1
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Papke RL. Functions and pharmacology of α2β2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors; in and out of the shadow of α4β2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 225:116263. [PMID: 38735444 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Although α2 was the first neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) receptor subunit to be cloned, due to its low level of expression in rodent brain, its study has largely been neglected. This study provides a comparison of the α2 and α4 structures and their functional similarities, especially in regard to the existence of low and high sensitivity forms based on subunit stoichiometry. We show that the pharmacological profiles of the low and high sensitivity forms of α2β2 and α4β2 receptors are very similar in their responses to nicotine, with high sensitivity receptors showing protracted responses. Sazetidine A, an agonist that is selective for the high sensitivity α4 receptors also selectively activates high sensitivity α2 receptors. Likewise, α2 receptors have similar responses as α4 receptors to the positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) desformylflustrabromine (dFBr) and NS9283. We show that the partial agonists for α4β2 receptors, cytisine and varenicline are also partial agonists for α2β2 receptors. Studies have shown that levels of α2 expression may be much higher in the brains of primates than those of rodents, suggesting a potential importance for human therapeutics. High-affinity nAChR have been studied in humans with PET ligands such as flubatine. We show that flubatine has similar activity with α2β2 and α4β2 receptors so that α2 receptors will also be detected in PET studies that have previously presumed to selectively detect α4β2 receptors. Therefore, α2 receptors need more consideration in the development of therapeutics to manage nicotine addiction and declining cholinergic function in age and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger L Papke
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA.
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2
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Donlon J, Kumari P, Varghese SP, Bai M, Florentin OD, Frost ED, Banks J, Vadlapatla N, Kam O, Shad MU, Rahman S, Abulseoud OA, Stone TW, Koola MM. Integrative Pharmacology in the Treatment of Substance Use Disorders. J Dual Diagn 2024; 20:132-177. [PMID: 38117676 DOI: 10.1080/15504263.2023.2293854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
The detrimental physical, mental, and socioeconomic effects of substance use disorders (SUDs) have been apparent to the medical community for decades. However, it has become increasingly urgent in recent years to develop novel pharmacotherapies to treat SUDs. Currently, practitioners typically rely on monotherapy. Monotherapy has been shown to be superior to no treatment at all for most substance classes. However, many randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have revealed that monotherapy leads to poorer outcomes when compared with combination treatment in all specialties of medicine. The results of RCTs suggest that monotherapy frequently fails since multiple dysregulated pathways, enzymes, neurotransmitters, and receptors are involved in the pathophysiology of SUDs. As such, research is urgently needed to determine how various neurobiological mechanisms can be targeted by novel combination treatments to create increasingly specific yet exceedingly comprehensive approaches to SUD treatment. This article aims to review the neurobiology that integrates many pathophysiologic mechanisms and discuss integrative pharmacology developments that may ultimately improve clinical outcomes for patients with SUDs. Many neurobiological mechanisms are known to be involved in SUDs including dopaminergic, nicotinic, N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA), and kynurenic acid (KYNA) mechanisms. Emerging evidence indicates that KYNA, a tryptophan metabolite, modulates all these major pathophysiologic mechanisms. Therefore, achieving KYNA homeostasis by harmonizing integrative pathophysiology and pharmacology could prove to be a better therapeutic approach for SUDs. We propose KYNA-NMDA-α7nAChRcentric pathophysiology, the "conductor of the orchestra," as a novel approach to treat many SUDs concurrently. KYNA-NMDA-α7nAChR pathophysiology may be the "command center" of neuropsychiatry. To date, extant RCTs have shown equivocal findings across comparison conditions, possibly because investigators targeted single pathophysiologic mechanisms, hit wrong targets in underlying pathophysiologic mechanisms, and tested inadequate monotherapy treatment. We provide examples of potential combination treatments that simultaneously target multiple pathophysiologic mechanisms in addition to KYNA. Kynurenine pathway metabolism demonstrates the greatest potential as a target for neuropsychiatric diseases. The investigational medications with the most evidence include memantine, galantamine, and N-acetylcysteine. Future RCTs are warranted with novel combination treatments for SUDs. Multicenter RCTs with integrative pharmacology offer a promising, potentially fruitful avenue to develop novel therapeutics for the treatment of SUDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack Donlon
- Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, New Jersey, USA
| | - Pooja Kumari
- Community Living Trent Highlands, Peterborough, Canada
| | - Sajoy P Varghese
- Addiction Recovery Treatment Services, Veterans Affairs Northern California Health Care System, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Michael Bai
- Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ori David Florentin
- Department of Psychiatry, Westchester Medical Center, Valhalla, New York, USA
| | - Emma D Frost
- Department of Neurology, Cooper University Health Care, Camden, New Jersey, USA
| | - John Banks
- Talkiatry Mental Health Clinic, New York, New York, USA
| | - Niyathi Vadlapatla
- Thomas Jefferson High School for Science and Technology, Alexandria, Virginia, USA
| | - Olivia Kam
- Stony Brook University Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Mujeeb U Shad
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA
| | - Shafiqur Rahman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota, USA
| | - Osama A Abulseoud
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Alix School of Medicine at Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Trevor W Stone
- Nuffield Department of Orthopedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences (NDORMS), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Maju Mathew Koola
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Cooper University Health Care, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, New Jersey, USA
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3
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Murdaugh LB, Miliano C, Chen I, Faunce CL, Natividad LA, Gregus AM, Buczynski MW. Effect of chronic vapor nicotine exposure on affective and cognitive behavior in male mice. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6646. [PMID: 38503831 PMCID: PMC10951409 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56766-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Nicotine use is a leading cause of preventable deaths worldwide, and most of those who attempt to quit will relapse. While electronic cigarettes and other electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) were presented as a safer alternative to traditional cigarettes and promoted as devices to help traditional tobacco smokers reduce or quit smoking, they have instead contributed to increasing nicotine use among youths. Despite this, ENDS also represent a useful tool to create novel preclinical animal models of nicotine exposure that more accurately represent human nicotine use. In this study, we validated a chronic, intermittent, ENDS-based passive vapor exposure model in mice, and then measured changes in multiple behaviors related to nicotine abstinence. First, we performed a behavioral dose curve to investigate the effects of different nicotine inter-vape intervals on various measures including body weight, locomotor activity, and pain hypersensitivity. Next, we performed a pharmacokinetic study to measure plasma levels of nicotine and cotinine following chronic exposure for each inter-vape interval. Finally, we utilized a behavior test battery at a single dosing regimen that produces blood levels equivalent to human smokers in order to characterize the effects of chronic nicotine, vehicle, or passive airflow and identified nicotine-induced impairments in cognitive behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura B Murdaugh
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 970 Washington St SW, Life Sciences I, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
- Translational Biology, Medicine, and Health, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Cristina Miliano
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 970 Washington St SW, Life Sciences I, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Irene Chen
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 970 Washington St SW, Life Sciences I, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Christine L Faunce
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 970 Washington St SW, Life Sciences I, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Luis A Natividad
- College of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Ann M Gregus
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 970 Washington St SW, Life Sciences I, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA.
| | - Matthew W Buczynski
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 970 Washington St SW, Life Sciences I, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA.
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4
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Amin S, Uyeda K, Pagano I, Tabangcura KR, Taketa R, Terawaki Kawamoto C, Pokhrel P. Virtual Assistants' Response to Queries About Nicotine Replacement Therapy: A Mixed-Method Analysis. Eval Health Prof 2024:1632787241235689. [PMID: 38408450 DOI: 10.1177/01632787241235689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
This study focused on investigating the potential of Artificial Intelligent-powered Virtual Assistants (VAs) such as Amazon Alexa, Apple Siri, and Google Assistant as tools to help individuals seeking information about Nicotine Replacement Treatment (NRT) for smoking cessation. The researchers asked 40 NRT-related questions to each of the 3 VAs and evaluated the responses for voice recognition. The study used a cross-sectional mixed-method design with a total sample size of 360 responses. Inter-rater reliability and differences between VAs' responses were examined by SAS software, and qualitative assessments were conducted using NVivo software. Google Assistant achieved 100% voice recognition for NRT-related questions, followed by Apple Siri at 97.5%, and Amazon Alexa at 83.3%. Statistically significant differences were found between the responses of Amazon Alexa relative to both Google Assistant and Apple Siri. Researcher 1's ratings significantly differed from Researcher 2's (p = .001), but not from Researcher 3's (p = .11). Virtual Assistants occasionally struggled to understand the context or nuances of questions, lacked in-depth information in their responses, and provided generic or unrelated responses. Virtual Assistants have the potential to be incorporated into smoking cessation interventions and tobacco control initiatives, contingent upon improving their competencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samia Amin
- University of Hawai'i Cancer Center, USA
| | | | - Ian Pagano
- University of Hawai'i Cancer Center, USA
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5
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Murdaugh LB, Miliano C, Chen I, Faunce CL, Natividad LA, Gregus AM, Buczynski MW. Effect of chronic vapor nicotine exposure on affective and cognitive behavior in male mice. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-3892315. [PMID: 38352503 PMCID: PMC10862982 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3892315/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Nicotine use is a leading cause of preventable deaths worldwide, and most of those who attempt to quit will relapse. While electronic cigarettes and other electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) were presented as a safer alternative to traditional cigarettes and promoted as devices to help traditional tobacco smokers reduce or quit smoking, they have instead contributed to increasing nicotine use among youths. Despite this, ENDS also represent a useful tool to create novel preclinical animal models of nicotine exposure that more accurately represent human nicotine use. In this study, we validated a chronic, intermittent, ENDS-based passive vapor exposure model in mice, and then measured changes in multiple behaviors related to nicotine abstinence. First, we performed a behavioral dose curve to investigate the effects of different nicotine inter-vape intervals on various measures including body weight, locomotor activity, and pain hypersensitivity. Next, we performed a pharmacokinetic study to measure plasma levels of nicotine and cotinine following chronic exposure for each inter-vape interval. Finally, we utilized a behavior test battery at a single dosing regimen that produces blood levels equivalent to human smokers in order to characterize the effects of chronic nicotine, vehicle, or passive airflow and identified nicotine-induced impairments in cognitive behavior.
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6
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Tian ZR, Sharma A, Muresanu DF, Sharma S, Feng L, Zhang Z, Li C, Buzoianu AD, Lafuente JV, Nozari A, Sjöqvisst PO, Wiklund L, Sharma HS. Nicotine neurotoxicity exacerbation following engineered Ag and Cu (50-60 nm) nanoparticles intoxication. Neuroprotection with nanowired delivery of antioxidant compound H-290/51 together with serotonin 5-HT3 receptor antagonist ondansetron. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2023; 172:189-233. [PMID: 37833012 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2023.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Nicotine abuse is frequent worldwide leading to about 8 millions people die every year due to tobacco related diseases. Military personnel often use nicotine smoking that is about 12.8% higher than civilian populations. Nicotine smoking triggers oxidative stress and are linked to several neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease. Nicotine neurotoxicity induces significant depression and oxidative stress in the brain leading to neurovascular damages and brain pathology. Thus, details of nicotine neurotoxicity and factors influencing them require additional investigations. In this review, effects of engineered nanoparticles from metals Ag and Cu (50-60 nm) on nicotine neurotoxicity are discussed with regard to nicotine smoking. Military personnel often work in the environment where chances of nanoparticles exposure are quite common. In our earlier studies, we have shown that nanoparticles alone induces breakdown of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and exacerbates brain pathology in animal models. In present investigation, nicotine exposure in with Ag or Cu nanoparticles intoxicated group exacerbated BBB breakdown, induce oxidative stress and aggravate brain pathology. Treatment with nanowired H-290/51 a potent chain-breaking antioxidant together with nanowired ondansetron, a potent 5-HT3 receptor antagonist significantly reduced oxidative stress, BBB breakdown and brain pathology in nicotine exposure associated with Ag or Cu nanoparticles intoxication. The functional significance of this findings and possible mechanisms of nicotine neurotoxicity are discussed based on current literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Ryan Tian
- Dept. Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Aruna Sharma
- International Experimental Central Nervous System Injury & Repair (IECNSIR), Dept. of Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology & Intensive Care Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Dafin F Muresanu
- Dept. Clinical Neurosciences, University of Medicine & Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; ''RoNeuro'' Institute for Neurological Research and Diagnostic, Mircea Eliade Street, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Suraj Sharma
- Blekinge Institute of Technology, BTH, Karlskrona, Sweden
| | - Lianyuan Feng
- Blekinge Institute of Technology, BTH, Karlskrona, Sweden
| | - Zhiqiang Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Bethune International Peace Hospital, Zhongshan Road (West), Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, P.R. China
| | - Cong Li
- Department of Neurology, Bethune International Peace Hospital, Zhongshan Road (West), Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, P.R. China
| | - Anca D Buzoianu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Dade road No.111, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, P.R. China; Department of Neurosurgery, Chinese Medicine Hospital of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Dade road No.111, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - José Vicente Lafuente
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ala Nozari
- Department of Anesthesiology, Boston University, Albany str, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Per-Ove Sjöqvisst
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars Wiklund
- International Experimental Central Nervous System Injury & Repair (IECNSIR), Dept. of Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology & Intensive Care Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hari Shanker Sharma
- International Experimental Central Nervous System Injury & Repair (IECNSIR), Dept. of Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology & Intensive Care Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; LaNCE, Dept. Neuroscience, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain.
