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AlSharari SD, Alameen AA, Aldafiri FS, Ali YS, Alshammari MA, Sari Y, Damaj MI. Activation of α7 nicotinic receptors attenuated hyperalgesia and anxiety induced by palatable obesogenic diet withdrawal. J Pharmacol Sci 2024; 156:86-101. [PMID: 39179339 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2024.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/21/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Consumption of palatable food (PF) can alleviate anxiety, and pain in humans. Contrary, spontaneous withdrawal of long-term PF intake produces anxiogenic-like behavior and abnormal pain sensation, causing challenges to weight-loss diet and anti-obesity agents. Thus, we examined α7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (α7nAChR) involvement since it plays essential role in nociception and psychological behaviors. METHODS Adult male C57BL/6 mice were placed on a Standard Chow (SC) alone or with PF on intermittent or continuous regimen for 6 weeks. Then, mice were replaced with normal SC (spontaneous withdrawal). Body weight, food intake, and calories intake with and without the obesogenic diet were measured throughout the study. During PF withdrawal, anxiety-like behaviors and pain sensitivity were measured with PNU-282987 (α7nAChR agonist) administration. RESULTS Six weeks of SC + PF-intermittent and continuous paradigms produced a significant weight gain. PF withdrawal displayed hyperalgesia and anxiety-like behaviors. During withdrawal, PNU-282987 significantly attenuated hyperalgesia and anxiety-like behaviors. CONCLUSION The present study shows that a PF can increase food intake and body weight. Also, enhanced pain sensitivity and anxiety-like behavior were observed during PF withdrawal. α7nAChR activation attenuated anxiolytic-like behavior and hyperalgesia in PF abstinent mice. These data suggest potential therapeutic effects of targeting α7 nAChRs for obesity-withdrawal symptoms in obese subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shakir D AlSharari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Alaa A Alameen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Fawzeyah S Aldafiri
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yousif S Ali
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Musaad A Alshammari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Youssef Sari
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - M I Damaj
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
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Lei L, Zhu T, Cui TJ, Liu Y, Hocher JG, Chen X, Zhang XM, Cai KW, Deng ZY, Wang XH, Tang C, Lin L, Reichetzeder C, Zheng ZH, Hocher B, Lu YP. Renoprotective effects of empagliflozin in high-fat diet-induced obesity-related glomerulopathy by regulation of gut-kidney axis. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2024; 327:C994-C1011. [PMID: 39183639 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00367.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Revised: 08/13/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
The increasing prevalence of obesity-related glomerulopathy (ORG) poses a significant threat to public health. Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors effectively reduce body weight and total fat mass in individuals with obesity and halt the progression of ORG. However, the underlying mechanisms of their reno-protective effects in ORG remain unclear. We established a high-fat diet-induced ORG model using C57BL/6J mice, which were divided into three groups: normal chow diet (NCD group), high-fat diet (HFD) mice treated with placebo (ORG group), and HFD mice treated with empagliflozin (EMPA group). We conducted 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing of feces and analyzed metabolites from kidney, feces, liver, and serum samples. ORG mice showed increased urinary albumin creatinine ratio, cholesterol, triglyceride levels, and glomerular diameter compared with NCD mice (all P < 0.05). EMPA treatment significantly alleviated these parameters (all P < 0.05). Multitissue metabolomics analysis revealed lipid metabolic reprogramming in ORG mice, which was significantly altered by EMPA treatment. MetOrigin analysis showed a close association between EMPA-related lipid metabolic pathways and gut microbiota alterations, characterized by reduced abundances of Firmicutes and Desulfovibrio and increased abundance of Akkermansia (all P < 0.05). The metabolic homeostasis of ORG mice, especially in lipid metabolism, was disrupted and closely associated with gut microbiota alterations, contributing to the progression of ORG. EMPA treatment improved kidney function and morphology by regulating lipid metabolism through the gut-kidney axis, highlighting a novel therapeutic approach for ORG. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Our study uncovered that empagliflozin (EMPA) potentially protects renal function and morphology in obesity-related glomerulopathy (ORG) mice by regulating the gut-kidney axis. EMPA's reno-protective effects in ORG mice are associated with the lipid metabolism, especially in glycerophospholipid metabolism and the pantothenate/CoA synthesis pathways. EMPA's modulation of gut microbiota appears to be pivotal in suppressing glycerol 3-phosphate and CoA synthesis. The insights into gut microbiota-host metabolic interactions offer a novel therapeutic approach for ORG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Lei
- Department of Nephrology, Center of Kidney and Urology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Zhu
- Department of Nephrology, Center of Kidney and Urology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian-Jiao Cui
- Department of Nephrology, Center of Kidney and Urology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Yvonne Liu
- Fifth Department of Medicine (Nephrology/Endocrinology/Rheumatology), University Medical Centre Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
- Medical Faculty of Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Johann-Georg Hocher
- Fifth Department of Medicine (Nephrology/Endocrinology/Rheumatology), University Medical Centre Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Xin Chen
- Fifth Department of Medicine (Nephrology/Endocrinology/Rheumatology), University Medical Centre Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Xue-Mei Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Center of Kidney and Urology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai-Wen Cai
- Department of Nephrology, Center of Kidney and Urology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Zi-Yan Deng
- Department of Nephrology, Center of Kidney and Urology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Hua Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Center of Kidney and Urology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun Tang
- Department of Nephrology, Center of Kidney and Urology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Lian Lin
- Department of Nephrology, Center of Kidney and Urology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Christoph Reichetzeder
- Fifth Department of Medicine (Nephrology/Endocrinology/Rheumatology), University Medical Centre Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Research and Systems Medicine, Health and Medical University, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Zhi-Hua Zheng
- Department of Nephrology, Center of Kidney and Urology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Berthold Hocher
- Fifth Department of Medicine (Nephrology/Endocrinology/Rheumatology), University Medical Centre Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
- Institute of Medical Diagnostics, IMD, Berlin, Germany
- Clinical Research Center for Reproduction and Genetics in Hunan Province, Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-XIANGYA, Changsha, People's Republic of China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Stem Cell and Reproductive Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-Ping Lu
- Department of Nephrology, Center of Kidney and Urology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
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Luengo N, Goldfield GS, Obregón AM. Association between dopamine genes, adiposity, food addiction, and eating behavior in Chilean adult. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1466384. [PMID: 39385779 PMCID: PMC11463150 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1466384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 08/22/2024] [Indexed: 10/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background A frequent consumption of high sugar/fat foods can affect dopamine signaling in the brain and cause sustained stimulation of the reward system. It has been hypothesized that a hypodopaminergic trait results in an individual overeating in order to increase brain DA. Genetic variants in this route have been connected with addiction and eating behaviors. Most studies focus on a specific SNP, and few studies have used multilocus genetic scores, which quantify genetic risk on a continuum. Aim To assess the relationship between multilocus genetic scores based on multiple gene variants in the dopaminergic pathway and measurements of anthropometry, eating behavior, food reinforcement, and food addiction (FA) in Chilean adults. Methods We recruited 221 Chilean adults for a cross-sectional study. A standard anthropometric measurement procedure was followed and eating behavior was examined using the Three Factor Eating questionnaire (TFEQ), Food Reinforcement Value Questionnaire (FRVQ), Yale Food Addiction Scale (YFAS) and 24-h diet recall. Multilocus genetic scores were calculated using TaqMan assays (rs1800497-rs1799732-rs6277-rs4680). Results No differences were found in the entire sample for anthropometric measurements, by MLGS. We found that participants with a score ≥ 2.0 in the MLGS showed higher food choices on the RVFQ and lower energy intake in protein, lipids, SAFA, MUFA, PUFA, dietary cholesterol, omega-3 and Omega-6 fatty acids in the 24-h recall (p < 0.05). Stratified by nutritional condition, the group with obesity had inferior scores on cognitive restriction, greater scores on uncontrolled eating, emotional eating, and responding to palatable food in the RVFQ. Also, in subjects with obesity, there was more food addiction in the group scoring "MLGS ≥2.0 or low dopamine signaling" (53%), compared to the group scored "MLGS <2.0 or high dopamine signaling" (23%) (p-value; 0.05). Emotional Eating scores correlated positively with MLGS in subjects with obesity. Conclusion In adults with obesity, the MLGS of the dopamine pathway, reflecting hypodopaminergic signaling, was associated with greater scores on food addiction and altered eating behavior traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Luengo
- Escuela de Nutrición y Dietética, Facultad de Ciencias para el cuidado de la Salud, Universidad San Sebastián, Concepción, Chile
| | - Gary S. Goldfield
- Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Ana M. Obregón
- Escuela de Nutrición y Dietética, Facultad de Ciencias para el cuidado de la Salud, Universidad San Sebastián, Concepción, Chile
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Ehab M, Omran N, Handoussa H. The modulatory effect of oat on brain-derived neurotrophic factor, orexigenic neuropeptides, and dopaminergic signaling in obesity-induced rat model: a comparative study to orlistat. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2024. [PMID: 39314063 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Revised: 07/24/2024] [Accepted: 08/31/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is a non-communicable complex disease that is the fifth leading cause of death worldwide. According to a novel viewpoint, the brain plays a significant role in the central regulation of satiety and energy homeostasis. Because of its rich nutritional profile and versatile uses, oat (Avena sativa) is one of the most popular functional foods recommended by many nutritionists. The anti-obesity effect of oat was hypothesized, focusing on the brain as the target organ. In the current study, the interplay between brain biomarkers, obesity, and its related complications was evaluated in diet-induced obese rats for 25 weeks, in which 60 adult male white albino Wistar rats were divided into three control and seven treatment groups given oat extracts in a dose-dependent manner. RESULTS Oat significantly improved obesity-related metabolic complications. In terms of brain function, oat significantly increased dopaminergic signaling, brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels, vaspin, irisin, and uncoupling protein-1 brain levels, while decreasing the expression of agouti-related peptide and neuropeptide Y (P-value < 0.05). CONCLUSION The current study proposes oat supplementation as a new conceptual framework with numerous implications for hedonic and homeostatic mechanisms that control satiety. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madonna Ehab
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nayra Omran
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
- School of Life and Medicinal Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hosted by Global Academic Foundation, New Administrative Capital, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Heba Handoussa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
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5
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Verma A, Kumar A, Chauhan S, Sharma N, Kalani A, Gupta PC. Interconnections of screen time with neuroinflammation. Mol Cell Biochem 2024:10.1007/s11010-024-05123-9. [PMID: 39316324 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-024-05123-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2024] [Accepted: 09/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024]
Abstract
The increasing prevalence of screen time among modern citizens has raised concerns regarding its potential impact on neuroinflammation and overall brain health. This review examines the complex interconnections between screen time and neuroinflammatory processes, particularly in children and adolescents. We analyze existing literature that explores how excessive digital media use can lead to alterations in neurobiological pathways, potentially exacerbating inflammatory responses in the brain. Key findings suggest that prolonged exposure to screens may contribute to neuroinflammation through mechanisms such as disrupted sleep patterns, diminished cognitive engagement, and increased stress levels. Similarly, we discuss the implications of these findings for mental health and cognitive development, emphasizing the need for a balanced approach to screen time. This review highlights the necessity for further research to elucidate the causal relationships and underlying mechanisms linking screen time and neuroinflammation, thereby informing guidelines for healthy media consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Verma
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chhatrapati Shahu Ji Maharaj University, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, 208024, India
| | - Anmol Kumar
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chhatrapati Shahu Ji Maharaj University, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, 208024, India
| | - Satendra Chauhan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chhatrapati Shahu Ji Maharaj University, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, 208024, India
| | - Nisha Sharma
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chhatrapati Shahu Ji Maharaj University, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, 208024, India
| | - Anuradha Kalani
- Disease Biology Lab, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Chhatrapati Shahu Ji Maharaj University, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, 208024, India
| | - Prakash Chandra Gupta
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chhatrapati Shahu Ji Maharaj University, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, 208024, India.
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Bannert U, Siewert-Markus U, Klinger-König J, Grabe HJ, Stracke S, Dörr M, Völzke H, Markus MR, Töpfer P, Ittermann T. Major depression recurrence is associated with differences in obesity-related traits in women, but not in men. Eur Psychiatry 2024; 67:e55. [PMID: 39301585 PMCID: PMC11457113 DOI: 10.1192/j.eurpsy.2024.1764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity-related cardiometabolic comorbidity is common in major depressive disorder (MDD). However, sex differences and MDD recurrence may modify the MDD-obesity-link. METHODS Sex-specific associations of MDD recurrence (single [MDDS] or recurrent episodes [MDDR]) and obesity-related traits were analyzed in 4.100 adults (51.6% women) from a cross-sectional population-based cohort in Germany (SHIP-Trend-0). DSM-IV-based lifetime MDD diagnoses and MDD recurrence status were obtained through diagnostic interviews. Obesity-related outcomes included anthropometrics (weight, body mass index, waist- and hip-circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, waist-to-height ratio), bioelectrical impedance analysis of body fat mass and fat-free mass, and subcutaneous (SAT) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) from abdominal magnetic resonance imaging. Sex-stratified linear regression models predicting obesity-related traits from MDD recurrence status were adjusted for age, education, and current depressive symptoms. RESULTS 790 participants (19.3%) fulfilled lifetime MDD criteria (23.8% women vs. 14.5% men, p<0.001). In women, MDDS was inversely associated with anthropometric indicators of general and central obesity, while MDDR was positively associated with all obesity-related traits, except waist-to-hip ratio and fat-free mass. In women, MDDR versus MDDS was associated with higher levels of obesity across all outcomes except fat-free mass. In men, MDD was positively associated with SAT regardless of MDD recurrence. Additionally, lifetime MDD was positively associated with VAT in men. Results remained significant in sensitivity analyses after exclusion of participants with current use of antidepressants. CONCLUSIONS The MDD-obesity association is modified by MDD recurrence and sex independent of current depressive symptoms. Accounting for sex and MDD recurrence may identify individuals with MDD at increased cardiometabolic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urs Bannert
- University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Ulrike Siewert-Markus
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Johanna Klinger-König
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Hans J. Grabe
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Site, Rostock/Greifswald, Germany
| | - Sylvia Stracke
- Department of Internal Medicine A, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Marcus Dörr
- Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Henry Völzke
- Department of Study of Health in Pomerania/Clinical-Epidemiological Research, Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Marcello R.P. Markus
- Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Philipp Töpfer
- Department of Internal Medicine A, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Till Ittermann
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Department of Study of Health in Pomerania/Clinical-Epidemiological Research, Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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Werle D, Sablottny L, Ansorge U, Biehl SC, Tuschen-Caffier B, Svaldi J. Attention to food stimuli in binge eating disorder: Electrophysiological evidence. Appetite 2024; 203:107682. [PMID: 39303828 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2024.107682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 08/09/2024] [Accepted: 09/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024]
Abstract
Attentional biases towards food play an important role in the pathology of binge eating disorder (BED). Later stage electrophysiological potentials (P300, late positive potential) present promising markers of motivated attention with high temporal, albeit low spatial resolution. Complementing this, the N2pc is an earlier-latency component providing the possibility of more directly analyzing visuospatial attention. Therefore, we tested a group with BED (N = 60), as well as an overweight (OW; N = 28) and normal weight (NW; N = 30) group without BED in a Go/No-Go paradigm using food and nonfood distractor images. Only the OW group in exclusively the Go trials displayed a stronger spatial attention allocation towards nonfood distractors as evidenced by an increased N2pc amplitude. In the P300's time window, the OW group displayed no attentional bias towards food and the NW group only did so in the absence of a target. Solely the BED group allocated more motivated attention towards food distractors both in Go and No-Go trials. In the following late positive potential (LPP), the OW group exhibited a general attentional bias towards food distractors, while the BED group only did so in the absence of a target. These results are discussed in light of the incentive sensitization theory and a potential early attentional suppression of potent distractors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dustin Werle
- University of Tuebingen, Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Germany.
