in 14 UK centers. PATIENTS Results from 104 patients, 55% female, mean age 12.7 years (SD 3.0), paired responses from parents. INTERVENTIONS Strengths and Difficulties questionnaire (SDQ) and pediatric QoL questionnaire. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Total QoL scores as assessed by SDQ and a pediatric QoL questionnaire in comparison to normative data. RESULTS Total scores were worse in parents than normative data, but similar in patients. Patient QoL was rated better in social functioning but worse in emotional, school, and peer domains by patients, and worse in total scores and domains of peer problems, and psychosocial, emotional, and school functioning by parents. Parents consistently scored QoL of their children lower than their child. Larger height-SD score and lower weight-SD score were associated with better QoL. Girls with lower steroid biomarkers had worse SDQ scores. CONCLUSIONS In CYP with CAH, reduced height, increased weight, and hormonal biomarkers consistent with overtreatment were associated with worse QoL; addressing these problems should be prioritized in clinical management.Clinical Trials Registration Number: SCH/15/088.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Irina Bacila
- Department of Oncology & Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK
| | - Jeremy Dawson
- Department of Oncology & Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK
| | - Sundus Mahdi
- Department of Oncology & Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK
| | - Sabah Alvi
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Leeds Children's Hospital, Leeds LS2 3AX, UK
| | - Timothy D Cheetham
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Great North Children's Hospital, University of Newcastle, Newcastle NE1 4LP, UK
| | - Elizabeth Crowne
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology & Diabetes, Bristol Royal Hospital for Children, University Hospitals Bristol Foundation Trust, Bristol BS2 8BJ, UK
| | - Urmi Das
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Alder Hey Children's Hospital, Liverpool L14 5AB, UK
| | - Mehul Tulsidas Dattani
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London WC1N 1LE, UK
| | - Justin H Davies
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
- Department of Human Development & Health, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Evelien Gevers
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University London, London and Barts Health NHS Trust-The Royal London Hospital, London E1 1BB, UK
| | - Ruth E Krone
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Birmingham Women's & Children's Hospital, Birmingham B4 6NH, UK
| | - Leena Patel
- Paediatric Endocrine Service, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester M13 9WL, UK
| | - Tabitha Randell
- Department of Paediatric Diabetes and Endocrinology, Nottingham Children's Hospital, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Fiona J Ryan
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Oxford Children's Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Brian Keevil
- Department of Biochemistry, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - S Faisal Ahmed
- Developmental Endocrinology Research Group, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Nils P Krone
- Department of Oncology & Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK
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47
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Zhou F, Tian G, Cui Y, He S, Yan Y. Development of genome-wide association studies on childhood obesity and its indicators: A scoping review and enrichment analysis. Pediatr Obes 2023; 18:e13077. [PMID: 37800454 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.13077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The progress of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in childhood obesity and its indicators is challenging and there are differences in genetic studies in children and adults. OBJECTIVE To illustrate the history of the development of GWAS in childhood obesity and its indicators and summarize the GWAS loci. METHODS PubMed, Web of Science, Embase and GWAS Catalog databases were systematically searched from 1 January 2005 to 19 October 2022 for literature related to GWAS of childhood BMI, body fatness and obesity. The nearest genes were used as positional genes to perform gene set analyses including the enrichment of pathways, tissues and diseases. RESULTS Twenty articles published between 2007 and 2021 were included in this scoping review, which identified 116 SNPs reaching genome-wide significance with childhood BMI (n = 50), body fatness (n = 31) and obesity (n = 35). The study populations were European in 16 studies, non-European in three studies (1 East Asian; 1 American; 1 Mexican) and trans-ancestry in one study. Several enriched pathways, tissues and diseases were identified through enrichment analysis of genes associated with childhood obesity and its indicators. CONCLUSIONS The innovations in tools and methods enable GWAS to better explore the genetic characteristics of obesity in children and adolescents. However, the number of GWAS in American, Asian and African populations is limited compared to the European population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feixiang Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Gang Tian
