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Lin G, Werner K, Alqunaiebet A, Hamza MM, Alkanhal N, Alsukait RF, Alruwaily A, Rakic S, Cetinkaya V, Herbst CH, Lin TK. The cost-effectiveness of school-based interventions for chronic diseases: a systematic review. COST EFFECTIVENESS AND RESOURCE ALLOCATION 2024; 22:26. [PMID: 38605333 PMCID: PMC11008027 DOI: 10.1186/s12962-024-00511-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic diseases, or non-communicable diseases (NCD), are conditions of long duration and often influenced and contributed by complex interactions of several variables, including genetic, physiological, environmental, and behavioral factors. These conditions contribute to death, disability, and subsequent health care costs. Primary and secondary school settings provide an opportunity to deliver relatively low cost and effective interventions to improve public health outcomes. However, there lacks systematic evidence on the cost-effectiveness of these interventions. METHODS We systematically searched four databases (PubMed/Medline, Cochrane, Embase, and Web of Science) for published studies on the cost-effectiveness of chronic-disease interventions in school settings. Studies were eligible for inclusion if they assessed interventions of any chronic or non-communicable disease, were conducted in a school setting, undertook a full cost-effectiveness analysis and were available in English, Spanish, or French. RESULTS Our review identified 1029 articles during our initial search of the databases, and after screening, 33 studies were included in our final analysis. The most used effectiveness outcome measures were summary effectiveness units such as quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) (22 articles; 67%) or disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) (4 articles; 12%). The most common health condition for which an intervention targets is overweight and obesity. Almost all school-based interventions were found to be cost-effective (30 articles; 81%). CONCLUSION Our review found evidence to support a number of cost-effective school-based interventions targeting NCDs focused on vaccination, routine physical activity, and supplement delivery interventions. Conversely, many classroom-based cognitive behavioral therapy for mental health and certain multi-component interventions for obesity were not found to be cost-effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Lin
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Kalin Werner
- Institute for Health & Aging, Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Mariam M Hamza
- Health, Nutrition and Population Global Practice, The World Bank, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Norah Alkanhal
- Saudi Public Health Authority, Riyadh, KSA, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reem F Alsukait
- College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Severin Rakic
- Health, Nutrition and Population Global Practice, The World Bank, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Volkan Cetinkaya
- Health, Nutrition and Population Global Practice, The World Bank, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Christopher H Herbst
- Health, Nutrition and Population Global Practice, The World Bank, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Tracy Kuo Lin
- Institute for Health & Aging, Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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Banany M, Gebel K, Sibbritt D. An examination of the predictors of change in BMI among 38 026 school students in Makkah, Saudi Arabia. Int Health 2024:ihae029. [PMID: 38578607 DOI: 10.1093/inthealth/ihae029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of childhood obesity has substantially increased in the Gulf Cooperation Council countries, including Saudi Arabia. The Rashaka initiative is a Saudi national school-based multicomponent intervention that was introduced in the school year 2016-2017 to address childhood overweight and obesity. This study aims to examine the effect of the Rashaka initiative on students' body mass index (BMI) for two academic years (2016-2017 and 2018-2019) and to analyse predictors of BMI change. METHODS Secondary data for this pre-post study was provided by the Ministry of Health for 38 026 students from 89 intermediate and secondary schools that implemented the initiative in Makkah City, Saudi Arabia. It was analysed using non-parametric tests and multiple regressions at a 5% level of significance. RESULTS Over 2 y of implementation, BMI was reduced significantly across the schools (p < 0.001). Based on the regression modelling, school gender and education stage were found to be the only significant predictors of BMI change. Girls and intermediate schools had greater BMI reductions than boys and secondary schools (p < 0.001 and p = 0.031). CONCLUSIONS This study provides tentative evidence for the effectiveness of the Rashaka intervention in Makkah City. In addition, our study has identified that the Rashaka initiative may require modification to improve its effect on boys and students in secondary schools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Banany
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, 235 Jones St, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Klaus Gebel
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, 235 Jones St, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
- Prevention Research Collaboration, Charles Perkins Centre, School of Public Health, the University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - David Sibbritt
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, 235 Jones St, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
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Banany M, Kang M, Gebel K, Sibbritt D. A systematic review of school-based weight-related interventions in the Gulf Cooperation Council countries. Syst Rev 2024; 13:66. [PMID: 38355590 PMCID: PMC10865693 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-024-02475-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity has increased at alarming levels in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries (Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates (UAE), Kuwait, Bahrain, Oman, and Qatar). Weight-related interventions are urgently required in these countries to tackle childhood overweight and obesity and their-related consequences. To date, no systematic review has synthesised school-based weight-related interventions in the six GCC countries. This study aims to systematically review school-based, weight-related interventions conducted in the GCC countries, investigating the intervention characteristics, components, and outcomes. METHODS Medline, Scopus, and ProQuest databases were searched for peer-reviewed literature published in English without date restriction and Google Scholar for grey literature using combined Medical Subject Heading (MeSH) terms and keywords under five relevant concepts including population, setting, interventions, outcomes, and geographical location. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA), records were identified, screened for eligibility, and included in this review. Using the Effective Public Health Practice Project tool, the methodological quality of the included studies was assessed independently by two authors. RESULTS Out of 1303 initially identified records, eight peer-reviewed articles and three doctoral theses were included in this review. The age of the students in the included studies ranged between 5 to 19 years, and the sample sizes between 28 and 3,967 students. The studies included between one and thirty public and private schools. Of the included studies, six were randomised controlled trials, four pre-post studies and one used a post-study design. Only four of the eleven studies were theory based. The included studies reported various improvements in the students' weight or weight-related lifestyle behaviours, such as healthier dietary choices, increased physical activity, and decreased sedentary behaviour. CONCLUSIONS This review suggests the potential effectiveness of school-based interventions in the GCC countries. However, a thorough evaluation of these studies revealed significant methodological limitations that must be acknowledged in interpreting these results. Future studies in this field should be theory-based and use more rigorous evaluation methods. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO registration number: CRD42020156535.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Banany
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, City Campus, PO Box 123, Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia.
| | - Melissa Kang
- Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Klaus Gebel
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, City Campus, PO Box 123, Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - David Sibbritt
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, City Campus, PO Box 123, Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia
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Atwah A, Koshak E, Shalabi MS, Alsulami A, Alsaedi AS, Alharbi O, Almalki Z, Moamina A. Childhood Obesity May Be Linked to Feeding Habits and Screen Time. Cureus 2023; 15:e50933. [PMID: 38249252 PMCID: PMC10800011 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.50933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Childhood obesity is an alarming health problem. Early feeding habits and factors are among the etiological factors contributing to obesity. Objectives The objective of this study is to evaluate the correlation between breastfeeding, alongside other relevant factors, and their potential role as preventative measures against obesity. Methods A cross-sectional hospital-based study was conducted on children who attended a pediatric clinic. Demographic, clinical, and anthropometric measurements were taken from the hospital records. A questionnaire was completed by parents telephonically. Overweight was identified as a body mass index (BMI) of > 85-95% and obesity as a BMI of > 95%. Results A total of 101 children, with a mean age of 8.88 ± 4.01 (range one to 18) years, were involved, of whom 58.4% were boys. A high BMI (overweight or obese) was found in 30 (29.7%) children. The highest BMIs were among soft drink consumers [two children (66.7%) consumed daily and eight children (40%) consumed monthly], high birth weight in two children (40%), cow's milk formula feeding in eight children (38%), and weekly fast food consumption in 18 children (35%), none of these were statistically significant. Nevertheless, there was a significant association between mean electronic device usage and high (204.5 ± 164.76 hours) and normal BMI (147.61 ± 110.24 hours) (p-value < 0.05). Conclusion This small cross-sectional study shows that almost one-third of the included children were overweight or obese, which is comparable to what has been published in the literature. Moreover, there was a potential link between some factors and obesity, especially screen time, which may contribute to the controversial literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Atwah
- Pediatrics, King Abdulaziz University Faculty of Medicine, Rabigh, SAU
| | - Emad Koshak
- Internal Medicine, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, SAU
| | | | | | - Ahmed S Alsaedi
- Medicine, King Abdulaziz University Faculty of Medicine, Rabigh, SAU
| | - Osama Alharbi
- Pediatrics, King Abdulaziz University Faculty of Medicine, Rabigh, SAU
| | - Ziyad Almalki
- Pediatrics, King Abdulaziz University Faculty of Medicine, Rabigh, SAU
| | - Ahmed Moamina
- Pediatrics, King Abdulaziz University Faculty of Medicine, Rabigh, SAU
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Rhee KE, Strong D. Should We "Wait and See"?: Change in Weight Status Among US Adolescents in the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study. Child Obes 2023; 19:373-381. [PMID: 35960810 DOI: 10.1089/chi.2022.0079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Background: Many parents and providers adopt a "wait and see" approach to obesity (OB) management. The goal of this study was to determine the likelihood that youth with overweight (OW) or OB would become normal weight over time. Methods: Data from the nationally representative Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study were used to examine the proportion of teens (aged 12-17 years) with OW/OB who tracked into a lower weight category over four waves of data collection (2013-2018). Analysis was restricted to those who completed all four waves of assessments (n = 10,086). Repeated-measures logistic regression models were used to describe the odds of having a BMI within the normal weight range at Waves 2-4, given an OW or obese weight status in the previous wave. Results: At Wave 1, 65% of the sample was normal weight, 18% had OW, and 17% had OB. By Wave 4, 24% had OW and 20% had OB. The adjusted odds of reporting a normal weight relative to OW/OB decreased by 13% each year. In Wave 4, only 2% [standard error (SE) 0.4%] of boys and 2% (SE 0.3%) of girls transitioned from OB to normal weight. For youth with OB in Wave 1, the probability of being in the normal weight category in Wave 2 was 0.04 (95% confidence interval 0.035-0.052), and decreased thereafter. Conclusion: Very few teens were able to return to normal weight once they developed OW/OB. Adopting a "wait and see" approach to OB management may be detrimental to a child's health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung E Rhee
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - David Strong
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
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Head KC, Morella K, Lugo MP, Key JD. Participation in a School-Based Wellness Initiative Associated With Improved K-12 Student Body Mass Index Trends. THE JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH 2023; 93:547-556. [PMID: 36575648 DOI: 10.1111/josh.13292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Associations between school participation in an academic medical center-supported school-based wellness initiative and programmatic components implemented with change in average student body mass index (BMI) over time were examined. METHODS This was an observational study of 103 K-12 South Carolina schools over school years 2014-2018, classified as participating (n = 87 schools, 27,855 students) or non-participating (n = 16 schools; 3608 students). Associations between students' BMI z-score (BMIz) and school participation were evaluated by linear multilevel mixed-effects modeling using data from FitnessGram and the School Wellness Checklist© (SWC), respectively. RESULTS One-third of the students had a BMI percentile ≥85. Average student BMIz decreased in participating schools (p = .026) and increased in non-participating schools (p = .004) over time. For schools that participated two or more years, there was an inverse relationship between SWC score and student BMIz (p = .002) that did not differ by school type, rural/urban location, Title 1 status, or student sex. Physical activity and stress management interventions for students, as well as employee wellness and establishing a wellness committee at the school level were significantly associated with decreased average student BMIz (all p < .05). CONCLUSION Implementation of similar comprehensive school-based wellness programs focused on improving physical activity, stress management, and employee engagement may help prevent and reduce pediatric obesity in diverse communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen C Head