| | - Lynn Sablottny
- University of Freiburg, Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Germany
| | | | - Stefanie C Biehl
- University of Tuebingen, Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Germany
| | | | - Jennifer Svaldi
- University of Tuebingen, Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Germany
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Jee Y, Ryu M, Sull JW. Alcohol Consumption and Cancer Risk: Two Sample Mendelian Randomization. EPIDEMIOLOGIA 2024; 5:618-626. [PMID: 39311360 PMCID: PMC11417818 DOI: 10.3390/epidemiologia5030043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2024] [Revised: 09/06/2024] [Accepted: 09/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Although numerous observational studies have reported on the association between alcohol consumption and cancer, insufficient studies have estimated the causality. Our study evaluated the causal relationship between various types of cancer according to the frequency of drinking and the amount of alcohol consumed. The research data were obtained from the publicly available MR-Base platform. The frequency and amount of drinking were selected as the exposure, and 16 cancer types were selected as the outcome. Two-sample summary data Mendelian randomization (2SMR) was conducted to examine the causality between alcohol consumption and cancer type. Additionally, for cancers suspected of pleiotropy, outliers were removed and re-analyzed through radial MR. The MR results using the inverse variance weighted (IVW) method were different before and after removing outliers. The biggest differences were found for esophageal cancer and biliary tract cancer. For esophageal cancer, after removing outliers (rs13102973, rs540606, rs650558), the OR (95% CI) was 3.44 (1.19-9.89), which was statistically significant (p = 0.02172). Even in biliary tract cancer, after removing outliers (rs13231886, rs58905411), the OR (95% CI) was 3.86 (0.89-16.859), which was of borderline statistical significance (p = 0.07223). The strongest association was found for esophageal cancer. For other cancers, the evidence was not sufficient to draw conclusions. More research is needed to understand the causality between drinking and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongho Jee
- Advanced Biomedical Research Institute, Ewha Womans University Seoul Hospital, Seoul 07804, Republic of Korea;
| | - Mikyung Ryu
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Basgenbio Inc., Seoul 04167, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Woong Sull
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Science, Eulji University, Seongnam 13135, Republic of Korea;
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9
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Emmons HA, Fordahl SC. Moderate-intensity aerobic exercise enhanced dopamine signaling in diet-induced obese female mice without preventing body weight gain. Neuroscience 2024; 555:1-10. [PMID: 39032807 PMCID: PMC11344652 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2024.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Obesity continues to rise in prevalence and financial burden despite strong evidence linking it to an increased risk of developing several chronic diseases. Dopamine response and receptor density are shown to decrease under conditions of obesity. However, it is unclear if this could be a potential mechanism for treatment without drugs that have a potential for abuse. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate whether moderate-intensity exercise could reduce body weight gain and the associated decreases in dopamine signaling observed with high-fat diet-induced adiposity. We hypothesized that exercise would attenuate body weight gain and diet-induced inflammation in high-fat (HF)-fed mice, resulting in dopamine signaling (release and reuptake rate) comparable to sedentary, low-fat (LF)-fed counterparts. This hypothesis was tested using a mouse model of diet-induced obesity (DIO) and fast-scan cyclic voltammetry to measure evoked dopamine release and reuptake rates. Although the exercise protocol employed in this study was not sufficient to prevent significant body weight gain, there was an enhancement of dopamine signaling observed in female mice fed a HF diet that underwent treadmill running. Additionally, aerobic treadmill exercise enhanced the sensitivity to amphetamine (AMPH) in this same group of exercised, HF-fed females. The estrous cycle might influence the ability of exercise to enhance dopamine signaling in females, an effect not observed in male groups. Further research into females by estrous cycle phase, in addition to determining the optimal intensity and duration of aerobic exercise, are logical next steps.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Steve C Fordahl
- UNC Greensboro, Department of Nutrition, Greensboro NC, USA.
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10
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Van Hul M, Neyrinck AM, Everard A, Abot A, Bindels LB, Delzenne NM, Knauf C, Cani PD. Role of the intestinal microbiota in contributing to weight disorders and associated comorbidities. Clin Microbiol Rev 2024; 37:e0004523. [PMID: 38940505 PMCID: PMC11391702 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00045-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
SUMMARYThe gut microbiota is a major factor contributing to the regulation of energy homeostasis and has been linked to both excessive body weight and accumulation of fat mass (i.e., overweight, obesity) or body weight loss, weakness, muscle atrophy, and fat depletion (i.e., cachexia). These syndromes are characterized by multiple metabolic dysfunctions including abnormal regulation of food reward and intake, energy storage, and low-grade inflammation. Given the increasing worldwide prevalence of obesity, cachexia, and associated metabolic disorders, novel therapeutic strategies are needed. Among the different mechanisms explaining how the gut microbiota is capable of influencing host metabolism and energy balance, numerous studies have investigated the complex interactions existing between nutrition, gut microbes, and their metabolites. In this review, we discuss how gut microbes and different microbiota-derived metabolites regulate host metabolism. We describe the role of the gut barrier function in the onset of inflammation in this context. We explore the importance of the gut-to-brain axis in the regulation of energy homeostasis and glucose metabolism but also the key role played by the liver. Finally, we present specific key examples of how using targeted approaches such as prebiotics and probiotics might affect specific metabolites, their signaling pathways, and their interactions with the host and reflect on the challenges to move from bench to bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Van Hul
- UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group (MNUT), Brussels, Belgium
- Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and BIOtechnology (WELBIO), WELBIO department, WEL Research Institute, Wavre, Belgium
- NeuroMicrobiota, International Research Program (IRP) INSERM/UCLouvain, France/Belgium
| | - Audrey M Neyrinck
- UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group (MNUT), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Amandine Everard
- UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group (MNUT), Brussels, Belgium
- Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and BIOtechnology (WELBIO), WELBIO department, WEL Research Institute, Wavre, Belgium
| | | | - Laure B Bindels
- UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group (MNUT), Brussels, Belgium
- Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and BIOtechnology (WELBIO), WELBIO department, WEL Research Institute, Wavre, Belgium
| | - Nathalie M Delzenne
- UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group (MNUT), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Claude Knauf
- NeuroMicrobiota, International Research Program (IRP) INSERM/UCLouvain, France/Belgium
- INSERM U1220, Institut de Recherche en Santé Digestive (IRSD), Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse III, CHU Purpan, Toulouse, France
| | - Patrice D Cani
- UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group (MNUT), Brussels, Belgium
- Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and BIOtechnology (WELBIO), WELBIO department, WEL Research Institute, Wavre, Belgium
- NeuroMicrobiota, International Research Program (IRP) INSERM/UCLouvain, France/Belgium
- UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), Brussels, Belgium
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11
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Wu CT, Gonzalez Magaña D, Roshgadol J, Tian L, Ryan KK. Dietary protein restriction diminishes sucrose reward and reduces sucrose-evoked mesolimbic dopamine signaling in mice. Appetite 2024; 203:107673. [PMID: 39260700 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2024.107673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2024] [Revised: 09/08/2024] [Accepted: 09/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
A growing literature suggests manipulating dietary protein status decreases sweet consumption in rodents and in humans. Underlying neurocircuit mechanisms have not yet been determined, but previous work points towards hedonic rather than homeostatic pathways. Here we hypothesized that a history of protein restriction reduces sucrose seeking by altering mesolimbic dopamine signaling in mice. We tested this hypothesis using established behavioral tests of palatability and conditioned reward, including the palatability contrast and conditioned place preference (CPP) tests. We used modern optical sensors for measuring real-time nucleus accumbens (NAc) dopamine dynamics during voluntary sucrose consumption, via fiber photometry, in male C57/Bl6J mice maintained on low-protein high-carbohydrate (LPHC) or control (CON) diet for ∼5 weeks. Our results showed that a history of protein restriction decreased the consumption of a sucrose 'dessert' in sated mice by ∼50% compared to controls [T-test, p < 0.05]. The dopamine release in NAc during sucrose consumption was reduced, also by ∼50%, in LPHC-fed mice compared to CON [T-test, p < 0.01]. Furthermore, LPHC-feeding blocked the sucrose-conditioned place preference we observed in CON-fed mice [paired T-test, p < 0.05], indicating reduced sucrose reward. This was accompanied by a 33% decrease in neuronal activation of the NAc core, as measured by c-Fos immunolabeling from brains collected directly after the CPP test [T-test, p < 0.05]. Together, these findings advance our mechanistic understanding of how dietary protein restriction decreases the consumption of sweets-by inhibiting the incentive salience of a sucrose reward, together with reduced sucrose-evoked dopamine release in NAc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Ting Wu
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology and Behavior, College of Biological Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Diego Gonzalez Magaña
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology and Behavior, College of Biological Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Jacob Roshgadol
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Group, College of Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Lin Tian
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA; Max Planck Florida Institute for Neuroscience, One Max Planck Way, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA
| | - Karen K Ryan
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology and Behavior, College of Biological Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
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12
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Cho NA, Giesbrecht GF, Dewey D, Reimer RA. Early Life Surgency, but not Effortful Control or Negative Affectivity, Is a Mediating Variable Between Maternal Pre-Pregnancy Body Mass Index and Childhood Obesity Risk. Dev Psychobiol 2024; 66:e22517. [PMID: 38924077 DOI: 10.1002/dev.22517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Maternal gestational obesity is related to risk of obesity in the child. This risk may be in part mediated by altered child temperament, which can affect mother-child interactions, including feeding and soothing behaviors that affect obesity risk. Our objective was to examine the association between maternal pre-pregnancy BMI and child zBMI and determine if child temperament, specifically positive Affectivity/Surgency, mediates this association. Using conditional process modeling, we analyzed data from 408 mother-child dyads enrolled in the Alberta Pregnancy Outcomes and Nutrition (APrON) study. Child temperament was assessed at 3 years of age via a parent report measure, the Child Behavior Questionnaire (CBQ), and child zBMI was calculated from in-person measurements of child height and weight at 4-5 years of age. Bivariate correlations showed that there was a significant positive correlation between zBMI and Surgency (r = 0.11, p = 0.03), and zBMI was also correlated with maternal pre-pregnancy BMI (r = 0.12, p = 0.02). Multivariable regression revealed that maternal pre-pregnancy BMI (adjusted β = 0.15, 95% confidence interval [CI]; 0.00-0.05, p = 0.02) and Surgency scores (adjusted β = 0.14, 95% CI; 0.02-0.28, p = 0.03) were associated with higher child zBMI at 4-5 years of age. Mediation analysis showed that Surgency mediated the association between pre-pregnancy BMI and child zBMI. Our models controlled for maternal gestational weight gain, gestational diabetes, socioeconomic status, maternal anxiety and depression, and gestational age at birth. Overall, maternal pre-pregnancy BMI was positively associated with child zBMI, and this association was mediated by higher child Surgency scores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole A Cho
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Gerald F Giesbrecht
- Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute (ACHRI), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Deborah Dewey
- Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute (ACHRI), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute (HBI), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Raylene A Reimer
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute (ACHRI), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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13
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Zhao S, Semeia L, Veit R, Luo S, Angelo BC, Chow T, Birkenfeld AL, Preissl H, Xiang AH, Page KA, Kullmann S. Exposure to gestational diabetes mellitus in utero impacts hippocampal functional connectivity in response to food cues in children. Int J Obes (Lond) 2024:10.1038/s41366-024-01608-1. [PMID: 39198584 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-024-01608-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Intrauterine exposure to gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) increases the risk of obesity in the offspring, but little is known about the underlying neural mechanisms. The hippocampus is crucial for food intake regulation and is vulnerable to the effects of obesity. The purpose of the study was to investigate whether GDM exposure affects hippocampal functional connectivity during exposure to food cues using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). METHODS Participants were 90 children age 7-11 years (53 females) who underwent an fMRI-based visual food cue task in the fasted state. Hippocampal functional connectivity (FC) was examined using generalized psychophysiological interaction in response to food versus non-food cues. Hippocampal FC was compared between children with and without GDM exposure, while controlling for possible confounding effects of age, sex and waist-to-hip ratio. In addition, the influence of childhood and maternal obesity were investigated using multiple regression models. RESULTS While viewing high caloric food cues compared to non-food cure, children with GDM exposure exhibited higher hippocampal FC to the insula and striatum (i.e., putamen, pallidum and nucleus accumbens) compared to unexposed children. With increasing BMI, children with GDM exposure had lower hippocampal FC to the somatosensory cortex (i.e., postcentral gyrus). CONCLUSIONS Intrauterine exposure to GDM was associated with higher food-cue induced hippocampal FC especially to reward processing regions. Future studies with longitudinal measurements are needed to clarify whether altered hippocampal FC may raise the risk of the development of metabolic diseases later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sixiu Zhao
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Lorenzo Semeia
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ralf Veit
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Shan Luo
- Division of Endocrinology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Brendan C Angelo
- Division of Endocrinology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ting Chow
- Department of Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Andreas L Birkenfeld
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Diabetology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Hubert Preissl
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Diabetology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Anny H Xiang
- Department of Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Kathleen A Page
- Division of Endocrinology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Stephanie Kullmann
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Tübingen, Germany.
