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Li YT, Liu DH, Luo Y, Abbas Khan M, Mahmood Alam S, Liu YZ. Transcriptome analysis reveals the key network of axillary bud outgrowth modulated by topping in citrus. Gene 2024; 926:148623. [PMID: 38821328 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Topping, an important tree shaping and pruning technique, can promote the outgrowth of citrus axillary buds. However, the underlying molecular mechanism is still unclear. In this study, spring shoots of Citrus reticulata 'Huagan No.2' were topped and transcriptome was compared between axillary buds of topped and untopped shoots at 6 and 11 days after topping (DAT). 1944 and 2394 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were found at 6 and 11 DAT, respectively. KEGG analysis revealed that many DEGs were related to starch and sucrose metabolism, signal transduction of auxin, cytokinin and abscisic acid. Specially, transcript levels of auxin synthesis, transport, and signaling-related genes (SAURs and ARF5), cytokinin signal transduction related genes (CRE1, AHP and Type-A ARRs), ABA signal responsive genes (PYL and ABF) were up-regulated by topping; while transcript levels of auxin receptor TIR1, auxin responsive genes AUX/IAAs, ABA signal transduction related gene PP2Cs and synthesis related genes NCED3 were down-regulated. On the other hand, the contents of sucrose and fructose in axillary buds of topped shoots were significantly higher than those in untopped shoots; transcript levels of 16 genes related to sucrose synthase, hexokinase, sucrose phosphate synthase, endoglucanase and glucosidase, were up-regulated in axillary buds after topping. In addition, transcript levels of genes related to trehalose 6-phosphate metabolism and glycolysis/tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, as well to some transcription factors including Pkinase, Pkinase_Tyr, Kinesin, AP2/ERF, P450, MYB, NAC and Cyclin_c, significantly responded to topping. Taken together, the present results suggested that topping promoted citrus axillary bud outgrowth through comprehensively regulating plant hormone and carbohydrate metabolism, as well as signal transduction. These results deepened our understanding of citrus axillary bud outgrowth by topping and laid a foundation for further research on the molecular mechanisms of citrus axillary bud outgrowth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ting Li
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops / College of Horticulture & Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Dong-Hai Liu
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops / College of Horticulture & Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Yin Luo
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops / College of Horticulture & Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Muhammad Abbas Khan
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops / College of Horticulture & Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Shariq Mahmood Alam
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops / College of Horticulture & Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Yong-Zhong Liu
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops / College of Horticulture & Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China.
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Gastaldi V, Nicolas M, Muñoz-Gasca A, Cubas P, Gonzalez DH, Lucero L. Class I TCP transcription factors TCP14 and TCP15 promote axillary branching in Arabidopsis by counteracting the action of Class II TCP BRANCHED1. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 243:1810-1822. [PMID: 38970467 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
Shoot branching is determined by a balance between factors that promote axillary bud dormancy and factors that release buds from the quiescent state. The TCP family of transcription factors is classified into two classes, Class I and Class II, which usually play different roles. While the role of the Class II TCP BRANCHED1 (BRC1) in suppressing axillary bud development in Arabidopsis thaliana has been widely explored, the function of Class I TCPs in this process remains unknown. We analyzed the role of Class I TCP14 and TCP15 in axillary branch development in Arabidopsis through a series of genetic and molecular studies. In contrast to the increased branch number shown by brc1 mutants, tcp14 tcp15 plants exhibit a reduced number of branches compared with wild-type. Our findings provide evidence that TCP14 and TCP15 act by counteracting BRC1 function through two distinct mechanisms. First, they indirectly reduce BRC1 expression levels. Additionally, TCP15 directly interacts with BRC1 decoying it from chromatin and thereby preventing the transcriptional activation of a set of BRC1-dependent genes. We describe a molecular mechanism by which Class I TCPs physically antagonize the action of the Class II TCP BRC1, aligning with their opposite roles in axillary bud development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Gastaldi
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral (CONICET-UNL), FBCB/FHUC, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Colectora Ruta Nacional 168 km 0, Santa Fe, 3000, Argentina
| | - Michael Nicolas
- Department of Plant Molecular Genetics, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Campus Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - Aitor Muñoz-Gasca
- Department of Plant Molecular Genetics, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Campus Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - Pilar Cubas
- Department of Plant Molecular Genetics, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Campus Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - Daniel H Gonzalez
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral (CONICET-UNL), FBCB/FHUC, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Colectora Ruta Nacional 168 km 0, Santa Fe, 3000, Argentina
| | - Leandro Lucero
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral (CONICET-UNL), FBCB/FHUC, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Colectora Ruta Nacional 168 km 0, Santa Fe, 3000, Argentina
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Wen R, Zhu M, Yu J, Kou L, Ahmad S, Wei X, Jiao G, Hu S, Sheng Z, Zhao F, Tang S, Shao G, Yu H, Hu P. Photosynthesis regulates tillering bud elongation and nitrogen-use efficiency via sugar-induced NGR5 in rice. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 243:1440-1454. [PMID: 38923565 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Rice tillering is one of the most important agronomical traits largely determining grain yield. Photosynthesis and nitrogen availability are two important factors affecting rice tiller bud elongation; however, underlying mechanism and their cross-talk is poorly understood. Here, we used map-based cloning, transcriptome profiling, phenotypic analysis, and molecular genetics to understand the roles of the Decreased Tiller Number 1 (DTN1) gene that encodes the fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase and involves in photosynthesis required for light-induced axillary bud elongation in rice. Deficiency of DTN1 results in the reduced photosynthetic rate and decreased contents of sucrose and other sugars in both leaves and axillary buds, and the reduced tiller number in dtn1 mutant could be partially rescued by exogenous sucrose treatment. Furthermore, we found that the expression of nitrogen-mediated tiller growth response 5 (NGR5) was remarkably decreased in shoot base of dtn1-2, which can be activated by sucrose treatment. Overexpression of NGR5 in the dtn1-2 could partially rescue the reduced tiller number, and the tiller number of dtn1-2 was insensitive to nitrogen supply. This work demonstrated that the sugar level regulated by photosynthesis and DTN1 could positively regulate NGR5 expression, which coordinates the cross-talk between carbon and nitrate to control tiller bud outgrowth in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Maodi Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Junming Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Liquan Kou
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Shakeel Ahmad
- Seed Center and Plant Genetic Resources Bank, Ministry of Environment, Water & Agriculture, Riyadh, 14712, Saudi Arabia
| | - Xiangjin Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Guiai Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Shikai Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Zhonghua Sheng
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Fengli Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Shaoqing Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Gaoneng Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Hong Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Peisong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
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Wang X, Yan L, Li T, Zhang J, Zhang Y, Zhang J, Lian X, Zhang H, Zheng X, Hou N, Cheng J, Wang W, Zhang L, Ye X, Li J, Feng J, Tan B. The lncRNA1-miR6288b-3p-PpTCP4-PpD2 module regulates peach branch number by affecting brassinosteroid biosynthesis. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 243:1050-1064. [PMID: 38872462 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Branch number is one of the most important agronomic traits of fruit trees such as peach. Little is known about how LncRNA and/or miRNA modules regulate branching through transcription factors. Here, we used molecular and genetic tools to clarify the molecular mechanisms underlying brassinosteroid (BR) altering plant branching. We found that the number of sylleptic branch and BR content in pillar peach ('Zhaoshouhong') was lower than those of standard type ('Okubo'), and exogenous BR application could significantly promote branching. PpTCP4 expressed great differentially comparing 'Zhaoshouhong' with 'Okubo'. PpTCP4 could directly bind to DWARF2 (PpD2) and inhibited its expression. PpD2 was the only one differentially expressed key gene in the path of BR biosynthesis. At the same time, PpTCP4 was identified as a target of miR6288b-3p. LncRNA1 could act as the endogenous target mimic of miR6288b-3p and repress expression of miR6288b-3p. Three deletions and five SNP sites of lncRNA1 promoter were found in 'Zhaoshouhong', which was an important cause of different mRNA level of PpTCP4 and BR content. Moreover, overexpressed PpTCP4 significantly inhibited branching. A novel mechanism in which the lncRNA1-miR6288b-3p-PpTCP4-PpD2 module regulates peach branching number was proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobei Wang
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, 218 Pingan Road, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
- Henan Engineering and Technology Center for Peach Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
- Henan Provincial International Joint Laboratory of Horticultural Crops, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Lixia Yan
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, 218 Pingan Road, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Tianhao Li
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, 218 Pingan Road, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, 218 Pingan Road, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Yajia Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, 218 Pingan Road, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Junjie Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, 218 Pingan Road, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Xiaodong Lian
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, 218 Pingan Road, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
- Henan Engineering and Technology Center for Peach Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
- Henan Provincial International Joint Laboratory of Horticultural Crops, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Haipeng Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, 218 Pingan Road, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
- Henan Engineering and Technology Center for Peach Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
- Henan Provincial International Joint Laboratory of Horticultural Crops, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Xianbo Zheng
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, 218 Pingan Road, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
- Henan Engineering and Technology Center for Peach Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
- Henan Provincial International Joint Laboratory of Horticultural Crops, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Nan Hou
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, 218 Pingan Road, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
- Henan Engineering and Technology Center for Peach Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
- Henan Provincial International Joint Laboratory of Horticultural Crops, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Jun Cheng
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, 218 Pingan Road, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
- Henan Engineering and Technology Center for Peach Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
- Henan Provincial International Joint Laboratory of Horticultural Crops, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Wei Wang
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, 218 Pingan Road, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
- Henan Engineering and Technology Center for Peach Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
- Henan Provincial International Joint Laboratory of Horticultural Crops, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Langlang Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, 218 Pingan Road, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
- Henan Engineering and Technology Center for Peach Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
- Henan Provincial International Joint Laboratory of Horticultural Crops, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Xia Ye
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, 218 Pingan Road, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
- Henan Engineering and Technology Center for Peach Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