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7
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Krupsky KL, Sliwa S, Seligman H, Brown AD, Liese AD, Demissie Z, Barnidge E. Adolescent Health Risk Behaviors, Adverse Experiences, and Self-reported Hunger: Analysis of 10 States from the 2019 Youth Risk Behavior Surveys. JOURNAL OF HUNGER & ENVIRONMENTAL NUTRITION 2023; 19:523-539. [PMID: 38954493 PMCID: PMC10300635 DOI: 10.1080/19320248.2022.2088263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
We examined associations between adolescent self-reported hunger, health risk behaviors, and adverse experiences during the 2018-2019 school year. Youth Risk Behavior Survey data were pooled from 10 states. Prevalence ratios were calculated, and we assessed effect measure modification by sex. The prevalence of self-reported hunger was 13%. Self-reported hunger was associated with a higher prevalence of every health risk behavior/adverse experience analyzed, even after adjusting for sex, grade, and race/ethnicity. Sex did not modify associations. Findings underscore needs for longitudinal research with more robust measures of adolescent food insecurity to clarify the temporality of relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn L. Krupsky
- Division of Epidemiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Sarah Sliwa
- Division of Population Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Hilary Seligman
- Departments of Medicine and of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Andrea D. Brown
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Angela D. Liese
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Zewditu Demissie
- Division of Adolescent and School Health, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- U.S. Public Health Service Commissioned Corps, Rockville, MD
| | - Ellen Barnidge
- Department of Behavioral Science and Health Education, Saint Louis University College of Public Health and Social Justice, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
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8
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Mineur YS, Soares AR, Etherington IM, Abdulla ZI, Picciotto MR. Pathophysiology of nAChRs: limbic circuits and related disorders. Pharmacol Res 2023; 191:106745. [PMID: 37011774 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Human epidemiological studies have identified links between nicotine intake and stress disorders, including anxiety, depression and PTSD. Here we review the clinical evidence for activation and desensitization of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) relevant to affective disorders. We go on to describe clinical and preclinical pharmacological studies suggesting that nAChR function may be involved in the etiology of anxiety and depressive disorders, may be relevant targets for medication development, and may contribute to the antidepressant efficacy of non-nicotinic therapeutics. We then review what is known about nAChR function in a subset of limbic system areas (amygdala, hippocampus and prefrontal cortex), and how this contributes to stress-relevant behaviors in preclinical models that may be relevant to human affective disorders. Taken together, the preclinical and clinical literature point to a clear role for ACh signaling through nAChRs in regulation of behavioral responses to stress. Disruption of nAChR homeostasis is likely to contribute to the psychopathology observed in anxiety and depressive disorders. Targeting specific nAChRs may therefore be a strategy for medication development to treat these disorders or to augment the efficacy of current therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexa R Soares
- Department of Psychiatry, USA; Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University School of Medicine, 34 Park Street, 3rd Floor Research, New Haven, CT 06508, USA
| | - Ian M Etherington
- Department of Psychiatry, USA; Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University School of Medicine, 34 Park Street, 3rd Floor Research, New Haven, CT 06508, USA
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9
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Prokopidis K, Witard OC. Understanding the role of smoking and chronic excess alcohol consumption on reduced caloric intake and the development of sarcopenia. Nutr Res Rev 2022; 35:197-206. [PMID: 34027849 DOI: 10.1017/s0954422421000135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This narrative review provides mechanistic insight into the biological link between smoking and/or chronic excess alcohol consumption, and increased risk of developing sarcopenia. Although the combination of excessive alcohol consumption and smoking is often associated with ectopic adipose deposition, this review is focused on the context of a reduced caloric intake (leading to energy deficit) that also may ensue due to either lifestyle habit. Smoking is a primary cause of periodontitis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease that both induce swallowing difficulties, inhibit taste and mastication, and are associated with increased risk of muscle atrophy and mitochondrial dysfunction. Smoking may contribute to physical inactivity, energy deficit via reduced caloric intake, and increased systemic inflammation, all of which are factors known to suppress muscle protein synthesis rates. Moreover, chronic excess alcohol consumption may result in gut microbiota dysbiosis and autophagy-induced hyperammonemia, initiating the up-regulation of muscle protein breakdown and down-regulation of muscle protein synthesis via activation of myostatin, AMPK and REDD1, and deactivation of IGF-1. Future research is warranted to explore the link between oral healthcare management and personalised nutrition counselling in light of potential detrimental consequences of chronic smoking on musculoskeletal health outcomes in older adults. Experimental studies should investigate the impact of smoking and chronic excess alcohol consumption on the gut-brain axis, and explore biomarkers of smoking-induced oral disease progression. The implementation of behavioural change interventions and health policies regarding smoking and alcohol intake habits may mitigate the clinical and financial burden of sarcopenia on the healthcare system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Prokopidis
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, White City, London, UK
| | - Oliver C Witard
- Centre for Human and Applied Physiological Sciences, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
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10
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Ellison-Barnes A, Galiatsatos P. Initiating Pharmacologic Treatment in Tobacco-Dependent Adults. Med Clin North Am 2022; 106:1067-1080. [PMID: 36280333 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcna.2022.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
There is a strong evidence base for the use of existing pharmacotherapies to support tobacco cessation, alone or in combination, ideally with concurrent behavioral interventions. Future pharmacotherapies under development may assist in the most refractory cases. Incorporating current and future therapies into a longitudinal chronic care model for tobacco dependence will help a diverse range of patients achieve independence from nicotine addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Ellison-Barnes
- The Tobacco Treatment and Cancer Screening Clinic, The Johns Hopkins Health System, Baltimore, MD, USA; Division of General Internal Medicine, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Panagis Galiatsatos
- The Tobacco Treatment and Cancer Screening Clinic, The Johns Hopkins Health System, Baltimore, MD, USA; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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11
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Anderson AR, Kurz AS, Szabo YZ, McGuire AP, Frankfurt SB. Exploring the longitudinal clustering of lifestyle behaviors, social determinants of health, and depression. J Health Psychol 2022; 27:2922-2935. [PMID: 35105232 PMCID: PMC9339578 DOI: 10.1177/13591053211072685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lifestyle behaviors such as exercise, sleep, smoking, diet, and social interaction are associated with depression. This study aimed to model the complex relationships between lifestyle behaviors and depression and among the lifestyle behaviors. Data from three waves of the Midlife in the United States study were used, involving 6898 adults. Network models revealed associations between the lifestyle behaviors and depression, with smoker status being strongly associated with depression. Depression, smoker status, age, time, and exercise were some of the most central components of the networks. Future lifestyle intervention research might prioritize specific behaviors based on these associations and centrality indices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austen R. Anderson
- Department of Veterans Affairs VISN 17 Center of
Excellence for Research on Returning War Veterans, Waco, TX, USA
- Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, TX,
USA
- University of Southern Mississippi, School of Psychology,
Hattiesburg, MS, USA
| | - A. Solomon Kurz
- Department of Veterans Affairs VISN 17 Center of
Excellence for Research on Returning War Veterans, Waco, TX, USA
- Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, TX,
USA
| | - Yvette Z. Szabo
- Department of Veterans Affairs VISN 17 Center of
Excellence for Research on Returning War Veterans, Waco, TX, USA
- Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, TX,
USA
- Baylor University, Department of Health, Human
Performance, and Recreation, Waco, TX, USA
| | - Adam P. McGuire
- Department of Veterans Affairs VISN 17 Center of
Excellence for Research on Returning War Veterans, Waco, TX, USA
- Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, TX,
USA
- The University of Texas at Tyler, Department of Psychology
and Counseling, Tyler, TX, USA
| | - Sheila B. Frankfurt
- Department of Veterans Affairs VISN 17 Center of
Excellence for Research on Returning War Veterans, Waco, TX, USA
- Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, TX,
USA
- Texas A&M University, College of Medicine, Temple, TX,
USA
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12
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Substance use, microbiome and psychiatric disorders. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2022; 219:173432. [PMID: 35905802 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2022.173432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence from several studies has shown association between substance use, dysregulation of the microbiome and psychiatric disorders such as depression, anxiety, and psychosis. Many of the abused substances such as cocaine and alcohol have been shown to alter immune signaling pathways and cause inflammation in both the periphery and the central nervous system (CNS). In addition, these substances of abuse also alter the composition and function of the gut microbiome which is known to play important roles such as the synthesis of neurotransmitters and metabolites, that affect the CNS homeostasis and consequent behavioral outcomes. The emerging interactions between substance use, microbiome and CNS neurochemical alterations could contribute to the development of psychiatric disorders. This review provides an overview of the associative effects of substance use such as alcohol, cocaine, methamphetamine, nicotine and opioids on the gut microbiome and psychiatric disorders involving anxiety, depression and psychosis. Understanding the relationship between substance use, microbiome and psychiatric disorders will provide insights for potential therapeutic targets, aimed at mitigating these adverse outcomes.
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13
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Fasakin OW, Oboh G, Ademosun AO. The prevalence, mechanism of action, and toxicity of Nigerian psychoactive plants. COMPARATIVE CLINICAL PATHOLOGY 2022; 31:853-873. [PMID: 35789743 PMCID: PMC9243860 DOI: 10.1007/s00580-022-03374-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Cannabis sativa, Datura stramonium, Nicotiana tabacum, and Carica papaya are plants that naturally grow in Nigeria. They are reportedly rich in neuroactive compounds that are capable of reacting with the nervous system to elicit psychoactive and/or toxic effects that deter predators. However, despite the toxicological potential of these plants, their recreational use is on the rise due to the psychoactivity they proffer and prevalence in Nigeria. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the plants' recreational use, mechanism of actions and toxicities. Relevant published documents on psychoactive plants in Nigeria were obtained from Web of Science between 2002 and 2020. Non-English documents, documents not in Science Citation Index Expanded and Google Scholar were removed while 1186 documents were reviewed. Results showed that the plants are recreationally used in Nigeria with a higher prevalence than the global frequency. They are very addictive and lead to dependence. The plants were also observed to elicit different mechanism of action, though the activation of monoaminergic neurotransmission system was common to all. Regrettably, the plants could be toxic when ingested under non-medical conditions. Conclusively, these plants are addictive with potential toxic effects. Therefore, control of the recreational use of these plants should be revamped and overhauled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olamide Wilson Fasakin
- Functional Foods, Nutraceuticals and Phytomedicine Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 704, Akure, 340001 Nigeria
| | - Ganiyu Oboh
- Functional Foods, Nutraceuticals and Phytomedicine Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 704, Akure, 340001 Nigeria
| | - Ayokunle Olubode Ademosun
- Functional Foods, Nutraceuticals and Phytomedicine Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 704, Akure, 340001 Nigeria
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14
