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Guo Z, Gao X, Wang C, Liu S, Xu C, Mao S, Sun X, Niu L, Liu W. Isomer, enantiomer and compound-specific stable isotope evidences for the transformation of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes (DDTs) in soils from three typical paddy fields in China. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 476:135233. [PMID: 39029190 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
Chlorinated pollutants may follow distinct degradation pathways in anaerobic environments compared to aerobic settings. However, the understanding of the behaviors and fate of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes (DDTs) under anaerobic conditions remains limited. To address this knowledge gap, we conducted a study on flooded soil samples collected from three typical paddy fields in China using an integrated approach of enantiomer-specific analysis and compound-specific stable carbon isotope analysis. It is unexpected that the dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane /dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene ratios (DDD/DDE=(o,p'-DDD+p,p'-DDD)/(o,p'-DDE+p,p'-DDE)) were below 1 in over 90 % of the samples. This might be attributed to the higher recalcitrance of p,p'-DDE, which concentrations were found to be 36 times higher than p,p'-DDD on average. There were 71.7 % of the samples showing enantiomeric fractions (EFs) of o,p'-DDT below 0.5, indicating a preferential accumulation of the (-)-enantiomer. The δ13C values of the anaerobic metabolite o,p'-DDD (-24.76 ± 1.35 ‰ to -34.39 ± 0.20 ‰) all deviated negatively from the initial product, while those of the aerobic metabolite o,p'-DDE (-23.61 ± 0.48 ‰ to -38.95 ± 0.81 ‰) displayed either negative or positive deviations. This demonstrates that o,p'-DDD is the primary metabolite of o,p'-DDT under anaerobic conditions. However, no clear correlations were observed between the δ13C and EF of o,p'-DDT. This study underscores the importance of such an integrated methodology in unraveling the fate and behaviors of DDTs in complex environmental systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zili Guo
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang Province, Interdisciplinary Research Academy, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, China
| | - Xiaoyi Gao
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang Province, Interdisciplinary Research Academy, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, China
| | - Chenyue Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang Province, Interdisciplinary Research Academy, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, China; College of Information Science and Technology, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, China
| | - Shuren Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang Province, Interdisciplinary Research Academy, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, China
| | - Chao Xu
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Shuduan Mao
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang Province, Interdisciplinary Research Academy, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, China
| | - Xiaohui Sun
- Zhejiang Environmental Monitoring Centre, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Lili Niu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang Province, Interdisciplinary Research Academy, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, China.
| | - Weiping Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang Province, Interdisciplinary Research Academy, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, Institute of Environmental Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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2
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Villalba A, Cecchetto F, Vazquez ND, Amarilla L, Ramirez CL, Galetto L, Maggi M, Miglioranza KSB. Contaminant dynamics in honey bees and hive products of apiaries from environmentally contrasting Argentinean regions. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 249:118306. [PMID: 38307184 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
Argentina is a leading honey producer and honey bees are also critical for pollination services and wild plants. At the same time, it is a major crop producer with significant use of insecticides, posing risks to bees. Therefore, the presence of the highly toxic insecticide chlorpyrifos, and forbidden contaminants (organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs)) was investigated in honey bee, beebread, wax and honey samples in apiaries from three contrasting regions of Argentina. Chlorpyrifos was detected in all samples with higher levels during period 1 (spring) in contrast to period 2 (fall), agreeing with its season-wise use in different crops, reaching 3.05 ng/g in honey bees. A subsequent first-tier pesticide hazard analysis revealed that it was relevant to honey bee health, mainly due to the high concentrations found in wax samples from two sites, reaching 132.4 ng/g. In addition, wax was found to be the most contaminated matrix with a prevalence of OCPs (∑OCPs 58.23-172.99 ng/g). Beebread samples showed the highest concentrations and diversity of pesticide residues during period 1 (higher temperatures). A predominance of the endosulfan group was registered in most samples, consistent with its intensive past use, especially in Central Patagonia before its prohibition. Among the industrial compounds, lighter PCB congeners dominated, suggesting the importance of atmospheric transport. The spatio-temporal distribution of pesticides shows a congruence with the environmental characteristics of the areas where the fields are located (i.e., land use, type of productive activities and climatic conditions). Sustained monitoring of different pollutants in beekeeping matrices is recommended to characterize chemical risks, assess the health status of honey bee hives and the pollution levels of different agroecosystems. This knowledge will set a precedent for South America and be helpful for actions focused on the conservation of pollination services, apiculture and ecosystems in Argentina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agustina Villalba
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicology and Environmental Contamination, Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences (FCEyN), National University of Mar del Plata (UNMDP), Institute of Marine and Coastal Research (IIMyC), National Scientific and Technological Research Council (CONICET), Funes 3350, 7600, Mar del Plata, Argentina; Center for Research in Social Bees (CIAS), FCEyN, UNMdP, Institute for Research in Production, Health and Environment (IIPROSAM), CONICET, Partner Center of the Scientific Research Commission of the Province of Buenos Aires (CIC-PBA), Funes 3350, 7600, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Franco Cecchetto
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicology and Environmental Contamination, Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences (FCEyN), National University of Mar del Plata (UNMDP), Institute of Marine and Coastal Research (IIMyC), National Scientific and Technological Research Council (CONICET), Funes 3350, 7600, Mar del Plata, Argentina.
| | - Nicolas D Vazquez
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicology and Environmental Contamination, Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences (FCEyN), National University of Mar del Plata (UNMDP), Institute of Marine and Coastal Research (IIMyC), National Scientific and Technological Research Council (CONICET), Funes 3350, 7600, Mar del Plata, Argentina; Laboratory of Cnidarian Biology, FCEyN, UNMDP, IIMyC, CONICET, Funes 3350, 7600, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Leonardo Amarilla
- Department of Biological Diversity and Ecology, Faculty of Exact, Physic and Natural Sciences (FCEFyN), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (UNC), Multidisciplinary Institute of Plant Biology (IMBIV), CONICET, Vélez Sarsfield 1611, 5000, Cordoba, Argentina
| | - Cristina L Ramirez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, FCEyN, UNMDP, Funes 3350, 7600, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Leonardo Galetto
- Department of Biological Diversity and Ecology, Faculty of Exact, Physic and Natural Sciences (FCEFyN), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (UNC), Multidisciplinary Institute of Plant Biology (IMBIV), CONICET, Vélez Sarsfield 1611, 5000, Cordoba, Argentina
| | - Matías Maggi
- Center for Research in Social Bees (CIAS), FCEyN, UNMdP, Institute for Research in Production, Health and Environment (IIPROSAM), CONICET, Partner Center of the Scientific Research Commission of the Province of Buenos Aires (CIC-PBA), Funes 3350, 7600, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Karina S B Miglioranza
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicology and Environmental Contamination, Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences (FCEyN), National University of Mar del Plata (UNMDP), Institute of Marine and Coastal Research (IIMyC), National Scientific and Technological Research Council (CONICET), Funes 3350, 7600, Mar del Plata, Argentina
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3
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Akter M, Alam MS, Yang X, Nunes JP, Zomer P, Rahman MM, Mol H, Ritsema CJ, Geissen V. Hidden risk of terrestrial food chain contamination from organochlorine insecticides in a vegetable cultivation area of Northwest Bangladesh. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:169343. [PMID: 38097076 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Organochlorine insecticide (OCI) exposures in terrestrial food chains from historical or current applications were studied in a vegetable production area in northwest Bangladesh. A total of 57 subsoil, 57 topsoil, and 57 vegetable samples, as well as 30 cow's milk samples, were collected from 57 farms. Multiple OCI residues were detected using GC-MS/MS with modified QuEChERS in 20 % of subsoils, 21 % of topsoils, 23 % of vegetables, and 7 % of cow's milk samples. Diversified OCI residues were detected in subsoils (17 residues with a concentration of 179.15 ± 148.61 μg kg-1) rather than in topsoils (3 DDT residues with a concentration of 25.76 ± 20.19 μg kg-1). Isomeric ratios indicate intensive historical applications of OCIs. According to Dutch and Chinese standards, the lower concentrations of individual OCI residues in the soil indicate negligible to slight soil pollution, assuming local farmers follow local pesticide use regulations. However, a maximum of 78.24 μg kg-1 ΣAldrines and 35.57 μg kg-1 ΣHCHs were detected (1-4 residues) in 60 % of brinjal, 28 % of cucumber, 29 % of sponge gourd, and 20 % of lady's finger samples, which could be a result of either historical or current OCI applications, or both. A strong positive correlation between aldrines in subsoils and cucurbit vegetables indicates greater bioaccumulation. Cow milk samples contained up to 6.96 μg kg-1 ΣDDTs, which resulted either from rationing contaminated vegetables or grazing on contaminated land. Individual OCI in both vegetables and cow's milk was below the respective maximum residue limits of US and FAO/WHO CODEX and poses little or no risk to human health. However, combined exposure to multiple pesticides could increase human health risks. A cumulative health risk assessment of multiple pesticide residues is suggested to assess the suitability of those soils for cultivation and grazing, as well as the safety of vegetables and cow's milk for human consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mousumi Akter
- Soil Physics and Land Management, Wageningen University & Research, 6700AA Wageningen, the Netherlands; Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh.
| | - Md Shohidul Alam
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Xiaomei Yang
- Soil Physics and Land Management, Wageningen University & Research, 6700AA Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - João Pedro Nunes
- Soil Physics and Land Management, Wageningen University & Research, 6700AA Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Paul Zomer
- Wageningen Food Safety Research, 6700AE Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Md Mokhlesur Rahman
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Hans Mol
- Wageningen Food Safety Research, 6700AE Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Coen J Ritsema
- Soil Physics and Land Management, Wageningen University & Research, 6700AA Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Violette Geissen
- Soil Physics and Land Management, Wageningen University & Research, 6700AA Wageningen, the Netherlands
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Li B, Chen L, Li F, Cao Q, Yan C, Wu X, Wang K, Wu M, Gao Y, Tong H. Chlordane exposure impairs the growth and behavior of Drosophila. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 270:115903. [PMID: 38176184 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Chlordane, a previously extensively utilized insecticidal pesticide, has since been prohibited, however, owing to its limited degradability, it continues to persist significantly in soil and water reservoirs, subsequently accumulating within plant and animal organisms, representing a substantial threat to human health. Despite extensive research conducted over the past few decades to investigate the toxic effects of chlordane, there remains a notable dearth of studies focusing on its impact on sleep activity. Therefore, in this study, the effects of short-term and long-term exposure to chlordane on the activity and sleep of Drosophila were investigated. When exposed to chlordane at a concentration of 1 μM, Drosophila lost body weight, decreased body size and resulted in lipid metabolism disorders. In addition, chlordane exposure altered the arousal and sleep behaviors of Drosophila. Short-term exposure to chlordane resulted in an increase in night-time sleep duration, while long-term exposure to chlordane resulted in an increase in activity and a decrease in sleep, as evidenced by a decrease in the duration of each sleep session and the appearance of sleep fragmentation. Under conditions of long-term chlordane exposure, reactive oxygen species levels were significantly up-regulated in Drosophila. Our results suggest that long-term chlordane exposure triggers oxidative stress damage in Drosophila, leading to sleep disruption. This study offers novel insights into the harmful impacts of environmental pollutants on human sleep patterns and proposes that mitigating the presence of chlordane in the environment could potentially contribute to the reduction of global sleep disorder prevalence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyang Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Luxi Chen
- Pediatric Emergency Observation Department, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325200, China
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Qiaoyao Cao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Chenyan Yan
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Xin Wu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Kexin Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Mingjiang Wu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Yitian Gao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
| | - Haibin Tong
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
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5
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Yu R, Zhou Y, Xu S, Jing J, Zhang H, Huang Y. Distribution, Transfer, and Health Risk of Organochlorine Pesticides in Soil and Water of the Huangshui River Basin. TOXICS 2023; 11:1024. [PMID: 38133425 PMCID: PMC10747045 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11121024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
The potential negative impacts of organochlorine pesticides on the environment and human health continue to receive attention. In order to study the spatial distribution characteristics of organochlorine pesticides in the inland alpine region, researchers collected soil and water samples in the Huangshui River Basin of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and tested them for organochlorine pesticide residues represented by dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and hexachlorohexane (HCH). The study identified the sources of OCPs by component analysis. We also constructed the LEVEL III model, applicable to the Huangshui River Basin, and used it to study the migration patterns of OCPs in various environmental media. OCPs were detected at low levels in the study area environment. The results of the OCPs source analysis show that there are both historical residuals and new sources in the region. Residual DDTs may originate from the mixture of technical DDTs and dicofol, and HCHs may originate from lindane or technical HCH. DDTs are mainly stored in soil, the input and output pathways are mainly atmospheric advection input and output, and its transport behavior in the environment is mainly air-soil exchange. Carcinogens in the study area pose little threat to people exposed to contaminated soil and contaminated water, but the cancer risk to children is greater than to adults. This study is helpful to managers of regional pesticide management and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruyue Yu
- College of Land Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (R.Y.)
| | - Yang Zhou
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shengxian Xu
- College of Land Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (R.Y.)
| | - Jing Jing
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hongyan Zhang
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yuanfang Huang
- College of Land Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (R.Y.)