- Henan Provincial International Joint Laboratory of Horticultural Crops, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Jidong Li
- Henan Engineering and Technology Center for Peach Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
- College of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, 218 Pingan Road, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Jiancan Feng
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, 218 Pingan Road, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
- Henan Engineering and Technology Center for Peach Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
- Henan Provincial International Joint Laboratory of Horticultural Crops, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Bin Tan
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, 218 Pingan Road, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
- Henan Engineering and Technology Center for Peach Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
- Henan Provincial International Joint Laboratory of Horticultural Crops, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
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Huerga-Fernández S, Detry N, Orman-Ligeza B, Bouché F, Hanikenne M, Périlleux C. JOINTLESS Maintains Inflorescence Meristem Identity in Tomato. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 65:1197-1211. [PMID: 38635460 PMCID: PMC11287206 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcae046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
JOINTLESS (J) was isolated in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) from mutants lacking a flower pedicel abscission zone (AZ) and encodes a MADS-box protein of the SHORT VEGETATIVE PHASE/AGAMOUS-LIKE 24 subfamily. The loss of J function also causes the return to leaf initiation in the inflorescences, indicating a pivotal role in inflorescence meristem identity. Here, we compared jointless (j) mutants in different accessions that exhibit either an indeterminate shoot growth, producing regular sympodial segments, or a determinate shoot growth, due to the reduction of sympodial segments and causal mutation of the SELF-PRUNING (SP) gene. We observed that the inflorescence phenotype of j mutants is stronger in indeterminate (SP) accessions such as Ailsa Craig (AC), than in determinate (sp) ones, such as Heinz (Hz). Moreover, RNA-seq analysis revealed that the return to vegetative fate in j mutants is accompanied by expression of SP, which supports conversion of the inflorescence meristem to sympodial shoot meristem in j inflorescences. Other markers of vegetative meristems such as APETALA2c and branching genes such as BRANCHED 1 (BRC1a/b) were differentially expressed in the inflorescences of j(AC) mutant. We also found in the indeterminate AC accession that J represses homeotic genes of B- and C-classes and that its overexpression causes an oversized leafy calyx phenotype and has a dominant negative effect on AZ formation. A model is therefore proposed where J, by repressing shoot fate and influencing reproductive organ formation, acts as a key determinant of inflorescence meristems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Huerga-Fernández
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, InBioS—PhytoSYSTEMS, Department of Life Sciences, University of Liège, Chemin de la Vallée, 4, Liège B-4000, Belgium
| | - Nathalie Detry
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, InBioS—PhytoSYSTEMS, Department of Life Sciences, University of Liège, Chemin de la Vallée, 4, Liège B-4000, Belgium
| | - Beata Orman-Ligeza
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, InBioS—PhytoSYSTEMS, Department of Life Sciences, University of Liège, Chemin de la Vallée, 4, Liège B-4000, Belgium
| | - Frédéric Bouché
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, InBioS—PhytoSYSTEMS, Department of Life Sciences, University of Liège, Chemin de la Vallée, 4, Liège B-4000, Belgium
- Laboratory of Plant Translational Biology, InBioS—PhytoSYSTEMS, Department of Life Sciences, University of Liège, Chemin de la Vallée, 4, Liège B-4000, Belgium
| | - Marc Hanikenne
- Laboratory of Plant Translational Biology, InBioS—PhytoSYSTEMS, Department of Life Sciences, University of Liège, Chemin de la Vallée, 4, Liège B-4000, Belgium
| | - Claire Périlleux
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, InBioS—PhytoSYSTEMS, Department of Life Sciences, University of Liège, Chemin de la Vallée, 4, Liège B-4000, Belgium
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Zhang W, Tao J, Chang Y, Wang D, Wu Y, Gu C, Tao W, Wang H, Xie X, Zhang Y. Cytokinin catabolism and transport are involved in strigolactone-modulated rice tiller bud elongation fueled by phosphate and nitrogen supply. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 215:108982. [PMID: 39089046 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/03/2024]
Abstract
Phosphate (P) and nitrogen (N) fertilization affect rice tillering, indicating that P- and N-regulated tiller growth has a crucial effect on grain yield. Cytokinins and strigolactones (SLs) promote and inhibit tiller bud outgrowth, respectively; however, the underlying mechanisms are unclear. In this study, tiller bud outgrowth and cytokinin fractions were evaluated in rice plants fertilized at different levels of P and N. Low phosphate or nitrogen (LP or LN) reduced rice tiller numbers and bud elongation, in line with low cytokinin levels in tiller buds and xylem sap as well as low TCSn:GUS expression, a sensitive cytokinin signal reporter, in the stem base. Furthermore, exogenous cytokinin (6-benzylaminopurin, 6-BA) administration restored bud length and TCSn:GUS activity in LP- and LN-treated plants to similar levels as control plants. The TCSn:GUS activity and tiller bud outgrowth were less affected by LP and LN supplies in SL-synthetic and SL-signaling mutants (d17 and d53) compared to LP- and LN-treated wild-type (WT) plants, indicating that SL modulate tiller bud elongation under LP and LN supplies by reducing the cytokinin levels in tiller buds. OsCKX9 (a cytokinin catabolism gene) transcription in buds and roots was induced by LP, LN supplies and by adding the SL analog GR24. A reduced response of cytokinin fractions to LP and LN supplies was observed in tiller buds and xylem sap of the d53 mutant compared to WT plants. These results suggest that cytokinin catabolism and transport are involved in SL-modulated rice tillering fueled by P and N fertilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jinyuan Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yuyao Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Daojian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yaoyao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Changxiao Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Wenqing Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Hongmei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xiaonan Xie
- Weed Science Center, Utsunomiya University, 350 Mine-machi, Utsunomiya, 321-8505, Japan
| | - Yali Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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Valifard M, Khan A, Berg J, Le Hir R, Pommerrenig B, Neuhaus HE, Keller I. Carbohydrate distribution via SWEET17 is critical for Arabidopsis inflorescence branching under drought. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:3903-3919. [PMID: 38530289 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erae135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Sugars Will Eventually be Exported Transporters (SWEETs) are the most recently discovered family of plant sugar transporters. By acting as uniporters, SWEETs facilitate the diffusion of sugars across cell membranes and play an important role in various physiological processes such as abiotic stress adaptation. AtSWEET17, a vacuolar fructose facilitator, was shown to be involved in the modulation of the root system during drought. In addition, previous studies have shown that overexpression of an apple homolog leads to increased drought tolerance in tomato plants. Therefore, SWEET17 might be a molecular element involved in plant responses to drought. However, the role and function of SWEET17 in above-ground tissues of Arabidopsis under drought stress remain elusive. By combining gene expression analysis and stem architecture with the sugar profiles of different above-ground tissues, we uncovered a putative role for SWEET17 in carbohydrate supply and thus cauline branch elongation, especially during periods of carbon limitation, as occurs under drought stress. Thus, SWEET17 seems to be involved in maintaining efficient plant reproduction under drought stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzieh Valifard
- Department Plant Physiology, University of Kaiserslautern, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Azkia Khan
- Department Plant Physiology, University of Kaiserslautern, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Johannes Berg
- Department Plant Physiology, University of Kaiserslautern, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Rozenn Le Hir
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), 78000, Versailles, France
| | - Benjamin Pommerrenig
- Department Plant Physiology, University of Kaiserslautern, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - H Ekkehard Neuhaus
- Department Plant Physiology, University of Kaiserslautern, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Isabel Keller
- Department Plant Physiology, University of Kaiserslautern, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
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Zou M, Zhang D, Liu Y, Chen Z, Xu T, Ma Z, Li J, Zhang W, Huang Z, Pan X. Integrative proteome and metabolome unveil the central role of IAA alteration in axillary bud development following topping in tobacco. Sci Rep 2024; 14:15309. [PMID: 38961197 PMCID: PMC11222511 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-66136-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Axillary bud is an important aspect of plant morphology, contributing to the final tobacco yield. However, the mechanisms of axillary bud development in tobacco remain largely unknown. To investigate this aspect of tobacco biology, the metabolome and proteome of the axillary buds before and after topping were compared. A total of 569 metabolites were differentially abundant before and 1, 3, and 5 days after topping. KEGG analyses further revealed that the axillary bud was characterized by a striking enrichment of metabolites involved in flavonoid metabolism, suggesting a strong flavonoid biosynthesis activity in the tobacco axillary bud after topping. Additionally, 9035 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified before and 1, 3, and 5 days after topping. Subsequent GO and KEGG analyses revealed that the DEPs in the axillary bud were enriched in oxidative stress, hormone signal transduction, MAPK signaling pathway, and starch and sucrose metabolism. The integrated proteome and metabolome analysis revealed that the indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) alteration in buds control dormancy release and sustained growth of axillary bud by regulating proteins involved in carbohydrate metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and lipid metabolism. Notably, the proteins related to reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging and flavonoid biosynthesis were strongly negatively correlated with IAA content. These findings shed light on a critical role of IAA alteration in regulating axillary bud outgrowth, and implied a potential crosstalk among IAA alteration, ROS homeostasis, and flavonoid biosynthesis in tobacco axillary bud under topping stress, which could improve our understanding of the IAA alteration in axillary bud as an important regulator of axillary bud development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingmin Zou
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Crops Genetic Improvement, Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Tobacco Breeding and Comprehensive Utilization, Crops Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences (GAAS), Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Dandan Zhang
- China National Tobacco Corporation, Guangzhou, 510610, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yixuan Liu
- China National Tobacco Corporation, Guangzhou, 510610, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zepeng Chen
- China National Tobacco Corporation, Guangzhou, 510610, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Tingyu Xu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Crops Genetic Improvement, Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Tobacco Breeding and Comprehensive Utilization, Crops Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences (GAAS), Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Zhuwen Ma
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Crops Genetic Improvement, Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Tobacco Breeding and Comprehensive Utilization, Crops Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences (GAAS), Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Jiqin Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Crops Genetic Improvement, Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Tobacco Breeding and Comprehensive Utilization, Crops Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences (GAAS), Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Wenji Zhang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Crops Genetic Improvement, Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Tobacco Breeding and Comprehensive Utilization, Crops Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences (GAAS), Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Zhenrui Huang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Crops Genetic Improvement, Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Tobacco Breeding and Comprehensive Utilization, Crops Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences (GAAS), Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Xiaoying Pan
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Crops Genetic Improvement, Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Tobacco Breeding and Comprehensive Utilization, Crops Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences (GAAS), Guangzhou, 510640, China.
