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Zhao H, Qian H, Cui J, Ge Z, Shi J, Huo Y, Zhang Y, Ye L. Endocrine toxicity of atrazine and its underlying mechanisms. Toxicology 2024; 505:153846. [PMID: 38815618 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2024.153846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Atrazine (ATR) is one of the most widely utilized herbicides globally and is prevalent in the environment due to its extensive use and long half-life. It can infiltrate the human body through drinking water, ingestion, and dermal contact, and has been recognized as an environmental endocrine disruptor. This study aims to comprehensively outline the detrimental impacts of ATR on the endocrine system. Previous research indicates that ATR is harmful to various bodily systems, including the reproductive system, nervous system, adrenal glands, and thyroi d gland. The toxic effects of ATR on the endocrine system and its underlying molecular mechanisms are summarized as follows: influencing the expression of kisspeptin in the HPG axis, consequently affecting steroid synthesis; disrupting DNA synthesis and meiosis, as well as modifying DNA methylation levels, leading to reproductive and developmental toxicity; impacting dopamine by altering Nurr1, VMAT2, and DAT expression, consequently affecting dopamine synthesis and transporter expression, and influencing other neurotransmitters, resulting in neurotoxicity; and changing adipose tissue synthesis and metabolism by reducing basal metabolism, impairing cellular oxidative phosphorylation, and inducing insulin resistance. Additionally, a compilation of natural products used to mitigate the toxic effects of ATR has been provided, encompassing melatonin, curcumin, quercetin, lycopene, flavonoids, vitamin C, vitamin E, and other natural remedies. It is important to note that existing research predominantly relies on in vitro and ex vivo experiments, with limited population-based empirical evidence available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haotang Zhao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Honghao Qian
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jianwei Cui
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhili Ge
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jingjing Shi
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yingchao Huo
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yuezhu Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
| | - Lin Ye
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
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Park B, Kim B, Kim CH, Oh HJ, Park B. Association between endocrine-disrupting chemical mixtures and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease with metabolic syndrome as a mediator among adults: A population-based study in Korea. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 276:116310. [PMID: 38614002 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) may play a role in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD); however, studies on the combined effects of EDC mixtures on NAFLD development are limited. Here, we explored the association between exposure to EDC mixtures and NAFLD and investigated the potential mediating role of metabolic syndrome (MetS). We included participants from the Korean National Environmental Health Survey Cycle 4 (2018-2020) and quantified the urinary concentrations of various EDCs-eight phthalate metabolites, three phenols, one antibacterial compound, four parabens, four polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and one pyrethroid pesticide metabolite-as well as serum concentrations of five perfluorinated compounds (PFCs). NAFLD was defined as a hepatic steatosis index (HSI) ≥36 or a fatty liver index (FLI) ≥60. Weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression was employed to evaluate the associations between EDC mixtures and the risk of MetS or NAFLD. Causal mediation analysis was conducted to explore the potential mediating effect of MetS on the association between mixtures of EDCs and NAFLD risk. All estimates were adjusted for age, sex, educational level, physical activity, smoking status, involuntary smoking, and drinking habits. A total of 2942 adults were included in the analysis. Moderate-to-high positive correlations were identified between phthalate metabolites and PFCs. Higher WQS scores were associated with an elevated risk of MetS and NAFLD. The sex-stratified WQS regression model showed that the interactions between the WQS index and sex were significant for MetS and NAFLD. According to the causal mediation analysis, both the direct and indirect effects of EDC mixtures on NAFLD, with MetS as a mediator, were significant in females. Collectively, these findings highlight the need for interventions that could address both EDC mixture exposure and metabolic status to effectively reduce the risks associated with NAFLD and its related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bohyun Park
- National Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, the Republic of Korea.
| | - Byungmi Kim
- National Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, the Republic of Korea.
| | - Chung Ho Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, the Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyun Jin Oh
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Cancer Prevention and Detection, National Cancer Center, Goyang, the Republic of Korea.
| | - Bomi Park
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, the Republic of Korea.
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Bhardwaj G, Riadi Y, Afzal M, Bansal P, Kaur H, Deorari M, Tonk RK, Almalki WH, Kazmi I, Alzarea SI, Kukreti N, Thangavelu L, Saleem S. The hidden threat: Environmental toxins and their effects on gut microbiota. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 255:155173. [PMID: 38364649 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
The human gut microbiota (GM), which consists of a complex and diverse ecosystem of bacteria, plays a vital role in overall wellness. However, the delicate balance of this intricate system is being compromised by the widespread presence of environmental toxins. The intricate connection between contaminants in the environment and human well-being has garnered significant attention in recent times. Although many environmental pollutants and their toxicity have been identified and studied in laboratory settings and animal models, there is insufficient data concerning their relevance to human physiology. Consequently, research on the toxicity of environmental toxins in GM has gained prominence in recent years. Various factors, such as air pollution, chemicals, heavy metals, and pesticides, have a detrimental impact on the composition and functioning of the GM. This comprehensive review aims to comprehend the toxic effects of numerous environmental pollutants, including antibiotics, endocrine-disrupting chemicals, heavy metals, and pesticides, on GM by examining recent research findings. The current analysis concludes that different types of environmental toxins can lead to GM dysbiosis and have various potential adverse effects on the well-being of animals. We investigate the alterations to the GM composition induced by contaminants and their impact on overall well-being, providing a fresh perspective on research related to pollutant exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gautam Bhardwaj
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, Pushp Vihar sector-3, M-B Road, New Delhi 110017, India
| | - Yassine Riadi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Afzal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacy Program, Batterjee Medical College, P.O. Box 6231, Jeddah 21442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Pooja Bansal
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetics, Jain (Deemed-to-be) University, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560069, India; Department of Allied Healthcare and Sciences, Vivekananda Global University, Jaipur, Rajasthan 303012, India
| | - Harpreet Kaur
- School of Basic & Applied Sciences, Shobhit University, Gangoh, Uttar Pradesh 247341, India; Department of Health & Allied Sciences, Arka Jain University, Jamshedpur, Jharkhand 831001, India
| | - Mahamedha Deorari
- Uttaranchal Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, India
| | - Rajiv Kumar Tonk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, Pushp Vihar sector-3, M-B Road, New Delhi 110017, India.
| | - Waleed Hassan Almalki
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Imran Kazmi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, 21589 Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sami I Alzarea
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, 72341 Sakaka, Aljouf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Neelima Kukreti
- School of Pharmacy, Graphic Era Hill University, Dehradun 248007, India
| | - Lakshmi Thangavelu
- Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Shakir Saleem
- Department of Public Health. College of Health Sciences, Saudi Electronic University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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Grzymkowski JK, Chiu YC, Jima DD, Wyatt BH, Jayachandran S, Stutts WL, Nascone-Yoder NM. Developmental regulation of cellular metabolism is required for intestinal elongation and rotation. Development 2024; 151:dev202020. [PMID: 38369735 PMCID: PMC10911142 DOI: 10.1242/dev.202020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Malrotation of the intestine is a prevalent birth anomaly, the etiology of which remains poorly understood. Here, we show that late-stage exposure of Xenopus embryos to atrazine, a widely used herbicide that targets electron transport chain (ETC) reactions, elicits intestinal malrotation at high frequency. Interestingly, atrazine specifically inhibits the cellular morphogenetic events required for gut tube elongation, including cell rearrangement, differentiation and proliferation; insufficient gut lengthening consequently reorients the direction of intestine rotation. Transcriptome analyses of atrazine-exposed intestines reveal misexpression of genes associated with glycolysis and oxidative stress, and metabolomics shows that atrazine depletes key glycolytic and tricarboxylic acid cycle metabolites. Moreover, cellular bioenergetics assays indicate that atrazine blocks a crucial developmental transition from glycolytic ATP production toward oxidative phosphorylation. Atrazine-induced defects are phenocopied by rotenone, a known ETC Complex I inhibitor, accompanied by elevated reactive oxygen species, and rescued by antioxidant supplementation, suggesting that malrotation may be at least partly attributable to redox imbalance. These studies reveal roles for metabolism in gut morphogenesis and implicate defective gut tube elongation and/or metabolic perturbations in the etiology of intestinal malrotation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia K. Grzymkowski
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
| | - Yu-Chun Chiu
- Molecular Education, Technology and Research Innovation Center (METRIC), Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Dereje D. Jima
- Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
- Bioinformatics Research Center, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
| | - Brent H. Wyatt
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
| | - Sudhish Jayachandran
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
| | - Whitney L. Stutts
- Molecular Education, Technology and Research Innovation Center (METRIC), Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
- Department of Molecular and Structural Biochemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Nanette M. Nascone-Yoder
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
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Atteia HH. A combination of silymarin and garlic extract enhances thyroid hormone activation and body metabolism in orally intoxicated male rats with atrazine: Impact on hepatic iodothyronine deiodinase type 1. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 199:105801. [PMID: 38458692 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.105801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Atrazine is a widely applied herbicide to improve crop yield and maintain general health. It has been reported to impair thyroid function and architecture in experimental animals. Alterations in thyroid hormones disrupt normal body function and metabolism. Silymarin, a hepatoprotective flavonolignan, was found to improve thyroid function and body metabolism. Additionally, garlic displays several protective effects on body organs. Therefore, this study explored the prophylactic impact of natural compounds comprising silymarin and garlic extract on disrupted thyroid function, hepatic iodothyronine deiodinase type 1, and metabolic parameters in atrazine-intoxicated male rats. We found that daily pre- and co-treatment of atrazine-intoxicated male rats with silymarin (100 mg/kg, p.o) and/or garlic extract (10 mg/kg, p.o) significantly improved thyroid activation and hepatic functionality as evidenced by the re-establishment of T3, T3/T4, and TSH values as well as ALT and AST activities. Interestingly, individual or concurrent supplementation of the atrazine group with silymarin and garlic extract prevented the down-regulation in hepatic iodothyronine deiodinase type 1. These effects were coupled with the repletion of serum and hepatic antioxidants and the amelioration of lipid peroxidation. In addition, current natural products markedly alleviated weight gain, dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, glucose intolerance, and insulin resistance. Notably, a cocktail of silymarin and garlic extract exerted superior protection against atrazine-triggered deterioration of thyroid, hepatic, and metabolic functioning to individual treatments. Present findings pinpoint the prophylactic and synergistic influence of silymarin and garlic extract combinatorial regimen on thyroid activation and body metabolism via enhancing antioxidant potential, maintaining hepatic function, and iodothyronine deiodinase type 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hebatallah Husseini Atteia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, 44519 Zagazig, Sharkia Gov., Egypt.