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Raza T, Qadir MF, Khan KS, Eash NS, Yousuf M, Chatterjee S, Manzoor R, Rehman SU, Oetting JN. Unrevealing the potential of microbes in decomposition of organic matter and release of carbon in the ecosystem. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 344:118529. [PMID: 37418912 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
Organic matter decomposition is a biochemical process with consequences affecting climate change and ecosystem productivity. Once decomposition begins, C is lost as CO2 or sequestered into more recalcitrant carbon difficult to further degradation. As microbial respiration releases carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, microbes act as gatekeepers in the whole process. Microbial activities were found to be the second largest CO2 emission source in the environment after human activities (industrialization), and research investigations suggest that this may have affected climate change over the past few decades. It is crucial to note that microbes are major contributors in the whole C cycle (decomposition, transformation, and stabilization). Therefore, imbalances in the C cycle might be causing changes in the entire carbon content of the ecosystem. The significance of microbes, especially soil bacteria in the terrestrial carbon cycle requires more attention. This review focuses on the factors that affect microorganism behavior during the breakdown of organic materials. The key factors affecting the microbial degradation processes are the quality of the input material, nitrogen, temperature, and moisture content. In this review, we suggest that to address global climate change and its effects on agricultural systems and vice versa, there is a need to double-up on efforts and conduct new research studies to further evaluate the potential of microbial communities to reduce their contribution to terrestrial carbon emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taqi Raza
- The Biosystems Engineering & Soil Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, USA.
| | - Muhammad Farhan Qadir
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
| | - Khuram Shehzad Khan
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Neal S Eash
- The Biosystems Engineering & Soil Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, USA
| | - Muhammad Yousuf
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
| | - Sumanta Chatterjee
- USDA ARS, Hydrology and Remote Sensing Laboratory, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA; ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack 753006, India
| | - Rabia Manzoor
- Land Resources Research Institute, National Agricultural Research Centre, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sana Ur Rehman
- National Research Center of Intercropping, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan
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Zheng Q, Xu Y, Cao Z, Zhao S, Bing H, Li J, Luo C, Zhang G. Spatial redistribution and enantiomeric signatures of hexachlorocyclohexanes in Chinese forest soils: Implications to environmental behavior and influencing factors. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 894:165024. [PMID: 37343885 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs) are a group of highly persistent pesticides. The concentrations of HCHs and the enantiomeric fractions of α-HCH in the O- and A-horizons from 30 mountains across China were analyzed in this study. The concentrations of total HCHs ranged from 0.061 to 46.9 ng/g (mean 2.12 ng/g) and 0.046 to 16.1 ng/g (mean 0.792 ng/g) in the O- and A-horizons, respectively. The HCH residues were mainly derived from the historical applications of technical HCH and lindane. Higher concentrations of HCHs were typically found in northern China, and no significant correlations were found between historical technical HCH usage and HCH isomer concentrations in either the O- or A-horizons (p > 0.05). Conversely, the concentrations of HCH isomers were significantly correlated with the environmental parameters (temperature and precipitation), thus indicating a typical secondary distribution pattern. Some HCH isomers tended to be transported northward under the long-term effect of monsoon. Chiral α-HCH was non-racemic in soils and showed preferential degradation of (-) α-HCH in both the O- and A-horizons. The transformation from γ-HCH to α-HCH might alter the enantiomeric signatures of α-HCH in soils. Moreover, the deviation from racemic of α-HCH was positively correlated with the C/N ratio in the A-horizon (p < 0.01), thus suggesting that the C/N ratio could alter the microbial activity and significantly affect the enantioselective degradation extent of α-HCH in soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural & Rural Pollution Abatement and Environmental Safety, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yue Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550002, China
| | - Zhen Cao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural & Rural Pollution Abatement and Environmental Safety, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Shizhen Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Haijian Bing
- The Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Chunling Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Gan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
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Alshemmari H, Al-Kasbi MM, Kavil YN, Orif MI, Al-Hulwani EK, Al-Darii RJ, Al-Shukaili SM, Al-Balushi FAA, Chakraborty P. New and legacy pesticidal persistent organic pollutants in the agricultural region of the Sultanate of Oman. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 459:132205. [PMID: 37604036 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Comprehensive air and surface soil monitoring was conducted for new and legacy organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) to fill the knowledge and data gap on the sources and fate of pesticidal persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in the Sultanate of Oman. DDTs in agricultural soil samples ranged from 0.013 to 95.80 ng/g (mean: 8.4 ± 25.06 ng/g), with a median value of 0.07 ng/g. The highest concentration was observed at Shinas, where intensive agricultural practice is prevalent. The dominance of p,p'-DDT in soil and air reflected technical DDT formulation usage in Oman. Among newly enlisted POPs, pentachlorobenzene had the maximum detection frequency in air (47%) and soil (41%). Over 90% of sites reflected extensive past use of hexachlorobenzene. Major OCP isomers and metabolites showed net volatilisation from the agricultural soil, thereby indicating concurrent emission and re-emission processes from the soil of Oman. However, the cleansing effect of oceanic air mass is the possible reason for relatively lower atmospheric OCP levels from a previous study. Although DDT displayed maximum cancer risk, the level is below the permissible limit. DDT primarily stemmed from obsolete stock and inadequate management practices. Hence, we suggest there is a need for DDT regulation in Oman.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Alshemmari
- Environmental Pollution and Climate Program, Environment & Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, P.O. Box: 24885, Safat 13109, State of Kuwait; Stockholm Convention Regional Center for Capacity-Building and the Transfer of Technology for West Asia (SCRC-Kuwait), Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, P.O. Box: 24885, Safat 13109, State of Kuwait
| | - Mohammed M Al-Kasbi
- Department of Chemical and Waste Management, Environment Authority, PO. Box 323, Muscat P.C:100, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Yasar N Kavil
- Stockholm Convention Regional Center for Capacity-Building and the Transfer of Technology for West Asia (SCRC-Kuwait), Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, P.O. Box: 24885, Safat 13109, State of Kuwait; Marine Chemistry Department, Faculty of Marine Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80207, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed I Orif
- Marine Chemistry Department, Faculty of Marine Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80207, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ebtesam K Al-Hulwani
- Department of Chemical and Waste Management, Environment Authority, PO. Box 323, Muscat P.C:100, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Rawya J Al-Darii
- Department of Chemical and Waste Management, Environment Authority, PO. Box 323, Muscat P.C:100, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Suleiman M Al-Shukaili
- Department of Chemical and Waste Management, Environment Authority, PO. Box 323, Muscat P.C:100, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Fawaz A A Al-Balushi
- Department of Chemical and Waste Management, Environment Authority, PO. Box 323, Muscat P.C:100, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Paromita Chakraborty
- Environmental Science and Technology Laboratory, Centre for Research in Environment, Sustainability Advocacy and Climate Change (REACH), SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603203, India.
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Xu H, Liu X, Zhang Z, Zhao X, Lin C, He M, Ouyang W. Peroxymonosulfate assisted mechanochemical remediation of high concentration DDTs contaminated soil. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 339:139651. [PMID: 37495051 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
DDTs (DDT and its metabolites) contaminated sites urgently need to be treated efficiently and greenly. In this study, a horizontal planetary mechanochemical method with co-milling additives was developed aiming at efficiently degrading high-concentration DDTs in historical contaminated soil (∼7500 mg/kg). Peroxymonosulfate (PMS) was firstly used to the mechanochemical degradation of DDTs in historical contaminated soil, with a degradation efficiency of over 95% after 1 h of milling under the optimal milling conditions (CR = 30:1, r = 500 rpm, R = 1:4). Mechanism study indicated that DDTs in soil were partially dechlorinated and mineralized. The main products formed might be chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons, which need further treatment by ball milling or other methods. Under the action of mechanical energy, PMS could oxidize DDTs in soil through non-radical way rather than common radical way. Then, a comprehensive assessment of this remediation method was conducted by analyzing the changes in soil properties and acute biotoxicity after ball milling. Although PMS had a great performance on the degradation of DDTs, especially p, p'-DDE, it would cause the acidification and salinization of soil. Therefore, further pH adjustment and desalination treatment were suggested to reduce the negative impacts. This work successfully presents a practical approach to mechanochemical remediation of DDTs contaminated sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengpu Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Xitao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
| | - Zhenguo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Xiwang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Chunye Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Mengchang He
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Wei Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China; Advanced Interdisciplinary Institute of Environment and Ecology, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, 519087, China
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10
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Wei L, Huang Q, Qiu Y, Zhao J, Rantakokko P, Gao H, Huang F, Bignert A, Bergman Å. Legacy persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in eggs of night herons and poultries from the upper Yangtze Basin, Southwest China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:93744-93759. [PMID: 37516701 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28974-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
Black-crowned night heron (Nycticorax nycticorax) eggs have been identified as useful indicators for biomonitoring the environmental pollution in China. In this study, we investigated thirty eggs of black-crowned night heron collected from the upper Yangtze River (Changjiang) Basin, Southwest China, for the occurrence of legacy persistent organic pollutants (POPs), including polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs), organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs). Our results showed a general presence of POPs in night heron eggs with OCPs being the dominant contaminants, having a geometric mean concentration of 22.2 ng g-1 wet weight (ww), followed by PCBs (1.36 ng g-1 ww), PBDEs (0.215 ng g-1 ww), and PCDD/Fs (23.0 pg g-1 ww). The concentration levels were found to be significantly higher in night heron eggs than in poultry eggs by one or two magnitude orders. Among OCP congeners, p,p'-DDE was found to be predominant in night heron eggs, with a geometric mean concentration of 15.1 ng g-1 ww. Furthermore, species-specific congener patterns in eggs suggested similar or different sources for different POPs, possibly associated with contaminated soil and parental dietary sources. Additionally, estimated daily intakes (EDIs) were used to evaluate non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risk associated with consumption of bird eggs. Our results revealed non-negligible non-cancer and cancer risk for humans who consume wild bird eggs as a regular diet instead of poultry eggs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lai Wei
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment of the Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, No. 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Qinghui Huang
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment of the Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, No. 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, China.
- International Joint Research Center for Sustainable Urban Water System, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Yanling Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment of the Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, No. 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
- International Joint Research Center for Sustainable Urban Water System, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Jianfu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment of the Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, No. 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
- International Joint Research Center for Sustainable Urban Water System, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Panu Rantakokko
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Department of Environmental Health, P.O. Box 95, FI-70701, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Hongwen Gao
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment of the Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, No. 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Fei Huang
- Yibin Research Base of the Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment of the Ministry of Education, Yibin University, Sichuan Province, Yibin, 644000, China
| | - Anders Bignert
- Yibin Research Base of the Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment of the Ministry of Education, Yibin University, Sichuan Province, Yibin, 644000, China
- Swedish Museum of Natural History, 104 05, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Åke Bergman
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment of the Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, No. 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
- Department of Environmental Science (ACES), Stockholm University, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Science and Technology, Örebro University, SE-701 82, Örebro, Sweden
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11
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Carr B, Masqué P, Alonso-Hernández CM, Huertas D, Bersuder P, Tolosa I. Trends of legacy and emerging organic contaminants in a sediment core from Cienfuegos Bay, Cuba, from 1990 to 2015. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 328:138571. [PMID: 37019402 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Legacy and emerging organic pollutants pose an ever-expanding challenge for the marine environment. This study analysed a dated sediment core from Cienfuegos Bay, Cuba, to assess the occurrence of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), alternative halogenated flame retardants (aHFRs), organophosphate esters (OPEs), and phthalates (PAEs) from 1990 to 2015. The results evidence the continuing presence of historical regulated contaminants (PCBs, OCPs, and PBDEs) in the southern basin of Cienfuegos Bay. PCB contamination declined since 2007, likely in response to the gradual global phasing out of PCB containing materials. There have been relatively consistent low accumulation rates for OCPs and PBDEs at this location (in 2015 approximately 1.9 and 0.26ng/cm2/year, respectively, with 2.8ng/cm2/year for Σ6PCBs), with indications of recent local DDT use in response to public health emergencies. In contrast, sharp increases are observed between 2012 and 2015 for the contaminants of emerging concern (PAEs, OPEs, and aHFRs), and in the case of two PAEs (DEHP and DnBP) the concentrations were above the established environmental effect limits for sediment dwelling organisms. These increasing trends reflect the growing global usage of both alternative flame retardants and plasticizer additives. Local drivers for these trends include nearby industrial sources such as a plastic recycling plant, multiple urban waste outfalls, and a cement factory. The limited capacity for solid waste management may also contribute to the high concentrations of emerging contaminants, especially plastic additives. For the most recent year (2015), the accumulation rates for Σ17aHFRs, Σ19PAEs, and Σ17OPEs into sediment at this location were estimated to be 10, 46 000, and 750ng/cm2/year, respectively. This data provides an initial survey of emerging organic contaminants within this understudied region of the world. The increasing temporal trends observed for aHFRs, OPEs, and PAEs highlights the need for further research concerning the rapid influx of these emerging contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigid Carr
- IAEA Marine Environmental Laboratories, 4 Quai Antoine 1er, 98000, Monaco.
| | - Pere Masqué
- IAEA Marine Environmental Laboratories, 4 Quai Antoine 1er, 98000, Monaco
| | | | - David Huertas
- IAEA Marine Environmental Laboratories, 4 Quai Antoine 1er, 98000, Monaco
| | - Philippe Bersuder
- IAEA Marine Environmental Laboratories, 4 Quai Antoine 1er, 98000, Monaco
| | - Imma Tolosa
- IAEA Marine Environmental Laboratories, 4 Quai Antoine 1er, 98000, Monaco.