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9
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Ablazov A, Jamil M, Haider I, Wang JY, Melino V, Maghrebi M, Vigani G, Liew KX, Lin PY, Chen GTE, Kuijer HNJ, Berqdar L, Mazzarella T, Fiorilli V, Lanfranco L, Zheng X, Dai NC, Lai MH, Caroline Hsing YI, Tester M, Blilou I, Al-Babili S. Zaxinone Synthase overexpression modulates rice physiology and metabolism, enhancing nutrient uptake, growth and productivity. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024. [PMID: 38924092 DOI: 10.1111/pce.15016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
The rice Zaxinone Synthase (ZAS) gene encodes a carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase (CCD) that forms the apocarotenoid growth regulator zaxinone in vitro. Here, we generated and characterized constitutive ZAS-overexpressing rice lines, to better understand ZAS role in determining zaxinone content and regulating growth and architecture. ZAS overexpression enhanced endogenous zaxinone level, promoted root growth and increased the number of productive tillers, leading to about 30% higher grain yield per plant. Hormone analysis revealed a decrease in strigolactone (SL) content, which we confirmed by rescuing the high-tillering phenotype through application of a SL analogue. Metabolomics analysis revealed that ZAS overexpressing plants accumulate higher amounts of monosaccharide sugars, in line with transcriptome analysis. Moreover, transgenic plants showed higher carbon (C) assimilation rate and elevated root phosphate, nitrate and sulphate level, enhancing the tolerance towards low phosphate (Pi). Our study confirms ZAS as an important determinant of rice growth and architecture and shows that ZAS regulates hormone homoeostasis and a combination of physiological processes to promote growth and grain yield, which makes this gene an excellent candidate for sustainable crop improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdugaffor Ablazov
- Center for Desert Agriculture (CDA), Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
- The BioActives Lab, Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Jamil
- Center for Desert Agriculture (CDA), Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
- The BioActives Lab, Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Imran Haider
- Center for Desert Agriculture (CDA), Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
- The BioActives Lab, Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, Section of Plant Genetics and Breeding, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Jian You Wang
- Center for Desert Agriculture (CDA), Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
- The BioActives Lab, Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Vanessa Melino
- Center for Desert Agriculture (CDA), Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
- The Salt Lab, Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Moez Maghrebi
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Gianpiero Vigani
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Kit Xi Liew
- Center for Desert Agriculture (CDA), Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
- The BioActives Lab, Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Pei-Yu Lin
- Center for Desert Agriculture (CDA), Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
- The BioActives Lab, Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Guan-Ting Erica Chen
- Center for Desert Agriculture (CDA), Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
- The BioActives Lab, Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hendrik N J Kuijer
- Center for Desert Agriculture (CDA), Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
- The BioActives Lab, Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lamis Berqdar
- Center for Desert Agriculture (CDA), Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
- The BioActives Lab, Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Teresa Mazzarella
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Valentina Fiorilli
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Luisa Lanfranco
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Xiongjie Zheng
- Center for Desert Agriculture (CDA), Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
- The BioActives Lab, Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nai-Chiang Dai
- Crop Science Division, Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hsin Lai
- Crop Science Division, Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute, Taichung, Taiwan
| | | | - Mark Tester
- Center for Desert Agriculture (CDA), Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
- The Salt Lab, Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ikram Blilou
- Center for Desert Agriculture (CDA), Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
- The Plant Cell and Developmental Biology, Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salim Al-Babili
- Center for Desert Agriculture (CDA), Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
- The BioActives Lab, Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
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10
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Basso MF, Girardin G, Vergata C, Buti M, Martinelli F. Genome-wide transcript expression analysis reveals major chickpea and lentil genes associated with plant branching. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1384237. [PMID: 38962245 PMCID: PMC11220206 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1384237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
The search for elite cultivars with better architecture has been a demand by farmers of the chickpea and lentil crops, which aims to systematize their mechanized planting and harvesting on a large scale. Therefore, the identification of genes associated with the regulation of the branching and architecture of these plants has currently gained great importance. Herein, this work aimed to gain insight into transcriptomic changes of two contrasting chickpea and lentil cultivars in terms of branching pattern (little versus highly branched cultivars). In addition, we aimed to identify candidate genes involved in the regulation of shoot branching that could be used as future targets for molecular breeding. The axillary and apical buds of chickpea cultivars Blanco lechoso and FLIP07-318C, and lentil cultivars Castellana and Campisi, considered as little and highly branched, respectively, were harvested. A total of 1,624 and 2,512 transcripts were identified as differentially expressed among different tissues and contrasting cultivars of chickpea and lentil, respectively. Several gene categories were significantly modulated such as cell cycle, DNA transcription, energy metabolism, hormonal biosynthesis and signaling, proteolysis, and vegetative development between apical and axillary tissues and contrasting cultivars of chickpea and lentil. Based on differential expression and branching-associated biological function, ten chickpea genes and seven lentil genes were considered the main players involved in differentially regulating the plant branching between contrasting cultivars. These collective data putatively revealed the general mechanism and high-effect genes associated with the regulation of branching in chickpea and lentil, which are potential targets for manipulation through genome editing and transgenesis aiming to improve plant architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Chiara Vergata
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Matteo Buti
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry (DAGRI), University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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11
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Humphreys JL, Beveridge CA, Tanurdžić M. Strigolactone induces D14-dependent large-scale changes in gene expression requiring SWI/SNF chromatin remodellers. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 38858857 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Strigolactones (SL) function as plant hormones in control of multiple aspects of plant development, mostly via the regulation of gene expression. Immediate early-gene regulation by SL remains unexplored due to difficulty in dissecting early from late gene expression responses to SL. We used synthetic SL, rac-GR24 treatment of protoplasts and RNA-seq to explore early SL-induced changes in gene expression over time (5-180 minutes) and discovered rapid, dynamic and SL receptor D14-dependent regulation of gene expression in response to rac-GR24. Importantly, we discovered a significant dependence of SL signalling on chromatin remodelling processes, as the induction of a key SL-induced transcription factor BRANCHED1 requires the SWI/SNF chromatin remodelling ATPase SPLAYED (SYD) and leads to upregulation of a homologue SWI/SNF ATPase BRAHMA. ATAC-seq profiling of genome-wide changes in chromatin accessibility in response to rac-GR24 identified large-scale changes, with over 1400 differentially accessible regions. These changes in chromatin accessibility often precede transcriptional changes and are likely to harbour SL cis-regulatory elements. Importantly, we discovered that this early and extensive modification of the chromatin landscape also requires SYD. This study, therefore, provides evidence that SL signalling requires regulation of chromatin accessibility, and it identifies genomic locations harbouring likely SL cis-regulatory sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jazmine L Humphreys
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, 4072, Australia
- ARC Centre for Plant Success in Nature and Agriculture, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Christine A Beveridge
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, 4072, Australia
- ARC Centre for Plant Success in Nature and Agriculture, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Miloš Tanurdžić
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, 4072, Australia
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12
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Chen L, Cai M, Zhang Q, Pan Y, Chen M, Zhang X, Wu J, Luo H, Peng C. Why can Mikania micrantha cover trees quickly during invasion? BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:511. [PMID: 38844870 PMCID: PMC11157800 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05210-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
The invasion of Mikania micrantha by climbing and covering trees has rapidly caused the death of many shrubs and trees, seriously endangering forest biodiversity. In this study, M. micrantha seedlings were planted together with local tree species (Cryptocarya concinna) to simulate the process of M. micrantha climbing under the forest. We found that the upper part of the M. micrantha stem lost its support after climbing to the top of the tree, grew in a turning and creeping manner, and then grew branches rapidly to cover the tree canopy. Then, we simulated the branching process through turning treatment. We found that a large number of branches had been formed near the turning part of the M. micrantha stem (TP). Compared with the upper part of the main stem (UP), the contents of plant hormones (auxin, cytokinin, gibberellin), soluble sugars (sucrose, glucose, fructose) and trehalose-6-phosphate (T6P) were significantly accumulated at TP. Further combining the transcriptome data of different parts of the main stem under erect or turning treatment, a hypothetical regulation model to illustrate how M. micrantha can quickly cover trees was proposed based on the regulation of sugars and hormones on plant branching; that is, the lack of support after ascending the top of the tree led to turning growth of the main stem, and the enhancement of sugars and T6P levels in the TP may first drive the release of nearby dormant buds. Plant hormone accumulation may regulate the entrance of buds into sustained growth and maintain the elongation of branches together with sugars to successfully covering trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Chen
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Minling Cai
- School of Life Sciences, Huizhou University, Huizhou, 516007, China
| | - Qilei Zhang
- Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou, 510520, China
| | - Yanru Pan
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Manting Chen
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Xiaowen Zhang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Jirong Wu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Haoshen Luo
- College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Changlian Peng
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China.
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13
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Karniel U, Koch A, Bar Nun N, Zamir D, Hirschberg J. Tomato Mutants Reveal Root and Shoot Strigolactone Involvement in Branching and Broomrape Resistance. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1554. [PMID: 38891362 PMCID: PMC11174905 DOI: 10.3390/plants13111554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
The phytohormones strigolactones (SLs) control root and shoot branching and are exuded from roots into the rhizosphere to stimulate interaction with mycorrhizal fungi. The exuded SLs serve as signaling molecules for the germination of parasitic plants. The broomrape Phelipanche aegyptiaca is a widespread noxious weed in various crop plants, including tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). We have isolated three mutants that impair SL functioning in the tomato variety M82: SHOOT BRANCHING 1 (sb1) and SHOOT BRANCHING 2 (sb2), which abolish SL biosynthesis, and SHOOT BRANCHING 3 (sb3), which impairs SL perception. The over-branching phenotype of the sb mutants resulted in a severe yield loss. The isogenic property of the mutations in a determinate growth variety enabled the quantitative evaluation of the contribution of SL to yield under field conditions. As expected, the mutants sb1 and sb2 were completely resistant to infection by P. aegyptiaca due to the lack of SL in the roots. In contrast, sb3 was more susceptible to P. aegyptiaca than the wild-type M82. The SL concentration in roots of the sb3 was two-fold higher than in the wild type due to the upregulation of the transcription of SL biosynthesis genes. This phenomenon suggests that the steady-state level of root SLs is regulated by a feedback mechanism that involves the SL signaling pathway. Surprisingly, grafting wild-type varieties on sb1 and sb2 rootstocks eliminated the branching phenotype and yield loss, indicating that SL synthesized in the shoots is sufficient to control shoot branching. Moreover, commercial tomato varieties grafted on sb1 were protected from P. aegyptiaca infection without significant yield loss, offering a practical solution to the broomrape crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uri Karniel
- Department of Genetics, Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel; (U.K.)
| | - Amit Koch
- Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel; (A.K.); (D.Z.)
| | - Nurit Bar Nun
- Department of Genetics, Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel; (U.K.)
| | - Dani Zamir
- Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel; (A.K.); (D.Z.)
| | - Joseph Hirschberg
- Department of Genetics, Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel; (U.K.)
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14
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Jiang P, Han P, He M, Shui G, Guo C, Shah S, Wang Z, Wu H, Li J, Pan Z. Appropriate mowing can promote the growth of Anabasis aphylla through the auxin metabolism pathway. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:482. [PMID: 38822275 PMCID: PMC11141038 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05204-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Anabasis aphylla (A. aphylla), a species of the Amaranthaceae family, is widely distributed in northwestern China and has high pharmacological value and ecological functions. However, the growth characteristics are poorly understood, impeding its industrial development for biopesticide development. Here, we explored the regenerative capacity of A. aphylla. To this end, different lengths of the secondary branches of perennial branches were mowed at the end of March before sprouting. The four treatments were no mowing (M0) and mowing 1/3, 2/3, and the entire length of the secondary branches of perennial branches (M1-M3, respectively). Next, to evaluate the compensatory growth after mowing, new assimilate branches' related traits were recorded every 30 days, and the final biomass was recorded. The mowed plants showed a greater growth rate of assimilation branches than un-mowed plants. Additionally, with the increasing mowing degree, the growth rate and the final biomass of assimilation branches showed a decreasing trend, with the greatest growth rate and final biomass in response to M1. To evaluate the mechanism of the compensatory growth after mowing, a combination of dynamic (0, 1, 5, and 8 days after mowing) plant hormone-targeted metabolomics and transcriptomics was performed for the M0 and M1 treatment. Overall, 26 plant hormone metabolites were detected, 6 of which significantly increased after mowing compared with control: Indole-3-acetyl-L-valine methyl ester, Indole-3-carboxylic acid, Indole-3-carboxaldehyde, Gibberellin A24, Gibberellin A4, and cis (+)-12-oxo-phytodienoic acid. Additionally, 2,402 differentially expressed genes were detected between the mowed plants and controls. By combining clustering analysis based on expression trends after mowing and gene ontology analysis of each cluster, 18 genes related to auxin metabolism were identified, 6 of which were significantly related to auxin synthesis. Our findings suggest that appropriate mowing can promote A. aphylla growth, regulated by the auxin metabolic pathway, and lays the foundation for the development of the industrial value of A. aphylla.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Jiang
- Agricultural College, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, Xinjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Special Fruit and Vegetables Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Shihezi, 832003, Xinjiang, China
| | - Peng Han
- Agricultural College, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, Xinjiang, China
| | - Mengyao He
- Agricultural College, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, Xinjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Special Fruit and Vegetables Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Shihezi, 832003, Xinjiang, China
| | - Guangling Shui
- Agricultural College, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, Xinjiang, China
| | - Chunping Guo
- Agricultural College, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, Xinjiang, China
| | - Sulaiman Shah
- Agricultural College, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, Xinjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Special Fruit and Vegetables Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Shihezi, 832003, Xinjiang, China
| | - Zixuan Wang
- Agricultural College, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, Xinjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Special Fruit and Vegetables Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Shihezi, 832003, Xinjiang, China
| | - Haokai Wu
- Agricultural College, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, Xinjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Special Fruit and Vegetables Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Shihezi, 832003, Xinjiang, China
| | - Jian Li
- Southern Xinjiang Research Institute, Shihezi University, Tumushuk, 843806, Xinjiang, China.
| | - Zhenyuan Pan
- Agricultural College, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, Xinjiang, China.
