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Shao S, Zou Y, Kennedy KG, Dimick MK, Andreazza AC, Young LT, Goncalves VF, MacIntosh BJ, Goldstein BI. Pilot study of circulating cell-free mitochondrial DNA in relation to brain structure in youth bipolar disorder. Int J Bipolar Disord 2024; 12:21. [PMID: 38874862 PMCID: PMC11178693 DOI: 10.1186/s40345-024-00334-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondrial dysfunction is implicated in the neuropathology of bipolar disorder (BD). Higher circulating cell-free mitochondrial DNA (ccf-mtDNA), generally reflecting poorer mitochondrial health, has been associated with greater symptoms severity in BD. The current study examines the association of serum ccf-mtDNA and brain structure in relation to youth BD. We hypothesized that higher ccf-mtDNA will be associated with measures of lower brain structure, particularly in the BD group. METHODS Participants included 40 youth (BD, n = 19; Control group [CG], n = 21; aged 13-20 years). Serum ccf-mtDNA levels were assayed. T1-weighted brain images were acquired using 3T-MRI. Region of interest (ROI) analyses examined prefrontal cortex (PFC) and whole brain gray matter, alongside exploratory vertex-wise analyses. Analyses examined ccf-mtDNA main-effects and ccf-mtDNA-by-diagnosis interaction effects controlling for age, sex, and intracranial volume. RESULTS There was no significant difference in ccf-mtDNA levels between BD and CG. In ROI analyses, higher ccf-mtDNA was associated with higher PFC surface area (SA) (β = 0.32 p < 0.001) and PFC volume (β = 0.32 p = 0.002) in the overall sample. In stratified analyses, higher ccf-mtDNA was associated with higher PFC SA within both subgroups (BD: β = 0.39 p = 0.02; CG: β = 0.24 p = 0.045). Higher ccf-mtDNA was associated with higher PFC volume within the BD group (β = 0.39 p = 0.046). In vertex-wise analyses, higher ccf-mtDNA was associated with higher SA and volume in frontal clusters within the overall sample and within the BD group. There were significant ccf-mtDNA-by-diagnosis interactions in three frontal and parietal clusters, whereby higher ccf-mtDNA was associated with higher neurostructural metrics in the BD group but lower neurostructural metrics in CG. CONCLUSIONS Contrasting our hypothesis, higher ccf-mtDNA was consistently associated with higher, rather than lower, regional neuralstructural metrics among youth with BD. While this finding may reflect a compensatory mechanism, future repeated-measures prospective studies evaluating the inter-relationship among ccf-mtDNA, mood, and brain structure across developmental epochs and illness stages are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suyi Shao
- Centre for Youth Bipolar Disorder, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Yi Zou
- Centre for Youth Bipolar Disorder, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kody G Kennedy
- Centre for Youth Bipolar Disorder, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mikaela K Dimick
- Centre for Youth Bipolar Disorder, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ana C Andreazza
- Centre for Youth Bipolar Disorder, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - L Trevor Young
- Centre for Youth Bipolar Disorder, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Vanessa F Goncalves
- Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Bradley J MacIntosh
- Centre for Youth Bipolar Disorder, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Heart and Stroke Foundation Canadian Partnership for Stroke Recovery, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Benjamin I Goldstein
- Centre for Youth Bipolar Disorder, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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Shen F, Zhou H. Advances in the etiology and neuroimaging of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Front Pediatr 2024; 12:1400468. [PMID: 38915870 PMCID: PMC11194347 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2024.1400468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most common neurodevelopmental disorder in children, characterized by age-inappropriate inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity, which can cause extensive damage to children's academic, occupational, and social skills. This review will present current advancements in the field of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, including genetics, environmental factors, epigenetics, and neuroimaging features. Simultaneously, we will discuss the highlights of promising directions for further study.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hui Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
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3
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Biačková N, Adamová A, Klírová M. Transcranial alternating current stimulation in affecting cognitive impairment in psychiatric disorders: a review. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2024; 274:803-826. [PMID: 37682331 PMCID: PMC11127835 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-023-01687-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) is a non-invasive brain stimulation method that, through its manipulation of endogenous oscillations, can affect cognition in healthy adults. Given the fact that both endogenous oscillations and cognition are impaired in various psychiatric diagnoses, tACS might represent a suitable intervention. We conducted a search of Pubmed and Web of Science databases and reviewed 27 studies where tACS is used in psychiatric diagnoses and cognition change is evaluated. TACS is a safe and well-tolerated intervention method, suitable for multiple-sessions protocols. It can be administered at home, individualized according to the patient''s anatomical and functional characteristics, or used as a marker of disease progression. The results are varying across diagnoses and applied protocols, with some protocols showing a long-term effect. However, the overall number of studies is small with a great variety of diagnoses and tACS parameters, such as electrode montage or used frequency. Precise mechanisms of tACS interaction with pathophysiological processes are only partially described and need further research. Currently, tACS seems to be a feasible method to alleviate cognitive impairment in psychiatric patients; however, a more robust confirmation of efficacy of potential protocols is needed to introduce it into clinical practise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Biačková
- Neurostimulation Department, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
- Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Andrea Adamová
- Neurostimulation Department, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
- Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Monika Klírová
- Neurostimulation Department, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic.
- Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
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Patino LR, Tallman MJ, Wen H, Adler CM, Welge JA, DelBello MP. Deficits in sustained attention in adolescents with bipolar disorder during their first manic episode. J Affect Disord 2023; 339:43-51. [PMID: 37380109 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Evaluate differences in sustained attention (SAT) and associated neurofunctional profiles between bipolar disorder type I (BD), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and healthy comparison (HC) youth. METHODS Adolescent participants, aged 12-17 years, with BD (n = 30) and ADHD (n = 28) and HC adolescents (n = 26) underwent structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) while completing a modified Continuous Performance Task-Identical Pairs task. Attentional load was modifying in this task using three levels of image distortion (0 %, 25 % and 50 % image distortion). Task related fMRI activation and performance measures: perceptual sensitivity index (PSI); response bias (RB) and response time (RT); were calculated and compared between groups. RESULTS BD participants displayed lower perceptual sensitivity index (0 % p = 0.012; 25 % p = 0.015; 50 % p = 0.036) and higher values of response bias across levels of distortion (0 % p = 0.002, 25 % p = 0.001, and 50 % p = 0.008) as compared to HC. No statistically significant differences were observed for PSI and RB between BD and ADHD groups. No difference in RT were detected. Between-group and within-group differences in task related fMRI measures were detected in several clusters. In a region of interest (ROI) analysis of these clusters comparing BD and ADHD confirmed differences between these two groups. CONCLUSIONS Compared with HC, BD participants displayed SAT deficits. Increased attentional load revealed that BD participants had lower activation in brain regions associated with performance and integration of neural processes in SAT. ROI analysis between BD and ADHD participants shows that the differences were likely not attributable to ADHD comorbidity, suggesting SAT deficits were distinct to the BD group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis R Patino
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
| | - Maxwell J Tallman
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Hongbo Wen
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Caleb M Adler
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Welge
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Melissa P DelBello
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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Namaky N, Swearingen HR, Winter J, Bozzay M, Primack JM, Philip NS, Barredo J. Suicidal thoughts and behaviours among military veterans: protocol for a prospective, observational, neuroimaging study. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e070654. [PMID: 37586858 PMCID: PMC10432662 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-070654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study's overarching goal is to examine the relationship between brain circuits and suicidal thoughts and behaviours (STBs) in a transdiagnostic sample of US military veterans. Because STBs have been linked with maladaptive decision-making and disorders linked to impulsivity, this investigation focuses on valence and inhibitory control circuits. METHODS AND ANALYSIS In this prospective, observational study, we will collect functional MRI (fMRI), cognitive and clinical data from 136 veterans (target sample size) recruited from the Providence VA Health System (PVAHS): 68 with STBs and 68 matched controls. Behavioural data will be collected using standardised measures of STBs, psychiatric symptoms, cognition, functioning and medical history. Neuroimaging data will include structural, task and resting fMRI. We will conduct follow-up interviews and assessments at 6, 12 and 24 months post-enrolment. Primary analyses will compare data from veterans with and without STBs and will also evaluate whether activation and connectivity within circuits of valence and inhibition covary with historical and prospective patterns of suicidal ideation and behaviour. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The PVAHS Institutional Review Board approved this study (2018-051). Written informed consent will be obtained from all participants. Findings from this study will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at local, regional, national and international conferences.Nauder Namaky, Ph.D.* nauder_namaky@brown.edu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nauder Namaky
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
- VA RR&D Center for Neurorestoration and Neurotechnology, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Hannah R Swearingen
- VA RR&D Center for Neurorestoration and Neurotechnology, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Jake Winter
- VA RR&D Center for Neurorestoration and Neurotechnology, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Melanie Bozzay
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Jennifer M Primack
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
- VA Long Term Services and Support Center of Innovation, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Noah S Philip
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
- VA RR&D Center for Neurorestoration and Neurotechnology, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Jennifer Barredo
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
- VA RR&D Center for Neurorestoration and Neurotechnology, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
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Chan CC, Alter S, Hazlett EA, Shafritz KM, Yehuda R, Goodman M, Haznedar MM, Szeszko PR. Neural correlates of impulsivity in bipolar disorder: A systematic review and clinical implications. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 147:105109. [PMID: 36813146 PMCID: PMC11073484 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Impulsivity is a common feature of bipolar disorder (BD) with ramifications for functional impairment and premature mortality. This PRISMA-guided systematic review aims to integrate findings on the neurocircuitry associated with impulsivity in BD. We searched for functional neuroimaging studies that examined rapid-response impulsivity and choice impulsivity using the Go/No-Go Task, Stop-Signal Task, and Delay Discounting Task. Findings from 33 studies were synthesized with an emphasis on the effect of mood state of the sample and affective salience of the task. Results suggest trait-like brain activation abnormalities in regions implicated in impulsivity that persist across mood states. During rapid-response inhibition, BD exhibit under-activation of key frontal, insular, parietal, cingulate, and thalamic regions, but over-activation of these regions when the task involves emotional stimuli. Delay discounting tasks with functional neuroimaging in BD are lacking, but hyperactivity of orbitofrontal and striatal regions associated with reward hypersensitivity may be related to difficulty delaying gratification. We propose a working model of neurocircuitry dysfunction underlying behavioral impulsivity in BD. Clinical implications and future directions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi C Chan
- Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (MIRECC), James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Sharon Alter
- Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (MIRECC), James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Erin A Hazlett
- Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (MIRECC), James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Keith M Shafritz
- Department of Psychology, Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY, USA; Institute of Behavioral Science, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Rachel Yehuda
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Mental Health Patient Care Center, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Marianne Goodman
- Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (MIRECC), James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - M Mehmet Haznedar
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Mental Health Patient Care Center, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Philip R Szeszko
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Mental Health Patient Care Center, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
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Wu T, Liu X, Cheng F, Wang S, Li C, Zhou D, Zhang W. Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex dysfunction caused by a go/no-go task in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: A functional near-infrared spectroscopy study. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1145485. [PMID: 37056303 PMCID: PMC10086251 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1145485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundChildren with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) exhibit executive function deficits, which can be attributed to a dysfunction in the prefrontal region of the brain. Our study aims to evaluate the alteration of brain activity in children with ADHD during the administration of a go/no-go task using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) in comparison to a control group containing typically developing (TD) children.Methods32 children with ADHD and 31 of their TD peers were recruited and asked to perform a go/no-go task while undergoing measurements, with the aim of detecting changes in average oxygenated hemoglobin signaling (Δavg oxy-Hb) via fNIRS in the prefrontal lobe.ResultsfNIRS data showed significant differences between the left and right dorsolateral prefrontal cortices, with a lower Δavg oxy-Hb change in the ADHD group compared to the TD group.ConclusionOur results indicate that brain dysfunction in children with ADHD is related to functional impairments in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. The go/no-go task paired with fNIRS represents a useful measurement tool to assess prefrontal brain dysfunction in children struggling with ADHD.