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12
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Zhang M, Wang L, Li X, Song L, Luo D, Li Q, Wang Y, Wan Z, Mei S. Individual and mixtures of polychlorinated biphenyls and organochlorine pesticides exposure in relation to metabolic syndrome among Chinese adults. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 877:162935. [PMID: 36934926 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) are commonly detected in humans due to their persistence and bioaccumulation, and are suspected risk factors for metabolic syndrome (MetS). However, most studies have focused on individual rather than combined exposure. We explored the associations between individual and combined PCBs/OCPs exposure and MetS to better assess the health effects of PCBs and OCPs. This cross-sectional study included 1996 adults from Wuhan, China. A total of 338 participants fulfilled criteria for MetS. Eight PCBs and OCPs were detected in >50 % of the samples. Most of the hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs) in the serum were derived from the recent environmental input of lindane, while the high levels of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDTs) were mainly due to historical use. Multivariate linear regression analyses revealed that β-HCH, p,p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (p,p'-DDE), PCB-52, PCB-153, and PCB-180 were positively correlated with increased odds of MetS. The profiles of the PCBs and OCPs associated with the different components of MetS were distinct. Furthermore, quantile-based g computation (qgcomp) analyses showed that PCB and OCP mixtures were positively associated with the risk of MetS, and p,p'-DDE was the largest contributor to our model. These findings suggest that PCB and OCP concentrations, both individually and as mixtures, are associated with MetS risk. Prospective studies are needed to confirm these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingye Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, #13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Limei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, #13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Xiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, #13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Lulu Song
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Dan Luo
- Shimadzu (China) Co., LTD., Wuhan Wanda Center, No 96 Linjiang Avenue, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Shimadzu (China) Co., LTD., Wuhan Wanda Center, No 96 Linjiang Avenue, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Youjie Wang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhengce Wan
- Health Management Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Surong Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, #13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China.
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13
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Gandla V, Chiluka M, Gupta H, Sinha SN, Chakraborty P. Sediment-water partitioning and risk assessment of organochlorine pesticides along the urban, peri-urban and rural transects of Krishna River Basin, Peninsular India. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 874:162360. [PMID: 36822433 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) were widely used in the past for pest control in agricultural lands and vector control programs in India. Due to their persistence and toxic impacts, we have quantified twenty OCPs in surface water, groundwater, and surface sediment samples along the Krishna River Basin (KRB), flowing through Peninsular India. Samples were collected along the urban, peri-urban, and rural transects of the KRB to understand the relation between the occurrence of pesticidal organochlorine pollutants based on the land use and land cover (LULC) and asses potential risk. Diagnostic ratios revealed ongoing Lindane usage in rural and peri-urban transects. On the contrary, the urban transect of the Musi River (MR) showed fresh inputs of technical HCH. The ratios of (p,p'-DDE+ p,p'-DDD)/ΣDDT >0.5 and α/β-Endosulfan < 2.33 for most of the sites across the three transects for surface water, groundwater, and sediment indicate past DDT and Endosulfan usage across KRB. Excluding p,p'-DDE, and heptachlor in most of the sites, the logKOC' was higher than logKOC for other OCPs in the urban transect. However, for all the OCPs, the logKOC' was lower than logKOC in the peri-urban and rural transects of KRB thereby indicating that riverine sediment is acting as a sink for OCPs. The Krishna River annually transport about 0.24 tons HCH, 0.11 tons of DDT and 0.1 tons of Endosulfan. Despite having low water discharge, the compound-specific fluxes of the Wyra river are higher than the other two tributaries. Ecotoxicological risk assessment based on the Hazard Quotient suggested DDT pose higher risks to scud (zooplankton) and dinoflagellate and diatom (phytoplankton) whereas Endosulfan poses a threat to Bluegill (fish).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mounika Chiluka
- Department of Applied Geochemistry, Osmania University, Hyderabad, India
| | - Harish Gupta
- Department of Civil Engineering, Osmania University, Hyderabad, India
| | | | - Paromita Chakraborty
- Environmental Science and Technology Laboratory, Centre for Research in Environment, Sustainability Advocacy and Climate Change (REACH), SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, India.
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14
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Huang D, Gao L, Zhu S, Qiao L, Liu Y, Ai Q, Xu C, Wang W, Lu M, Zheng M. Target and non-target analysis of organochlorine pesticides and their transformation products in an agrochemical-contaminated area. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 324:138314. [PMID: 36889467 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Organochlorine pesticides show biological toxicity and their degradation typically takes many years. Previous studies of agrochemical-contaminated areas have mainly focused on limited target compounds, and emerging pollutants in soil have been overlooked. In this study, we collected soil samples from an abandoned agrochemical-contaminated area. Target analysis and non-target suspect screening by gas chromatography coupled with time-of-flight mass spectrometry were combined for qualitative and quantitative analysis of organochlorine pollutants. Target analysis showed that dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE), and dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane (DDD) were the main pollutants. With concentrations between 3.96 × 106 and 1.38 × 107 ng/g, these compounds posed significant health risks at the contaminated site. Non-target suspect screening identified 126 organochlorine compounds, most of which were chlorinated hydrocarbons and 90% of the compounds contained a benzene ring structure. The possible transformation pathways of DDT were inferred from proven pathways and the compounds identified by non-target suspect screening that had similar structures to DDT. This study will be useful for studies of the degradation mechanism of DDT. Semi-quantitative and hierarchical cluster analysis of compounds in soil showed that the distribution of contaminants in soil was influenced by the types of pollution sources and distance to them. Twenty-two contaminants were found in the soil at relatively high concentrations. The toxicities of 17 of these compounds are currently not known. These results improve our understanding of the environmental behavior of organochlorine contaminants in soil and are useful for further risk assessments of agrochemical-contaminated areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Lirong Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310000, China.
| | - Shuai Zhu
- National Research Center for Geoanalysis, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Lin Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Qiaofeng Ai
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Chi Xu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Quality Control in Environmental Monitoring, China National Environmental Monitoring Centre, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Wenwen Wang
- Agilent Technologies, Inc., Beijing, 100102, China
| | - Meiling Lu
- Agilent Technologies, Inc., Beijing, 100102, China
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15
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Li Q, Cai L, Wang R, Xia C, Cui G, Li C, Zheng X, Cai X. Development of structural equation models to unveil source-sink switches of mid-latitude soils for semi-volatile banned pesticides. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 318:120888. [PMID: 36529342 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
A variety of semi-volatile banned pesticides (SVBPs) are ubiquitous in soils of mid-latitude regions. SVBPs undertake complicated soil-gas exchange processes in mid-latitude regions, challenging the understanding of source or sink roles of soils for the semi-volatile contaminants. Herein, we develop structural equation models (SEMs) to unveil source or sink roles of mid-latitude soils (Liaoning, China) in winter and summer for 12 SVBPs (7 organochlorine and 5 organophosphorus pesticides). The 12 SVBPs exhibit different distribution patterns in soils, dependent of sampling seasons, soil characteristics, topographic/climate conditions of soil sites and chemical properties of compounds. SEM Model I (winter) and Model II (summer) reveal the distribution patterns of SVBPs in soils over season changes, indicating sink-source switches of soils for SVBPS from winter to summer. In winter, soil is a sink of 12 SVBPs in the study area, associated with the inputs of SVBPs in soils by air-particulate partition and dry depositions. However, in summer, soil is mainly a source of the same contaminants, mainly through the volatilization and leaching of SVBPs in soils. The sink-source switches of soils for SVBPs are usually dependent of chemical properties of compounds to higher extents than soil characteristics and topographic/climate conditions of soil sites, though these parameters pose different influences in winter and summer. It has been revealed that soil acts as a sink of SVBPs in winter, associated with the inputs of SVBPs in soils by air-particulate partition and dry depositions, whereas soil acts as a source of SVBPs in summer, mainly through the volatilization and leaching of SVBPs in soils. This finding may provide new insights into the unique distribution patterns of SVBPs in soils in mid-latitude regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Lin Cai
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Rubing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Chunlong Xia
- Fushun Hydrology Bureau of Liaoning Province, Fushun, 110300, China
| | - Guoqing Cui
- Fushun Hydrology Bureau of Liaoning Province, Fushun, 110300, China
| | - Cong Li
- Fushun Hydrology Bureau of Liaoning Province, Fushun, 110300, China
| | - Xuemei Zheng
- Dalian Institute of Administration, Dalian, 116013, China
| | - Xiyun Cai
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China.
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16
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Alshemmari H. Past, present and future trends of selected pesticidal and industrial POPs in Kuwait. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2022; 44:3191-3214. [PMID: 34661833 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-021-01113-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Given the background of current global initiatives for controlling persistent organic pollutants (POPs), an overview of the scientific knowledge about the POPs issues in Kuwait is presented in this study. Both acute and chronic exposure to POPs can be associated with a wide range of deleterious health effects, including illness and death. POPs have drawn significant political and scientific interest in their fate and actions, particularly where local releases have resulted in dispersed contamination far from the source regions. These concerns inevitably led to the establishment of the Stockholm Convention (SC) on POPs. In recent years, Kuwait has carried out a wide variety of environmental research, in particular, on the monitoring of POPs in different matrices. The technological development facilitated to achieve the opposite monitoring of pesticidal and industrial POPs. The majority of these POPs are from a point source. Kuwait does not have pesticide manufacturing facilities and has not produced pesticides for POPs in the past. In the agriculture sector, Kuwait primarily imports pesticides for pest and disease control. This review encompasses the historical presence and current status of (pesticidal) organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and (industrial POPs) PCBs and PBDEs in Kuwait based on the export, import, consumption and usage. This research also contrasts pesticide and industrial POP data from various Kuwaiti environmental matrices with data from other parts of Asia, the EU, the USA and Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Alshemmari
- Environmental and Climate Program, Environment & Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, P.O. Box: 24885, Safat, 13109, State of Kuwait.
- Stockholm Convention Regional Center for Capacity-Building and the Transfer of Technology for West Asia (SCRC-Kuwait), Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, P.O. Box: 24885, Safat, 13109, State of Kuwait.
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17
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Yogaswara D, Wulandari I, Hindarti D, Falahudin D. Organochlorine pesticides in marine sediments and seawater from Cirebon coastal water, West Java, Indonesia: Concentration, spatial distribution, potential sources, and ecological risk assessment. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2022; 180:113758. [PMID: 35605375 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.113758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) were investigated in surface sediments and seawater from three major estuaries at Cirebon coastal water, West Java Province, Indonesia. Total concentrations of OCPs in seawater and sediment varied from 10 to 120 ng/L (32 ± 36 ng/L) and 1.5 to 17 ng/g dw (mean of 7.4 ± 4.0 ng/g dw), respectively. OCPs concentrations in Sukalila estuary were higher than those detected in Bondet and Kejawan estuaries. The drins group was the predominant OCPs contaminant in seawater and sediment samples. Historical application of DDT, recent use of 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethylene (DDE), and application of technical hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs) are significant sources of DDTs and HCHs, respectively. The concentrations of γ-HCH and heptachlor epoxide in marine sediment elevated the value of Threshold Effect Limit (TEL) in 48% of the total study stations but lowered the value of Probable Effect Limit (PEL), suggesting that they ocassionally trigger adverse effects on benthic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deny Yogaswara
- Research Center for Oceanography, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jl Pasir Putih 1, Ancol Timur, Jakarta Utara, Indonesia
| | - Ita Wulandari
- Research Center for Oceanography, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jl Pasir Putih 1, Ancol Timur, Jakarta Utara, Indonesia
| | - Dwi Hindarti
- Research Center for Oceanography, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jl Pasir Putih 1, Ancol Timur, Jakarta Utara, Indonesia
| | - Dede Falahudin
- Research Center for Oceanography, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jl Pasir Putih 1, Ancol Timur, Jakarta Utara, Indonesia.