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15
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Han Y, Qu M, Liu Z, Kang C. Transcription factor FveMYB117a inhibits axillary bud outgrowth by regulating cytokinin homeostasis in woodland strawberry. THE PLANT CELL 2024; 36:2427-2446. [PMID: 38547429 PMCID: PMC11132891 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koae097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Shoot branching affects plant architecture. In strawberry (Fragaria L.), short branches (crowns) develop from dormant axillary buds to form inflorescences and flowers. While this developmental transition contributes greatly to perenniality and yield in strawberry, its regulatory mechanism remains unclear and understudied. In the woodland strawberry (Fragaria vesca), we identified and characterized 2 independent mutants showing more crowns. Both mutant alleles reside in FveMYB117a, a R2R3-MYB transcription factor gene highly expressed in shoot apical meristems, axillary buds, and young leaves. Transcriptome analysis revealed that the expression of several cytokinin pathway genes was altered in the fvemyb117a mutant. Consistently, active cytokinins were significantly increased in the axillary buds of the fvemyb117a mutant. Exogenous application of cytokinin enhanced crown outgrowth in the wild type, whereas the cytokinin inhibitors suppressed crown outgrowth in the fvemyb117a mutant. FveMYB117a binds directly to the promoters of the cytokinin homeostasis genes FveIPT2 encoding an isopentenyltransferase and FveCKX1 encoding a cytokinin oxidase to regulate their expression. Conversely, the type-B Arabidopsis response regulators FveARR1 and FveARR2b can directly inhibit the expression of FveMYB117a, indicative of a negative feedback regulation. In conclusion, we identified FveMYB117a as a key repressor of crown outgrowth by inhibiting cytokinin accumulation and provide a mechanistic basis for bud fate transition in an herbaceous perennial plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafan Han
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Minghao Qu
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zhongchi Liu
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Chunying Kang
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China
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16
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Wen S, Hu Q, Wang J, Li H. Transcriptome analysis and functional validation reveal the novel role of LhCYCL in axillary bud development in hybrid Liriodendron. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 114:55. [PMID: 38727895 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-024-01458-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Shoot branching significantly influences yield and timber quality in woody plants, with hybrid Liriodendron being particularly valuable due to its rapid growth. However, understanding of the mechanisms governing shoot branching in hybrid Liriodendron remains limited. In this study, we systematically examined axillary bud development using morphological and anatomical approaches and selected four distinct developmental stages for an extensive transcriptome analysis. A total of 9,449 differentially expressed genes have been identified, many of which are involved in plant hormone signal transduction pathways. Additionally, we identified several transcription factors downregulated during early axillary bud development, including a noteworthy gene annotated as CYC-like from the TCP TF family, which emerged as a strong candidate for modulating axillary bud development. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction results confirmed the highest expression levels of LhCYCL in hybrid Liriodendron axillary buds, while histochemical β-glucuronidase staining suggested its potential role in Arabidopsis thaliana leaf axil development. Ectopic expression of LhCYCL in A. thaliana led to an increase of branches and a decrease of plant height, accompanied by altered expression of genes involved in the plant hormone signaling pathways. This indicates the involvement of LhCYCL in regulating shoot branching through plant hormone signaling pathways. In summary, our results emphasize the pivotal role played by LhCYCL in shoot branching, offering insights into the function of the CYC-like gene and establishing a robust foundation for further investigations into the molecular mechanisms governing axillary bud development in hybrid Liriodendron.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoying Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, Jiangsu, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qinghua Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, Jiangsu, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, Jiangsu, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huogen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, Jiangsu, China.
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, Jiangsu, China.
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17
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Prakash NR, Kumar K, Muthusamy V, Zunjare RU, Hossain F. Unique genetic architecture of prolificacy in 'Sikkim Primitive' maize unraveled through whole-genome resequencing-based DNA polymorphism. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2024; 43:134. [PMID: 38702564 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-024-03176-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE 'Sikkim Primitive' maize landrace, unique for prolificacy (7-9 ears per plant) possesses unique genomic architecture in branching and inflorescence-related gene(s), and locus Zm00001eb365210 encoding glycosyltransferases was identified as the putative candidate gene underlying QTL (qProl-SP-8.05) for prolificacy. The genotype possesses immense usage in breeding high-yielding baby-corn genotypes. 'Sikkim Primitive' is a native landrace of North Eastern Himalayas, and is characterized by having 7-9 ears per plant compared to 1-2 ears in normal maize. Though 'Sikkim Primitive' was identified in the 1960s, it has not been characterized at a whole-genome scale. Here, we sequenced the entire genome of an inbred (MGUSP101) derived from 'Sikkim Primitive' along with three non-prolific (HKI1128, UMI1200, and HKI1105) and three prolific (CM150Q, CM151Q and HKI323) inbreds. A total of 942,417 SNPs, 24,160 insertions, and 27,600 deletions were identified in 'Sikkim Primitive'. The gene-specific functional mutations in 'Sikkim Primitive' were classified as 10,847 missense (54.36%), 402 non-sense (2.015%), and 8,705 silent (43.625%) mutations. The number of transitions and transversions specific to 'Sikkim Primitive' were 666,021 and 279,950, respectively. Among all base changes, (G to A) was the most frequent (215,772), while (C to G) was the rarest (22,520). Polygalacturonate 4-α-galacturonosyltransferase enzyme involved in pectin biosynthesis, cell-wall organization, nucleotide sugar, and amino-sugar metabolism was found to have unique alleles in 'Sikkim Primitive'. The analysis further revealed the Zm00001eb365210 gene encoding glycosyltransferases as the putative candidate underlying QTL (qProl-SP-8.05) for prolificacy in 'Sikkim Primitive'. High-impact nucleotide variations were found in ramosa3 (Zm00001eb327910) and zeaxanthin epoxidase1 (Zm00001eb081460) genes having a role in branching and inflorescence development in 'Sikkim Primitive'. The information generated unraveled the genetic architecture and identified key genes/alleles unique to the 'Sikkim Primitive' genome. This is the first report of whole-genome characterization of the 'Sikkim Primitive' landrace unique for its high prolificacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitish Ranjan Prakash
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, Delhi, 110012, India
- ICAR-Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, 132001, India
| | - Kuldeep Kumar
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Vignesh Muthusamy
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, Delhi, 110012, India
| | | | - Firoz Hossain
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, Delhi, 110012, India.
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18
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Nahas Z, Ticchiarelli F, van Rongen M, Dillon J, Leyser O. The activation of Arabidopsis axillary buds involves a switch from slow to rapid committed outgrowth regulated by auxin and strigolactone. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 242:1084-1097. [PMID: 38503686 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis) shoot architecture is largely determined by the pattern of axillary buds that grow into lateral branches, the regulation of which requires integrating both local and systemic signals. Nodal explants - stem explants each bearing one leaf and its associated axillary bud - are a simplified system to understand the regulation of bud activation. To explore signal integration in bud activation, we characterised the growth dynamics of buds in nodal explants in key mutants and under different treatments. We observed that isolated axillary buds activate in two genetically and physiologically separable phases: a slow-growing lag phase, followed by a switch to rapid outgrowth. Modifying BRANCHED1 expression or the properties of the auxin transport network, including via strigolactone application, changed the length of the lag phase. While most interventions affected only the length of the lag phase, strigolactone treatment and a second bud also affected the rapid growth phase. Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that the slow-growing lag phase corresponds to the time during which buds establish canalised auxin transport out of the bud, after which they enter a rapid growth phase. Our work also hints at a role for auxin transport in influencing the maximum growth rate of branches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoe Nahas
- Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1LR, UK
| | | | - Martin van Rongen
- Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1LR, UK
| | - Jean Dillon
- Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1LR, UK
| | - Ottoline Leyser
- Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1LR, UK
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19
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Fan N, Su L, Lv A, Wen W, Gao L, You X, Zhou P, An Y. PECTIN ACETYLESTERASE12 regulates shoot branching via acetic acid and auxin accumulation in alfalfa shoots. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 195:518-533. [PMID: 38365203 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiae071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Shoot branching is an important biological trait affecting alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) production, but its development is complicated and the mechanism is not fully clear. In the present study, pectin acetylesterase 12 (MsPAE12) and NAM/ATAF/CUC-domain transcription factor gene (MsNAC73) were isolated from alfalfa. MsPAE12 was highly expressed in shoot apexes, and MsNAC73 was found to be a key transcriptional repressor of MsPAE12 by directly binding to salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) elements in the MsPAE12 promoter. The biological functions of MsPAE12 and MsNAC73 were studied through overexpression (OE) and down-expression (RNAi) of the 2 genes in alfalfa. The numbers of shoot branches increased in MsPAE12-OE lines but decreased in MsPAE12-RNAi and MsNAC73-OE plants, which was negatively related to their indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) accumulation in shoot apexes. Furthermore, the contents of acetic acid (AA) in shoot apexes decreased in MsPAE12-OE plants but increased in MsPAE12-RNAi and MsNAC73-OE plants. The changes of AA contents were positively related to the expression of TRYPTOPHAN AMINOTRANSFERASE 1 (MsTAA1), TRYPTOPHAN AMINOTRANSFERASE-RELATED 2 (MsTAR2), and YUCCA flavin monooxygenase (MsYUCC4) and the contents of tryptophan (Trp), indole-3-pyruvic acid (IPA), and IAA in shoot apexes of MsPAE12-OE, MsPAE12-RNAi, and MsNAC73-OE plants. Exogenous application of AA to wild type (WT) and MsPAE12-OE plants increased Trp, IPA, and IAA contents and decreased branch number. Exogenous IAA suppressed shoot branching in MsPAE12-OE plants, but exogenous IAA inhibitors increased shoot branching in MsPAE12-RNAi plants. These results indicate that the MsNAC73-MsPAE12 module regulates auxin-modulated shoot branching via affecting AA accumulation in shoot apexes of alfalfa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nana Fan
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- College of Life Science, Yulin University, Yulin 719000, China
| | - Liantai Su
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Aimin Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Wuwu Wen
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Li Gao
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xiangkai You
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Peng Zhou
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yuan An
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai 201101, China
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20
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Shu F, Wang D, Sarsaiya S, Jin L, Liu K, Zhao M, Wang X, Yao Z, Chen G, Chen J. Bulbil initiation: a comprehensive review on resources, development, and utilisation, with emphasis on molecular mechanisms, advanced technologies, and future prospects. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1343222. [PMID: 38650701 PMCID: PMC11033377 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1343222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Bulbil is an important asexual reproductive structure of bulbil plants. It mainly grows in leaf axils, leaf forks, tubers and the upper and near ground ends of flower stems of plants. They play a significant role in the reproduction of numerous herbaceous plant species by serving as agents of plant propagation, energy reserves, and survival mechanisms in adverse environmental conditions. Despite extensive research on bulbil-plants regarding their resources, development mechanisms, and utilisation, a comprehensive review of bulbil is lacking, hindering progress in exploiting bulbil resources. This paper provides a systematic overview of bulbil research, including bulbil-plant resources, identification of development stages and maturity of bulbils, cellular and molecular mechanisms of bulbil development, factors influencing bulbil development, gene research related to bulbil development, multi-bulbil phenomenon and its significance, medicinal value of bulbils, breeding value of bulbils, and the application of plant tissue culture technology in bulbil production. The application value of the Temporary Immersion Bioreactor System (TIBS) and Terahertz (THz) in bulbil breeding is also discussed, offering a comprehensive blueprint for further bulbil resource development. Additionally, additive, seven areas that require attention are proposed: (1) Utilization of modern network technologies, such as plant recognition apps or websites, to collect and identify bulbous plant resources efficiently and extensively; (2) Further research on cell and tissue structures that influence bulb cell development; (3) Investigation of the network regulatory relationship between genes, proteins, metabolites, and epigenetics in bulbil development; (4) Exploration of the potential utilization value of multiple sprouts, including medicinal, ecological, and horticultural applications; (5) Innovation and optimization of the plant tissue culture system for bulbils; (6) Comprehensive application research of TIBS for large-scale expansion of bulbil production; (7) To find out the common share genetics between bulbils and flowers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuxing Shu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Bioresource Institute for Healthy Utilization, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
- School of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dongdong Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Surendra Sarsaiya
- Bioresource Institute for Healthy Utilization, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Leilei Jin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kai Liu
- Bozhou Xinghe Agricultural Development Co., Ltd., Bozhou, Anhui, China
- Joint Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine of Anhui of Institution of Health and Medicine, Bozhou, Anhui Provence, China
| | - Mengru Zhao
- Bozhou Xinghe Agricultural Development Co., Ltd., Bozhou, Anhui, China
| | - Xin Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhaoxu Yao
- Bioresource Institute for Healthy Utilization, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Guoguang Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- School of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jishuang Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Bioresource Institute for Healthy Utilization, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
- School of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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21