- Boeing Center for Children's Wellness, Departments of Pediatrics and Internal Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, 125 Doughty St., MSC 561, Charleston, SC, 29425-5610
| | - Kristen Morella
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, 135 Rutledge Ave MSC 835, Charleston, SC, 29425-5610
| | - Michael P Lugo
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, 10 McClennan Banks Drive MSC 915, Charleston, SC, 29425-5610
| | - Janice D Key
- Boeing Center for Children's Wellness, Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, 125 Doughty St., MSC 561, Charleston, SC, 29425-5610
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Suwannawong PR, Auemaneekul N, Powwattana A, Chongsuwat R. Ecological system theory and community participation to promote healthy food environments for obesity and non-communicable diseases prevention among school-age children. Public Health Nutr 2023; 26:1488-1500. [PMID: 36847284 PMCID: PMC10346019 DOI: 10.1017/s136898002300040x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To implement and evaluate the effectiveness of the community participatory program between school and family based on ecological system theory and participatory action research. The intervention covers three levels at the individual, family and school levels and involves educating students and parents by using technology, reducing sedentary behaviours, increasing exercise and changing to healthy food environments at school and at home. DESIGN A quasi-experimental design was used in this study. SETTING Public primary school in Thailand. SUBJECTS The participants in the study included 138 school-age children in grades 2-6 with their parents/guardians. The control group consisted of 134 school-age children at a school of the same size with their parents/guardians. RESULTS Results show that nutritional status was significantly improved within the experimental group (P value = 0·000) and between groups during follow-up (P value = 0·032). Students' knowledge about obesity and non-communicable chronic diseases (NCD) prevention, as well as physical activity and exercise behaviours, in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P value = 0·000 and 0·044, respectively). Parents' perceptions of child obesity and family modelling behaviours in the experimental group were also significantly higher than that in the control group; P value = 0·013 and 0·000, respectively). CONCLUSION The community participation program was found to be successful. Not only students, families and schools improved health behaviours and healthy food environments at home and school, but the students' long-term nutritional status also improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pennapa Ritwong Suwannawong
- Department of Public Health Nursing, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, 420/1 Ratchawithi Road, Thung Phaya Thai, Ratchathewi District, Bangkok10400, Thailand
| | - Naruemon Auemaneekul
- Department of Public Health Nursing, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, 420/1 Ratchawithi Road, Thung Phaya Thai, Ratchathewi District, Bangkok10400, Thailand
| | - Arpaporn Powwattana
- Department of Public Health Nursing, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, 420/1 Ratchawithi Road, Thung Phaya Thai, Ratchathewi District, Bangkok10400, Thailand
| | - Rewadee Chongsuwat
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Farewell CV, Bergling E, Maiurro E, Puma J. Application of an Implementation Framework Using Mixed Methods in Preschool Settings. Health Promot Pract 2023; 24:272-281. [PMID: 34743643 DOI: 10.1177/15248399211053583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Research Findings. Application of mixed methods in a dissemination and implementation framework can give researchers a better understanding of the reach and delivery of early childhood obesity prevention programs in preschool settings, as well as potential facilitators and barriers related to implementation and sustainability. This study utilized a simultaneous, exploratory, mixed-methods design to investigate individual-, organizational-, and intervention-level factors that were related to the implementation and sustainability of policy, system, and environment (PSE) changes as part of a larger obesity prevention program in a randomly selected sample of preschool centers (n = 20). Individual-level factors, and specifically the attitudes and skills of preschool providers, were identified in both the qualitative and quantitative data as important factors related to the sustainability of PSE changes (r = .56, p < .01). Staff and leadership engagement and adaptability of the program were also identified as important factors related to the implementation and sustainability of PSE changes. Practice or Policy. These findings highlight the complexity of implementation success and suggest PSE obesity prevention interventions in preschool centers require the consideration of numerous, multilevel factors to ensure programming is impactful and sustained over time.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jini Puma
- University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
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Szczepańska E, Bielaszka A, Kiciak A, Wanat-Kańtoch G, Staśkiewicz W, Białek-Dratwa A, Kardas M. The Project "Colourful Means Healthy" as an Educational Measure for the Prevention of Diet-Related Diseases: Investigating the Impact of Nutrition Education for School-Aged Children on Their Nutritional Knowledge. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:13307. [PMID: 36293887 PMCID: PMC9603396 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192013307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
METHODS An educational project called Cooking and Educational Workshops "Colourful means healthy" was conducted at the Department of Dietetics of the Faculty of Public Health in Bytom of the Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Poland, between 1 July 2017 and 30 June 2019. The participants/recipients of the project were second-grade primary schoolchildren (317 pupils aged 7-9 years). OBJECTIVE The aim of this article is to assess the change in knowledge of the principles of healthy eating among children aged 7-9 years following the nutritional education we carried out as part of the "Colourful means healthy" project. As part of project evaluation, the participating children were asked to rate selected food products in terms of their influence on human health (healthy vs. unhealthy). RESULTS There was a statistically significant difference between the percentage of correct answers provided by the pupils before and after nutrition education. Thus, one may conclude that conducting an educational programme caused the participants' nutrition knowledge to increase. CONCLUSION The present study demonstrated the potential of nutrition education in the form of cooking and educational workshops in terms of increasing nutrition knowledge. As such, workshops like these can be a useful measure for improving eating habits and eliminating dietary errors in the study population. However, future research is needed in order to verify whether such cooking and educational workshops can produce beneficial and lasting changes in dietary habits over the long term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elżbieta Szczepańska
- Department of Human Nutrition, Department of Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences in Bytom, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 41-808 Katowice, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Bielaszka
- Department of Technology and Food Quality Evaluation, Department of Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences in Bytom, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 40-000 Katowice, Poland
| | - Agata Kiciak
- Department of Technology and Food Quality Evaluation, Department of Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences in Bytom, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 40-000 Katowice, Poland
| | - Gabriela Wanat-Kańtoch
- Department of Health Promotion, Faculty of Health Sciences in Bytom, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 40-000 Katowice, Poland
| | - Wiktoria Staśkiewicz
- Department of Technology and Food Quality Evaluation, Department of Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences in Bytom, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 40-000 Katowice, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Białek-Dratwa
- Department of Human Nutrition, Department of Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences in Bytom, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 41-808 Katowice, Poland
| | - Marek Kardas
- Department of Technology and Food Quality Evaluation, Department of Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences in Bytom, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 40-000 Katowice, Poland
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Tanous DR, Ruedl G, Kirschner W, Drenowatz C, Craddock J, Rosemann T, Wirnitzer K. School health programs of physical education and/or diet among pupils of primary and secondary school levels I and II linked to body mass index: A systematic review protocol within the project From Science 2 School. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0275012. [PMID: 36201567 PMCID: PMC9536596 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0275012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The most common causes of death in Western countries today are preventable diseases mainly attributed to daily behavior. It has been well documented that genetics are influential but not the deciding factor for developing non-communicable diseases. Ideally, the public should be educated to perform methods of optimal health and wellbeing independently, meaning that individuals should be in control of their health without relying on others. As behavior is known to be consistent over time, good or poor health behavior will track from childhood into adulthood. Physical activity and diet are permanently linked to the individual's state of health, and when properly balanced, the effects on personal health summate, resulting in greater benefits from this dual-approach for public health. The objective is to highlight the different approaches (physical intervention, nutritional intervention, and dual-approach of diet and exercise) and identify effective interventions for sustainable body weight and healthy body mass index in school children. A systematic review will be conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. The review will assess school-based diet and exercise interventions on children in primary and secondary school levels I and II. Overweight and obesity develop as a result of a prolonged imbalance in the energy balance model, with both physical activity and diet being influential in the fluctuation of body weight. A dual-approach including physical activity and diet could therefore be a very promising method to promote sustainable healthy body weight in school children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derrick R. Tanous
- Department of Sport Science, Leopold-Franzens University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- Department of Research and Development in Teacher Education, University College of Teacher Education Tyrol, Innsbruck, Austria
- * E-mail:
| | - Gerhard Ruedl
- Department of Sport Science, Leopold-Franzens University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Werner Kirschner
- Department of Sport Science, Leopold-Franzens University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Clemens Drenowatz
- Division of Physical Education, University of Education Upper Austria, Linz, Austria
| | - Joel Craddock
- Sydney School of Education and Social Work, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Thomas Rosemann
- Institute of Primary Care, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Katharina Wirnitzer
- Department of Sport Science, Leopold-Franzens University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- Department of Research and Development in Teacher Education, University College of Teacher Education Tyrol, Innsbruck, Austria
- Health and Lifestyle Science Cluster Tirol, Subcluster Health/Medicine/Psychology, Tyrolean University Conference, Verbund West, Innsbruck, Austria
- Research Center Medical Humanities, Leopold-Franzens University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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Blonde L, Umpierrez GE, Reddy SS, McGill JB, Berga SL, Bush M, Chandrasekaran S, DeFronzo RA, Einhorn D, Galindo RJ, Gardner TW, Garg R, Garvey WT, Hirsch IB, Hurley DL, Izuora K, Kosiborod M, Olson D, Patel SB, Pop-Busui R, Sadhu AR, Samson SL, Stec C, Tamborlane WV, Tuttle KR, Twining C, Vella A, Vellanki P, Weber SL. American Association of Clinical Endocrinology Clinical Practice Guideline: Developing a Diabetes Mellitus Comprehensive Care Plan-2022 Update. Endocr Pract 2022; 28:923-1049. [PMID: 35963508 PMCID: PMC10200071 DOI: 10.1016/j.eprac.2022.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this clinical practice guideline is to provide updated and new evidence-based recommendations for the comprehensive care of persons with diabetes mellitus to clinicians, diabetes-care teams, other health care professionals and stakeholders, and individuals with diabetes and their caregivers. METHODS The American Association of Clinical Endocrinology selected a task force of medical experts and staff who updated and assessed clinical questions and recommendations from the prior 2015 version of this guideline and conducted literature searches for relevant scientific papers published from January 1, 2015, through May 15, 2022. Selected studies from results of literature searches composed the evidence base to update 2015 recommendations as well as to develop new recommendations based on review of clinical evidence, current practice, expertise, and consensus, according to established American Association of Clinical Endocrinology protocol for guideline development. RESULTS This guideline includes 170 updated and new evidence-based clinical practice recommendations for the comprehensive care of persons with diabetes. Recommendations are divided into four sections: (1) screening, diagnosis, glycemic targets, and glycemic monitoring; (2) comorbidities and complications, including obesity and management with lifestyle, nutrition, and bariatric surgery, hypertension, dyslipidemia, retinopathy, neuropathy, diabetic kidney disease, and cardiovascular disease; (3) management of prediabetes, type 2 diabetes with antihyperglycemic pharmacotherapy and glycemic targets, type 1 diabetes with insulin therapy, hypoglycemia, hospitalized persons, and women with diabetes in pregnancy; (4) education and new topics regarding diabetes and infertility, nutritional supplements, secondary diabetes, social determinants of health, and virtual care, as well as updated recommendations on cancer risk, nonpharmacologic components of pediatric care plans, depression, education and team approach, occupational risk, role of sleep medicine, and vaccinations in persons with diabetes. CONCLUSIONS This updated clinical practice guideline provides evidence-based recommendations to assist with person-centered, team-based clinical decision-making to improve the care of persons with diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - S Sethu Reddy
- Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, Michigan
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Daniel Einhorn
- Scripps Whittier Diabetes Institute, La Jolla, California
| | | | | | - Rajesh Garg
- Lundquist Institute/Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Darin Olson
- Colorado Mountain Medical, LLC, Avon, Colorado
| | | | | | - Archana R Sadhu
- Houston Methodist; Weill Cornell Medicine; Texas A&M College of Medicine; Houston, Texas
| | | | - Carla Stec
- American Association of Clinical Endocrinology, Jacksonville, Florida
| | | | - Katherine R Tuttle
- University of Washington and Providence Health Care, Seattle and Spokane, Washington
| | | | | | | | - Sandra L Weber
- University of South Carolina School of Medicine-Greenville, Prisma Health System, Greenville, South Carolina
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12
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Xu Y, Bi X, Gao T, Yang T, Xu P, Gan Q, Xu J, Cao W, Wang H, Pan H, Ren Z, Yin C, Zhang Q. Effect of School-Based Nutrition and Health Education for Rural Chinese Children. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14193997. [PMID: 36235650 PMCID: PMC9573275 DOI: 10.3390/nu14193997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The nutritional status of rural Chinese children has improved in recent years, but their nutritional knowledge is still relatively lacking. School-based nutrition and health education was conducted for children in three counties of China from 2018 to 2020. The students in the intervention schools were given two-year nutrition and health education courses, while the control schools did not receive any intervention. Students’ nutrition knowledge, dietary intake, and dietary behaviors were collected using a questionnaire, and height and weight were measured uniformly. The nutrition knowledge score in the intervention group was increased by 1.01 and 0.64 points in the first and second years. A multilevel model was used to evaluate the intervention effects. Statistically significant interactions between groups and time were observed in nutrition knowledge, the frequency of eating breakfast, and dietary intake, including meat, eggs, milk, and vegetables (p < 0.05), but not in nutritional status. Therefore, the supplementation of school-based nutrition and health education had a positive impact on the nutrition knowledge and dietary intake of rural Chinese children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Xu
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, NHC Key Laboratory of Trace Element Nutrition, National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xiaoyi Bi
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, NHC Key Laboratory of Trace Element Nutrition, National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Beijing 100050, China
- Beijing Tongzhou District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 101199, China
| | - Tingting Gao
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, NHC Key Laboratory of Trace Element Nutrition, National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Beijing 100050, China
- Beijing Shunyi District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 101300, China
| | - Titi Yang
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, NHC Key Laboratory of Trace Element Nutrition, National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Peipei Xu
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, NHC Key Laboratory of Trace Element Nutrition, National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Qian Gan
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, NHC Key Laboratory of Trace Element Nutrition, National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Juan Xu
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, NHC Key Laboratory of Trace Element Nutrition, National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Wei Cao
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, NHC Key Laboratory of Trace Element Nutrition, National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Hongliang Wang
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, NHC Key Laboratory of Trace Element Nutrition, National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Hui Pan
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, NHC Key Laboratory of Trace Element Nutrition, National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Zhibin Ren
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, NHC Key Laboratory of Trace Element Nutrition, National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Chunjie Yin
- School of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830017, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, NHC Key Laboratory of Trace Element Nutrition, National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Beijing 100050, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-10-6623-7133
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Willeboordse M, Bartelink NHM, van Assema P, Kremers SPJ, Savelberg HHCM, Hahnraths MTH, Vonk L, Oosterhoff M, van Schayck CP, Winkens B, Jansen MWJ. Battling the obesity epidemic with a school-based intervention: Long-term effects of a quasi-experimental study. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0272291. [PMID: 36166426 PMCID: PMC9514666 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0272291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background School-based health-promoting interventions are increasingly seen as an effective population strategy to improve health and prevent obesity. Evidence on the long-term effectiveness of school-based interventions is scarce. This study investigates the four-year effectiveness of the school-based Healthy Primary School of the Future (HPSF) intervention on children’s body mass index z-score (BMIz), and on the secondary outcomes waist circumference (WC), dietary and physical activity (PA) behaviours. Methods and findings This study has a quasi-experimental design with four intervention schools, i.e., two full HPSFs (focus: diet and PA), two partial HPSFs (focus: PA), and four control schools. Primary school children (aged 4–12 years) attending the eight participating schools were invited to enrol in the study between 2015 and 2019. Annual measurements consisted of children’s anthropometry (weight, height and waist circumference), dietary behaviours (child- and parent-reported questionnaires) and PA levels (accelerometers). Between 2015 and 2019, 2236 children enrolled. The average exposure to the school condition was 2·66 (SD 1·33) years, and 900 participants were exposed for the full four years (40·3%). After four years of intervention, both full (estimated intervention effect (B = -0·17 (95%CI -0·27 to -0·08) p = 0·000) and partial HPSF (B = -0·16 (95%CI-0·25 to -0·06) p = 0·001) resulted in significant changes in children’s BMIz compared to control schools. Likewise, WC changed in favour of both full and partial HPSFs. In full HPSFs, almost all dietary behaviours changed significantly in the short term. In the long term, only consumption of water and dairy remained significant compared to control schools. In both partial and full HPSFs, changes in PA behaviours were mostly absent. Interpretation This school-based health-promoting intervention is effective in bringing unfavourable changes in body composition to a halt in both the short and long term. It provides policy makers with robust evidence to sustainably implement these interventions in school-based routine.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Willeboordse
- Department of Family Medicine, Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
| | - N. H. M. Bartelink
- Department of Health Promotion, Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - P. van Assema
- Department of Health Promotion, Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - S. P. J. Kremers
- Department of Health Promotion, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - H. H. C. M. Savelberg
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM) and School of Health Professions Education (SHE), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - M. T. H. Hahnraths
- Department of Family Medicine, Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - L. Vonk
- Department of Health Services Research, Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Academic Collaborative Centre for Public Health Limburg, Heerlen, The Netherlands
| | - M. Oosterhoff
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Medical Technology Assessment, Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - C. P. van Schayck
- Department of Family Medicine, Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - B. Winkens
- Department of Methodology and Statistics, Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - M. W. J. Jansen
- Department of Health Services Research, Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Academic Collaborative Centre for Public Health Limburg, Heerlen, The Netherlands
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14
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Ling J, Wen F, Robbins LB, Pageau L. Motivational interviewing to reduce anthropometrics among children: A meta-analysis, moderation analysis and Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation assessment. Pediatr Obes 2022; 17:e12896. [PMID: 35092188 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.12896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Limited systematic reviews exist to evaluate the effects of motivational interviewing (MI) on children's anthropometric factors. OBJECTIVE This review examined the effects of MI interventions for children and/or parents on children's anthropometric factors and included moderation analyses and Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) assessment. METHODS Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement, we searched Cochrane Library, PubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Sociological Abstracts, SPORTDiscus, Education Resources Information Center, and Web of Science in December 2020. A two-step double screening approach was applied: (1) screening titles and abstracts, and (2) screening full-text articles obtained in step 1. At each step, discussion occurred until reaching consensus. The Cochrane risk-of-bias tool was used to evaluate risk of bias, and GRADE system was applied to assess overall quality of evidence. We performed meta-analyses using the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software. RESULTS A total of 2209 records were found, and 45 eligible articles were retained. MI interventions had a pooled effect of -0.15 on body mass index (BMI; 95% confidence interval [CI]: -0.24 to -0.06), -0.36 on waist circumference (WC; 95% CI: -0.71 to -0.01) and -0.22 on percent body fat (95% CI: -0.41 to -0.03). Child baseline weight status and percent low-income families were identified as significant intervention moderators. According to the GRADE assessment, the quality of evidence on BMI percentile, BMI z-score and percent body fat was moderate, while quality on BMI and WC was low. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, culturally appropriate clinic- or home-based MI interventions with adequate duration, dose and active parental involvement are promising in reducing anthropometrics among children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiying Ling
- Michigan State University College of Nursing, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Fujun Wen
- Center for Family Health, Jackson, Michigan, USA
| | - Lorraine B Robbins
- Michigan State University College of Nursing, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Lauren Pageau
- Michigan State University College of Nursing, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
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15
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Akhtar TN, McGibbon E. Blindspot in the evidence base: A systematic review of psychological interventions for children and adolescents with intellectual disabilities and co-occurring obesity. RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2022; 126:104240. [PMID: 35500443 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2022.104240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children and adolescents with intellectual disabilities (C&A-ID) face many disadvantages in healthcare research and service delivery. Intellectual disabilities have been found to precipitate weight-related problems, and together, they may be indicators of rare genetic diseases (RGDs). C&A-ID may require support for health problems exacerbated by primary diagnoses. While it is generally agreed that C&A-ID have more complex needs than typically developing individuals, psychological services to address these needs are under-explored. AIMS This systematic review aimed to identify psychological interventions for weight management in C&A-ID. METHOD MEDLINE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, The Cochrane Library and SCOPUS were systematically searched. Data extraction and quality appraisal were performed for all eligible studies RESULTS: The search strategy yielded seven studies published in English between 2010 and 2022. All interventions addressed obesity through multi-disciplinary programmes and resulted in weight reductions, with most interventions theoretically influenced by principles of behaviourism. Quality appraisal revealed methodological weaknesses in six of seven studies, such as heterogeneity in samples, interventions, and outcome measures, disallowing meta-analyses and weakening the generalisability of interventions to diverse contexts and groups CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: A genuine disconnect between empirical evidence and services for C&A with complex needs was observed. This emphasises an urgency for increased inclusion in clinical and behavioural research and for robust enquiries to test/adapt psychological interventions for weight management for C&A-ID. The findings of this review hold clinical utility for clinicians working with C&A-ID, and with RGDs such as Bardet-Biedl, Prader-Willi and Down syndromes. Recommendations and a conceptual framework are provided herein for enhanced efficacy of interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tooba Nadeem Akhtar
- The Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, United Kingdom.
| | - Emma McGibbon
- Wolfson Neurodisability Service, Great Ormond Street Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom.