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Luciano M, Di Vincenzo M, Mancuso E, Marafioti N, Di Cerbo A, Giallonardo V, Sampogna G, Fiorillo A. Does the Brain Matter? Cortical Alterations in Pediatric Bipolar Disorder: A Critical Review of Structural and Functional Magnetic Resonance Studies. Curr Neuropharmacol 2023; 21:1302-1318. [PMID: 36173069 PMCID: PMC10324338 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x20666220927114417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Pediatric bipolar disorder (PBD) is associated with significant psychosocial impairment, high use of mental health services and a high number of relapses and hospitalization. Neuroimaging techniques provide the opportunity to study the neurodevelopmental processes underlying PBD, helping to identify the endophenotypic markers of illness and early biological markers of PBD. The aim of the study is to review available studies assessing structural and functional brain correlates associated with PBD. PubMed, ISI Web of Knowledge and PsychINFO databases have been searched. Studies were included if they enrolled patients aged 0-18 years with a main diagnosis of PBD according to ICD or DSM made by a mental health professional, adopted structural and/or functional magnetic resonance as the main neuroimaging method, were written in English and included a comparison with healthy subjects. Of the 400 identified articles, 46 papers were included. Patients with PBD present functional and anatomic alterations in structures normally affecting regulations and cognition. Structural neuroimaging revealed a significant reduction in gray matter, with cortical thinning in bilateral frontal, parietal and occipital cortices. Functional neuroimaging studies reported a reduced engagement of the frontolimbic and hyperactivation of the frontostriatal circuitry. Available studies on brain connectivity in PBD patients potentially indicate less efficient connections between regions involved in cognitive and emotional functions. A greater functional definition of alteration in brain functioning of PBD patients will be useful to set up a developmentally sensitive targeted pharmacological and nonpharmacological intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Luciano
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Matteo Di Vincenzo
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Emiliana Mancuso
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Niccolò Marafioti
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Arcangelo Di Cerbo
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Gaia Sampogna
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Andrea Fiorillo
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
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Salehinejad MA, Ghanavati E, Glinski B, Hallajian AH, Azarkolah A. A systematic review of randomized controlled trials on efficacy and safety of transcranial direct current stimulation in major neurodevelopmental disorders: ADHD, autism, and dyslexia. Brain Behav 2022; 12:e2724. [PMID: 35938945 PMCID: PMC9480913 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Among the target groups in child and adolescent psychiatry, transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has been more applied in neurodevelopmental disorders specifically, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and dyslexia. This systematic review aims to provide the latest update on published randomized-controlled trials applying tDCS in these disorders for evaluating its efficacy and safety. METHODS Based on a pre-registered protocol (PROSPERO: CRD42022321430) and using the PRISMA approach, a literature search identified 35 randomized controlled trials investigating the effects of tDCS on children and adolescents with ADHD (n = 17), ASD (n = 11), and dyslexia (n = 7). RESULTS In ADHD, prefrontal anodal tDCS is reported more effective compared to stimulation of the right inferior frontal gyrus. Similarly in ASD, prefrontal anodal tDCS was found effective for improving behavioral problems. In dyslexia, stimulating temporoparietal regions was the most common and effective protocol. In ASD and dyslexia, all tDCS studies found an improvement in at least one of the outcome variables while 64.7% of studies (11 of 17) in ADHD found a similar effect. About 88% of all tDCS studies with a multi-session design in 3 disorders (16 of 18) reported a significant improvement in one or all outcome variables after the intervention. Randomized, double-blind, controlled trials consisted of around 70.5%, 36.3%, and 57.1% of tDCS studies in ADHD, ASD, and dyslexia, respectively. tDCS was found safe with no reported serious side effects in 6587 sessions conducted on 745 children and adolescents across 35 studies. CONCLUSION tDCS was found safe and partially effective. For evaluation of clinical utility, larger randomized controlled trials with a double-blind design and follow-up measurements are required. Titration studies that systematically evaluate different stimulation intensities, duration, and electrode placement are lacking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ali Salehinejad
- Department of Psychology and Neurosciences, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Elham Ghanavati
- Department of Psychology and Neurosciences, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund, Germany.,Department of Psychology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Benedikt Glinski
- Department of Psychology and Neurosciences, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund, Germany.,Department of Psychology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | | | - Anita Azarkolah
- Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Atieh Clinical Neuroscience Center, Tehran, Iran
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An examination of the relationships between attention/deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms and functional connectivity over time. Neuropsychopharmacology 2022; 47:704-710. [PMID: 33558680 PMCID: PMC8782893 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-021-00958-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Previous cross-sectional work has demonstrated resting-state connectivity abnormalities in children and adolescents with attention/deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) relative to typically developing controls. However, it is unclear to what extent these neural abnormalities confer risk for later symptoms of the disorder, or represent the downstream effects of symptoms on functional connectivity. Here, we studied 167 children and adolescents (mean age at baseline = 10.74 years (SD = 2.54); mean age at follow-up = 13.3 years (SD = 2.48); 56 females) with varying levels of ADHD symptoms, all of whom underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging and ADHD symptom assessments on two occasions during development. Resting-state functional connectivity was quantified using eigenvector centrality mapping. Using voxelwise cross-lag modeling, we found that less connectivity at baseline within right inferior frontal gyrus was associated with more follow-up symptoms of inattention (significant at an uncorrected cluster-forming threshold of p ≤ 0.001 and a cluster-level familywise error corrected threshold of p < 0.05). Findings suggest that previously reported cross-sectional abnormalities in functional connectivity within inferior frontal gyrus in patients with ADHD may represent a longitudinal risk factor for the disorder, in line with efforts to target this region with novel therapeutic methods.
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Chiang HL, Yang LK, Chen YJ, Hsu YC, Lo YC, Isaac Tseng WY, Shur-Fen Gau S. Altered White-matter Tract Property in Adults with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Neuroscience 2022; 487:78-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2022.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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12
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Yu M, Gao X, Niu X, Zhang M, Yang Z, Han S, Cheng J, Zhang Y. Meta-analysis of structural and functional alterations of brain in patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:1070142. [PMID: 36683981 PMCID: PMC9853532 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1070142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A large and growing body of neuroimaging research has concentrated on patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), but with inconsistent conclusions. This article was intended to investigate the common and certain neural alterations in the structure and function of the brain in patients with ADHD and further explore the differences in brain alterations between adults and children with ADHD. METHODS We conducted an extensive literature search of whole-brain voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies associated with ADHD. Two separate meta-analyses with the seed-based d mapping software package for functional neural activation and gray matter volume (GMV) were carried out, followed by a joint analysis and a subgroup analysis. RESULTS This analysis included 29 VBM studies and 36 fMRI studies. Structurally, VBM analysis showed that the largest GMV diminutions in patients with ADHD were in several frontal-parietal brain regions, the limbic system, and the corpus callosum. Functionally, fMRI analysis discovered significant hypoactivation in several frontal-temporal brain regions, the right postcentral gyrus, the left insula, and the corpus callosum. CONCLUSION This study showed that abnormal alterations in the structure and function of the left superior frontal gyrus and the corpus callosum may be the key brain regions involved in the pathogenesis of ADHD in patients and may be employed as an imaging metric for patients with ADHD pending future research. In addition, this meta-analysis discovered neuroanatomical or functional abnormalities in other brain regions in patients with ADHD as well as findings that can be utilized to guide future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Yu
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Molecular Imaging of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Engineering Technology Research Center for Detection and Application of Brain Function of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Engineering Research Center of Medical Imaging Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Brain Function of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Cognitive Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Imaging Intelligence Research Medicine of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xinyu Gao
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Molecular Imaging of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Engineering Technology Research Center for Detection and Application of Brain Function of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Engineering Research Center of Medical Imaging Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Brain Function of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Cognitive Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Imaging Intelligence Research Medicine of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyu Niu
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Molecular Imaging of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Engineering Technology Research Center for Detection and Application of Brain Function of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Engineering Research Center of Medical Imaging Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Brain Function of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Cognitive Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Imaging Intelligence Research Medicine of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Mengzhe Zhang
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Molecular Imaging of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Engineering Technology Research Center for Detection and Application of Brain Function of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Engineering Research Center of Medical Imaging Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Brain Function of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Cognitive Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Imaging Intelligence Research Medicine of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhengui Yang
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Molecular Imaging of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Engineering Technology Research Center for Detection and Application of Brain Function of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Engineering Research Center of Medical Imaging Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Brain Function of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Cognitive Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Imaging Intelligence Research Medicine of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shaoqiang Han
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Molecular Imaging of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Engineering Technology Research Center for Detection and Application of Brain Function of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Engineering Research Center of Medical Imaging Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Brain Function of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Cognitive Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Imaging Intelligence Research Medicine of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jingliang Cheng
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Molecular Imaging of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Engineering Technology Research Center for Detection and Application of Brain Function of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Engineering Research Center of Medical Imaging Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Brain Function of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Cognitive Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Imaging Intelligence Research Medicine of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Molecular Imaging of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Engineering Technology Research Center for Detection and Application of Brain Function of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Engineering Research Center of Medical Imaging Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Brain Function of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Cognitive Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Imaging Intelligence Research Medicine of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
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13
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Simonetti A, Kurian S, Saxena J, Verrico CD, Soares JC, Sani G, Saxena K. Cognitive correlates of impulsive aggression in youth with pediatric bipolar disorder and bipolar offspring. J Affect Disord 2021; 287:387-396. [PMID: 33838473 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.03.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Youth with bipolar disorder (BD) and offspring of individuals with BD (BD-OFF) are characterized by higher levels of impulsive and overt aggression. The cognitive basis underlying these aggressive behaviors are not clarified in this population. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between cognitive alterations and aggressive behavior in youth with BD and BD-OFF. METHODS Forty-two youth with BD, 17 BD-OFF and 57 healthy controls (HCs) were administered the Modified Overt Aggression Scale (MOAS), the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB), the Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) and the Children's Depression Rating Scale (CDRS). Multiple linear regression analyses were performed in the three groups separately. In each group, tests scores from the CANTAB were predictors. MOAS subscale scores and MOAS total scores were dependent variables. Results are corrected for age, IQ and mood state. RESULTS Both youth with BD and BD-OFF showed positive correlations between impairment in executive functions and levels of verbal aggression. In youth with BD, altered processing of either positive and negative stimuli positively correlated with MOAS total scores, whereas in BD-OFF, such relationship was negative. CONCLUSIONS Impulsive aggressive behaviors in youth with BD arise from a combination of altered affective processing and executive dysfunction. The negative relationship between affective processing and aggression in BD-OFF suggested the presence of possible mechanisms of resilience in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Simonetti
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Section of Psychiatry; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCCS, Italy; Centro Lucio Bini, Rome, Italy.
| | - Sherin Kurian
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Johanna Saxena
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Christopher D Verrico
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Jair C Soares
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Gabriele Sani
- Department of Neuroscience, Section of Psychiatry; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCCS, Italy; Department of Neuroscience, Section of Psychiatry, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.
| | - Kirti Saxena
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA.