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Li S, Yin Y, Chen J, Cui X, Fu J. H 2O 2 promotes trimming-induced tillering by regulating energy supply and redox status in bermudagrass. PeerJ 2024; 12:e16985. [PMID: 38436009 PMCID: PMC10909351 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Tillering/branching pattern plays a significant role in determining the structure and diversity of grass, and trimming has been found to induce tillering in turfgrass. Recently, it has been reported that hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) regulates axillary bud development. However, the role of H2O2 in trimming-induced tillering in bermudagrass, a kind of turfgrass, remains unclear. Our study unveils the significant impact of trimming on promoting the sprouting and growth of tiller buds in stolon nodes, along with an increase in the number of tillers in the main stem. This effect is accompanied by spatial-temporal changes in cytokinin and sucrose content, as well as relevant gene expression in axillary buds. In addition, the partial trimming of new-born tillers results in an increase in sucrose and starch reserves in their leaves, which can be attributed to the enhanced photosynthesis capacity. Importantly, trimming promotes a rapid H2O2 burst in the leaves of new-born tillers and axillary stolon buds. Furthermore, exogenous application of H2O2 significantly increases the number of tillers after trimming by affecting the expression of cytokinin-related genes, bolstering photosynthesis potential, energy reserves and antioxidant enzyme activity. Taken together, these results indicate that both endogenous production and exogenous addition of H2O2 enhance the inductive effects of trimming on the tillering process in bermudagrass, thus helping boost energy supply and maintain the redox state in newly formed tillers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Li
- Coastal Salinity Tolerant Grass Engineering and Technology Research Center, Ludong University, Yantai, China
| | - Yanling Yin
- Coastal Salinity Tolerant Grass Engineering and Technology Research Center, Ludong University, Yantai, China
| | - Jianmin Chen
- Coastal Salinity Tolerant Grass Engineering and Technology Research Center, Ludong University, Yantai, China
| | - Xinyu Cui
- Coastal Salinity Tolerant Grass Engineering and Technology Research Center, Ludong University, Yantai, China
| | - Jinmin Fu
- Coastal Salinity Tolerant Grass Engineering and Technology Research Center, Ludong University, Yantai, China
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22
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Zhu L, Liao Y, Lin K, Wu W, Duan L, Wang P, Xiao X, Zhang T, Chen X, Wang J, Ye K, Hu H, Xu ZF, Ni J. Cytokinin promotes anthocyanin biosynthesis via regulating sugar accumulation and MYB113 expression in Eucalyptus. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 44:tpad154. [PMID: 38123502 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpad154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Anthocyanins are flavonoid-like substances that play important roles in plants' adaptation to various environmental stresses. In this research, we discovered that cytokinin (CK) alone could effectively induce the anthocyanin biosynthesis in Eucalyptus and many other perennial woody plant species, but not in tobacco and Arabidopsis, suggesting a diverse role of CK in regulating anthocyanin biosynthesis in different species. Transcriptomic and metabolomic strategies were used to further clarify the specific role of CK in regulating anthocyanin biosynthesis in Eucalyptus. The results showed that 801 and 2241 genes were differentially regulated at 6 and 24 h, respectively, after CK treatment. Pathway analysis showed that most of the differentially expressed genes were categorized into pathways related to cellular metabolism or transport of metabolites, including amino acids and sugars. The metabolomic results well supported the transcriptome data, which showed that most of the differentially regulated metabolites were related to the metabolism of sugar, amino acids and flavonoids. Moreover, CK treatment significantly induced the accumulation of sucrose in the CK-treated leaves, while sugar starvation mimicked by either defoliation or shading treatment of the basal leaves significantly reduced the sugar increase of the CK-treated leaves and thus inhibited CK-induced anthocyanin biosynthesis. The results of in vitro experiment also suggested that CK-induced anthocyanin in Eucalyptus was sugar-dependent. Furthermore, we identified an early CK-responsive transcription factor MYB113 in Eucalyptus, the expression of which was significantly upregulated by CK treatment in Eucalyptus, but was inhibited in Arabidopsis. Importantly, the overexpression of EgrMYB113 in the Eucalyptus hairy roots was associated with significant anthocyanin accumulation and upregulation of most of the anthocyanin biosynthetic genes. In conclusion, our study demonstrates a key role of CK in the regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis in Eucalyptus, providing a molecular basis for further understanding the regulatory mechanism and diversity of hormone-regulated anthocyanin biosynthesis in different plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linhui Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Yuwu Liao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Kai Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Wenfei Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Lanjuan Duan
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Pan Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Xian Xiao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Xin Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Jianzhong Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Guangxi Dongmen Forest Farm, Chongzuo 532108, China
| | - Kaiqin Ye
- Hefei Institute of Physical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230000, China
| | - Hao Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Zeng-Fu Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Jun Ni
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
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23
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van Es SW, Muñoz-Gasca A, Romero-Campero FJ, González-Grandío E, de Los Reyes P, Tarancón C, van Dijk ADJ, van Esse W, Pascual-García A, Angenent GC, Immink RGH, Cubas P. A gene regulatory network critical for axillary bud dormancy directly controlled by Arabidopsis BRANCHED1. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 241:1193-1209. [PMID: 38009929 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
The Arabidopsis thaliana transcription factor BRANCHED1 (BRC1) plays a pivotal role in the control of shoot branching as it integrates environmental and endogenous signals that influence axillary bud growth. Despite its remarkable activity as a growth inhibitor, the mechanisms by which BRC1 promotes bud dormancy are largely unknown. We determined the genome-wide BRC1 binding sites in vivo and combined these with transcriptomic data and gene co-expression analyses to identify bona fide BRC1 direct targets. Next, we integrated multi-omics data to infer the BRC1 gene regulatory network (GRN) and used graph theory techniques to find network motifs that control the GRN dynamics. We generated an open online tool to interrogate this network. A group of BRC1 target genes encoding transcription factors (BTFs) orchestrate this intricate transcriptional network enriched in abscisic acid-related components. Promoter::β-GLUCURONIDASE transgenic lines confirmed that BTFs are expressed in axillary buds. Transient co-expression assays and studies in planta using mutant lines validated the role of BTFs in modulating the GRN and promoting bud dormancy. This knowledge provides access to the developmental mechanisms that regulate shoot branching and helps identify candidate genes to use as tools to adapt plant architecture and crop production to ever-changing environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam W van Es
- Bioscience, Wageningen Plant Research, Wageningen University & Research, 6708 PB, Wageningen, the Netherlands
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Wageningen University & Research, 6708 PB, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Aitor Muñoz-Gasca
- Department of Plant Molecular Genetics, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Campus Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco J Romero-Campero
- Institute for Plant Biochemistry and Photosynthesis, Universidad de Sevilla - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Ave. Américo Vespucio 49, 41092, Seville, Spain
- Department of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, Universidad de Sevilla, Ave. Reina Mercedes s/n, 41012, Seville, Spain
| | - Eduardo González-Grandío
- Department of Plant Molecular Genetics, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Campus Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pedro de Los Reyes
- Institute for Plant Biochemistry and Photosynthesis, Universidad de Sevilla - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Ave. Américo Vespucio 49, 41092, Seville, Spain
| | - Carlos Tarancón
- Department of Plant Molecular Genetics, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Campus Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Aalt D J van Dijk
- Bioinformatics, Wageningen University & Research, 6708 PB, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Wilma van Esse
- Bioscience, Wageningen Plant Research, Wageningen University & Research, 6708 PB, Wageningen, the Netherlands
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Wageningen University & Research, 6708 PB, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Alberto Pascual-García
- Department of Systems Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Campus Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gerco C Angenent
- Bioscience, Wageningen Plant Research, Wageningen University & Research, 6708 PB, Wageningen, the Netherlands
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Wageningen University & Research, 6708 PB, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Richard G H Immink
- Bioscience, Wageningen Plant Research, Wageningen University & Research, 6708 PB, Wageningen, the Netherlands
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Wageningen University & Research, 6708 PB, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Pilar Cubas
- Department of Plant Molecular Genetics, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Campus Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
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24
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Shoaib N, Pan K, Mughal N, Raza A, Liu L, Zhang J, Wu X, Sun X, Zhang L, Pan Z. Potential of UV-B radiation in drought stress resilience: A multidimensional approach to plant adaptation and future implications. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024; 47:387-407. [PMID: 38058262 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
The escalating impact of climate change and ultraviolet (UV) radiation is subjecting plants to unique combinations of UV-B and drought stress. These combined stressors could have additive, synergistic, or antagonistic effects, but the precise nature of these impacts remains uncertain, hampering our ability to predict plant adaptations approach towards stressors. Our analysis of various studies shows that UV-B or drought conditions detrimentally influence plant growth and health metrics by the enhanced generation of reactive oxygen species causing damage to lipids, proteins, carbohydrates and DNA. Further reducing biomass accumulation, plant height, photosynthetic efficiency, leaf area, and water transpiration, while enhancing stress-related symptoms. In response to UV-B radiation and drought stress, plants exhibit a notable up-regulation of specific acclimation-associated metabolites, including proline, flavonoids, anthocyanins, unsaturated fatty acids, and antioxidants. These metabolites play a pivotal role in conferring protection against environmental stresses. Their biosynthesis and functional roles are potentially modulated by signalling molecules such as hydrogen peroxide, abscisic acid, jasmonic acid, salicylic acid, and ethylene, all of which have associated genetic markers that further elucidate their involvement in stress response pathways. In comparison to single stress, the combination of UV-B and drought induces the plant defence responses and growth retardation which are less-than-additive. This sub-additive response, consistent across different study environments, suggests the possibility of a cross-resistance mechanism. Our outlines imply that the adverse effects of increased drought and UV-B could potentially be mitigated by cross-talk between UV-B and drought regimes utilizing a multidimensional approach. This crucial insight could contribute significantly to refining our understanding of stress tolerance in the face of ongoing global climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noman Shoaib
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kaiwen Pan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Nishbah Mughal
- Engineering Research Centre for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China (Ministry of Agriculture), College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ali Raza
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liling Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Juan Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaogang Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoming Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhifen Pan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
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Tian H, Tang B, Fan W, Pan Z, Peng J, Wang Y, Liu F, Liu G. The role of strigolactone analog (GR24) in endogenous hormone metabolism and hormone-related gene expression in tobacco axillary buds. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2023; 43:21. [PMID: 38150090 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-023-03081-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Strigolactone has the potential to influence hormone metabolism, in addition to having a role in inhibiting axillary bud elongation, which could be regulated by the expression of phytohormones-related genes. The elongation of axillary buds affects the economic benefits of tobacco. In this study, it was investigated the effect of strigolactone (SL) on the elongation of tobacco axillary buds and its endogenous hormone metabolism and related gene expression by applying the artificial analog of SL, GR24, and an inhibitor of SL synthesis, TIS-108, to the axillary buds. The results showed that the elongation of axillary buds was significantly inhibited by GR24 on day 2 and day 9. Ultra-high-performance liquid-chromatography-mass spectrometry results further showed that SL significantly affected the metabolism of endogenous plant hormones, altering both their levels and the ratios between each endogenous hormone. Particularly, the levels of auxin (IAA), trans-zeatin-riboside (tZR), N6-(∆2-isopentenyl) adenine (iP), gibberellin A4 (GA4), jasmonic acid (JA), and jasmonoyl isoleucine (JA-Ile) were decreased after GR24 treatment on day 9, but the levels of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) and gibberellin A1 (GA1) were significantly increased. Further analysis of endogenous hormonal balance revealed that after the treatment with GR24 on day 9, the ratio of IAA to cytokinin (CTK) was markedly increased, but the ratios of IAA to abscisic acid (ABA), salicylic acid (SA), ACC, JAs, and, GAs were notably decreased. In addition, according to RNA-seq analysis, multiple differentially expressed genes were found, such as GH3.1, AUX/IAA, SUAR20, IPT, CKX1, GA2ox1, ACO3, ERF1, PR1, and HCT, which may play critical roles in the biosynthesis, deactivation, signaling pathway of phytohormones, and the biosynthesis of flavonoids to regulate the elongation of axillary buds in tobacco. This work lays the certain theoretical foundation for the application of SL in regulating the elongation of axillary buds of tobacco.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyuan Tian
- College of Tobacco Science, Guizhou University/Guizhou Key Laboratory for Tobacco Quality Research, Guiyang, 550025, People's Republic of China
| | - Boxi Tang
- College of Tobacco Science, Guizhou University/Guizhou Key Laboratory for Tobacco Quality Research, Guiyang, 550025, People's Republic of China
| | - Wuwei Fan
- Yimen County Branch of Yuxi Tobacco Company, Yimen, 651100, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyan Pan
- College of Tobacco Science, Guizhou University/Guizhou Key Laboratory for Tobacco Quality Research, Guiyang, 550025, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiantao Peng
- College of Tobacco Science, Guizhou University/Guizhou Key Laboratory for Tobacco Quality Research, Guiyang, 550025, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanxiu Wang
- College of Tobacco Science, Guizhou University/Guizhou Key Laboratory for Tobacco Quality Research, Guiyang, 550025, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Liu
- College of Tobacco Science, Guizhou University/Guizhou Key Laboratory for Tobacco Quality Research, Guiyang, 550025, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoqin Liu
- College of Tobacco Science, Guizhou University/Guizhou Key Laboratory for Tobacco Quality Research, Guiyang, 550025, People's Republic of China.