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Yue S, Yuan Q, Shen Q, Xu Y, Wang P, Si M, Zhao M. Multiomics implicate gut microbiota in low cypermethrin (CP) exposure induced multiorgan toxicological effects in pubertal male rats. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 458:131721. [PMID: 37348373 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Cypermethrin (CP), widely used as a broad-spectrum pesticide, has raised concerns over its frequent presence in the environment and potential health risks. The present study focused on incorporating the gut-organ axis theory to reinterpret the toxicological effects and mechanisms following CP exposure at environmentally relevant concentrations (0.1 mg/kg/d and 0.5 mg/kg/d) in pubertal male rats. The results showed alterations in histopathological and organosomatic indices in the liver, brain, and epididymis. Through multiomics network analysis, it was found that Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae may contribute to the alteration in serum L-carnitine and trigonelline, leading to hepatic lipid accumulation following CP exposure. Additionally, Ruminococcaceae, Lachnospiraceae, and Porphyromonadaceae were associated with CP-induced glutamatergic hypofunction and overproduction of TNF-α, potentially contributing to the brain neurotoxicity. Overall, the study provides important insights into the potential mechanisms underlying CP-induced toxicity and highlights the need for continued research to fully understand the implications for CP-induced health risks. The incorporation of the gut-organ axis theory in the study provides a promising avenue for future research into the potential interactions between gut microbiota and organ toxicity, and the potential for targeted interventions to mitigate the adverse effects of environmental toxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqing Yue
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Qixian Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Qiqi Shen
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Yaqi Xu
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Min Si
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Meirong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
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Liang R, Feng X, Shi D, Wang B, Zhang Y, Liu W, Yu L, Ye Z, Zhou M, Chen W. Obesity modifies the association of environmental pyrethroid exposure with glucose homeostasis in the US general adults. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 328:121671. [PMID: 37080515 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Environmental pyrethroids are concerning due to their widespread residues and potential implications on human health. We aimed to assess the association of pyrethroid exposure with glucose homeostasis and examine the interaction between obesity and pyrethroid exposure. A total of 4233 US general adults from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey with measured urinary pyrethroid metabolites, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), fasting insulin (FINS), and glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) were included in the study. The homeostasis model assessment (HOMA2) calculator was utilized to assess insulin resistance (HOMA2-IR), insulin sensitivity (HOMA2-IS), and beta-cell function (HOMA2-β). We estimated the associations of pyrethroid metabolites with glucose homeostasis parameters (FPG, FINS, HbA1c, HOMA2-IR, HOMA2-IS, and HOMA2-β) using multivariate linear regression models and restricted cubic spline models and further assessed the interaction between obesity and pyrethroid metabolites on glucose dyshomeostasis. Urinary 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3-PBA) was the most detected pyrethroid metabolite (81%) with a median concentration of 0.43 (interquartile range 0.20-1.01) μg/g urinary creatinine. Compared with the participants in the lowest quartile, those in the highest quartile of 3-PBA had a 1.93% (95% confidence interval: 0.46%, 3.42%), 6.69% (1.96%, 11.64%), 1.60% (0.64%, 2.57%), 7.06% (2.33%, 12.01%), -6.59% (-10.72%, -2.28%), and 1.10% (-2.69%, 5.04%) alteration in FPG, FINS, HbA1c, HOMA2-IR, HOMA2-IS, and HOMA2-β, respectively. The restricted cubic spline model displayed a linear positive association between 3-PBA and FPG, FINS, HbA1c, and HOMA2-IR, and a negative association with HOMA2-IS (all P for overall <0.05 and P for non-linear >0.05). Additionally, the association between urinary 3-PBA and FPG was modified by general obesity (P for interaction <0.05), with a more pronounced association observed in obese participants than in non-obese participants. Our findings suggested that pyrethroid exposure was associated with glucose dyshomeostasis. General obesity significantly heightened the association between pyrethroid exposure and increased FPG level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruyi Liang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Xiaobing Feng
- Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Health care Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Da Shi
- Food and Human Nutritional Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Yongfang Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Linling Yu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Zi Ye
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Min Zhou
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China.
| | - Weihong Chen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China.
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Kowalczyk M, Piwowarski JP, Wardaszka A, Średnicka P, Wójcicki M, Juszczuk-Kubiak E. Application of In Vitro Models for Studying the Mechanisms Underlying the Obesogenic Action of Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals (EDCs) as Food Contaminants-A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021083. [PMID: 36674599 PMCID: PMC9866663 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesogenic endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) belong to the group of environmental contaminants, which can adversely affect human health. A growing body of evidence supports that chronic exposure to EDCs can contribute to a rapid increase in obesity among adults and children, especially in wealthy industrialized countries with a high production of widely used industrial chemicals such as plasticizers (bisphenols and phthalates), parabens, flame retardants, and pesticides. The main source of human exposure to obesogenic EDCs is through diet, particularly with the consumption of contaminated food such as meat, fish, fruit, vegetables, milk, and dairy products. EDCs can promote obesity by stimulating adipo- and lipogenesis of target cells such as adipocytes and hepatocytes, disrupting glucose metabolism and insulin secretion, and impacting hormonal appetite/satiety regulation. In vitro models still play an essential role in investigating potential environmental obesogens. The review aimed to provide information on currently available two-dimensional (2D) in vitro animal and human cell models applied for studying the mechanisms of obesogenic action of various industrial chemicals such as food contaminants. The advantages and limitations of in vitro models representing the crucial endocrine tissue (adipose tissue) and organs (liver and pancreas) involved in the etiology of obesity and metabolic diseases, which are applied to evaluate the effects of obesogenic EDCs and their disruption activity, were thoroughly and critically discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Kowalczyk
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Molecular Engineering, Department of Microbiology, Prof. Wacław Dąbrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology—State Research Institute, 02-532 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jakub P. Piwowarski
- Microbiota Lab, Department of Pharmacognosy and Molecular Basis of Phytotherapy, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence: (J.P.P.); (E.J.-K.)
| | - Artur Wardaszka
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Molecular Engineering, Department of Microbiology, Prof. Wacław Dąbrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology—State Research Institute, 02-532 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paulina Średnicka
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Molecular Engineering, Department of Microbiology, Prof. Wacław Dąbrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology—State Research Institute, 02-532 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michał Wójcicki
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Molecular Engineering, Department of Microbiology, Prof. Wacław Dąbrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology—State Research Institute, 02-532 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Edyta Juszczuk-Kubiak
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Molecular Engineering, Department of Microbiology, Prof. Wacław Dąbrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology—State Research Institute, 02-532 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence: (J.P.P.); (E.J.-K.)
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Prenatal exposure to insecticides and child cardiometabolic risk factors in the VHEMBE birth cohort. Environ Epidemiol 2022; 6:e196. [PMID: 35434465 PMCID: PMC9005249 DOI: 10.1097/ee9.0000000000000196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
As part of malaria control programs, many countries spray dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) or pyrethroid insecticides inside dwellings in a practice called indoor residual spraying that results in high levels of exposure to local populations. Gestational exposure to these endocrine- and metabolism-disrupting chemicals may influence child cardiometabolic health.
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Merrill AK, Anderson T, Conrad K, Marvin E, James-Todd T, Cory-Slechta DA, Sobolewski M. Protracted Impairment of Maternal Metabolic Health in Mouse Dams Following Pregnancy Exposure to a Mixture of Low Dose Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals, a Pilot Study. TOXICS 2021; 9:346. [PMID: 34941779 PMCID: PMC8706199 DOI: 10.3390/toxics9120346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Pregnancy, a period of increased metabolic demands coordinated by fluctuating steroid hormones, is an understudied critical window of disease susceptibility for later-life maternal metabolic health. Epidemiological studies have identified associations between exposures to various endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) with an increased risk for metabolic syndrome, obesity, and diabetes. Whether such adverse outcomes would be heightened by concurrent exposures to multiple EDCs during pregnancy, consistent with the reality that human exposures are to EDC mixtures, was examined in the current pilot study. Mouse dams were orally exposed to relatively low doses of four EDCs: (atrazine (10 mg/kg), bisphenol-A (50 µg/kg), perfluorooctanoic acid (0.1 mg/kg), 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (0.036 µg/kg)), or the combination (MIX), from gestational day 7 until birth or for an equivalent 12 days in non-pregnant females. Glucose intolerance, serum lipids, weight, and visceral adiposity were assessed six months later. MIX-exposed dams exhibited hyperglycemia with a persistent elevation in blood glucose two hours after glucose administration in a glucose tolerance test, whereas no such effects were observed in MIX-exposed non-pregnant females. Correspondingly, MIX dams showed elevated serum low-density lipoprotein (LDL). There were no statistically significant differences in weight or visceral adipose; MIX dams showed an average visceral adipose volume to body volume ratio of 0.09, while the vehicle dams had an average ratio of 0.07. Collectively, these findings provide biological plausibility for the epidemiological associations observed between EDC exposures during pregnancy and subsequent maternal metabolic dyshomeostasis, and proof of concept data that highlight the importance of considering complex EDC mixtures based of off common health outcomes, e.g., for increased risk for later-life maternal metabolic effects following pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa K. Merrill
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; (A.K.M.); (T.A.); (K.C.); (E.M.); (D.A.C.-S.)
| | - Timothy Anderson
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; (A.K.M.); (T.A.); (K.C.); (E.M.); (D.A.C.-S.)
| | - Katherine Conrad
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; (A.K.M.); (T.A.); (K.C.); (E.M.); (D.A.C.-S.)
| | - Elena Marvin
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; (A.K.M.); (T.A.); (K.C.); (E.M.); (D.A.C.-S.)
| | - Tamarra James-Todd
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
| | - Deborah A. Cory-Slechta
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; (A.K.M.); (T.A.); (K.C.); (E.M.); (D.A.C.-S.)
| | - Marissa Sobolewski
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; (A.K.M.); (T.A.); (K.C.); (E.M.); (D.A.C.-S.)
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11
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Zhu S, Zhang T, Wang Y, Zhou X, Wang S, Wang Z. Meta-analysis and experimental validation identified atrazine as a toxicant in the male reproductive system. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:37482-37497. [PMID: 33715114 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13396-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Atrazine (ATZ), as a widely used triazine herbicide, is an environmental endocrine disruptor (EDC) that can cause many health problems. Therefore, we conducted this study based on the evidence of rats and mice to figure out the characteristics of ATZ damage to the reproductive system and further evaluate its health effects on the human. PRISMA's guidelines were followed according to the principles recommended by the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Review. Health assessment was performed using the OHAT approach. Our new data were obtained from randomized controlled trials in rats designed in accordance with toxicological guidelines. Exposure to ATZ was significantly associated with decreased testosterone production (SMD = - 0.90, 95% CI - 1.27 to - 0.53), and reduced absolute weights of testis (SMD = - 0.41, 95% CI - 0.61 to - 0.22) and other reproductive organs. The damaging effect of sperm quality was also observed clearly, which included reduction of sperm count both in epididymis (SMD = - 2.32, 95% CI - 2.83 to - 1.81) and testis (SMD = - 1.01, 95% CI - 1.37 to - 0.64), decrease in sperm motility (SMD = - 8.86, 95% CI - 10.88 to - 6.83), and increase in sperm abnormality. Subgroup analysis revealed consistency across different species, life stage, and dosage. In addition, we found that ATZ exposure at a daily dose of 120 mg/kg during adolescence could cause decrease in weight gain and histological damage to the testis. The gene expression levels of Nrf2/HO-1 and Bcl-2/caspase signaling pathways in testis tissues were changed significantly. The results of this SR indicated that exposure to ATZ was associated with impairment of male reproductive system in rodents regardless of species, exposure life stage, and dosage. It is believed that ATZ exposure may have similar effects on male reproductive system of human beings. Pathways related to oxidative stress and apoptosis may be the mechanism leading to testicular damage in rats treated with ATZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenhao Zhu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210000, China
| | - Tongtong Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210000, China
| | - Yuhao Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210000, China
| | - Xiang Zhou
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210000, China
| | - Shangqian Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210000, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166, China.
| | - Zengjun Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210000, China.
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12
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Giambò F, Teodoro M, Costa C, Fenga C. Toxicology and Microbiota: How Do Pesticides Influence Gut Microbiota? A Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18115510. [PMID: 34063879 PMCID: PMC8196593 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18115510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, new targets have been included between the health outcomes induced by pesticide exposure. The gastrointestinal tract is a key physical and biological barrier and it represents a primary site of exposure to toxic agents. Recently, the intestinal microbiota has emerged as a notable factor regulating pesticides’ toxicity. However, the specific mechanisms related to this interaction are not well known. In this review, we discuss the influence of pesticide exposure on the gut microbiota, discussing the factors influencing gut microbial diversity, and we summarize the updated literature. In conclusion, more studies are needed to clarify the host–microbial relationship concerning pesticide exposure and to define new prevention interventions, such as the identification of biomarkers of mucosal barrier function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Giambò
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, Occupational Medicine Section, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (F.G.); (M.T.); (C.F.)
| | - Michele Teodoro
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, Occupational Medicine Section, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (F.G.); (M.T.); (C.F.)
| | - Chiara Costa
- Clinical and Experimental Medicine Department, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-090-2212052
| | - Concettina Fenga
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, Occupational Medicine Section, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (F.G.); (M.T.); (C.F.)