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14
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Khafif TC, Rotenberg LDS, Nascimento C, Beraldi GH, Lafer B. Emotion regulation in pediatric bipolar disorder: A meta-analysis of published studies. J Affect Disord 2021; 285:86-96. [PMID: 33639359 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emotion regulation is a relatively recent topic in psychiatry, and has only recently begun to be tested across Pediatric Bipolar Disorder (PBD). To date, no meta-analysis has investigated the presence of emotion regulation deficits in PBD patients. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study is to understand where the literature stands on this topic, as well as how different researchers are measuring and grasping the concept of emotion regulation in pediatric bipolar disorders. METHODS A systematic search of trials using the terms ("Pediatric Bipolar Disorder") AND ("Emotion Regulation" OR "Affect Regulation" OR "Mood Lability" OR "Mood Instability" OR "Irritability") was conducted using PubMed, Google Scholar, ResearchGate, Web of Science and Psych Info databases. Of the initial 366 articles identified, 8 met eligibility criteria for the meta-analysis and were included in this study. RESULTS There is a statistically significant difference in Accuracy in Emotion Regulation tasks, with a tendency for lower accuracy in PBD patients; however, both groups did not differ statistically regarding Response Time. CONCLUSION Our data suggests that PBD patients do present emotion regulation deficits, particularly regarding facial emotion recognition and affective language interference tasks mediated by cognitive assignments. These results have important implications in developing novel psychotherapeutic interventions for this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Cohab Khafif
- Bipolar Disorder Program (PROMAN), Department of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo Medical School, Rua Dr. Ovídio Pires de Campos, 785, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Luisa de Siqueira Rotenberg
- Bipolar Disorder Program (PROMAN), Department of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo Medical School, Rua Dr. Ovídio Pires de Campos, 785, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Camila Nascimento
- Bipolar Disorder Program (PROMAN), Department of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo Medical School, Rua Dr. Ovídio Pires de Campos, 785, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Henrique Beraldi
- Bipolar Disorder Program (PROMAN), Department of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo Medical School, Rua Dr. Ovídio Pires de Campos, 785, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Beny Lafer
- Bipolar Disorder Program (PROMAN), Department of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo Medical School, Rua Dr. Ovídio Pires de Campos, 785, São Paulo, Brazil
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15
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Shonibare DO, Patel RR, Islam AH, Metcalfe AWS, Fiksenbaum L, Freeman N, MacIntosh BJ, Kennedy JL, Goldstein BI. Neurostructural phenotypes of CACNA1C rs1006737 in adolescents with bipolar disorder and healthy controls. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2021; 104:110071. [PMID: 32800865 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2020.110071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Investigate the effects of CACNA1C rs1006737 on cortical and subcortical neurostructural phenotypes in Caucasian bipolar disorder (BD) and healthy control (HC) adolescents. METHODS Seventy-one adolescents (14-20 years; 38BD, 33HC) underwent 3-Tesla Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). Region of interest (ROI) and vertex-wise analyses examined cortical volume, surface area (SA), and thickness, as well as subcortical volume. ROIs included the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC), ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (vlPFC), anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), putamen, and amygdala. General linear models included main effects of diagnosis and rs1006737, and an interaction term, controlling for age, sex, and total intracranial volume. RESULTS Vertex-wise analysis found significant BD-by-rs1006737 interactions for prefrontal and occipital regions such that BD A-carriers were found to have greater SA relative to BD non-carriers, while HC A-carriers had reduced SA relative to HC non-carriers. ROI analysis found an interaction in the ACC such that BD A-carriers were found to have greater SA relative to BD non-carriers, while no significant difference was found in HCs. Main effects of rs1006737 were also found on ACC SA from ROI analysis, and occipital SA from vertex-wise analysis, such that A-carriers had larger SA relative to non-carriers in both of these regions. CONCLUSIONS The current study identified neurostructural intermediate phenotypes relevant to the impact of CACNA1C rs1006737 on adolescent BD. Further investigation is warranted into the neurofunctional and neurocognitive relevance of rs1006737 associations with BD-specific elevations in regional SA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel O Shonibare
- Centre for Youth Bipolar Disorder, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada; Department of Pharmacology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Ronak R Patel
- Centre for Youth Bipolar Disorder, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Alvi H Islam
- Centre for Youth Bipolar Disorder, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada; Department of Pharmacology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Arron W S Metcalfe
- Centre for Youth Bipolar Disorder, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada; Hurvitz Brain Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada; Heart and Stroke Foundation Canadian Partnership for Stroke Recovery, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
| | - Lisa Fiksenbaum
- Centre for Youth Bipolar Disorder, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | - Natalie Freeman
- Tanenbaum Centre for Pharmacogenetics, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada
| | - Bradley J MacIntosh
- Hurvitz Brain Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada; Heart and Stroke Foundation Canadian Partnership for Stroke Recovery, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada; Department of Physical Sciences, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | - James L Kennedy
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Tanenbaum Centre for Pharmacogenetics, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Benjamin I Goldstein
- Centre for Youth Bipolar Disorder, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada; Department of Pharmacology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Heart and Stroke Foundation Canadian Partnership for Stroke Recovery, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
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16
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Gao X, Zhang M, Yang Z, Wen M, Huang H, Zheng R, Wang W, Wei Y, Cheng J, Han S, Zhang Y. Structural and Functional Brain Abnormalities in Internet Gaming Disorder and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Comparative Meta-Analysis. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:679437. [PMID: 34276447 PMCID: PMC8281314 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.679437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Patients with Internet gaming disorder (IGD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have high comorbidity but it is still unknown whether these disorders have shared and distinctive neuroimage alterations. Objective: The aim of this meta-analysis was to identify shared and disorder-specific structural, functional, and multimodal abnormalities between IGD and ADHD. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted for whole-brain voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies comparing people with IGD or ADHD with healthy controls. Regional gray matter volume (GMV) and fMRI differences were compared over the patient groups and then a quantitative comparison was performed to find abnormalities (relative to controls) between IGD and ADHD using seed-based d mapping meta-analytic methods. Result: The meta-analysis contained 14 IGD VBM studies (contrasts covering 333 IGDs and 335 HCs), 26 ADHD VBM studies (1,051 patients with ADHD and 887 controls), 30 IGD fMRI studies (603 patients with IGD and 564 controls), and 29 ADHD fMRI studies (878 patients with ADHD and 803 controls). Structurally, VBM analysis showed disorder-specific GMV abnormality in the putamen among IGD subjects and orbitofrontal cortex in ADHD and shared GMV in the prefrontal cortex. Functionally, fMRI analysis discovered that IGD-differentiating increased activation in the precuneus and shared abnormal activation in anterior cingulate cortex, insular, and striatum. Conclusion: IGD and ADHD have shared and special structural and functional alterations. IGD has disorder-differentiating structural alterations in the putamen and ADHD has alterations in the orbitofrontal cortex. Disorder-differentiating fMRI activations were predominantly observed in the precuneus among IGD subjects and shared impairing function connection was in the rewards circuit (including ACC, OFC, and striatum).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Gao
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Molecular Imaging of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Engineering Technology Research Center for Detection and Application of Brain Function of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Mengzhe Zhang
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Molecular Imaging of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Engineering Technology Research Center for Detection and Application of Brain Function of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhengui Yang
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Molecular Imaging of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Engineering Technology Research Center for Detection and Application of Brain Function of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Mengmeng Wen
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Molecular Imaging of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Engineering Technology Research Center for Detection and Application of Brain Function of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Huiyu Huang
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Molecular Imaging of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Engineering Technology Research Center for Detection and Application of Brain Function of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ruiping Zheng
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Molecular Imaging of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Engineering Technology Research Center for Detection and Application of Brain Function of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Weijian Wang
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Molecular Imaging of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Engineering Technology Research Center for Detection and Application of Brain Function of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yarui Wei
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Molecular Imaging of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Engineering Technology Research Center for Detection and Application of Brain Function of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jingliang Cheng
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Molecular Imaging of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Engineering Technology Research Center for Detection and Application of Brain Function of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shaoqiang Han
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Molecular Imaging of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Engineering Technology Research Center for Detection and Application of Brain Function of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Molecular Imaging of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Engineering Technology Research Center for Detection and Application of Brain Function of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
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17
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Morandini HA, Silk TJ, Griffiths K, Rao P, Hood SD, Zepf FD. Meta-analysis of the neural correlates of vigilant attention in children and adolescents. Cortex 2020; 132:374-385. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2020.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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18
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Salehinejad MA, Nejati V, Mosayebi-Samani M, Mohammadi A, Wischnewski M, Kuo MF, Avenanti A, Vicario CM, Nitsche MA. Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation in ADHD: A Systematic Review of Efficacy, Safety, and Protocol-induced Electrical Field Modeling Results. Neurosci Bull 2020; 36:1191-1212. [PMID: 32418073 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-020-00501-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a promising method for altering cortical excitability with clinical implications. It has been increasingly used in neurodevelopmental disorders, especially attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), but its efficacy (based on effect size calculations), safety, and stimulation parameters have not been systematically examined. In this systematic review, we aimed to (1) explore the effectiveness of tDCS on the clinical symptoms and neuropsychological deficits of ADHD patients, (2) evaluate the safety of tDCS application, especially in children with ADHD, (3) model the electrical field intensity in the target regions based on the commonly-applied and effective versus less-effective protocols, and (4) discuss and propose advanced tDCS parameters. Using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses approach, a literature search identified 14 empirical experiments investigating tDCS effects in ADHD. Partial improving effects of tDCS on cognitive deficits (response inhibition, working memory, attention, and cognitive flexibility) or clinical symptoms (e.g., impulsivity and inattention) are reported in 10 studies. No serious adverse effects are reported in 747 sessions of tDCS. The left and right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex are the regions most often targeted, and anodal tDCS the protocol most often applied. An intensity of 2 mA induced stronger electrical fields than 1 mA in adults with ADHD and was associated with significant behavioral changes. In ADHD children, however, the electrical field induced by 1 mA, which is likely larger than the electrical field induced by 1 mA in adults due to the smaller head size of children, was sufficient to result in significant behavioral change. Overall, tDCS seems to be a promising method for improving ADHD deficits. However, the clinical utility of tDCS in ADHD cannot yet be concluded and requires further systematic investigation in larger sample sizes. Cortical regions involved in ADHD pathophysiology, stimulation parameters (e.g. intensity, duration, polarity, and electrode size), and types of symptom/deficit are potential determinants of tDCS efficacy in ADHD. Developmental aspects of tDCS in childhood ADHD should be considered as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ali Salehinejad
- Department of Psychology and Neurosciences, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, 44139, Dortmund, Germany. .,International Graduate School of Neuroscience, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44801, Bochum, Germany. .,Institute for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, 1983963113, Iran.
| | - Vahid Nejati
- Department of Psychology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, 1983963113, Iran.
| | - Mohsen Mosayebi-Samani
- Department of Psychology and Neurosciences, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, 44139, Dortmund, Germany.,Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Ilmenau University of Technology, 98693, Ilmenau, Germany
| | - Ali Mohammadi
- Department of Psychology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, 1983963113, Iran
| | - Miles Wischnewski
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, 6525 HR, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Min-Fang Kuo
- Department of Psychology and Neurosciences, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, 44139, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Alessio Avenanti
- Centro studi e ricerche in Neuroscienze Cognitive, Dipartimento di Psicologia, Alma Mater Studiorm, Università di Bologna, 47521, Cesena, Italy.,Centro de Investigación en Neuropsicología y Neurociencias Cognitivas, Universidad Católica del Maule, 3605, Talca, Chile
| | - Carmelo M Vicario
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cognitive, Psicologiche, Pedagogiche e degli studi culturali, Università di Messina, 98121, Messina, Italy
| | - Michael A Nitsche
- Department of Psychology and Neurosciences, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, 44139, Dortmund, Germany. .,Department of Neurology, University Medical Hospital Bergmannsheil, 44789, Bochum, Germany.