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Velázquez-Ulloa NA, Heres-Pulido ME, Santos-Cruz LF, Durán-Díaz A, Castañeda-Partida L, Browning A, Carmona-Alvarado C, Estrada-Guzmán JC, Ferderer G, Garfias M, Gómez-Loza B, Magaña-Acosta MJ, Perry HH, Dueñas-García IE. Complex interactions between nicotine and resveratrol in the Drosophila melanogaster wing spot test. Heliyon 2022; 8:e09744. [PMID: 35770151 PMCID: PMC9234589 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Nicotine (NIC) and resveratrol (RES) are chemicals in tobacco and wine, respectively, that are widely consumed concurrently worldwide. NIC is an alkaloid known to be toxic, addictive and to produce oxidative stress, while RES is thought of as an antioxidant with putative health benefits. Oxidative stress can induce genotoxic damage, yet few studies have examined whether NIC is genotoxic in vivo. In vitro studies have shown that RES can ameliorate deleterious effects of NIC. However, RES has been reported to have both antioxidant and pro-oxidant effects, and an in vivo study reported that 0.011 mM RES was genotoxic. We used the Drosophila melanogaster wing spot test to determine whether NIC and RES, first individually and then in combination, were genotoxic and/or altered the cell division. We hypothesized that RES would modulate NIC’s effects. NIC was genotoxic in the standard (ST) cross in a concentration-independent manner, but not genotoxic in the high bioactivation (HB) cross. RES was not genotoxic in either the ST or HB cross at the concentrations tested. We discovered a complex interaction between NIC and RES. Depending on concentration, RES was protective of NIC’s genotoxic damage, RES had no interaction with NIC, or RES had an additive or synergistic effect, increasing NIC’s genotoxic damage. Most NIC, RES, and NIC/RES combinations tested altered the cell division in the ST and HB crosses. Because we used the ST and HB crosses, we demonstrated that genotoxicity and cell division alterations were modulated by the xenobiotic metabolism. These results provide evidence of NIC’s genotoxicity in vivo at specific concentrations. Moreover, NIC’s genotoxicity can be modulated by its interaction with RES in a complex manner, in which their interaction can lead to either increasing NIC’s damage or protecting against it. Nicotine was genotoxic at specific concentrations in the Drosophila wing spot test. Resveratrol protected against nicotine’s genotoxic effects at some concentrations. Resveratrol increased nicotine’s genotoxicity at specific concentrations. Nicotine and resveratrol have a complex interaction in vivo. Studying chemicals in combination in vivo may uncover unexpected interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - M E Heres-Pulido
- Genetic Toxicology Laboratory, Biology, FES Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico (UNAM), Los Barrios N 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, C.P. 54090, Tlalnepantla, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - L F Santos-Cruz
- Genetic Toxicology Laboratory, Biology, FES Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico (UNAM), Los Barrios N 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, C.P. 54090, Tlalnepantla, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - A Durán-Díaz
- Mathematics, Biology, FES Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico (UNAM), Los Barrios N 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, C.P. 54090, Tlalnepantla, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - L Castañeda-Partida
- Genetic Toxicology Laboratory, Biology, FES Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico (UNAM), Los Barrios N 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, C.P. 54090, Tlalnepantla, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - A Browning
- Biology Department, Lewis & Clark College, Portland, OR, USA
| | - C Carmona-Alvarado
- Genetic Toxicology Laboratory, Biology, FES Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico (UNAM), Los Barrios N 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, C.P. 54090, Tlalnepantla, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - J C Estrada-Guzmán
- Genetic Toxicology Laboratory, Biology, FES Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico (UNAM), Los Barrios N 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, C.P. 54090, Tlalnepantla, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - G Ferderer
- Biology Department, Lewis & Clark College, Portland, OR, USA
| | - M Garfias
- Biology Department, Lewis & Clark College, Portland, OR, USA.,Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - B Gómez-Loza
- Genetic Toxicology Laboratory, Biology, FES Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico (UNAM), Los Barrios N 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, C.P. 54090, Tlalnepantla, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - M J Magaña-Acosta
- Genetic Toxicology Laboratory, Biology, FES Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico (UNAM), Los Barrios N 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, C.P. 54090, Tlalnepantla, Estado de México, Mexico.,Department of Developmental Genetics & Molecular Physiology, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Av Universidad, 2001, Col Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - H H Perry
- Biology Department, Lewis & Clark College, Portland, OR, USA
| | - I E Dueñas-García
- Genetic Toxicology Laboratory, Biology, FES Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico (UNAM), Los Barrios N 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, C.P. 54090, Tlalnepantla, Estado de México, Mexico
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15
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Marko DM, Finch MS, Mohammad A, MacNeil AJ, Klentrou P, MacPherson REK. Post-Exercise Serum from Humans Influences the Biological Tug of War of APP Processing in Human Neuronal Cells. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 322:C614-C623. [PMID: 35196169 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00418.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) are becoming more prevalent in our aging society. One specific neuropathological hallmark of this disease is the accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides, which aggregate to form extra-neuronal plaques. Increased Aβ peptides are often observed well before symptoms of AD develop, highlighting the importance of targeting Aβ producing pathways early on in disease progression. Evidence indicates that exercise has the capacity to reduce Aβ peptide production in the brain however the mechanisms remain unknown. Exercise-induced signaling mediators could be the driving force behind some of the beneficial effects observed in the brain with exercise. The purpose of this study was to examine if post-exercise serum and the factors it contains can alter neuronal APP processing. Human SH-SY5Y neuronal cells were differentiated with retinoic acid for 5 days and treated with 10% pre- or post-exercise serum from humans for 30 minutes. Cells were collected for analysis of acute (30 minutes; n=6) or adaptive (24 hours post-treatment; n=6) responses. There were no statistical differences in ADAM10 and BACE1 mRNA or protein expression with post-exercise serum treatment at either time point. However, there was an increase in the ratio of sAPPa to sAPPβ protein content (p=0.05) after 30 minutes of post-exercise serum treatment. Additionally, 30 minutes of post-exercise serum treatment increased ADAM10 (p=0.01) and BACE1 (p=0.02) activity. These findings suggest that post-exercise serum modulates important enzymes involved in APP processing, pushing the cascade towards the non-amyloidogenic arm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel M Marko
- Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - Michael S Finch
- Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - Ahmad Mohammad
- Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - Adam J MacNeil
- Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - Panagiota Klentrou
- Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada.,Department of Kinesiology, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - Rebecca E K MacPherson
- Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada.,Centre for Neuroscience, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
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16
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D'Souza MS, Seeley SL, Emerson N, Rose-Malkamaki MJ, Ho SP, Tsai YC, Kuo H, Huan CY, Rorabaugh BR. Attenuation of nicotine-induced rewarding and antidepressant-like effects in male and female mice lacking regulator of G-protein signaling 2. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2022; 213:173338. [PMID: 35038444 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2022.173338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Nicotine-induced rewarding and mood altering effects contribute to the continued use of nicotine and the subsequent development of nicotine dependence. The goal of this study was to assess the role of two specific regulators of G-protein signaling (RGS) proteins namely RGS2 and RGS4 in the above described effects of nicotine. Male and female mice lacking either RGS2 (RGS2 KO) or RGS4 (RGS4 KO), and their respective wildtype (WT) littermates were used in this study. The rewarding effects of nicotine (0.5 mg/kg, base; s.c.) were assessed using the conditioned place preference model. Nicotine-induced anxiolytic-like (0.1 mg/kg, base; i.p.) and antidepressant-like (1 mg/kg, base; i.p.) effects were assessed using the elevated plus maze and tail suspension test, respectively. We also assessed effects of nicotine (0, 0.05, 0.1 & 0.5 mg/kg, base; s.c.) on spontaneous locomotor activity. Nicotine-induced rewarding and antidepressant-like effects were observed in both male and female RGS2 WT mice, but not in mice lacking RGS2 compared to respective controls. In contrast, nicotine-induced rewarding and antidepressant-like effects were observed in both male and female mice lacking RGS4 and their WT littermates. Interestingly, deletion of RGS4 facilitated antidepressant-like effect of nicotine in male, but not female mice compared to respective WT littermates. Nicotine-induced anxiolytic-like effect was not influenced by deletion of either RGS2 or RGS4, irrespective of sex. Nicotine (0.5 mg/kg) decreased locomotor activity in both WT and KO mice compared to respective saline, irrespective of genotype and sex. Taken together, these data provide evidence that RGS2, but not RGS4, plays a role in mediating the rewarding and antidepressant-like effects of nicotine. Further research is required to explore the role of RGS2 after chronic exposure to nicotine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoranjan S D'Souza
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, The Raabe College of Pharmacy, Ohio Northern University, 525 S Main Street, Ada, OH 45810, United States.
| | - Sarah L Seeley
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, The Raabe College of Pharmacy, Ohio Northern University, 525 S Main Street, Ada, OH 45810, United States
| | - Nate Emerson
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, The Raabe College of Pharmacy, Ohio Northern University, 525 S Main Street, Ada, OH 45810, United States
| | - Madison J Rose-Malkamaki
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, The Raabe College of Pharmacy, Ohio Northern University, 525 S Main Street, Ada, OH 45810, United States
| | - Sheng-Ping Ho
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, The Raabe College of Pharmacy, Ohio Northern University, 525 S Main Street, Ada, OH 45810, United States
| | - Yi-Chih Tsai
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, The Raabe College of Pharmacy, Ohio Northern University, 525 S Main Street, Ada, OH 45810, United States
| | - Henry Kuo
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, The Raabe College of Pharmacy, Ohio Northern University, 525 S Main Street, Ada, OH 45810, United States
| | - Ching-Yu Huan
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, The Raabe College of Pharmacy, Ohio Northern University, 525 S Main Street, Ada, OH 45810, United States
| | - Boyd R Rorabaugh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Marshall University, 1 John Marshall Drive, Huntington, WV 25755, United States
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17
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Animal models are critical to improve our understanding of the neuronal mechanisms underlying nicotine withdrawal. Nicotine dependence in rodents can be established by repeated nicotine injections, chronic nicotine infusion via osmotic minipumps, oral nicotine intake, tobacco smoke exposure, nicotine vapor exposure, and e-cigarette aerosol exposure. The time course of nicotine withdrawal symptoms associated with these methods has not been reviewed in the literature. AIM The goal of this review is to discuss nicotine withdrawal symptoms associated with the cessation of nicotine, tobacco smoke, nicotine vapor, and e-cigarette aerosol exposure in rats and mice. Furthermore, age and sex differences in nicotine withdrawal symptoms are reviewed. RESULTS Cessation of nicotine, tobacco smoke, nicotine vapor, and e-cigarette aerosol exposure leads to nicotine withdrawal symptoms such as somatic withdrawal signs, changes in locomotor activity, anxiety- and depressive-like behavior, learning and memory deficits, attention deficits, hyperalgesia, and dysphoria. These withdrawal symptoms are most pronounced within the first week after cessation of nicotine exposure. Anxiety- and depressive-like behavior, and deficits in learning and memory may persist for several months. Adolescent (4-6 weeks old) rats and mice display fewer nicotine withdrawal symptoms than adults (>8 weeks old). In adult rats and mice, females show fewer nicotine withdrawal symptoms than males. The smoking cessation drugs bupropion and varenicline reduce nicotine withdrawal symptoms in rodents. CONCLUSION The nicotine withdrawal symptoms that are observed in rodents are similar to those observed in humans. Tobacco smoke and e-cigarette aerosol contain chemicals and added flavors that enhance the reinforcing properties of nicotine. Therefore, more valid animal models of tobacco and e-cigarette use need to be developed by using tobacco smoke and e-cigarette aerosol exposure methods to induce dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Azin Behnood-Rod
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
| | | | - Ryann Wilson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
| | - Vijayapandi Pandy
- Department of Pharmacology, Chalapathi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guntur, India
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18
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Electronic Nicotine Vapor Exposure Produces Differential Changes in Central Amygdala Neuronal Activity, Thermoregulation and Locomotor Behavior in Male Mice. eNeuro 2021; 8:ENEURO.0189-21.2021. [PMID: 34321216 PMCID: PMC8362686 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0189-21.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Nicotine is an addictive substance historically consumed through smoking and more recently through the use of electronic vapor devices. The increasing prevalence and popularity of vaping prompts the need for preclinical rodent models of nicotine vapor exposure and an improved understanding of the impact of vaping on specific brain regions, bodily functions, and behaviors. We used a rodent model of electronic nicotine vapor exposure to examine the cellular and behavioral consequences of acute and repeated vapor exposure. Adult male C57BL/6J mice were exposed to a single 3-h session (acute exposure) or five daily sessions (repeated exposure) of intermittent vapes of 120 mg/ml nicotine in propylene glycol:vegetable glycerol (PG/VG) or PG/VG control. Acute and repeated nicotine vapor exposure did not alter body weight, and both exposure paradigms produced pharmacologically significant serum nicotine and cotinine levels in the 120 mg/ml nicotine group compared with PG/VG controls. Acute exposure to electronic nicotine vapor increased central amygdala (CeA) activity in individual neuronal firing and in expression of the molecular activity marker, cFos. The changes in neuronal activity following acute exposure were not observed following repeated exposure. Acute and repeated nicotine vapor exposure decreased core body temperature, however acute exposure decreased locomotion while repeated exposure increased locomotion. Collectively, these studies provide validation of a mouse model of nicotine vapor exposure and important evidence for how exposure to electronic nicotine vapor produces differential effects on CeA neuronal activity and on specific body functions and behaviors like thermoregulation and locomotion.