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13
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Cano R, Pérez JL, Dávila LA, Ortega Á, Gómez Y, Valero-Cedeño NJ, Parra H, Manzano A, Véliz Castro TI, Albornoz MPD, Cano G, Rojas-Quintero J, Chacín M, Bermúdez V. Role of Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals in the Pathogenesis of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Comprehensive Review. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4807. [PMID: 34062716 PMCID: PMC8125512 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is considered the most common liver disorder, affecting around 25% of the population worldwide. It is a complex disease spectrum, closely linked with other conditions such as obesity, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and metabolic syndrome, which may increase liver-related mortality. In light of this, numerous efforts have been carried out in recent years in order to clarify its pathogenesis and create new prevention strategies. Currently, the essential role of environmental pollutants in NAFLD development is recognized. Particularly, endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) have a notable influence. EDCs can be classified as natural (phytoestrogens, genistein, and coumestrol) or synthetic, and the latter ones can be further subdivided into industrial (dioxins, polychlorinated biphenyls, and alkylphenols), agricultural (pesticides, insecticides, herbicides, and fungicides), residential (phthalates, polybrominated biphenyls, and bisphenol A), and pharmaceutical (parabens). Several experimental models have proposed a mechanism involving this group of substances with the disruption of hepatic metabolism, which promotes NAFLD. These include an imbalance between lipid influx/efflux in the liver, mitochondrial dysfunction, liver inflammation, and epigenetic reprogramming. It can be concluded that exposure to EDCs might play a crucial role in NAFLD initiation and evolution. However, further investigations supporting these effects in humans are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Cano
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo 4004, Venezuela; (R.C.); (J.L.P.); (Á.O.); (Y.G.); (H.P.); (A.M.); (M.P.D.A.)
| | - José L. Pérez
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo 4004, Venezuela; (R.C.); (J.L.P.); (Á.O.); (Y.G.); (H.P.); (A.M.); (M.P.D.A.)
| | - Lissé Angarita Dávila
- Escuela de Nutrición y Dietética, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andres Bello, Sede Concepción 4260000, Chile;
| | - Ángel Ortega
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo 4004, Venezuela; (R.C.); (J.L.P.); (Á.O.); (Y.G.); (H.P.); (A.M.); (M.P.D.A.)
| | - Yosselin Gómez
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo 4004, Venezuela; (R.C.); (J.L.P.); (Á.O.); (Y.G.); (H.P.); (A.M.); (M.P.D.A.)
| | - Nereida Josefina Valero-Cedeño
- Carrera de Laboratorio Clínico, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Estatal del Sur de Manabí, Jipijapa E482, Ecuador; (N.J.V.-C.); (T.I.V.C.)
| | - Heliana Parra
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo 4004, Venezuela; (R.C.); (J.L.P.); (Á.O.); (Y.G.); (H.P.); (A.M.); (M.P.D.A.)
| | - Alexander Manzano
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo 4004, Venezuela; (R.C.); (J.L.P.); (Á.O.); (Y.G.); (H.P.); (A.M.); (M.P.D.A.)
| | - Teresa Isabel Véliz Castro
- Carrera de Laboratorio Clínico, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Estatal del Sur de Manabí, Jipijapa E482, Ecuador; (N.J.V.-C.); (T.I.V.C.)
| | - María P. Díaz Albornoz
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo 4004, Venezuela; (R.C.); (J.L.P.); (Á.O.); (Y.G.); (H.P.); (A.M.); (M.P.D.A.)
| | - Gabriel Cano
- Insitute für Pharmazie, Freie Universitänt Berlin, Königin-Louise-Strabe 2-4, 14195 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Joselyn Rojas-Quintero
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
| | - Maricarmen Chacín
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud. Barranquilla, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Barranquilla 55-132, Colombia;
| | - Valmore Bermúdez
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud. Barranquilla, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Barranquilla 55-132, Colombia;
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Li M, Zhu J, Wu Q, Wang Q. The combined adverse effects of cis-bifenthrin and graphene oxide on lipid homeostasis in Xenopus laevis. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 407:124876. [PMID: 33360192 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Simultaneous exposure to multiple pollutants has received great concerns considering that the interactions between pollutants can alter the environment fate and bioavailability of pollutants with potentially deleterious effects. Graphene oxide (GO) has been widely used in many areas including environmental remediation, biology and agriculture. However, researchers have largely ignored the combined toxicity of GO with coexisting toxicants. Cis-bifenthrin (cis-BF), a typical synthetic pyrethroid insecticide, was frequently detected in the environment, which raised the possibility of interaction between cis-BF and GO. Our study investigated the toxic effects of cis-BF alone or combined with GO on the lipid homeostasis in Xenopus laevis. Tadpoles at 51 stage were exposed to cis-BF (0, 12, 60 and 300 ng/L) or in their combination with GO (0.1 mg/L) for 21 days. Coexposure to cis-BF and GO deteriorated the lipid homeostasis disruption in tadpoles. The up- or down-regulation of lipogenesis genes expression and enzymes activity were amplified in the coexposure groups. Furthermore, the presence of GO enhanced the deleterious impacts of cis-BF on the hepatic function in tadpoles. This study uniquely shows that GO promotes the lipotoxicity and hepatic function deficit caused by cis-BF exposure in frog.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Li
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jiaping Zhu
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Qiangwei Wang
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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15
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Mittal K, Rahim AA, George S, Ghoshal S, Basu N. Characterizing the effects of titanium dioxide and silver nanoparticles released from painted surfaces due to weathering on zebrafish ( Danio rerio). Nanotoxicology 2021; 15:527-541. [PMID: 33756094 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2021.1897173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Silver (nAg) and titanium dioxide nanoparticles (nTiO2) are common engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) added into paint for their antimicrobial and whitening properties, respectively. Weathering of outdoor painted surfaces can release such ENPs, though little is known about the potential effects of released ENPs on aquatic species. The objective of this study was to characterize the toxicity of nAg and nTiO2 released from painted panels using fish liver cells (CRL2643) and zebrafish embryos (OECD 236 embryotoxicity test). Cells and embryos were exposed to suspensions of pristine nAg or nTiO2, panels (unpainted or painted with nAg or nTiO2) or base paint, after sonication. Cell viability and gene expression were assessed using resazurin assay and qPCR, respectively, while embryo mortality and deformities were scored visually via microscopic examination. In the cell studies, both paint-released nanoparticles did not affect viability, but paint-released nAg resulted in differential expression of a few genes including gclc and ncf1. In embryos, paint-released nAg increased mortality and incidence of deformities, whereas paint-released nTiO2 resulted in differential expression of several genes including gclc, ncf1, txnrd1, gpx1b, and cyp1c1 but without major phenotypic abnormalities. Comparing the two types of exposures, paint-released exposures affected both molecular (gene expression) and apical (embryotoxicity) endpoints, while pristine exposures affected the expression of some genes but had no apical effects. The differing effects of paint-released and pristine nanoparticle exposures suggest that further research is needed to further understand how paint coatings (and the products of their weathering and aging) may influence nanoparticle toxicity to aquatic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krittika Mittal
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | | | - Saji George
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Subhasis Ghoshal
- Department of Civil Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Niladri Basu
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
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16
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Kassotis CD, Hoffman K, Phillips AL, Zhang S, Cooper EM, Webster TF, Stapleton HM. Characterization of adipogenic, PPARγ, and TRβ activities in house dust extracts and their associations with organic contaminants. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 758:143707. [PMID: 33223163 PMCID: PMC7796983 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we sought to expand our previous research on associations between bioactivities in dust and associated organic contaminants. Dust samples were collected from central NC homes (n = 188), solvent extracted, and split into two fractions, one for analysis using three different bioassays (nuclear receptor activation/inhibition and adipocyte development) and one for mass spectrometry (targeted measurement of 124 organic contaminants, including flame retardants, polychlorinated biphenyls, perfluoroalkyl substances, pesticides, phthalates, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons). Approximately 80% of dust extracts exhibited significant adipogenic activity at concentrations that are comparable to estimated exposure for children and adults (e.g. ~20 μg/well dust) via either triglyceride accumulation (65%) and/or pre-adipocyte proliferation (50%). Approximately 76% of samples antagonized thyroid receptor beta (TRβ), and 21% activated peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARγ). Triglyceride accumulation was significantly correlated with TRβ antagonism. Sixty-five contaminants were detected in at least 75% of samples; of these, 26 were correlated with adipogenic activity and ten with TRβ antagonism. Regression models were used to evaluate associations of individual contaminants with adipogenic and TRβ bioactivities, and many individual contaminants were significantly associated. An exploratory g-computation model was used to evaluate the effect of mixtures. Contaminant mixtures were positively associated with triglyceride accumulation, and the magnitude of effect was larger than for any individually measured chemical. For each quartile increase in mixture exposure, triglyceride accumulation increased by 212% (RR = 3.12 and 95% confidence interval: 1.58, 6.17). These results suggest that complex mixtures of chemicals present in house dust may induce adipogenic activity in vitro at environmental concentrations and warrants further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher D Kassotis
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, United States of America
| | - Kate Hoffman
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, United States of America
| | - Allison L Phillips
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, United States of America; Risk Assessment and Natural Resource Sciences, Arcadis U.S., Inc., Raleigh, NC 27607, United States of America
| | - Sharon Zhang
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, United States of America
| | - Ellen M Cooper
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, United States of America
| | - Thomas F Webster
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02118, United States of America
| | - Heather M Stapleton
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, United States of America.
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17
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Yu Z, Shi Z, Zheng Z, Han J, Yang W, Lu R, Lin W, Zheng Y, Nie D, Chen G. DEHP induce cholesterol imbalance via disturbing bile acid metabolism by altering the composition of gut microbiota in rats. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 263:127959. [PMID: 32814133 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is one of the most widespread environmental contaminants worldwide because of its massive production, extensive use in common products, and liability to leach from products. This study investigated the mechanisms of DEHP mediated alteration of lipid metabolism. Rats were treated with 0.5 mg kg-1 d-1 of DEHP for 23 weeks. Results showed that the treatment induced cholesterol imbalance. Further fecal transplantation experiments corroborated the involvement of gut microbiota in DEHP-induced cholesterol imbalance. In addition, 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis of cecal contents showed that DEHP disrupted the gut microbiota diversity in rats and increased the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes. Further cecal metabolomic analyses, bile salt hydrolase enzyme activity, and gene expression examination revealed that chronic DEHP exposure generated a bile acid profile in the gut that is a more potent activator of farnesoid X receptor (FXR). The activation of FXR in the gut induced the expression of fibroblast growth factor 15, which subsequently suppressed cytochrome P450 family 7 subfamily A member 1 in the liver and bile acid synthesis. These results suggest that DEHP might induce cholesterol imbalance by regulating bile acid metabolism via the remodeling of the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Yu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Analysis, Fujian Academy of Medical Sciences, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Zhenhua Shi
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Health and Regulation, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
| | - Zeyu Zheng
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Junyong Han
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Analysis, Fujian Academy of Medical Sciences, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Wencong Yang
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Rongmei Lu
- Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Wei Lin
- Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | | | - Daoshun Nie
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Analysis, Fujian Academy of Medical Sciences, Fuzhou, 350001, China; Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, China.