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18
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Hou M, Jin Q, Na G, Cai Y, Shi Y. Emissions, Isomer-Specific Environmental Behavior, and Transformation of OBS from One Major Fluorochemical Manufacturing Facility in China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:8103-8113. [PMID: 35686732 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c01287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Sodium p-perfluorous nonenoxybenzenesulfonate (OBS), a novel alternative to perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), has been widely used in various fields in China and has certain toxic effects similar to PFOS. This study monitored OBS and 15 legacy PFASs in surface water, sediment, soil, and crucian carp near a fluorochemical manufacturing factory (FMF) in Suqian, China, focusing on the emission, isomer-specific environmental fate, and transformation of OBS. One to four orders of magnitude higher concentrations of OBS than other polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in all samples indicate that industrial emission is an important point source of OBS in the surrounding environment. The concentrations of OBS in surface water, sediment, and soil decreased exponentially as the distance from the FMF increases. The proportions of OBS-c, the dominant isomer, increased in the order: water (75.5 ± 6.4%), sediment (85.7 ± 10%), fish (muscle: 94.1 ± 0.99%; blood: 93.5 ± 1.4%), suggesting its preferential accumulation in sediment and fish than other isomers. Mono-hydroxylated transformation products of OBS were first identified in water, sediment, and fish, suggesting its hydroxylation may exist in the real environment. The transformation of OBS may explain its significantly lower bioaccumulation than PFOS in fish. However, considering the higher BAF of OBS than the regulatory bioaccumulation criterion and the possible stronger toxicity of its transformation products, further studies on its bioaccumulation and transformation are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minmin Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qi Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guangshui Na
- Hainan Tropical Ocean University, Sanya 572022, China
| | - Yaqi Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
- Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Yali Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
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19
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Wang S, Wang Q, Yuan Z, Wu X. Organochlorine pesticides in riparian soils and sediments of the middle reach of the Huaihe River: A traditional agricultural area in China. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 296:134020. [PMID: 35216981 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Distributions, souces, ecological risks as well as environmental behaviors of 20 organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in riparian soils and sediments of the middle reach of the Huaihe River, a traditional agricultural area of China, were investigated. ∑OCPs in riparian soils and sediments were 1.8-63 ng g-1 (mean = 19 ± 12 ng g-1) and 1.2-9.9 ng g-1 (mean = 3.0 ± 1.8 ng g-1), respectively. HCHs were the dominant OCPs in both soils and sediments, while high concentrations of ∑HEPTs and ∑DDTs were also detected in some soils and sediments. No correlations were found between concentrations of OCPs and organic matter contents in both soils and sediments. Based on the source analysis, most OCPs in the riparian soils were mainly from historical residues, such as historical usage of technical HCH, DDT, chlordane and endosulfan. OCPs in sediments were influenced not only by surface runoff by also by other factors, e.g. in-situ contamination (DDT-containing antifouling paints in ships) and/or hydraulic transport from some tributaries. Some never-used OCPs, such as heptachlor and aldrin, were widely detected in soils and sediments. This might be attributed to some unknown usages or long-range atmospheric transport of them from other source regions. Ecological risk analysis suggested that DDTs and HCHs in soils would not lead to an adverse effect on soil ecological environment as well as agricultural production, and OCP residues in sediments also would not pose a threat to the sediment-dwelling organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Wang
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Water and Soil Pollution Control and Remediation, School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui, 241002, PR China; Center of Cooperative Innovation for Recovery and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Wanjiang City Belt, Wuhu, Anhui, 241002, PR China
| | - Qing Wang
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Water and Soil Pollution Control and Remediation, School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui, 241002, PR China; Center of Cooperative Innovation for Recovery and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Wanjiang City Belt, Wuhu, Anhui, 241002, PR China
| | - Zijiao Yuan
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Water and Soil Pollution Control and Remediation, School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui, 241002, PR China; Center of Cooperative Innovation for Recovery and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Wanjiang City Belt, Wuhu, Anhui, 241002, PR China
| | - Xiaoguo Wu
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Water and Soil Pollution Control and Remediation, School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui, 241002, PR China; Center of Cooperative Innovation for Recovery and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Wanjiang City Belt, Wuhu, Anhui, 241002, PR China.
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20
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Wang Y, Liu T, Tang J, Xiong Z, Song L, Ma T. Vertical distribution and effect of historical residual organochlorine pesticides on microbial community structure in sediment cores from an abandoned oxidation pond after dredging for 15 years. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:8306-8322. [PMID: 34482457 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16192-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The vertical distribution pattern of 19 organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), together with microbial ester-linked fatty acid methyl ester (EL-FAME) profiles were investigated in sediments from an abandoned oxidation pond of Ya-Er lake, China, which had been heavily polluted by hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs) and chlorobenzenes in 1980s. Subsurface sediment samples were taken from five sediment cores along the transect running from the lakeshore (0.5~2.7 m in depth) to lakebed (0.1~0.4 m). The total OCP concentration ranged from 29.8 to 941.8 ng g-1 dw. Hexachlorobenzene (HCB), HCHs, and dichlorodiphenyl-trichloroethanes (DDTs) were the three dominant OCP classes, accounting for 26.5-97.4%, 1.8-33.2%, and 0.4-15.5% of the total OCP concentration, respectively. Hot spots of HCB, HCHs, and DDTs were detected at 0.9~2.7 m deep layers of the lakeshore, where was once the main dredged sediment backfill site for in-situ remediation of the oxidation pond in 2002-2004. HCHs and HCB still showed high potential ecological risks. The sources of OCPs were identified and quantified using principal component analysis with absolute principal component scores-multiple linear regression model. The first three major sources were persistent residues, recent agricultural input, and historical industrial input, contributing on average 28.2%, 17.9%, and 17.1% of total OCPs, respectively. Redundancy analysis of microbial EL-FAME profiles and nine dominant OCPs revealed that the spatial variation in microbial community structure was significantly corresponded with the OCP composition. This is the first study highlighting the concern on historical industrial inputs of OCPs in subsurface sediments of the lakeshore disposal zone. The findings could help to distinguish the artificial backfill sediments from undisturbed polluted sediments for optimization of further dredging plans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafen Wang
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, No. 388 Lumo Road, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China.
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Systematic Water Pollution Control, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China.
| | - Tao Liu
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, No. 388 Lumo Road, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Jincan Tang
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, No. 388 Lumo Road, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiwei Xiong
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, No. 388 Lumo Road, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Liangchu Song
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, No. 388 Lumo Road, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Teng Ma
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, No. 388 Lumo Road, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China
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21
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Nyihirani F, Qu C, Yuan Z, Zhang Y, Mbululo Y, Janneh M, Qi S. Level, source, and distribution of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in agricultural soils of Tanzania. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2021; 194:19. [PMID: 34890011 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-021-09631-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the level, composition, and spatial and vertical distribution of the organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) at 0-2 cm and 2-20 cm in the agricultural surface soils from Southeastern to Central-western Tanzania. Although the most abundant OCPs were DDT with a mean concentration of 2.29 ng/g, dieldrin (1.57 ng/g), and methoxychlor (0.79 ng/g), HCH was the most dominant (with detection frequency of 88%). OCP dominance was in the Southern Highlands, which is the most productive agricultural zone. Though there were indicators of recent inputs for some sites, OCP contamination was mainly historical. DDT contamination was dominated by p,p'-DDE and resulted from both technical DDT and dicofol while HCH contamination was dominated by γ-HCH and resulted from both technical HCH and lindane. Based on depth, the OCPs dominated mainly the upper 2 cm, which was associated with soil and environmental factors rather than recent inputs since most of the detected compounds were historical. Nevertheless, some sites showed exceptional high abundance in the lower soil with more concentration of parent compounds. Therefore, this study recommends the need for further studies on the influence of soil properties on OCPs' transport in the soil, surface water, and air. Besides, detection of recent inputs at some sites calls for more mapping of the OCPs in the country to strengthen their control and prevention of future risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatuma Nyihirani
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Development Studies, Center for Environment, Poverty and Sustainable Development, Mzumbe University, Morogoro, Tanzania
| | - Chengkai Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhang Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Yunchao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Yassin Mbululo
- Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, Solomon Mahlangu College of Science and Education, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania
| | - Mariama Janneh
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Shihua Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China.
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China.
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22
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Organochlorine Pesticides in Karst Soil: Levels, Distribution, and Source Diagnosis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182111589. [PMID: 34770109 PMCID: PMC8582917 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182111589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Excessive reclamation and improper use of agrochemicals in karst areas leads to serious non-point source pollution, which is of great concern and needs to be controlled, since contaminants can easily pollute groundwater due to the thin patchy soil and developed karst structures. The occurrences of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in karst soil were investigated by analyzing 25 OCPs in the karst soils near the Three Gorges Dam, China. The total concentrations of OCPs ranged 161–43,100 (6410 ± 9620) pg/g, with the most abundant compounds being p,p′-DDT and mirex. The concentration differences between the orchard and vegetable field and between upstream and downstream presented the influences of land-use type and water transport on the OCP spatial distributions. Composition analysis indicated the possible fresh inputs of lindane, technical DDT, aldrin, endrin, mirex, and methoxychlor. Their illegal uses implied an insufficient agrochemical management system in undeveloped karst areas. Principal component analysis with multiple linear regression analysis characterized the dominant sources from current agricultural use and current veterinary use in the study area. OCPs in the soils might not pose significant cancer risk for the residents, but they need to be controlled due to their illegal uses and bioaccumulation effect via the food chain.
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23
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Woldetsadik D, Simon MP, Knuth D, Hailu H, Gebresilassie A, Dejen A, Düring RA. Exposure to DDT and HCH congeners and associated potential health risks through khat (Catha edulis) consumption among adults in South Wollo, Ethiopia. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2021; 43:3597-3613. [PMID: 33594639 PMCID: PMC7886647 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-021-00846-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Khat (Catha edulis) chewing is widespread in the region of East Africa. Even low levels of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in khat could induce public health concern. In a market-based study, from five popular khat varieties, a total of 35 composite khat samples were analyzed for dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and its main transformation products, and four hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) isomers. Extraction was carried out by quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe method (QuEChERS). OCP concentrations were determined by head space solid phase microextraction coupled to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS). Every sample contained β-HCH above the maximum residue limit set by the European Commission. For total DDT, this was the case for 25.7% of the samples. The ratios of (p,p'-DDD + p,p'-DDE) to p,p'-DDT were less than one for 85% of khat samples, demonstrating recent use of DDT in khat farmlands. Conversely, the ratio of β-HCH to total HCH varied from 0.56 to 0.96, implying historical input of technical HCH. Assuming a daily chewable portion of 100 g, dietary intakes of p,p'-DDT, total DDT and total HCH by adults ranged from 3.12 to 57.9, 6.49 to 80.2 and 39.2 to 51.9 ng (kg body weight)-1 day-1, respectively. These levels are below acceptable levels suggested by international organizations. Chewing khat showed lower non-cancer health risk, but showed relatively higher cancer risk in terms of OCPs. Because khat is chewed without being subjected to any treatment, uncertainties associated with estimated intakes and health risks should be low. Therefore, this practice is of great concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desta Woldetsadik
- Department of Soil and Water Resources Management, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Marcel Pierre Simon
- Department of Soil Science and Soil Conservation, Research Centre for BioSystems, Land Use and Nutrition (iFZ), Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Dennis Knuth
- Department of Soil Science and Soil Conservation, Research Centre for BioSystems, Land Use and Nutrition (iFZ), Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Hillette Hailu
- Department of Soil and Water Resources Management, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Araya Gebresilassie
- Department of Zoological Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Asmare Dejen
- Department of Plant Science, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Rolf-Alexander Düring
- Department of Soil Science and Soil Conservation, Research Centre for BioSystems, Land Use and Nutrition (iFZ), Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
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24
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Taufeeq A, Baqar M, Sharif F, Mumtaz M, Ullah S, Aslam S, Qadir A, Majid M, Jun H. Assessment of organochlorine pesticides and health risk in tobacco farming associated with River Barandu of Pakistan. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:38774-38791. [PMID: 33742378 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13142-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Diffuse pesticide pollution through tobacco fields is a serious threat to both natural integrities and living beings because tobacco is known as a pesticide-intensive crop. Upsurge in the knowledge of detrimental impacts caused by organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) has made them a burning issue particularly in developing countries. Pakistan is a country famous for its agro-based economy and simultaneously is the second most significant pesticide consumer in South Asian countries. The studied area is tobacco hub of the country. Thus, the present work is aimed to investigate the contamination profile that highlights the ecological and health risk posed by OCPs in River Barandu, located in the proximity of tobacco farming region. ΣOCP levels in sediments ranged between 32.918 and 98.810 ng/g and in water between 0.340 and 0.935 μg/L. Hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs) and heptachlor were the most prevailing pesticides in both matrices of the river. Isomeric composition of DDTs and HCHs highlighted that the β-HCH and p,p'-DDT were dominant isomers in water, while α-HCH and p,p'-DDT in sediment compartment. Enantiomeric compositions of HCH and DDT indicate both recent and historic uses of these compounds in the area. Indirect contamination through nearby tobacco clusters has been depicted through spatial analysis. Ecological risk assessment based upon the risk quotient (RQ) method revealed that α-endosulfan, dieldrin, heptachlor, and ∑HCHs represent a very high level of ecological risks. The OCPs' lifetime carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic health risks associated with dermal exposure to river's water were considered nominal for surrounding populations. However, detailed ecological and health risk studies are recommended considering the bio-accumulating nature of these contaminants in the food chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ammara Taufeeq
- Sustainable Development Study Centre, Government College University, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Mujtaba Baqar
- Sustainable Development Study Centre, Government College University, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan.
| | - Faiza Sharif
- Sustainable Development Study Centre, Government College University, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan.