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19
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Lukito S, Norman L, Carlisi C, Radua J, Hart H, Simonoff E, Rubia K. Comparative meta-analyses of brain structural and functional abnormalities during cognitive control in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder. Psychol Med 2020; 50:894-919. [PMID: 32216846 PMCID: PMC7212063 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291720000574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND People with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have abnormalities in frontal, temporal, parietal and striato-thalamic networks. It is unclear to what extent these abnormalities are distinctive or shared. This comparative meta-analysis aimed to identify the most consistent disorder-differentiating and shared structural and functional abnormalities. METHODS Systematic literature search was conducted for whole-brain voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies of cognitive control comparing people with ASD or ADHD with typically developing controls. Regional gray matter volume (GMV) and fMRI abnormalities during cognitive control were compared in the overall sample and in age-, sex- and IQ-matched subgroups with seed-based d mapping meta-analytic methods. RESULTS Eighty-six independent VBM (1533 ADHD and 1295 controls; 1445 ASD and 1477 controls) and 60 fMRI datasets (1001 ADHD and 1004 controls; 335 ASD and 353 controls) were identified. The VBM meta-analyses revealed ADHD-differentiating decreased ventromedial orbitofrontal (z = 2.22, p < 0.0001) but ASD-differentiating increased bilateral temporal and right dorsolateral prefrontal GMV (zs ⩾ 1.64, ps ⩽ 0.002). The fMRI meta-analyses of cognitive control revealed ASD-differentiating medial prefrontal underactivation but overactivation in bilateral ventrolateral prefrontal cortices and precuneus (zs ⩾ 1.04, ps ⩽ 0.003). During motor response inhibition specifically, ADHD relative to ASD showed right inferior fronto-striatal underactivation (zs ⩾ 1.14, ps ⩽ 0.003) but shared right anterior insula underactivation. CONCLUSIONS People with ADHD and ASD have mostly distinct structural abnormalities, with enlarged fronto-temporal GMV in ASD and reduced orbitofrontal GMV in ADHD; and mostly distinct functional abnormalities, which were more pronounced in ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve Lukito
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Luke Norman
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- The Social and Behavioral Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Christina Carlisi
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Division of Psychology and Language Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Joaquim Radua
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Imaging of Mood- and Anxiety-Related Disorders (IMARD) Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatric Research and Education, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Heledd Hart
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Emily Simonoff
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Katya Rubia
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
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Passarotti AM, Balaban L, Colman LD, Katz LA, Trivedi N, Liu L, Langenecker SA. A Preliminary Study on the Functional Benefits of Computerized Working Memory Training in Children With Pediatric Bipolar Disorder and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Front Psychol 2020; 10:3060. [PMID: 32116872 PMCID: PMC7014966 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.03060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Twenty-nine pediatric patients (age range, 10–16 years) with working memory (WM) deficits, including children with pediatric bipolar disorder (PBD) with and without attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) comorbidity and children with ADHD, underwent a Cogmed WM training program. For both patient groups, WM performance on Cogmed tasks and on the Digit Span test improved significantly after training. Moreover, the PBD group improved on Trails Making Test A and on the Inhibition Scale, the Behavior Regulation Index, and the Global Executive Composite of the Behavioral Rating Inventory of Executive Function. The ADHD group improved significantly on the Trails Making Test B, the Spatial Span Test, and the Reading Fluency Test of the Woodcock–Johnson III, as well as on depressive symptoms. The present findings suggest that working memory training is beneficial not only in youths with ADHD but also in youths with PBD. They also show evidence of near and far transfer of WM improvement in these patients, although in different ways for the two patient groups. Future studies examining the mechanisms of cognitive remediation in pediatric patients will aid in creating tailored illness-specific cognitive interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra M Passarotti
- Department of Psychology, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States.,Institute for Health Research and Policy, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Livia Balaban
- Department of Psychology, Adler University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Liza D Colman
- Health Science Center, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Lindsay A Katz
- Department of Psychology, Roosevelt University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Nidhi Trivedi
- The Chicago School of Professional Psychology, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Li Liu
- School of Public Health, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Scott A Langenecker
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
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21
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Long EC, Kaneva R, Vasilev G, Moeller FG, Vassileva J. Neurocognitive and Psychiatric Markers for Addiction: Common vs. Specific Endophenotypes for Heroin and Amphetamine Dependence. Curr Top Med Chem 2020; 20:585-597. [PMID: 32003694 DOI: 10.2174/1568026620666200131124608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The differential utility of neurocognitive impulsivity and externalizing/ internalizing traits as putative endophenotypes for dependence on heroin vs. amphetamine is unclear. OBJECTIVE This exploratory study aims to determine: (1) whether neurocognitive impulsivity dimensions and externalizing/internalizing traits are correlated between siblings discordant for heroin and amphetamine dependence; and (2) which of these associations are common across substances and which are substance- specific. METHODS Pearson correlations between individuals with 'pure' heroin and amphetamine dependence and their unaffected biological siblings (n = 37 heroin sibling pairs; n = 30 amphetamine sibling pairs) were run on 10 neurocognitive measures, 6 externalizing measures, and 5 internalizing measures. Sibling pair effects were further examined using regression. RESULTS Siblings discordant for heroin dependence were significantly correlated on delay aversion on the Cambridge Gambling Task, risk-taking on the Balloon Analogue Risk Task, sensation seeking, and hopelessness. Siblings discordant for amphetamine dependence were significantly correlated on the quality of decision-making on the Cambridge Gambling Task, discriminability on the Immediate Memory Task, commission errors on the Go/No Go Task, trait impulsivity, ADHD and anxiety sensitivity. CONCLUSION Dimensions of impulsivity and externalizing/internalizing traits appear to aggregate among siblings discordant for substance dependence. Risk-taking propensity, sensation seeking and hopelessness were specific for heroin sibling pairs. Motor/action impulsivity, trait impulsivity, and anxiety sensitivity were specific to amphetamine sibling pairs. Decisional/choice impulsivity was common across both heroin and amphetamine sibling pairs. These findings provide preliminary evidence for the utility of neurocognitive impulsivity and externalizing/ internalizing traits as candidate endophenotypes for substance dependence in general and for substance-specific dependencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth C Long
- Edna Bennett Pierce Prevention Research Center, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania PA, United States
| | - Radka Kaneva
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Sofia Medical University, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | | | - F Gerard Moeller
- Institute for Drug and Alcohol Studies, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States.,Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Jasmin Vassileva
- Institute for Drug and Alcohol Studies, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States.,Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
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22
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Boon HJ. What do ADHD Neuroimaging Studies Reveal for Teachers, Teacher Educators and Inclusive Education? CHILD & YOUTH CARE FORUM 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10566-019-09542-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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23
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Xu T, Chen Z, Feng T. The preference for future outcomes correlates with the temporal variability of functional connectivity among brain regions. Behav Brain Res 2019; 375:112111. [PMID: 31404558 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.112111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
People inevitably make decisions between short-term and long-term consequences across domains like education, health and economics. In this kind of decision, the tendency to discount the value of later-larger rewards with increasing delays is defined as delay discounting (DD). A recent review has suggested that three neural systems which respectively responsible for valuation, prospection and cognitive control (e.g., ventromedial prefrontal cortex [vmPFC], hippocampus, precuneus and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex [dlPFC]) could interact with each other flexibly to have impacts on DD. However, to date, there is little attention paid on the connection between the DD and the dynamic interaction of brain regions.To tackle this issue, we investigate the relationship between the DD and the time-varying connectivity among brain regions in two samples of young adults. Results in sample 1 found that the DD was negatively correlated with the temporal variability of functional connectivity [FC] between the vmPFC and precuneus, and between the vmPFC and the left superior frontal gyrus. And the temporal variabilities of FC between the ventral striatum and right dlPFC, and between the ventral striatum and dorsomedial prefrontal cortex were also negatively related to DD. Furthermore, the main results were well replicated and validated in another sample using different analysis parameters. Overall, our findings reveal that temporal fluctuation of FC within default mode and fronto-striatal circuits can favor for prospecting future, cognitive control and valuation of delayed incentives, and this flexible connectivity patterns generally have association with preference for future outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Xu
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhiyi Chen
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tingyong Feng
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China; Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China.
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24
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Lee MS, Anumagalla P, Talluri P, Pavuluri MN. Attentional engagement increases inferior frontal gyrus activity and mutes limbic activity in pediatric bipolar disorder: Meta-analyses of fMRI studies. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2019; 91:14-19. [PMID: 29782956 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2018.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Attention deficit has been shown to exist in adult and pediatric bipolar disorder across the life span. Given that emotion dysregulation is central to bipolar disorder, this study hypothesizes that emotional circuitry regions are altered along with anomalies in the attentional systems during cognitive deployment in bipolar disorder. METHODS An activation likelihood estimation meta-analysis of attentional activities using GingerALE software was completed for adult and pediatric bipolar disorder populations in all published studies till December 2017. The meta-analysis of all fMRI studies included a total of ten pediatric studies (comprised of pediatric bipolar disorder (PBD) and typically developing (TD) groups) and nine adult patient studies (comprised of adult bipolar disorder (ABD) and healthy control (HC) groups). RESULTS While engaged in attentional tasks, increased activation was seen in inferior frontal gyrus with decreased activation in limbic regions in subjects with PBD, relative to TD. Differential patterns of underactivity were also noted in the dorsal attentional system i.e., frontostriatal circuit (dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, right lentiform nucleus and right globus pallidus) in PBD patients relative to the TD. However, we did not see any significant differences between the adult groups i.e., ABD vs. HC. CONCLUSIONS In PBD, deploying attentional system potentially improves the fronto-limbic affective circuitry function, despite impaired dorsal attentional system i.e., fronto-striatal circuitry. In contrast, these neural correlates underlying attentional engagement appeared to be not significant in adult BD. LIMITATIONS We examined the PBD vs. TD and the ABD vs. HC separately instead of four-way contrast (dual meta-analytic study). Also, attentional tasks were not unidimensional and tend to capture selective and sustained attention along with response inhibition, thereby recruiting multiple brain circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moon-Soo Lee
- Pediatric Mood Disorders Program, University of Illinois at Chicago, USA; Divison of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Purnima Anumagalla
- Pediatric Mood Disorders Program, University of Illinois at Chicago, USA
| | - Prasanth Talluri
- Pediatric Mood Disorders Program, University of Illinois at Chicago, USA
| | - Mani N Pavuluri
- Pediatric Mood Disorders Program, University of Illinois at Chicago, USA; Brain and Wellness Institute, Chicago, USA.