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18
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Yan J, Wang D, Meng Z, Yan S, Teng M, Jia M, Li R, Tian S, Weiss C, Zhou Z, Zhu W. Effects of incremental endosulfan sulfate exposure and high fat diet on lipid metabolism, glucose homeostasis and gut microbiota in mice. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 268:115697. [PMID: 33070067 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The influence of pollutants on metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes mellitus is an emerging field in environmental medicine. Here, we explored the effects of a low-dose endosulfan sulfate (ES), a major metabolite of the pesticide endosulfan and a bio-persistent contaminant detected in environmental and human samples, on the progress of obesity and metabolic disorders. Pregnant CD-1 mice were given ES from gestational day 6 to postnatal day 21 (short-term). After weaning, male pups of exposed dams were provided with a low-fat or a high-fat diet (LFD or HFD) and assessed after an additional 12 weeks. At the same time, one group of male pups continuously received ES (long-term). Treatment with low-dose ES, short or long-term, alleviated the development of obesity and accumulation of hepatic triglycerides induced by HFD. Analysis of gene expression, metabolic profile and gut microbiome indicates that ES treatment inhibits adipogenesis induced by HFD due to enhanced lipid catabolism, fatty acid oxidation and disturbance of gut microbiota composition. However, impaired glucose and insulin homeostasis were still conserved in HFD-fed mice exposed to ES. Furthermore, ES treatment impaired glucose tolerance, affected hepatic gene expression, fatty acids composition and serum metabolic profile, as well as disturbed gut microbiota in LFD-fed mice. In conclusion, ES treatment at levels close to the accepted daily intake during fetal development directly impact glucose homeostasis, hepatic lipid metabolism, and gut microbiome dependent on the type of diet consumed. These findings provide a better understanding of the complex interactions of environmental pollutants and diet at early life stages also in the context of metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Yan
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Dezhen Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhiyuan Meng
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Sen Yan
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Miaomiao Teng
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Ming Jia
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Ruisheng Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Sinuo Tian
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Carsten Weiss
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems - Biological Information Processing, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Campus North, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Zhiqiang Zhou
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Wentao Zhu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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Rives C, Fougerat A, Ellero-Simatos S, Loiseau N, Guillou H, Gamet-Payrastre L, Wahli W. Oxidative Stress in NAFLD: Role of Nutrients and Food Contaminants. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E1702. [PMID: 33371482 PMCID: PMC7767499 DOI: 10.3390/biom10121702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is often the hepatic expression of metabolic syndrome and its comorbidities that comprise, among others, obesity and insulin-resistance. NAFLD involves a large spectrum of clinical conditions. These range from steatosis, a benign liver disorder characterized by the accumulation of fat in hepatocytes, to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which is characterized by inflammation, hepatocyte damage, and liver fibrosis. NASH can further progress to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The etiology of NAFLD involves both genetic and environmental factors, including an unhealthy lifestyle. Of note, unhealthy eating is clearly associated with NAFLD development and progression to NASH. Both macronutrients (sugars, lipids, proteins) and micronutrients (vitamins, phytoingredients, antioxidants) affect NAFLD pathogenesis. Furthermore, some evidence indicates disruption of metabolic homeostasis by food contaminants, some of which are risk factor candidates in NAFLD. At the molecular level, several models have been proposed for the pathogenesis of NAFLD. Most importantly, oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage have been reported to be causative in NAFLD initiation and progression. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the contribution of nutrients and food contaminants, especially pesticides, to oxidative stress and how they may influence NAFLD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clémence Rives
- Toxalim (Research Center in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRA, EVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, 31300 Toulouse, France; (C.R.); (A.F.); (S.E.-S.); (N.L.); (H.G.)
| | - Anne Fougerat
- Toxalim (Research Center in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRA, EVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, 31300 Toulouse, France; (C.R.); (A.F.); (S.E.-S.); (N.L.); (H.G.)
| | - Sandrine Ellero-Simatos
- Toxalim (Research Center in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRA, EVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, 31300 Toulouse, France; (C.R.); (A.F.); (S.E.-S.); (N.L.); (H.G.)
| | - Nicolas Loiseau
- Toxalim (Research Center in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRA, EVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, 31300 Toulouse, France; (C.R.); (A.F.); (S.E.-S.); (N.L.); (H.G.)
| | - Hervé Guillou
- Toxalim (Research Center in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRA, EVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, 31300 Toulouse, France; (C.R.); (A.F.); (S.E.-S.); (N.L.); (H.G.)
| | - Laurence Gamet-Payrastre
- Toxalim (Research Center in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRA, EVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, 31300 Toulouse, France; (C.R.); (A.F.); (S.E.-S.); (N.L.); (H.G.)
| | - Walter Wahli
- Toxalim (Research Center in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRA, EVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, 31300 Toulouse, France; (C.R.); (A.F.); (S.E.-S.); (N.L.); (H.G.)
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Clinical Sciences Building, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore 308232, Singapore
- Center for Integrative Genomics, Université de Lausanne, Le Génopode, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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20
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Harper AP, Finger BJ, Green MP. Chronic Atrazine Exposure Beginning Prenatally Impacts Liver Function and Sperm Concentration With Multi-Generational Consequences in Mice. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:580124. [PMID: 33324343 PMCID: PMC7726345 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.580124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Atrazine is a commonly used herbicide frequently detected in waterways and drinking water around the world. Worryingly, atrazine is an endocrine and metabolic disruptor but there is a lack of research regarding the effects of long-term exposure beginning in utero. In this study we investigated how chronic exposure to atrazine (5 mg/kg bw/day) in drinking water from E9.5 until 12 or 26 weeks of age affected metabolic and reproductive characteristics in male mice. We then examined whether mating these males to unexposed females altered in vitro embryo characteristics. Atrazine exposure caused a decrease in liver weight and changes in both liver and testis gene expression, specifically in genes involved in lipid uptake and fatty acid metabolism in the liver, as well as androgen conversion in the testis. Notably, atrazine exposure decreased epididymal sperm concentration and subsequent embryo cell numbers generated from the 12-week cohort males. Collectively, these data suggest that atrazine exposure, beginning prenatally, affects both metabolic and reproductive characteristics, and highlights the importance of assessing atrazine effects at different life stages and over multiple generations. The continued widespread use of atrazine warrants further studies, as it is essential to understand the health risks for all species, including humans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mark P. Green
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Smith L, Klément W, Dopavogui L, de Bock F, Lasserre F, Barretto S, Lukowicz C, Fougerat A, Polizzi A, Schaal B, Patris B, Denis C, Feuillet G, Canlet C, Jamin EL, Debrauwer L, Mselli-Lakhal L, Loiseau N, Guillou H, Marchi N, Ellero-Simatos S, Gamet-Payrastre L. Perinatal exposure to a dietary pesticide cocktail does not increase susceptibility to high-fat diet-induced metabolic perturbations at adulthood but modifies urinary and fecal metabolic fingerprints in C57Bl6/J mice. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 144:106010. [PMID: 32745781 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.106010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We recently demonstrated that chronic dietary exposure to a mixture of pesticides at low-doses induced sexually dimorphic obesogenic and diabetogenic effects in adult mice. Perinatal pesticide exposure may also be a factor in metabolic disease etiology. However, the long-term consequences of perinatal pesticide exposure remain controversial and largely unexplored. OBJECTIVES Here we assessed how perinatal exposure to the same low-dose pesticide cocktail impacted metabolic homeostasis in adult mice. METHODS Six pesticides (boscalid, captan, chlopyrifos, thiachloprid, thiophanate, and ziram) were incorporated in food pellets. During the gestation and lactation periods, female (F0) mice were fed either a pesticide-free or a pesticide-enriched diet at doses exposing them to the tolerable daily intake (TDI) level for each compound, using a 1:1 body weight scaling from humans to mice. All male and female offsprings (F1) were then fed the pesticide-free diet until 18 weeks of age, followed by challenge with a pesticide-free high-fat diet (HFD) for 6 weeks. Metabolic parameters, including body weight, food and water consumption, glucose tolerance, and urinary and fecal metabolomes, were assessed over time. At the end of the experiment, we evaluated energetic metabolism and microbiota activity using biochemical assays, gene expression profiling, and 1H NMR-based metabolomics in the liver, urine, and feces. RESULTS Perinatal pesticide exposure did not affect body weight or energy homeostasis in 6- and 14-week-old mice. As expected, HFD increased body weight and induced metabolic disorders as compared to a low-fat diet. However, HFD-induced metabolic perturbations were similar between mice with and without perinatal pesticide exposure. Interestingly, perinatal pesticide exposure induced time-specific and sex-specific alterations in the urinary and fecal metabolomes of adult mice, suggesting long-lasting changes in gut microbiota. CONCLUSIONS Perinatal pesticide exposure induced sustained sexually dimorphic perturbations of the urinary and fecal metabolic fingerprints, but did not significantly influence the development of HFD-induced metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorraine Smith
- Toxalim (Research Center in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, 31300 Toulouse, France
| | - Wendy Klément
- IGF Cerebrovascular and Glia Research, Dept. Neuroscience, Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Montpellier, UMR 5203 CNRS, U1191 INSERM, France
| | - Léonie Dopavogui
- Toxalim (Research Center in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, 31300 Toulouse, France
| | - Frédéric de Bock
- IGF Cerebrovascular and Glia Research, Dept. Neuroscience, Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Montpellier, UMR 5203 CNRS, U1191 INSERM, France
| | - Frédéric Lasserre
- Toxalim (Research Center in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, 31300 Toulouse, France
| | - Sharon Barretto
- Toxalim (Research Center in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, 31300 Toulouse, France
| | - Céline Lukowicz
- Toxalim (Research Center in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, 31300 Toulouse, France
| | - Anne Fougerat
- Toxalim (Research Center in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, 31300 Toulouse, France
| | - Arnaud Polizzi
- Toxalim (Research Center in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, 31300 Toulouse, France
| | - Benoist Schaal
- Developmental Ethology Laboratory, Centre for Taste, Smell and Feeding Behavior Science, CNRS-UBFC-INRAE-ASD, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Bruno Patris
- Developmental Ethology Laboratory, Centre for Taste, Smell and Feeding Behavior Science, CNRS-UBFC-INRAE-ASD, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Colette Denis
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1048, Institut of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease, Toulouse, France, Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Guylène Feuillet
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1048, Institut of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease, Toulouse, France, Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Cécile Canlet
- Toxalim (Research Center in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, 31300 Toulouse, France
| | - Emilien L Jamin
- Toxalim (Research Center in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, 31300 Toulouse, France
| | - Laurent Debrauwer
- Toxalim (Research Center in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, 31300 Toulouse, France
| | - Laila Mselli-Lakhal
- Toxalim (Research Center in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, 31300 Toulouse, France
| | - Nicolas Loiseau
- Toxalim (Research Center in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, 31300 Toulouse, France
| | - Hervé Guillou
- Toxalim (Research Center in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, 31300 Toulouse, France
| | - Nicola Marchi
- IGF Cerebrovascular and Glia Research, Dept. Neuroscience, Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Montpellier, UMR 5203 CNRS, U1191 INSERM, France
| | - Sandrine Ellero-Simatos
- Toxalim (Research Center in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, 31300 Toulouse, France
| | - Laurence Gamet-Payrastre
- Toxalim (Research Center in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, 31300 Toulouse, France.