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16
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Lisowski P, Kantanista A, Bronikowski M. Moderate Effects of School-Based Time Increasing Physical Education Intervention on Physical Fitness and Activity of 7-Year Pupils—A Report from a Follow-Up of a HCSC Study. CHILDREN 2022; 9:children9060882. [PMID: 35740818 PMCID: PMC9221894 DOI: 10.3390/children9060882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated the effectiveness of a 15-week intervention that increased from three to five lessons of physical education (PE) a week on 7-year-old boys’ and girls’ physical fitness (PF), physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviour on week and weekend days. A total of 212 first grade pupils (mean age 6.95 ± 0.43) from two urban schools in Poznań were randomly assigned to the experimental or control groups. The PF was measured with a battery of field tests, while health-related behaviours were assessed with the Healthy Children in Sound Communities questionnaire. There were some interaction effects noticed in the PF scores in the case of a 20-min run for boys (F2,196 = 5.29, p = 0.0058) and for girls (F2,220 = 3.31, p = 0.0382) and the sit-ups test for boys (F2,196 = 1.93, p = 0.1478) and for girls (F2,220 = 3.98, p = 0.0201) and for the sit and reach test in the case of girls (F2,220 = 3.98, p = 0.0201). In terms of outdoor PA levels, there were no major differences between any of the examined groups. Differences were found between girls from the experimental and control groups in the post-test (p = 0.0107) and follow-up (p = 0.0390) during the weekdays, with no differences between the groups of boys. Despite the moderate effects of the extended PE time programme right after the intervention, there were some indications of progress in the follow-up experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Lisowski
- Department of School Practice, Poznań University of Physical Education, 61-871 Poznań, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Adam Kantanista
- Department of Physical Education and Lifelong Sports, Poznań University of Physical Education, 61-871 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Michał Bronikowski
- Department of Didactics of Physical Activity, Poznań University of Physical Education, 61-871 Poznań, Poland;
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17
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Bergling E, Pendleton D, Shore E, Harpin S, Whitesell N, Puma J. Implementation Factors and Teacher Experience of the Integrated Nutrition Education Program: A Mixed Methods Program Evaluation. THE JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH 2022; 92:493-503. [PMID: 35174503 DOI: 10.1111/josh.13153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND School-based programs are widely implemented to address childhood obesity. Despite the promise of these programs, evidence on their effectiveness is mixed. Adopting a dissemination and implementation (D&I) science focus utilizing mixed methods can provide a broader understanding and more robust details about these programs. The goal of this evaluation is to understand how implementation factors and teacher experience influence implementation success and outcomes of the Integrated Nutrition Education Program (INEP), an elementary school-based nutrition program, using a mixed-methods design. METHODS Reach, effectiveness, adoption, implementation, maintenance (RE-AIM) framework guided the development of the evaluation and multiple methods were deployed. Hierarchical linear regression was used to assess the association between D&I construct variables within levels of influence and teacher perception of INEP impact from a quantitative end-of-year teacher survey. Follow-up qualitative interviews with teachers were analyzed using constant comparison analysis. RESULTS Workload and burden emerged as significant factors related to implementation in the quantitative analysis. The follow-up qualitative data collection identified other factors teachers found important to the adoption, implementation, and maintenance of INEP. CONCLUSION Results of this evaluation can be used to inform program improvement efforts for INEP and provide information on ways to promote reach, effectiveness, adoption, implementation, and maintenance of similar school-based health promotion programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Bergling
- Rocky Mountain Prevention Research Center, Department of Community and Behavioral Health, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz, 13001 East 17th Avenue, B119 Aurora, CO, 80045
| | - Divyani Pendleton
- Rocky Mountain Prevention Research Center, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz 13001 East 17th Avenue, B119, Aurora, CO, 80045
| | - Emily Shore
- RMC Health, 274 Union Blvd #310, Lakewood, CO, 80228
| | - Scott Harpin
- College of Nursing, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus 13120 E 19th Avenue, Aurora, CO, 80045
| | - Nancy Whitesell
- Department of Community and Behavioral Health, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz, 13001 East 17th Avenue, B119, Aurora, CO, 80045
| | - Jini Puma
- Rocky Mountain Prevention Research Center, Department of Community and Behavioral Health, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz, 13001 East 17th Avenue, B119, Aurora, CO, 80045
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18
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Melnick EM, Bergling E, Pendleton D, Scarbro S, Atwood J, Puma JE. Outcomes of a Multi-Component School-Based Nutrition Program. THE JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH 2022; 92:167-176. [PMID: 34841548 DOI: 10.1111/josh.13117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This paper presents the effectiveness of a multi-component elementary school-based nutrition education program, the Integrated Nutrition Education Program (INEP), which has been in existence for over 25 years. INEP includes components to address multiple layers of influence: hands-on nutrition education lessons in the classroom (student-level), parent education, and outreach (home-level), and facilitation of a planning process to implement policy, system, and environmental (PSE) school changes (school-level). METHODS Three evaluation tools assessed the effectiveness of the program: (1) classroom plate waste measurement in intervention (N = 149 students) and demographically-matched comparison schools (N = 131 students), (2) pre/post classroom surveys completed by students who participated in INEP (N = 204), and (3) PSE change data from participating schools (N = 47 schools). RESULTS Students who participated in the nutrition education program were more likely to consume vegetable-based recipes and vegetables included in classroom nutrition lessons compared to students in comparison classrooms (Chinese vegetable salad: p < .001; couscous salad: p < .001; snap peas: p = .001). Classroom survey analyses showed improvements in student self-efficacy (p < .001), preference for vegetables (p = .005), and knowledge (p < .001). In addition, through a wellness planning process, schools implemented an average of 3.7 PSE changes per school. CONCLUSIONS Results demonstrate a multi-component school-based nutrition education program improves student nutrition-related outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily M Melnick
- Rocky Mountain Prevention Research Center, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 13001 E. 17th Place, Mail Stop B119, Aurora, CO, 80045
| | - Emily Bergling
- Rocky Mountain Prevention Research Center Colorado School of Public Health University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus 13001 E. 17th Place, Mail Stop B119, Aurora, CO, 80045
| | - Divyani Pendleton
- Rocky Mountain Prevention Research Center, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 13001 E. 17th Place, Mail Stop C225-INP, Aurora, CO, 80045
| | - Sharon Scarbro
- Rocky Mountain Prevention Research Center, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 13001 E. 17th Place, Mail Stop B119, Aurora, CO, 80045
| | - Julie Atwood
- Rocky Mountain Prevention Research Center, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 13001 E. 17th Place, Mail Stop C225-INP, Aurora, CO, 80045
| | - Jini E Puma
- Rocky Mountain Prevention Research Center, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 13001 E. 17th Place, Mail Stop B119, Aurora, CO, 80045
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Bergling E, Pendleton D, Owen H, Shore E, Risendal B, Harpin S, Whitesell N, Puma J. Understanding the experience of the implementer: teachers' perspectives on implementing a classroom-based nutrition education program. HEALTH EDUCATION RESEARCH 2022; 36:568-580. [PMID: 34216138 DOI: 10.1093/her/cyab027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
School-based programs are widely implemented to combat childhood obesity, but these programs have mixed results. Dissemination and implementation science approaches to evaluation using qualitative methods can provide more robust details about program functioning that may be able to help explain the variation in the impact of these programs. Fourteen in-depth interviews were conducted with classroom teachers implementing a school-based program, the Integrated Nutrition Education Program (INEP), to explore their experience. Factors related to organization, individual and intervention levels emerged as facilitators and barriers to program implementation. Key factors were school culture at the organization level, individual perception and belief in the intervention at the individual level and program content, perceived complexity and adaptability at the intervention level. Socioeconomic status of the community and family involvement were contextual factors identified across all levels. Findings from this qualitative evaluation can be used for the quality improvement of INEP, but beyond this these can also be informative for other school-based programs to promote adoption, implementation and maintenance.
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20
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Julia Tong T, Mohammadnezhad M, Salem Alqahtani N, Salusalu M. Perception of students on factors contributing to overweight and obesity among high school students in Kiribati: A qualitative study. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0260900. [PMID: 35051216 PMCID: PMC8775294 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Overweight and obesity among high school students is a growing distress not only to the individual wellbeing of a person but also to the productivity of communities and economic expense of both developed and developing nations. This study aimed to determine factors contributing to overweight and obesity among high school students in Kiribati through the perception of students. METHODS This qualitative study was conducted in four (4) randomly selected senior high schools on South Tarawa, Kiribati from August to November, 2020. A purposive sampling was used to select thirty-two (32) students enrolled into form levels 4-7. A semi-structured open-ended questionnaire was used for data collection using face-to-face in-depth interviews. Data was transcribed and analyzed using thematic analysis method. RESULTS This research revealed that the participants were 21 (65.6%) were females and 11 (34.4%) males from form levels four with 9 (28.1%) participants, five with 9 (28.1%) participants, and form seven with 14 (43.8%) participants. Five themes identified including determinants and prevention of overweight and obesity, education and health system factors, stigma, and being fat comes with high risk. These themes collectively elaborate on the essentials of overweight and obesity that are obtained from perspectives of students. CONCLUSION A strong cultural belief and practice has caused misperception of overweight and obesity among students with knowledge-behavior gap recognized as the main reason behind the failure in lifestyle changes among adolescents. Strengthen healthy behavioral lifestyle, improve awareness, and support feasible preventative strategies is recommended to all students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanebu Julia Tong
- Department of Public Health, Ministry of Health and Medical Services, South Tarawa, Kiribati
| | | | | | - Mosese Salusalu
- School of Public Health and Primary Care, Fiji National University, Suva, Fiji
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21
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Caron T, Bernard P, Gadais T. Clinical and school-based intervention strategies for youth obesity prevention: A systematic review. Front Sports Act Living 2022; 4:906857. [PMID: 36923584 PMCID: PMC10008876 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2022.906857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction In the last couple of decades, numerous intervention strategies (ISs) have been formulated in school/community or clinical sectors using physical activity (PA) in order to prevent youth obesity because they have been highly effective in addressing this issue. These two sectors have revealed some interesting information in terms of efficient results and best practice mechanisms, but comparisons between them to learn about their functioning have been rare. Methods Therefore, the aim of this systematic review was to analyze and synthesize PA ISs from school/community or clinical domains for the period 2013-2017, in French or English, targeting youths aged 5-19 years old through primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention. Results In total, 68 full articles were reserved for data extraction and synthesis and 617 were excluded because they did not meet eligibility criteria (61 of 68 were kept for the final analysis). The results identified a number of differences between the studies of the various IS sectors and also a third type of IS, mixed sector. Mixed ISs (clinical and school-community) have a special advantage because they can benefit from the strengths of both school/community-based and clinical-based ISs. Mixed ISs showed the most promising results. This review also highlighted the differences between sectors and their ISs in terms of intervention teams, prevention objectives, duration, materials, and efficiency. Conclusion Future studies should focus on establishing a prevention program in a given geographical area involving all stakeholders with their respective skills/knowledge, in the area of decision-making and in the development of ISs, to ensure that the program is the most efficient and best adapted to its environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Théo Caron
- Faculté des Sports et de l'EP, Université D'Artois, Liévin, France
| | - Paquito Bernard
- Département des Sciences de l'activité physique, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Research Center, University Institute of Mental Health at Montreal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Tegwen Gadais
- Département des Sciences de l'activité physique, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,UNESCO Chair in Curriculum Development (UCCD), Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
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22
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Di Maglie A, Marsigliante S, My G, Colazzo S, Muscella A. Effects of a physical activity intervention on schoolchildren fitness. Physiol Rep 2022; 10:e15115. [PMID: 35075816 PMCID: PMC8787616 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The global prevalence of childhood obesity is high. Obesity main causes are linked to sedentary lifestyles. Increasing physical activity (PA) and reducing sedentary activities are recommended to prevent and treat obesity. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a 6-month school PA intervention on obesity prevention and healthy behaviors in school-aged children. Participating students (10-11 years of age) were randomly divided into an intervention group and a control group. Children in the intervention group (n = 80) participated in a multicomponent PA that included improvement in extracurricular physical activities (with an additional 40 min per day for 5/6 days per week). Children (n = 80) in the control group participated in usual practice. Participants had mean body mass index of 19.7 ± 2.9 kg/m2 , and 33.7% of them were overweight or with obesity at T0. The change in body mass index in intervention group (-2.4 ± 0.6 kg/m2 ) was significantly different from that in control group (3.01 ± 1.8 kg/m2 ). The effects on waist circumference, waist-to-height ratio, and physic fitness were also significant in intervention group compared with control group (all p < 0.05). Furthermore, there is a significant decrease in overweight or children with obesity in the experimental group (to 17.5%, p < 0.05). These findings suggest that a school-based intervention program represents an effective strategy for decreasing the number of overweight and children with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Di Maglie
- Department of History, Society and Human StudiesUniversity of SalentoLecceItaly
| | - Santo Marsigliante
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Technologies (DiSTeBA)University of SalentoLecceItaly
| | - Giulia My
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Technologies (DiSTeBA)University of SalentoLecceItaly
| | - Salvatore Colazzo
- Department of History, Society and Human StudiesUniversity of SalentoLecceItaly
| | - Antonella Muscella
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Technologies (DiSTeBA)University of SalentoLecceItaly
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23
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Narzisi K, Simons J. Interventions that prevent or reduce obesity in children from birth to five years of age: A systematic review. J Child Health Care 2021; 25:320-334. [PMID: 32295414 PMCID: PMC8076837 DOI: 10.1177/1367493520917863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Childhood obesity worldwide affects 5.6% or 38.3 million children under five years of age. The longer children are overweight or obese, the more likely they are to become obese adults with all the contingent morbidity involved. An extensive number of preventive interventions to combat childhood obesity have been carried out worldwide. This article reports a systematic review of interventions aimed to reducing or preventing obesity under-fives. The search was performed with six different databases: Web of Science, PsycINFO, Cochrane, PubMed, Medline, and CINAHL. Studies meeting the inclusion criteria were independently assessed using Joanna Briggs Institute methodology. Thirty studies involving 23,185 children across nine countries were included. Twenty-two were randomised controlled trials, and 8 quasi-experimental pretest/post-test design with comparison. These studies fell into four different categories: home-based interventions with family involvement (n = 12), preschool/early childhood settings (n = 9), multicomponent interventions across multiple settings (n = 6) and healthcare setting (n = 3). Future research should focus on increasing the accessibility of education on diet and physical activity for deprived families as well as the cultural acceptability of interventions to prevent childhood obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katia Narzisi
- Faculty of Wellbeing, Education and Language Studies, The Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes, UK,Katia Narzisi, Faculty of Wellbeing, Education and Language Studies, The Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, UK.
| | - Joan Simons
- Faculty of Wellbeing, Education and Language Studies, The Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes, UK
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Pediatric Adapted Liking Survey (PALS) with Tailored Nutrition Education Messages: Application to a Middle School Setting. Foods 2021; 10:foods10030579. [PMID: 33801962 PMCID: PMC8001433 DOI: 10.3390/foods10030579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We tested the feasibility of a school-based, liking-based behavioral screener (Pediatric Adapted Liking Survey (PALS)) and message program to motivate healthy diet and activity behaviors. Students, recruited from middle- (n = 195) or low-income (n = 310) schools, online-reported: likes/dislikes of foods/beverages and physical/sedentary activities, scored into healthy behavior indexes (HBI); perceived food insecurity; and sleep indicators. Students received tailored motivating or reinforcing messages (aligned with behavior change theories) and indicated their willingness to improve target behaviors as well as program feasibility (acceptability; usefulness). Although HBIs averaged lower in the lower versus middle-income school, frequencies of food insecurity were similar (39-44% of students). Students in both schools reported sleep concerns (middle-income school-43% reported insufficient hours of sleep/night; low-income school-55% reported excessive daytime sleepiness). Students across both schools confirmed the PALS acceptability (>85% agreement to answering questions quickly and completion without help) and usefulness (≥73% agreed PALS got them thinking about their behaviors) as well as the tailored message acceptability (≥73% reported the messages as helpful; learning new information; wanting to receive more messages) and usefulness (73% reported "liking" to try one behavioral improvement). Neither message type nor response varied significantly by food insecurity or sleep measures. Thus, this program feasibly delivered students acceptable and useful messages to motivate healthier behaviors and identified areas for school-wide health promotion.