| | - Mehvish Mumtaz
- College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Sami Ullah
- Sustainable Development Study Centre, Government College University, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Sadia Aslam
- Allama Iqbal Medical College, Jinnah Hospital, Lahore, 54550, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Qadir
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Muzaffar Majid
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Huang Jun
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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25
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Tian L, Li J, Zhao S, Tang J, Li J, Guo H, Liu X, Zhong G, Xu Y, Lin T, Lyv X, Chen D, Li K, Shen J, Zhang G. DDT, Chlordane, and Hexachlorobenzene in the Air of the Pearl River Delta Revisited: A Tale of Source, History, and Monsoon. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:9740-9749. [PMID: 34213322 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c01045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Although organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) have been banned for more than three decades, their concentrations have only decreased gradually. This may be largely attributable to their environmental persistence, illegal application, and exemption usage. This study assessed the historic and current regional context for dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), chlordane, and hexachlorobenzene (HCB), which were added to the Stockholm Convention in 2001. An air sampling campaign was carried out in 2018 in nine cities of the Pearl River Delta (PRD), where the historical OCP application was the most intensive in China. Different seasonalities were observed: DDT exhibited higher concentrations in summer than in winter; chlordane showed less seasonal variation, whereas HCB was higher in winter. The unique coupling of summer monsoon with DDT-infused paint usage, winter monsoon with HCB-combustion emission, and local chlordane emission jointly presents a dynamic picture of these OCPs in the PRD air. We used the BETR Global model to back-calculate annual local emissions, which accounted for insignificant contributions to the nationally documented production (<1‰). Local emissions were the main sources of p,p'-DDT and chlordane, while ocean sources were limited (<4%). This study shows that geographic-anthropogenic factors, including source, history, and air circulation pattern, combine to affect the regional fate of OCP compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lele Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Shizhen Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Jiao Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Hai Guo
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Xin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Guangcai Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yue Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550002, China
| | - Tian Lin
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Xiaopu Lyv
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Duohong Chen
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Regional Air Quality Monitoring, Guangdong Environmental Monitoring Center, Guangzhou 510308, China
| | - Kechang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Jin Shen
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Regional Air Quality Monitoring, Guangdong Environmental Monitoring Center, Guangzhou 510308, China
| | - Gan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou 510640, China
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26
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Zhang R, Li P, Zhang R, Shi X, Li Y, Zhang Q, Wang W. Computational study on the detoxifying mechanism of DDT metabolized by cytochrome P450 enzymes. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 414:125457. [PMID: 33652222 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Predicting the detoxifying mechanism and potential toxic derivatives of xenobiotic substances is significant for risk assessment. The present study delineated the detoxifying mechanism of 1-chloro-4-[2,2,2-trichloro-1-(4-chlorophenyl)ethyl]benzene (DDT) metabolized by human P450 enzymes using a combination of molecular dynamic (MD), quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) and density functional theory (DFT). This study highlights that DDT can be metabolized by P450 enzymes through the hydrogen abstraction and electrophilic addition mechanism, and the main derivatives are epoxides (2,3-oxide-DDT and 3,4-oxide-DDT), DDE and dicofol. The epoxides are unstable and the C-O bond cleavage easily occurs by the reaction with hydronium ion or hydroxyl radicals, yielding endocrine disruptor hydroxylated DDT. The eco-toxicity evaluation indicates that the derivatives of DDT are less toxic than DDT, and the solubility increase of the derivatives can accelerate their excretion from the body. The study can provide an understanding of the biotransformation of DDT by the P450 enzymes in human livers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiming Zhang
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China
| | - Pengfei Li
- Shandong Academy for Environmental Planning, Jinan 250014, PR China
| | - Ruiying Zhang
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China
| | - Xiangli Shi
- College of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, PR China
| | - Yanwei Li
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China
| | - Qingzhu Zhang
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China.
| | - Wenxing Wang
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China
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Wong F, Hung H, Dryfhout-Clark H, Aas W, Bohlin-Nizzetto P, Breivik K, Mastromonaco MN, Lundén EB, Ólafsdóttir K, Sigurðsson Á, Vorkamp K, Bossi R, Skov H, Hakola H, Barresi E, Sverko E, Fellin P, Li H, Vlasenko A, Zapevalov M, Samsonov D, Wilson S. Time trends of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and Chemicals of Emerging Arctic Concern (CEAC) in Arctic air from 25 years of monitoring. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 775:145109. [PMID: 33631575 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The long-term time trends of atmospheric pollutants at eight Arctic monitoring stations are reported. The work was conducted under the Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme (AMAP) of the Arctic Council. The monitoring stations were: Alert, Canada; Zeppelin, Svalbard; Stórhöfði, Iceland; Pallas, Finland; Andøya, Norway; Villum Research Station, Greenland; Tiksi and Amderma, Russia. Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) such as α- and γ-hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), α-endosulfan, chlordane, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) showed declining trends in air at all stations. However, hexachlorobenzene (HCB), one of the initial twelve POPs listed in the Stockholm Convention in 2004, showed either increasing or non-changing trends at the stations. Many POPs demonstrated seasonality but the patterns were not consistent among the chemicals and stations. Some chemicals showed winter minimum and summer maximum concentrations at one station but not another, and vice versa. The ratios of chlordane isomers and DDT species showed that they were aged residues. Time trends of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) were showing decreasing concentrations at Alert, Zeppelin and Andøya. The Chemicals of Emerging Arctic Concern (CEAC) were either showing stable or increasing trends. These include methoxychlor, perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS), 6:2 fluorotelomer alcohol, and C9-C11 perfluorocarboxylic acids (PFCAs). We have demonstrated the importance of monitoring CEAC before they are being regulated because model calculations to predict their transport mechanisms and fate cannot be made due to the lack of emission inventories. We should maintain long-term monitoring programmes with consistent data quality in order to evaluate the effectiveness of chemical control efforts taken by countries worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona Wong
- Air Quality Processes Research Section, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 4905 Dufferin St., Toronto, ON M3H 5T4, Canada
| | - Hayley Hung
- Air Quality Processes Research Section, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 4905 Dufferin St., Toronto, ON M3H 5T4, Canada.
| | - Helena Dryfhout-Clark
- Air Quality Processes Research Section, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 4905 Dufferin St., Toronto, ON M3H 5T4, Canada
| | - Wenche Aas
- NILU, Norwegian Institute for Air Research, P.O. Box 100, NO-2027 Kjeller, Norway
| | | | - Knut Breivik
- NILU, Norwegian Institute for Air Research, P.O. Box 100, NO-2027 Kjeller, Norway
| | | | - Eva Brorström Lundén
- IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute, P.O. Box 47086, Göteborg 40 258, Sweden
| | - Kristín Ólafsdóttir
- University of Iceland, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hagi, Hofsvallagata 53, 107 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Árni Sigurðsson
- Icelandic Meteorological Office, Bustadavegur 7-9, 105 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Katrin Vorkamp
- Department of Environmental Science, Arctic Research Center, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Rossana Bossi
- Department of Environmental Science, Arctic Research Center, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Henrik Skov
- Department of Environmental Science, Arctic Research Center, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Hannele Hakola
- Finnish Meteorological Institute, P.O. Box 503, FI-00101 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Enzo Barresi
- National Laboratory for Environmental Testing, National Water Research Institute, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada
| | - Ed Sverko
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Phil Fellin
- Airzone One Ltd., 222, Matheson Blvd. E., Mississauga, ON L4Z 1X1, Canada
| | - Henrik Li
- Airzone One Ltd., 222, Matheson Blvd. E., Mississauga, ON L4Z 1X1, Canada
| | - Alexander Vlasenko
- Airzone One Ltd., 222, Matheson Blvd. E., Mississauga, ON L4Z 1X1, Canada
| | - Mikhail Zapevalov
- IPEM RPA "Typhoon", Obninsk, Kaluga reg, Pobeda str, 4, Russian Federation
| | - Dmitry Samsonov
- IPEM RPA "Typhoon", Obninsk, Kaluga reg, Pobeda str, 4, Russian Federation
| | - Simon Wilson
- Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme Secretariat, The Fram Centre, Box 6606, Langnes, 9296 Tromsø, Norway
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Cao F, Li Z, He Q, Lu S, Qin P, Li L. Occurrence, spatial distribution, source, and ecological risk assessment of organochlorine pesticides in Dongting Lake, China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:30841-30857. [PMID: 33594570 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-12743-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence, distribution, sources, and ecological risks of organochlorine pesticides in Dongting Lake of China were investigated. The average concentrations of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in 22 surface water samples and 14 sediment samples were 90.07 ng/L and 80.65 ng/g dw, respectively. Sixteen types of OCPs, dominated by HCHs, DDTs and heptachlor, were detected in the Dongting Lake. The relationships of OCP residues between Dongting Lake and its tributary rivers have been discussed and the hydraulic connections with the Yangtze River and the Three Gorges Dam (TGD) were also considered. Results showed that the shortage of runoff, earlier dry season, and reduction of sediment deposition extremely deteriorated the hydraulic conditions, magnified the water cycle, and restrained the self-purification of OCPs. The ∑OCPs in surface water were concentrated in the inlets of Yangtze River, Lishui River, Zishui River, Yuanshui River, and Xiangjiang River. Moreover, the ∑OCPs in the outlet of the Yangtze River also maintained a high level, indicating that OCPs posed adverse effects on the Yangtze River. Risk assessments of OCPs in the surface water of Dongting Lake were estimated according to available water quality guidelines and health risk assessment models. The results indicated that OCPs in the surface water of Dongting Lake were safe for aquatic organisms and human health. In addition, sediment quality guidelines (SQGs) were also applied to evaluate the potential ecotoxicological risks of OCPs in sediments. The results presented that contaminants of γ-HCH; o,p'-DDD; and dieldrin in sediment had adverse effects on benthic organisms, indicating that fundamental solutions should be proposed to control OCP contamination in Dongting Lake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengmei Cao
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Zhaozhao Li
- Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Environmental Protection, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Qi He
- National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Dayangfang Beiyuan Road, 8#, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Shaoyong Lu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Dayangfang Beiyuan Road, 8#, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100012, China.
| | - Pan Qin
- National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Dayangfang Beiyuan Road, 8#, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Linlin Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Dayangfang Beiyuan Road, 8#, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100012, China
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Ding Q, Gong X, Jin M, Yao X, Zhang L, Zhao Z. The biological pump effects of phytoplankton on the occurrence and benthic bioaccumulation of hydrophobic organic contaminants (HOCs) in a hypereutrophic lake. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 213:112017. [PMID: 33582414 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The distribution of hydrophobic organic contaminants (HOCs) in eutrophic ecosystems has been widely studied, but how phytoplankton blooms affect their occurrence and benthic bioaccumulation is poorly understood. To fill this knowledge gap, the biological pump effects of phytoplankton on the fate of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in sediments and benthos (Corbicula fluminea) from Lake Taihu, a hypereutrophic lake in China, were identified. The spatial-temporal distribution of HOCs suggests that higher phytoplankton biomass, coupled with sediment organic matter (SOM) content, greatly increased the concentration of HOCs in sediments in both winter and summer seasons. This could be attributed to the biological pump effects sequestering more HOCs from water to sediments with settling phytoplankton, especially during the summer. The biological pump effects further promoted the uptake of sediment-bound HOCs by benthos. The significant positive relationships between concentrations of HOCs in sediments and benthos were observed during the winter dormancy phase of benthos. Furthermore, the benthic bioaccumulation of HOCs could be strengthened by phytoplankton, due to their contribution to SOM and the following increased bioavailability of HOCs in sediments. Further research is needed to elucidate the phytoplankton biological pump effects on the fate of HOCs in benthic food chain, especially for hypereutrophic waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiqi Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Xionghu Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Miao Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, PR China
| | - Xiaolong Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, PR China
| | - Lu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, PR China
| | - Zhonghua Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, PR China.
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Amusa C, Rothman J, Odongo S, Matovu H, Ssebugere P, Baranga D, Sillanpää M. The endangered African Great Ape: Pesticide residues in soil and plants consumed by Mountain Gorillas (Gorilla beringei) in Bwindi Impenetrable National Park, East Africa. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 758:143692. [PMID: 33272601 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Bwindi Impenetrable National Park situated southwest of Uganda is a biodiversity hotspot that is home to about half of the world's endangered mountain gorilla (Gorilla beringei). Given its ecological significance and mounting pressures from agricultural activities such as tea growing, continuous monitoring of the levels of chemical toxins like pesticides in the park and surrounding areas is needed for effective conservation strategies. Furthermore, persistent organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) like DDT were used in agricultural gardens and indoor spraying in Kanungu district between the 1950s and 80s. The focus of this study was to explore the possible exposure of mountain gorillas to OCPs and cypermethrin used by the farmers in the areas near the park. Data from our interviews revealed that glyphosate is the most widely used pesticide by the farmers in areas surrounding the park, followed by cypermethrin, and mancozeb. Samples of leaves from plants consumed by mountain gorillas along the forest edges of the park and surficial soils (15-20 cm depths) were collected from three sites (Ruhija, Nkuringo and Buhoma) and analysed for the presence of cypermethrin and OCPs residues. Concentrations of total (∑) DDTs and ∑endosulfans were up to 0.34 and 9.89 mg/kg dry weight (d.w), respectively in soil samples. Concentrations of ∑DDTs and ∑endosulfans in samples of leaves ranged from 0.67 to 1.38 mg/kg d.w (mean = 1.07 mg/kg d.w) and 0.9 to 2.71 mg/kg d.w (mean = 1.68 mg/kg d.w), respectively. Mean concentration of ∑DDTs in leaves exceeded the European pharmacopeia and United States pharmacopeia recommended maximum residue limit values for DDTs in medicinal plants (1.0 mg/kg). In addition, calculated hazard indices for silverbacks (36.35), females (57.54) and juveniles (77.04) suggested potential health risks to the mountain gorillas. o,p'-DDT/p,p'-DDT ratios (0.5-0.63) in samples of leaves confirmed recent input of dicofol-DDT type in Bwindi rainforest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chemonges Amusa
- Department of Chemistry, Makerere University, P. O Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda; Uganda Wildlife Authority and Primate Conservation, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Jessica Rothman
- Department of Anthropology, and New York Consortium in Evolutionary Primatology, Hunter College of the City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Silver Odongo
- Department of Chemistry, Makerere University, P. O Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Henry Matovu
- Department of Chemistry, Makerere University, P. O Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda; Department of Chemistry, Gulu University, P. O Box 166, Gulu, Uganda
| | - Patrick Ssebugere
- Department of Chemistry, Makerere University, P. O Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda.