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He B, Wang X, Jin X, Xue Z, Zhu J, Wang C, Jin Y, Fu Z. β -Cypermethrin promotes the adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 cells via inducing autophagy and shaping an adipogenesis-friendly microenvironment. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2020; 52:821-831. [PMID: 32637997 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmaa049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 01/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The toxicity of synthetic pyrethroids has garnered attention, and studies have revealed that pyrethroids promote fat accumulation and lead to obesity in mice. Nevertheless, the effect of β-cypermethrin (β-CYP) on adipogenesis and its underlying mechanism remains largely unknown. In this study, mouse embryo fibroblasts 3T3-L1 cells were exposed to β-CYP, and the cell viability, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, autophagy, and adipogenesis were assessed to investigate the roles of oxidative stress and autophagy in the toxic effects of β-CYP on adipogenesis. The results demonstrated that treatment with 100 μΜ β-CYP elevated the ROS level, decreased mitochondrion membrane potential, stimulated autophagy, and enhanced the adipogenesis induced by the mixture of insulin, dexamethasone, and 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine. However, co-treatment with N-acetyl-L-cysteine partially blocked the abovementioned effects of β-CYP in 3T3-L1 cells. In addition, co-treatment with rapamycin, an autophagy agonist, enhanced the inductive effect of β-CYP on adipogenesis, whereas co-treatment with 3-methyladenine blocked the enhancement of adipogenesis caused by β-CYP. Moreover, β-CYP also altered the microenvironment of 3T3-L1 cells to an adipogenesis-friendly one by reducing the extracellular expression of miR-34a, suggesting that the culture media of β-CYP-treated 3T3-L1 cells could shift macrophages to M2 type. Taken together, the data obtained in the present study demonstrated that β-CYP promoted adipogenesis via oxidative stress-mediated autophagy disturbance, and it caused macrophage M2 polarization via the alteration of miR-34a level in the microenvironment. The study demonstrated the adipogenesis-promoting effect of β-CYP and unveiled the potential mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingnan He
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Xia Wang
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Xini Jin
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Zimeng Xue
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Jianbo Zhu
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Caiyun Wang
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Yuanxiang Jin
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Zhengwei Fu
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
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23
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Impact of pesticide exposure on adipose tissue development and function. Biochem J 2020; 477:2639-2653. [DOI: 10.1042/bcj20200324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a leading cause of morbidity, mortality and health care expenditure whose incidence is rapidly rising across the globe. Although the cause of the obesity epidemic is typically viewed as a product of an increased availability of high calorie foods and/or a reduction in physical activity, there is mounting evidence that exposure to synthetic chemicals in our environment may play an important role. Pesticides, are a class of chemicals whose widespread use has coincided with the global rise of obesity over the past two decades. Importantly, given their lipophilic nature many pesticides have been shown to accumulate with adipose tissue depots, suggesting they may be disrupting the function of white adipose tissue (WAT), brown adipose tissue (BAT) and beige adipose tissue to promote obesity and metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes. In this review, we discuss epidemiological evidence linking pesticide exposure with body mass index (BMI) and the incidence of diabetes. We then review preclinical studies in rodent models which have directly evaluated the effects of different classes of insecticides and herbicides on obesity and metabolic dysfunction. Lastly, we review studies conducted in adipose tissue cells lines and the purported mechanisms by which pesticides may induce alterations in adipose tissue function. The review of the literature reveals major gaps in our knowledge regarding human exposure to pesticides and our understanding of whether physiologically relevant concentrations promote obesity and elicit alterations in key signaling pathways vital for maintaining adipose tissue metabolism.
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24
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Badraoui R, Ben-Nasr H, Bardakçi F, Rebai T. Pathophysiological impacts of exposure to an endocrine disruptor (tetradifon) on α-amylase and lipase activities associated metabolic disorders. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 167:104606. [PMID: 32527427 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2020.104606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We have investigated the effect of subchronic exposure to tetradifon (TDF), as an endocrine disruptor chemical, on some parameters related to serious metabolomic disorders such as obesity, type 2 diabetes and hyperlipidemia. TDF promoted significant increases in both duodenal and pancreatic α-amylase and lipase especially in the 12-weeks treated rats. Plasmatic glucose and lipid profile; total cholesterol (T-cholesterol), low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-c), high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-c) and glyceride, were markedly disrupted. Compared with controls, biochemical liver injury parameters: aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT), alanine aminotransferase (ALAT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were significantly increased. Moreover, notable pathological features were reported in liver tissues. These results confirm a strong relationship between exposure to an endocrine disruptor and metabolic disorders. In fact, subchronic exposure to TDF lead to lipidemic and glycemic disruption associated hyperactivity in both α-amylase and lipase. Overall, these disruptions could be an important step on the pathway to metabolic pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riadh Badraoui
- Department of Biology, University of Ha'il, 81451 Ha'il, Saudi Arabia; Laboratory of Histology - Cytology, Medicine College of Tunis, Tunis El Manar University, 1007 La Rabta-Tunis, Tunisia; Laboratory of Histo-Embryology and Cytogenetic, Medicine College of Sfax, Sfax University, Sfax 3029, Tunisia.
| | - Hmed Ben-Nasr
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Medicine College of Sfax, Sfax University, Sfax 3029, Tunisia
| | - Fevzi Bardakçi
- Department of Biology, University of Ha'il, 81451 Ha'il, Saudi Arabia; Department of Biology, Adnan Menderes University, Aydin 09100, Turkey
| | - Tarek Rebai
- Laboratory of Histo-Embryology and Cytogenetic, Medicine College of Sfax, Sfax University, Sfax 3029, Tunisia
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25
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Cook LE, Finger BJ, Green MP, Pask AJ. Exposure to atrazine during puberty reduces sperm viability, increases weight gain and alters the expression of key metabolic genes in the liver of male mice. Reprod Fertil Dev 2020; 31:920-931. [PMID: 30636190 DOI: 10.1071/rd18505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Atrazine (ATZ) is one of the most widely used herbicides worldwide and is a common contaminant in human drinking water. It disrupts metabolic pathways in plants, and has metabolic and reproductive effects in vertebrates, including humans. Few studies have investigated the effects of exposure to low doses of ATZ, especially during sexual development in males. In this study, we exposed C57BL/6J male mice from weaning for 8 weeks to drinking water containing 0.5mgkg-1 bodyweight (BW) day-1 ATZ, the 'no observed effect' level used by the Australian government, or a 10-fold higher dose (5mgkg-1 BW day-1). Mice treated with the low dose of ATZ showed increased total and cumulative weight gain. At 12 weeks of age, there was a significant increase in the percentage of dead spermatozoa in both ATZ-exposed groups, as well as decreased epididymal sperm motility in the low-dose ATZ group. Significant changes in testis and liver gene expression were also observed following ATZ exposure. These data demonstrate that a low dose of ATZ can perturb metabolic and reproductive characteristics in male mice. A chronic reduction in sperm quality and increased weight gain could have negative consequences on the reproductive capacity of males, and further studies should consider the effects of long-term ATZ exposure on male reproductive health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura E Cook
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic. 3010, Australia
| | - Bethany J Finger
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic. 3010, Australia
| | - Mark P Green
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic. 3010, Australia
| | - Andrew J Pask
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic. 3010, Australia
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Wahlang B, Jin J, Beier JI, Hardesty JE, Daly EF, Schnegelberger RD, Falkner KC, Prough RA, Kirpich IA, Cave MC. Mechanisms of Environmental Contributions to Fatty Liver Disease. Curr Environ Health Rep 2019; 6:80-94. [PMID: 31134516 PMCID: PMC6698418 DOI: 10.1007/s40572-019-00232-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Fatty liver disease (FLD) affects over 25% of the global population and may lead to liver-related mortality due to cirrhosis and liver cancer. FLD caused by occupational and environmental chemical exposures is termed "toxicant-associated steatohepatitis" (TASH). The current review addresses the scientific progress made in the mechanistic understanding of TASH since its initial description in 2010. RECENT FINDINGS Recently discovered modes of actions for volatile organic compounds and persistent organic pollutants include the following: (i) the endocrine-, metabolism-, and signaling-disrupting chemical hypotheses; (ii) chemical-nutrient interactions and the "two-hit" hypothesis. These key hypotheses were then reviewed in the context of the steatosis adverse outcome pathway (AOP) proposed by the US Environmental Protection Agency. The conceptual understanding of the contribution of environmental exposures to FLD has progressed significantly. However, because this is a new research area, more studies including mechanistic human data are required to address current knowledge gaps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Banrida Wahlang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
- University of Louisville Superfund Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Jian Jin
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Juliane I Beier
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
- Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Josiah E Hardesty
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Erica F Daly
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Regina D Schnegelberger
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - K Cameron Falkner
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Russell A Prough
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Irina A Kirpich
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
- Hepatobiology & Toxicology COBRE Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
- University of Louisville Alcohol Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Matthew C Cave
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.
- University of Louisville Superfund Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.
- Hepatobiology & Toxicology COBRE Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.
- University of Louisville Alcohol Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.
- The Robley Rex Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Louisville, KY, 40206, USA.
- The Jewish Hospital Liver Transplant Program, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.
- Kosair Charities Clinical & Translational Research Building, 505 South Hancock Street, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.
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27
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Yuan X, Pan Z, Jin C, Ni Y, Fu Z, Jin Y. Gut microbiota: An underestimated and unintended recipient for pesticide-induced toxicity. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 227:425-434. [PMID: 31003127 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.04.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Pesticide pollution residues have become increasingly common health hazards over the last several decades because of the wide use of pesticides. The gastrointestinal tract is the first physical and biological barrier to contaminated food and is therefore the first exposure site. Interestingly, a number of studies have shown that the gut microbiota plays a key role in the toxicity of pesticides and has a profound relationship with environmental animal and human health. For instance, intake of the pesticide of chlorpyrifos can promote obesity and insulin resistance through influencing gut and gut microbiota of mice. In this review, we discussed the possible effects of different kinds of widely used pesticides on the gut microbiota in different experimental models and analyzed their possible subsequent effects on the health of the host. More and more studies indicated that the gut microbiota of animals played a very important role in pesticides-induced toxicity, suggesting that gut micriobita was also the unintended recipient of pesticides. We hope that more attention can focus on the relationship between pesticides, gut microbiota and environmental health risk assessment in near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianling Yuan
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, PR China
| | - Zihong Pan
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, PR China
| | - Cuiyuan Jin
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, PR China
| | - Yinhua Ni
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, PR China
| | - Zhengwei Fu
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, PR China
| | - Yuanxiang Jin
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, PR China.
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Henderson AJ, Finger BJ, Scott AW, Harvey AJ, Green MP. Acute in vitro exposure to environmentally relevant atrazine levels perturbs bovine preimplantation embryo metabolism and cell number. Reprod Toxicol 2019; 87:87-96. [PMID: 31129258 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2019.05.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Atrazine is a widely used herbicide known to negatively alter endocrine systems and perturb metabolism. Preimplantation exposure to pesticides may adversely affect long-term health, however few studies examine the effect of environmental levels and whether specific periods of development are particularly sensitive. In this study, the effect of acute, preimplantation atrazine exposure (days 3.5-7.5 post-fertilization) at levels detected and deemed safe in drinking water (0.02 and 20 μg/L respectively) on in vitro bovine embryo development, quality, metabolism, and gene expression was investigated. Atrazine exposure had no effect on development or quality, but significantly reduced blastocyst total cell numbers, attributable to a decrease in trophectoderm cells. Notably, atrazine (20 μg/L) markedly increased carbohydrate metabolism. Therefore, short-term exposure to environmentally relevant atrazine concentrations perturbs bovine preimplantation embryo metabolism and cell number, highlighting a potential mechanism by which atrazine can mediate embryo viability and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashleigh J Henderson
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Bethany J Finger
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Alexander W Scott
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Alexandra J Harvey
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Mark P Green
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia.
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Wang D, Yan S, Yan J, Teng M, Meng Z, Li R, Zhou Z, Zhu W. Effects of triphenyl phosphate exposure during fetal development on obesity and metabolic dysfunctions in adult mice: Impaired lipid metabolism and intestinal dysbiosis. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 246:630-638. [PMID: 30605818 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.12.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Previous in vitro studies have implied that triphenyl phosphate (TPHP) may act as an obesogen. However, its specific contributions to the progression of obesity and related metabolic diseases are still unclear in vivo in mice. In this study, we evaluated the effects of in utero and lactational exposure to three doses of TPHP (10, 100, and 1000 μg/kg BW) on obesity and metabolic dysfunctions in adult male mice fed a low-fat diet (LFD) or high-fat diet (HFD), by examining body weight, liver weight, histopathology, blood biochemistry, gene expression, and gut microbiota compositions and metabolic functions. Results showed that TPHP exposure led to increased body weight, liver weight, fat mass, hepatic steatosis, impaired glucose homeostasis, and insulin resistance, and mRNA levels of genes involved in lipid metabolism, especially lipogenesis and lipid accumulation, were significantly altered by TPHP treatment. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis further supported the changes in fatty acid composition. Intestinal flora measurements by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and 1H NMR based fecal metabolomics indicated that TPHP treatment modulated gut microbiome composition and influenced host-gut co-metabolism, especially for bile acids and short chain fatty acids (SCFAs). These results suggest that fetal exposure to TPHP can promote the development of obesity and metabolic dysfunctions in adult mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dezhen Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, PR China
| | - Sen Yan
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, PR China
| | - Jin Yan
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, PR China
| | - Miaomiao Teng
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, PR China
| | - Zhiyuan Meng
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, PR China
| | - Ruisheng Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, PR China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhou
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, PR China
| | - Wentao Zhu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, PR China.