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25
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Farewell CV, Puma J, Bergling E, Webb J, Quinlan J, Shah P, Maiurro E. An exploration of constructs related to dissemination and implementation of an early childhood systems-level intervention. HEALTH EDUCATION RESEARCH 2020; 35:574-583. [PMID: 33001208 DOI: 10.1093/her/cyaa038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Obesity and overweight in early childhood have detrimental impacts on children's health and development. Changing policy, system and environmental features focused on physical activity and healthy eating behaviors as part of health promotion interventions can play a key role in prevention strategies in early childhood education settings. These types of changes can have broad reach and are often sustained over time, which allows for impact on children who enter the early childhood education setting year after year. However, there is currently a gap between the generation of evidence for health promotion programs and their application into practice. This study used qualitative methods to evaluate intervention-, organizational- and individual-level factors within a dissemination and implementation framework that may be related to the implementation of a health-promoting intervention in early childhood education settings. Intervention-level factors, including feasibility and adaptability, organizational-level factors, including staff and leadership engagement, and individual-level factors, including attitudes, skills and knowledge, were identified as constructs that impacted the successful implementation of the intervention. These findings provide insight into core dissemination and implementation constructs that should be targeted by obesity prevention interventions in early childhood education settings to ensure maximum impact on sustainable behavior change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte V Farewell
- Rocky Mountain Prevention Research Center, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA
| | - Jini Puma
- Rocky Mountain Prevention Research Center, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA
| | - Emily Bergling
- Rocky Mountain Prevention Research Center, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA
| | - Julie Webb
- Rocky Mountain Prevention Research Center, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA
| | - Jennie Quinlan
- Rocky Mountain Prevention Research Center, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA
| | - Puja Shah
- Rocky Mountain Prevention Research Center, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA
| | - Emily Maiurro
- Rocky Mountain Prevention Research Center, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA
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26
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Bergling E, Farewell C, Puma J. Development of a Dissemination and Implementation Framework for an Early Childhood Obesity Prevention Program. JOURNAL OF NUTRITION EDUCATION AND BEHAVIOR 2020; 52:1160-1165. [PMID: 33008744 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneb.2020.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Dissemination and implementation (D&I) science addresses the disconnect between evidence-based research and practical application in community settings. Early childhood education settings are ideal for the application of D&I research because of their widespread use for implementing health promotion interventions. A D&I framework was applied to the Culture of Wellness in Preschools program, a comprehensive early childhood obesity prevention program. The development and application of the Culture of Wellness in Preschools D&I framework can lead to a more comprehensive approach to program evaluation and quality improvement and can contribute more broadly to the body of evidence of nutrition-related health promotion programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Bergling
- Rocky Mountain Prevention Research Center, Department of Community and Behavioral Health, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO.
| | - Charlotte Farewell
- Rocky Mountain Prevention Research Center, Department of Community and Behavioral Health, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Jini Puma
- Rocky Mountain Prevention Research Center, Department of Community and Behavioral Health, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
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27
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Ohrt TK, Perez M, Liew J, Hernández JC, Yu KY. The influence of temperament on stress-induced emotional eating in children. Obes Sci Pract 2020; 6:524-534. [PMID: 33082994 PMCID: PMC7556421 DOI: 10.1002/osp4.439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Stress‐induced emotional eating is a risk factor for overweight and obesity. Previous research proposes both the human serotonin transporter gene (5‐HTTLPR) and child's reactive temperament are promising candidates to help explain individual differences in stress‐induced emotional eating and weight. Understanding the association between specific genotypes, reactive temperament factors, and stress‐induced emotional eating may inform the development of personalized and effective treatment for children who may be at risk for overweight and obesity. Objective The current study explored the conditional indirect effect of genetic and environmental susceptibility (i.e., the interaction between 5‐HTTLPR and reactive temperament) on weight (as measured by percent body fat) mediated by stress‐induced emotional eating. Method One hundred and forty‐seven children (4 to 6 years old; 50.3% female; 22.4% Hispanic), along with their primary caregiver, completed laboratory tasks and questionnaires that assessed the child's reactive temperament, stress‐induced emotional eating, and percent body fat. Results The interaction between 5‐HTTLPR and impulsivity as well as with negative affectivity significantly predicted percent body fat. The interaction between 5‐HTTLPR and impulsivity as well as with negative affectivity significantly predicted both total calorie consumption and rate of total calorie consumption. However, the mediation aspect of this statistical model was not supported. Conclusions Child reactive temperament is an important indicator of how children approach eating when stressed. Mental health providers may consider prescribing strategies to reduce emotional eating among children with the SL variant and moderate to high impulsivity as well as children with the LL variant and high negative affectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marisol Perez
- Department of PsychologyArizona State UniversityTempeArizonaUSA
| | - Jeffrey Liew
- Department of Educational PsychologyTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTexasUSA
| | | | - Kimberly Yim Yu
- Department of PsychologyArizona State UniversityTempeArizonaUSA
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28
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Moon RC, Cunningham SA, Gazmararian J. Impact of Weight Status on the Cardiopulmonary Fitness Outcome of a School-Based Physical Activity Program. THE JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH 2020; 90:762-770. [PMID: 32794603 PMCID: PMC7856835 DOI: 10.1111/josh.12936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effectiveness of school-based physical activity interventions for improving cardiopulmonary fitness (CPF) of overweight and obese children is not well established. In this study, we evaluated whether overweight and obese children had similar changes in body mass index (BMI) and CPF as normal weight children after participating in a program for one academic year. METHODS Using purposive sampling at the school level, we selected 16 program and 7 control schools in a large metropolitan area in the Southeast during the 2015-2016 academic year. In these schools, 3396 fourth-graders participated with parental consent. Of these, 2332 (68.7%) participated in BMI measures and 1780 (52.4%) in Progressive Aerobic Cardiovascular Endurance Run (PACER) measures for CPF at two time points. RESULTS Students of all weight statuses pre-program did not show changes in BMI after program implementation. All students showed statistically significant improvements in the PACER test at follow-up, regardless of their participation in the program. However, overweight and obese children showed less improvement in CPF level than their normal weight classmates, regardless of their participation in the program. CONCLUSION Special attention for improving engagements of overweight and obese children may be needed to achieve improvements in their CPF level similar to that of normal weight students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rena C. Moon
- Department of Bariatric Surgery, Orlando Regional Medical Center, Orlando Health, Orlando, FL 32806
| | - Solveig A. Cunningham
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA30322
| | - Julie Gazmararian
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA30322
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29
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Pallan M, Griffin T, Hurley KL, Lancashire E, Blissett J, Frew E, Griffith L, Hemming K, Jolly K, McGee E, Thompson JL, Jackson L, Gill P, Parry J, Adab P. Cultural adaptation of an existing children's weight management programme: the CHANGE intervention and feasibility RCT. Health Technol Assess 2020; 23:1-166. [PMID: 31293236 DOI: 10.3310/hta23330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Excess weight in children is a continuing health issue. Community-based children's weight management programmes have had some effect in promoting weight loss. Families from minority ethnic communities are less likely to complete these programmes but, to date, no programmes have been culturally adapted to address this. OBJECTIVES We aimed to (1) culturally adapt an existing weight management programme for children aged 4-11 years and their families to make it more suited to Pakistani and Bangladeshi communities but inclusive of all families and (2) evaluate the adapted programme to assess its feasibility and acceptability, as well as the feasibility of methods, for a future full-scale trial. DESIGN In phase I, a cultural adaptation of a programme that was informed by formative research and guided by two theoretical frameworks was undertaken and in phase II this adapted programme was delivered in a cluster-randomised feasibility study (for which the clusters were the standard and adapted children's weight management programmes). SETTING Birmingham: a large, ethnically diverse UK city. PARTICIPANTS In phase I, Pakistani and Bangladeshi parents of children with excess weight, and, in phase II, children aged 4-11 years who have excess weight and their families. INTERVENTIONS A culturally adapted children's weight management programme, comprising six sessions, which was delivered to children and parents, targeting diet and physical activity and incorporating behaviour change techniques, was developed in phase I and delivered in the intervention arm to 16 groups in phase II. The eight groups in the comparator arm received the standard (unadapted) children's weight management programme. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The primary outcome was the proportion of Pakistani and Bangladeshi families completing (attending ≥ 60% of) the adapted programme. Secondary outcomes included the proportion of all families completing the adapted programme, the feasibility of delivery of the programme, the programme's acceptability to participants, the feasibility of trial processes and the feasibility of collection of outcome and cost data. RESULTS The proportion of Pakistani and Bangladeshi families and all families completing the adapted programme was 78.8% [95% confidence interval (CI) 64.8% to 88.2%] and 76.3% (95% CI 67.0% to 83.6%), respectively. The programme was feasible to deliver with some refinements and was well received. Ninety-two families participated in outcome data collection. Data collection was mostly feasible, but participant burden was high. Data collection on the cost of programme delivery was feasible, but costs to families were more challenging to capture. There was high attrition over the 6-month follow-up period (35%) and differential attrition in the two study arms (29% and 52% in the intervention and comparator arms, respectively). LIMITATIONS The study was not designed to address the issue of low participant uptake of children's weight management programmes. The design of a future trial may include individual randomisation and a 'minimal intervention' arm, the acceptability of which has not been evaluated in this study. CONCLUSIONS The theoretically informed, culturally adapted children's weight management programme was highly acceptable to children and families of all ethnicities. Consideration should be given to a future trial to evaluate clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of the adapted programme, but the design of a future trial would need to address the logistics of data collection, participant burden and study attrition. TRIAL REGISTRATION Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN81798055. FUNDING This project was funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Health Technology Assessment programme and will be published in full in Health Technology Assessment; Vol. 23, No. 33. See the NIHR Journals Library website for further project information. Kate Jolly is part-funded by the Collaboration for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care West Midlands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miranda Pallan
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Tania Griffin
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Kiya L Hurley
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Emma Lancashire
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Jacqueline Blissett