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19
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Nguyen C, Mondoloni S, Le Borgne T, Centeno I, Come M, Jehl J, Solié C, Reynolds LM, Durand-de Cuttoli R, Tolu S, Valverde S, Didienne S, Hannesse B, Fiancette JF, Pons S, Maskos U, Deroche-Gamonet V, Dalkara D, Hardelin JP, Mourot A, Marti F, Faure P. Nicotine inhibits the VTA-to-amygdala dopamine pathway to promote anxiety. Neuron 2021; 109:2604-2615.e9. [PMID: 34242565 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2021.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Nicotine stimulates dopamine (DA) neurons of the ventral tegmental area (VTA) to establish and maintain reinforcement. Nicotine also induces anxiety through an as yet unknown circuitry. We found that nicotine injection drives opposite functional responses of two distinct populations of VTA DA neurons with anatomically segregated projections: it activates neurons that project to the nucleus accumbens (NAc), whereas it inhibits neurons that project to the amygdala nuclei (Amg). We further show that nicotine mediates anxiety-like behavior by acting on β2-subunit-containing nicotinic acetylcholine receptors of the VTA. Finally, using optogenetics, we bidirectionally manipulate the VTA-NAc and VTA-Amg pathways to dissociate their contributions to anxiety-like behavior. We show that inhibition of VTA-Amg DA neurons mediates anxiety-like behavior, while their activation prevents the anxiogenic effects of nicotine. These distinct subpopulations of VTA DA neurons with opposite responses to nicotine may differentially drive the anxiogenic and the reinforcing effects of nicotine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Nguyen
- ESPCI, Laboratoire de plasticité du cerveau UMR8249, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75005 Paris, France; Sorbonne Université, Inserm, UMR8246 CNRS, Neuroscience Paris Seine - IBPS, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Sarah Mondoloni
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, UMR8246 CNRS, Neuroscience Paris Seine - IBPS, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Tinaïg Le Borgne
- ESPCI, Laboratoire de plasticité du cerveau UMR8249, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75005 Paris, France; Sorbonne Université, Inserm, UMR8246 CNRS, Neuroscience Paris Seine - IBPS, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Ines Centeno
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, UMR8246 CNRS, Neuroscience Paris Seine - IBPS, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Maxime Come
- ESPCI, Laboratoire de plasticité du cerveau UMR8249, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75005 Paris, France; Sorbonne Université, Inserm, UMR8246 CNRS, Neuroscience Paris Seine - IBPS, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Joachim Jehl
- ESPCI, Laboratoire de plasticité du cerveau UMR8249, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75005 Paris, France; Sorbonne Université, Inserm, UMR8246 CNRS, Neuroscience Paris Seine - IBPS, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Clément Solié
- ESPCI, Laboratoire de plasticité du cerveau UMR8249, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75005 Paris, France; Sorbonne Université, Inserm, UMR8246 CNRS, Neuroscience Paris Seine - IBPS, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Lauren M Reynolds
- ESPCI, Laboratoire de plasticité du cerveau UMR8249, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75005 Paris, France; Sorbonne Université, Inserm, UMR8246 CNRS, Neuroscience Paris Seine - IBPS, 75005 Paris, France
| | | | - Stefania Tolu
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, UMR8246 CNRS, Neuroscience Paris Seine - IBPS, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Sébastien Valverde
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, UMR8246 CNRS, Neuroscience Paris Seine - IBPS, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Steve Didienne
- ESPCI, Laboratoire de plasticité du cerveau UMR8249, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75005 Paris, France; Sorbonne Université, Inserm, UMR8246 CNRS, Neuroscience Paris Seine - IBPS, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Bernadette Hannesse
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, UMR8246 CNRS, Neuroscience Paris Seine - IBPS, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Jean-François Fiancette
- Neurocentre Magendie, Inserm U1215, Université de Bordeaux, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33077 Bordeaux, France
| | - Stéphanie Pons
- Institut Pasteur, Unité Neurobiologie intégrative des systèmes cholinergiques, Département de neuroscience, 75724 Paris Cedex, France
| | - Uwe Maskos
- Institut Pasteur, Unité Neurobiologie intégrative des systèmes cholinergiques, Département de neuroscience, 75724 Paris Cedex, France
| | - Véronique Deroche-Gamonet
- Neurocentre Magendie, Inserm U1215, Université de Bordeaux, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33077 Bordeaux, France
| | - Deniz Dalkara
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Hardelin
- ESPCI, Laboratoire de plasticité du cerveau UMR8249, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75005 Paris, France; Sorbonne Université, Inserm, UMR8246 CNRS, Neuroscience Paris Seine - IBPS, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Alexandre Mourot
- ESPCI, Laboratoire de plasticité du cerveau UMR8249, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75005 Paris, France; Sorbonne Université, Inserm, UMR8246 CNRS, Neuroscience Paris Seine - IBPS, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Fabio Marti
- ESPCI, Laboratoire de plasticité du cerveau UMR8249, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75005 Paris, France; Sorbonne Université, Inserm, UMR8246 CNRS, Neuroscience Paris Seine - IBPS, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - Philippe Faure
- ESPCI, Laboratoire de plasticité du cerveau UMR8249, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75005 Paris, France; Sorbonne Université, Inserm, UMR8246 CNRS, Neuroscience Paris Seine - IBPS, 75005 Paris, France.
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20
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Arias HR, Targowska-Duda KM, García-Colunga J, Ortells MO. Is the Antidepressant Activity of Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors Mediated by Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors? Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26082149. [PMID: 33917953 PMCID: PMC8068400 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26082149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
It is generally assumed that selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) induce antidepressant activity by inhibiting serotonin (5-HT) reuptake transporters, thus elevating synaptic 5-HT levels and, finally, ameliorates depression symptoms. New evidence indicates that SSRIs may also modulate other neurotransmitter systems by inhibiting neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), which are recognized as important in mood regulation. There is a clear and strong association between major depression and smoking, where depressed patients smoke twice as much as the normal population. However, SSRIs are not efficient for smoking cessation therapy. In patients with major depressive disorder, there is a lower availability of functional nAChRs, although their amount is not altered, which is possibly caused by higher endogenous ACh levels, which consequently induce nAChR desensitization. Other neurotransmitter systems have also emerged as possible targets for SSRIs. Studies on dorsal raphe nucleus serotoninergic neurons support the concept that SSRI-induced nAChR inhibition decreases the glutamatergic hyperstimulation observed in stress conditions, which compensates the excessive 5-HT overflow in these neurons and, consequently, ameliorates depression symptoms. At the molecular level, SSRIs inhibit different nAChR subtypes by noncompetitive mechanisms, including ion channel blockade and induction of receptor desensitization, whereas α9α10 nAChRs, which are peripherally expressed and not directly involved in depression, are inhibited by competitive mechanisms. According to the functional and structural results, SSRIs bind within the nAChR ion channel at high-affinity sites that are spread out between serine and valine rings. In conclusion, SSRI-induced inhibition of a variety of nAChRs expressed in different neurotransmitter systems widens the complexity by which these antidepressants may act clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo R. Arias
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Oklahoma State University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Tahlequah, OK 74464, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-918-525-6324; Fax: +1-918-280-2515
| | | | - Jesús García-Colunga
- Departamento de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Neurobiología, Campus Juriquilla, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro 76230, Mexico;
| | - Marcelo O. Ortells
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Morón, CONICET, Morón 1708, Argentina;
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21
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Liu Y, Xia J, McKay J, Tsavachidis S, Xiao X, Spitz MR, Cheng C, Byun J, Hong W, Li Y, Zhu D, Song Z, Rosenberg SM, Scheurer ME, Kheradmand F, Pikielny CW, Lusk CM, Schwartz AG, Wistuba II, Cho MH, Silverman EK, Bailey-Wilson J, Pinney SM, Anderson M, Kupert E, Gaba C, Mandal D, You M, de Andrade M, Yang P, Liloglou T, Davies MPA, Lissowska J, Swiatkowska B, Zaridze D, Mukeria A, Janout V, Holcatova I, Mates D, Stojsic J, Scelo G, Brennan P, Liu G, Field JK, Hung RJ, Christiani DC, Amos CI. Rare deleterious germline variants and risk of lung cancer. NPJ Precis Oncol 2021; 5:12. [PMID: 33594163 PMCID: PMC7887261 DOI: 10.1038/s41698-021-00146-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies suggest that rare variants exhibit stronger effect sizes and might play a crucial role in the etiology of lung cancers (LC). Whole exome plus targeted sequencing of germline DNA was performed on 1045 LC cases and 885 controls in the discovery set. To unveil the inherited causal variants, we focused on rare and predicted deleterious variants and small indels enriched in cases or controls. Promising candidates were further validated in a series of 26,803 LCs and 555,107 controls. During discovery, we identified 25 rare deleterious variants associated with LC susceptibility, including 13 reported in ClinVar. Of the five validated candidates, we discovered two pathogenic variants in known LC susceptibility loci, ATM p.V2716A (Odds Ratio [OR] 19.55, 95%CI 5.04-75.6) and MPZL2 p.I24M frameshift deletion (OR 3.88, 95%CI 1.71-8.8); and three in novel LC susceptibility genes, POMC c.*28delT at 3' UTR (OR 4.33, 95%CI 2.03-9.24), STAU2 p.N364M frameshift deletion (OR 4.48, 95%CI 1.73-11.55), and MLNR p.Q334V frameshift deletion (OR 2.69, 95%CI 1.33-5.43). The potential cancer-promoting role of selected candidate genes and variants was further supported by endogenous DNA damage assays. Our analyses led to the identification of new rare deleterious variants with LC susceptibility. However, in-depth mechanistic studies are still needed to evaluate the pathogenic effects of these specific alleles.
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Grants
- R01 CA060691 NCI NIH HHS
- U19 CA203654 NCI NIH HHS
- R01 CA084354 NCI NIH HHS
- R01 HL110883 NHLBI NIH HHS
- U01 CA076293 NCI NIH HHS
- R01 CA080127 NCI NIH HHS
- R01 CA141769 NCI NIH HHS
- P30 ES006096 NIEHS NIH HHS
- P50 CA090578 NCI NIH HHS
- P30 CA022453 NCI NIH HHS
- S10 RR024574 NCRR NIH HHS
- HHSN261201300011C NCI NIH HHS
- R01 CA134682 NCI NIH HHS
- R01 CA134433 NCI NIH HHS
- R01 HL113264 NHLBI NIH HHS
- R01 HL082487 NHLBI NIH HHS
- R01 CA250905 NCI NIH HHS
- U19 CA148127 NCI NIH HHS
- P20 GM103534 NIGMS NIH HHS
- R01 CA092824 NCI NIH HHS
- R01 CA087895 NCI NIH HHS
- U01 HL089897 NHLBI NIH HHS
- K07 CA181480 NCI NIH HHS
- HHSN268201100011I NHLBI NIH HHS
- HHSN268201100011C NHLBI NIH HHS
- R01 CA127219 NCI NIH HHS
- R01 CA074386 NCI NIH HHS
- P30 CA023108 NCI NIH HHS
- U01 HL089856 NHLBI NIH HHS
- P30 ES030285 NIEHS NIH HHS
- P30 CA125123 NCI NIH HHS
- DP1 AG072751 NIA NIH HHS
- U01 CA243483 NCI NIH HHS
- HHSN268200782096C NHLBI NIH HHS
- HHSN268201200007C NHLBI NIH HHS
- N01HG65404 NHGRI NIH HHS
- R35 GM122598 NIGMS NIH HHS
- U01 CA209414 NCI NIH HHS
- R03 CA077118 NCI NIH HHS
- 001 World Health Organization
- DP1 CA174424 NCI NIH HHS
- This work was supported by grants from the National Institutes of Health (R01CA127219, R01CA141769, R01CA060691, R01CA87895, R01CA80127, R01CA84354, R01CA134682, R01CA134433, R01CA074386, R01CA092824, R01CA250905, R01HL113264, R01HL082487, R01HL110883, R03CA77118, P20GM103534, P30CA125123, P30CA023108, P30CA022453, P30ES006096, P50CA090578, U01CA243483, U01HL089856, U01HL089897, U01CA76293, U19CA148127, U01CA209414, K07CA181480, N01-HG-65404, HHSN268200782096C, HHSN261201300011I, HHSN268201100011, HHSN268201 200007C, DP1-CA174424, DP1-AG072751, CA125123, RR024574, Intramural Research Program of the National Human Genome Research Institute (JEB-W), and Herrick Foundation. Dr. Amos is an Established Research Scholar of the Cancer Prevention Research Institute of Texas (RR170048). We also want to acknowledge the Cytometry and Cell Sorting Core support by the Cancer Prevention and Research Institute of Texas Core Facility (RP180672). At Toronto, the study is supported by The Canadian Cancer Society Research Institute (# 020214) to R. H., Ontario Institute for Cancer Research to R. H, and the Alan Brown Chair to G. L. and Lusi Wong Programs at the Princess Margaret Hospital Foundation. The Liverpool Lung Project is supported by Roy Castle Lung Cancer Foundation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Liu
- Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jun Xia
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - James McKay
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Spiridon Tsavachidis
- Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xiangjun Xiao
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Margaret R Spitz
- Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Chao Cheng
- Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jinyoung Byun
- Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Wei Hong
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yafang Li
- Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Dakai Zhu
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Zhuoyi Song
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Susan M Rosenberg
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Michael E Scheurer
- Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Farrah Kheradmand
- Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Claudio W Pikielny
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Christine M Lusk
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Ann G Schwartz
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Ignacio I Wistuba
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Michael H Cho
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Edwin K Silverman
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Susan M Pinney
- University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | | | - Elena Kupert
- University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Colette Gaba
- The University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Diptasri Mandal
- Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Ming You
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | | | - Ping Yang
- Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
| | - Triantafillos Liloglou
- Roy Castle Lung Cancer Research Programme, The University of Liverpool, Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Michael P A Davies
- Roy Castle Lung Cancer Research Programme, The University of Liverpool, Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Jolanta Lissowska
- M. Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Beata Swiatkowska
- Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Department of Environmental Epidemiology, Lodz, Poland
| | - David Zaridze
- Russian N.N. Blokhin Cancer Research Centre, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Anush Mukeria
- Russian N.N. Blokhin Cancer Research Centre, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Vladimir Janout
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Ivana Holcatova
- Institute of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Charles University, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Dana Mates
- National Institute of Public Health, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Jelena Stojsic
- Department of Thoracopulmonary Pathology, Service of Pathology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Paul Brennan
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Geoffrey Liu
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - John K Field