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Diabetology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
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14
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Feng X, Ye Z, Xie K, Zhu S, Wu X, Sun Z, Feng X, Mo Y, Liang J, Shu G, Wang S, Zhu C, Jiang Q, Wang L. Effects of heat stress on the feeding preference of yellow-feathered broilers and its possible mechanism. J Therm Biol 2024; 124:103959. [PMID: 39180919 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2024.103959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Revised: 08/06/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
Heat stress is the most critical factor affecting animal feeding in summer. This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of heat stress on the feeding preference of yellow-feathered broilers and its possible mechanism. As a result, the preference of yellow-feathered broilers for Tenebrio molitor was significantly decreased, and the fear response and serum corticosterone of broilers were significantly increased when the ambient temperatures are 35 °C (P < 0.05). In the central nervous system, consistent with the change in feeding preference, decreased dopamine in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) and increased mRNA levels of MAO-B in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and NAc were found in yellow-feathered broilers (P < 0.05). In addition, we found significantly increased mRNA levels of corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor 1, corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor 2 and glucocorticoid receptor in the VTA and NAc of female broilers (P < 0.05). However, no similar change was found in male broilers. On the other hand, the serum levels of insulin and glucagon-like peptide-1 were increased only in male broilers (P < 0.05). Accordingly, the mRNA levels of insulin receptor and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor in the VTA and the phosphorylation of mTOR and PI3K were increased only in male broilers (P < 0.05). In summary, the preference of yellow-feathered broilers for Tenebrio molitor feed decreased under heat stress conditions, and hedonic feeding behavior was significantly inhibited. However, the mechanism by which heat stress affects hedonic feeding behavior may contain gender differences. The insulin signaling pathway may participate in the regulation of heat stress on the male broiler reward system, while stress hormone-related receptors in the midbrain may play an important role in the effect of heat stress on the reward system of female broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiajie Feng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510642, China; National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510642, China
| | - Ziyuan Ye
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510642, China; National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510642, China
| | - Kailai Xie
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510642, China; National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510642, China
| | - Shuqing Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510642, China; National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510642, China
| | - Xin Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510642, China; National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510642, China
| | - Zhonghua Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510642, China; National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510642, China
| | - Xiaohua Feng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510642, China; National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510642, China
| | - Yingfen Mo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510642, China; National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510642, China
| | - Jingwen Liang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510642, China; National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510642, China
| | - Gang Shu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510642, China; National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510642, China
| | - Songbo Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510642, China; National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510642, China
| | - Canjun Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510642, China; National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510642, China
| | - Qingyan Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510642, China; National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510642, China
| | - Lina Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510642, China; National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510642, China.
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15
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Khanal P, Zargari F, Dey YN, Nikfarjam Z. Olanzapine manipulates neuroactive signals and may onset metabolic disturbances. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024; 42:6613-6627. [PMID: 37477254 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2235617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Olanzapine is one of the most prescribed atypical antipsychotics to treat psychiatric illness and is associated with weight gain and metabolic disturbance. The present study investigated the olanzapine-regulated metabolic pathways using functional enrichent analysis including binding affinity with G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Proteins modulated by olanzapine were retrieved from SwissTargetPrediction, DIGEP-Pred, and BindingDB and then enriched in Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins (STRING) to assess molecular function, biological process, and cellular components including Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways. We used homology modeling to improve the 3D structure for GPCR synapse proteins including dopamine, serotonin, muscarinic, and histamine receptors which were then optimized using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The protein-olanzapine binding mechanisms for different GPCR binders were evaluated using molecular docking; later refined by MD simulations. Binding mechanism of olanzapine with D2, 5HT1A, 5HT2A, 5HT2B, 5HT2C, M1, and M2 receptors were created using homology modeling and optimized using MD simulations. In target identification, it was observed that olanzapine majority targeted G-protein coupled receptors. Further, enrichment analysis identified around 76% of the total genes regulated in molecular function, biological process, and cellular components were common including KEGG pathways. Moreover, it was observed that olanzapine had a major potency over the neurotransmitter synapse including neuroactive signals . Olanzapine-induced weight gain and metabolic alterations could be due to the deregulation of multiple synapses like dopamine, serotonin, muscarinic, and histamine at the feeding center followed by cGMP-PKG, cAMP, and PI3K-Akt signaling pathways. HIGHLIGHTSOlanzapine is used in the management of psychiatric illnesses.Olanzapine causes disturbance in lipids and glucosehomeostasis and manipulates energy expenditure.Olanzapine-induced weight gain may occur due to the deregulation of the multiple synapse and cGMP-PKG, cAMP, and PI3K-Akt signaling pathwayCommunicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pukar Khanal
- Department of Pharmacology, NGSM Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (NGSMIPS), Nitte (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, India
| | - Farshid Zargari
- Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Yadu Nandan Dey
- Department of Pharmacology, B.C. Roy College of Pharmacy and Allied Health Sciences, Durgapur, India
| | - Zahra Nikfarjam
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Research Center of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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16
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Apuschkin M, Burm HB, Schmidt JH, Skov LJ, Andersen RC, Bowin CF, Støier JF, Jensen KL, Posselt LP, Dmytriyeva O, Sørensen AT, Egerod KL, Holst B, Rickhag M, Schwartz TW, Gether U. An atlas of GPCRs in dopamine neurons: Identification of the free fatty acid receptor 4 as a regulator of food and water intake. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114509. [PMID: 39003735 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Midbrain dopaminergic neurons (DANs) are subject to extensive metabotropic regulation, but the repertoire of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) present in these neurons has not been mapped. Here, we isolate DANs from Dat-eGFP mice to generate a GPCR atlas by unbiased qPCR array expression analysis of 377 GPCRs. Combined with data mining of scRNA-seq databases, we identify multiple receptors in DAN subpopulations with 38 of these receptors representing the majority of transcripts. We identify 41 receptors expressed in midbrain DANs but not in non-DAN midbrain cells, including the free fatty acid receptor 4 (FFAR4). Functional expression of FFAR4 is validated by ex vivo Ca2+ imaging, and in vivo experiments support that FFAR4 negatively regulates food and water intake and bodyweight. In addition to providing a critical framework for understanding metabotropic DAN regulation, our data suggest fatty acid sensing by FFAR4 as a mechanism linking high-energy intake to the dopamine-reward pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mia Apuschkin
- Molecular Neuropharmacology and Genetics Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hayley B Burm
- Molecular Neuropharmacology and Genetics Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jan H Schmidt
- Molecular Neuropharmacology and Genetics Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Louise J Skov
- Novo Nordic Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rita C Andersen
- Molecular Neuropharmacology and Genetics Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Carl-Fredrik Bowin
- Molecular Neuropharmacology and Genetics Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jonatan F Støier
- Molecular Neuropharmacology and Genetics Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kathrine L Jensen
- Molecular Neuropharmacology and Genetics Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Leonie P Posselt
- Molecular Neuropharmacology and Genetics Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Oksana Dmytriyeva
- Novo Nordic Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andreas T Sørensen
- Molecular Neuropharmacology and Genetics Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kristoffer L Egerod
- Novo Nordic Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Birgitte Holst
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Laboratory for Molecular Pharmacology and Novo Nordic Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mattias Rickhag
- Molecular Neuropharmacology and Genetics Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance (DRCMR), Copenhagen University Hospital Amager and Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Thue W Schwartz
- Novo Nordic Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ulrik Gether
- Molecular Neuropharmacology and Genetics Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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17
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Agarwal T, Lyngdoh T, Khadgawat R, Dudbridge F, Kinra S, Relton C, Smith GD, Ebrahim S, Prabhakaran D, Chandak GR, Gupta V, Walia GK. Novel genomic variants related to visceral adiposity index (VAI) and body adiposity index (BAI) in Indian sib-pairs. Int J Obes (Lond) 2024:10.1038/s41366-024-01570-y. [PMID: 38971891 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-024-01570-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is among the leading public health threats globally. Over the last few years, visceral adiposity index (VAI), and body adiposity index (BAI), derived from anthropometric, and biochemical measures, have gained importance as a measure of obesity. However, unlike other common indices like body mass index, and waist circumference, the genetic predisposition of VAI, and BAI under-examined. METHODS 2265 sib-pairs from Indian Migration Study were used for examining the association of genetic variants from the Cardio-Metabochip array with VAI, and BAI. Mixed linear regression models were run, and all inferences were based on the within-sib component of the Fulker's association models. Gene-environment/lifestyle interaction analyses were also undertaken. RESULTS rs6659428 at LOC400796 | SEC16B (β = 0.26, SE = 0.05), and rs7611535 at DRD3 | LOC645180 (β = 0.18, SE = 0.04) were associated with VAI at suggestive significance value of <8.21 × 10-6. For BAI, rs73300702 at JAZF1-AS1 (β = 0.27, SE = 0.06), was the top hit at p value < 8.21 × 10-6. Further, rs6659428 showed marginal effect modification with rural/urban location (β = 0.26, SE = 0.13, p value = 0.047), and rs73300702 with physical activity (β = -0.29,SE = 0.14, p value = 0.034). CONCLUSION We report three novel genetic loci for VAI, and BAI in Indians that are important indicators of adiposity. These findings need to be replicated and validated with larger samples from different ethnicities. Further, functional studies for understanding the biological mechanisms of these adiposity indices need to be undertaken to understand the underlying pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tripti Agarwal
- Indian Institute of Public Health-Delhi, Public Health Foundation of India, Delhi, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | | | | | - Frank Dudbridge
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Sanjay Kinra
- Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene, and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Caroline Relton
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - George Davey Smith
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Shah Ebrahim
- Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene, and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | | | - Giriraj Ratan Chandak
- Genomic Research in Complex diseases (GRC Group), CSIR-Centre for Cellular, and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, India
| | - Vipin Gupta
- Department of Anthropology, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India.
| | - Gagandeep Kaur Walia
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
- Centre for Chronic Disease Control, New Delhi, India.
- Public Health Foundation of India, Delhi, India.
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18
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Stager LM, Watson CS, Cook EW, Fobian AD. Effect of Sleep Restriction on Adolescent Cognition by Adiposity: A Randomized Crossover Trial. JAMA Neurol 2024; 81:712-721. [PMID: 38767872 PMCID: PMC11106714 DOI: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2024.1332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Importance Pediatric obesity is associated with impaired cognitive function; however, the mechanisms underlying this association demand assessment. Sleep may be a relevant moderator, as poor sleep predicts both increased adiposity and impaired cognitive function. Objective To determine the effects of adiposity and sleep on adolescent cognitive function. Design, Setting, and Participants This single-blind randomized crossover trial was conducted from September 2020 to October 2022. Parents or caregivers provided demographic information for adolescent participants. Body mass index percentile and bioelectrical impedance analysis assessed adiposity. Adolescents completed 2 actigraphy-confirmed sleep conditions, adequate and restricted, followed by in-person cognitive assessment. No additional follow-up was provided. Data collection for this population-based study took place in a behavioral medicine clinic in Birmingham, Alabama. A total of 323 participants were assessed for eligibility (ages 14-19 years and healthy). Of the 244 eligible adolescents, 157 declined participation. Eighty-seven were randomized and 26 dropped out postenrollment. The final sample included 61 adolescents, 31 with healthy weight and 30 with overweight or obesity. Data were analyzed from April to October 2023. Interventions Following a 2-day washout period of adequate sleep, adolescents completed 2 sleep conditions: adequate (mean [SD] duration, 8 hours, 54 minutes [58.0 minutes]) and restricted (mean [SD] duration, 4 hours, 12 minutes [50.7 minutes]). Main Outcomes and Measures The National Institutes of Health Cognitive Toolbox assessed global and fluid cognition, cognitive flexibility, working and episodic memory, attention, and processing speed. The Stroop Task assessed inhibition. Results The final sample included 61 adolescents (mean [SD] age, 16.3 [1.6] years; 35 [57.4%] female). Restricted sleep predicted poorer global cognition scores (restricted mean [SD], 98.0 [2.8]; adequate mean [SD], 103.2 [2.9]), fluid cognition scores (restricted mean [SD], 94.5 [3.2]; adequate mean [SD], 102.0 [3.6]), and cognitive flexibility scores (restricted mean [SD], 84.8 [3.0]; adequate mean [SD], 92.8 [3.0]) for adolescents with overweight or obesity. No differences emerged for adolescents with healthy weight. Adolescents with overweight or obesity also had poorer attention scores (mean [SD], 80.0 [2.3]) compared to adolescents with healthy weight (mean [SD], 88.4 [SD, 2.3]) following restricted sleep. No differences emerged following adequate sleep. Findings were similar for total body fat percentage (TBF%); however, for adolescents with TBF% above 42, restricted sleep also predicted poorer processing speed, and the association between sleep and attention did not vary based on TBF%. Conclusions and Relevance Adolescents with overweight or obesity may be more vulnerable to negative cognitive effects following sleep restriction. Improved sleep hygiene and duration in this group may positively impact their cognitive health. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04346433.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Edwin W. Cook
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Aaron D. Fobian
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham
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19
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Wu CT, Magaña DG, Roshgadol J, Tian L, Ryan KK. Dietary protein restriction diminishes sucrose reward and reduces sucrose-evoked mesolimbic dopamine signaling. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.21.600074. [PMID: 38979357 PMCID: PMC11230173 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.21.600074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Objective A growing literature suggests manipulating dietary protein status decreases sweet consumption in rodents and in humans. Underlying neurocircuit mechanisms have not yet been determined, but previous work points towards hedonic rather than homeostatic pathways. Here we hypothesized that a history of protein restriction reduces sucrose seeking by altering mesolimbic dopamine signaling. Methods We tested this hypothesis using established behavioral tests of palatability and motivation, including the 'palatability contrast' and conditioned place preference (CPP) tests. We used modern optical sensors for measuring real-time nucleus accumbens (NAc) dopamine dynamics during sucrose consumption, via fiber photometry, in male C57/Bl6J mice maintained on low-protein high-carbohydrate (LPHC) or control (CON) diet for ∼5 weeks. Results A history of protein restriction decreased the consumption of a sucrose 'dessert' in sated mice by ∼50% compared to controls [T-test, p< 0.05]. The dopamine release in NAc during sucrose consumption was reduced, also by ∼50%, in LPHC-fed mice compared to CON [T-test, p< 0.01]. Furthermore, LPHC-feeding blocked the sucrose-conditioned place preference we observed in CON-fed mice [paired T-test, p< 0.05], indicating reduced motivation. This was accompanied by a 33% decrease in neuronal activation of the NAc core, as measured by c-Fos immunolabeling from brains collected directly after the CPP test. Conclusions Despite ongoing efforts to promote healthier dietary habits, adherence to recommendations aimed at reducing the intake of added sugars and processed sweets remains challenging. This study highlights chronic dietary protein restriction as a nutritional intervention that suppresses the motivation for sucrose intake, via blunted sucrose-evoke dopamine release in NAc.