| | - Deborah Baranga
- Department of Zoology, Makerere University, P. O Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Mika Sillanpää
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Viet Nam; Faculty of Environment and Chemical Engineering, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Viet Nam; Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Mining, Metallurgy and Chemical Engineering, University of Johannesburg, P. O. Box 17011, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa
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31
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Xu HJ, Bai J, Li W, Murrell JC, Zhang Y, Wang J, Luo C, Li Y. Mechanisms of the enhanced DDT removal from soils by earthworms: Identification of DDT degraders in drilosphere and non-drilosphere matrices. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 404:124006. [PMID: 33068995 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The remediation of soil contaminated by 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethane (DDT) remains an important issue in environmental research. Although our previous studies demonstrated that earthworms could enhance the degradation of DDT in soils, the underlying mechanisms and microorganisms involved in these transformation processes are still not clear. Here we studied the transformation of DDT in sterilized/non-sterilized drilosphere and non-drilosphere matrices and identified DDT degraders using the technique of DNA-stable isotope probing. The results show that DDT degradation in non-sterilized drilosphere was quicker than that in their non-drilosphere counterparts. Earthworms enhance DDT removal mainly by improving soil properties, thus stimulating indigenous microorganisms rather than abiotic degradation or tissue accumulating. Ten new genera, including Streptomyces, Streptacidiphilus, Dermacoccus, Brevibacterium, Bacillus, Virgibacillus, were identified as DDT ring cleavage degrading bacteria in the five matrices tested. Bacillus and Dermacoccus may also play vital roles in the dechlorination of DDTs as they were highly enriched during the incubations. The results of this study provide robust evidence for the application of earthworms in remediating soils polluted with DDT and highlight the importance of using combinations of cultivation-independent techniques together with process-based measurements to examine the function of microbes degrading organic pollutants in drilosphere matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Juan Xu
- Joint Institute for Environmental Research & Education, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jing Bai
- Joint Institute for Environmental Research & Education, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Hunan University of Humanities, Science and Technology, Loudi 417000, China
| | - Wenyan Li
- Joint Institute for Environmental Research & Education, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - J Colin Murrell
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Yulong Zhang
- Joint Institute for Environmental Research & Education, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jinjin Wang
- Joint Institute for Environmental Research & Education, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Chunling Luo
- Joint Institute for Environmental Research & Education, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yongtao Li
- Joint Institute for Environmental Research & Education, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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32
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Li H, Jiang W, Pan Y, Li F, Wang C, Tian H. Occurrence and partition of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in water, sediment, and organisms from the eastern sea area of Shandong Peninsula, Yellow Sea, China. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 162:111906. [PMID: 33321305 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
To evaluate the occurrence and partition of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs) and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes (DDTs), water, sediment, and organisms were sampled from the eastern sea area of Shandong Peninsula (Yellow Sea, China) across all four seasons in 2016. There were three OCP hotspots in the sediment, mainly caused by the transportation of lindane and dicofol from adjacent Swan Lake and Guhe River. Waterborne OCP levels were highest in winter and lowest in spring, without vertical variability, suggesting that the Yellow Sea Cold Water Mass was governing the spatio-temporal distribution of OCPs in seawater. There was substantial accumulation of HCHs and DDTs in organisms via sediment, as indicated by the relatively low fraction of sedimental fugacity, high bio-sediment accumulation factor, and a positive linear correlation between logΣHCHs and trophic level. This is the first study that has focused on the accumulation of OCPs in entire sediment-seawater-organism system involving multi-phyla of species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaxin Li
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, Shandong, China
| | - Weiwei Jiang
- North China Sea Marine Forecasting Center of State Oceanic Administrator, Qingdao 266061, Shandong, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Ecological Environment and Disaster Prevention and Mitigation, Qingdao 266061, Shandong, China
| | - Yulong Pan
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Ecological Environment and Disaster Prevention and Mitigation, Qingdao 266061, Shandong, China; North China Sea Environmental Monitoring Center of State Oceanic Administration, Qingdao 266033, Shandong, China
| | - Fujuan Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Ecological Environment and Disaster Prevention and Mitigation, Qingdao 266061, Shandong, China; North China Sea Environmental Monitoring Center of State Oceanic Administration, Qingdao 266033, Shandong, China
| | - Chunhui Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Ecological Environment and Disaster Prevention and Mitigation, Qingdao 266061, Shandong, China; North China Sea Environmental Monitoring Center of State Oceanic Administration, Qingdao 266033, Shandong, China.
| | - Hua Tian
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, Shandong, China.
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Ma Y, Yun X, Ruan Z, Lu C, Shi Y, Qin Q, Men Z, Zou D, Du X, Xing B, Xie Y. Review of hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) contamination in Chinese soils. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 749:141212. [PMID: 32827819 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Despite a ban on the production and use of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) after 1983, serious OCP pollution still exists in the soil in certain areas of China because OCPs degrade very slowly. Based on a systematic review, we identified 136 relevant papers focusing on soil contamination from hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) in China (published from 2001 to 2019). We compiled scientific data, extracted and analyzed relevant information, and summarized the pollution characteristics of HCH and DDT in Chinese soils found in two land use types: agricultural land and land for construction. Related studies on HCH and DDT in Chinese soils focus on the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region and the Yangtze and Pearl River Deltas, where agricultural soils are predominant. The average concentrations of both HCH and DDT in agricultural soils were generally lower than the risk screening value (100 μg/kg) in most provinces in China, except for DDT concentrations in the Inner Mongolia autonomous region. However, in certain central and eastern regions, mean or maximum recorded DDT concentrations approaching or exceeding 100 μg/kg were recorded. Regarding land for construction, soils with excessive concentrations of HCH and DDT were primarily observed at sites of operational or defunct pesticide factories. According to isomer and metabolite compositions, HCH and DDT at most sites originated from historical residues, but others may have been new inputs after 1983. Since 2015, the concentrations of HCH and DDT in agricultural soils in China have been decreasing, and those in the soils of land for construction (except for sites of operational or defunct pesticide factories) have not exceeded the standard after 2005. This indicates that the measures to prohibit the production and use of OCPs in China have been effective. However, the management of operational or defunct pesticide factories polluted by OCPs requires further improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Ma
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaotong Yun
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziyuan Ruan
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaojun Lu
- Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Shi
- Technical Centre for Soil, Agriculture and Rural Ecology and Environment, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing 100012, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qiang Qin
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuming Men
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China
| | - Dezhi Zou
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoming Du
- Technical Centre for Soil, Agriculture and Rural Ecology and Environment, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing 100012, People's Republic of China
| | - Baoshan Xing
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Yunfeng Xie
- Technical Centre for Soil, Agriculture and Rural Ecology and Environment, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing 100012, People's Republic of China.
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Sotão Neto BMT, Combi T, Taniguchi S, Albergaria-Barbosa ACR, Ramos RB, Figueira RCL, Montone RC. Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and personal care products (PCPs) in the surface sediments of a large tropical bay (Todos os Santos Bay, Brazil). MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2020; 161:111818. [PMID: 33160119 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence and spatial distribution of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and personal care products (PCPs) were investigated in surface sediments of Todos os Santos Bay. Samples were Soxhlet-extracted and analyzed by gas chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. Quantification limits (QL) ranged from 0.0025 ng g-1 for POPs to 0.25 ng g-1 for PCPs. Of the POPs studied, only PCBs and DDTs were detectable, with concentrations ranging from <QL to 4.66 ng g-1, with increased concentrations near urban and industrial areas. PCPs ranged from <QL to 27.5 ng g-1 and presented a homogeneous spatial distribution, probably related to the continuous inputs of these compounds from diffuse sources. Mean contaminant inventories ranged from 0.33 ± 0.23 ng cm-2 for DDTs to 8.3 ± 8.4 ng cm-2 for fragrances. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study on the occurrence of UV filters in sediments from Brazilian coastal environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basílio M T Sotão Neto
- Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-120 Praça do Oceanográfico, 191 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Tatiane Combi
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Instituto de Geociências, Departamento de Oceanografia, Rua Barão de Jeremoabo, 40170-020 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.
| | - Satie Taniguchi
- Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-120 Praça do Oceanográfico, 191 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana C R Albergaria-Barbosa
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Instituto de Geociências, Departamento de Oceanografia, Rua Barão de Jeremoabo, 40170-020 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Raissa B Ramos
- Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-120 Praça do Oceanográfico, 191 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Rubens Cesar Lopes Figueira
- Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-120 Praça do Oceanográfico, 191 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Rosalinda C Montone
- Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-120 Praça do Oceanográfico, 191 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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35
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Li Y, Lohmann R, Zou X, Wang C, Zhang L. Air-water exchange and distribution pattern of organochlorine pesticides in the atmosphere and surface water of the open Pacific ocean. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 265:114956. [PMID: 32806399 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Surface seawater and lower atmosphere gas samples were collected simultaneously between 18°N and 40°S in the open Pacific Ocean in 2006-2007. Samples were analyzed for organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) to assess their distribution patterns, the role of ocean in the long-range transport (LRT), and the air-water exchange directions in the open Pacific Ocean. Such open ocean studies can yield useful information such as establishing temporal and spatial trends and assessing primary vs secondary emissions of legacy OCPs. Target compounds included hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs), dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes (DDTs) and its derivatives, and chlordane compounds. Concentrations for α-HCH, γ-HCH, trans-chlordane (TC), and cis-chlordane (CC) were higher in the Northern Hemisphere (NH) than the Southern Hemisphere (SH) in both gaseous and dissolved phases, while the distribution patterns of DDTs and heptachlor exo-epoxide (HEPX) showed a reversed pattern. In the N Pacific, concentrations of α-HCH and γ-HCH in the present work were lower by 63 and 16 times than those observed in 1989-1990. The distribution patterns of DDT suggested there was usage in the SH around 2006. Calculated fugacity ratios suggested that γ-HCH was volatilizing from surface water to the atmosphere, and the air-water exchange fluxes were 0.3-11.1 ng m-2 day-1. This is the first field study that reported the open Pacific Ocean has become the secondary source for γ-HCH and implied that ocean could affect LRT of OCPs by supplying these compounds via air-sea exchange.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yali Li
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sun University, Zhuhai, 519082, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Coastal and Island Development, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhuhai, 519080, China; Department of Physical and Environmental Science, Texas A&M University Corpus Christi, 78412, USA
| | - Rainer Lohmann
- Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island, Narragansett, RI, 02882, USA
| | - Xinqing Zou
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Coastal and Island Development, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Chenglong Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Coastal and Island Development, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Physical and Environmental Science, Texas A&M University Corpus Christi, 78412, USA.