- School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,Faculty Research Centre for Technology Enabled Health Research, Coventry University, Coventry, UK
| | - Emma Frew
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Laura Griffith
- School of Social Policy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Karla Hemming
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Kate Jolly
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Eleanor McGee
- Birmingham Community Nutrition, Birmingham Community Healthcare NHS Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Janice L Thompson
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Louise Jackson
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Paramjit Gill
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Jayne Parry
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Peymane Adab
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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Lima RA, Andersen LB, Soares FC, Kriemler S. The causal pathway effects of a physical activity intervention on adiposity in children: The KISS Study cluster randomized clinical trial. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2020; 30:1685-1691. [PMID: 32501613 PMCID: PMC7496602 DOI: 10.1111/sms.13741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background Very little information on the potential mechanisms of the physical activity interventions effects on adiposity is available. We evaluated the possible mediating factors of a physical activity school‐based intervention on the sum of skinfolds in children. Methods This is a cluster randomized trial, secondary analysis of the KISS study. Children (n = 499) from the first and fifth grades were randomly assigned to intervention or control group. Adiposity was estimated by four skinfolds, aerobic fitness assessed by the shuttle run test, and insulin, triglycerides, total cholesterol, high‐density lipoprotein (HDL), and glucose collected via fasting blood samples. Results The intervention affected aerobic fitness (0.140 SD, 95% CI 0.011 to 0.270), triglycerides (0.217 SD, 95% CI −0.409 to −0.025), cholesterol/HDL ratio (−0.191 SD, 95% CI −0.334 to −0.047), glucose (−0.330 SD, 95% CI −0.538 to −0.121), and skinfolds (−0.122 SD, 95% CI −0.189 to −0.056). No intervention effect on insulin was found. We observed that changes in aerobic fitness impacted children's triglycerides and cholesterol/HDL ratio and consecutively the glucose levels mediating 30% of the intervention effect on skinfolds. Conclusions Our findings provided evidence of the positive metabolic distress caused by a physical activity intervention on adiposity levels in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Antunes Lima
- Institute of Sports Science, University of Graz, Graz, Austria.,Research Group on Lifestyles and Health, University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Lars Bo Andersen
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway.,Faculty of Education, Arts and Sport, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Susi Kriemler
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
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31
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Pan HJ, Hung LJ, Chen CY. Effect of class-based lifestyle intervention on the management of childhood obesity. Obes Res Clin Pract 2020; 14:184-190. [PMID: 32381350 DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2020.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Childhood obesity is prevalent in southern Taiwan and lifestyle interventions for the management of childhood obesity are challenging. How to overcome the barriers of implementation programs is crucial. We offered lunchtime education and integrated it into education programs. Finally, we evaluated whether such an intervention could change unhealthy behaviors and reduce obesity tendency among elementary students. METHODS This was a prospective cohort study, conducted at an elementary school from September 2015 to July 2018. We distributed a lifestyle questionnaire to assess the students' dietary habits and physical activities before our intervention. We offered class-based interactive nutrition programs and record the behavior and weight change each semester. The body mass index (BMI) of the students were obtained each semester, and they were categorized as underweight, normal, overweight, and obese according to the age-specific BMI. RESULTS In total, 279 students were followed for 3 consecutive years. The most prevalent unhealthy dietary habit was the consumption of sweetened beverages in approximately 76% of the students. At the end of the study, the percentage of normal weight increased and the overall percentage of overweight/obesity decreased in both groups. At the end of the study, the BMI-time curve became flatter than that of Kaohsiung (regional) city and approached the national standard. It indicates that the increase in average BMI was effectively delayed with our intervention. CONCLUSIONS Lunchtime education is an innovative way to provide class-based education programs in school that yielded behavior changes and are effective approaches for delaying childhood obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiang Ju Pan
- Department of Family Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, No.386, Dazhong 1st Rd., Zuoying Dist., Kaohsiung City 81362, Taiwan; Fooyin University, 151 Jinxue Rd., Daliao Dist., Kaohsiung City 83102, Taiwan.
| | - Li Ju Hung
- Department of Family Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, No.386, Dazhong 1st Rd., Zuoying Dist., Kaohsiung City 81362, Taiwan; National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, No. 415, Jiangong Rd., Sanmin Dist., Kaohsiung City 80778, Taiwan
| | - Chieh Yu Chen
- Department of Family Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, No.386, Dazhong 1st Rd., Zuoying Dist., Kaohsiung City 81362, Taiwan
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32
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Long JD, Dodd SL, Doumit R, Boswell C, O'Boyle MW, Rogers T. Integrative Review of Dietary Choice Revealed by fMRI: Considerations for Obesity Prevention and Weight-Loss Education. Worldviews Evid Based Nurs 2020; 17:151-157. [PMID: 32187819 DOI: 10.1111/wvn.12424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emerging findings from neuroimaging studies investigating brain activity associated with dietary behavior are illuminating the interaction of biological and behavioral mechanisms that have implications for obesity prevention. Globally, A total of 1.9 billion adults are overweight, and 650 million are obese. Obesity and being overweight are major risk factors for chronic illness and death. Behaviorally based health interventions have had limited success in curbing the obesity epidemic. Greater understanding of brain responses to food cues will contribute to new knowledge and shape public health efforts in obesity prevention. However, an integration of this knowledge for obesity prevention education has not been published. AIMS This study links evidence generated from brain activation studies generated in response to diet and food images and highlights educational recommendations for nurses engaged in obesity prevention and weight-loss education. METHODS An integrative review of the literature was conducted using the MeSH keywords "magnetic resonance imaging," "diet," and "food images" in PubMed, MEDLINE Complete, CINAHL, and Cochrane databases from their first appearance in 2006 through March 2018. Studies published in English and using functional magnetic resonance imaging to measure brain response to diet, and food images were initially identified. Animal models, those whose primary focus was a specific disease, and intervention studies were excluded. RESULTS Of 159 studies identified, 26 met inclusion criteria. Findings from neuroimaging studies may help explain the relationship between brain mechanisms and behavioral aspects of dietary choice and inform patient education in obesity prevention. Awareness of this evidence is applicable to nursing education efforts. This review contributes several recommendations that should be considered by nurses providing individualized weight-loss education. LINKING EVIDENCE TO ACTION Nurses engaged in patient education for obesity prevention should consider personalized interventions that cultivate internal awareness for dietary adherence, self-care, exercise, hydration, and mood state; avoid using caloric deprivation approaches, such as skipping breakfast, for weight-loss interventions; and note the importance of individualized obesity prevention and weight-loss education.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sara L Dodd
- Center for Adolescent Resiliency, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Rita Doumit
- Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Carol Boswell
- Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Odessa, TX, USA
| | | | - Toby Rogers
- College of Professional Studies, Lubbock Christian University, Lubbock, TX, USA
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Kühr P, Lima RA, Grøntved A, Wedderkopp N, Klakk H. Three times as much physical education reduced the risk of children being overweight or obese after 5 years. Acta Paediatr 2020; 109:595-601. [PMID: 31509297 PMCID: PMC7028115 DOI: 10.1111/apa.15005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM We evaluated the effect that increasing physical education lessons from 1.5 to 4.5 hours per week for 5 years had on the body mass index (BMI) and waist circumferences of children aged 5-11 years at inclusion. METHODS From 2008 to 2013, six intervention schools in Svendborg, Denmark, delivered 4.5 hours of physical education lessons per week to 750 children. Meanwhile, four matched control schools gave 549 children the standard 1.5 hours of physical education lessons per week. Measurements were taken at baseline and yearly for 5 years. Of the 1299 children, 81 joined the schools after 2008. RESULTS At baseline, the percentage of overweight children was 12% in the intervention schools and 13% in the control schools, whereas 15% and 19% were abdominal obese, respectively. After 5 years, the respective risks of remaining abdominal obese or overweight were 43% and 51% in the intervention schools and 78% and 84% in the control schools. Mean BMI increased 0.450 kg/m2 more in the control group over the five-year period. The intervention was not effective in decreasing the average waist circumference. CONCLUSION Three times as much physical education lessons per week, for 5 years, effectively decreased BMI and the likelihood of remaining overweight or obese.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Kühr
- Department of Sport Science and Clinical Biomechanics Research Unit for Exercise Epidemiology Centre of Research in Childhood Health Faculty of Health University of Southern Denmark Odense Denmark
- Faculty of Sport and Exercise Sciences University of Rome Rome Italy
| | - Rodrigo Antunes Lima
- Ministry of Education of Brazil CAPES Foundation Brasília – DF Brazil
- Institute of Sport Science University of Graz Graz Austria
| | - Anders Grøntved
- Department of Sport Science and Clinical Biomechanics Research Unit for Exercise Epidemiology Centre of Research in Childhood Health Faculty of Health University of Southern Denmark Odense Denmark
| | - Niels Wedderkopp
- Department of Sport Science and Clinical Biomechanics Research Unit for Exercise Epidemiology Centre of Research in Childhood Health Faculty of Health University of Southern Denmark Odense Denmark
- Institute of Regional Health Research University of Southern Denmark Odense M Denmark
- University of New Brunswick Fredericton NB Canada
- Orthopedic Department Hospital of Southwestern Jutland Esbjerg Denmark
| | - Heidi Klakk
- Department of Sport Science and Clinical Biomechanics Research Unit for Exercise Epidemiology Centre of Research in Childhood Health Faculty of Health University of Southern Denmark Odense Denmark
- Faculty of Applied Health Science University College Lillebaelt Odense Denmark
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Long MW, Weber MR, Allan MJ, Ma Y, Jin Y, Aldous A, Elliot AJ, Burke H. Evaluation of a pragmatic trial of a collaborative school-based obesity prevention intervention in a low-income urban district. Prev Med 2020; 133:106020. [PMID: 32045615 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2020.106020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Broader adoption of effective school-based obesity prevention interventions is critical to the success of ongoing efforts to address the childhood obesity epidemic. School-level barriers to adopting evidence-based interventions may be overcome by empowering school-level leaders to select appropriate intervention components. We used a quasi-experimental pragmatic trial design to evaluate a tailored obesity prevention intervention in 9 schools in a mid-sized urban school district in upstate New York from fall 2013 to spring 2016. We analyzed repeated height and weight measurements from an existing district screening system on 5882 students from intervention and control schools matched using propensity score methods. We assessed diet and physical activity changes in intervention schools using surveys and direct observation. The intervention led to a change of -0.27 (p = 0.026, 95% Confidence Interval (CI): -0.51, -0.03) and -0.28 (p = 0.031, 95% CI: -0.54, -0.03) BMI units in spring 2014 and fall 2014, respectively. There were no significant differences between intervention and control from spring 2015 to spring 2016. Despite the lack of sustained effects on BMI, we demonstrated the potential of supporting school leaders in a low-income district to implement supportive policy and practice changes and of using an existing BMI screening system to reduce the burden of health promotion evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael W Long
- Department of Prevention and Community Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States of America.