- Roy Castle Lung Cancer Research Programme, The University of Liverpool, Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Rayjean J Hung
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Christopher I Amos
- Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
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22
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Sagheddu C, Torres LH, Marcourakis T, Pistis M. Endocannabinoid-Like Lipid Neuromodulators in the Regulation of Dopamine Signaling: Relevance for Drug Addiction. Front Synaptic Neurosci 2021; 12:588660. [PMID: 33424577 PMCID: PMC7786397 DOI: 10.3389/fnsyn.2020.588660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The family of lipid neuromodulators has been rapidly growing, as the use of different -omics techniques led to the discovery of a large number of naturally occurring N-acylethanolamines (NAEs) and N-acyl amino acids belonging to the complex lipid signaling system termed endocannabinoidome. These molecules exert a variety of biological activities in the central nervous system, as they modulate physiological processes in neurons and glial cells and are involved in the pathophysiology of neurological and psychiatric disorders. Their effects on dopamine cells have attracted attention, as dysfunctions of dopamine systems characterize a range of psychiatric disorders, i.e., schizophrenia and substance use disorders (SUD). While canonical endocannabinoids are known to regulate excitatory and inhibitory synaptic inputs impinging on dopamine cells and modulate several dopamine-mediated behaviors, such as reward and addiction, the effects of other lipid neuromodulators are far less clear. Here, we review the emerging role of endocannabinoid-like neuromodulators in dopamine signaling, with a focus on non-cannabinoid N-acylethanolamines and their receptors. Mounting evidence suggests that these neuromodulators contribute to modulate synaptic transmission in dopamine regions and might represent a target for novel medications in alcohol and nicotine use disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Sagheddu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Division of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Larissa Helena Torres
- Department of Food and Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, Brazil
| | - Tania Marcourakis
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marco Pistis
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Division of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.,Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Section of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
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23
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DeVito EE, Jensen KP, O'Malley SS, Gueorguieva R, Krishnan-Sarin S, Valentine G, Jatlow PI, Sofuoglu M. Modulation of "Protective" Nicotine Perception and Use Profile by Flavorants: Preliminary Findings in E-cigarettes. Nicotine Tob Res 2020; 22:771-781. [PMID: 30995302 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntz057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Characterizing flavors are widely available in e-cigarettes and motivate initiation and continued use. Flavors may enhance appeal and facilitate development of addiction to tobacco products through modulation of tobacco products' reinforcing or aversive actions. Palatable flavors (eg, fruit) may increase appeal through primary reinforcing properties. Menthol's cooling and anesthetic effects may increase appeal by counteracting nicotine's aversive effects. Genetics provide a method for modeling individual differences in sensitivity to nicotine's effects. A common polymorphism, rs16969968, encoded in the α5 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunit gene (CHRNA5), is a well-recognized marker for smoking risk and reduces sensitivity to nicotine aversiveness. METHODS This pilot study tested how flavors impacted e-cigarette appeal and self-administration. In a single testing day, cigarette smokers (N = 32; 94% menthol-smokers) self-administered e-cigarettes containing e-liquids differing in nicotine level (0 mg/mL, 24 mg/mL) and flavor (unflavored, menthol, fruit-flavored) within directed and ad libitum e-cigarette paradigms. Subjective drug effects, number of puffs, rs16969968 genotype, plasma nicotine, and menthol glucuronide levels were collected. RESULTS Menthol partially ameliorated nicotine aversiveness; fruit did not. In nicotine's absence, fruit flavor increased self-reported preference and ad libitum use relative to menthol-containing or unflavored e-liquids. Individuals with high-smoking-risk rs16969968 genotype (N = 7) reported greater craving alleviation following directed administration of nicotine-containing e-liquids, showed a trend rating nicotine-containing e-liquids as less harsh, and self-administered more nicotine during ad libitum compared to individuals with low-smoking-risk genotype (N = 23). CONCLUSIONS While menthol countered aversiveness of nicotine-containing e-liquids, fruit flavor increased appeal of nicotine-free e-liquids. These preliminary findings suggest menthol and fruit flavor increase e-cigarettes' appeal through distinct mechanisms. IMPLICATIONS This study provides a detailed characterization of the effects of flavors (unflavored, menthol, fruit), nicotine (0 mg/mL, 24 mg/mL) and their interactions on the subjective drug effects and ad libitum self-administration of e-cigarettes. Genetics were used to assess these effects in higher-smoking-risk (diminished sensitivity to nicotine aversiveness) and lower-risk groups. Findings could inform impact of regulation of flavors or nicotine in e-cigarettes, and their impacts on vulnerable sub-populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise E DeVito
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Kevin P Jensen
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT.,VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT
| | | | - Ralitza Gueorguieva
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT.,Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT
| | | | - Gerald Valentine
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT.,VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT
| | - Peter I Jatlow
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Mehmet Sofuoglu
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT.,VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT
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24
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Parise LF, Sial OK, Warren BL, Sattler CR, Duperrouzel JC, Parise EM, Bolaños-Guzmán CA. Nicotine treatment buffers negative behavioral consequences induced by exposure to physical and emotional stress in adolescent male mice. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2020; 237:3125-3137. [PMID: 32594187 PMCID: PMC7819755 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-020-05598-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Early life stress influences adult psychopathology and is associated with an increase in the propensity for drug use/seeking throughout the lifespan. Animal models corroborate that stress exposure exacerbates maladaptive reactivity to stressful stimuli while also shifting the rewarding properties of many drugs of abuse, including nicotine (NIC), a stimulant commonly misused by adolescents. Interestingly, NIC treatment can also normalize some stress-induced behavioral deficits in adult rodents; however, little is known about NIC's therapeutic efficacy following stress experienced during adolescence. The goal of the following experiments was to elucidate NIC's ability to buffer the negative consequences of stress exposure, and to further assess behavioral responsivity while on the drug. Given that stress often occurs in both physical and non-physical forms, we employed the vicarious social defeat stress (VSDS) model which allows for investigation of both physical (PS) and emotional stress (ES) exposure. After 10 days, exposure to PS and ES decreased interaction with a social target in the social interaction test (SIT), confirming social avoidance. Groups were further divided and given NIC (0.0 or 160 mg/L) in their drinking water. After 1 month of NIC consumption, the mice were exposed to the SIT, elevated plus maze (EPM), and the forced swim test (FST), respectively. NIC-treated mice showed a reversal of stress-induced deficits in the EPM and FST. Surprisingly, the mice did not show improvement in the SIT regardless of treatment condition. Together, these data confirm NIC's ability to normalize some stress-induced behavioral deficits; however, NIC's effects on social behavior need further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyonna F Parise
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Texas A&M University, 4325 TAMU, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
- Fishberg Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai. 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Omar K Sial
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Texas A&M University, 4325 TAMU, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Brandon L Warren
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Department of Pharmacy, University of Florida, 1345 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Carley R Sattler
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Texas A&M University, 4325 TAMU, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Jacqueline C Duperrouzel
- Department of Psychology, Florida International University, 11200 S.W. 8th St., Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Eric M Parise
- Fishberg Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai. 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Carlos A Bolaños-Guzmán
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Texas A&M University, 4325 TAMU, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
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25
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McClintock TS, Khan N, Alimova Y, Aulisio M, Han DY, Breheny P. Encoding the Odor of Cigarette Smoke. J Neurosci 2020; 40:7043-7053. [PMID: 32801155 PMCID: PMC7480249 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1144-20.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The encoding of odors is believed to begin as a combinatorial code consisting of distinct patterns of responses from odorant receptors (ORs), trace-amine associated receptors (TAARs), or both. To determine how specific response patterns arise requires detecting patterns in vivo and understanding how the components of an odor, which are nearly always mixtures of odorants, give rise to parts of the pattern. Cigarette smoke, a common and clinically relevant odor consisting of >400 odorants, evokes responses from 144 ORs and 3 TAARs in freely behaving male and female mice, the first example of in vivo responses of both ORs and TAARs to an odor. As expected, a simplified artificial mimic of cigarette smoke odor tested at low concentration to identify highly sensitive receptors evokes responses from four ORs, all also responsive to cigarette smoke. Human subjects of either sex identify 1-pentanethiol as the odorant most critical for perception of the artificial mimic; and in mice the OR response patterns to these two odors are significantly similar. Fifty-eight ORs respond to the headspace above 25% 1-pentanethiol, including 9 ORs responsive to cigarette smoke. The response patterns to both cigarette smoke and 1-pentanethiol have strongly responsive ORs spread widely across OR sequence diversity, consistent with most other combinatorial codes previously measured in vivo The encoding of cigarette smoke is accomplished by a broad receptor response pattern, and 1-pentanethiol is responsible for a small subset of the responsive ORs in this combinatorial code.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Complex odors are usually perceived as distinct odor objects. Cigarette smoke is the first complex odor whose in vivo receptor response pattern has been measured. It is also the first pattern shown to include responses from both odorant receptors and trace-amine associated receptors, confirming that the encoding of complex odors can be enriched by signals coming through both families of receptors. Measures of human perception and mouse receptor physiology agree that 1-pentanethiol is a critical component of a simplified odorant mixture designed to mimic cigarette smoke odor. Its receptor response pattern helps to link those of the artificial mimic and real cigarette smoke, consistent with expectations about perceptual similarity arising from shared elements in receptor response patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Naazneen Khan
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536
| | - Yelena Alimova
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536
| | - Madeline Aulisio
- College of Public Health, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536
| | - Dong Y Han
- Department of Neurology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536
| | - Patrick Breheny
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242
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26
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Abstract
The encoding of odors is believed to begin as a combinatorial code consisting of distinct patterns of responses from odorant receptors (ORs), trace-amine associated receptors (TAARs), or both. To determine how specific response patterns arise requires detecting patterns in vivo and understanding how the components of an odor, which are nearly always mixtures of odorants, give rise to parts of the pattern. Cigarette smoke, a common and clinically relevant odor consisting of >400 odorants, evokes responses from 144 ORs and 3 TAARs in freely behaving male and female mice, the first example of in vivo responses of both ORs and TAARs to an odor. As expected, a simplified artificial mimic of cigarette smoke odor tested at low concentration to identify highly sensitive receptors evokes responses from four ORs, all also responsive to cigarette smoke. Human subjects of either sex identify 1-pentanethiol as the odorant most critical for perception of the artificial mimic; and in mice the OR response patterns to these two odors are significantly similar. Fifty-eight ORs respond to the headspace above 25% 1-pentanethiol, including 9 ORs responsive to cigarette smoke. The response patterns to both cigarette smoke and 1-pentanethiol have strongly responsive ORs spread widely across OR sequence diversity, consistent with most other combinatorial codes previously measured in vivo The encoding of cigarette smoke is accomplished by a broad receptor response pattern, and 1-pentanethiol is responsible for a small subset of the responsive ORs in this combinatorial code.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Complex odors are usually perceived as distinct odor objects. Cigarette smoke is the first complex odor whose in vivo receptor response pattern has been measured. It is also the first pattern shown to include responses from both odorant receptors and trace-amine associated receptors, confirming that the encoding of complex odors can be enriched by signals coming through both families of receptors. Measures of human perception and mouse receptor physiology agree that 1-pentanethiol is a critical component of a simplified odorant mixture designed to mimic cigarette smoke odor. Its receptor response pattern helps to link those of the artificial mimic and real cigarette smoke, consistent with expectations about perceptual similarity arising from shared elements in receptor response patterns.
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27
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Proposal for smoke-free public housing: a systematic review of attitudes and preferences from residents of multi-unit housing. J Public Health Policy 2020; 41:496-514. [PMID: 32620837 DOI: 10.1057/s41271-020-00236-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A policy proposal to ban public housing smoking indoors has received support, but it is unclear how certain affected groups, specifically smokers in housing units, perceive such a policy. To review the literature on attitudes and perceptions of housing unit tenants towards an indoor smoke-free housing policy, using various databases, we searched articles for attitudes towards smoking ban enforcement in housing units. We identified fourteen articles. Non-smokers heavily favored indoor policies and current smokers heavily opposed them. Current smokers represented a substantial minority in the reviewed articles, resulting in overall outcomes of the surveys driven by non-smokers. Studies investigating attitudes about housing smoking bans largely represent the views of non-smokers and lack data about barriers and concerns of tenants who do not support a smoke-free policy. Future studies should investigate if such a discrepancy impacts the efficacy of smoke-free housing policies.