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25
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Gooskens B, Bos DJ, Mensen VT, Shook DA, Bruchhage MMK, Naaijen J, Wolf I, Brandeis D, Williams SCR, Buitelaar JK, Oranje B, Durston S. No evidence of differences in cognitive control in children with autism spectrum disorder or obsessive-compulsive disorder: An fMRI study. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2019; 36:100602. [PMID: 30559053 PMCID: PMC6969278 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2018.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Repetitive behaviors are among the core symptoms of both Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) and are thought to be associated with impairments in cognitive control. However, it is still unknown how deficits in cognitive control and associated neural circuitry relate to the quality or severity of repetitive behavior in children with these disorders. Therefore, we investigated the behavioral and neural correlates of cognitive control using a modified stop-signal task in a multicenter study of children (aged 8-12 years) with ASD, OCD and typically developing (TD) children (N = 95). As both ASD and OCD have high levels of comorbidity with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), we did an exploratory analysis addressing ADHD-symptoms. We found that children with ASD and OCD did not show deficits in cognitive control or changes in brain activity in task-relevant neural networks when compared to TD children. However, increased activity in prefrontal brain areas was associated with increased symptoms of comorbid ADHD. As such, this study does not support differences in cognitive control or associated neural circuitry in children with ASD and OCD, but rather suggests that changes in cognitive control in these disorders may be related to symptoms of comorbid ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bram Gooskens
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - Dienke J Bos
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Vincent T Mensen
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Devon A Shook
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Muriel M K Bruchhage
- Department of Neuroimaging, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, UK
| | - Jilly Naaijen
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute of Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Isabella Wolf
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty, Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Daniel Brandeis
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty, Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Steven C R Williams
- Department of Neuroimaging, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, UK
| | - Jan K Buitelaar
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute of Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Bob Oranje
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Sarah Durston
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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26
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Hirjak D, Meyer-Lindenberg A, Fritze S, Sambataro F, Kubera KM, Wolf RC. Motor dysfunction as research domain across bipolar, obsessive-compulsive and neurodevelopmental disorders. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2018; 95:315-335. [PMID: 30236781 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Although genuine motor abnormalities (GMA) are frequently found in schizophrenia, they are also considered as an intrinsic feature of bipolar, obsessive-compulsive, and neurodevelopmental disorders with early onset such as autism, ADHD, and Tourette syndrome. Such transnosological observations strongly suggest a common neural pathophysiology. This systematic review highlights the evidence on GMA and their neuroanatomical substrates in bipolar, obsessive-compulsive, and neurodevelopmental disorders. The data lends support for a common pattern contributing to GMA expression in these diseases that seems to be related to cerebello-thalamo-cortical, fronto-parietal, and cortico-subcortical motor circuit dysfunction. The identified studies provide first evidence for a motor network dysfunction as a correlate of early neurodevelopmental deviance prior to clinical symptom expression. There are also first hints for a developmental risk factor model of these mental disorders. An in-depth analysis of motor networks and related patho-(physiological) mechanisms will not only help promoting Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) Motor System construct, but also facilitate the development of novel psychopharmacological models, as well as the identification of neurobiologically plausible target sites for non-invasive brain stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dusan Hirjak
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Andreas Meyer-Lindenberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Stefan Fritze
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | | | - Katharina M Kubera
- Center for Psychosocial Medicine, Department of General Psychiatry, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Robert C Wolf
- Center for Psychosocial Medicine, Department of General Psychiatry, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
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27
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Wang B, Li T, Zhou M, Zhao S, Niu Y, Wang X, Yan T, Cao R, Xiang J, Li D. The Abnormality of Topological Asymmetry in Hemispheric Brain Anatomical Networks in Bipolar Disorder. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:618. [PMID: 30233301 PMCID: PMC6129594 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Convergent evidences have demonstrated a variety of regional abnormalities of asymmetry in bipolar disorder (BD). However, little is known about the alterations in hemispheric topological asymmetries. In this study, we used diffusion tensor imaging to construct the hemispheric brain anatomical network of 49 patients with BD and 61 matched normal controls. Graph theory was then applied to quantify topological properties of the hemispheric networks. Although small-world properties were preserved in the hemispheric networks of BD, the degrees of the asymmetry in global efficiency, characteristic path length, and small-world property were significantly decreased. More changes in topological properties of the right hemisphere than those of left hemisphere were found in patients compared with normal controls. Consistent with such changes, the nodal efficiency in patients with BD also showed less rightward asymmetry mainly in the frontal, occipital, parietal, and temporal lobes. In contrast to leftward asymmetry, significant rightward asymmetry was found in supplementary motor area of BD, and attributed to more deficits in nodal efficiency of the left hemisphere. Finally, these asymmetry score of nodal efficiency in the inferior parietal lobule and rolandic operculum were significantly associated with symptom severity of BD. Our results suggested that abnormal hemispheric asymmetries in brain anatomical networks were associated with aberrant neurodevelopment, and providing insights into the potential neural biomarkers of BD by measuring the topological asymmetry in hemispheric brain anatomical networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wang
- College of Information and Computer, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, China
| | - Ting Li
- College of Information and Computer, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, China
| | - Mengni Zhou
- College of Information and Computer, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, China
| | - Shuo Zhao
- Faculty of Human Health Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yan Niu
- College of Information and Computer, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xin Wang
- College of Information and Computer, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, China
| | - Ting Yan
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Rui Cao
- College of Information and Computer, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jie Xiang
- College of Information and Computer, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, China
| | - Dandan Li
- College of Information and Computer, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, China
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28
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King JB, Anderson JS, Yurgelun-Todd DA, Subramaniam P, Ehrler MR, Lopez-Larson MP. Decreased anterior cingulate activation in a motor task in youths with bipolar disorder. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2018; 59:900-907. [PMID: 29451300 PMCID: PMC6041159 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.12875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bipolar disorder (BP) is characterized by abnormal shifts in mood between episodes of mania and severe depression, both of which have been linked with psychomotor disturbances. This study compares brain activation patterns in motor networks between euthymic youths with BP and healthy controls (HC) during the completion of a simple motor task. METHODS Thirty-five youths with BP and 35 HC (aged 10-19) completed a self-paced sequential bilateral finger-tapping task, consisting of a 4-minute scan block with alternating 20-second periods of either the tapping task (six blocks) or rest (six blocks), while undergoing functional magnetic resonance imaging. Clinical and behavioral symptoms were assessed using the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). A between-group whole-brain analysis compared activation pattern differences while controlling for effects of age and sex. Clusters meeting whole-brain false discovery rate (FDR) correction (qFDR < .05) were considered statistically significant. Post hoc analyses evaluating comorbid attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in the BP group were also conducted. RESULTS Significantly decreased activation was found in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) in youths with BP compared to HC. Furthermore, ACC activation was negatively correlated with CBCL mood dysregulation profile scores in the BP group. No significant differences in functional activation patterns were found between youths with BP and comorbid ADHD and those with only BP. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest a potential common mechanism of impaired ACC modulation between emotion dysregulation and motor processing in youths with BP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jace B. King
- Department of Radiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA,Interdepartmental Program in Neuroscience, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA,Diagnostic Neuroimaging, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT USA,Correspondence: Jace B. King, University of Utah, Imaging and Neurosciences Center, 729 Arapeen Drive, Salt Lake City, UT, 84108, USA; Phone: 801-585-9667;
| | - Jeffrey S. Anderson
- Department of Radiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA,Interdepartmental Program in Neuroscience, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA,School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Deborah A. Yurgelun-Todd
- Interdepartmental Program in Neuroscience, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA,Diagnostic Neuroimaging, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT USA,School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Punitha Subramaniam
- Interdepartmental Program in Neuroscience, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA,Diagnostic Neuroimaging, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT USA
| | | | - Melissa P. Lopez-Larson
- Diagnostic Neuroimaging, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT USA,School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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29
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D'Alberto N, Chaarani B, Orr CA, Spechler PA, Albaugh MD, Allgaier N, Wonnell A, Banaschewski T, Bokde AL, Bromberg U, Büchel C, Quinlan EB, Conrod PJ, Desrivières S, Flor H, Fröhner JH, Frouin V, Gowland P, Heinz A, Itterman B, Martinot J, Paillère Martinot M, Artiges E, Nees F, Papadopoulos Orfanos D, Poustka L, Robbins TW, Smolka MN, Walter H, Whelan R, Schumann G, Potter AS, Garavan H. Individual differences in stop-related activity are inflated by the adaptive algorithm in the stop signal task. Hum Brain Mapp 2018; 39:3263-3276. [PMID: 29656430 PMCID: PMC6045976 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Research using the Stop Signal Task employing an adaptive algorithm to accommodate individual differences often report inferior performance on the task in individuals with ADHD, OCD, and substance use disorders compared to non-clinical controls. Furthermore, individuals with deficits in inhibitory control tend to show reduced neural activity in key inhibitory regions during successful stopping. However, the adaptive algorithm systematically introduces performance-related differences in objective task difficulty that may influence the estimation of individual differences in stop-related neural activity. This report examines the effect that these algorithm-related differences have on the measurement of neural activity during the stop signal task. We compared two groups of subjects (n = 210) who differed in inhibitory ability using both a standard fMRI analysis and an analysis that resampled trials to remove the objective task difficulty confound. The results show that objective task difficulty influences the magnitude of between-group differences and that controlling for difficulty attenuates stop-related activity differences between superior and poor inhibitors. Specifically, group differences in the right inferior frontal gyrus, right middle occipital gyrus, and left inferior frontal gyrus are diminished when differences in objective task difficulty are controlled for. Also, when objective task difficulty effects are exaggerated, group differences in stop related activity emerge in other regions of the stopping network. The implications of these effects for how we interpret individual differences in activity levels are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas D'Alberto
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of Vermont College of MedicineBurlingtonVermont
| | - Bader Chaarani
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of Vermont College of MedicineBurlingtonVermont
| | - Catherine A. Orr
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of Vermont College of MedicineBurlingtonVermont
| | - Philip A. Spechler
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of Vermont College of MedicineBurlingtonVermont
| | - Matthew D. Albaugh
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of Vermont College of MedicineBurlingtonVermont
| | - Nicholas Allgaier
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of Vermont College of MedicineBurlingtonVermont
| | - Alexander Wonnell
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of Vermont College of MedicineBurlingtonVermont
| | - Tobias Banaschewski
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and PsychotherapyCentral Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Square J5Mannheim68159Germany
| | - Arun L.W. Bokde
- Discipline of PsychiatrySchool of Medicine and Trinity College Institute of Neurosciences, Trinity CollegeDublin, Ireland
| | - Uli Bromberg
- University Medical Centre Hamburg‐Eppendorf, House W34, 3.OG, Martinistr. 52Hamburg20246Germany
| | - Christian Büchel
- University Medical Centre Hamburg‐Eppendorf, House W34, 3.OG, Martinistr. 52Hamburg20246Germany
| | - Erin Burke Quinlan
- Medical Research Council – Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry CentreInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College LondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Patricia J. Conrod
- Department of PsychiatryUniversite de Montreal, CHU Ste Justine HospitalMontrealQuebecCanada
- Department of Psychological Medicine and PsychiatryInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Sylvane Desrivières
- Medical Research Council – Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry CentreInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College LondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Herta Flor
- Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty MannheimHeidelberg University, Square J5MannheimGermany
- Department of Psychology, School of Social SciencesUniversity of MannheimMannheim68131Germany
| | - Juliane H. Fröhner
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging CenterTechnische Universität DresdenDresdenGermany
| | - Vincent Frouin
- Neurospin, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, CEA‐Saclay CenterParisFrance
| | - Penny Gowland
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre School of Physics and AstronomyUniversity of Nottingham, University ParkNottinghamUnited Kingdom
| | - Andreas Heinz
- Department of Psychiatry and PsychotherapyCampus Charité Mitte, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1BerlinGermany
| | - Bernd Itterman
- Physikalisch‐Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Abbestr. 2 – 12BerlinGermany
| | - Jean‐Luc Martinot
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM Unit 1000 “Neuroimaging & Psychiatry”, University Paris Sud, University Paris Descartes – Sorbonne Paris Cité and Maison de SolennParisFrance
| | - Marie‐Laure Paillère Martinot
- Department of Adolescent Psychopathology and Medicine, Maison de Solenn, Cochin HospitalInstitut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM Unit 1000 “Neuroimaging & Psychiatry”, University Paris Sud, University Paris Descartes – Sorbonne Paris Cité and AP‐HPParisFrance
| | - Eric Artiges
- Department 91G16, Orsay HospitalInstitut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM Unit 1000 “Neuroimaging & Psychiatry”, University Paris Sud, University Paris Descartes – Sorbonne Paris Cité and PsychiatryParisFrance
| | - Frauke Nees
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and PsychotherapyCentral Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Square J5Mannheim68159Germany
- Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty MannheimHeidelberg University, Square J5MannheimGermany
| | | | - Luise Poustka
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and PsychotherapyUniversity Medical Centre Göttingen, von‐Siebold‐Str. 5Göttingen37075Germany
- Clinic for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18‐20Vienna1090Austria
| | - Trevor W. Robbins
- Department of Psychology and Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience InstituteUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Michael N. Smolka
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging CenterTechnische Universität DresdenDresdenGermany
| | - Henrik Walter
- Department of Psychiatry and PsychotherapyCampus Charité Mitte, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1BerlinGermany
| | - Robert Whelan
- School of Psychology and Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College DublinDublinIreland
| | - Gunter Schumann
- Medical Research Council – Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry CentreInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College LondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Alexandra S. Potter
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of Vermont College of MedicineBurlingtonVermont
| | - Hugh Garavan
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of Vermont College of MedicineBurlingtonVermont
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Transcranial direct current brain stimulation decreases impulsivity in ADHD. Brain Stimul 2018; 11:974-981. [PMID: 29885858 DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2018.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Revised: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Impulsivity is a core deficit in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) has been shown to modulate cognitive control circuits and could enhance DLPFC activity, leading to improved impulse control in ADHD. OBJECTIVE Hypothesis: We predicted 2.0 mA anodal stimulation (tDCS) versus sham stimulation applied over the left DLPFC would improve Conners Continuous Performance Task (CPT) scores. Our secondary hypothesis predicted that stop signal task (SST) reaction time (SSRT) would decrease with tDCS (versus sham). METHODS Thirty-seven participants completed two periods of three tDCS (or sham) sessions two weeks apart in a within-subject, double-blind, counterbalanced order. Participants performed a fractal N-back training task concurrent with tDCS (or sham) stimulation. Participants completed the CPT and SST at the beginning of treatment (baseline), at the end of the treatment, and at a 3-day post-stimulation follow-up. RESULTS There was a significant stimulation condition by session interaction for CPT false positive scores (χ2 = 15.44, p < 0.001) driven by a decrease in false positive errors from baseline to end of treatment in the tDCS group (β = -0.36, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) -0.54 to -0.18, p < 0.001). This effect did not persist at follow-up (β = -0.13, p > 0.05). There was no significant stimulation condition by session interaction effect on CPT true positive errors or response time (ps > 0.05). No significant change in SSRT performance was observed (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION These findings suggest that stimulation of the left DLPFC with tDCS can improve impulsivity symptoms in ADHD, supporting the therapeutic potential for tDCS in adult ADHD patients.