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20
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Zhou G, Lane G, Kahnt T, Zelano C. Structural Connectivity between Olfactory Tubercle and Ventrolateral Periaqueductal Gray Implicated in Human Feeding Behavior. J Neurosci 2024; 44:e2342232024. [PMID: 38755004 PMCID: PMC11209663 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2342-23.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The olfactory tubercle (TUB), also called the tubular striatum, receives direct input from the olfactory bulb and, along with the nucleus accumbens, is one of the two principal components of the ventral striatum. As a key component of the reward system, the ventral striatum is involved in feeding behavior, but the vast majority of research on this structure has focused on the nucleus accumbens, leaving the TUB's role in feeding behavior understudied. Given the importance of olfaction in food seeking and consumption, olfactory input to the striatum should be an important contributor to motivated feeding behavior. Yet the TUB is vastly understudied in humans, with very little understanding of its structural organization and connectivity. In this study, we analyzed macrostructural variations between the TUB and the whole brain and explored the relationship between TUB structural pathways and feeding behavior, using body mass index (BMI) as a proxy in females and males. We identified a unique structural covariance between the TUB and the periaqueductal gray (PAG), which has recently been implicated in the suppression of feeding. We further show that the integrity of the white matter tract between the two regions is negatively correlated with BMI. Our findings highlight a potential role for the TUB-PAG pathway in the regulation of feeding behavior in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyu Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - Gregory Lane
- Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - Thorsten Kahnt
- National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, Maryland 21224
| | - Christina Zelano
- Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
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21
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McGovern DJ, Phillips A, Ly A, Prévost ED, Ward L, Siletti K, Kim YS, Fenno LE, Ramakrishnan C, Deisseroth K, Ford CP, Root DH. Salience signaling and stimulus scaling of ventral tegmental area glutamate neuron subtypes. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.12.598688. [PMID: 38915564 PMCID: PMC11195246 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.12.598688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Ventral tegmental area (VTA) glutamatergic neurons participate in reward, aversion, drug-seeking, and stress. Subsets of VTA VGluT2+ neurons are capable of co-transmitting glutamate and GABA (VGluT2+VGaT+ neurons), transmitting glutamate without GABA (VGluT2+VGaT- neurons), or co-transmitting glutamate and dopamine (VGluT2+TH+ neurons), but whether these molecularly distinct subpopulations show behavior-related differences is not wholly understood. We identified that neuronal activity of each VGluT2+ subpopulation is sensitive to reward value but signaled this in different ways. The phasic maximum activity of VGluT2+VGaT+ neurons increased with sucrose concentration, whereas VGluT2+VGaT- neurons increased maximum and sustained activity with sucrose concentration, and VGluT2+TH+ neurons increased sustained but not maximum activity with sucrose concentration. Additionally, VGluT2+ subpopulations signaled consummatory preferences in different ways. VGluT2+VGaT- neurons and VGluT2+TH+ neurons showed a signaling preference for a behaviorally-preferred fat reward over sucrose, but in temporally-distinct ways. In contrast, VGluT2+VGaT+ neurons uniquely signaled a less behaviorally-preferred sucrose reward compared with fat. Further experiments suggested that VGluT2+VGaT+ consummatory reward-related activity was related to sweetness, partially modulated by hunger state, and not dependent on caloric content or behavioral preference. All VGluT2+ subtypes increased neuronal activity following aversive stimuli but VGluT2+VGaT+ neurons uniquely scaled their magnitude and sustained activity with footshock intensity. Optogenetic activation of VGluT2+VGaT+ neurons during low intensity footshock enhanced fear-related behavior without inducing place preference or aversion. We interpret these data such that VTA glutamatergic subpopulations signal different elements of rewarding and aversive experiences and highlight the unique role of VTA VGluT2+VGaT+ neurons in enhancing the salience of behavioral experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dillon J. McGovern
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, 2860 Wilderness Pl, Boulder, CO 80301
| | - Alysabeth Phillips
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, 2860 Wilderness Pl, Boulder, CO 80301
| | - Annie Ly
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, 2860 Wilderness Pl, Boulder, CO 80301
| | - Emily D. Prévost
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, 2860 Wilderness Pl, Boulder, CO 80301
| | - Lucy Ward
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, 2860 Wilderness Pl, Boulder, CO 80301
| | - Kayla Siletti
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, 2860 Wilderness Pl, Boulder, CO 80301
| | - Yoon Seok Kim
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Lief E. Fenno
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Current address: Department of Neuroscience, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin 78712
| | - Charu Ramakrishnan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Karl Deisseroth
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Christopher P. Ford
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - David H. Root
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, 2860 Wilderness Pl, Boulder, CO 80301
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22
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Ravichandran S, Sood R, Das I, Dong T, Figueroa JD, Yang J, Finger N, Vaughan A, Vora P, Selvaraj K, Labus JS, Gupta A. Early life adversity impacts alterations in brain structure and food addiction in individuals with high BMI. Sci Rep 2024; 14:13141. [PMID: 38849441 PMCID: PMC11161480 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-63414-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity and food addiction are associated with distinct brain signatures related to reward processing, and early life adversity (ELA) also increases alterations in these same reward regions. However, the neural mechanisms underlying the effect of early life adversity on food addiction are unknown. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the interactions between ELA, food addiction, and brain morphometry in individuals with obesity. 114 participants with high body mass index (BMI) underwent structural MRIs, and completed several questionnaires (e.g., Yale Food Addiction Scale (YFAS), Brief Resilience Scale (BRS), Early Traumatic Inventory (ETI)). Freesurfer 6 was applied to generate the morphometry of brain regions. A multivariate pattern analysis was used to derive brain morphometry patterns associated with food addiction. General linear modeling and mediation analyses were conducted to examine the effects of ELA and resilience on food addiction in individuals with obesity. Statistical significance was determined at a level of p < 0.05. High levels of ELA showed a strong association between reward control brain signatures and food addiction (p = 0.03). Resilience positively mediated the effect of ELA on food addiction (B = 0.02, p = 0.038). Our findings suggest that food addiction is associated with brain signatures in motivation and reward processing regions indicative of dopaminergic dysregulation and inhibition of cognitive control regions. These mechanistic variabilities along with early life adversity suggest increased vulnerability to develop food addiction and obesity in adulthood, which can buffer by the neuroprotective effects of resilience, highlighting the value of incorporating cognitive appraisal into obesity therapeutic regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumya Ravichandran
- G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, The Obesity and Ingestive Behavior Program, Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Center for Health Sciences 42-210, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- UC San Diego School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, USA
| | - Riya Sood
- G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, The Obesity and Ingestive Behavior Program, Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Center for Health Sciences 42-210, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Isha Das
- G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, The Obesity and Ingestive Behavior Program, Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Center for Health Sciences 42-210, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Tien Dong
- Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
- Goodman Luskin Microbiome Center, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
- G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, The Obesity and Ingestive Behavior Program, Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Center for Health Sciences 42-210, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Johnny D Figueroa
- Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, USA
| | - Jennifer Yang
- Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
- Goodman Luskin Microbiome Center, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
- G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, The Obesity and Ingestive Behavior Program, Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Center for Health Sciences 42-210, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Nicholas Finger
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Allison Vaughan
- Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
- G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, The Obesity and Ingestive Behavior Program, Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Center for Health Sciences 42-210, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Priten Vora
- Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
- G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, The Obesity and Ingestive Behavior Program, Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Center for Health Sciences 42-210, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Katie Selvaraj
- G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, The Obesity and Ingestive Behavior Program, Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Center for Health Sciences 42-210, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Jennifer S Labus
- Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
- Goodman Luskin Microbiome Center, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
- G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, The Obesity and Ingestive Behavior Program, Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Center for Health Sciences 42-210, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Arpana Gupta
- Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, USA.
- Goodman Luskin Microbiome Center, University of California, Los Angeles, USA.
- G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, The Obesity and Ingestive Behavior Program, Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Center for Health Sciences 42-210, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, USA.
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23
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Sa'ari AS, Hamid MRA, 'Ain Azizan N, Ismail NH. Examining the evidence between screen time and night eating behaviour with dietary intake related to metabolic syndrome: A narrative review. Physiol Behav 2024; 280:114562. [PMID: 38641187 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Screen time (ST) on digital devices has increased in recent decades due to digital development. Furthermore, constant engagement with digital devices alters sleep patterns, leading to nocturnal eating behaviour among users. These phenomena are therefore of great concern, as digital device addiction and night eating are associated with unhealthy food intake, increasing the metabolic syndrome (MetS) risks. The purpose of this review was to examine the evidence of the influence of ST and night eating behaviour (NEB) on dietary intake and its association with MetS based on previous literature. Prolonged ST and NEB have an association with excessive intake of energy from overconsumption of high-sugar and high-fat foods. However, the relationship between digital content and its influence on food intake is inconsistent. A higher MetS risk was found in individuals with longer ST due to a sedentary lifestyle, while positive energy balance and a shift in circadian rhythm contributed to night eaters. ST and NEB presented with a significant influence on food intake in adults. Additionally, unhealthy food intake due to excessive consumption of empty-calorie foods such as sweet and fatty foods due to addiction to electronic devices and eating at night has a detrimental effect on metabolic function. Therefore, improving food intake by reducing ST and night binges is essential to reduce the risk of MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athirah Sorfina Sa'ari
- Centre for Dietetics Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Puncak Alam Campus, Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan 42300, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Ramadan Ab Hamid
- Centre for Dietetics Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Puncak Alam Campus, Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan 42300, Malaysia; Integrated Nutrition Science and Therapy Research Group (INSPiRE), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Puncak Alam Campus, Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan 42300, Malaysia.
| | - Nurul 'Ain Azizan
- Integrated Nutrition Science and Therapy Research Group (INSPiRE), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Puncak Alam Campus, Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan 42300, Malaysia; School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan 43500, Malaysia
| | - Nazrul Hadi Ismail
- Centre for Dietetics Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Puncak Alam Campus, Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan 42300, Malaysia; Integrated Nutrition Science and Therapy Research Group (INSPiRE), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Puncak Alam Campus, Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan 42300, Malaysia
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24
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Thiboonboon K, Lourenco RDA, Cronin P, Khoo T, Goodall S. Economic Evaluations of Obesity-Targeted Sugar-Sweetened Beverage (SSB) Taxes-A Review to Identify Methodological Issues. Health Policy 2024; 144:105076. [PMID: 38692186 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthpol.2024.105076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Economic evaluations of public health interventions like sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) taxes face difficulties similar to those previously identified in other public health areas. This stems from challenges in accurately attributing effects, capturing outcomes and costs beyond health, and integrating equity effects. This review examines how these challenges were addressed in economic evaluations of SSB taxes. METHODS A systematic review was conducted to identify economic evaluations of SSB taxes focused on addressing obesity in adults, published up to February 2021. The methodological challenges examined include measuring effects, valuing outcomes, assessing costs, and incorporating equity. RESULTS Fourteen economic evaluations of SSB taxes were identified. Across these evaluations, estimating SSB tax effects was uncertain due to a reliance on indirect evidence that was less robust than evidence from randomised controlled trials. Health outcomes, like quality-adjusted life years, along with a healthcare system perspective for costs, dominated the evaluations of SSB taxes, with a limited focus on broader non-health consequences. Equity analyses were common but employed significantly different approaches and exhibited varying degrees of quality. CONCLUSION Addressing the methodological challenges remains an issue for economic evaluations of public health interventions like SSB taxes, suggesting the need for increased attention on those issues in future studies. Dedicated methodological guidelines, in particular addressing the measurement of effect and incorporation of equity impacts, are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kittiphong Thiboonboon
- Centre for Health Economics Research and Evaluation, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia, Level 5, Building 20 100 Broadway, Chippendale, NSW 2008, Australia.
| | - Richard De Abreu Lourenco
- Centre for Health Economics Research and Evaluation, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia, Level 5, Building 20 100 Broadway, Chippendale, NSW 2008, Australia
| | - Paula Cronin
- Centre for Health Economics Research and Evaluation, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia, Level 5, Building 20 100 Broadway, Chippendale, NSW 2008, Australia
| | - Terence Khoo
- Centre for Health Economics Research and Evaluation, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia, Level 5, Building 20 100 Broadway, Chippendale, NSW 2008, Australia
| | - Stephen Goodall
- Centre for Health Economics Research and Evaluation, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia, Level 5, Building 20 100 Broadway, Chippendale, NSW 2008, Australia
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25
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Zhang P, Mao Y, Gao L, Tian Z, Sun R, He Y, Ma P, Dou B, Chen Y, Zhang X, He Z, Yin T, Zeng F. Abnormal functional connectivity of the reward circuit associated with early satiety in patients with postprandial distress syndrome. Appetite 2024; 197:107317. [PMID: 38552365 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2024.107317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Postprandial distress syndrome (PDS) is the most common functional dyspepsia (FD) subtype. Early satiety is one of the cardinal symptoms of the PDS subtype in FD patients. The heterogeneity of symptoms in FD patients hampered therapy for patients based on specific symptoms, necessitating a symptom-based understanding of the pathophysiology of FD. To investigate the correlation between reward circuit and symptom severity of PDS patients, seed (Nucleus accumbens, NAc, a key node in the reward circuit) based resting-state functional connectivity (FC) was applied in the neuroimaging data analysis. The results demonstrated that the patients with PDS manifested strengthened FC between NAc and the caudate, putamen, pallidum, amygdala, hippocampus, thalamus, anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), and insula. Moreover, the FC between NAc and ACC, insula, thalamus, and hippocampus exhibited significant positive associations with symptom severity. More importantly, the strengthened FC between NAc and the ACC, insula, amygdala, and hippocampus were found associated with the early satiety symptom of patients with PDS. This study indicated that the altered FC of reward circuit regions may play a role in the pathophysiology of patients with PDS, and some of the aberrant NAc-based FC within the reward circuit were more related to the early satiety of patients with PDS. These findings improve our symptom-based understanding of the central pathophysiology of FD, lay the groundwork for an objective diagnosis of FD, and shed light on the precise prescription for treating FD based on symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Zhang
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, China; Acupuncture and Brain Science Research Center, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, China; Key Laboratory of Acupuncture for Senile Disease (Chengdu University of TCM), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, 610075, China; Nervous System Disease Treatment Center, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Meishan, Meishan, 620032, Sichuan, China
| | - Yangke Mao
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, China; Acupuncture and Brain Science Research Center, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, China; Key Laboratory of Acupuncture for Senile Disease (Chengdu University of TCM), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, 610075, China
| | - Liangchao Gao
- Department of Radiology, Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Zilei Tian
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, China; Acupuncture and Brain Science Research Center, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, China; Key Laboratory of Acupuncture for Senile Disease (Chengdu University of TCM), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, 610075, China
| | - Ruirui Sun
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, China; Acupuncture and Brain Science Research Center, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, China; Key Laboratory of Acupuncture for Senile Disease (Chengdu University of TCM), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, 610075, China
| | - Yuqi He
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, China; Acupuncture and Brain Science Research Center, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, China; Key Laboratory of Acupuncture for Senile Disease (Chengdu University of TCM), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, 610075, China
| | - Peihong Ma
- Acupuncture and Brain Science Research Center, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, China; School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Beihong Dou
- Department of Radiology, Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yuan Chen
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, China
| | - Xiabing Zhang
- School of Intelligent Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, China
| | - Zhaoxuan He
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, China; Acupuncture and Brain Science Research Center, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, China; Key Laboratory of Acupuncture for Senile Disease (Chengdu University of TCM), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, 610075, China.
| | - Tao Yin
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, China; Acupuncture and Brain Science Research Center, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, China; Key Laboratory of Acupuncture for Senile Disease (Chengdu University of TCM), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, 610075, China.
| | - Fang Zeng
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, China; Acupuncture and Brain Science Research Center, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, China; Key Laboratory of Acupuncture for Senile Disease (Chengdu University of TCM), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, 610075, China.