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yiran Cui
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Simin He
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yan Yan
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Wimalasena ST, Ramírez-Silva CI, Gonzalez Casanova I, Stein AD, Sun YV, Rivera JA, Demmelmair H, Koletzko B, Ramakrishnan U. Effects of prenatal docosahexaenoic acid supplementation on offspring cardiometabolic health at 11 years differs by maternal single nucleotide polymorphism rs174602: follow-up of a randomized controlled trial in Mexico. Am J Clin Nutr 2023; 118:1123-1132. [PMID: 37839707 PMCID: PMC10797513 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2023.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is limited evidence regarding long-term effects of prenatal docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) supplementation on offspring cardiometabolic health (CMH). Inconsistent results may be attributable to variants of fatty acid desaturase (FADS) genes. OBJECTIVE We aimed to evaluate the effect of prenatal DHA supplementation on offspring CMH and investigate effect modification by maternal FADS2 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs174602. METHODS We used follow-up data from a double-blind, randomized controlled trial in Mexico in which pregnant females received 400 mg/d of algal DHA or placebo from midgestation until delivery. The study sample included 314 offspring with data at age 11 y and maternal FADS genetic data (DHA: n = 160; Placebo: n = 154). We derived a Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) score from body mass index, HDL, triglycerides, fasting glucose concentrations, and systolic blood pressure. Generalized linear models were used to evaluate the effect of the intervention on offspring MetS score and test interactions between treatment group and genotype, adjusting for maternal, offspring, and household factors. RESULTS Offspring MetS score did not differ significantly by treatment group. We observed evidence of effect modification by maternal SNP rs174602 (P = 0.001); offspring of maternal TT genotype who received DHA had lower MetS score relative to the placebo group (DHA (mean ± standard error of the mean (SEM)): -0.21 ± 0.11, n = 21; Placebo: 0.05 ± 0.11, n = 23; Δ= -0.26 (95% CI: -0.55, 0.04), P = 0.09); among CC maternal genotype carriers, offspring of mothers who received DHA had higher MetS score (0.18 ± 0.06, n = 62) relative to the placebo group (-0.05 ± 0.06, n = 65, Δ=0.24 (0.06, 0.41), P < 0.01). CONCLUSION The effect of prenatal DHA supplementation on offspring MetS score differed by maternal FADS SNP rs174602. These findings further support incorporating genetic analysis of FADS polymorphisms in DHA supplementation trials. CLINICAL TRIAL DETAILS This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00646360.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Tandon Wimalasena
- Doctoral Program in Nutrition and Health Sciences, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | | | | | - Aryeh D Stein
- Doctoral Program in Nutrition and Health Sciences, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States; Hubert Department of Global Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Yan V Sun
- Department of Epidemiology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Juan A Rivera
- National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Hans Demmelmair
- LMU-Ludwig Maximilians Universität, Department of Pediatrics, LMU University Hospitals, Munich, Germany
| | - Berthold Koletzko
- LMU-Ludwig Maximilians Universität, Department of Pediatrics, LMU University Hospitals, Munich, Germany
| | - Usha Ramakrishnan
- Doctoral Program in Nutrition and Health Sciences, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States; Hubert Department of Global Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States.
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49
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Maguolo A, Gabbianelli R, Maffeis C. Micronutrients in early life and offspring metabolic health programming: a promising target for preventing non-communicable diseases. Eur J Clin Nutr 2023; 77:1105-1112. [PMID: 37604969 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-023-01333-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Chronic non-communicable diseases are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Developing and implementing effective preventive strategies is the best way to ensure the overall metabolic health status of the population and to counter the global burden of non-communicable diseases. Predisposition to obesity and other non-communicable diseases is due to a combination of genetic and environmental factors throughout life, but the early environment, particularly the environment during the fetal period and the early years of life, is crucial in determining metabolic health, hence the concept of 'fetal programming'. The origins of this causal link between environmental factors and disease lie in epigenetic mechanisms. Among the environmental factors, diet plays a crucial role in this process. Substantial evidence documented the key role of macronutrients in the programming of metabolic diseases early in life. Recently, the effect of maternal micronutrient intake on offspring metabolic health in later life emerged. The purpose of this narrative review is to bring to light available evidence in the literature on the effect of maternal micronutrient status on offspring metabolic health and underlying epigenetic mechanisms that drive this link to highlight its potential role in the prevention of non-communicable diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Maguolo