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Cabeen RP, Laidlaw DH, Ruggieri A, Dickstein DP. Preliminary mapping of the structural effects of age in pediatric bipolar disorder with multimodal MR imaging. Psychiatry Res 2018; 273:54-62. [PMID: 29361347 PMCID: PMC5815932 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2017.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 12/31/2017] [Accepted: 12/31/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
This study investigates multimodal structural MR imaging biomarkers of development trajectories in pediatric bipolar disorder. T1-weighted and diffusion-weighted MR imaging was conducted to investigate cross-sectional group differences with age between typically developing controls (N = 26) and youths diagnosed with bipolar disorder (N = 26). Region-based analysis was used to examine cortical thickness of gray matter and diffusion tensor parameters in superficial white matter, and tractography-based analysis was used to examine deep white matter fiber bundles. Patients and controls showed significantly different maturation trajectories across brain areas; however, the magnitude of differences varied by region. The rate of cortical thinning with age was greater in patients than controls in the left frontal pole. While controls showed increasing fractional anisotropy (FA) and axial diffusivity (AD) with age, patients showed an opposite trend of decreasing FA and AD with age in fronto-temporal-striatal regions located in both superficial and deep white matter. The findings support fronto-temporal-striatal alterations in the developmental trajectories of youths diagnosed with bipolar disorder, and further, show the value of multimodal computational techniques in the assessment of neuropsychiatric disorders. These preliminary results warrant further investigation into longitudinal changes and the effects of treatment in the brain areas identified in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan P Cabeen
- Laboratory of Neuro Imaging, USC Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - David H Laidlaw
- Department of Computer Science, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Amanda Ruggieri
- Pediatric Mood, Imaging & NeuroDevelopment Program, Bradley Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Daniel P Dickstein
- Pediatric Mood, Imaging & NeuroDevelopment Program, Bradley Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
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Massat I, Slama H, Villemonteix T, Mary A, Baijot S, Albajara Sáenz A, Balériaux D, Metens T, Kavec M, Peigneux P. Hyperactivity in motor response inhibition networks in unmedicated children with attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder. World J Biol Psychiatry 2018; 19:101-111. [PMID: 27648848 DOI: 10.1080/15622975.2016.1237040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Hypo/reduced activity in motor response inhibition (RI) cerebral networks was recently proposed as a promising specific neurobiological marker of attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Before adopting such a pattern as a key diagnosis tool, we aim to replicate in an independent study the mechanisms underlying reduced RI-related activity in ADHD, after controlling for potentially confounding effects. METHODS In this fMRI study, we investigated the neural networks mediating successful and failed motor RI in children with ADHD and typically developing children (TDC) using the stop-signal task (SST) paradigm. RESULTS In contrast to hypofrontality predictions, children with ADHD exhibit increased neural activity during successful response inhibition in an RI-related brain network encompassing the indirect and/or hyperdirect pathways between the basal ganglia and cortex. Voxel-based morphometry analyses have further evidenced reduced grey matter volume in the left caudate in children with ADHD, which paralleled higher functional responses. Finally, connectivity analyses disclosed tighter coupling between a set of cortical regions and the right caudate as well as the right IFG, networks involved in successful RI. CONCLUSIONS Hypo/reduced activity in RI cerebral networks in children with ADHD cannot at this time be considered as a systematic biomarker for ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Massat
- a National Fund of Scientific Research (FNRS) Belgium.,b Laboratory of Experimental Neurology, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB) , Brussels , Belgium.,c Department of Neurology , Erasme Hospital, ULB , Brussels , Belgium.,d UR2NF-Neuropsychology and Functional Neuroimaging Research Unit at CRCN-Research Centre in Cognitive Neurosciences, ULB , Brussels , Belgium.,i UNI-ULB Neuroscience Institute, ULB , Brussels , Belgium
| | - Hichem Slama
- d UR2NF-Neuropsychology and Functional Neuroimaging Research Unit at CRCN-Research Centre in Cognitive Neurosciences, ULB , Brussels , Belgium.,e Department of Clinical and Cognitive Neuropsychology, Erasme Hospital , ULB , Brussels , Belgium.,i UNI-ULB Neuroscience Institute, ULB , Brussels , Belgium
| | - Thomas Villemonteix
- d UR2NF-Neuropsychology and Functional Neuroimaging Research Unit at CRCN-Research Centre in Cognitive Neurosciences, ULB , Brussels , Belgium.,f INSERM , U894 , Paris , France.,i UNI-ULB Neuroscience Institute, ULB , Brussels , Belgium
| | - Alison Mary
- d UR2NF-Neuropsychology and Functional Neuroimaging Research Unit at CRCN-Research Centre in Cognitive Neurosciences, ULB , Brussels , Belgium.,i UNI-ULB Neuroscience Institute, ULB , Brussels , Belgium
| | - Simon Baijot
- d UR2NF-Neuropsychology and Functional Neuroimaging Research Unit at CRCN-Research Centre in Cognitive Neurosciences, ULB , Brussels , Belgium.,g Hôpital Universitaire des Enfants Reine Fabiola (HUDERF), ULB , Brussels , Belgium.,i UNI-ULB Neuroscience Institute, ULB , Brussels , Belgium
| | - Ariadna Albajara Sáenz
- d UR2NF-Neuropsychology and Functional Neuroimaging Research Unit at CRCN-Research Centre in Cognitive Neurosciences, ULB , Brussels , Belgium.,i UNI-ULB Neuroscience Institute, ULB , Brussels , Belgium
| | - Danièle Balériaux
- h Department of Radiology , Clinics of Magnetic Resonance, Erasme Hospital ULB , Brussels , Belgium
| | - Thierry Metens
- h Department of Radiology , Clinics of Magnetic Resonance, Erasme Hospital ULB , Brussels , Belgium
| | - Martin Kavec
- h Department of Radiology , Clinics of Magnetic Resonance, Erasme Hospital ULB , Brussels , Belgium
| | - Philippe Peigneux
- d UR2NF-Neuropsychology and Functional Neuroimaging Research Unit at CRCN-Research Centre in Cognitive Neurosciences, ULB , Brussels , Belgium.,i UNI-ULB Neuroscience Institute, ULB , Brussels , Belgium
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Abstract
A previous paper from our lab (Shalom, 2009) presented evidence that the medial part of the prefrontal cortex is involved in the integration of raw, unintegrated information into coherent, wholistic mental representations such as perceptual objects, episodic memories, emotional states, and motor actions. It has used this analysis to classify some challenges encountered by people with Autism Spectrum Disorders, linking different types of difficulties in integration with different subareas of the medial prefrontal cortex. The current paper performs a similar analysis for the corresponding subareas of the lateral prefrontal cortex. It presents evidence that the lateral part of the prefrontal cortex is involved in the selection/inhibition of perceptual, memory, emotion, and motor aspects of processing. It then uses this analysis to classify challenges encountered by people with ADHD, linking different types of difficulties in selection/inhibition to different subareas of the lateral prefrontal cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziv Ronel
- Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
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Han X, Wu X, Wang Y, Sun Y, Ding W, Cao M, Du Y, Lin F, Zhou Y. Alterations of Resting-State Static and Dynamic Functional Connectivity of the Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex in Subjects with Internet Gaming Disorder. Front Hum Neurosci 2018; 12:41. [PMID: 29467640 PMCID: PMC5808163 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2018.00041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Internet gaming disorder (IGD), a major behavior disorder, has gained increasing attention. Recent studies indicate altered resting-state static functional connectivity (FC) of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) in subjects with IGD. Whereas static FC often provides information on functional changes in subjects with IGD, investigations of temporal changes in FC between the DLPFC and the other brain regions may shed light on the dynamic characteristics of brain function associated with IGD. Thirty subjects with IGD and 30 healthy controls (HCs) matched for age, gender and education status were recruited. Using the bilateral DLPFC as seeds, static FC and dynamic FC maps were calculated and compared between groups. Correlations between alterations in static FC and dynamic FC and clinical variables were also investigated within the IGD group. The IGD group showed significantly lower static FC between the right DLPFC and the left rolandic operculum while higher static FC between the right DLPFC and the left pars triangularis when compared to HCs. The IGD group also had significantly decreased dynamic FC between the right DLPFC and the left insula, right putamen and left precentral gyrus, and increased dynamic FC in the left precuneus. Moreover, the dynamic FC between the right DLPFC and the left insula was negatively correlated with the severity of IGD. Dynamic FC can be used as a powerful supplement to static FC, helping us obtain a more comprehensive understanding of large-scale brain network activity in IGD and put forward new ideas for behavioral intervention therapy for it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Han
- Department of Radiology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaowei Wu
- Department of Radiology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yao Wang
- Department of Radiology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yawen Sun
- Department of Radiology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weina Ding
- Department of Radiology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengqiu Cao
- Department of Radiology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yasong Du
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fuchun Lin
- National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Department of Radiology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Anomalous prefrontal-limbic activation and connectivity in youth at high-risk for bipolar disorder. J Affect Disord 2017; 222:7-13. [PMID: 28667891 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2017.05.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Revised: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Abnormal prefrontal-limbic brain activation in response to facial expressions has been reported in pediatric bipolar disorder (BD). However, it is less clear whether these abnormalities exist prior to onset of mania, thus representing a biomarker predicting development of BD. METHODS We examined brain activation in 50 youth at high risk for BD (HR-BD), compared with 29 age- and gender-matched healthy control (HC) subjects. HR-BD was defined as having a parent with BD, as well as current mood or attentiondeficit/ hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms, or a history of at least one depressive episode. FMRI data were collected during an implicit emotion perception task using facial expression stimuli. Activation to fearful faces versus calm faces was compared between HR-BD and HC groups, including analyses of functional connectivity, and comparison of allele subgroups of the serotonin transporter (5-HTTLPR) gene. RESULTS While viewing fearful versus calm faces, HR-BD youth had significantly greater activation than HC youth in the right amygdala, ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC), superior frontal cortex, cerebellum, and lingual gyrus. HR-BD youth, relative to HC youth, had greater functional connectivity between the right amygdala and the VLPFC as well as visual cortical regions Within the HR-BD group, youth with the s-allele had a trend for greater activation in the right amygdala and subgenual cingulate cortex CONCLUSIONS: Similar to youth with BD, youth at high risk for BD have greater activation than healthy controls in the amygdala and ventrolateral prefrontal cortex in response to fearful faces, as well greater functional connectivity between these regions. HR-BD youth with the s-allele of the 5-HTTLPR gene may be at greatest risk for developing BD.