| | - Melissa R Weber
- Children's Institute, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States of America
| | - Marjorie J Allan
- Children's Institute, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States of America
| | - Yan Ma
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Yichen Jin
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Annette Aldous
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Ari J Elliot
- Greater Rochester Health Foundation, Rochester, NY, United States of America
| | - Heidi Burke
- Greater Rochester Health Foundation, Rochester, NY, United States of America
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Hart CN, Jelalian E, Raynor HA. Behavioral and social routines and biological rhythms in prevention and treatment of pediatric obesity. AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGIST 2020; 75:152-162. [PMID: 32052991 PMCID: PMC7839074 DOI: 10.1037/amp0000599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A growing body of research supports the potential importance of behavioral and social routines for children's health promotion and obesity risk reduction. Evidence in support of this comes from multiple lines of research, which suggest that specific behavioral routines, namely, eating and sleep routines, may be protective against excessive weight gain and development of pediatric obesity. Emerging work also supports the potential importance of the timing of these behavioral routines. From a circadian perspective, alignment of behavioral and social routines with underlying circadian rhythms may be particularly important for enhancing children's weight regulation. Specifically, engaging in appropriately timed behavioral routines may serve to entrain circadian rhythms that affect metabolism and weight regulation. Thus, in addition to promoting healthier eating, activity, and sleep behaviors for prevention and treatment of pediatric obesity, it may also be important to consider promotion of consistency in, and optimal timing of, these behaviors in an effort to enhance extant prevention and treatment approaches. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantelle N Hart
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, College of Public Health, Temple University
| | - Elissa Jelalian
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University
| | - Hollie A Raynor
- Department of Nutrition, College of Education, Health and Human Sciences, University of Tennessee
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St George SM, Agosto Y, Rojas LM, Soares M, Bahamon M, Prado G, Smith JD. A developmental cascade perspective of paediatric obesity: A systematic review of preventive interventions from infancy through late adolescence. Obes Rev 2020; 21:e12939. [PMID: 31808277 PMCID: PMC6980892 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The goals of this systematic review were to identify and describe paediatric obesity prevention interventions from infancy to late adolescence and to provide recommendations for future intervention research in light of a recently proposed developmental cascade (DC) model of paediatric obesity. We conducted an electronic search of randomized controlled trials with a minimum 6-month postintervention follow-up published between 1995 and 2019. We included 74 interventions: prenatal/infancy (n = 4), early childhood (n = 11), childhood (n = 38), early to mid-adolescence (n = 18), and late adolescence (n = 3). Infancy and early childhood trials targeted early feeding and positive parenting skills. Half of the childhood and adolescence trials were school based and used universal prevention strategies; those classified as selective or indicated prevention tended to involve the family for more intensive lifestyle modification. Less than 10% of studies followed participants over long periods of time (greater than or equal to 5 years), and only 16% and 31% of studies assessed intervention mediators and moderators, respectively. We recommend that future interventions focus on early prevention, assess long-term intervention effects, use a standardized taxonomy for defining intervention behavioural strategies, assess underlying mechanisms of action and intervention moderators, target parent and family management strategies across development, and increase scientific equity. We also provide specific recommendations regarding intervention targets for each developmental stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara M St George
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Yaray Agosto
- Department of Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, Robert Stempel College of Public Health & Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, Florida
| | - Lourdes M Rojas
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Mary Soares
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Monica Bahamon
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Guillermo Prado
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Justin D Smith
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Department of Preventive Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
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Cao Z, Hua J, Zhang D, Thapa JR, Wang S. A cohort study assessing the sustainable long-term effectiveness of a childhood-obesity intervention in China. Int J Epidemiol 2020; 48:108-115. [PMID: 30357404 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyy145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity has become a global epidemic, with substantial impacts on children's health. Numerous intervention studies for the prevention of obesity in children have been conducted during the most recent decade, but very few have evaluated the long-term and sustainable effectiveness of such prevention efforts. METHODS We conducted a follow-up study during September 2015 and September 2017, based upon a previous 3-year cluster randomized-controlled study (RCT) for a comprehensive childhood-obesity intervention in 14 primary schools in Shanghai, China. A total of 929 students were enrolled in the study. Generalized estimating equation approaches were applied to analyse student's body mass index (BMI), BMI z-score at baseline and three annual long-term follow-ups. RESULTS Three years after the end of the RCT study, the odds of developing obesity and the odds of developing obesity or overweight in the intervention group were both lower than in the control group among girls [OR(obesity) = 0.299, p = 0.010 and OR (overweight/obesity) = 0.493, p = 0.013]; the odds of developing obesity or overweight in the intervention group was lower than in the control group among boys (OR = 0.369, p = 0.017). Compared with the baseline, the BMI z-scores in the intervention group were lower than those in the control group for both normal-weight students (-0.027) and overweight or obese students (-0.074). CONCLUSIONS The 3-year RCT showed significant and reliable long-term effects on preventing childhood obesity, particularly among girls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijuan Cao
- Department of Women and Children's Health Care, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Hua
- Department of Women and Children's Health Care, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Meteorology and Health, Shanghai Meteorological Service, Shanghai, China
| | - Donglan Zhang
- Department of Health Policy and Management, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Janani R Thapa
- Department of Health Policy and Management, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Shumei Wang
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Improving the Metabolic and Mental Health of Children with Obesity: A School-Based Nutrition Education and Physical Activity Intervention in Wuhan, China. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12010194. [PMID: 31936767 PMCID: PMC7019828 DOI: 10.3390/nu12010194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a school-based nutrition education and physical activity intervention on cardiovascular risk profile and mental health outcomes among Chinese children with obesity. Two primary schools were randomly allocated to the control group (CG) and the intervention group (IG). We selected children with obesity from 1340 students in the third and fourth grades as participants. The IG received 8 months of nutrition education and physical activity intervention, while the CG was waitlisted. A generalized estimating equation model was applied to assess repeated variables over time. A total of 171 children with obesity (99 IG and 72 CG) aged 9.8 ± 0.7 years completed the post-intervention stage. Compared with baseline, significant reductions were observed within the IG for depression and fasting plasma glucose at post-intervention. After adjusting for confounders, group and time interaction effects showed that the IG achieved improvements in the risk of poor well-being (p = 0.051) and social anxiety (p = 0.029), had decreased diastolic blood pressure (p = 0.020) and fasting plasma glucose (p < 0.001), and had significantly increased high-density lipoprotein (p < 0.001) from baseline to post-intervention relative to the CG. The effects of school-based nutrition education and physical activity intervention on children with obesity are diverse, including not only the improvement of metabolic health but also mental health promotion.
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Yuksel HS, Şahin FN, Maksimovic N, Drid P, Bianco A. School-Based Intervention Programs for Preventing Obesity and Promoting Physical Activity and Fitness: A Systematic Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E347. [PMID: 31947891 PMCID: PMC6981629 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17010347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
With the significant decrease in physical activity rates, the importance of intervention programs in the schools, where children spend a significant part of the day, has become indisputable. The purpose of this review is to systematically examine the possibility of school-based interventions on promoting physical activity and physical fitness as well as preventing obesity. A systematic approach adopting PRISMA statement was implemented in this study. Three different databases (2010-2019) were screened and primary and secondary school-based intervention programs measuring at least one variable of obesity, physical activity, or physical fitness were included. The risk of bias was assessed using the validated quality assessment tool for quantitative studies. Among 395 potentially related studies, 19 studies were found to meet the eligibility criteria. A general look at the studies examined reveals that among the outcomes, of which most (18/19) were examined, a significant improvement was provided in at least one of them. When the program details are examined, it can be said that the success rate of the physical activity-oriented programs is higher in all variables. School-based interventions can have important potential for obesity prevention and promotion of physical activity and fitness if they focus more on the content, quality, duration and priority of the physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fatma Neşe Şahin
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Ankara University, 06830 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nebojsa Maksimovic
- Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Patrik Drid
- Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Antonino Bianco
- Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, 90144 Palermo, Italy
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Bandurska E, Brzeziński M, Metelska P, Zarzeczna-Baran M. Cost-Effectiveness of an Obesity Management Program for 6- to 15-Year-Old Children in Poland: Data from Over Three Thousand Participants. Obes Facts 2020; 13:487-498. [PMID: 32957099 PMCID: PMC7670340 DOI: 10.1159/000509130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity and overweight, including childhood obesity and overweight, pose a public health challenge worldwide. According to the available research findings, long-term interventions focusing on dietary behavior, physical activity, and psychological support are the most effective in reducing obesity in children aged 6-18 years. There are limited studies showing the financial effectiveness of such interventions. OBJECTIVE The objective of the present study was to evaluate cost-effectiveness of the 6-10-14 for Health weight management program using pharmacoeconomic indicators, i.e., cost-effectiveness analysis using the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio. METHODS We used anthropometric data of 3,081 children included in a 1-year-long intervention with a full financial cost assessment. RESULTS The cost of removing a child from the overweight group (BMI >85th percentile) was PLN 27,758 (EUR 6,463), and the cost of removing a child from the obese group (BMI >95th percentile) was slightly lower, i.e., PLN 23,601 (EUR 5,495). Given the obesity-related medical costs calculated in the life-long perspective, these results can be considered encouraging. At the same time, when comparing the total costs per participant with the costs of other interventions, it can be noted that they are similar to the costs of school programs containing more than 1 type of intervention. CONCLUSIONS The 6-10-14 for Health program can be considered cost-effective. As a result of committing financial resources in the approximate amount of EUR 1,790 per child, around half of the children participating in the program have improved their weight indicators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Bandurska
- Department of Public Health and Social Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Michał Brzeziński
- 6-10-14 for Health Program, University Clinical Center in Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland,
- Department of Paediatrics, Gastroenterology, Allergology and Paediatric Nutrition, Gdansk, Poland,
| | - Paulina Metelska
- Department of Public Health and Social Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
- 6-10-14 for Health Program, University Clinical Center in Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Marzena Zarzeczna-Baran
- Department of Public Health and Social Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
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Psaltopoulou T, Tzanninis S, Ntanasis-Stathopoulos I, Panotopoulos G, Kostopoulou M, Tzanninis IG, Tsagianni A, Sergentanis TN. Prevention and treatment of childhood and adolescent obesity: a systematic review of meta-analyses. World J Pediatr 2019; 15:350-381. [PMID: 31313240 DOI: 10.1007/s12519-019-00266-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The goal of this systematic review is to synthesize the published meta-analyses assessing the role of nutritional, behavioral and physical activity factors/interventions on the prevention or treatment of pediatric and adolescent obesity. METHODS An online search was conducted in PubMed (end-of-search: September 30, 2015); English-language meta-analyses pooling observational and/or interventional studies examining weight-related indices on children and adolescents were included. RESULTS Sixty-six meta-analyses corresponding to more than 900,000 children and adolescents were retrieved. The majority of meta-analyses included interventional studies most of which referred to mixed or combined interventions, including components such as diet, physical activity and sedentary behavior reduction. Discrepancies between meta-analyses on observational and interventional studies were noted. Combined interventions including physical activity and nutritional modifications seemed to represent the most effective means for tackling childhood obesity. CONCLUSIONS Synthesis of interventional or observational evidence may yield discrepant results. The combination of enhanced physical activity and improved nutrition emerged as a promising intervention in the fight against childhood/adolescent obesity. However, further research is needed about the most effective multidimensional prevention strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodora Psaltopoulou
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75, M. Asias Str, 115 27, Athens, Greece.