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28
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Crummy EA, O'Neal TJ, Baskin BM, Ferguson SM. One Is Not Enough: Understanding and Modeling Polysubstance Use. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:569. [PMID: 32612502 PMCID: PMC7309369 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Substance use disorder (SUD) is a chronic, relapsing disease with a highly multifaceted pathology that includes (but is not limited to) sensitivity to drug-associated cues, negative affect, and motivation to maintain drug consumption. SUDs are highly prevalent, with 35 million people meeting criteria for SUD. While drug use and addiction are highly studied, most investigations of SUDs examine drug use in isolation, rather than in the more prevalent context of comorbid substance histories. Indeed, 11.3% of individuals diagnosed with a SUD have concurrent alcohol and illicit drug use disorders. Furthermore, having a SUD with one substance increases susceptibility to developing dependence on additional substances. For example, the increased risk of developing heroin dependence is twofold for alcohol misusers, threefold for cannabis users, 15-fold for cocaine users, and 40-fold for prescription misusers. Given the prevalence and risk associated with polysubstance use and current public health crises, examining these disorders through the lens of co-use is essential for translatability and improved treatment efficacy. The escalating economic and social costs and continued rise in drug use has spurred interest in developing preclinical models that effectively model this phenomenon. Here, we review the current state of the field in understanding the behavioral and neural circuitry in the context of co-use with common pairings of alcohol, nicotine, cannabis, and other addictive substances. Moreover, we outline key considerations when developing polysubstance models, including challenges to developing preclinical models to provide insights and improve treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Crummy
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States.,Center for Neurobiology of Addiction, Pain, and Emotion, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States.,Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Timothy J O'Neal
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States.,Center for Neurobiology of Addiction, Pain, and Emotion, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States.,Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Britahny M Baskin
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States.,Center for Neurobiology of Addiction, Pain, and Emotion, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States.,Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Susan M Ferguson
- Center for Neurobiology of Addiction, Pain, and Emotion, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States.,Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States.,Alcohol and Drug Abuse Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
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Wang KS, Zegel M, Molokotos E, Moran LV, Olson DP, Pizzagalli DA, Janes AC. The acute effects of nicotine on corticostriatal responses to distinct phases of reward processing. Neuropsychopharmacology 2020; 45:1207-1214. [PMID: 31931509 PMCID: PMC7235267 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-020-0611-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Nicotine enhances the reinforcement of non-drug rewards by increasing nucleus accumbens (NAcc) reactivity to anticipatory cues. This anticipatory effect is selective as no clear evidence has emerged showing that nicotine acutely changes reward receipt reactivity. However, repeated rewarding experiences shift peak brain reactivity from hedonic reward outcome to the motivational anticipatory cue yielding more habitual cue-induced behavior. Given nicotine's influence on NAcc reactivity and connectivity, it is plausible that nicotine acutely induces this shift and alters NAcc functional connectivity during reward processing. To evaluate this currently untested hypothesis, a randomized crossover design was used in which healthy non-smokers were administered placebo and nicotine (2-mg lozenge). Brain activation to monetary reward anticipation and outcome was evaluated with functional magnetic resonance imaging. Relative to placebo, nicotine induced more NAcc reactivity to reward anticipation. Greater NAcc activation during anticipation was significantly associated with lower NAcc activation to outcome. During outcome, nicotine reduced NAcc functional connectivity with cortical regions including the anterior cingulate cortex, orbitofrontal cortex, and insula. These regions showed the same negative relationship between reward anticipation and outcome as noted in the NAcc. The current findings significantly improve our understanding of how nicotine changes corticostriatal circuit function and communication during distinct phases of reward processing and critically show that these alterations happen acutely following a single dose. The implications of this work explain nicotinic modulation of general reward function, which offer insights into the initial drive to smoke and the subsequent difficulty in cessation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kainan S. Wang
- 0000 0000 8795 072Xgrid.240206.2McLean Imaging Center, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA USA ,000000041936754Xgrid.38142.3cHarvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Maya Zegel
- 0000 0000 8795 072Xgrid.240206.2McLean Imaging Center, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA USA
| | - Elena Molokotos
- 0000 0000 8795 072Xgrid.240206.2McLean Imaging Center, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA USA ,0000 0001 0684 8852grid.264352.4Department of Psychology, Suffolk University, Boston, MA USA
| | - Lauren V. Moran
- 0000 0000 8795 072Xgrid.240206.2McLean Imaging Center, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA USA ,000000041936754Xgrid.38142.3cHarvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - David P. Olson
- 0000 0000 8795 072Xgrid.240206.2McLean Imaging Center, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA USA ,000000041936754Xgrid.38142.3cHarvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Diego A. Pizzagalli
- 0000 0000 8795 072Xgrid.240206.2McLean Imaging Center, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA USA ,000000041936754Xgrid.38142.3cHarvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Amy C. Janes
- 0000 0000 8795 072Xgrid.240206.2McLean Imaging Center, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA USA ,000000041936754Xgrid.38142.3cHarvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
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Papke RL, Lindstrom JM. Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors: Conventional and unconventional ligands and signaling. Neuropharmacology 2020; 168:108021. [PMID: 32146229 PMCID: PMC7610230 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2020.108021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Postsynaptic nAChRs in the peripheral nervous system are critical for neuromuscular and autonomic neurotransmission. Pre- and peri-synaptic nAChRs in the brain modulate neurotransmission and are responsible for the addictive effects of nicotine. Subtypes of nAChRs in lymphocytes and non-synaptic locations may modulate inflammation and other cellular functions. All AChRs that function as ligand-gated ion channels are formed from five homologous subunits organized to form a central cation channel whose opening is regulated by ACh bound at extracellular subunit interfaces. nAChR subtype subunit composition can range from α7 homomers to α4β2α6β2β3 heteromers. Subtypes differ in affinities for ACh and other agonists like nicotine and in efficiencies with which their channels are opened and desensitized. Subtypes also differ in affinities for antagonists and for positive and negative allosteric modulators. Some agonists are "silent" with respect to channel opening, and AChRs may be able to signal metabotropic pathways by releasing G-proteins independent of channel opening. Electrophysiological studies that can resolve single-channel openings and molecular genetic approaches have allowed characterization of the structures of ligand binding sites, the cation channel, and the linkages between them, as well as the organization of AChR subunits and their contributions to function. Crystallography and cryo-electron-microscopy are providing increasing insights into the structures and functions of AChRs. However, much remains to be learned about both AChR structure and function, the in vivo functional roles of some AChR subtypes, and the development of better pharmacological tools directed at AChRs to treat addiction, pain, inflammation, and other medically important issues. This article is part of the special issue on 'Contemporary Advances in Nicotine Neuropharmacology'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger L Papke
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, P.O. Box 100267, Gainesville, FL, 32610-0267, USA.
| | - Jon M Lindstrom
- Department of Neuroscience, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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β4-Nicotinic Receptors Are Critically Involved in Reward-Related Behaviors and Self-Regulation of Nicotine Reinforcement. J Neurosci 2020; 40:3465-3477. [PMID: 32184221 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0356-19.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Nicotine addiction, through smoking, is the principal cause of preventable mortality worldwide. Human genome-wide association studies have linked polymorphisms in the CHRNA5-CHRNA3-CHRNB4 gene cluster, coding for the α5, α3, and β4 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subunits, to nicotine addiction. β4*nAChRs have been implicated in nicotine withdrawal, aversion, and reinforcement. Here we show that β4*nAChRs also are involved in non-nicotine-mediated responses that may predispose to addiction-related behaviors. β4 knock-out (KO) male mice show increased novelty-induced locomotor activity, lower baseline anxiety, and motivational deficits in operant conditioning for palatable food rewards and in reward-based Go/No-go tasks. To further explore reward deficits we used intracranial self-administration (ICSA) by directly injecting nicotine into the ventral tegmental area (VTA) in mice. We found that, at low nicotine doses, β4KO self-administer less than wild-type (WT) mice. Conversely, at high nicotine doses, this was reversed and β4KO self-administered more than WT mice, whereas β4-overexpressing mice avoided nicotine injections. Viral expression of β4 subunits in medial habenula (MHb), interpeduncular nucleus (IPN), and VTA of β4KO mice revealed dose- and region-dependent differences: β4*nAChRs in the VTA potentiated nicotine-mediated rewarding effects at all doses, whereas β4*nAChRs in the MHb-IPN pathway, limited VTA-ICSA at high nicotine doses. Together, our findings indicate that the lack of functional β4*nAChRs result in deficits in reward sensitivity including increased ICSA at high doses of nicotine that is restored by re-expression of β4*nAChRs in the MHb-IPN. These data indicate that β4 is a critical modulator of reward-related behaviors.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Human genetic studies have provided strong evidence for a relationship between variants in the CHRNA5-CHRNA3-CHRNB4 gene cluster and nicotine addiction. Yet, little is known about the role of β4 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subunit encoded by this cluster. We investigated the implication of β4*nAChRs in anxiety-, food reward- and nicotine reward-related behaviors. Deletion of the β4 subunit gene resulted in an addiction-related phenotype characterized by low anxiety, high novelty-induced response, lack of sensitivity to palatable food rewards and increased intracranial nicotine self-administration at high doses. Lentiviral vector-induced re-expression of the β4 subunit into either the MHb or IPN restored a "stop" signal on nicotine self-administration. These results suggest that β4*nAChRs provide a promising novel drug target for smoking cessation.
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Integrated miRNA-/mRNA-Seq of the Habenulo-Interpeduncular Circuit During Acute Nicotine Withdrawal. Sci Rep 2020; 10:813. [PMID: 31965003 PMCID: PMC6972841 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-57907-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Tobacco use is the leading preventable cause of mortality in the world. The limited number of smoking cessation aids currently available are minimally effective, highlighting the need for novel therapeutic interventions. We describe a genome-wide approach to identify potential candidates for such interventions. Next-generation sequencing was performed using RNA isolated from the habenulo-interpeduncular circuit of male mice withdrawn from chronic nicotine treatment. This circuit plays a central role in the nicotine withdrawal response. Differentially expressed miRNAs and mRNAs were validated using RT-qPCR. Many of the differentially expressed mRNAs are predicted targets of reciprocally expressed miRNAs. We illustrate the utility of the dataset by demonstrating that knockdown in the interpeduncular nucleus of a differentially expressed mRNA, that encoding profilin 2, is sufficient to induce anxiety-related behavior. Importantly, profilin 2 knockdown in the ventral tegmental area did not affect anxiety behavior. Our data reveal wide-spread changes in gene expression within the habenulo-interpeduncular circuit during nicotine withdrawal. This dataset should prove to be a valuable resource leading to the identification of substrates for the design of innovative smoking cessation aids.