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Littman R, Takács Á. Do all inhibitions act alike? A study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0186774. [PMID: 29065184 PMCID: PMC5655479 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Response inhibition is frequently measured by the Go/no-go and Stop-signal tasks. These two are often used indiscriminately under the assumption that both measure similar inhibitory control abilities. However, accumulating evidence show differences in both tasks' modulations, raising the question of whether they tap into equivalent cognitive mechanisms. In the current study, a comparison of the performance in both tasks took place under the influence of negative stimuli, following the assumption that ''controlled inhibition'', as measured by Stop-signal, but not ''automatic inhibition'', as measured by Go/no-go, will be affected. 54 young adults performed a task in which negative pictures, neutral pictures or no-pictures preceded go trials, no-go trials, and stop-trials. While the exposure to negative pictures impaired performance on go trials and improved the inhibitory capacity in Stop-signal task, the inhibitory performance in Go/no-go task was generally unaffected. The results support the conceptualization of different mechanisms operated by both tasks, thus emphasizing the necessity to thoroughly fathom both inhibitory processes and identify their corresponding cognitive measures. Implications regarding the usage of cognitive tasks for strengthening inhibitory capacity among individuals struggling with inhibitory impairments are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Littman
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Addictology, Institute of Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Izabella utca 46., Hungary
| | - Ádám Takács
- Department of Cognitive Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Izabella utca 46., Hungary
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Lin G, Roth RM. The Status of Structural and Functional MRI in Adolescents with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. PSYCHOLOGICAL INJURY & LAW 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s12207-017-9296-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Norman LJ, Carlisi CO, Christakou A, Cubillo A, Murphy CM, Chantiluke K, Simmons A, Giampietro V, Brammer M, Mataix-Cols D, Rubia K. Shared and disorder-specific task-positive and default mode network dysfunctions during sustained attention in paediatric Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and obsessive/compulsive disorder. Neuroimage Clin 2017; 15:181-193. [PMID: 28529874 PMCID: PMC5429245 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2017.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Patients with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and obsessive/compulsive disorder (OCD) share problems with sustained attention, and are proposed to share deficits in switching between default mode and task positive networks. The aim of this study was to investigate shared and disorder-specific brain activation abnormalities during sustained attention in the two disorders. Twenty boys with ADHD, 20 boys with OCD and 20 age-matched healthy controls aged between 12 and 18 years completed a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) version of a parametrically modulated sustained attention task with a progressively increasing sustained attention load. Performance and brain activation were compared between groups. Only ADHD patients were impaired in performance. Group by sustained attention load interaction effects showed that OCD patients had disorder-specific middle anterior cingulate underactivation relative to controls and ADHD patients, while ADHD patients showed disorder-specific underactivation in left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex/dorsal inferior frontal gyrus (IFG). ADHD and OCD patients shared left insula/ventral IFG underactivation and increased activation in posterior default mode network relative to controls, but had disorder-specific overactivation in anterior default mode regions, in dorsal anterior cingulate for ADHD and in anterior ventromedial prefrontal cortex for OCD. In sum, ADHD and OCD patients showed mostly disorder-specific patterns of brain abnormalities in both task positive salience/ventral attention networks with lateral frontal deficits in ADHD and middle ACC deficits in OCD, as well as in their deactivation patterns in medial frontal DMN regions. The findings suggest that attention performance in the two disorders is underpinned by disorder-specific activation patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke J Norman
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK.
| | - Christina O Carlisi
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK
| | - Anastasia Christakou
- Centre for Integrative Neuroscience and Neurodynamics, School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, UK
| | - Ana Cubillo
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK
| | - Clodagh M Murphy
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK
| | - Kaylita Chantiluke
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK
| | - Andrew Simmons
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK; National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre (BRC) for Mental Health at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, UK
| | - Vincent Giampietro
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK
| | - Michael Brammer
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK
| | - David Mataix-Cols
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Katya Rubia
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK
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Diler RS. Neuroimaging can help identify biomarkers of early onset bipolar disorder. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.5455/bcp.20120214113908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rasim Somer Diler
- University of Pittsburgh, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, Medical Director, Inpatient Child & Adolescent Bipolar Services, BFT 539, 3811 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 Tel: Fax:
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40
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Passarotti AM, Trivedi N, Dominguez-Colman L, Patel M, Langenecker SA. Differences in Real World Executive Function between Children with Pediatric Bipolar Disorder and Children with ADHD. JOURNAL OF THE CANADIAN ACADEMY OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY = JOURNAL DE L'ACADEMIE CANADIENNE DE PSYCHIATRIE DE L'ENFANT ET DE L'ADOLESCENT 2016; 25:185-195. [PMID: 27924149 PMCID: PMC5130092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent research evidence suggests that executive function (EF) is impaired in both pediatric bipolar disorder (PBD) and attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), although the underlying cognitive mechanisms are still unclear. In this study we examined EF, including cognitive and emotional control, in three pediatric groups with overlapping symptoms. METHODS Sixteen children and adolescents with PBD, 17 children and adolescents with ADHD, Type Combined, and 13 children and adolescents with PBD and comorbid ADHD (PBD+ADHD) (mean age=12.70, SD=2.21) were assessed using the Behavioral Rating Inventory of Executive Function - Parental Report (BRIEF-PR), clinical scales and neuropsychological tests of attention, working memory and executive function. RESULTS All groups showed impairment on the Trails A and B tests. However, there were no significant group differences. On the BRIEF-PR while all three groups were impaired in General Executive Functioning and Metacognition only the two PBD groups revealed more extensive EF dysfunction, in both cognitive and emotional control domains, relative to the ADHD group. Conversely, the ADHD group exhibited selective deficits in cognitive domains such as working memory, planning/organization, monitoring, and metacognition. The two PBD groups showed greater impairment than the ADHD group in the domains of Inhibition, Shifting, Monitoring and Emotional Control. Furthermore, results from regression analyses suggest cognitive predictors of EF impairment in ADHD and mood predictors for inhibition in PBD. CONCLUSIONS The current results contribute new knowledge on domain-specific similarities and differences in executive dysfunction between PBD, ADHD, and the comorbid phenotype, which may inform the diagnostic process and cognitive intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra M. Passarotti
- Institute for Juvenile Research, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Nidhi Trivedi
- Institute for Juvenile Research, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Liza Dominguez-Colman
- Institute for Juvenile Research, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Manharkumar Patel
- Institute for Juvenile Research, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Scott A. Langenecker
- Institute for Juvenile Research, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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41
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Abstract
AIM The aim of the study was to standardize tests of attention and inhibition for adults in the age range of 16-30 years, who had 1-10 years of formal education. The objectives were to develop normative data for the tests of attention and inhibition, to establish the reliability of the tests of attention and inhibition, and to establish the validity of the tests of attention and inhibition. MATERIALS AND METHODS The tests studied were figural visual scanning test (FVST), auditory target detection test (ATDT), stop signal test, and go/no-go (GNG) test. The four tests were given to a normal sample of 60 subjects (30 males and 30 females). Reliability of the tests was determined by retesting 20 individuals, (10 subjects from each group) from the sample after an interval of 1 month. The tests were given to a matched clinical sample of patients with unilateral focal lesions, and the results were compared to test discriminant validity. Means, standard deviations, t-test, correlations, and percentiles were used to analyze the data. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Results indicated that FVST and ATDT were reliable and valid tests of attention and stop signal test and GNG test were reliable and valid measures of inhibition of motor processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Thomas
- Division of Mental Health and Neurosciences, St. John's Research Institute, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Shobini L Rao
- Department of Clinical Psychology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - B Indira Devi
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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42
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Dickstein DP, Axelson D, Weissman AB, Yen S, Hunt JI, Goldstein BI, Goldstein TR, Liao F, Gill MK, Hower H, Frazier TW, Diler RS, Youngstrom EA, Fristad MA, Arnold LE, Findling RL, Horwitz SM, Kowatch RA, Ryan ND, Strober M, Birmaher B, Keller MB. Cognitive flexibility and performance in children and adolescents with threshold and sub-threshold bipolar disorder. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2016; 25:625-38. [PMID: 26438382 PMCID: PMC5040213 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-015-0769-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Greater understanding of cognitive function in children and adolescents with bipolar disorder (BD) is of critical importance to improve our ability to design targeted treatments to help with real-world impairment, including academic performance. We sought to evaluate cognitive performance among children with either BD type I, II, or "not otherwise specified" (NOS) participating in multi-site Course and Outcome of Bipolar Youth study compared to typically developing controls (TDC) without psychopathology. In particular, we sought to test the hypothesis that BD-I and BD-II youths with full threshold episodes of mania or hypomania would have cognitive deficits, including in reversal learning, vs. those BD-NOS participants with sub-threshold episodes and TDCs. N = 175 participants (BD-I = 81, BD-II = 11, BD-NOS = 28, TDC = 55) completed Cambridge Neuropsychological Automated Testing Battery (CANTAB) tasks. A priori analyses of the simple reversal stage of the CANTAB intra-/extra-dimensional shift task showed that aggregated BD-I/II participants required significantly more trials to complete the task than either BD-NOS participants with sub-syndromal manic/hypomanic symptoms or than TDCs. BD participants across sub-types had impairments in sustained attention and information processing for emotionally valenced words. Our results align with prior findings showing that BD-I/II youths with distinct episodes have specific alterations in reversal learning. More broadly, our study suggests that further work is necessary to see the interaction between neurocognitive performance and longitudinal illness course. Additional work is required to identify the neural underpinnings of these differences as targets for potential novel treatments, such as cognitive remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel P Dickstein
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Division of Child-Family Psychiatry, Bradley Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, East Providence, RI, USA.
- PediMIND Program, Bradley Hospital, 1011 Veterans Memorial Parkway, East Providence, RI, 02915, USA.
| | - David Axelson
- Department of Psychiatry, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Alexandra B Weissman
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Division of Child-Family Psychiatry, Bradley Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, East Providence, RI, USA
| | - Shirley Yen
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior/Butler Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Jeffrey I Hunt
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Division of Child-Family Psychiatry, Bradley Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, East Providence, RI, USA
| | - Benjamin I Goldstein
- Department of Child Psychiatry, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto Medical Center, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Tina R Goldstein
- Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Fangzi Liao
- Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Mary Kay Gill
- Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Heather Hower
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior/Butler Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Thomas W Frazier
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Autism, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Rasim S Diler
- Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Eric A Youngstrom
- Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Mary A Fristad
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - L Eugene Arnold
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Robert L Findling
- Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sarah M Horwitz
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Robert A Kowatch
- Department of Psychiatry, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Neal D Ryan
- Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Michael Strober
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Boris Birmaher
- Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Metcalfe AWS, MacIntosh BJ, Scavone A, Ou X, Korczak D, Goldstein BI. Effects of acute aerobic exercise on neural correlates of attention and inhibition in adolescents with bipolar disorder. Transl Psychiatry 2016; 6:e814. [PMID: 27187236 PMCID: PMC5070058 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2016.85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Revised: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Executive dysfunction is common during and between mood episodes in bipolar disorder (BD), causing social and functional impairment. This study investigated the effect of acute exercise on adolescents with BD and healthy control subjects (HC) to test for positive or negative consequences on neural response during an executive task. Fifty adolescents (mean age 16.54±1.47 years, 56% female, 30 with BD) completed an attention and response inhibition task before and after 20 min of recumbent cycling at ~70% of age-predicted maximum heart rate. 3 T functional magnetic resonance imaging data were analyzed in a whole brain voxel-wise analysis and as regions of interest (ROI), examining Go and NoGo response events. In the whole brain analysis of Go trials, exercise had larger effect in BD vs HC throughout ventral prefrontal cortex, amygdala and hippocampus; the profile of these effects was of greater disengagement after exercise. Pre-exercise ROI analysis confirmed this 'deficit in deactivation' for BDs in rostral ACC and found an activation deficit on NoGo errors in accumbens. Pre-exercise accumbens NoGo error activity correlated with depression symptoms and Go activity with mania symptoms; no correlations were present after exercise. Performance was matched to controls and results survived a series of covariate analyses. This study provides evidence that acute aerobic exercise transiently changes neural response during an executive task among adolescents with BD, and that pre-exercise relationships between symptoms and neural response are absent after exercise. Acute aerobic exercise constitutes a biological probe that may provide insights regarding pathophysiology and treatment of BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- A W S Metcalfe