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Chmiel J, Kurpas D, Rybakowski F, Leszek J. The Effectiveness of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) in Binge Eating Disorder (BED)-Review and Insight into the Mechanisms of Action. Nutrients 2024; 16:1521. [PMID: 38794759 PMCID: PMC11123682 DOI: 10.3390/nu16101521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Binge eating disorder (BED) is the most common eating disorder among those contributing to the development of obesity, and thus acts as a significant burden on the lives and health of patients. It is characterized by complex neurobiology, which includes changes in brain activity and neurotransmitter secretion. Existing treatments are moderately effective, and so the search for new therapies that are effective and safe is ongoing. AIM AND METHODS This review examines the use of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) in the treatment of binge eating disorder. Searches were conducted on the PubMed/Medline, Research Gate, and Cochrane databases. RESULTS Six studies were found that matched the review topic. All of them used the anodal stimulation of the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) in BED patients. tDCS proved effective in reducing food cravings, the desire to binge eat, the number of binging episodes, and food intake. It also improved the outcomes of inhibitory control and the treatment of eating disorder psychopathology. The potential mechanisms of action of tDCS in BED are explained, limitations in current research are outlined, and recommendations for future research are provided. CONCLUSIONS Preliminary evidence suggests that the anodal application of tDCS to the right DLPFC reduces the symptoms of BED. However, caution should be exercised in the broader use of tDCS in this context due to the small number of studies performed and the small number of patients included. Future studies should incorporate neuroimaging and neurophysiological measurements to elucidate the potential mechanisms of action of tDCS in BED.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Chmiel
- Institute of Neurofeedback and tDCS Poland, 70-393 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Donata Kurpas
- Department of Family and Pediatric Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Wrocław Medical University, 51-618 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Filip Rybakowski
- Department and Clinic of Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznań, Poland
| | - Jerzy Leszek
- Department and Clinic of Psychiatry, Wrocław Medical University, 54-235 Wrocław, Poland
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Lutz TA. Amylin, the Prefrontal Cortex, and Impulsive Eating. Biol Psychiatry 2024; 95:914-915. [PMID: 38692798 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2024.02.1008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A Lutz
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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Aleid S, Alshahrani NZ, Alsedrah S, Carvalho AB, Lima MJ, Teixeira-Lemos E, Raposo A. The Role of Social Media Advertisement and Physical Activity on Eating Behaviors among the General Population in Saudi Arabia. Nutrients 2024; 16:1215. [PMID: 38674905 PMCID: PMC11054689 DOI: 10.3390/nu16081215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Over the past few decades, people in Saudi Arabia have become less inclined to adopt active lifestyles and healthy eating habits due to the increasing use of digital technologies such as social media. The objective of this online-based cross-sectional study was to assess the role of social media food advertisements and physical activity on eating behaviors among the general population in Saudi Arabia (n = 471). Data were collected through a structured questionnaire, which consisted of four parts: (i) sociodemographic information, (ii) attitude towards social media, (iii) eating behaviors-related information, and (iv) exposure to and engagement with social media advertisements. The study's outcome variable, eating behaviors (healthy vs. unhealthy), was assessed using the following question: "Are you on a healthy diet (such as a balanced diet, keto, or low carb)?" A multiple binary logistic regression analysis was performed to investigate the factors that influence unhealthy eating behaviors. Approximately 79.6% of the participants had unhealthy eating behaviors. Participants who were not involved in daily physical activity were more likely to have unhealthy eating behaviors compared to their counterparts (adjusted odds ratio, AOR = 4.86). Participants who watched food ads on social media channels 1-3 times a week (AOR = 2.58) or daily (AOR = 3.49) were more likely to have unhealthy eating behaviors than their counterparts. Participants whose appetite to try foods increases always (AOR = 1.42) or usually (AOR = 2.88) after viewing ads on social media were more likely to have unhealthy eating behaviors. These findings suggest that policymakers should take immediate action to regulate food advertising policy to promote a healthy food environment across the country. Saudis should be encouraged to engage in more physical activity, which could support the maintenance of healthy eating patterns and lifestyles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Aleid
- Preventive Medicine Division, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh 11159, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.); (S.A.)
| | - Najim Z. Alshahrani
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Safa Alsedrah
- Preventive Medicine Division, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh 11159, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.); (S.A.)
| | - Ana Branca Carvalho
- ESTGL & CISeD—Research Centre in Digital Services, Polytechnic University of Viseu, 3504-510 Viseu, Portugal;
| | - Maria João Lima
- CERNAS-IPV Research Centre, Polytechnic University of Viseu, 3504-510 Viseu, Portugal; (M.J.L.); (E.T.-L.)
| | - Edite Teixeira-Lemos
- CERNAS-IPV Research Centre, Polytechnic University of Viseu, 3504-510 Viseu, Portugal; (M.J.L.); (E.T.-L.)
| | - António Raposo
- CBIOS (Research Center for Biosciences and Health Technologies), Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias, Campo Grande 376, 1749-024 Lisboa, Portugal
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DiFrancesco MW, Alsameen M, St-Onge MP, Duraccio KM, Beebe DW. Altered neuronal response to visual food stimuli in adolescents undergoing chronic sleep restriction. Sleep 2024; 47:zsad036. [PMID: 36805763 PMCID: PMC11009031 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsad036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Poor sleep in adolescents can increase the risk of obesity, possibly due to changes in dietary patterns. Prior neuroimaging evidence, mostly in adults, suggests that lacking sleep results in increased response to food cues in reward-processing brain regions. Needed is a clarification of the mechanisms by which food reward processing is altered by the kind of chronic sleep restriction (SR) typically experienced by adolescents. This study aimed to elucidate the impact of sleep duration on response to visual food stimuli in healthy adolescents using functional neuroimaging, hypothesizing increased reward processing response after SR compared to a well-rested condition. METHODS Thirty-nine healthy adolescents, 14-17 years old, completed a 3-week protocol: (1) sleep phase stabilization; (2) SR (~6.5 h nightly); and (3) healthy sleep (HS) duration (~9 h nightly). Participants underwent functional MRI while performing a visual food paradigm. Contrasts of food versus nonfood responses were compared within-subject between conditions of SR and HS. RESULTS Under SR, there was a greater response to food stimuli compared to HS in a voxel cluster including the left ventral tegmental area and substantia nigra. No change in food appeal rating due to the sleep manipulation was detected. CONCLUSIONS Outcomes of this study suggest that SR, as commonly experienced by healthy adolescents, results in the elevated dopaminergic drive of the reward network that may augment motivation to seek food in the context of individual food appeal and inhibitory profiles. Countermeasures that reduce food salience could include promoting consistent HS habits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark W DiFrancesco
- Imaging Research Center, Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, and University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Maryam Alsameen
- Department of Physics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Marie-Pierre St-Onge
- Sleep Center of Excellence and Division of General Medicine, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kara M Duraccio
- Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Dean W Beebe
- Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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Liu H, Zhao H, Liu K, Jia Z, Dong M, Cheng Y, Lv Y, Qu K, Gui W, Chen J, Zhang D, Fan Z, Yang X, Hu D, Xie H, Li M, Wen B, Chen S, Xu P, Rong Q, He Q, Ren Z, Yan F, Zhao H, Chen M, Yu T, Qu H, An X, Guo H, Zhang X, Pan X, Wang X, Qiu S, Zhang L, Zhao H, Pan X, Wan Q, Yan L, Liu J, Yu Z, Zhang M, Ran Y, Han X, Dong Z, Yu S. Association between Body Mass Index and Medication-Overuse Headache among Individuals with Migraine: A Cross-Sectional Study. Obes Facts 2024; 17:286-295. [PMID: 38569473 PMCID: PMC11149972 DOI: 10.1159/000538528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Medication-overuse headache (MOH) is a secondary chronic headache disorder that occurs in individuals with a pre-existing primary headache disorder, particularly migraine disorder. Obesity is often combined with chronic daily headaches and is considered a risk factor for the transformation of episodic headaches into chronic headaches. However, the association between obesity and MOH among individuals with migraine has rarely been studied. The present study explored the association between body mass index (BMI) and MOH in people living with migraine. METHODS This cross-sectional study is a secondary analysis of data from the Survey of Fibromyalgia Comorbidity with Headache study. Migraine and MOH were diagnosed using the criteria of the International Classification of Headache Disorders, 3rd Edition. BMI (kg/m2) is calculated by dividing the weight (kg) by the square of the height (m). Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the association between BMI and MOH. RESULTS A total of 2,251 individuals with migraine were included, of whom 8.7% (195/2,251) had a concomitant MOH. Multivariable logistic regression analysis, adjusted for age, sex, education level, headache duration, pain intensity, headache family history, chronic migraine, depression, anxiety, insomnia, and fibromyalgia, demonstrated there was an association between BMI (odds ratio [OR], 1.05; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01-1.11; p = 0.031) and MOH. The results remained when the BMI was transformed into a category. Compared to individuals with Q2 (18.5 kg/m2 ≤ BMI ≤23.9 kg/m2), those with Q4 (BMI ≥28 kg/m2) had an adjusted OR for MOH of 1.81 (95% CI, 1.04-3.17; p = 0.037). In the subgroup analyses, BMI was associated with MOH among aged more than 50 years (OR, 1.13; 95%, 1.03-1.24), less than high school (OR, 1.08; 95%, 1.01-1.15), without depression (OR, 1.06; 95%, 1.01-1.12), and without anxiety (OR, 1.06; 95%, 1.01-1.12). An association between BMI and MOH was found in a sensitivity analysis that BMI was classified into four categories according to the World Health Organization guidelines. CONCLUSION In this cross-sectional study, BMI was associated with MOH in Chinese individuals with migraine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanxian Liu
- Department of Neurology, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- International Headache Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hongru Zhao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Kaiming Liu
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhihua Jia
- Department of Neurology, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- International Headache Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Dong
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yingying Cheng
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yudan Lv
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Kang Qu
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wei Gui
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Jianjun Chen
- Department of Neurology, Lishui Municipal Central Hospital, Lishui, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhiliang Fan
- Department of Neurology, Xing Tai People's Hospital, Xingtai, China
| | - Xiaosu Yang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Dongmei Hu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Hongyan Xie
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Mingxin Li
- Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Bing Wen
- Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Sufen Chen
- Department of Neurology, Changsha Central Hospital Affiliated to the University of South China, Changsha, China
| | - Peng Xu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Qingqing Rong
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Qiu He
- Department of Neurology, The People's Hospital of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhanxiu Ren
- Department of Neurology, The People's Hospital of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Fanhong Yan
- Department of Neurology, Linyi Jinluo Hospital, Linyi, China
| | - Heling Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Linyi Jinluo Hospital, Linyi, China
| | - Min Chen
- Department of Neurology, Zhengzhou University First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Tingmin Yu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hongli Qu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xingkai An
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Huailian Guo
- Department of Neurology, People's Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinhua Zhang
- Department of Neurology, People's Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoping Pan
- Department of Neurology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaojuan Wang
- Department of Neurology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shi Qiu
- Department of Neurology, Aerospace Center Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lvming Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Aerospace Center Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hongling Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Da Lian Municipal Central Hospital, Dalian, China
| | - Xin Pan
- Department of Neurology, Da Lian Municipal Central Hospital, Dalian, China
| | - Qi Wan
- Department of Neurology, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Lanyun Yan
- Department of Neurology, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Neurology, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- International Headache Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhe Yu
- Department of Neurology, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- International Headache Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Mingjie Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- International Headache Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ye Ran
- Department of Neurology, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- International Headache Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xun Han
- Department of Neurology, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- International Headache Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhao Dong
- Department of Neurology, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- International Headache Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shengyuan Yu
- Department of Neurology, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- International Headache Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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Motger-Albertí A, de la Calle E, Giménez M, Blasco G, Biarnés C, Arnoriaga-Rodríguez M, Puig J, Coll-Martínez C, Contreras-Rodríguez O, Fernández-Real JM. Increased brain fractional perfusion in obesity using intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) MRI metrics. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2024; 32:756-767. [PMID: 38383843 DOI: 10.1002/oby.24001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This research seeks to shed light on the associations between brain perfusion, cognitive function, and mental health in individuals with and without obesity. METHODS In this study, we employed the noninvasive intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique to examine brain fractional perfusion (FP) in two groups: individuals with obesity (N = 72) and healthy controls (N = 66). Additionally, we investigated potential associations between FP, cognitive function, and depressive symptoms in the participants with and without obesity. Finally, artificial intelligence algorithms (Boruta analysis) were also used. RESULTS Participants with obesity exhibited increased FP within dopaminergic brain circuits, particularly involving prefrontal cortex areas, anterior and posterior sections of the cingulate cortex, the right striatum, and the midbrain. Additionally, these individuals demonstrated lower working memory and higher depressive symptoms compared to the control group. Notably, higher FP in the inferior temporal and occipital cortices correlated with greater depressive symptoms, whereas increased FP in the right ventral caudate and the midbrain was associated with better working memory performance. A link between inflammatory and metabolic variables, with a particular emphasis on monocytes, and FP in obesity was also evidenced by Boruta analysis. CONCLUSIONS Increased brain perfusion in individuals with obesity is associated with cognitive function and mental health through interaction with metabolic and inflammatory factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Motger-Albertí
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Nutrition (UDEN), Girona Biomedical Research Institute, Josep Trueta University Hospital, Girona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Girona, Spain
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Elena de la Calle
- Department of Radiology-Medical Imaging, Girona Biomedical Research Institute, Josep Trueta University Hospital, Girona, Spain
| | - Mònica Giménez
- Department of Radiology-Medical Imaging, Girona Biomedical Research Institute, Josep Trueta University Hospital, Girona, Spain
| | - Gerard Blasco
- Department of Radiology-Medical Imaging, Girona Biomedical Research Institute, Josep Trueta University Hospital, Girona, Spain
| | - Carles Biarnés
- Department of Radiology-Medical Imaging, Girona Biomedical Research Institute, Josep Trueta University Hospital, Girona, Spain
| | - María Arnoriaga-Rodríguez
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Nutrition (UDEN), Girona Biomedical Research Institute, Josep Trueta University Hospital, Girona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Girona, Spain
| | - Josep Puig
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
- Department of Radiology-Medical Imaging, Girona Biomedical Research Institute, Josep Trueta University Hospital, Girona, Spain
| | - Clàudia Coll-Martínez
- Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit, Department of Neurology, Josep Trueta University Hospital, Girona, Spain
- Neurodegeneration and Neuroinflammation Research Group, Girona Biomedical Research Institute, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Oren Contreras-Rodríguez
- Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
- CIBER de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - José Manuel Fernández-Real
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Nutrition (UDEN), Girona Biomedical Research Institute, Josep Trueta University Hospital, Girona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Girona, Spain
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
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Purnell JQ, le Roux CW. Hypothalamic control of body fat mass by food intake: The key to understanding why obesity should be treated as a disease. Diabetes Obes Metab 2024; 26 Suppl 2:3-12. [PMID: 38351898 DOI: 10.1111/dom.15478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypothalamic centres have been recognized to play a central role in body weight regulation for nearly 70 years. AIMS In this review, we will explore the current undersanding of the role the hypothalamus plays in controlling food intake behaviours. MATERIALS AND METHODS Review of relevant literature from PubMed searches and review article citations. RESULTS Beginning with autopsy studies showing destructive hypothalamic lesions in patients manifesting hyperphagia and rapid weight gain, followed by animal lesioning studies pinpointing adjacent hypothalamic sites as the 'satiety' centre and the 'feeding' centre of the brain, the neurocircuitry that governs our body weight is now understood to consist of a complex, interconnected network, including the hypothalamus and extending to cortical sites, reward centres and brainstem. Neurons in these sites receive afferent signals from the gastrointestinal tract and adipose tissue indicating food availability, calorie content, as well as body fat mass. DISCUSSION Integration of these complex signals leads to modulation of the two prime effector systems that defend a body fat mass set point: food intake and energy expenditure. CONCLUSION Understanding the hypothalamic control of food intake forms the foundation for understanding and managing obesity as a chronic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Q Purnell
- Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Carel W le Roux
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Brand J, Yeum D, Stewart T, Emond JA, Gilbert-Diamond D. The associations between attentional bias to food cues, parent-report appetitive traits, and concurrent adiposity among adolescents. Eat Behav 2024; 53:101874. [PMID: 38636439 PMCID: PMC11144077 DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2024.101874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess whether attentional bias to food cues and appetitive traits are independently and interactively associated with adiposity in adolescents. METHOD Eighty-five adolescents, 14-17-years had their attentional bias to food images measured in a sated state by computing eye tracking measures of attention (first fixation duration, cumulative fixation duration) to food and control distractor images that bordered a computer game. Parents reported adolescent appetitive traits including the food approach domains of enjoyment of food, food responsiveness, emotional overeating, and the food avoidance domains of satiety responsiveness and emotional overeating through the Children's Eating Behavior Questionnaire. RESULTS First fixation bias to food cues was positively associated with enjoyment of food, and negatively associated with satiety responsiveness. In a series of regression models adjusted for relevant covariates, first fixation bias to food cues (β = 0.83, p = 0.007), higher food responsiveness (β = 0.74, p < 0.001), higher emotional overeating (β = 0.51, p = 0.002), and a composite appetite score (β = 1.42, p < 0.001) were each significantly associated with greater BMI z-scores. In models assessing the interactive effects between attentional bias and appetitive traits, higher first fixation bias to food cues interacted synergistically with food responsiveness and emotional overeating in relation to BMI z-score. A synergistic interaction between first fixation bias to food cues and the composite appetite score in relation to BMI z-score was also observed. CONCLUSION Individuals with high attentional bias to food cues and obesogenic appetitive traits may be particularly susceptible to weight gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Brand
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States; Dartmouth Cancer Center, Lebanon, NH, United States.