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Hook SE, Mondon J, Revill AT, Greenfield PA, Smith RA, Turner RDR, Corbett PA, Warne MSJ. Transcriptomic, lipid, and histological profiles suggest changes in health in fish from a pesticide hot spot. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2018; 140:299-321. [PMID: 29983192 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2018.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Barramundi (Lates calcarifer) were collected at the beginning (1st sampling) and end (2nd sampling) of the wet season from Sandy Creek, an agriculturally impacted catchment in the Mackay Whitsundays region of the Great Barrier Reef catchment area, and from Repulse Creek, located approximately 100 km north in Conway National Park, to assess the impacts of pesticide exposure. Gill and liver histology, lipid class composition in muscle, and the hepatic transcriptome were examined. The first sample of Repulse Creek fish showed little tissue damage and low transcript levels of xenobiotic metabolism enzymes. Sandy Creek fish showed altered transcriptomic patterns, including those that regulate lipid metabolism, xenobiotic metabolism, and immune response; gross histological alterations including lipidosis; and differences in some lipid classes. The second sampling of Repulse Creek fish showed similar alterations in hepatic transcriptome and tissue structure as fish from Sandy Creek. These changes may indicate a decrease in health of pesticide exposed fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon E Hook
- CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Lucas Heights, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - Julie Mondon
- Deakin University, Warrnambool, Victoria, Australia
| | | | | | - Rachael A Smith
- Queensland Department of Science and Environment, Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia
| | - Ryan D R Turner
- Queensland Department of Science and Environment, Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia
| | | | - Michael St J Warne
- Centre for Agroecology, Water and Resilience, Coventry University, United Kingdom; Queensland Department of Science and Environment, Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia; Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University, Queensland 4111, Australia; Queensland Alliance of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Queensland, Queensland, 4108, Australia
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31
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Jin C, Luo T, Fu Z, Jin Y. Chronic exposure of mice to low doses of imazalil induces hepatotoxicity at the physiological, biochemical, and transcriptomic levels. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2018; 33:650-658. [PMID: 29451352 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Revised: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Imazalil (IMZ), which is a widely used fungicide, can accumulate in the body and threaten an animal's health. However, this fungicide has adverse effects on aquatic organisms and ultimately affects human health when it leaches into the environment. Our research tried to determine that if IMZ might cause liver damage and its potential to cause-related diseases. In this study, male adult C57BL/6 mice were exposed to 0.1, 0.5, or 2.5 mg/kg body weight IMZ in drinking water for 15 weeks. Then, we evaluated the liver damage at the physiological, biochemical, and transcriptome levels in mice after chronic IMZ exposure. We observed serious ballooning degeneration of hepatocytes in the IMZ-treated groups. And IMZ induced oxidative stress and caused the disorders of bile acid metabolism in mice. In addition, the transcriptome data showed that IMZ has substantial influence on several pathways, including metabolic pathways for drug metabolism, RNA transport, and bile secretion. We further confirmed that the mRNA expression of the key genes involved in oxidative stress and bile acid metabolism were changed of mice exposed to IMZ. Our data suggested that chronic IMZ exposure could induce hepatotoxicity in mice at the physiological, biochemical, and transcriptome levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuiyuan Jin
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Ting Luo
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Zhengwei Fu
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Yuanxiang Jin
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
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Lukowicz C, Ellero-Simatos S, Régnier M, Polizzi A, Lasserre F, Montagner A, Lippi Y, Jamin EL, Martin JF, Naylies C, Canlet C, Debrauwer L, Bertrand-Michel J, Al Saati T, Théodorou V, Loiseau N, Mselli-Lakhal L, Guillou H, Gamet-Payrastre L. Metabolic Effects of a Chronic Dietary Exposure to a Low-Dose Pesticide Cocktail in Mice: Sexual Dimorphism and Role of the Constitutive Androstane Receptor. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2018; 126:067007. [PMID: 29950287 PMCID: PMC6084886 DOI: 10.1289/ehp2877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/28/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiological evidence suggests a link between pesticide exposure and the development of metabolic diseases. However, most experimental studies have evaluated the metabolic effects of pesticides using individual molecules, often at nonrelevant doses or in combination with other risk factors such as high-fat diets. OBJECTIVES We aimed to evaluate, in mice, the metabolic consequences of chronic dietary exposure to a pesticide mixture at nontoxic doses, relevant to consumers' risk assessment. METHODS A mixture of six pesticides commonly used in France, i.e., boscalid, captan, chlorpyrifos, thiofanate, thiacloprid, and ziram, was incorporated in a standard chow at doses exposing mice to the tolerable daily intake (TDI) of each pesticide. Wild-type (WT) and constitutive androstane receptor-deficient (CAR-/-) male and female mice were exposed for 52 wk. We assessed metabolic parameters [body weight (BW), food and water consumption, glucose tolerance, urinary metabolome] throughout the experiment. At the end of the experiment, we evaluated liver metabolism (histology, transcriptomics, metabolomics, lipidomics) and pesticide detoxification using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). RESULTS Compared to those fed control chow, WT male mice fed pesticide chow had greater BW gain and more adiposity. Moreover, these WT males fed pesticide chow exhibited characteristics of hepatic steatosis and glucose intolerance, which were not observed in those fed control chow. WT exposed female mice exhibited fasting hyperglycemia, higher reduced glutathione (GSH):oxidized glutathione (GSSG) liver ratio and perturbations of gut microbiota-related urinary metabolites compared to WT mice fed control chow. When we performed these experiments on CAR-/- mice, pesticide-exposed CAR-/- males did not exhibit BW gain or changes in glucose metabolism compared to the CAR-/- males fed control chow. Moreover, CAR-/- females fed pesticide chow exhibited pesticide toxicity with higher BWs and mortality rate compared to the CAR-/- females fed control chow. CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, we are the first to demonstrate a sexually dimorphic obesogenic and diabetogenic effect of chronic dietary exposure to a common mixture of pesticides at TDI levels, and to provide evidence for a partial role for CAR in an in vivo mouse model. This raises questions about the relevance of TDI for individual pesticides when present in a mixture. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP2877.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Lukowicz
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Sandrine Ellero-Simatos
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Marion Régnier
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Arnaud Polizzi
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Frédéric Lasserre
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Alexandra Montagner
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Yannick Lippi
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Emilien L Jamin
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
- Axiom Platform, MetaToul-MetaboHUB, National Infrastructure for Metabolomics and Fluxomics, Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-François Martin
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Claire Naylies
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Cécile Canlet
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
- Axiom Platform, MetaToul-MetaboHUB, National Infrastructure for Metabolomics and Fluxomics, Toulouse, France
| | - Laurent Debrauwer
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
- Axiom Platform, MetaToul-MetaboHUB, National Infrastructure for Metabolomics and Fluxomics, Toulouse, France
| | - Justine Bertrand-Michel
- Plateforme Lipidomique Inserm/UPS UMR 1048 - I2MC Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Toulouse, France
| | - Talal Al Saati
- Service d’histopathologie Expérimentale Unité Inserm/UPS/ENVT -US006/CREFRE Inserm, Bât. F, CHU Purpan, Toulouse, France
| | - Vassilia Théodorou
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Nicolas Loiseau
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Laïla Mselli-Lakhal
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Hervé Guillou
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Laurence Gamet-Payrastre
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
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Gao N, Hu R, Huang Y, Dao L, Zhang C, Liu Y, Wu L, Wang X, Yin W, Gore AC, Sun Z. Specific effects of prenatal DEHP exposure on neuroendocrine gene expression in the developing hypothalamus of male rats. Arch Toxicol 2017; 92:501-512. [PMID: 28871463 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-017-2049-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Endocrine disrupting chemicals may disrupt developing neuroendocrine systems, especially when the exposure occurs during a critical period. This study aimed to investigate whether prenatal exposure to di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), a major component of plasticizers used worldwide, disrupted the development of a network of genes important for neuroendocrine function in male rats. Pregnant rats were treated with corn oil (vehicle control), 2, 10 or 50 mg/kg DEHP by gavage from gestational day 14 to 19. The neuroendocrine gene expressions were quantified using a 48-gene Taqman qPCR array in the whole hypothalamus of neonatal rats (postnatal day 1) and in the anteroventral periventricular nucleus (AVPV), medial preoptic nucleus (MPN) and arcuate nucleus (ARC) of adult rats (postnatal day 70). Immunofluorescent signals of ERα and CYP19 were detected using the confocal microscopy in adult AVPV, MPN and ARC. The results showed that prenatal DEHP exposure perturbed somatic and reproductive development of offspring. Eleven genes were down-regulated in neonatal hypothalamus and showed non-monotonic dose-response relationships, that the 10 mg/kg DEHP dosage was associated with the greatest number of gene expression changes. Different from this, 14 genes were altered in adult AVPV, MPN and ARC and most of alterations were found in the 50 mg/kg DEHP group. Also, 50 mg/kg DEHP reduced ERα expression in the ARC, but no alterations were observed in CYP19 expression. These results indicated that prenatal DEHP exposure may perturb hypothalamic gene programming and the influences are permanent. The effects showed dependence on developmental stages and nuclei region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Gao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, No. 22 Qixiangtai Rd., Heping Dist., Tianjin, 300070, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruixia Hu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, No. 22 Qixiangtai Rd., Heping Dist., Tianjin, 300070, People's Republic of China
| | - Yujing Huang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, No. 22 Qixiangtai Rd., Heping Dist., Tianjin, 300070, People's Republic of China
| | - Long Dao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, No. 22 Qixiangtai Rd., Heping Dist., Tianjin, 300070, People's Republic of China
| | - Caifeng Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, No. 22 Qixiangtai Rd., Heping Dist., Tianjin, 300070, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongzhe Liu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, No. 22 Qixiangtai Rd., Heping Dist., Tianjin, 300070, People's Republic of China
| | - Lina Wu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, No. 22 Qixiangtai Rd., Heping Dist., Tianjin, 300070, People's Republic of China
| | - Xutong Wang
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Weiling Yin
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Andrea C Gore
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Zengrong Sun
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, No. 22 Qixiangtai Rd., Heping Dist., Tianjin, 300070, People's Republic of China.