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Liu T, Dong L, Wang E, Liu S, Cheng Y, Zhao J, Xu S, Liang Z, Ma H, Nie B, Song B. StHAB1, a negative regulatory factor in abscisic acid signaling, plays crucial roles in potato drought tolerance and shoot branching. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:6708-6721. [PMID: 37479226 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) is critical in drought tolerance and plant growth. Group A protein type 2C phosphatases (PP2Cs) are negative regulators of ABA signaling and plant adaptation to stress. Knowledge about the functions of potato group A PP2Cs is limited. Here, we report that the potato group A PP2C StHAB1 is broadly expressed in potato plants and strongly induced by ABA and drought. Suppression of StHAB1 enhanced potato ABA sensitivity and drought tolerance, whereas overexpression of the dominant mutant StHAB1G276D compromised ABA sensitivity and drought tolerance. StHAB1 interacts with almost all ABA receptors and the Snf1-Related Kinase OST1. Suppressing StHAB1 and overexpressing StHAB1G276D alter potato growth morphology; notably, overexpression of StHAB1G276D causes excessive shoot branching. RNA-sequencing analyses identified that the auxin efflux carrier genes StPIN3, StPIN5, and StPIN8 were up-regulated in StHAB1G276D-overexpressing axillary buds. Correspondingly, the auxin concentration was reduced in StHAB1G276D-overexpressing axillary buds, consistent with the role of auxin in repressing lateral branch outgrowth. The expression of BRANCHED1s (StBRC1a and StBRC1b) was unchanged in StHAB1G276D-overexpressing axillary buds, suggesting that StHAB1G276D overexpression does not cause axillary bud outgrowth via regulation of BRC1 expression. Our findings demonstrate that StHAB1 is vital in potato drought tolerance and shoot branching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengfei Liu
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Liepeng Dong
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Enshuang Wang
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Shengxuan Liu
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yunxia Cheng
- College of Plant Science, Tarim University, Alar, Xinjiang, 843300, China
| | - Ji Zhao
- Zhangjiakou Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Zhangjiakou, Hebei 075000, China
| | - Shijing Xu
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zhen Liang
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Hui Ma
- Zhangjiakou Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Zhangjiakou, Hebei 075000, China
| | - Bihua Nie
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Botao Song
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
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27
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Hesami M, Pepe M, Jones AMP. Morphological Characterization of Cannabis sativa L. Throughout Its Complete Life Cycle. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3646. [PMID: 37896109 PMCID: PMC10610221 DOI: 10.3390/plants12203646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
This study extensively characterizes the morphological characteristics, including the leaf morphology, plant structure, flower development, and trichome features throughout the entire life cycle of Cannabis sativa L. cv. White Widow. The developmental responses to photoperiodic variations were investigated from germination to mature plant senescence. The leaf morphology showed a progression of complexity, beginning with serrations in the 1st true leaves, until the emergence of nine leaflets in the 6th true leaves, followed by a distinct shift to eight, then seven leaflets with the 14th and 15th true leaves, respectively. Thereafter, the leaf complexity decreased, culminating in the emergence of a single leaflet from the 25th node. The leaf area peaked with the 12th leaves, which coincided with a change from opposite to alternate phyllotaxy. The stipule development at nodes 5 and 6 signified the vegetative phase, followed by bract and solitary flower development emerging in nodes 7-12, signifying the reproductive phase. The subsequent induction of short-day photoperiod triggered the formation of apical inflorescence. Mature flowers displayed abundant glandular trichomes on perigonal bracts, with stigma color changing from whitish-yellow to reddish-brown. A pronounced increase in trichome density was evident, particularly on the abaxial bract surface, following the onset of flowering. The trichomes exhibited simultaneous growth in stalk length and glandular head diameter and pronounced shifts in color. Hermaphroditism occurred well after the general harvest date. This comprehensive study documents the intricate photoperiod-driven morphological changes throughout the complete lifecycle of Cannabis sativa L. cv. White Widow. The developmental responses characterized provide valuable insights for industrial and research applications.
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28
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Mehdi F, Liu X, Riaz Z, Javed U, Aman A, Galani S. Expression of sucrose metabolizing enzymes in different sugarcane varieties under progressive heat stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1269521. [PMID: 37908828 PMCID: PMC10614296 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1269521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Studying the thermal stress effect on sucrose-metabolizing enzymes in sugarcane is of great importance for understanding acclimation to thermal stress. In this study, two varieties, S2003-US-633 and SPF-238, were grown at three different temperatures ( ± 2°C): 30°C as a control, 45°C for various episodes of high temperature treatments and recovery conditions at 24, 48 and 72 hours. Data showed that reducing sugar content increased until the grand growth stage but sharply declined at the maturity stage in both cultivars. On the other hand, sucrose is enhanced only at the maturity stage. The expression of all invertase isozymes declined prominently; however, the expression of SPS was high at the maturity stage. Hence, the sucrose accumulation in mature cane was due to increased SPS activity while decreased invertase isozymes (vacuolar, cytoplasmic and cell wall) activities at maturity stage in both cultivars. Heat shock decreased the sucrose metabolizing enzymes, sucrose content and sugar recovery rate in both cultivars. In contrast, heat-shock treatments induced maximum proline, MDA, H2O2 and EC in both cultivars. Notably, this is the first report of diverse invertase isozyme molecular weight proteins, such as those with 67, 134 and 160 kDa, produced under heat stress, suggesting that these enzymes have varied activities at different developmental stages. Overall, S2003-US-633 performs better than the cultivar SPF-238 under heat stress conditions at all development stages, with increased sucrose content, enzyme expression, proline and sugar recovery rate. This work will provide a new avenue regarding sugarcane molecular breeding programs with respect to thermal stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faisal Mehdi
- Sugarcane Research Institute, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kaiyuan, China
- Agriculture and Agribusiness Management, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
- Dr. A. Q. Khan Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (KIBGE), University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Xinlong Liu
- Sugarcane Research Institute, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kaiyuan, China
- National Key Laboratory for Biological Breeding of Tropical Crops, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Zunaira Riaz
- Agriculture and Agribusiness Management, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Urooj Javed
- Dow College of Biotechnology, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Afsheen Aman
- Dr. A. Q. Khan Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (KIBGE), University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Saddia Galani
- Dr. A. Q. Khan Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (KIBGE), University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
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29
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Van Dingenen J, De Keyser A, Desmet S, Clarysse A, Beullens S, Michiels J, Planque M, Goormachtig S. Strigolactones repress nodule development and senescence in pea. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 116:7-22. [PMID: 37608631 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactones are a class of phytohormones that are involved in many different plant developmental processes, including the rhizobium-legume nodule symbiosis. Although both positive and negative effects of strigolactones on the number of nodules have been reported, the influence of strigolactones on nodule development is still unknown. Here, by means of the ramosus (rms) mutants of Pisum sativum (pea) cv Terese, we investigated the impact of strigolactone biosynthesis (rms1 and rms5) and signaling (rms3 and rms4) mutants on nodule growth. The rms mutants had more red, that is, functional, and larger nodules than the wild-type plants. Additionally, the increased nitrogen fixation and senescence zones with consequently reduced meristematic and infection zones indicated that the rms nodules developed faster than the wild-type nodules. An enhanced expression of the nodule zone-specific molecular markers for meristem activity and senescence supported the enlarged, fast maturing nodules. Interestingly, the master nodulation regulator, NODULE INCEPTION, NIN, was strongly induced in nodules of all rms mutants but not prior to inoculation. Determination of sugar levels with both bulk and spatial metabolomics in roots and nodules, respectively, hints at slightly increased malic acid levels early during nodule primordia formation and reduced sugar levels at later stages, possibly the consequence of an increased carbon usage of the enlarged nodules, contributing to the enhanced senescence. Taken together, these results suggest that strigolactones regulate the development of nodules, which is probably mediated through NIN, and available plant sugars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Van Dingenen
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Annick De Keyser
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sandrien Desmet
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Metabolomics Core, VIB, Technologiepark 71, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Alexander Clarysse
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Serge Beullens
- Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Center for Microbiology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan Michiels
- Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Center for Microbiology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mélanie Planque
- Spatial Metabolomics Expertise Center, VIB Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sofie Goormachtig
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
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30
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Chen S, Song X, Zheng Q, Liu Y, Yu J, Zhou Y, Xia X. The transcription factor SPL13 mediates strigolactone suppression of shoot branching by inhibiting cytokinin synthesis in Solanum lycopersicum. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:5722-5735. [PMID: 37504507 PMCID: PMC10540736 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Plant architecture imposes a large impact on crop yield. IDEAL PLANT ARCHITECTURE 1 (IPA1), which encodes a SQUAMOSA PROMOTER BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE (SPL) transcription factor, is a target of molecular design for improving grain yield. However, the roles of SPL transcription factors in regulating tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) plant architecture are unclear. Here, we show that the expression of SPL13 is down-regulated in the lateral buds of strigolactone (SL)-deficient ccd mutants and is induced by GR24 (a synthetic analog of SL). Knockout of SPL13 by CRISPR/Cas9 resulted in higher levels of cytokinins (CKs) and transcripts of the CK synthesis gene ISOPENTENYL TRANSFERASES 1 (IPT1) in the stem nodes, and more growth of lateral buds. GR24 suppresses CK synthesis and lateral bud growth in ccd mutants, but is not effective in spl13 mutants. On the other hand, silencing of the IPT1 gene inhibited bud growth of spl13 mutants. Interestingly, SL levels in root extracts and exudates are significantly increased in spl13 mutants. Molecular studies indicated that SPL13 directly represses the transcription of IPT1 and the SL synthesis genes CAROTENOID CLEAVAGE DIOXYGENASE 7 (CCD7) and MORE AXILLARY GROWTH 1 (MAX1). The results demonstrate that SPL13 acts downstream of SL to suppress lateral bud growth by inhibiting CK synthesis in tomato. Tuning the expression of SPL13 is a potential approach for decreasing the number of lateral shoots in tomato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangyu Chen
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Xuewei Song
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Qixiang Zheng
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Yuqi Liu