| | - Dabin Yeum
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States
| | - Tessa Stewart
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States
| | - Jennifer A Emond
- Department of Pediatrics, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States; Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States
| | - Diane Gilbert-Diamond
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States; Dartmouth Cancer Center, Lebanon, NH, United States; Department of Pediatrics, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States; Department of Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, United States
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Kullmann S, Zhao S, Semeia L, Veit R, Luo S, Angelo B, Chow T, Birkenfeld A, Preissl H, Xiang A, Page K. Exposure to gestational diabetes mellitus in utero impacts hippocampal functional connectivity in response to food cues in children. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-3953330. [PMID: 38559106 PMCID: PMC10980092 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3953330/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Objectives Intrauterine exposure to gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) increases the risk of obesity in the offspring, but little is known about the underlying neural mechanisms. The hippocampus is crucial for food intake regulation and is vulnerable to the effects of obesity. The purpose of the study was to investigate whether GDM exposure affects hippocampal functional connectivity during exposure to food cues using functional magnetic resonance imaging. Methods Participants were 90 children age 7-11 years (53 females) who underwent an fMRI-based visual food cue task in the fasted state. Hippocampal functional connectivity (FC) was examined using generalized psychophysiological interaction in response to high-calorie food versus non-food cues. Food-cue induced hippocampal FC was compared between children with and without GDM exposure, while controlling for possible confounding effects of age, sex and waist-to-hip ratio. Results Children with GDM exposure exhibited stronger hippocampal FC to the insula and striatum (i.e., putamen, pallidum and nucleus accumbens) compared to unexposed children, while viewing high caloric food cues. Conclusions Intrauterine exposure to GDM was associated with higher food-cue induced hippocampal FC to reward processing regions. Future studies with longitudinal measurements are needed to clarify whether increased hippocampal FC to reward processing regions may raise the risk of the development of metabolic diseases later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Brendan Angelo
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California
| | - Ting Chow
- Kaiser Permanente Southern California
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Clare K, Park K, Pan Y, Lejuez CW, Volkow ND, Du C. Neurovascular effects of cocaine: relevance to addiction. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1357422. [PMID: 38455961 PMCID: PMC10917943 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1357422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Cocaine is a highly addictive drug, and its use is associated with adverse medical consequences such as cerebrovascular accidents that result in debilitating neurological complications. Indeed, brain imaging studies have reported severe reductions in cerebral blood flow (CBF) in cocaine misusers when compared to the brains of healthy non-drug using controls. Such CBF deficits are likely to disrupt neuro-vascular interaction and contribute to changes in brain function. This review aims to provide an overview of cocaine-induced CBF changes and its implication to brain function and to cocaine addiction, including its effects on tissue metabolism and neuronal activity. Finally, we discuss implications for future research, including targeted pharmacological interventions and neuromodulation to limit cocaine use and mitigate the negative impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Clare
- New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
| | - Kicheon Park
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
| | - Yingtian Pan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
| | - Carl W. Lejuez
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
| | - Nora D. Volkow
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Congwu Du
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
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Kim MS, Pickering TA, Cotter DL, Fraga NR, Luo S, Won CY, Geffner ME, Herting MM. Neural Correlates of Obesity and Inflammation in Children and Adolescents with Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia. Horm Res Paediatr 2024:000537847. [PMID: 38373413 PMCID: PMC11331025 DOI: 10.1159/000537847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Patients with classical congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency exhibit an increased prevalence of obesity from childhood including central adiposity and inflammation. There is also an emerging affected brain phenotype in CAH, with decreased cortico-limbic gray matter volumes and white matter abnormalities. We aimed to study the relationship between brain structure, obesity, and inflammation in children and adolescents with CAH compared to controls. METHODS 27 CAH (12.6±3.4y, 16 females) and 35 controls (13.0±2.8y, 20 females) had MRI of gray matter regions of interest [prefrontal cortex (PFC), amygdala, hippocampus] and white matter microstructure [fornix, stria terminalis (ST)]. Anthropometric measures and lab analytes were obtained. Relaimpo analyses (relative importance for linear regression; percent variance) identified which brain structures were most different between groups. Subsequent regressions further quantified the magnitude and direction of these relationships. Correlations analyzed relationships between brain structure, obesity, and inflammation in the context of CAH status. RESULTS PFC (13.3% variance) and its superior frontal (SF) subregion (14%) were most different between CAH and controls for gray matter; ST (16%) for white matter. Patients with CAH had lower caudal middle frontal [β = -0.56, (-0.96, -0.15)] and superior frontal [β = -0.58 (-0.92, -0.25)] subregion volumes, increased orientation dispersion index in the fornix [β = 0.56 (0.01, 1.10)] and ST [β = 0.85 (0.34, 1.36)], and decreased fractional anisotropy in the fornix [β = -0.91 (-1.42, -0.42)] and ST [β = -0.83 (-1.34, -0.33)] (all p's <0.05) indicating axonal disorganization, reduced myelin content, and/or higher microglial density within the affected white matter tracts. For the full cohort, SF was correlated with MCP-1 (r=-0.41), visceral adipose tissue (r=-0.25), and waist-to-height ratio (r=-0.27, all p's <0.05); ST was correlated with MCP-1 (r=0.31) and TNF-α (r= 0.29, all p's <0.05); however, after adjusting for CAH status, almost all correlations were attenuated for significance. CONCLUSIONS Relationships among key brain structures, body composition and inflammatory markers in pediatric patients with CAH could be largely driven by having CAH, with implications for obesity and neuroinflammation in this high-risk population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mimi S. Kim
- Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- The Saban Research Institute at Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Trevor A. Pickering
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Devyn L. Cotter
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Nicole R. Fraga
- Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Shan Luo
- Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Cindy Y. Won
- Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mitchell E. Geffner
- Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- The Saban Research Institute at Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Megan M. Herting
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Carbone EA, Caroleo M, Rania M, de Filippis R, Condoleo F, Catalano F, Aloi M, De Fazio P, Arturi F, Hribal ML, Fiorentino TV, Segura-Garcia C. Influence of NUCB/Nesfatin-1 Polymorphism on Treatment Response to Naltrexone/Bupropion SR in Binge Eating Disorder and Obesity. Biomedicines 2024; 12:451. [PMID: 38398053 PMCID: PMC10887296 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12020451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The NUCB2 gene and its polymorphisms were identified as novel players in the regulation of food intake, potentially leading to obesity (OBE) and altered eating behaviors. Naltrexone/bupropion SR (NB) showed good efficacy and tolerability for treating OBE and altered eating behaviors associated with binge eating disorder (BED). This prospective study investigates the influence of NUCB2 gene polymorphism on NB treatment response in OBE and BED. Materials and Methods: Body mass index (BMI), eating (EDE-Q, BES, NEQ, GQ, Y-FAS 2.0) and general psychopathology (BDI, STAI-S) were evaluated at baseline (t0) and after 16 weeks (t1) of NB treatment in patients with OBE and BED (Group 1; N = 22) vs. patients with OBE without BED (Group 2; N = 20). Differences were evaluated according to the rs757081 NUCB2 gene polymorphism. Results: NUCB2 polymorphism was equally distributed between groups. Although weight at t0 was higher in Group 1, weight loss was similar at t1 in both groups. BMI was not influenced by NUCB2 polymorphism. In Group 1, the CG-genotype reported significant improvement in eating psychopathology while the GG-genotype reported improvement only for FA. No differences were observed in Group 2. Conclusions: Patients diagnosed with BED and treated with NB exhibited a more favorable treatment response within the CG-genotype of the NUCB2 polymorphism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvira Anna Carbone
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (E.A.C.); (F.C.); (F.A.); (M.L.H.); (T.V.F.)
| | - Mariarita Caroleo
- Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy (M.A.); (P.D.F.)
| | - Marianna Rania
- Center for Clinical Research and Treatment of Eating Disorders, University Hospital Renato Dulbecco, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
| | - Renato de Filippis
- Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy (M.A.); (P.D.F.)
| | - Francesca Condoleo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (E.A.C.); (F.C.); (F.A.); (M.L.H.); (T.V.F.)
| | - Federica Catalano
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (E.A.C.); (F.C.); (F.A.); (M.L.H.); (T.V.F.)
| | - Matteo Aloi
- Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy (M.A.); (P.D.F.)
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Pasquale De Fazio
- Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy (M.A.); (P.D.F.)
| | - Franco Arturi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (E.A.C.); (F.C.); (F.A.); (M.L.H.); (T.V.F.)
| | - Marta Letizia Hribal
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (E.A.C.); (F.C.); (F.A.); (M.L.H.); (T.V.F.)
| | - Teresa Vanessa Fiorentino
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (E.A.C.); (F.C.); (F.A.); (M.L.H.); (T.V.F.)
| | - Cristina Segura-Garcia
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (E.A.C.); (F.C.); (F.A.); (M.L.H.); (T.V.F.)
- Center for Clinical Research and Treatment of Eating Disorders, University Hospital Renato Dulbecco, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
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Le GH, Kwan ATH, Wong S, Guo Z, Teopiz KM, Badulescu S, Meshkat S, d'Andrea G, Ho R, Rhee TG, Cao B, Phan L, Rosenblat JD, Mansur RB, Subramaniapillai M, McIntyre RS. Impact of Elevated Body Mass Index (BMI) on Hedonic Tone in Persons with Post-COVID-19 Condition: A Secondary Analysis. Adv Ther 2024; 41:686-695. [PMID: 38114867 DOI: 10.1007/s12325-023-02760-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The post-COVID-19 condition (PCC) is characterized by persistent, distressing symptoms following an acute COVID-19 infection. These symptoms encompass various domains, including hedonic tone, which is critical for overall well-being. Furthermore, obesity is both a risk factor for COVID-19 and PCC and associated with impaired hedonic tone. This study aims to investigate whether elevated body mass index (BMI) is associated with hedonic tone in persons with PCC. METHODS We perform a post hoc analysis of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial investigating the impact of vortioxetine on cognitive impairment in persons with PCC. Statistical analysis of baseline data using a generalized linear model was undertaken to determine the relationship of BMI to hedonic tone measured by Snaith-Hamilton Pleasure Scale (SHAPS) scores. The model was adjusted for covariates including age, sex, race, suspected versus confirmed COVID-19 cases, alcohol amount consumed per week, and annual household income. RESULTS The baseline data of 147 participants were available for analysis. BMI had a statistically significant positive association with baseline SHAPS total scores (β = 0.003, 95% CI [6.251E-5, 0.006], p = 0.045), indicating elevated BMI is associated with deficits in self-reported reward system functioning. CONCLUSION Higher BMI is associated with greater deficits in hedonic tone in persons with PCC, which may impact reward functioning processes such as reward prediction and processing. The mediatory effect of BMI on reward function underscores the need to investigate the neurobiologic interactions to elucidate preventative and therapeutic interventions for persons with PCC. Therapeutic development targeting debilitating features of PCC (e.g., motivation, cognitive dysfunction) could consider stratification on the basis of baseline BMI. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT05047952.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gia Han Le
- Brain and Cognition Discovery Foundation, 77 Bloor Street West, Suite 617, Toronto, ON, M5S 1M2, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Angela T H Kwan
- Brain and Cognition Discovery Foundation, 77 Bloor Street West, Suite 617, Toronto, ON, M5S 1M2, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Sabrina Wong
- Brain and Cognition Discovery Foundation, 77 Bloor Street West, Suite 617, Toronto, ON, M5S 1M2, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ziji Guo
- Brain and Cognition Discovery Foundation, 77 Bloor Street West, Suite 617, Toronto, ON, M5S 1M2, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kayla M Teopiz
- Brain and Cognition Discovery Foundation, 77 Bloor Street West, Suite 617, Toronto, ON, M5S 1M2, Canada
| | - Sebastian Badulescu
- Brain and Cognition Discovery Foundation, 77 Bloor Street West, Suite 617, Toronto, ON, M5S 1M2, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Shakila Meshkat
- Brain and Cognition Discovery Foundation, 77 Bloor Street West, Suite 617, Toronto, ON, M5S 1M2, Canada
| | - Giacomo d'Andrea
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Roger Ho
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Institute for Health Innovation and Technology (iHealthtech), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Taeho Greg Rhee
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Bing Cao
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Faculty of Psychology, Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Lee Phan
- Brain and Cognition Discovery Foundation, 77 Bloor Street West, Suite 617, Toronto, ON, M5S 1M2, Canada
| | - Joshua D Rosenblat
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Rodrigo B Mansur
- Brain and Cognition Discovery Foundation, 77 Bloor Street West, Suite 617, Toronto, ON, M5S 1M2, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mehala Subramaniapillai
- Brain and Cognition Discovery Foundation, 77 Bloor Street West, Suite 617, Toronto, ON, M5S 1M2, Canada
| | - Roger S McIntyre
- Brain and Cognition Discovery Foundation, 77 Bloor Street West, Suite 617, Toronto, ON, M5S 1M2, Canada.