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Nadal A, Quesada I, Tudurí E, Nogueiras R, Alonso-Magdalena P. Endocrine-disrupting chemicals and the regulation of energy balance. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2017; 13:536-546. [PMID: 28524168 DOI: 10.1038/nrendo.2017.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Energy balance involves the adjustment of food intake, energy expenditure and body fat reserves through homeostatic pathways. These pathways include a multitude of biochemical reactions, as well as hormonal cues. Dysfunction of this homeostatic control system results in common metabolism-related pathologies, which include obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Metabolism-disrupting chemicals (MDCs) are a particular class of endocrine-disrupting chemicals that affect energy homeostasis. MDCs affect multiple endocrine mechanisms and thus different cell types that are implicated in metabolic control. MDCs affect gene expression and the biosynthesis of key enzymes, hormones and adipokines that are essential for controlling energy homeostasis. This multifaceted spectrum of actions precludes compensatory responses and favours metabolic disorders. Herein, we review the main mechanisms used by MDCs to alter energy balance. This work should help to identify new MDCs, as well as novel targets of their action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angel Nadal
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM) and Institute of Bioengineering, Miguel Hernández University of Elche, Avda Universidad s/n, 03202 Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | - Ivan Quesada
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM) and Institute of Bioengineering, Miguel Hernández University of Elche, Avda Universidad s/n, 03202 Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | - Eva Tudurí
- Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias (IDIS), Centro Singular de Investigación en Medicina Molecular y Enfermedades Crónicas (CiMUS) and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Avda. Barcelona s/n, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Rubén Nogueiras
- Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias (IDIS), Centro Singular de Investigación en Medicina Molecular y Enfermedades Crónicas (CiMUS) and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Avda. Barcelona s/n, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Department of Physiology, Centro Singular de Investigación en Medicina Molecular y Enfermedades Crónicas (CiMUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, Calle San Francisco s/n, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Paloma Alonso-Magdalena
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM) and Institute of Bioengineering, Miguel Hernández University of Elche, Avda Universidad s/n, 03202 Elche, Alicante, Spain
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35
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Kassotis CD, Hoffman K, Stapleton HM. Characterization of Adipogenic Activity of House Dust Extracts and Semi-Volatile Indoor Contaminants in 3T3-L1 Cells. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:8735-8745. [PMID: 28699343 PMCID: PMC5755695 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b01788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Obesity and metabolic disorders are of great societal concern and generate significant human health care costs. Recently, attention has focused on the potential for environmental contaminants to act as metabolic disruptors. This study sought to evaluate the adipogenic activity of indoor house dust extracts and a suite of semivolatile organic chemicals (SVOCs) that are often ubiquitously detected in indoor environments. 3T3-L1 cells were exposed to extracts of indoor dust or individual SVOCs and assessed for triglyceride accumulation and preadipocyte proliferation. Ten of 11 house dust extracts exhibited significant triglyceride accumulation and/or proliferation at environmentally relevant levels (<20 μg of dust/well), and significant adipogenic activity was also exhibited by 28 of the SVOCs. Notably, pyraclostrobin, dibutyl phthalate, tert-butyl-phenyl diphenyl phosphate, and the isopropylated triaryl phosphates (ITPs) exhibited near maximal or supra-maximal triglyceride accumulation relative to the rosiglitazone-induced maximum. The adipogenic activity in house dust occurred at concentrations below EPA estimated child exposure levels, and raises concerns for human health impacts, particularly in children. Our results delineate a novel potential health threat and identify putative causative SVOCs that are likely contributing to this activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kate Hoffman
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708
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Abstract
A growing epidemic of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is paralleling the increase in the incidence of obesity and diabetes mellitus in countries that consume a Western diet. As NAFLD can lead to life-threatening conditions such as cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, an understanding of the factors that trigger its development and pathological progression is needed. Although by definition this disease is not associated with alcohol consumption, exposure to environmental agents that have been linked to other diseases might have a role in the development of NAFLD. Here, we focus on one class of these agents, endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), and their potential to influence the initiation and progression of a cascade of pathological conditions associated with hepatic steatosis (fatty liver). Experimental studies have revealed several potential mechanisms by which EDC exposure might contribute to disease pathogenesis, including the modulation of nuclear hormone receptor function and the alteration of the epigenome. However, many questions remain to be addressed about the causal link between acute and chronic EDC exposure and the development of NAFLD in humans. Future studies that address these questions hold promise not only for understanding the linkage between EDC exposure and liver disease but also for elucidating the molecular mechanisms that underpin NAFLD, which in turn could facilitate the development of new prevention and treatment opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles E Foulds
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine
- Center for Precision Environmental Health, Baylor College of Medicine
| | - Lindsey S Treviño
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine
- Center for Precision Environmental Health, Baylor College of Medicine
| | - Brian York
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine
- Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine
| | - Cheryl L Walker
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine
- Center for Precision Environmental Health, Baylor College of Medicine
- Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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Heindel JJ, Blumberg B, Cave M, Machtinger R, Mantovani A, Mendez MA, Nadal A, Palanza P, Panzica G, Sargis R, Vandenberg LN, Vom Saal F. Metabolism disrupting chemicals and metabolic disorders. Reprod Toxicol 2017; 68:3-33. [PMID: 27760374 PMCID: PMC5365353 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2016.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 639] [Impact Index Per Article: 91.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Revised: 09/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The recent epidemics of metabolic diseases, obesity, type 2 diabetes(T2D), liver lipid disorders and metabolic syndrome have largely been attributed to genetic background and changes in diet, exercise and aging. However, there is now considerable evidence that other environmental factors may contribute to the rapid increase in the incidence of these metabolic diseases. This review will examine changes to the incidence of obesity, T2D and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the contribution of genetics to these disorders and describe the role of the endocrine system in these metabolic disorders. It will then specifically focus on the role of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in the etiology of obesity, T2D and NAFLD while finally integrating the information on EDCs on multiple metabolic disorders that could lead to metabolic syndrome. We will specifically examine evidence linking EDC exposures during critical periods of development with metabolic diseases that manifest later in life and across generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerrold J Heindel
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Division of Extramural Research and Training Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
| | - Bruce Blumberg
- University of California, Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, Irvine CA, USA
| | - Mathew Cave
- University of Louisville, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Louisville KY, USA
| | | | | | - Michelle A Mendez
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, School of Public Health, Chapel Hill NC, USA
| | - Angel Nadal
- Institute of Bioengineering and CIBERDEM, Miguel Hernandez University of Elche, Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | - Paola Palanza
- University of Parma, Department of Neurosciences, Parma, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Panzica
- University of Turin, Department of Neuroscience and Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), Turin, Italy
| | - Robert Sargis
- University of Chicago, Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Laura N Vandenberg
- University of Massachusetts, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health & Health Sciences, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Frederick Vom Saal
- University of Missouri, Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia, MO, USA
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Wu T, Jiang J, Yang L, Li H, Zhang W, Chen Y, Zhao B, Kong B, Lu P, Zhao Z, Zhu J, Fu Z. Timing of glucocorticoid administration determines severity of lipid metabolism and behavioral effects in rats. Chronobiol Int 2016; 34:78-92. [PMID: 27791398 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2016.1238831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GCs) are a group of steroid hormones secreted by the adrenal glands in circadian cycles, and the dysregulation of GC signaling has been suggested to cause metabolic syndrome. Even though prolonged GC exposure is associated with serious side effects such as metabolic syndrome and central nervous system disorders, the use of GCs in anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive therapies has been continuously rising. Meanwhile, the exact mechanisms by which GCs can influence the lipid metabolism as well as behavior and how they are affected by time remain unknown. In this study, the effects of two different long-term GC dosing regimens on lipid metabolism and behavior were investigated. Male Wistar rats received daily administrations of the GC dexamethasone sodium phosphate (DEX, 0.5 mg/kg body weight) at either ZT0 (Dex0) or ZT12 (Dex12). After 6 weeks of treatment, DEX-treated rats, especially those treated at ZT0, had higher hepatic lipid accumulation and serum triglyceride levels and less locomotor activity than did control rats. In addition, serum levels of corticosterone, 5-hydroxy tryptamine and norepinephrine were decreased in the Dex0 group but not in the Dex12 group compared to the control group. Furthermore, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis indicated that the chronic administration of GCs at ZT0 upregulated genes related to glycolysis and lipid synthesis and downregulated genes related to fatty acid β-oxidation in the liver more remarkably than administration at ZT12. Both DEX-treated groups displayed severely altered expression patterns of the core clock genes Bmal1 and Per2 in the liver and in fat. In addition, the expression of glutamate aspartate transporter, glial fibrillary acidic protein and glutamate transporter-1, astrocyte-related genes important for maintaining nervous system functions, was drastically decreased in the hippocampus of DEX-treated rats, especially when DEX was given at ZT0. In conclusion, our findings confirm that the severity of side effects, indicated by altered lipid metabolism and behavioral activity, depends on the timing of GC administration and is associated with the degree of glucocorticoid receptor dysfunction after dosing at disparate time points.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wu
- a College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering , Zhejiang University of Technology , Zhejiang , China
| | - Jianguo Jiang
- a College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering , Zhejiang University of Technology , Zhejiang , China
| | - Luna Yang
- a College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering , Zhejiang University of Technology , Zhejiang , China
| | - Haifeng Li
- b Children's Hospital , Zhejiang University School of Medicine , Zhejiang , China
| | - Wanjing Zhang
- a College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering , Zhejiang University of Technology , Zhejiang , China
| | - Yangyang Chen
- a College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering , Zhejiang University of Technology , Zhejiang , China
| | - Binggong Zhao
- a College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering , Zhejiang University of Technology , Zhejiang , China
| | - Boda Kong
- a College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering , Zhejiang University of Technology , Zhejiang , China
| | - Ping Lu
- a College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering , Zhejiang University of Technology , Zhejiang , China
| | - Zhenzhen Zhao
- a College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering , Zhejiang University of Technology , Zhejiang , China
| | - Jiawei Zhu
- a College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering , Zhejiang University of Technology , Zhejiang , China
| | - Zhengwei Fu
- a College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering , Zhejiang University of Technology , Zhejiang , China
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Hao C, Gely-Pernot A, Kervarrec C, Boudjema M, Becker E, Khil P, Tevosian S, Jégou B, Smagulova F. Exposure to the widely used herbicide atrazine results in deregulation of global tissue-specific RNA transcription in the third generation and is associated with a global decrease of histone trimethylation in mice. Nucleic Acids Res 2016; 44:9784-9802. [PMID: 27655631 PMCID: PMC5175363 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkw840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Revised: 09/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The epigenetic events imposed during germline reprogramming and affected by harmful exposure can be inherited and transferred to subsequent generations via gametes inheritance. In this study, we examine the transgenerational effects promoted by widely used herbicide atrazine (ATZ). We exposed pregnant outbred CD1 female mice and the male progeny was crossed for three generations with untreated females. We demonstrate here that exposure to ATZ affects meiosis, spermiogenesis and reduces the spermatozoa number in the third generation (F3) male mice. We suggest that changes in testis cell types originate from modified transcriptional network in undifferentiated spermatogonia. Importantly, exposure to ATZ dramatically increases the number of transcripts with novel transcription initiation sites, spliced variants and alternative polyadenylation sites. We found the global decrease in H3K4me3 occupancy in the third generation males. The regions with altered H3K4me3 occupancy in F3 ATZ-derived males correspond to altered H3K4me3 occupancy of F1 generation and 74% of changed peaks in F3 generation are associated with enhancers. The regions with altered H3K4me3 occupancy are enriched in SP family and WT1 transcription factor binding sites. Our data suggest that the embryonic exposure to ATZ affects the development and the changes induced by ATZ are transferred up to three generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxiang Hao
- Inserm U1085 IRSET, 9 Avenue du Professeur Léon-Bernard, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Aurore Gely-Pernot
- Inserm U1085 IRSET, 9 Avenue du Professeur Léon-Bernard, 35000 Rennes, France.,EHESP, 2 Avenue du Professeur Léon-Bernard, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Christine Kervarrec
- Inserm U1085 IRSET, 9 Avenue du Professeur Léon-Bernard, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Melissa Boudjema
- Inserm U1085 IRSET, 9 Avenue du Professeur Léon-Bernard, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Emmanuelle Becker
- Inserm U1085 IRSET, 9 Avenue du Professeur Léon-Bernard, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Pavel Khil
- Clinical Center, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sergei Tevosian
- University of Florida, Department of Physiological Sciences, Box 100144, 1333 Center Drive, 32610 Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Bernard Jégou
- Inserm U1085 IRSET, 9 Avenue du Professeur Léon-Bernard, 35000 Rennes, France.,EHESP, 2 Avenue du Professeur Léon-Bernard, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Fatima Smagulova
- Inserm U1085 IRSET, 9 Avenue du Professeur Léon-Bernard, 35000 Rennes, France
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40
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Truter JC, van Wyk JH, Oberholster PJ, Botha AM, Luus-Powell WJ. The expression of selected genes linked to metabolic homeostasis in obese pansteatitis-suffering Mozambique tilapia, Oreochromis mossambicus (Peters). JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2016; 39:69-85. [PMID: 25413848 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Revised: 10/06/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The Oreochromis mossambicus (Peters) population inhabiting Lake Loskop, South Africa, is characterized by a high incidence of obesity and pansteatitis. We investigated potential links between the impaired health of Lake Loskop O. mossambicus and the endocrine system by assessing the expression of selected genes associated with the thyroid and adrenal endocrine axes as well as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (pparg). Moreover, contaminant-induced thyroid and/or metabolic modulation in Lake Loskop water was evaluated using juvenile O. mossambicus in laboratory exposures. The expression of thyroid hormone receptor alpha (thra) and type 2 deiodinase (dio2) was higher in Lake Loskop O. mossambicus than fish from another population, suggesting a degree of thyroid disruption. The altered gene expression may be a consequence, rather than cause of obesity. Expression of dio2 and pparg was higher in juvenile O. mossambicus exposed to unfiltered compared to filtered lake water, and our data suggest fasting as causative factor. Micro-organism abundance can therefore be a confounding factor in studies applying molecular markers to test for thyroid modulation by environmental waters. Pansteatitis was not a significant source of variance in the expression of any of the genes investigated, suggesting that the disease is not associated with disrupted endocrine signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Truter
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - J H van Wyk
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - P J Oberholster
- CSIR Natural Resources and the Environment, Stellenbosch, South Africa
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, South Africa
| | - A-M Botha
- Department of Genetics, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - W J Luus-Powell
- Department of Biodiversity, University of Limpopo, Sovenga, South Africa
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41
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Brinzer RA, Henderson L, Marchiondo AA, Woods DJ, Davies SA, Dow JAT. Metabolomic profiling of permethrin-treated Drosophila melanogaster identifies a role for tryptophan catabolism in insecticide survival. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2015; 67:74-86. [PMID: 26474926 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2015.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Revised: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Insecticides and associated synergists are rapidly losing efficacy in target insect pest populations making the discovery of alternatives a priority. To discover novel targets for permethrin synergists, metabolomics was performed on permethrin-treated Drosophila melanogaster. Changes were observed in several metabolic pathways including those for amino acids, glycogen, glycolysis, energy, nitrogen, NAD(+), purine, pyrimidine, lipids and carnitine. Markers for acidosis, ammonia stress, oxidative stress and detoxification responses were also observed. Many of these changes had not been previously characterized after permethrin exposure. From the altered pathways, tryptophan catabolism was selected for further investigation. The knockdown of some tryptophan catabolism genes (vermilion, cinnabar and CG6950) in the whole fly and in specific tissues including fat body, midgut and Malpighian tubules using targeted RNAi resulted in altered survival phenotypes against acute topical permethrin exposure. The knockdown of vermilion, cinnabar and CG6950 in the whole fly also altered survival phenotypes against chronic oral permethrin, fenvalerate, DDT, chlorpyriphos and hydramethylnon exposure. Thus tryptophan catabolism has a previously uncharacterized role in defence against insecticides, and shows that metabolomics is a powerful tool for target identification in pesticide research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Brinzer
- Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - Louise Henderson
- Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | | | | | - Shireen A Davies
- Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - Julian A T Dow
- Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, UK.