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Jingquan Yu
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
- Hainan Institute, Zhejiang University, Sanya 572025, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plants Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Yanhong Zhou
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
- Hainan Institute, Zhejiang University, Sanya 572025, PR China
| | - Xiaojian Xia
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
- Hainan Institute, Zhejiang University, Sanya 572025, PR China
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31
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Fan S, Luo F, Wang M, Xu Y, Chen W, Yang G. Comparative transcriptome analysis of genes involved in paradormant bud release response in 'Summer Black' grape. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1236141. [PMID: 37818318 PMCID: PMC10561283 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1236141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
Grapevines possess a hierarchy of buds, and the fruitful winter bud forms the foundation of the two-crop-a-year cultivation system, yielding biannual harvests. Throughout its developmental stages, the winter bud sequentially undergoes paradormancy, endodormancy, and ecodormancy to ensure survival in challenging environmental conditions. Releasing the endodormancy of winter bud results in the first crop yield, while breaking the paradormancy of winter bud allows for the second crop harvest. Hydrogen cyanamide serves as an agent to break endodormancy, which counteracting the inhibitory effects of ABA, while H2O2 and ethylene function as signaling molecules in the process of endodormancy release. In the context of breaking paradormancy, common agronomic practices include short pruning and hydrogen cyanamide treatment. However, the mechanism of hydrogen cyanamide contributes to this process remains unknown. This study confirms that hydrogen cyanamide treatment significantly improved both the speed and uniformity of bud sprouting, while short pruning proved to be an effective method for releasing paradormancy until August. This observation highlights the role of apical dominance as a primary inhibitory factor in suppressing the sprouting of paradormant winter bud. Comparative transcriptome analysis revealed that the sixth node winter bud convert to apical tissue following short pruning and established a polar auxin transport canal through the upregulated expression of VvPIN3 and VvTIR1. Moreover, short pruning induced the generation of reactive oxygen species, and wounding, ethylene, and H2O2 collectively acted as stimulating signals and amplified effects through the MAPK cascade. In contrast, hydrogen cyanamide treatment directly disrupted mitochondrial function, resulting in ROS production and an extended efficacy of the growth hormone signaling pathway induction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Guoshun Yang
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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32
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Dun EA, Brewer PB, Gillam EMJ, Beveridge CA. Strigolactones and Shoot Branching: What Is the Real Hormone and How Does It Work? PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 64:967-983. [PMID: 37526426 PMCID: PMC10504579 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcad088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
There have been substantial advances in our understanding of many aspects of strigolactone regulation of branching since the discovery of strigolactones as phytohormones. These include further insights into the network of phytohormones and other signals that regulate branching, as well as deep insights into strigolactone biosynthesis, metabolism, transport, perception and downstream signaling. In this review, we provide an update on recent advances in our understanding of how the strigolactone pathway co-ordinately and dynamically regulates bud outgrowth and pose some important outstanding questions that are yet to be resolved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Dun
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Plant Success in Nature and Agriculture, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
- School of Agriculture and Food Sustainability, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Philip B Brewer
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Plant Success in Nature and Agriculture, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
- Waite Research Institute, School of Agriculture Food & Wine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5064, Australia
| | - Elizabeth M J Gillam
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Christine A Beveridge
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Plant Success in Nature and Agriculture, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
- School of Agriculture and Food Sustainability, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
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33
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Ran F, Bai X, Li J, Yuan Y, Li C, Li P, Chen H. Cytokinin and Metabolites Affect Rhizome Growth and Development in Kentucky Bluegrass ( Poa pratensis). BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1120. [PMID: 37627004 PMCID: PMC10452147 DOI: 10.3390/biology12081120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Rhizome growth and development is regulated by phytohormone. However, endogenous phytohormones affect rhizome initiation, and sustained growth in perennial grass species remains elusive. In this study, we investigated the morphological characteristics and the content of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), zeatin (ZT), gibberellic acid (GA3), and abscisic acid (ABA) in the rhizomes of two different Kentucky bluegrass. Using ultra-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS), we performed metabolite analysis of two different rhizomes. In our study, the multi-rhizome Kentucky bluegrass material 'Yuzhong' had an average of 1113 rhizomes, while the few-rhizome material 'Anding' had an average of 347 rhizomes. The diameter of rhizome and length of rhizome internode in 'Yuzhong' were 1.68-fold and 1.33-fold higher than that of the 'Anding', respectively. The rhizome dry weight of 'Yuzhong' was 75.06 g, while the 'Anding' was 20.79 g. 'Yuzhong' had a higher ZT content (5.50 μg·g-1), which is 2.4-fold that of 'Anding' (2.27 μg·g-1). In contrast, the IAA, ABA, and GA3 content of rhizome were markedly higher in 'Anding' than 'Yuzhong'. Correlation analysis revealed significant correlations between ZT and ZT/ABA with the number of rhizomes, diameter of rhizome, and length of rhizome internode, whereas IAA, ABA, GA3, and IAA/ZT were opposite. In the metabolic profiles, we identified 163 differentially expressed metabolites (DEMs) (60 upregulated and 103 downregulated) in positive ion mode and 75 DEMs (36 upregulated and 39 downregulated) in negative ion mode. Histidine metabolism and ABC transporters pathways were the most significantly enriched in the positive and negative ion mode, respectively, both of which are involved in the synthesis and transport of cytokinin. These results indicate that cytokinin is crucial for rhizome development and promotes rhizome germination and growth of Kentucky bluegrass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu Ran
- College of Grassland Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (F.R.)
| | - Xiaoming Bai
- College of Grassland Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (F.R.)
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecosystem, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Juanxia Li
- College of Grassland Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (F.R.)
| | - Yajuan Yuan
- College of Grassland Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (F.R.)
| | - Changning Li
- College of Grassland Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (F.R.)
| | - Ping Li
- College of Grassland Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (F.R.)
| | - Hui Chen
- College of Grassland Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (F.R.)
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecosystem, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
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Barbier F, Fichtner F, Beveridge C. The strigolactone pathway plays a crucial role in integrating metabolic and nutritional signals in plants. NATURE PLANTS 2023; 9:1191-1200. [PMID: 37488268 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-023-01453-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactones are rhizosphere signals and phytohormones that play crucial roles in plant development. They are also well known for their role in integrating nitrate and phosphate signals to regulate shoot and root development. More recently, sugars and citrate (an intermediate of the tricarboxylic acid cycle) were reported to inhibit the strigolactone response, with dramatic effects on shoot architecture. This Review summarizes the discoveries recently made concerning the mechanisms through which the strigolactone pathway integrates sugar, metabolite and nutrient signals. We highlight here that strigolactones and MAX2-dependent signalling play crucial roles in mediating the impacts of nutritional and metabolic cues on plant development and metabolism. We also discuss and speculate concerning the role of these interactions in plant evolution and adaptation to their environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francois Barbier
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia.
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Plant Success in Nature and Agriculture, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Franziska Fichtner
- Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christine Beveridge
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Plant Success in Nature and Agriculture, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
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Li R, Ma R, Zheng Y, Zhao Q, Zong Y, Zhu Y, Chen W, Li Y, Guo W. A Study of the Molecular Regulatory Network of VcTCP18 during Blueberry Bud Dormancy. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2595. [PMID: 37514210 PMCID: PMC10385817 DOI: 10.3390/plants12142595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
BRANCHED1 (BRC1) is a crucial member of the TEOSINTE BRANCHED1/CYCLOIDEA/PCF (TCP) gene family and is well known for playing a central role in shoot branching by controlling buds' paradormancy. However, the expression characteristics and molecular regulatory mechanism of BRC1 during blueberry bud dormancy are unclear. To shed light on these topics, shoots of three blueberry cultivars with different chilling requirements (CRs) were decapitated in summer to induce paradormancy release and subjected to different levels of chilling in winter to induce endodormancy release. The results showed that the high-CR cultivar 'Chandler' had the strongest apical dominance among the three cultivars; additionally, the expression of VcTCP18, which is homologous to BRC1, was the highest under both the decapitation treatment and low-temperature treatment. The 'Emerald' cultivar, with a low CR, demonstrated the opposite trend. These findings suggest that VcTCP18 plays a negative regulatory role in bud break and that there may be a correlation between the CR and tree shape. Through yeast 1-hybrid (Y1H) assays, we finally screened 21 upstream regulatory genes, including eight transcription factors: zinc-finger homeodomain protein 1/4/5/9, MYB4, AP2-like ethylene-responsive transcription factor AINTEGUMENTA (ANT), ASIL2-like, and bHLH035. It was found that these upstream regulatory genes positively or negatively regulated the expression of VcTCP18 based on the transcriptome expression profile. In summary, this study enriched our understanding of the regulatory network of BRCl during bud dormancy and provided new insights into the function of BRC1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixue Li
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China; (R.L.); (R.M.); (Y.Z.); (Q.Z.); (Y.Z.); (W.C.)
| | - Rui Ma
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China; (R.L.); (R.M.); (Y.Z.); (Q.Z.); (Y.Z.); (W.C.)
| | - Yuling Zheng
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China; (R.L.); (R.M.); (Y.Z.); (Q.Z.); (Y.Z.); (W.C.)
| | - Qi Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China; (R.L.); (R.M.); (Y.Z.); (Q.Z.); (Y.Z.); (W.C.)
| | - Yu Zong
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China; (R.L.); (R.M.); (Y.Z.); (Q.Z.); (Y.Z.); (W.C.)
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology on Specialty Economic Plants, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Youyin Zhu
- School of Agricultural, Jinhua Polytechinc, Jinhua 321007, China;
| | - Wenrong Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China; (R.L.); (R.M.); (Y.Z.); (Q.Z.); (Y.Z.); (W.C.)
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology on Specialty Economic Plants, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Yongqiang Li
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China; (R.L.); (R.M.); (Y.Z.); (Q.Z.); (Y.Z.); (W.C.)