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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Kaiya H. Update on Feeding Regulation by Ghrelin in Birds: Focused on Brain Network. Zoolog Sci 2024; 41:39-49. [PMID: 38587516 DOI: 10.2108/zs230071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Ghrelin is known to be a feeding stimulatory hormone in mammals, but in birds, in contrast to mammals, the feeding behavior is regulated in inhibitory manners. This is because the neuropeptides associated with the regulation in the brain are different from those in mammals, i.e., it has been shown that, in chickens, a corticotropin-releasing hormone family peptide, urocortin, which is a feeding-inhibitory peptide, is mainly involved in the inhibitory mechanism. However, feeding is also regulated by various neurotransmitters in the brain, and recently, their interaction with the mechanisms underlying feeding inhibition by ghrelin in birds has been intensively studied and clarified. This review summarizes these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Kaiya
- Grandsoul Research Institute for Immunology, Inc., Utano, Uda, Nara 633-2221, Japan,
- Faculty of Science, University of Toyama, Toyama, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
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Hu Y, Li G, Zhang W, Wang J, Ji W, Yu J, Han Y, Cui G, Wang H, Manza P, Volkow N, Ji G, Wang GJ, Zhang Y. Obesity is associated with alterations in anatomical connectivity of frontal-corpus callosum. Cereb Cortex 2024; 34:bhae014. [PMID: 38300178 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhae014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity has been linked to abnormal frontal function, including the white matter fibers of anterior portion of the corpus callosum, which is crucial for information exchange within frontal cortex. However, alterations in white matter anatomical connectivity between corpus callosum and cortical regions in patients with obesity have not yet been investigated. Thus, we enrolled 72 obese and 60 age-/gender-matched normal weight participants who underwent clinical measurements and diffusion tensor imaging. Probabilistic tractography with connectivity-based classification was performed to segment the corpus callosum and quantify white matter anatomical connectivity between subregions of corpus callosum and cortical regions, and associations between corpus callosum-cortex white matter anatomical connectivity and clinical behaviors were also assessed. Relative to normal weight individuals, individuals with obesity exhibited significantly greater white matter anatomical connectivity of corpus callosum-orbitofrontal cortex, which was positively correlated with body mass index and self-reported disinhibition of eating behavior, and lower white matter anatomical connectivity of corpus callosum-prefrontal cortex, which was significantly negatively correlated with craving for high-calorie food cues. The findings show that alterations in white matter anatomical connectivity between corpus callosum and frontal regions involved in reward and executive control are associated with abnormal eating behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Hu
- Center for Brain Imaging, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University & Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging, Ministry of Education, 266 Xinglong Section of Xifeng Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710126, China
- International Joint Research Center for Advanced Medical Imaging and Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment & Xi'an Key Laboratory of Intelligent Sensing and Regulation of trans-Scale Life Information, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, 266 Xinglong Section of Xifeng Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710126, China
| | - Guanya Li
- Center for Brain Imaging, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University & Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging, Ministry of Education, 266 Xinglong Section of Xifeng Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710126, China
- International Joint Research Center for Advanced Medical Imaging and Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment & Xi'an Key Laboratory of Intelligent Sensing and Regulation of trans-Scale Life Information, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, 266 Xinglong Section of Xifeng Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710126, China
| | - Wenchao Zhang
- Center for Brain Imaging, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University & Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging, Ministry of Education, 266 Xinglong Section of Xifeng Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710126, China
- International Joint Research Center for Advanced Medical Imaging and Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment & Xi'an Key Laboratory of Intelligent Sensing and Regulation of trans-Scale Life Information, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, 266 Xinglong Section of Xifeng Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710126, China
| | - Jia Wang
- Center for Brain Imaging, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University & Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging, Ministry of Education, 266 Xinglong Section of Xifeng Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710126, China
- International Joint Research Center for Advanced Medical Imaging and Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment & Xi'an Key Laboratory of Intelligent Sensing and Regulation of trans-Scale Life Information, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, 266 Xinglong Section of Xifeng Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710126, China
| | - Weibin Ji
- Center for Brain Imaging, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University & Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging, Ministry of Education, 266 Xinglong Section of Xifeng Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710126, China
- International Joint Research Center for Advanced Medical Imaging and Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment & Xi'an Key Laboratory of Intelligent Sensing and Regulation of trans-Scale Life Information, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, 266 Xinglong Section of Xifeng Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710126, China
| | - Juan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Yu Han
- Department of Radiology, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, 4 Xinsi Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710038, China
| | - Guangbin Cui
- Department of Radiology, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, 4 Xinsi Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710038, China
| | - Haoyi Wang
- College of Westa, Southwest University, 2 Tiansheng Road, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Peter Manza
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, 10 Center Drive, MSC1013, Building 10, Room B2L304, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Nora Volkow
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, 10 Center Drive, MSC1013, Building 10, Room B2L304, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Gang Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Gene-Jack Wang
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, 10 Center Drive, MSC1013, Building 10, Room B2L304, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yi Zhang
- Center for Brain Imaging, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University & Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging, Ministry of Education, 266 Xinglong Section of Xifeng Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710126, China
- International Joint Research Center for Advanced Medical Imaging and Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment & Xi'an Key Laboratory of Intelligent Sensing and Regulation of trans-Scale Life Information, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, 266 Xinglong Section of Xifeng Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710126, China
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Li W, Chen X, Luo Y, Xiao M, Liu Y, Chen H. Altered connectivity patterns of medial and lateral orbitofrontal cortex underlie the severity of bulimic symptoms. Int J Clin Health Psychol 2024; 24:100439. [PMID: 38226007 PMCID: PMC10788814 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijchp.2024.100439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Compared to clinical bulimia nervosa, sub-threshold bulimic symptoms are becoming more prevalent in non-clinical or general population, which is repeatedly linked with the connectivity in orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), including functionally heterogeneous the medial and lateral OFC (mOFC; lOFC). However, the specific connectivity patterns of the mOFC and lOFC in individuals with severe or mild bulimic symptoms (SB; MB) remain poorly understood. Methods We first utilized resting-state functional connectivity (FC) and spectral dynamic causal modeling (spDCM) to investigate abnormal functional and effective connectivity (EC) of OFC subregions in adults with different severity of bulimic. The SB group (n = 21), MB group (n = 114), and healthy controls (HC, n = 91) underwent rs-fMRI scans. A generalized linear model was applied to determine the OFC-seeded whole-brain FC across the three groups. Subsequently, spDCM was used to estimate differences in EC among the three groups based on the FC results. Results We observed a shared neural basis for SB and MB groups (i.e., weaker lOFC-superior parietal lobule connectivity), which may support the role of dysfunctional inhibitory control in general bulimic symptomatology. Whereas, SB group displayed greater lOFC-occipital pole connectivity than MB group, suggesting the specificity of the neural correlates of full-threshold/severe bulimia. The directional links from the mOFC to lOFC and amygdala could further explain the aberrant interactions of reward sensitivity with inhibitory control and homeostatic energy in sub-threshold/mild condition. Conclusion The current study provides novel evidence that divergent connectivity patterns of the lOFC and mOFC may contribute to different severities of bulimia, which will expands our understanding of the neurobiological substrates underlying bulimia across a spectrum from healthy to unhealthy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Ximei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yijun Luo
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Mingyue Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Research Center of Psychology and Social Development, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
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Campos A, Marek T, Calderon G, Ghusn W, Cifuentes L, Sim LA, Camilleri M, Dayyeh BA, Port JD, Acosta A. Neurohormonal response patterns to hunger, satiation, and postprandial fullness in normal weight, anorexia nervosa, and obesity. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2024; 36:e14695. [PMID: 37926943 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.14695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Food intake is regulated by homeostatic and hedonic systems that interact in a complex neuro-hormonal network. Dysregulation in energy intake can lead to obesity (OB) or anorexia nervosa (AN). However, little is known about the neurohormonal response patterns to food intake in normal weight (NW), OB, and AN. MATERIAL & METHODS During an ad libitum nutrient drink (Ensure®) test (NDT), participants underwent three pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling (pCASL) MRI scans. The first scan was performed before starting the NDT after a > 12 h overnight fast (Hunger), the second after reaching maximal fullness (Satiation), and the third 30-min after satiation (postprandial fullness). We measured blood levels of ghrelin, cholecystokinin (CCK), glucagon-like peptide (GLP-1), and peptide YY (PYY) with every pCASL-MRI scan. Semiquantitative cerebral blood flow (CBF) maps in mL/100 gr brain/min were calculated and normalized (nCBF) with the CBF in the frontoparietal white matter. The hypothalamus (HT), nucleus accumbens [NAc] and dorsal striatum [DS] were selected as regions of interest (ROIs). RESULTS A total of 53 participants, 7 with AN, 17 with NW (body-mass index [BMI] 18.5-24.9 kg/m2 ), and 29 with OB (BMI ≥30 kg/m2 ) completed the study. The NW group had a progressive decrease in all five ROIs during the three stages of food intake (hunger, satiation, and post-prandial fullness). In contrast, participants with OB showed a minimal change from hunger to postprandial fullness in all five ROIs. The AN group had a sustained nCBF in the HT and DS, from hunger to satiation, with a subsequent decrease in nCBF from satiation to postprandial fullness. All three groups had similar hormonal response patterns with a decrease in ghrelin, an increase in GLP-1 and PYY, and no change in CCK. CONCLUSION Conditions of regulated (NW) and dysregulated (OB and AN) energy intake are associated with distinctive neurohormonal activity patterns in response to hunger, satiation, and postprandial fullness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Campos
- Precision Medicine for Obesity Program, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Tomas Marek
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Gerardo Calderon
- Precision Medicine for Obesity Program, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Wissam Ghusn
- Precision Medicine for Obesity Program, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Lizeth Cifuentes
- Precision Medicine for Obesity Program, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Leslie A Sim
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Michael Camilleri
- Precision Medicine for Obesity Program, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Barham Abu Dayyeh
- Precision Medicine for Obesity Program, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - John D Port
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Andres Acosta
- Precision Medicine for Obesity Program, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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Flores MR, Zúñiga SS. Endogenous Opioids in the Homeostatic Regulation of Hunger, Satiety, and Hedonic Eating: Neurobiological Foundations. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2024; 35:315-327. [PMID: 38874730 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-45493-6_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
This chapter (part one of a trilogy) summarizes the neurobiological foundations of endogenous opioids in the regulation of energy balance and eating behavior, dysregulation of which translates to maladaptive dietary responses in individuals with obesity and eating disorders, including anorexia, bulimia, and binge eating disorder. Knowledge of these neurobiological foundations is vital to researchers' and clinicians' understanding of pathophysiology as well as the science-based development of multidisciplinary diagnoses and treatments for obesity and eating disorders. We highlight mechanisms of endogenous opioids in both homeostatic and hedonic feeding behavior, review research on the dysregulation of food reward that plays a role in a wide array of obesity and disordered eating, and the clinical implications of neurobiological responses to food for current science-based treatments for obesity and eating disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Rodriguez Flores
- Obesity and Eating Disorders Clinic, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Tlalpan, Mexico
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - Sylvana Stephano Zúñiga
- Obesity and Eating Disorders Clinic, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Tlalpan, Mexico
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Zhou J, Wu X, Xiang T, Liu F, Gao H, Tong L, Yan B, Li Z, Zhang C, Wang L, Ou L, Li Z, Wang W, Yang T, Li F, Ma H, Zhao X, Mi N, Yu Z, Lan C, Wang Q, Li H, Wang L, Wang X, Li Y, Zeng Q. Dynamical alterations of brain function and gut microbiome in weight loss. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1269548. [PMID: 38173792 PMCID: PMC10761423 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1269548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Intermittent energy restriction (IER) is an effective weight loss strategy. However, little is known about the dynamic effects of IER on the brain-gut-microbiome axis. Methods In this study, a total of 25 obese individuals successfully lost weight after a 2-month IER intervention. FMRI was used to determine the activity of brain regions. Metagenomic sequencing was performed to identify differentially abundant gut microbes and pathways in from fecal samples. Results Our results showed that IER longitudinally reduced the activity of obese-related brain regions at different timepoints, including the inferior frontal orbital gyrus in the cognitive control circuit, the putamen in the emotion and learning circuit, and the anterior cingulate cortex in the sensory circuit. IER longitudinally reduced E. coli abundance across multiple timepoints while elevating the abundance of obesity-related Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Parabacteroides distasonis, and Bacterokles uniformis. Correlation analysis revealed longitudinally correlations between gut bacteria abundance alterations and brain activity changes. Conclusions There was dynamical alteration of BGM axis (the communication of E. coli with specific brain regions) during the weight loss under the IER.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhou
- Henan Provincial Research Center of Clinical Medicine of Nephropathy, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou University People’s Hospital, Henan University People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaoling Wu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Henan Key Laboratory of Chronic Disease Health Management, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou University People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Tianyuan Xiang
- Health Management Institute, The Second Medical Center & National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Liu
- Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Gao
- Henan Key Laboratory of Imaging and Intelligent Processing, People’s Liberation Army (PLA) Strategic Support Force Information Engineering University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Li Tong
- Henan Key Laboratory of Imaging and Intelligent Processing, People’s Liberation Army (PLA) Strategic Support Force Information Engineering University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Bin Yan
- Henan Key Laboratory of Imaging and Intelligent Processing, People’s Liberation Army (PLA) Strategic Support Force Information Engineering University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Zhonglin Li