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Wu Z, Lin T, Hu L, Guo T, Guo Z. Atmospheric legacy organochlorine pesticides and their recent exchange dynamics in the Northwest Pacific Ocean. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 727:138408. [PMID: 32335448 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence and air-sea gas exchange of hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs), dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes (DDTs), and chlordanes were determined in the Northwest Pacific Ocean (NWP) in spring to elucidate their current pollution status and fate. ΣHCHs, ΣDDTs, and Σchlordanes in air (sum of gaseous and aerosol phase) ranged from 9.37 to 102, from 1.73 to 12.8, and from 0.24 to 14.9 pg/m3, respectively, with their dissolved levels being 30.7-518, 7.10-80.5, and 0.25-7.10 pg/L, respectively. HCHs, DDTs, and chlordanes cause substantial contamination of the air and seawater of the East China Sea (ECS), indicating significant OCP inputs from China. Isomer ratios of HCHs and DDTs provided a fingerprint of East Asian emissions of legacy OCPs, with the pollution profiles of HCHs and DDTs dominated by lindane and combined dicofol-type and weathered technical DDTs, respectively. The former result is consistent with the apparent decline in air α-HCH levels over the ECS. Different from still net deposition of gaseous α- and γ-HCH in the NWP, outgassing of trans-chlordane, cis-chlordane, and DDTs other than dicofol-sourced o,p'-DDT was indicated. This observation attributes to intensive historical usage of technical HCHs and the prevalence of lindane pollution in East Asia, and demonstrates the transitioning role of seawater as a source for residual OCPs in the East Asia-NWP region. Significant subcooled liquid vapor pressure-based relationships for legacy OCPs were identified mainly in marine air masses; these were different from land-sourced polybrominated diphenyl ethers, and suggested a heterogeneous role of ocean- and land-based sources in atmospheric partitioning of these pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zilan Wu
- College of Resources and Environment, Shanxi University of Finance and Economics, Taiyuan 030006, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Tian Lin
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
| | - Limin Hu
- Laboratory for Marine Geology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266061, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Sedimentology and Environmental Geology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China
| | - Tianfeng Guo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Zhigang Guo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
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Zheng Q, Li J, Wang Y, Lin T, Xu Y, Zhong G, Bing H, Luo C, Zhang G. Levels and enantiomeric signatures of organochlorine pesticides in Chinese forest soils: Implications for sources and environmental behavior. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 262:114139. [PMID: 32120253 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the levels and distributions of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in 159 background soil samples collected from 30 forested mountain sites across China. The sum of DDT was the most abundant OCP, with the concentrations of 0.197-207 ng/g and 0.033-122 ng/g in the O-horizon and A-horizon, respectively. High concentrations of OCPs usually occur near agricultural regions or high consumption areas. The spatial distribution was mainly influenced by the emission sources and soil total organic contents (TOC). The chiral compounds were generally nonracemic in the soils and showed preferential degradation of (-) o,p'- dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane, (+) trans-chlordane, and (-) cis-chlordane in both the O- and A-horizons. The enantiomeric fraction (EF) distributions of chiral OCPs displayed no differences across the forest sites in the O-horizon or the A-horizon. Comparing the deviation of EFs from racemic (DEVrac = absolute value of 0.500 - EF) with environmental parameters, we found that DEVrac of cis-chlordane demonstrated a strong positive correlation with TOC (p < 0.05) and the C/N ratio (p < 0.01). This relationship suggests that these factors could affect the microbial activity and significantly impact the extent of enantioselective degradation of chiral compounds in the soils. Fresh and historical applications of DDT and historical chlordane and endosulfan uses may be prominent sources of OCP accumulation in Chinese forest soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zheng
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Tian Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550002, China
| | - Yue Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550002, China
| | - Guangcai Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
| | - Haijian Bing
- The Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Chunling Luo
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Gan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
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Ribeiro C, Gonçalves R, Tiritan M. Separation of Enantiomers Using Gas Chromatography: Application in Forensic Toxicology, Food and Environmental Analysis. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2020; 51:787-811. [DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2020.1777522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cláudia Ribeiro
- CESPU, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde, Gandra, PRD, Portugal
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR/CIMAR), Universidade do Porto, Edifício do Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Gonçalves
- CESPU, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde, Gandra, PRD, Portugal
| | - M.E. Tiritan
- CESPU, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde, Gandra, PRD, Portugal
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR/CIMAR), Universidade do Porto, Edifício do Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Matosinhos, Portugal
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, Porto, Portugal
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Sanganyado E, Lu Z, Liu W. Application of enantiomeric fractions in environmental forensics: Uncertainties and inconsistencies. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 184:109354. [PMID: 32182482 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The assumption that only biological processes are enantioselective introduces challenges in the reliability of enantioselective analysis as a tool for discriminating biotic and abiotic processes in the environmental fate of chiral pollutants. Enantioselectivity does not depend on the nature of the fate process a chiral contaminant undergoes but on the interaction of the chiral contaminant with homochirality inducing external agents (e.g. chiral molecules, macromolecules or surfaces such as enzymes, blood plasma, proteins, chiral co-pollutants, humic acid and soil organominerals). The environmental behavior of a chiral contaminant is difficult to anticipate because the interactions between the chiral contaminants and the homochirality inducing external agents is often complex and strongly influenced by local environment conditions such as pH, redox conditions, organic carbon, organic nitrogen, humic acid, and redox conditions. Furthermore, the use of enantioselective analysis in environmental forensics depend on the adequate separation and accurate identification and quantification of the enantiomers of the chiral contaminant. Matrix effects, instrument effects, inadequate enantioselective separation, and poor quantification techniques introduce uncertainties in the determination of enantiomeric composition. Here we present the weaknesses of this assumption and recommend using enantiomeric fractions as chemical markers of biotransformation with caution. We recommend using stable isotopes, including abiotic controls to determine if enantioselective sorption occurs, and determining stability of enantiomers in solvent or at elevated temperatures to account for confounding factors arising from matrix effects, enantioselective abiotic processes, and enantiomerization due solvent and thermal lability of the chiral analyte, respectively to maintain the integrity of the utility of enantiomeric composition changes as an environmental forensics tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edmond Sanganyado
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, 515063, China
| | - Zhijiang Lu
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Wenhua Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, 515063, China.
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40
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Villalba A, Maggi M, Ondarza PM, Szawarski N, Miglioranza KSB. Influence of land use on chlorpyrifos and persistent organic pollutant levels in honey bees, bee bread and honey: Beehive exposure assessment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 713:136554. [PMID: 31955084 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.136554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This work reports the spatial and temporal variations on the dynamics of OCPs, PCBs, PBDEs and chlorpyrifos in honey bee, bee bread and honey samples, as well as soil and flowers from the surrounding areas, considering, different land uses. Honey bee samples showed the highest pollutant levels, with a predominance of the industrial contaminants over pesticides. Chlorpyrifos showed the highest concentration during the application period in almost all samples from the soybean field (S2), in concordance with its current use. By other hand, the recalcitrant compounds such as, DDTs, BDE #47 and also light PCBs exhibited the highest levels in beehive samples from the field adjacent to urban disposal waste (S3). In both soils and flower samples a prevalence of obsolete compounds over chlorpyrifos was observed, and the 6-CB predominated among the homologous groups of PCBs These results highlights the importance of soils as sink of these persistent contaminants, which became available depending on environmental conditions. Results revealed that the land uses and seasonal variations have directly impacted on the levels of agrochemicals, PCBs and PBDEs found in the beehive matrixes. This survey provides novel evidence about the current situation of pollution on honey bee colonies under temperate climates and contributes to the knowledge of this poor studied topic in Argentina.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Villalba
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología y Contaminación Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), FECYN, UNMDP-CONICET, Funes 3350, 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina; Centro de Investigación en Abejas Sociales (CIAS), Laboratorio de Artrópodos - Grupo Acarología y Entomología, Instituto de Investigación en Sanidad, Producción y Ambiente (IIPROSAM), CIC-UNMdP, FECYN, UNMDP, Funes 3350, 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - M Maggi
- Centro de Investigación en Abejas Sociales (CIAS), Laboratorio de Artrópodos - Grupo Acarología y Entomología, Instituto de Investigación en Sanidad, Producción y Ambiente (IIPROSAM), CIC-UNMdP, FECYN, UNMDP, Funes 3350, 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - P M Ondarza
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología y Contaminación Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), FECYN, UNMDP-CONICET, Funes 3350, 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - N Szawarski
- Centro de Investigación en Abejas Sociales (CIAS), Laboratorio de Artrópodos - Grupo Acarología y Entomología, Instituto de Investigación en Sanidad, Producción y Ambiente (IIPROSAM), CIC-UNMdP, FECYN, UNMDP, Funes 3350, 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - K S B Miglioranza
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología y Contaminación Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), FECYN, UNMDP-CONICET, Funes 3350, 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina.
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Md Meftaul I, Venkateswarlu K, Dharmarajan R, Annamalai P, Megharaj M. Pesticides in the urban environment: A potential threat that knocks at the door. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 711:134612. [PMID: 31810707 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides play a pivotal role in controlling pests and disease infestations not only in urban agriculture but also in non-agricultural settings. Several pesticides like herbicides, insecticides, fungicides, rodenticides, etc. are applied unintentionally at higher concentrations even in small urban areas such as lawns, gardens and impermeable surfaces. Consequent to their indiscriminate use, both extensively and intensively, in the urban areas, contamination of pesticides poses a serious threat to the environment, living organisms and food safety. Although the fate and ecological effects of pesticides and their residues have been thoroughly understood in agricultural soils, information available in the literature on the impact of these contaminants in the urban environment is very limited and fragmentary. In fact, the fate and behaviour of pesticide residues in the urban environment are distinct from those in other ecosystems since the soils in urban areas greatly vary in their physico-chemical properties. Development of sustainable and eco-friendly approaches for remediation of even urban soils contaminated with pesticides is therefore greatly warranted. Thus, the present critical review is the first single source that provides updated knowledge on the sources, nature and extent of pesticide pollution in the urban environment, and the ecological and human health effects of pesticides and their residues. The potential of nano-encapsulation of pesticides for their application in urban settings has also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Islam Md Meftaul
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), Faculty of Science, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Kadiyala Venkateswarlu
- Formerly Department of Microbiology, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapuramu 515003, India
| | - Rajarathnam Dharmarajan
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), Faculty of Science, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Prasath Annamalai
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), Faculty of Science, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Mallavarapu Megharaj
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), Faculty of Science, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC CARE), The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
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Zhang K, Qian Z, Ruan Y, Hao Y, Dong W, Li K, Mei Z, Wang K, Wu C, Wu J, Zheng J, Lam PKS, Wang D. First evaluation of legacy persistent organic pollutant contamination status of stranded Yangtze finless porpoises along the Yangtze River Basin, China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 710:136446. [PMID: 31923702 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.136446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 12/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Yangtze finless porpoises (Neophocaena asiaeorientalis asiaeorientalis), inhabiting the Yangtze River, are an endangered species in China. They are threatened by various kinds of pollutants, among which persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are of special concern due to their toxicities, high persistency and bioaccumulation potential. To better understand the POP contamination status of Yangtze finless porpoises, an investigation of stranded porpoises along the Yangtze River and adjacent two major lakes in the Yangtze River basin was conducted; the concentrations of four groups of legacy POPs, i.e., hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs), dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes (DDTs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), and polychlorinated biphenyl (PCBs), were determined in the blubber samples. The mean concentrations of ΣHCHs (the sum of all congeners/isomers), ΣDDTs, ΣPBDEs and ΣPCBs, were 1670 ± 4210, 28,800 ± 52,300, 141 ± 174, and 1020 ± 1070 ng/g lipid weight, respectively; the high DDTs/PCBs ratio reflected a strong influence of agricultural pollution in the Yangtze River basin, and the high α/γ ratio of HCH isomers indicated the usage of lindane in the corresponding areas; the predominance of low-brominated congeners of PBDEs may be related to congruent patterns in the related environmental matrices. A hazard quotient risk assessment revealed that DDTs could pose a relatively high risk to Yangtze finless porpoises compared with the risks posed by the other POPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhang
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Zhengyi Qian
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuefei Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yujiang Hao
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Weiwei Dong
- Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, China
| | - Ke Li
- Wuhan Institute for Drug and Medical Device Control, Wuhan 430075, China
| | - Zhigang Mei
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Kexiong Wang
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Chenxi Wu
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Jianhong Wu
- Wuhan Institute for Drug and Medical Device Control, Wuhan 430075, China.
| | - Jinsong Zheng
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China.