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Abstract
Human behavior can be controlled by physical or psychological dependencies associated with addiction. One of the most insidious addictions in our society is the use of tobacco products which contain nicotine. This addiction can be associated with specific receptors in the brain that respond to the natural neurotransmitter acetylcholine. These nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) are ligand-gated ion channels formed by the assembly of one or multiple types of nAChR receptor subunits. In this paper, we review the structure and diversity of nAChR subunits and our understanding for how different nAChR subtypes play specific roles in the phenomenon of nicotine addiction. We focus on receptors containing β2 and/or α6 subunits and the special significance of α5-containing receptors. These subtypes all have roles in regulating dopamine-mediated neurotransmission in the mesolimbic reward pathways of the brain. We also discuss the unique roles of homomeric α7 nAChR in behavioral responses to nicotine and how our knowledge of nAChR functional diversity may help guide pharmacotherapeutic approaches for treating nicotine addiction. While nicotine addiction is a truly global problem, the use of areca nut (betel) products is also a serious addiction associated with public health issues across most of South Asia, impacting as many as 600 million people. We discuss how cholinergic receptors of the brain are also involved with areca addiction and the unique challenges for dealing with addiction to this substance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger L Papke
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Dorothy K Hatsukami
- Department of Psychiatry and the Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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Santoro A, Tomino C, Prinzi G, Lamonaca P, Cardaci V, Fini M, Russo P. Tobacco Smoking: Risk to Develop Addiction, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, and Lung Cancer. Recent Pat Anticancer Drug Discov 2019; 14:39-52. [PMID: 30605063 DOI: 10.2174/1574892814666190102122848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The morbidity and mortality associated with tobacco smoking is well established. Nicotine is the addictive component of tobacco. Nicotine, through the non-neuronal α7nicotinic receptor, induces cell proliferation, neo-angiogenesis, epithelial to mesenchymal transition, and inhibits drug-induced apoptosis. OBJECTIVE To understand the genetic, molecular and cellular biology of addiction, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and lung cancer. METHODS The search for papers to be included in the review was performed during the months of July- September 2018 in the following databases: PubMed (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov), Scopus (http://www.scopus.com), EMBASE (http://www.elsevier.com/online-tools/embase), and ISI Web of Knowledge (http://apps.webofknowledge.com/). The following searching terms: "nicotine", "nicotinic receptor", and "addiction" or "COPD" or "lung cancer" were used. Patents were retrieved in clinicaltrials.gov (https://clinicaltrials.gov/). All papers written in English were evaluated. The reference list of retrieved articles was also reviewed to identify other eligible studies that were not indexed by the above-mentioned databases. New experimental data on the ability of nicotine to promote transformation of human bronchial epithelial cells, exposed for one hour to Benzo[a]pyrene-7,8-diol-9-10-epoxide, are reported. RESULTS Nicotinic receptors variants and nicotinic receptors upregulation are involved in addiction, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and/or lung cancer. Nicotine through α7nicotinic receptor upregulation induces complete bronchial epithelial cells transformation. CONCLUSION Genetic studies highlight the involvement of nicotinic receptors variants in addiction, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and/or lung cancer. A future important step will be to translate these genetic findings to clinical practice. Interventions able to help smoking cessation in nicotine dependence subjects, under patent, are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Santoro
- Clinical and Molecular Epidemiology, IRCSS San Raffaele Pisana, Via di Valcannuta 247, I-00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Tomino
- Scientific Direction, IRCSS San Raffaele Pisana, Via di Valcannuta 247, I-00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Prinzi
- Clinical and Molecular Epidemiology, IRCSS San Raffaele Pisana, Via di Valcannuta 247, I-00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Palma Lamonaca
- Clinical and Molecular Epidemiology, IRCSS San Raffaele Pisana, Via di Valcannuta 247, I-00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Vittorio Cardaci
- Pulmonary Rehabilitation, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Via della Pisana, 235, I-00163 Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Fini
- Scientific Direction, IRCSS San Raffaele Pisana, Via di Valcannuta 247, I-00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Patrizia Russo
- Clinical and Molecular Epidemiology, IRCSS San Raffaele Pisana, Via di Valcannuta 247, I-00166 Rome, Italy
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Greene RM, Pisano MM. Developmental toxicity of e-cigarette aerosols. Birth Defects Res 2019; 111:1294-1301. [PMID: 31400084 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.1571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 07/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Maternal smoking during pregnancy represents a major public health concern increasing the risk for low birth weight, congenital anomalies, preterm birth, fetal mortality, and morbidity. In an effort to diminish adverse developmental effects of exposure to cigarette smoking, pregnant women, and women of reproductive age, are increasingly turning to electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS), such as e-cigarettes, as an alternative. Given that health risks associated with ENDS use during pregnancy are largely unknown, there is an acute need to determine risks vs. benefits of e-cigarette use by pregnant women. While the most recent Surgeon General's Report on the "Health Consequences of Smoking" states that "the evidence is sufficient to infer that nicotine adversely affects maternal and fetal health during pregnancy, contributing to multiple adverse outcomes," it remains unclear whether use of ENDS represents a "safer alternative" to tobacco smoking during pregnancy. This is due, in part, to the lack of sufficient and conclusive evidence concerning whether or not maternal e-cigarette use adversely affects embryonic/fetal development. While several recent developmental studies have challenged the safety of nicotine inhalation via ENDS, the true risks of smoking e-cigarettes during the first trimester of pregnancy-the period of organogenesis-are largely unknown. Moreover, evidence is emerging that even nicotine-free e-cigarette aerosols may harm the developing conceptus, suggesting that components of e-cigarette liquid, including flavorings, may be developmentally toxicity. Focused human epidemiological analyses, and carefully designed animal studies are critically needed to address the question of the safety of ENDS use during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert M Greene
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Division of Craniofacial Development and Anomalies, School of Dentistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, 40202
| | - M Michele Pisano
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Division of Craniofacial Development and Anomalies, School of Dentistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, 40202
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Bhatnagar A, Whitsel LP, Blaha MJ, Huffman MD, Krishan-Sarin S, Maa J, Rigotti N, Robertson RM, Warner JJ. New and Emerging Tobacco Products and the Nicotine Endgame: The Role of Robust Regulation and Comprehensive Tobacco Control and Prevention: A Presidential Advisory From the American Heart Association. Circulation 2019; 139:e937-e958. [DOI: 10.1161/cir.0000000000000669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The advent of new tobacco products such as electronic cigarettes and the dramatic rise in their use, especially by adolescents and young adults, are significant public health concerns. Electronic cigarettes have become the most popular tobacco products for youth and adolescents in the United States and are attracting youth to new avenues for nicotine addiction. Although these products may have benefit by helping some smokers quit or to move to a less harmful product, the long-term health effects of these products and the net public health effect associated with their use remain unclear and widely debated. There is increasing concern that the use of newer tobacco products may catalyze transition to the use of other tobacco products or recreational drugs, particularly in young adults. Therefore, there is urgent need for robust US Food and Drug Administration regulation of all tobacco products to avoid the significant economic and population health consequences of continued tobacco use. Although the American Heart Association acknowledges that the ultimate endgame would be an end to all tobacco and nicotine addiction in the United States, it supports first minimizing the use of all combustible tobacco products while ensuring that other products do not addict the next generation of youth and adolescents. The endgame strategy needs to be coordinated with the long-standing, evidence-based tobacco control strategies that have significantly reduced tobacco use and initiation in the United States.
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Naveed M, Tallat A, Butt A, Khalid M, Shehzadi M, Bashir N, Malik KKU, Tufail S, Nouroz F. Neuroproteomics in Paving the Pathway for Drug Abuse Research. CURR PROTEOMICS 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1570164616666181127144621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Neuroproteomics, as a sub-discipline of proteomics, has enlightened the pathway for the
study of different complicated diseases and brain disorders. Since four decades, various analytical and
quantitative techniques have been used to cure problems related to brain and memory. Brain has a
complex structure with various cells and cell types, the expressing proteins and suppressing factors too.
Drug addiction is one of the main health concerns as it causes physiological changes in brain and affects
its different parts. Some of these drugs like cocaine, marijuana, nicotine and alcohol not only
affect memory and brain cells but also lead to expression and suppression of unwanted and beneficial
proteins respectively. A variety of techniques involving separation techniques, quantification techniques
and analytical techniques are used along with the combination of bioinformatics and magical
tools for analyzing different aspects of brain parts especially proteome of the brain cells. Moreover,
different animal models preferably those resembling human beings are routinely used in neuroproteomics
to study the effects of different drugs on the brain proteome. Different experiments have already
been performed by the researchers on drug abuse that helped massively in estimating not only the effects
of drug addiction on the brain of highly complex organisms (human beings) but also to propose
different therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Naveed
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Attha Tallat
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Gujrat, Sialkot Sub campus, Sialkot, Pakistan
| | - Ayesha Butt
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Gujrat, Sialkot Sub campus, Sialkot, Pakistan
| | - Maria Khalid
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Gujrat, Sialkot Sub campus, Sialkot, Pakistan
| | - Marium Shehzadi
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Gujrat, Sialkot Sub campus, Sialkot, Pakistan
| | - Nida Bashir
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Gujrat, Sialkot Sub campus, Sialkot, Pakistan
| | | | - Shafia Tufail
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Gujrat, Sialkot Sub campus, Sialkot, Pakistan
| | - Faisal Nouroz
- Department of Botany, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan
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Getachew B, Csoka AB, Aschner M, Tizabi Y. Nicotine protects against manganese and iron-induced toxicity in SH-SY5Y cells: Implication for Parkinson's disease. Neurochem Int 2019; 124:19-24. [PMID: 30557592 PMCID: PMC6369010 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2018.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Manganese (Mn) and iron (Fe) are trace elements that are essential for proper growth and physiological functions as both play critical role in a variety of enzymatic reactions. At high concentrations, however, they can be toxic and cause neurodegenerative disorders, particularly Parkinson-like syndromes. Nicotine, on the other hand, has been shown to have neuroprotective effects against various endogenous or exogenous toxins that selectively damage the dopaminergic cells. These cells include neuroblastoma-derived SH-SY5Y cells which express significant dopaminergic activity. However, practically no information on possible neuroprotective effects of nicotine against toxicity induced by trace elements is available. Therefore, in this study we investigated the effects of nicotine on toxicity induced by manganese or iron in these cells. Exposure of SH-SY5Y cells for 24 h to manganese (20 μM) or iron (20 μM) resulted in approximately 30% and 35% toxicity, respectively. Pretreatment with nicotine (1 μM) completely blocked the toxicities of Mn and Fe. The effects of nicotine, in turn, were blocked by selective nicotinic receptor antagonists. Thus, dihydro-beta erythroidine (DHBE), a selective alpha 4-beta 2 subtype antagonist and methyllycaconitine (MLA), a selective alpha7 antagonist, as well as mecamylamine, a non-selective nicotinic antagonist all dose-dependently blocked the protective effects of nicotine against both Mn and Fe. These findings provide further support for the potential utility of nicotine or nicotinic agonists in Parkinson's disease-like neurodegenerative disorders, including those that might be precipitated by trace elements, such as Fe and Mn. Moreover, both alpha4-beta2 and alpha7 nicotinic receptor subtypes appear to mediate the neuroprotective effects of nicotine against toxicity induced by these two trace metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruk Getachew
- Department of Pharmacology, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Antonei B Csoka
- Department of Anatomy, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Yousef Tizabi
- Department of Pharmacology, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA.
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Jarosz E. Lifestyle behaviours or socioeconomic characteristics? Gender differences in covariates of BMI in Hungary. Obes Sci Pract 2018; 4:591-599. [PMID: 30574352 PMCID: PMC6298311 DOI: 10.1002/osp4.316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Lifestyle behaviours are everyday activities that result from individual's values, knowledge, and norms shaped by broader cultural and socioeconomic context. These behaviours affect body weight as well as overall health and are influenced by a number of social characteristics. The aim of this paper was to examine the net effects of lifestyle behaviours and socioeconomic factors on body mass index (BMI), and how these differed by gender. Methods This study used the 2009/2010 Hungarian Time Use Survey combining behavioural records, background information, and measures of self‐reported health and weight. The sample (n = 7765) was representative for the Hungarian population. Multivariate linear OLS regression models were employed to analyse the net effects of lifestyle and sociodemographic variables. Results Daily behaviours were associated with BMI for women, but not for men, except for smoking. Meals frequency and duration of sleep had negative effects on female BMI, whereas duration of TV viewing had a positive effect. Occupational class was associated with male BMI, but not with female. The strong negative effect of smoking was significant for both genders. Conclusions Lifestyle behaviours were linked with female BMI, with socioeconomic characteristics impacting on male BMI. These results suggest that a gender‐specific approach may be appropriate to address obesity issues in the Hungarian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Jarosz
- Centre for Time Use Research, Department of Sociology University of Oxford (Oxford, United Kingdom) Oxford UK
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41
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Li H, Chen J, Chen C, Xu Z, Xu J, Lin W, Wu J, Li G, Xu H, Kang Y, Wang F, Liu Y. CSF glutamate level decreases in heavy smokers and negatively correlates with BDI scores. Psychiatry Res 2018; 270:627-630. [PMID: 30384282 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2018.10.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Glutamate is involved in mental disorders and nicotine addiction. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the relationship between cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) glutamate levels and mental status in Chinese heavy smokers. Participants comprised 41 non-smokers and 77 heavy smokers (n = 118). Cerebrospinal fluid was extracted and glutamate levels were measured. We recorded age, years of education, BMI, the Barratt impulsiveness scale (BIS), the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and the Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS). BIS action scores, total scores and BDI scores were significantly different between the groups. Partial correlation analyses with age and education years as covariates found that CSF glutamate levels negatively correlated with BDI scores, but did not correlate with SAS scores in heavy smokers. No correlation was found between CSF glutamate levels and BDI or SAS scores in non-smokers. In conclusion, heavy smokers had more impulsivity had lower levels of CSF glutamate and higher BDI scores. CSF glutamate levels negatively correlated with BDI scores in heavy smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830028, China; Psychosomatic Medicine Research Division, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Huhhot 010110, China
| | - Junzheng Chen
- The Affiliated Wenling Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenling 317500, China
| | - Caiming Chen
- The Affiliated Wenling Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenling 317500, China
| | - Zeping Xu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Jinzhong Xu
- The Affiliated Wenling Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenling 317500, China; College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Wenhui Lin
- The Affiliated Wenling Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenling 317500, China
| | - Junnan Wu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Guohua Li
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830028, China
| | - Heng Xu
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830028, China; The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Yimin Kang
- Psychosomatic Medicine Research Division, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Huhhot 010110, China
| | - Fan Wang
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830028, China; Beijing Hui-Long-Guan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing 100096, China.