- Department of Radiology, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Imaging and Intelligent Processing, People’s Liberation Army (PLA) Strategic Support Force Information Engineering University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Linyuan Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Imaging and Intelligent Processing, People’s Liberation Army (PLA) Strategic Support Force Information Engineering University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Lei Ou
- Health Management Institute, The Second Medical Center & National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongxia Li
- BYHEALTH Institute of Nutrition & Health, BYHEALTH Co. Ltd, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wen Wang
- Department of Nutrition, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou University People’s Hospital, Henan, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Tingting Yang
- Department of Nutrition, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou University People’s Hospital, Henan, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Fengyun Li
- Department of Health Management, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou University People’s Hospital, Henan University People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Huimin Ma
- Department of Health Management, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou University People’s Hospital, Henan University People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xiaojuan Zhao
- Department of Health Management, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou University People’s Hospital, Henan University People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Na Mi
- Department of Health Management, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou University People’s Hospital, Henan University People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Ziya Yu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Imaging and Intelligent Processing, People’s Liberation Army (PLA) Strategic Support Force Information Engineering University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Canhui Lan
- Beijing Rexinchang Biotechnology Research Institute Co. Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Cuiying Biomedical Research Center, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Health Management, Fuwai Central China Cardiovascular Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Liming Wang
- Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoning Wang
- The Institute of Geriatrics, The State Clinic Center for Geriatrics & The State Key Laboratory of Kidney, The People’s Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yongli Li
- Department of Health Management, Henan Key Laboratory of Chronic Disease Management, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou University People’s Hospital, Henan University People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Qiang Zeng
- Health Management Institute, The Second Medical Center & National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China
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Pak K, Nummenmaa L. Brain dopamine receptor system is not altered in obesity: Bayesian and frequentist meta-analyses. Hum Brain Mapp 2023; 44:6552-6560. [PMID: 37950852 PMCID: PMC10681634 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.26534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Feeding induces dopamine release in the striatum, and a dysfunction of the dopaminergic reward system can lead to overeating, and obesity. Studies have reported inconsistent findings of dopamine receptor (DR) positron emission tomography scans in obesity. Here we investigated the association between DR availability and overweight/obesity using Bayesian and frequentist meta-analysis. We performed a systematic search of Embase, Medline, Scopus and Web of Science for studies that compared striatal DR availability between lean subjects and overweight/obese subjects. The standardized mean difference (Hedge's g) of DR availability was calculated after extraction of data from each study. Studies were divided into two groups according to the definition of overweight/obese subjects (body mass index [BMI] cutoff of 25 and 30 kg/m2 ). Both Bayesian and frequentist meta-analysis was done in R Statistical Software version 4.2.2 (The R Foundation for Statistical Computing). Nine studies were eligible for inclusion in this study. Three studies with C11-raclopride, one with C11-PNHO, two with F18-fallypride, one with I123-IBZM, one with C11-NMB and one with both C11-raclopride and C11-PNHO were included. In Bayesian meta-analysis, the standardized mean difference of DR availability between lean and overweight/obese subjects markedly overlapped with zero regardless of BMI cutoff for obesity. In frequentist meta-analysis, the pooled standardized mean difference of DR availability did not show the significant difference between lean and overweight/obese subjects. There was an effect of the radiopharmaceutical on the standardized mean difference of DR availability in meta-analysis of BMI cutoff of 25 kg/m2 . In conclusion, brain DR availability is not different between lean and overweight/obese subjects. However, the effect is dependent on the radiopharmaceutical and the degree of obesity. Further studies with multi-radiopharmaceutical in the same individuals are needed to understand the association between DR and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoungjune Pak
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Biomedical Research InstitutePusan National University HospitalBusanRepublic of Korea
- School of MedicinePusan National UniversityBusanRepublic of Korea
| | - Lauri Nummenmaa
- Turku PET CentreUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
- Turku PET CentreTurku University HospitalTurkuFinland
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
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Flack KD, Anderson III RE, McFee KF, Day BT. Characterizing motor impulsivity of individuals classified as overweight to obese. SPORTS MEDICINE AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2023; 5:314-318. [PMID: 38314047 PMCID: PMC10831366 DOI: 10.1016/j.smhs.2023.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Deficits in the impulse control system are an important predictor of energy intake and body weight. Adults classified as overweight to obese may possess these deficits as a general behavioral trait or they may be food-specific. The present study assessed motor impulsivity (ability to suppress a pre-potent response) when presented with food and neutral (non-food) cues, testing if deficits in motor impulsivity is specific to food cues or a general trait among participants classified as overweight to obese. The proportion of inhibitory failures to no-go targets following food cues (10.8%) was significantly greater than the proportion of inhibitory failures to no-go targets following neutral cues (1.9%, p < 0.001). These differences remained when covering for sex and hunger. This indicates deficits in food-specific impulse control (as opposed to general impulse control) are present in those classified as overweight to obese. Understanding the specific aspect of impulse control that is present in this population is needed for the development of future impulse control training interventions that seek to change eating behaviors as a means for weight control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle D. Flack
- Department of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, College of Agriculture, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Robert E. Anderson III
- Department of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, College of Agriculture, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Kylie F. McFee
- Department of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, College of Agriculture, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Bridgette T. Day
- Department of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, College of Agriculture, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
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Schultes B, Ernst B, Hallschmid M, Bueter M, Meyhöfer SM. The 'Behavioral Balance Model': A new perspective on the aetiology and therapy of obesity. Diabetes Obes Metab 2023; 25:3444-3452. [PMID: 37694802 DOI: 10.1111/dom.15271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a debilitating disease of global proportions that necessitates refined, concept-driven therapeutic approaches. Policy makers, the public and even health care professionals, but also individuals with obesity harbour many misconceptions regarding this disease, which leads to prejudice, negative attitudes, stigmatization, discrimination, self-blame, and failure to provide and finance adequate medical care. Decades of intensive, successful scientific research on obesity have only had a very limited effect on this predicament. We propose a science-based, easy-to-understand conceptual model that synthesizes the complex pathogenesis of obesity including biological, psychological, social, economic and environmental aspects with the aim to explain and communicate better the nature of obesity and currently available therapeutic modalities. According to our integrative 'Behavioral Balance Model', 'top-down cognitive control' strategies are implemented (often with limited success) to counterbalance the increased 'bottom-up drive' to gain weight, which is triggered by biological, psycho-social and environmental mechanisms in people with obesity. Besides offering a deeper understanding of obesity, the model also highlights why there is a strong need for multimodal therapeutic approaches that may not only increase top-down control but also reduce a pathologically increased bottom-up drive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernd Schultes
- Metabolic Center St. Gallen, friendlyDocs Ltd, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Barbara Ernst
- Metabolic Center St. Gallen, friendlyDocs Ltd, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Manfred Hallschmid
- Department of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tübingen (IDM), Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Marco Bueter
- Department of Surgery and Transplantation, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Surgery, Spital Männedorf, Männedorf, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian M Meyhöfer
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Endocrinology & Diabetes, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
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Alhindi YA, Khalifa N, Al-Khyatt W, Idris I. The use of non-invasive brain stimulation techniques to reduce body weight and food cravings: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Obes 2023; 13:e12611. [PMID: 37577814 DOI: 10.1111/cob.12611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Several studies demonstrated non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) techniques such as transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) are safe and simple techniques that can reduce body weight, food cravings, and food consumption in patients with obesity. However, a systematic to evaluate the efficacy of active NIBS versus sham stimulation in reducing body weight and food cravings in patients with obesity is not available. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) using PubMed, Embase, MEDLINE, and Cochrane Central Register of Control Trial between January 1990 and February 2022. Mean differences (MDs) for continuous outcome variables with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were used to examine the effects of NIBS on body weight and body mass index (BMI), whereas the hedges's g test was used to measure the effects on food craving. Nineteen RCTs involving 571 participants were included in this study. Active neurostimulation (TMS and tDCS) was significantly more likely than sham stimulation to reduce body weight (TMS: -3.29 kg, 95% CI [-5.32, -1.26]; I2 = 48%; p < .001; tDCS: -0.82 kg, 95% CI [-1.01, -0.62]; I2 = 0.0%; p = .00) and BMI (TMS: -0.74, 95% CI [-1.17, -0.31]; I2 = 0% p = .00; tDCS: MD = -0.55, 95% CI [-2.32, 1.21]; I2 = 0% p = .54) as well as food cravings (TMS: g = -0.91, 95% CI [-1.68, -0.14]; I2 = 88 p = .00; tDCS: g = -0.32, 95% CI [-0.62, -0.02]; p = .04). Compared with sham stimulation, our findings indicate that active NIBS can significantly help to reduce body weight and food cravings. Hence, these novel techniques may be used as primary or adjunct tools in treating patients with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousef Abdullah Alhindi
- Clinical, Metabolic and Molecular Physiology, MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, National Institute for Health Research Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Royal Derby Hospital, Nottingham, UK
- East Midlands Bariatric Metabolic Institute, Royal Derby Hospital, Derby, UK
- Division of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Najat Khalifa
- Queen's University Department of Psychiatry, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Waleed Al-Khyatt
- East Midlands Bariatric Metabolic Institute, Royal Derby Hospital, Derby, UK
| | - Iskandar Idris
- Clinical, Metabolic and Molecular Physiology, MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, National Institute for Health Research Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Royal Derby Hospital, Nottingham, UK
- East Midlands Bariatric Metabolic Institute, Royal Derby Hospital, Derby, UK
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Parekh P, Begley P, Jessop M, Aplin M, Missir E, McMeekin H, Raczek G, Singh N, Dizdarevic S. Association between body mass index (BMI) and [ 123I]Ioflupane (DaTSCAN) availabilities in patients with parkinsonism using single-photon emission computed tomography-computed tomography (SPECT-CT). Eur J Hybrid Imaging 2023; 7:21. [PMID: 37981626 PMCID: PMC10657921 DOI: 10.1186/s41824-023-00181-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM [123I]Ioflupane (DaTSCAN) has a high binding affinity to the dopamine (DA) transporter (DaT) and tenfold less affinity to serotonin (5-HT) transporter (SERT). Both neurotransmitters are considered to contribute to body weight regulation. This study assesses the association between body mass index (BMI) and DaTSCAN availability in brain. METHOD Scans from 74 consecutive patients who had undergone DaTSCAN single-photon emission computed tomography-computed tomography (SPECT-CT) were used to obtain semi- and absolute quantitative data in several volumes of interest (VOIs). Relative semi-quantitative specific binding ratios (SBRs) from Chang attenuated SPECT were obtained from GE DaTQUANT. Absolute normalised concentration (NC) was calculated from attenuation/scatter corrected SPECT-CT images, using an adapted version of the EARL Ltd (European Association of Nuclear Medicine (EANM) Research 4 Life) template. Scans were subdivided into either degenerative parkinsonism (abnormal = 49), borderline (n = 14) or scan without evidence of dopaminergic deficit (SWEDD = 11) using visual assessment and SBR values by two nuclear medicine consultants. RESULTS SBRs did not correlate with BMI. However, NC values correlated negatively in the entire cohort, with the strongest correlation in the frontal (r = - 0.649. p = 0.000), occipital (r = - 0.555, p = 0.000) regions and pons (r = - 0.555, p = 0.000). In the abnormal (n = 49) and SWEDD group (n = 11), NC of the frontal region was the most correlated with BMI (r = - 0.570, p = 0.000; r = - 0.813, p = 0.002, respectively). In the borderline group (n = 14), the left posterior putamen displayed the strongest correlation (r = - 0.765, p = 0.001). CONCLUSION Absolute NC values demonstrate a strong inverse correlation with BMI, strongest in the extrastriatal regions. Due to the predominately non-overlapping distribution of DaT and SERT, this study suggests greater involvement of SERT in obesity with possible interplay with DA transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puja Parekh
- Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, England
| | - Patrick Begley
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Royal Sussex County Hospital, University Hospitals Sussex NHS Foundation Trust, Brighton, England
| | - Maryam Jessop
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Royal Sussex County Hospital, University Hospitals Sussex NHS Foundation Trust, Brighton, England
| | - Mark Aplin
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Royal Sussex County Hospital, University Hospitals Sussex NHS Foundation Trust, Brighton, England
| | - Elena Missir
- Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, England
| | | | - Gosia Raczek
- Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, England
| | - Nitasha Singh
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Royal Sussex County Hospital, University Hospitals Sussex NHS Foundation Trust, Brighton, England
| | - Sabina Dizdarevic
- Clinical Imaging Science Centre, Neuroscience and Medicine, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, England.
- Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, England.
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Royal Sussex County Hospital, University Hospitals Sussex NHS Foundation Trust, Brighton, England.
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50
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Hayashi D, Edwards C, Emond JA, Gilbert-Diamond D, Butt M, Rigby A, Masterson TD. What Is Food Noise? A Conceptual Model of Food Cue Reactivity. Nutrients 2023; 15:4809. [PMID: 38004203 PMCID: PMC10674813 DOI: 10.3390/nu15224809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
As GLP-1 receptor agonists, like semaglutide, emerge as effective treatments for weight management, anecdotal reports from patients and clinicians alike point to a reduction in what has been colloquially termed "food noise", as patients report experiencing less rumination and obsessive preoccupation about food. In this narrative review, we discuss concepts used in studies to investigate human eating behavior that can help elucidate and define food noise, particularly food cue reactivity. We propose a conceptual model that summarizes the main factors that have been shown to determine the magnitude of the reactivity elicited by external and internal food cues and how these factors can affect short- and long-term behavioral and clinical outcomes. By integrating key research conducted in this field, the Cue-Influencer-Reactivity-Outcome (CIRO) model of food cue reactivity provides a framework that can be used in future research to design studies and interpret findings related to food noise and food cue reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Hayashi
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16801, USA (T.D.M.)
| | - Caitlyn Edwards
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16801, USA (T.D.M.)
| | - Jennifer A. Emond
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Diane Gilbert-Diamond
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Melissa Butt
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Andrea Rigby
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
- Penn State Health, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Travis D. Masterson
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16801, USA (T.D.M.)
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