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42
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Rodríguez-Estival J, North MA, Smits JEG. Sublethal health effects in laboratory rodents from environmentally relevant exposures to oil sands contaminants. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2015; 34:2884-2897. [PMID: 26139097 DOI: 10.1002/etc.3145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2015] [Revised: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Increasing activity of oil sands extraction and processing in northern Alberta is marked by ongoing controversy about the nature and extent of associated environmental impacts. Bitumen contains a mixture of toxic chemicals, including metals and residual polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), whose release into the environment poses a distinct risk to the surrounding environment, plus wildlife and human health. In the present study, the authors evaluated several subclinical biomarkers of exposure and effect to mixtures of metals (Pb, Cd, and Hg) and/or PAHs (3 alkylated forms) at environmentally relevant concentrations (100-fold and 10-fold higher than the maximum dissolved concentrations found in snow, to simulate a worst-case scenario), using laboratory mice as a model for future studies of small mammals in the wild. Both metals and alkyl-PAHs exposure were associated with 1) increased relative liver, kidney, and spleen size; 2) alterations in the homeostasis of the antioxidant vitamins A and E in liver; and 3) compromised glutathione redox status in testes, with results also indicating synergistic interactions from co-exposure. The combination of morphometric and oxidative stress biomarkers provide reliable and sensitive measures of the response to contaminant exposure in a mammalian model, suggesting associated physiological costs. Based on the present experimental study, the authors propose that wild small mammals will prove to be valuable sentinel species reflecting sublethal health effects from oil sands-related contaminants. The present study's results also present a basis for the interpretation of future field data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Rodríguez-Estival
- Department of Ecosystem and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Michelle A North
- Department of Ecosystem and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Judit E G Smits
- Department of Ecosystem and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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43
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Zhang S, Jin Y, Zeng Z, Liu Z, Fu Z. Subchronic Exposure of Mice to Cadmium Perturbs Their Hepatic Energy Metabolism and Gut Microbiome. Chem Res Toxicol 2015; 28:2000-9. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.5b00237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Songbin Zhang
- College of Biological and
Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Yuanxiang Jin
- College of Biological and
Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Zhaoyang Zeng
- College of Biological and
Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Zhenzhen Liu
- College of Biological and
Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Zhengwei Fu
- College of Biological and
Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
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44
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Wu T, Shu Q, Yang K, Xie X, Wang X, Wang Y, Guo A, Yuan N, Zhao B, Chi B, Wu Q, Fu Z. Ameliorating effects of Inonotus obliquus on high fat diet-induced obese rats. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2015; 47:755-7. [PMID: 26243028 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmv073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wu
- College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China Ocean College, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Qingyu Shu
- College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Kai Yang
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Xiaoxian Xie
- College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Xia Wang
- College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Yangling Wang
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Anqi Guo
- College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Nate Yuan
- College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Binggong Zhao
- College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Binbin Chi
- College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Qiaobei Wu
- College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Zhengwei Fu
- College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
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45
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Jin Y, Zeng Z, Wu Y, Zhang S, Fu Z. Oral Exposure of Mice to Carbendazim Induces Hepatic Lipid Metabolism Disorder and Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis. Toxicol Sci 2015; 147:116-26. [DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfv115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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46
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Santos RR, Schoevers EJ, Roelen BAJ. Usefulness of bovine and porcine IVM/IVF models for reproductive toxicology. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2014; 12:117. [PMID: 25427762 PMCID: PMC4258035 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7827-12-117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Women presenting fertility problems are often helped by Assisted Reproductive Techniques (ART), such as in vitro fertilization (IVF) programs. However, in many cases the etiology of the in/subfertility remains unknown even after treatment. Although several aspects should be considered when assisting a woman with problems to conceive, a survey on the patients' exposure to contaminants would help to understand the cause of the fertility problem, as well as to follow the patient properly during IVF. Daily exposure to toxic compounds, mainly environmental and dietary ones, may result in reproductive impairment. For instance, because affects oocyte developmental competence. Many of these compounds, natural or synthetic, are endocrine disruptors or endocrine active substances that may impair reproduction. To understand the risks and the mechanism of action of such chemicals in human cells, the use of proper in vitro models is essential. The present review proposes the bovine and porcine models to evaluate toxic compounds on oocyte maturation, fertilization and embryo production in vitro. Moreover, we discuss here the species-specific differences when mice, bovine and porcine are used as models for human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regiane R Santos
- />Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University,TD Utrecht,, P.O Box 80152, 3508 The Netherlands
- />Laboratory of Wild Animal Biology and Medicine, Federal University of Pará,, Rua Augusto Corrêa,Belém, CEP 66075-110 Pará Brazil
| | - Eric J Schoevers
- />Department of Farm Animal Health, Utrecht University,, Yalelaan, 104, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Bernard AJ Roelen
- />Department of Farm Animal Health, Utrecht University,, Yalelaan, 104, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands
- />Department of Equine Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan, 104, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands
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47
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Schmidel AJ, Assmann KL, Werlang CC, Bertoncello KT, Francescon F, Rambo CL, Beltrame GM, Calegari D, Batista CB, Blaser RE, Roman Júnior WA, Conterato GMM, Piato AL, Zanatta L, Magro JD, Rosemberg DB. Subchronic atrazine exposure changes defensive behaviour profile and disrupts brain acetylcholinesterase activity of zebrafish. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2014; 44:62-9. [PMID: 24893294 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2014.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Revised: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 05/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Animal behaviour is the interaction between environment and an individual organism, which also can be influenced by its neighbours. Variations in environmental conditions, as those caused by contaminants, may lead to neurochemical impairments altering the pattern of the behavioural repertoire of the species. Atrazine (ATZ) is an herbicide widely used in agriculture that is frequently detected in surface water, affecting non-target species. The zebrafish is a valuable model organism to assess behavioural and neurochemical effects of different contaminants since it presents a robust behavioural repertoire and also all major neurotransmitter systems described for mammalian species. The goal of this study was to evaluate the effects of subchronic ATZ exposure in defensive behaviours of zebrafish (shoaling, thigmotaxis, and depth preference) using the split depth tank. Furthermore, to investigate a putative role of cholinergic signalling on ATZ-mediated effects, we tested whether this herbicide alters acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in brain and muscle preparations. Fish were exposed to ATZ for 14days and the following groups were tested: control (0.2% acetone) and ATZ (10 and 1000μg/L). The behaviour of four animals in the same tank was recorded for 6min and biological samples were prepared. Our results showed that 1000μg/L ATZ significantly increased the inter-fish distance, as well as the nearest and farthest neighbour distances. This group also presented an increase in the shoal area with decreased social interaction. No significant differences were detected for the number of animals in the shallow area, latency to enter the shallow and time spent in shallow and deep areas of the apparatus, but the ATZ 1000 group spent significantly more time near the walls. Although ATZ did not affect muscular AChE, it significantly reduced AChE activity in brain. Exposure to 10μg/L ATZ did not affect behaviour or AChE activity. These data suggest that ATZ impairs defensive behaviours of zebrafish, which could be related to its action on brain cholinergic neurotransmission. Moreover, the use of the split depth tank could be an alternative strategy to assess group behaviour and depth preference after exposure to chemical compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ademir J Schmidel
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Ambientais, Área de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Comunitária da Região de Chapecó, Avenida Senador Attílio Fontana, 591E, 89809-000 Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Karla L Assmann
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Ambientais, Área de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Comunitária da Região de Chapecó, Avenida Senador Attílio Fontana, 591E, 89809-000 Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Chariane C Werlang
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Ambientais, Área de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Comunitária da Região de Chapecó, Avenida Senador Attílio Fontana, 591E, 89809-000 Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Kanandra T Bertoncello
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Ambientais, Área de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Comunitária da Região de Chapecó, Avenida Senador Attílio Fontana, 591E, 89809-000 Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Francini Francescon
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Ambientais, Área de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Comunitária da Região de Chapecó, Avenida Senador Attílio Fontana, 591E, 89809-000 Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Cassiano L Rambo
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Ambientais, Área de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Comunitária da Região de Chapecó, Avenida Senador Attílio Fontana, 591E, 89809-000 Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Gabriela M Beltrame
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Ambientais, Área de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Comunitária da Região de Chapecó, Avenida Senador Attílio Fontana, 591E, 89809-000 Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Daiane Calegari
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Ambientais, Área de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Comunitária da Região de Chapecó, Avenida Senador Attílio Fontana, 591E, 89809-000 Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Cibele B Batista
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Zoologia, Faculdade de Biociências, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Ipiranga, 6681, 90619-900, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Rachel E Blaser
- Department of Psychology, University of San Diego, 5998 Alcala Park, San Diego, CA 92110, USA
| | - Walter A Roman Júnior
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Ambientais, Área de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Comunitária da Região de Chapecó, Avenida Senador Attílio Fontana, 591E, 89809-000 Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Greicy M M Conterato
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Ambientais, Área de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Comunitária da Região de Chapecó, Avenida Senador Attílio Fontana, 591E, 89809-000 Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Angelo L Piato
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Ambientais, Área de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Comunitária da Região de Chapecó, Avenida Senador Attílio Fontana, 591E, 89809-000 Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Leila Zanatta
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Ambientais, Área de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Comunitária da Região de Chapecó, Avenida Senador Attílio Fontana, 591E, 89809-000 Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Jacir Dal Magro
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Ambientais, Área de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Comunitária da Região de Chapecó, Avenida Senador Attílio Fontana, 591E, 89809-000 Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Denis B Rosemberg
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Ambientais, Área de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Comunitária da Região de Chapecó, Avenida Senador Attílio Fontana, 591E, 89809-000 Chapecó, SC, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Excitotoxicidade e Neuroproteção (INCT-EN), 90035-003, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Zebrafish Neuroscience Research Consortium (ZNRC).
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