- Pediatric Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Paediatrics and Gynaecology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
| | - Rosita Gabbianelli
- Unit of Molecular Biology and Nutrigenomics, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Claudio Maffeis
- Pediatric Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Paediatrics and Gynaecology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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50
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Tapia-González A, Vélez-Ixta JM, Bueno-Hernández N, Piña-Escobedo A, Briones-Garduño JC, de la Rosa-Ruiz L, Aguayo-Guerrero J, Mendoza-Martínez VM, Snowball-del-Pilar L, Escobedo G, Meléndez-Mier G, Méndez-García LA, García-Mena J, Esquivel-Velázquez M. Maternal Consumption of Non-Nutritive Sweeteners during Pregnancy Is Associated with Alterations in the Colostrum Microbiota. Nutrients 2023; 15:4928. [PMID: 38068786 PMCID: PMC10708104 DOI: 10.3390/nu15234928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-nutritive sweeteners (NNSs) provide a sweet taste to foods and beverages without significantly adding calories. Still, their consumption has been linked to modifications in adult's and children's gut microbiota and the disruption of blood glucose control. Human milk microbiota are paramount in establishing infants' gut microbiota, but very little is known about whether the consumption of sweeteners can alter it. To address this question, we sequenced DNA extracted colostrum samples from a group of mothers, who had different levels of NNS consumption, using the Ion Torrent Platform. Our results show that the "core" of colostrum microbiota, composed of the genera Bifidobacterium, Blautia, Cutibacteium, Staphylococcus, and Streptococcus, remains practically unchanged with the consumption of NNS during pregnancy, but specific genera display significant alterations, such as Staphylococcus and Streptococcus. A significant increase in the unclassified archaea Methanobrevibacter spp. was observed as the consumption frequency of NNS increased. The increase in the abundance of this archaea has been previously linked to obesity in Mexican children. NNS consumption during pregnancy could be related to changes in colostrum microbiota and may affect infants' gut microbiota seeding and their future health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Tapia-González
- Laboratorio de Proteómica e Inmunometabolismo, Hospital General de México “Dr. Eduardo Liceaga”, Mexico City 06720, Mexico; (A.T.-G.); (N.B.-H.); (L.S.-d.-P.); (G.E.); (L.A.M.-G.)
| | - Juan Manuel Vélez-Ixta
- Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 07360, Mexico; (J.M.V.-I.); (A.P.-E.)
| | - Nallely Bueno-Hernández
- Laboratorio de Proteómica e Inmunometabolismo, Hospital General de México “Dr. Eduardo Liceaga”, Mexico City 06720, Mexico; (A.T.-G.); (N.B.-H.); (L.S.-d.-P.); (G.E.); (L.A.M.-G.)
| | - Alberto Piña-Escobedo
- Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 07360, Mexico; (J.M.V.-I.); (A.P.-E.)
| | | | - Leticia de la Rosa-Ruiz
- Banco de Leche Humana y Lactancia, Hospital General de México “Dr. Eduardo Liceaga”, Mexico City 06720, Mexico
| | - José Aguayo-Guerrero
- Laboratorio de Proteómica e Inmunometabolismo, Hospital General de México “Dr. Eduardo Liceaga”, Mexico City 06720, Mexico; (A.T.-G.); (N.B.-H.); (L.S.-d.-P.); (G.E.); (L.A.M.-G.)
| | - Viridiana M. Mendoza-Martínez
- Laboratorio de Proteómica e Inmunometabolismo, Hospital General de México “Dr. Eduardo Liceaga”, Mexico City 06720, Mexico; (A.T.-G.); (N.B.-H.); (L.S.-d.-P.); (G.E.); (L.A.M.-G.)
| | - Lenin Snowball-del-Pilar
- Laboratorio de Proteómica e Inmunometabolismo, Hospital General de México “Dr. Eduardo Liceaga”, Mexico City 06720, Mexico; (A.T.-G.); (N.B.-H.); (L.S.-d.-P.); (G.E.); (L.A.M.-G.)
| | - Galileo Escobedo
- Laboratorio de Proteómica e Inmunometabolismo, Hospital General de México “Dr. Eduardo Liceaga”, Mexico City 06720, Mexico; (A.T.-G.); (N.B.-H.); (L.S.-d.-P.); (G.E.); (L.A.M.-G.)
| | - Guillermo Meléndez-Mier
- Facultad de Salud Pública y Nutrición, Universidad Autónoma de Monterrey, Monterrey 64460, Mexico;
| | - Lucía A. Méndez-García
- Laboratorio de Proteómica e Inmunometabolismo, Hospital General de México “Dr. Eduardo Liceaga”, Mexico City 06720, Mexico; (A.T.-G.); (N.B.-H.); (L.S.-d.-P.); (G.E.); (L.A.M.-G.)
| | - Jaime García-Mena
- Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 07360, Mexico; (J.M.V.-I.); (A.P.-E.)
| | - Marcela Esquivel-Velázquez
- Laboratorio de Proteómica e Inmunometabolismo, Hospital General de México “Dr. Eduardo Liceaga”, Mexico City 06720, Mexico; (A.T.-G.); (N.B.-H.); (L.S.-d.-P.); (G.E.); (L.A.M.-G.)
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