| | - Yanlong Liu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
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Monteschi M, Ignacio de Padua A, Riva Perez C, Vera Castellano M, Cedano S, Luiz Rodrigues-Júnior A, Baddini-Martinez J. A simple test to assess the emotional status of smokers. CLINICAL RESPIRATORY JOURNAL 2018; 12:2606-2612. [DOI: 10.1111/crj.12964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mariane Monteschi
- Internal Medicine Department, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto; University of São Paulo; São Paulo Brazil
| | - Adriana Ignacio de Padua
- Internal Medicine Department, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto; University of São Paulo; São Paulo Brazil
| | - Carla Riva Perez
- Internal Medicine Department, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto; University of São Paulo; São Paulo Brazil
| | - Maria Vera Castellano
- Hospital do Servidor Público Estadual Francisco Morato de Oliveira, IAMSPE; São Paulo Brazil
| | - Simone Cedano
- Hospital do Servidor Público Estadual Francisco Morato de Oliveira, IAMSPE; São Paulo Brazil
| | | | - José Baddini-Martinez
- Internal Medicine Department, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto; University of São Paulo; São Paulo Brazil
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D'Alessandro M, Richard M, Stigloher C, Gache V, Boulin T, Richmond JE, Bessereau JL. CRELD1 is an evolutionarily-conserved maturational enhancer of ionotropic acetylcholine receptors. eLife 2018; 7:39649. [PMID: 30407909 PMCID: PMC6245729 DOI: 10.7554/elife.39649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The assembly of neurotransmitter receptors in the endoplasmic reticulum limits the number of receptors delivered to the plasma membrane, ultimately controlling neurotransmitter sensitivity and synaptic transfer function. In a forward genetic screen conducted in the nematode C. elegans, we identified crld-1 as a gene required for the synaptic expression of ionotropic acetylcholine receptors (AChR). We demonstrated that the CRLD-1A isoform is a membrane-associated ER-resident protein disulfide isomerase (PDI). It physically interacts with AChRs and promotes the assembly of AChR subunits in the ER. Mutations of Creld1, the human ortholog of crld-1a, are responsible for developmental cardiac defects. We showed that Creld1 knockdown in mouse muscle cells decreased surface expression of AChRs and that expression of mouse Creld1 in C. elegans rescued crld-1a mutant phenotypes. Altogether these results identify a novel and evolutionarily-conserved maturational enhancer of AChR biogenesis, which controls the abundance of functional receptors at the cell surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela D'Alessandro
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5310, INSERM U 1217, Institut NeuroMyoGène, Lyon, France
| | - Magali Richard
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5310, INSERM U 1217, Institut NeuroMyoGène, Lyon, France
| | - Christian Stigloher
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5310, INSERM U 1217, Institut NeuroMyoGène, Lyon, France
| | - Vincent Gache
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5310, INSERM U 1217, Institut NeuroMyoGène, Lyon, France
| | - Thomas Boulin
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5310, INSERM U 1217, Institut NeuroMyoGène, Lyon, France
| | - Janet E Richmond
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, United States
| | - Jean-Louis Bessereau
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5310, INSERM U 1217, Institut NeuroMyoGène, Lyon, France
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Barrett ST, Geary TN, Steiner AN, Bevins RA. A behavioral economic analysis of the value-enhancing effects of nicotine and varenicline and the role of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in male and female rats. Behav Pharmacol 2018; 29:493-502. [PMID: 29634495 PMCID: PMC6076340 DOI: 10.1097/fbp.0000000000000404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Reinforcement value enhancement by nicotine of non-nicotine rewards is believed to partially motivate smoking behavior. Recently, we showed that the value-enhancing effects of nicotine are well characterized by reinforcer demand models and that the value-enhancing effects of the smoking-cessation aid bupropion (Zyban) are distinct from those of nicotine and differ between the sexes. The present study evaluated potential sex differences in the enhancement effects of nicotine and varenicline (Chantix) using a reinforcer demand methodology. The role of α4β2* and α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) in the enhancing effects of nicotine and varenicline is also evaluated. Male and female rats (n=12/sex) were trained to lever press maintained by sensory reinforcement by visual stimulus (VS) presentations. Changes in the VS value following nicotine and varenicline administration were assessed using an established reinforcer demand approach. Subsequently, the effects of antagonism of α4β2* and α7 nAChRs on varenicline and nicotine-induced enhancement active lever-pressing were assessed using a progressive ratio schedule. Nicotine and varenicline enhanced VS demand equivalently between the sexes as evaluated by reinforcer demand. However, α4β2* receptor antagonism attenuated value enhancement by nicotine and varenicline in females, but only of nicotine in males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott T Barrett
- Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
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Effects of concurrent blockade of OX2 and CB1 receptors in the ventral tegmental area on nicotine-induced place preference in rats. Neurosci Lett 2018; 684:121-126. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2018.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Pfeffer D, Wigginton B, Gartner C, Morphett K. Smokers' Understandings of Addiction to Nicotine and Tobacco: A Systematic Review and Interpretive Synthesis of Quantitative and Qualitative Research. Nicotine Tob Res 2018; 20:1038-1046. [PMID: 29059355 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntx186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Background Despite the centrality of addiction in academic accounts of smoking, there is little research on smokers' beliefs about addiction to smoking, and the role of nicotine in tobacco dependence. Smokers' perspectives on nicotine's role in addiction are important given the increasing prevalence of nontobacco nicotine products such as e-cigarettes. We conducted a systematic review of studies investigating smokers' understandings and lay beliefs about addiction to smoking and nicotine. Method We searched PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, and PsycINFO for studies investigating lay beliefs about addiction to smoking. Twenty-two quantitative and 24 qualitative studies met inclusion criteria. Critical interpretive synthesis was used to analyze the results. Results Very few studies asked about addiction to nicotine. Quantitative studies that asked about addiction to smoking showed that most smokers believe that cigarettes are an addictive product, and that they are addicted to smoking. Across qualitative studies, nicotine was not often mentioned by participants. Addiction to smoking was most often characterized as a feeling of "need" for cigarettes resulting from an interplay between physical, mental, and social processes. Overall, we found that understandings of smoking were more consistent with the biopsychosocial model of addiction than with more recent models that emphasize the biological aspects of addiction. Conclusion Researchers should not treat perceptions of addiction to smoking interchangeably with perceptions of addiction to nicotine. More research on lay beliefs about nicotine is required, particularly considering the increasing use of e-cigarettes and their potential for long-term nicotine maintenance for harm reduction. Implications Quantitative studies show that most smokers believe that smoking is addictive and that they are addicted. A feeling of "need" for cigarettes was central to qualitative accounts of addiction, but nicotine was not often discussed. Overall, smokers' understandings of addiction reflect a biopsychosocial model rather than a neurobiological one. Given the growing market for e-cigarettes and therapeutic nicotine, more research is required on lay beliefs about nicotine and addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Pfeffer
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Herston, Australia
| | - Britta Wigginton
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Herston, Australia
| | - Coral Gartner
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Herston, Australia
| | - Kylie Morphett
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Herston, Australia
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Morton G, Nasirova N, Sparks DW, Brodsky M, Sivakumaran S, Lambe EK, Turner EE. Chrna5-Expressing Neurons in the Interpeduncular Nucleus Mediate Aversion Primed by Prior Stimulation or Nicotine Exposure. J Neurosci 2018; 38:6900-6920. [PMID: 29954848 PMCID: PMC6070661 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0023-18.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic studies have shown an association between smoking and variation at the CHRNA5/A3/B4 gene locus encoding the α5, α3, and β4 nicotinic receptor subunits. The α5 receptor has been specifically implicated because smoking-associated haplotypes contain a coding variant in the CHRNA5 gene. The Chrna5/a3/b4 locus is conserved in rodents and the restricted expression of these subunits suggests neural pathways through which the reinforcing and aversive properties of nicotine may be mediated. Here, we show that, in the interpeduncular nucleus (IP), the site of the highest Chrna5 mRNA expression in rodents, electrophysiological responses to nicotinic acetylcholine receptor stimulation are markedly reduced in α5-null mice. IP neurons differ markedly from their upstream ventral medial habenula cholinergic partners, which appear unaltered by loss of α5. To probe the functional role of α5-containing IP neurons, we used BAC recombineering to generate transgenic mice expressing Cre-recombinase from the Chrna5 locus. Reporter expression driven by Chrna5Cre demonstrates that transcription of Chrna5 is regulated independently from the Chrna3/b4 genes transcribed on the opposite strand. Chrna5-expressing IP neurons are GABAergic and project to distant targets in the mesopontine raphe and tegmentum rather than forming local circuits. Optogenetic stimulation of Chrna5-expressing IP neurons failed to elicit physical manifestations of withdrawal. However, after recent prior stimulation or exposure to nicotine, IP stimulation becomes aversive. These results using mice of both sexes support the idea that the risk allele of CHRNA5 may increase the drive to smoke via loss of IP-mediated nicotine aversion.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Understanding the receptors and neural pathways underlying the reinforcing and aversive effects of nicotine may suggest new treatments for tobacco addiction. Part of the individual variability in smoking is associated with specific forms of the α5 nicotinic receptor subunit gene. Here, we show that deletion of the α5 subunit in mice markedly reduces the cellular response to nicotine and acetylcholine in the interpeduncular nucleus (IP). Stimulation of α5-expressing IP neurons using optogenetics is aversive, but this effect requires priming by recent prior stimulation or exposure to nicotine. These results support the idea that the smoking-associated variant of the α5 gene may increase the drive to smoke via loss of IP-mediated nicotine aversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glenn Morton
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute
| | - Nailyam Nasirova
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute
| | | | - Matthew Brodsky
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute
| | | | - Evelyn K Lambe
- Department of Physiology
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, and
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Eric E Turner
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute,
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98101
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48
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Chiamulera C, West RJ. What role does dopamine really play in tobacco addiction? Addiction 2018; 113:1379-1380. [PMID: 29766605 DOI: 10.1111/add.14235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cristiano Chiamulera
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, Section Pharmacology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Robert J West
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, UK
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Hu T, Yang Z, Li MD. Pharmacological Effects and Regulatory Mechanisms of Tobacco Smoking Effects on Food Intake and Weight Control. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2018; 13:453-466. [PMID: 30054897 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-018-9800-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Beyond promoting smoking initiation and preventing smokers from quitting, nicotine can reduce food intake and body weight and thus is viewed as desirable by some smokers, especially many women. During the last several decades, the molecular mechanisms underlying the inverse correlation between smoking and body weight have been investigated extensively in both animals and humans. Nicotine's weight effects appear to result especially from the drug's stimulation of α3β4 nicotine acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), which are located on pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons in the arcuate nucleus (ARC), leading to activation of the melanocortin circuit, which is associated with body weight. Further, α7- and α4β2-containing nAChRs have been implicated in weight control by nicotine. This review summarizes current understanding of the regulatory effects of nicotine on food intake and body weight according to the findings from pharmacological, molecular genetic, electrophysiological, and feeding studies on these appetite-regulating molecules, such as α3β4, α7, and α4β2 nAChRs; neuropeptide Y (NPY); POMC; melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R); agouti-related peptide (AgRP); leptin, ghrelin, and protein YY (PYY).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongyuan Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhongli Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Ming D Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China. .,Research Center for Air Pollution and Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China. .,Institute of Neuroimmune Pharmacology, Seton Hall University, South Orange, NJ, USA.
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50
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Morel C, Fernandez SP, Pantouli F, Meye FJ, Marti F, Tolu S, Parnaudeau S, Marie H, Tronche F, Maskos U, Moretti M, Gotti C, Han MH, Bailey A, Mameli M, Barik J, Faure P. Nicotinic receptors mediate stress-nicotine detrimental interplay via dopamine cells' activity. Mol Psychiatry 2018; 23:1597-1605. [PMID: 29155800 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2017.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Revised: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies report strong association between mood disorders and tobacco addiction. This high comorbidity requires adequate treatment but the underlying mechanisms are unknown. We demonstrate that nicotine exposure, independent of drug withdrawal effects, increases stress sensitivity, a major risk factor in mood disorders. Nicotine and stress concur to induce long-lasting cellular adaptations within the dopamine (DA) system. This interplay is underpinned by marked remodeling of nicotinic systems, causing increased ventral tegmental area (VTA) DA neurons' activity and stress-related behaviors, such as social aversion. Blocking β2 or α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) prevents, respectively, the development and the expression of social stress-induced neuroadaptations; conversely, facilitating α7 nAChRs activation specifically in the VTA promotes stress-induced cellular and behavioral maladaptations. Our work unravels a complex nicotine-stress bidirectional interplay and identifies α7 nAChRs as a promising therapeutic target for stress-related psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Morel
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, CNRS, Neuroscience Paris Seine - Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS - IBPS), Paris, France.,CNRS UMR 8246, INSERM U1130, Paris, France.,Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - S P Fernandez
- Université Côte d'Azur, Valbonne, France.,CNRS, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Nice, France
| | - F Pantouli
- Institute of Medical and Biomedical Education, St. George's University of London, London, UK
| | - F J Meye
- CNRS UMR 8246, INSERM U1130, Paris, France.,Team Synapses and Pathophysiology of Reward, INSERM UMR-S 839, Institut du Fer à Moulin, Paris, France
| | - F Marti
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, CNRS, Neuroscience Paris Seine - Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS - IBPS), Paris, France.,CNRS UMR 8246, INSERM U1130, Paris, France
| | - S Tolu
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, CNRS, Neuroscience Paris Seine - Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS - IBPS), Paris, France.,CNRS UMR 8246, INSERM U1130, Paris, France
| | - S Parnaudeau
- CNRS UMR 8246, INSERM U1130, Paris, France.,Team Gene Regulation and Adaptive Behaviors, Neurosciences Paris Seine, INSERM U 1130, CNRS UMR 8246, Paris, France
| | - H Marie
- Université Côte d'Azur, Valbonne, France.,CNRS, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Nice, France
| | - F Tronche
- CNRS UMR 8246, INSERM U1130, Paris, France.,Team Gene Regulation and Adaptive Behaviors, Neurosciences Paris Seine, INSERM U 1130, CNRS UMR 8246, Paris, France
| | - U Maskos
- Team Integrative Neurobiology of Cholinergic Systems, CNRS UMR 3571, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - M Moretti
- CNR, Institute of Neuroscience and Biometra Department Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - C Gotti
- CNR, Institute of Neuroscience and Biometra Department Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - M-H Han
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - A Bailey
- Institute of Medical and Biomedical Education, St. George's University of London, London, UK
| | - M Mameli
- CNRS UMR 8246, INSERM U1130, Paris, France.,Team Synapses and Pathophysiology of Reward, INSERM UMR-S 839, Institut du Fer à Moulin, Paris, France
| | - J Barik
- Université Côte d'Azur, Valbonne, France. .,CNRS, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Nice, France.
| | - P Faure
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, CNRS, Neuroscience Paris Seine - Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS - IBPS), Paris, France. .,CNRS UMR 8246, INSERM U1130, Paris, France.
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