| | - Paul K S Lam
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ding Wang
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
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Huang D, Gao L, Qiao L, Cui L, Xu C, Wang K, Zheng M. Concentrations of and risks posed by short-chain and medium-chain chlorinated paraffins in soil at a chemical industrial park on the southeast coast of China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 258:113704. [PMID: 31855677 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The concentrations, spatial distributions, and sources of short-chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs) and medium-chain chlorinated paraffins (MCCPs) in soil at a chemical industrial park were determined. The samples were analyzed by two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled with electron capture-negative ion mass spectrometry. The risks posed by SCCPs and MCCPs to soil biota were assessed. The SCCP and MCCP concentrations were 37.5-995.7 and 15.1-739.6 ng/g dry weight, respectively, and the chlorine contents were 60.5%-63.0% and 56.7%-58.3%, respectively. The CP concentrations in soil were at medium levels relative to concentrations at other areas. The median CP concentration in soil from the sewage treatment plant was higher than the median concentration in road soil, and this was attributed to wastewater being treated centrally. No significant correlations were found between the total organic carbon content and CP concentrations (p > 0.05), so the total organic carbon content did not strongly affect the CP concentrations in the study area. Hierarchical cluster analysis divided the soil samples into three groups. C10Cl6-7, C11Cl7-8, and C14Cl7-9 were the main congeners in most soil samples. Principal component analysis and correlation analysis indicated that the relative abundances of MCCP and SCCP were correlated and that the SCCPs may have been derived from the CP-42 and CP-52 commercial products. A preliminary risk assessment indicated that CPs in soil at the industrial park do not pose clear risks to the environmental organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lirong Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lin Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lili Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Chi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Kunran Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Gómez V, Pozo K, Nuñez D, Přibylová P, Audy O, Baini M, Fossi MC, Klánová J. Marine plastic debris in Central Chile: Characterization and abundance of macroplastics and burden of persistent organic pollutants (POPs). MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2020; 152:110881. [PMID: 32479273 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.110881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we characterized plastic debris (PD) found on beaches from Concepción Bay in central Chile during spring 2017 and summer 2018. The identification of polymers was carried out using FT-IR. Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) were extracted with hexane using an ultrasonic bath and further quantified through GC-MS. The highest abundance of PD was obtained during the summer (4.1 ± 3.7 items/m2), with the most common size range between 2.5 and 10 cm (42%) and the most frequent shape were plastic fragments (44%). FT-IR analysis showed that polypropylene was the most recurrent plastic polymer found. The ∑10PBDEs ranged from 2.1 to 1300 ng/g in spring 2017 and 392 to 3177 ng/g in summer 2018. ∑7PCBs ranged from 0.9 to 93 ng/g during the spring 2017 and 0.3 to 4.5 ng/g for summer 2018. This study is the first with information on POPs occurrence in the plastic debris of central Chile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Gómez
- Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, Via P.A. Mattioli 4, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Karla Pozo
- Facultad de Ingeniería y Tecnología, Universidad San Sebastián, Lientur 1457, Concepción, Chile; RECETOX (Research Center for Toxic Compounds in the Environment), Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Dariela Nuñez
- Centro de investigación de polímeros avanzados (CIPA), Universidad del Bío-Bío, Concepción, Chile
| | - Petra Přibylová
- RECETOX (Research Center for Toxic Compounds in the Environment), Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Audy
- RECETOX (Research Center for Toxic Compounds in the Environment), Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Matteo Baini
- Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, Via P.A. Mattioli 4, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Fossi
- Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, Via P.A. Mattioli 4, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Jana Klánová
- RECETOX (Research Center for Toxic Compounds in the Environment), Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
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Kafaei R, Arfaeinia H, Savari A, Mahmoodi M, Rezaei M, Rayani M, Sorial GA, Fattahi N, Ramavandi B. Organochlorine pesticides contamination in agricultural soils of southern Iran. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 240:124983. [PMID: 31726590 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
There is limited information about pesticide contamination in Iran's agricultural land, particularly in plains producing exportable fruits. The aim of this investigation was to evaluate the concentration of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) including hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH), heptachlor, dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane (DDT), chlordane (CHL), and their isomers compounds in agricultural soils of southern Iran. A total of 28 topsoil samples were collected from agricultural lands of Dalaki and Shabankare areas, Bushehr, Iran. In Dalaki area, the mean value of ΣHCH (α, β, γ, δ), ΣDDT (o,p-DDE, o,p-DDD, o,p-DDT, p,p-DDE, p,p-DDD, p,p-DDT, and DDT), and ΣCHL (Trans-chlordane, Cis-chlordane, Heptachlor-exo-epoxide, and Heptachlor) was found to be 0.411 ng/g (dry weight, dw), 4.37 ng/g dw, and 2.04 ng/g dw, respectively. In Shabankare area the mean value of ΣHCH, ΣDDT, and ΣCHL was measured to be 1.38 ng/g dw, 11.99 ng/g dw, and 1.62 ng/g dw, respectively. The concentration trend of pesticides in both areas was as follows: DDT > CHL > HCH. Source identification indicated recent usage of HCH and DDT in the studied areas. Obtaining a cis-chlordane/trans-chlordane ratio greater than one in Shabankare farmlands showed that chlordane was not used recently. The health risk assessment showed that children and adults groups in both areas are exposed to negligible cancer risk. More serious attempts are necessary to reduce usage of OCPs during the agricultural process and the protection of soil and human health in the studied areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raheleh Kafaei
- Student Research Committee, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Arfaeinia
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health and Nutrition, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran; Systems Environmental Health and Energy Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Arezo Savari
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health and Nutrition, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Marzieh Mahmoodi
- Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Health and Nutrition, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Marzieh Rezaei
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health and Nutrition, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Mohamad Rayani
- The Persian Gulf Research Center for Tropical and Infectious Medicine, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - George A Sorial
- Environmental Engineering Program, Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45221-0012, USA
| | - Nazir Fattahi
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Bahman Ramavandi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health and Nutrition, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran; Systems Environmental Health and Energy Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran.
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Lu Q, Qiu L, Yu L, Zhang S, de Toledo RA, Shim H, Wang S. Microbial transformation of chiral organohalides: Distribution, microorganisms and mechanisms. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2019; 368:849-861. [PMID: 30772625 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.01.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Chiral organohalides including dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), Hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) raise a significant concern in the environmental occurrence, fate and ecotoxicology due to their enantioselective biological effects. This review provides a state-of-the-art overview on enantioselective microbial transformation of the chiral organohalides. We firstly summarized worldwide field assessments of chiral organohalides in a variety of environmental matrices, which suggested the pivotal role of microorganisms in enantioselective transformation of chiral organohalides. Then, laboratory studies provided experimental evidences to further link enantioselective attenuation of chiral organohalides to specific functional microorganisms and enzymes, revealing mechanistic insights into the enantioselective microbial transformation processes. Particularly, a few amino acid residues in the functional enzymes could play a key role in mediating the enantioselectivity at the molecular level. Finally, major challenges and further developments toward an in-depth understanding of the enantioselective microbial transformation of chiral organohalides are identified and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qihong Lu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, 510275 Guangzhou, China; Environmental Microbiome Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, 510275 Guangzhou, China
| | - Lan Qiu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, 510275 Guangzhou, China
| | - Ling Yu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, 510275 Guangzhou, China; Environmental Microbiome Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, 510275 Guangzhou, China
| | - Shangwei Zhang
- UFZ Department of Ecological Chemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Renata Alves de Toledo
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, 999078 Macau SAR, China
| | - Hojae Shim
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, 999078 Macau SAR, China
| | - Shanquan Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, 510275 Guangzhou, China; Environmental Microbiome Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, 510275 Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, 510275 Guangzhou, China.
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Gereslassie T, Workineh A, Atieno OJ, Wang J. Determination of Occurrences, Distribution, Health Impacts of Organochlorine Pesticides in Soils of Central China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16010146. [PMID: 30621114 PMCID: PMC6338902 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16010146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Organochlorine pesticides are groups of chemicals applied to prevent pest and insect infestation. This study was aimed at investigating the concentration, potential sources, cancer risk and ecological toxicity of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in Huangpi district, Wuhan, China. Eight OCPs in soil samples collected from four land-use types at depths of 0–10 and 10–20 cm were examined. Sample extraction was carried out by solid phase matrix extraction method and analyzed using Agilent gas chromatograph 7890B equipped with electron capture detectors (ECD). The total concentration of OCPs ranged from 0.00–32.7 ng g−1 in the surface and 0.01–100.45 ng g−1 in the subsurface soil layer. Beta hexachlorocyclohexanes (β-HCH) with 2.20 and 7.71 ng g−1 in the surface and subsurface soil layers, respectively, was the dominant compound. The mean concentrations of OCPs in all samples were less than the threshold values for hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs) and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDTs) in China soil. Concentration of OCPs in the four land-use types were in the order of: paddy field > barren land > farmland > plastic greenhouse. Results of composition analysis revealed recent application of lindane as a major and historical use of new technical HCHs as a minor source of HCHs. On the other hand, application of new technical p,p’-DDT is the main source of DDTs in the study area. The estimated lifetime average daily dose, incremental lifetime cancer risks and hazard quotient values revealed that there is less likelihood of carcinogenic and noncarcinogenic health risks on the local residents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tekleweini Gereslassie
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China.
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China.
- Department of Pollution Ecology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Ababo Workineh
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China.
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China.
- Department of Pollution Ecology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Onyango Janet Atieno
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China.
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China.
- Department of Pollution Ecology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Jun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China.
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China.
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48
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Bai Y, Ruan X, van der Hoek JP. Residues of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in aquatic environment and risk assessment along Shaying River, China. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2018; 40:2525-2538. [PMID: 29748733 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-018-0117-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) are pesticides with global scale ubiquity, persistence and bioaccumulation, which leave long-term residuals in the water body. OCPs' high toxicity poses significant threats to human health and aquatic biodiversity, making assessment of OCPs' impact on aquatic ecology and human health urgently necessary. In this research, the presence of 16 OCPs in surface water and groundwater along Shaying River, China, as well as OCPs concentration correlations, was investigated at 24 selected sampling sites. At the same time, the ecological risk and human carcinogenic risk were also analyzed by risk quotient method and USEPA's Risk Assessment Guidance, respectively. Results showed that the total concentration of OCPs ranged from 21.0 to 61.4 ng L-1 in groundwater, and 12.3-77.5 ng L-1 in surface water. Hexachlorocyclohexane (HCHs) and heptachlor were the prominent contaminants in groundwater, which indicated their use in the recent past and confirmed their persistence. The α-HCH/γ-HCH ratios in groundwater confirmed that γ-HCH (lindane) was used as main substitute of technical HCH in the study area. The correlation analysis illustrated that δ-HCH and γ-HCH played a dominant role in HCHs residue. Heptachlor and α-HCH, as well as endosulfan and heptachlor epoxide, had a strongly significant positive correlation, suggesting an associated usage of the two pair OCPs. An extremely high ecological risk for aquatic organism was observed for γ-HCH, heptachlor and dieldrin, while the carcinogenic risks posed by the selected OCPs in surface water and groundwater were all acceptable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Bai
- Key Laboratory of Surfacial Geochemistry, Ministry of Education, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Department of Hydrosciences, School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing University, 163# Xianlin Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Xiaohong Ruan
- Key Laboratory of Surfacial Geochemistry, Ministry of Education, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
- Department of Hydrosciences, School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing University, 163# Xianlin Road, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - J P van der Hoek
- Department of Water Management, Delft University of Technology, Stevinweg1, 2628CN, Delft, The Netherlands
- Strategic Centre, Waternet, Korte Ouderkerkerdijk 7, 1096AC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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49
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Ali U, Riaz R, Sweetman AJ, Jones KC, Li J, Zhang G, Malik RN. Role of black carbon in soil distribution of organochlorines in Lesser Himalayan Region of Pakistan. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 236:971-982. [PMID: 29153728 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.10.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2017] [Revised: 10/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Black carbon and total organic carbon (TOC) along with organochlorines (OCs) were analyzed in soils from four sampling zones of Lesser Himalayan Region based on source proximity/anthropogenic influences along the altitude. CTO-375 method was used for BC analysis while OCs were analyzed by GC-MS/MS system. BC and TOC ranged between 0.16-1.77 and 6.8-41.3 mg g-1 while those of OCPs and PCBs ranged between 0.69 and 5.77 and 0.12-2.55 ng g-1, respectively. ∑DDTs were the dominant (87.9%) among OCPs while tri- and tetra- (65.5%) homologue groups among PCBs. Hexa-PCBs, however also showed higher contribution (20.4%) in the region. Source diagnostic ratios of DDE + DDD/DDT (0.1-1.53) indicated both fresh and old input while α-HCH/γ-HCH (0.19-2.49) showed presence of lindane in the region. Higher concentration of OCs were observed in Zone C at altitudinal range of 737-975 masl that are close to the human influences and potential sources of POPs. The results of linear regression analysis revealed potential input of BC in soil distribution of OC concentrations in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usman Ali
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Rahat Riaz
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Andrew James Sweetman
- Centre for Chemicals Management, Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Bailrigg, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - Kevin C Jones
- Centre for Chemicals Management, Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Bailrigg, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Gan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Riffat Naseem Malik
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan.
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50
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Chaza C, Sopheak N, Mariam H, David D, Baghdad O, Moomen B. Assessment of pesticide contamination in Akkar groundwater, northern Lebanon. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:14302-14312. [PMID: 28265872 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-8568-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
According to its high production and value, Akkar is considered as the second agricultural region in Lebanon. Groundwater constitutes the principal source of water in Akkar including drinking water of local inhabitants in Akkar. As such, the contamination of groundwater by organic pollutants can impact directly the population health. In this study, we evaluated the contamination status of groundwater in this region. Three classes of pesticides including 19 organochlorine (OC) pesticides, 8 organophosphorus (OP) pesticides, and 6 organonitrogen (ON) pesticides were monitored in 15 groundwater samples collected from different villages on the Akkar plain. Samples were extracted by using solid phase extraction (SPE) and analyzed by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The results showed high contamination of Akkar groundwater by OCs with levels that can reach 58.9 μg/L. They were detected in the majority of the sample and represent 95-100% of ∑pesticides. Our results showed the recent use of these molecules with an average level of 0.3 and 0.39 μg/L for ∑HCHs and DDTs, respectively. Their concentrations were higher than those observed in the same region in 2014 and other regions elsewhere. OPs were also detected at high levels and among them, methylparathion was the predominant OP detected (44.6 μg/L). For ONs, lower levels were measured in all samples with a mean value of 5.6 μg/L. As a conclusion of this work, groundwater on the plain of Akkar was remarkably contaminated by the studied pesticides; indefinitely, more efforts should be taken to manage the pesticide use in this region, assess, and reduce their effects on human health. In the future, the application of organic farming can be a great solution to the groundwater contamination problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chbib Chaza
- Faculté de santé publique section III, Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Eau et de l'Environnement (L.S.E.E), Université Libanaise, Tripoli, Lebanon
- Equipe Physico-Chimie de l'Environnement, LASIR UMR CNRS 8516, Université de Lille, Bâtiment C8, 59655, Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
| | - Net Sopheak
- Equipe Physico-Chimie de l'Environnement, LASIR UMR CNRS 8516, Université de Lille, Bâtiment C8, 59655, Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France.
| | - Hamzeh Mariam
- Faculté de santé publique section III, Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Eau et de l'Environnement (L.S.E.E), Université Libanaise, Tripoli, Lebanon
| | - Dumoulin David
- Equipe Physico-Chimie de l'Environnement, LASIR UMR CNRS 8516, Université de Lille, Bâtiment C8, 59655, Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
| | - Ouddane Baghdad
- Equipe Physico-Chimie de l'Environnement, LASIR UMR CNRS 8516, Université de Lille, Bâtiment C8, 59655, Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
| | - Baroudi Moomen
- Faculté de santé publique section III, Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Eau et de l'Environnement (L.S.E.E), Université Libanaise, Tripoli, Lebanon
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