- Centre for Youth Bipolar Disorder, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Brain Sciences, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Heart and Stroke Foundation Canadian Partnership for Stroke Recovery, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - B J MacIntosh
- Brain Sciences, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Heart and Stroke Foundation Canadian Partnership for Stroke Recovery, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Physical Sciences, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - A Scavone
- Centre for Youth Bipolar Disorder, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - X Ou
- Centre for Youth Bipolar Disorder, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - D Korczak
- Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - B I Goldstein
- Centre for Youth Bipolar Disorder, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Heart and Stroke Foundation Canadian Partnership for Stroke Recovery, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Stoddard J, Gotts SJ, Brotman MA, Lever S, Hsu D, Zarate C, Ernst M, Pine DS, Leibenluft E. Aberrant intrinsic functional connectivity within and between corticostriatal and temporal-parietal networks in adults and youth with bipolar disorder. Psychol Med 2016; 46:1509-1522. [PMID: 26924633 PMCID: PMC6996294 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291716000143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major questions remain regarding the dysfunctional neural circuitry underlying the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder (BD) in both youths and adults. In both age groups, studies implicate abnormal intrinsic functional connectivity among prefrontal, limbic and striatal areas. METHOD We collected resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data from youths and adults (ages 10-50 years) with BD (n = 39) and healthy volunteers (HV; n = 78). We identified brain regions with aberrant intrinsic functional connectivity in BD by first comparing voxel-wise mean global connectivity and then conducting correlation analyses. We used k-means clustering and multidimensional scaling to organize all detected regions into networks. RESULTS Across the brain, we detected areas of dysconnectivity in both youths and adults with BD relative to HV. There were no significant age-group × diagnosis interactions. When organized by interregional connectivity, the areas of dysconnectivity in patients with BD comprised two networks: one of temporal and parietal areas involved in late stages of visual processing, and one of corticostriatal areas involved in attention, cognitive control and response generation. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that two networks show abnormal intrinsic functional connectivity in BD. Regions in these networks have been implicated previously in BD. We observed similar dysconnectivity in youths and adults with BD. These findings provide guidance for refining models of network-based dysfunction in BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Stoddard
- Department of Health and Human Services, Section on Bipolar Spectrum Disorders, Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - S. J. Gotts
- Department of Health and Human Services, Section on Cognitive Neuropsychology, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - M. A. Brotman
- Department of Health and Human Services, Section on Bipolar Spectrum Disorders, Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - S. Lever
- Department of Health and Human Services, Section on Bipolar Spectrum Disorders, Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - D. Hsu
- School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - C. Zarate
- Department of Health and Human Services, Section on the Neurobiology and Treatment of Mood Disorders, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - M. Ernst
- Department of Health and Human Services, Section on Development and Affective Neuroscience, Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - D. S. Pine
- Department of Health and Human Services, Section on Development and Affective Neuroscience, Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - E. Leibenluft
- Department of Health and Human Services, Section on Bipolar Spectrum Disorders, Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Marshall DF, Passarotti AM, Ryan KA, Kamali M, Saunders EFH, Pester B, McInnis MG, Langenecker SA. Deficient inhibitory control as an outcome of childhood trauma. Psychiatry Res 2016; 235:7-12. [PMID: 26707783 PMCID: PMC6639093 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2015.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Revised: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Childhood trauma has been linked to the development and severity of psychiatric disorders as well as deficits in cognitive functioning. This study aimed to investigate the performance of bipolar disorder (BD) patients and healthy controls (HC), with or without a history of childhood trauma, on a parametric Go/No-Go (PGNG) task measuring important aspects of executive functions, namely attention and inhibitory control. Two hundred and thirty-three individuals with BD and 90 HC completed diagnostic interview, childhood trauma questionnaire (CTQ), symptom severity scales, and a PGNG task. Four comparison groups were created using a 1.0 standard deviation cut-off of the mean of the HC total CTQ score: BD-trauma, BD-normative, HC-trauma and HC-normative. We assessed interactions between diagnosis and trauma on Go/No-Go levels of interest by using a two-way multivariate analysis of covariance. Results showed a significant main effect of trauma on inhibitory control accuracy, as the trauma group exhibited significantly poorer accuracy on inhibition trials compared to the normative group. There was also a main effect of diagnosis on response time. These findings suggest that early trauma might adversely impact the development of cognitive systems and brain circuits that support inhibitory aspects of executive functioning in individuals with a history of trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- David F. Marshall
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA,Corresponding author at: Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, 2101 Commonwealth Blvd, Suite C, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA. Tel.: + 1 734 763 9259, Fax: + 1 734 936 9262,
| | | | - Kelly A. Ryan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Masoud Kamali
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Erika F. H. Saunders
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Bethany Pester
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Melvin G. McInnis
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Scott A. Langenecker
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA,Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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46
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van Rooij D, Hoekstra PJ, Bralten J, Hakobjan M, Oosterlaan J, Franke B, Rommelse N, Buitelaar JK, Hartman CA. Influence of DAT1 and COMT variants on neural activation during response inhibition in adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and healthy controls. Psychol Med 2015; 45:3159-3170. [PMID: 26073896 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291715001130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Impairment of response inhibition has been implicated in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Dopamine neurotransmission has been linked to the behavioural and neural correlates of response inhibition. The current study aimed to investigate the relationship of polymorphisms in two dopamine-related genes, the catechol-O-methyltransferase gene (COMT) and the dopamine transporter gene (SLC6A3 or DAT1), with the neural and behavioural correlates of response inhibition. METHOD Behavioural and neural measures of response inhibition were obtained in 185 adolescents with ADHD, 111 of their unaffected siblings and 124 healthy controls (mean age 16.9 years). We investigated the association of DAT1 and COMT variants on task performance and whole-brain neural activation during response inhibition in a hypothesis-free manner. Additionally, we attempted to explain variance in previously found ADHD effects on neural activation during response inhibition using these DAT1 and COMT polymorphisms. RESULTS The whole-brain analyses demonstrated large-scale neural activation changes in the medial and lateral prefrontal, subcortical and parietal regions of the response inhibition network in relation to DAT1 and COMT polymorphisms. Although these neural activation changes were associated with different task performance measures, no relationship was found between DAT1 or COMT variants and ADHD, nor did variants in these genes explain variance in the effects of ADHD on neural activation. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that dopamine-related genes play a role in the neurobiology of response inhibition. The limited associations between gene polymorphisms and task performance further indicate the added value of neural measures in linking genetic factors and behavioural measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- D van Rooij
- Department of Psychiatry,University of Groningen,University Medical Center Groningen,Groningen,The Netherlands
| | - P J Hoekstra
- Department of Psychiatry,University of Groningen,University Medical Center Groningen,Groningen,The Netherlands
| | - J Bralten
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience,Radboud University Medical Center,Donders Institute for Brain,Cognition and Behaviour,Nijmegen,The Netherlands
| | - M Hakobjan
- Department of Human Genetics,Radboud University Medical Center,Donders Institute for Brain,Cognition and Behaviour,Nijmegen,The Netherlands
| | - J Oosterlaan
- Department of Neuropsychology,VU University Amsterdam,Amsterdam,The Netherlands
| | - B Franke
- Department of Human Genetics,Radboud University Medical Center,Donders Institute for Brain,Cognition and Behaviour,Nijmegen,The Netherlands
| | - N Rommelse
- Department of Psychiatry,Radboud University Medical Center,Donders Institute for Brain,Cognition and Behaviour,Nijmegen,The Netherlands
| | - J K Buitelaar
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience,Radboud University Medical Center,Donders Institute for Brain,Cognition and Behaviour,Nijmegen,The Netherlands
| | - C A Hartman
- Department of Psychiatry,University of Groningen,University Medical Center Groningen,Groningen,The Netherlands
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47
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Bauer IE, Frazier TW, Meyer TD, Youngstrom E, Zunta-Soares GB, Soares JC. Affective Processing in Pediatric Bipolar Disorder and Offspring of Bipolar Parents. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 2015; 25:684-90. [PMID: 26468988 PMCID: PMC4653817 DOI: 10.1089/cap.2015.0076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bipolar disorder (BD) is characterized by biased processing of emotional information. However, little research in this area has been conducted in youth with BD and at-risk individuals. The goal of this study was to determine whether children with BD displayed comparable or more severe manifestations of this bias relative to offspring of parents with BD. MATERIALS AND METHODS The sample (n = 57 children and adolescents) included 18 individuals with BD (age: 13.63 ± 2.99; 8 females), 16 offspring of parents with BD (age: 11.83 ± 2.96; 9 females) and 23 healthy controls (HC) (age: 12.789 ± 3.087; 8 females). All participants performed the Affective Go/No-Go (AGN) and the Rapid Visual Processing (RVP) tasks of the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB). RESULTS Relative to HC, individuals with BD responded faster to correct trials and committed an elevated number of commission errors across all affective conditions of the AGN task. By contrast, BD offspring showed intact performance accuracy but quicker response times than HC. Post-hoc analyses revealed that this behavioral pattern was observed in BD offspring with mental health problems but not in healthy BD offspring. Overall, mean reaction times and total number of errors in the RVP task were comparable across groups. CONCLUSIONS In line with previous findings, subjects with BD encountered difficulties in processing affective information. The tendency toward faster but accurate responses to affective stimuli observed in BD offspring may be a marker of attentional bias toward affective information and constitute a vulnerability marker for mood disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle E Bauer
- 1 Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston , Houston, Texas
| | | | - Thomas D Meyer
- 1 Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston , Houston, Texas
| | - Eric Youngstrom
- 3 Psychology Department, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Giovana B Zunta-Soares
- 1 Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston , Houston, Texas
| | - Jair C Soares
- 1 Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston , Houston, Texas
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48
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Abstract
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and conditions involving excessive eating (eg, obesity, binge/loss of control eating) are increasingly prevalent within pediatric populations, and correlational and some longitudinal studies have suggested inter-relationships between these disorders. In addition, a number of common neural correlates are emerging across conditions, eg, functional abnormalities within circuits subserving reward processing and executive functioning. To explore this potential cross-condition overlap in neurobehavioral underpinnings, we selectively review relevant functional neuroimaging literature, specifically focusing on studies probing (i) reward processing, (ii) response inhibition, and (iii) emotional processing and regulation, and we outline 3 specific shared neurobehavioral circuits. Based on our review, we also identify gaps within the literature that would benefit from further research.
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49
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Frías Á, Palma C, Farriols N. Comorbidity in pediatric bipolar disorder: prevalence, clinical impact, etiology and treatment. J Affect Disord 2015; 174:378-89. [PMID: 25545605 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2014.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Revised: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research on pediatric bipolar disorder (PBD) is providing a plethora of empirical findings regarding its comorbidity. We addressed this question through a systematic review concerning the prevalence, clinical impact, etiology and treatment of main comorbid disorders involved. METHOD A comprehensive database search was performed from 1990 to August 2014. Overall, 167 studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria. RESULTS Bipolar youth tend to suffer from comorbid disorders, with highest weighted mean prevalence rate arising from anxiety disorders (54%), followed by attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) (48%), disruptive behavior disorders (31%), and substance use disorders (SUD) (31%). Furthermore, evidence indicates that ADHD and anxiety disorders negatively affect the symptomatology, neurocognitive profile, clinical course and the global functioning of PBD. Likewise, several theories have been posited to explain comorbidity rates in PBD, specifically common risk factors, one disorder being a risk factor for the other and nosological artefacts. Lastly, randomized controlled trials highlight a stronger therapeutic response to stimulants and atomoxetine (vs. placebo) as adjunctive interventions for comorbid ADHD symptoms. In addition, research focused on the treatment of other comorbid disorders postulates some benefits from mood stabilizers and/or SGA. LIMITATIONS Epidemiologic follow-up studies are needed to avoid the risk of nosological artefacts. Likewise, more research is needed on pervasive developmental disorders and anxiety disorders, especially regarding their etiology and treatment. CONCLUSIONS Psychiatric comorbidity is highly prevalent and is associated with a deleterious clinical effect on pediatric bipolarity. Different etiological pathways may explain the presence of these comorbid disorders among bipolar youth. Standardized treatments are providing ongoing data regarding their effectiveness for these comorbidities among bipolar youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro Frías
- FPCEE Blanquerna, University of Ramon-Llull, Císterst 34, 08022 Barcelona, Spain; Adult Outpatient Mental Health Center, Hospital of Mataró, Mataró, Spain.
| | - Cárol Palma
- FPCEE Blanquerna, University of Ramon-Llull, Císterst 34, 08022 Barcelona, Spain; Adult Outpatient Mental Health Center, Hospital of Mataró, Mataró, Spain
| | - Núria Farriols
- FPCEE Blanquerna, University of Ramon-Llull, Císterst 34, 08022 Barcelona, Spain; Adult Outpatient Mental Health Center, Hospital of Mataró, Mataró, Spain
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50
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Pavuluri MN, Lee MS, Pandey G. Lithium response viewed as a biomarker to predict developmental psychopathology in offspring with bipolar disorder: a commentary. Bipolar Disord 2015; 17:224-32. [PMID: 25523965 DOI: 10.1111/bdi.12280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mani N Pavuluri
- Pediatric Brain Research and Intervention Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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