| | - Stamatios Tzanninis
- Department of Medicine, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Ioannis Ntanasis-Stathopoulos
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - George Panotopoulos
- Hellenic Association for the Study of Obesity, Metabolism and Eating Disorders (HASOMED), Athens, Greece
| | - Myrto Kostopoulou
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75, M. Asias Str, 115 27, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Anastasia Tsagianni
- Division of Internal Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC), Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Theodoros N Sergentanis
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75, M. Asias Str, 115 27, Athens, Greece
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Bahia L, Schaan CW, Sparrenberger K, Abreu GDA, Barufaldi LA, Coutinho W, Schaan BD. Overview of meta-analysis on prevention and treatment of childhood obesity. J Pediatr (Rio J) 2019; 95:385-400. [PMID: 30121174 DOI: 10.1016/j.jped.2018.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to assess the quality of systematic reviews on prevention and non-pharmacological treatment of overweight and obesity in children and adolescents. DATA SOURCE A search was done in electronic databases (Medline via PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, LILACS, the Cochrane Library, and Clinical Trials), including only systematic reviews with meta-analysis. Reviews were selected by two researchers, and a third one solved the divergences. PRISMA statement and checklist were followed. SUMMARY OF DATA A total of 4574 records were retrieved, including 24 after selection. Six reviews were on obesity prevention, 17 on obesity treatment, and one on mixed interventions for prevention and treatment of obesity. The interventions were very heterogeneous and showed little or no effects on weight or body mass index. Mixed interventions that included dieting, exercise, actions to reduce sedentary behavior, and programs involving the school or families showed some short-term positive effects. Reviews that analyzed cardiovascular risk factors demonstrated significant improvements in the short-term. CONCLUSION The systematic reviews of interventions to prevent or reduce obesity in children and adolescents generally showed little or no effects on weight or body mass index, although cardiovascular profile can be improved. Mixed interventions demonstrated better effects, but the long-term impact of obesity treatments of children and adolescents remains unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Bahia
- Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Departamento de Medicina Interna, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Instituto de Avaliação de Tecnologia em Saúde (IATS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Camila Wohlgemuth Schaan
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas: Endocrinologia, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Karen Sparrenberger
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas: Endocrinologia, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Gabriela de Azevedo Abreu
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Instituto de Estudos em Saúde Coletiva, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Laura Augusta Barufaldi
- Ministério da Saúde, Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde, Departamento de Vigilância de Doenças e Agravos Não Transmissíveis e Promoção da Saúde, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Walmir Coutinho
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio), Instituto Estadual de Diabetes e Endocrinologia (IEDE), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Beatriz D Schaan
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas: Endocrinologia, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Departamento de Medicina Interna, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Bahia L, Schaan CW, Sparrenberger K, Abreu GDA, Barufaldi LA, Coutinho W, Schaan BD. Overview of meta‐analysis on prevention and treatment of childhood obesity. JORNAL DE PEDIATRIA (VERSÃO EM PORTUGUÊS) 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedp.2018.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
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Pallan M, Griffin T, Hurley K, Lancashire E, Blissett J, Frew E, Gill P, Griffith L, Jolly K, McGee E, Parry J, Thompson JL, Adab P. Cultural adaptation of a children's weight management programme: Child weigHt mANaGement for Ethnically diverse communities (CHANGE) study. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:848. [PMID: 31253113 PMCID: PMC6599293 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-7159-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood obesity prevalence continues to be at high levels in the United Kingdom (UK). South Asian children (mainly Pakistani and Bangladeshi origin) with excess adiposity are at particular risk from the cardiovascular consequences of obesity. Many community-based children's weight management programmes have been delivered in the UK, but none have been adapted for diverse cultural communities. The aim of the Child weigHt mANaGement for Ethnically diverse communities (CHANGE) study, was to culturally adapt an existing children's weight management programme for children aged 4-11 years so that the programme was more able to meet the needs of families from South Asian communities. METHODS The adaptation process was applied to First Steps, an evidence informed programme being delivered in Birmingham (a large, ethnically diverse city). A qualitative study was undertaken to obtain the views of South Asian parents of children with excess weight, who had fully or partially attended, or who had initially agreed but then declined to attend the First Steps programme. The resulting data were integrated with current research evidence and local programme information as part of a cultural adaptation process that was guided by two theoretical frameworks. RESULTS Interviews or focus groups with 31 parents in their preferred languages were undertaken. Themes arising from the data included the need for convenient timing of a programme in a close familiar location, support for those who do not speak English, the need to focus on health rather than weight, nutritional content that focuses on traditional and Western diets, more physical activity content, and support with parenting skills. The data were mapped to the Behaviour Change Wheel framework and Typology of Cultural Adaptation to develop an intervention programme outline. The research evidence and local programme information was then used in the detailed planning of the programme sessions. CONCLUSIONS The process of cultural adaptation of an existing children's weight management programme resulted in a theoretically underpinned programme that is culturally adapted at both the surface and deep structural levels. TRIAL REGISTRATION ISRCTN81798055 , registered: 13/05/2014.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miranda Pallan
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT UK
| | - Tania Griffin
- Department for Health, University of Bath, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY UK
| | - Kiya Hurley
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT UK
| | - Emma Lancashire
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT UK
| | - Jacqueline Blissett
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham, B4 7ET UK
| | - Emma Frew
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT UK
| | - Paramjit Gill
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL UK
| | - Laura Griffith
- School of Social Policy, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT UK
| | - Kate Jolly
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT UK
| | - Eleanor McGee
- Birmingham Community Healthcare NHS Trust, 1 Priestley Wharf, Holt Street, Birmingham, B7 4BN UK
| | - Jayne Parry
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT UK
| | - Janice L. Thompson
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT UK
| | - Peymane Adab
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT UK
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Zacarías G, Shamah-Levy T, Elton-Puente E, Garbus P, García OP. Development of an intervention program to prevent childhood obesity targeted to Mexican mothers of school-aged children using intervention mapping and social cognitive theory. EVALUATION AND PROGRAM PLANNING 2019; 74:27-37. [PMID: 30807872 DOI: 10.1016/j.evalprogplan.2019.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 02/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In Mexico, data from the last National Health and Nutrition Survey (2016) described the increase in the prevalence of overweight and obesity in school-aged children (33.2%). Obesity prevention strategies have not been effective, and currently, Mexico has one of the highest prevalence of childhood obesity. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop strategies that can prevent childhood obesity and also to avoid these children to remain overweight/obese through adulthood. The objective of this study was to provide a step-by-step description of the design, implementation and evaluation of an intervention plan for Mexican mothers of school aged children to promote healthy eating and to prevent childhood obesity. The program Niño Sano Adulto Sano was developed using the Intervention Mapping Approach and the Social Cognitive Theory frameworks to provide Mexican mothers with knowledge and skills to positively modify their children's food behavior, thus preventing future weight gain. The program was developed, piloted and delivered to the target population with positive results on the mothers' nutrition knowledge and children's BMI. Intervention Mapping and Social Cognitive Theory are useful models to design and deliver an intervention that provides a holistic approach to promote healthy eating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilda Zacarías
- School of Natural Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Avenida de las Ciencias s/n Juriquilla, 76230, Queretaro, Mexico.
| | - Teresa Shamah-Levy
- National Institute of Public Health, Av. Universidad #655, Col. Sta. Ma. Ahuacatitlán, 62100, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico.
| | - Elizabeth Elton-Puente
- School of Natural Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Avenida de las Ciencias s/n Juriquilla, 76230, Queretaro, Mexico.
| | - Pamela Garbus
- School of Psychology, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Cerro de las Campanas s/n. Las Campanas, 76010, Querétaro, Mexico.
| | - Olga P García
- School of Natural Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Avenida de las Ciencias s/n Juriquilla, 76230, Queretaro, Mexico.
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Williams SE, Hardie D. Introduction to Sanford Health Children’s Health & Fitness ( fit) Initiative: A Physical and Emotional Health Promotional Intervention. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH EDUCATION 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/19325037.2019.1590257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Changes in Sedentary and Active Lifestyle, Diet Quality and Body Composition Nine Months after an Education Program in Polish Students Aged 11⁻12 Years: Report from the ABC of Healthy Eating Study. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11020331. [PMID: 30717465 PMCID: PMC6412996 DOI: 10.3390/nu11020331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The sustainability of education focused on improving the dietary and lifestyle behaviours of teenagers has not been extensively studied. The aim of this study was to determine the sustainability of diet-related and lifestyle-related school-based education on sedentary and active lifestyle, diet quality and body composition of Polish pre-teenagers in a medium-term follow-up study. An education-based intervention study was carried out on 464 students aged 11–12 years (educated/control group: 319/145). Anthropometric measurements were taken and body mass index (BMI) and waist-to-height ratios (WHtR) were calculated, both at the baseline and after nine months. Dietary data from a short-form food frequency questionnaire (SF-FFQ4PolishChildren) were collected. Two measures of lifestyle (screen time, physical activity) and two diet quality scores (pro-healthy, pHDI, and non-healthy, nHDI) were established. After nine months, in the educated group (vs. control) a significantly higher increase was found in nutrition knowledge score (mean difference of the change: 1.8 points) with a significantly higher decrease in physical activity (mean difference of the change: −0.20 points), nHDI (−2.3% points), the z-WHtR (−0.18 SD), and the z-waist circumference (−0.13 SD). Logistic regression modelling with an adjustment for confounders revealed that after nine months in the educated group (referent: control), the chance of adherence to a nutrition knowledge score of at least the median was over 2 times higher, and that of the nHDI category of at least the median was significantly lower (by 35%). In conclusion, diet-related and lifestyle-related school-based education from an almost one-year perspective can reduce central adiposity in pre-teenagers, despite a decrease in physical activity and the tendency to increase screen time. Central adiposity reduction can be attributed to the improvement of nutrition knowledge in pre-teenagers subjected to the provided education and to stopping the increase in unhealthy dietary habits.
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The impact of a multilevel childhood obesity prevention intervention on healthful food acquisition, preparation, and fruit and vegetable consumption on African-American adult caregivers. Public Health Nutr 2018; 22:1300-1315. [PMID: 30463637 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980018003038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the secondary impact of a multilevel, child-focused, obesity intervention on food-related behaviours (acquisition, preparation, fruit and vegetable (FV) consumption) on youths' primary caregivers. DESIGN B'More Healthy Communities for Kids (BHCK) group-randomized controlled trial promoted access to healthy foods and food-related behaviours through wholesaler and small store strategies, peer mentor-led nutrition education aimed at youths, and social media and text messaging targeting their adult caregivers. Measures included caregivers' (n 516) self-reported household food acquisition frequency for FV, snacks and grocery items over 30 d, and usual FV consumption in a sub-sample of 226 caregivers via the NCI FV Screener. Hierarchical models assessed average treatment effects (ATE). Treatment-on-the-treated-effect (TTE) analyses evaluated correlation between behavioural change and exposure to BHCK. Exposure scores at post-assessment were based on self-reported viewing of BHCK materials and participating in activities. SETTING Thirty Baltimore City low-income neighbourhoods, USA.ParticipantsAdult caregivers of youths aged 9-15 years. RESULTS Of caregivers, 90·89 % were female; mean age 39·31 (sd 9·31) years. Baseline mean (sd) intake (servings/d) was 1·30 (1·69) fruits and 1·35 (1·05) vegetables. In ATE, no significant intervention effect was found on caregivers' food-related behaviours. In TTE, each point increase in BHCK exposure score (range: 0-6·9) increased caregivers' daily fruit consumption by 0·2 servings (0·24 (se 0·11); 95 % CI 0·04, 0·47). Caregivers reporting greater social media exposure tripled their daily fruit intake (3·16 (se 0·92); 95 % CI 1·33, 4·99) and increased their frequency of unhealthy food purchasing v. baseline. CONCLUSIONS Child-focused community-based nutrition interventions may also benefit family members' fruit intake. Child-focused interventions should involve adult caregivers and intervention effects on family members should be assessed. Future multilevel studies should consider using social media to improve reach and engage caregiver participants.
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Effect of an Education Program on Nutrition Knowledge, Attitudes toward Nutrition, Diet Quality, Lifestyle, and Body Composition in Polish Teenagers. The ABC of Healthy Eating Project: Design, Protocol, and Methodology. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10101439. [PMID: 30720795 PMCID: PMC6213798 DOI: 10.3390/nu10101439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
To increase teenagers’ nutrition knowledge is an important target and has the potential to improve their dietary habits and lifestyle while reducing incidences of obesity-related non-communicable diseases throughout the whole lifespan. This study protocol presents the general approach and details of an assessment of nutritional knowledge, attitudes toward nutrition, diet quality, lifestyle and body composition that have been used to comprehensively evaluate the cross-behavioral patterns covering dietary and lifestyle behaviors in Polish teenagers. The study was designed in two paths as: a cross-sectional study (covering 1569 students) and an education-based intervention study (464 students) with a 9-month follow-up. We describe a short form of the food frequency questionnaire (SF-FFQ4PolishChildren) used to collect data and details of diet-related and lifestyle-related education program, which was developed and implemented by academic researchers involved in the study. We also describe details of the data development and statistical analysis, including multidimensional methods of clustering variables to identify cross-behavioral patterns covering diet and lifestyle. The results of the study will provide evidence-based support for preventive health care to promote normal growth and development of young population and reduce the risk of diet-related diseases in adulthood, by early shaping of adequate dietary and lifestyle behaviors. In the future, well-tailored education programs addressed to teenagers can be created as an important public health action, based on our results.
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