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology on Specialty Economic Plants, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Weidong Guo
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China; (R.L.); (R.M.); (Y.Z.); (Q.Z.); (Y.Z.); (W.C.)
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology on Specialty Economic Plants, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
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Wang Q, Xue N, Sun C, Tao J, Mi C, Yuan Y, Pan X, Gui M, Long R, Ding R, Li S, Lin L. Transcriptomic Profiling of Shoot Apical Meristem Aberrations in the Multi-Main-Stem Mutant ( ms) of Brassica napus L. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1396. [PMID: 37510301 PMCID: PMC10378962 DOI: 10.3390/genes14071396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) is a globally important oilseed crop with various uses, including the consumption of its succulent stems as a seasonal vegetable, but its uniaxial branching habit limits the stem yield. Therefore, developing a multi-stem rapeseed variety has become increasingly crucial. In this study, a natural mutant of the wild type (ZY511, Zhongyou511) with stable inheritance of the multi-stem trait (ms) was obtained, and it showed abnormal shoot apical meristem (SAM) development and an increased main stem number compared to the WT. Histological and scanning electron microscopy analyses revealed multiple SAMs in the ms mutant, whereas only a single SAM was found in the WT. Transcriptome analyses showed significant alterations in the expression of genes involved in cytokinin (CK) biosynthesis and metabolism pathways in the ms mutant. These findings provide insight into the mechanism of multi-main-stem formation in Brassica napus L. and lay a theoretical foundation for breeding multi-main-stem rapeseed vegetable varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
- Horticultural Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650200, China
- Engineering Research Center of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Support Production Technology, Horticultural Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 2238 Beijing Road, Kunming 650205, China
| | - Na Xue
- Horticultural Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650200, China
- Engineering Research Center of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Support Production Technology, Horticultural Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 2238 Beijing Road, Kunming 650205, China
| | - Chao Sun
- Tea Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650221, China
| | - Jing Tao
- Horticultural Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650200, China
- Engineering Research Center of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Support Production Technology, Horticultural Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 2238 Beijing Road, Kunming 650205, China
| | - Chao Mi
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Yi Yuan
- Horticultural Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650200, China
- Engineering Research Center of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Support Production Technology, Horticultural Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 2238 Beijing Road, Kunming 650205, China
| | - Xiangwei Pan
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
- Horticultural Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650200, China
| | - Min Gui
- Horticultural Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650200, China
- Engineering Research Center of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Support Production Technology, Horticultural Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 2238 Beijing Road, Kunming 650205, China
| | - Ronghua Long
- Horticultural Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650200, China
- Engineering Research Center of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Support Production Technology, Horticultural Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 2238 Beijing Road, Kunming 650205, China
| | - Renzhan Ding
- Horticultural Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650200, China
| | - Shikai Li
- Horticultural Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650200, China
- Engineering Research Center of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Support Production Technology, Horticultural Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 2238 Beijing Road, Kunming 650205, China
| | - Liangbin Lin
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
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Ahsan MU, Barbier F, Hayward A, Powell R, Hofman H, Parfitt SC, Wilkie J, Beveridge CA, Mitter N. Molecular Cues for Phenological Events in the Flowering Cycle in Avocado. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2304. [PMID: 37375929 DOI: 10.3390/plants12122304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Reproductively mature horticultural trees undergo an annual flowering cycle that repeats each year of their reproductive life. This annual flowering cycle is critical for horticultural tree productivity. However, the molecular events underlying the regulation of flowering in tropical tree crops such as avocado are not fully understood or documented. In this study, we investigated the potential molecular cues regulating the yearly flowering cycle in avocado for two consecutive crop cycles. Homologues of flowering-related genes were identified and assessed for their expression profiles in various tissues throughout the year. Avocado homologues of known floral genes FT, AP1, LFY, FUL, SPL9, CO and SEP2/AGL4 were upregulated at the typical time of floral induction for avocado trees growing in Queensland, Australia. We suggest these are potential candidate markers for floral initiation in these crops. In addition, DAM and DRM1, which are associated with endodormancy, were downregulated at the time of floral bud break. In this study, a positive correlation between CO activation and FT in avocado leaves to regulate flowering was not seen. Furthermore, the SOC1-SPL4 model described in annual plants appears to be conserved in avocado. Lastly, no correlation of juvenility-related miRNAs miR156, miR172 with any phenological event was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Umair Ahsan
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Francois Barbier
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Alice Hayward
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Rosanna Powell
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Helen Hofman
- Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Queensland Government, Bundaberg, QLD 4670, Australia
| | - Siegrid Carola Parfitt
- Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Queensland Government, Bundaberg, QLD 4670, Australia
| | - John Wilkie
- Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Queensland Government, Bundaberg, QLD 4670, Australia
| | | | - Neena Mitter
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
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38
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Considine MJ, Foyer CH. Metabolic regulation of quiescence in plants. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 114:1132-1148. [PMID: 36994639 PMCID: PMC10952390 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Quiescence is a crucial survival attribute in which cell division is repressed in a reversible manner. Although quiescence has long been viewed as an inactive state, recent studies have shown that it is an actively monitored process that is influenced by environmental stimuli. Here, we provide a perspective of the quiescent state and discuss how this process is tuned by energy, nutrient and oxygen status, and the pathways that sense and transmit these signals. We not only highlight the governance of canonical regulators and signalling mechanisms that respond to changes in nutrient and energy status, but also consider the central significance of mitochondrial functions and cues as key regulators of nuclear gene expression. Furthermore, we discuss how reactive oxygen species and the associated redox processes, which are intrinsically linked to energy carbohydrate metabolism, also play a key role in the orchestration of quiescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. Considine
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture and the School of Molecular SciencesThe University of Western AustraliaPerthWestern Australia6009Australia
- The Department of Primary Industries and Regional DevelopmentPerthWestern Australia6000Australia
| | - Christine H. Foyer
- School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental SciencesUniversity of BirminghamEdgbastonB15 2TTUK
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39
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Basu U, Parida SK. Restructuring plant types for developing tailor-made crops. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2023; 21:1106-1122. [PMID: 34260135 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Plants have adapted to different environmental niches by fine-tuning the developmental factors working together to regulate traits. Variations in the developmental factors result in a wide range of quantitative variations in these traits that helped plants survive better. The major developmental pathways affecting plant architecture are also under the control of such pathways. Most notable are the CLAVATA-WUSCHEL pathway regulating shoot apical meristem fate, GID1-DELLA module influencing plant height and tillering, LAZY1-TAC1 module controlling branch/tiller angle and the TFL1-FT determining the floral fate in plants. Allelic variants of these key regulators selected during domestication shaped the crops the way we know them today. There is immense yield potential in the 'ideal plant architecture' of a crop. With the available genome-editing techniques, possibilities are not restricted to naturally occurring variations. Using a transient reprogramming system, one can screen the effect of several developmental gene expressions in novel ecosystems to identify the best targets. We can use the plant's fine-tuning mechanism for customizing crops to specific environments. The process of crop domestication can be accelerated with a proper understanding of these developmental pathways. It is time to step forward towards the next-generation molecular breeding for restructuring plant types in crops ensuring yield stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Udita Basu
- Genomics-Assisted Breeding and Crop Improvement Laboratory, National Institute of Plant Genome Research (NIPGR), New Delhi, India
| | - Swarup K Parida
- Genomics-Assisted Breeding and Crop Improvement Laboratory, National Institute of Plant Genome Research (NIPGR), New Delhi, India
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40
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Cao D, Chabikwa T, Barbier F, Dun EA, Fichtner F, Dong L, Kerr SC, Beveridge CA. Auxin-independent effects of apical dominance induce changes in phytohormones correlated with bud outgrowth. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 192:1420-1434. [PMID: 36690819 PMCID: PMC10231355 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The inhibition of shoot branching by the growing shoot tip of plants, termed apical dominance, was originally thought to be mediated by auxin. Recently, the importance of the shoot tip sink strength during apical dominance has re-emerged with recent studies highlighting roles for sugars in promoting branching. This raises many unanswered questions on the relative roles of auxin and sugars in apical dominance. Here we show that auxin depletion after decapitation is not always the initial trigger of rapid cytokinin (CK) increases in buds that are instead correlated with enhanced sugars. Auxin may also act through strigolactones (SLs) which have been shown to suppress branching after decapitation, but here we show that SLs do not have a significant effect on initial bud outgrowth after decapitation. We report here that when sucrose or CK is abundant, SLs are less inhibitory during the bud release stage compared to during later stages and that SL treatment rapidly inhibits CK accumulation in pea (Pisum sativum) axillary buds of intact plants. After initial bud release, we find an important role of gibberellin (GA) in promoting sustained bud growth downstream of auxin. We are, therefore, able to suggest a model of apical dominance that integrates auxin, sucrose, SLs, CKs, and GAs and describes differences in signalling across stages of bud release to sustained growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Cao
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Plant Success in Nature and Agriculture, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Tinashe Chabikwa
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Francois Barbier
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Plant Success in Nature and Agriculture, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Elizabeth A Dun
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Plant Success in Nature and Agriculture, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Franziska Fichtner
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Plant Success in Nature and Agriculture, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Lili Dong
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Stephanie C Kerr
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Christine A Beveridge
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Plant Success in Nature and Agriculture, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
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Jia P, Wang Y, Sharif R, Ren X, Qi G. MdIPT1, an adenylate isopentenyltransferase coding gene from Malus domestica, is involved in branching and flowering regulation. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 333:111730. [PMID: 37172827 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2023.111730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Flowering and shoot branching are significant agricultural traits for apple tree breeding. Cytokinin metabolism and signaling pathways play a crucial role in plant development. However, little is known about cytokinin biosynthetic molecular mechanism and function involved in apple flowering and branching. In this study, an adenylate isopentenyl transferase coding gene MdIPT1, homologous to AtIPT3/AtIPT5 in Arabidopsis thaliana, was identified. MdIPT1 was highly expressed in apple floral and axillary buds and was dramatically up-regulated during floral induction and axillary bud outgrowth. The promoter of MdIPT1 showed high activity in multiple tissues and responded to different hormone treatments. The MdIPT1-overexpressing Arabidopsis showed a multi-branching and early-flowering phenotype, with elevated endogenous cytokinin levels and altered expression of genes related to branching and flower formation. Overexpression of MdIPT1 confers the growth vigor of transgenic apple callus on a CKs-deficient medium. Our findings suggest that MdIPT1 is a positive regulator involved in branching and flowering. The data presented herein provide extensive research results on MdIPT1 and will contribute to molecular breeding for new apple varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Jia
- College of Forestry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China; State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Rahat Sharif
- Department of Horticulture, School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Xiaolin Ren
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Guohui Qi
- College of Forestry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
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Fu J, Jian Y, Wang X, Li L, Ciais P, Zscheischler J, Wang Y, Tang Y, Müller C, Webber H, Yang B, Wu Y, Wang Q, Cui X, Huang W, Liu Y, Zhao P, Piao S, Zhou F. Extreme rainfall reduces one-twelfth of China's rice yield over the last two decades. NATURE FOOD 2023; 4:416-426. [PMID: 37142747 DOI: 10.1038/s43016-023-00753-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Extreme climate events constitute a major risk to global food production. Among these, extreme rainfall is often dismissed from historical analyses and future projections, the impacts and mechanisms of which remain poorly understood. Here we used long-term nationwide observations and multi-level rainfall manipulative experiments to explore the magnitude and mechanisms of extreme rainfall impacts on rice yield in China. We find that rice yield reductions due to extreme rainfall were comparable to those induced by extreme heat over the last two decades, reaching 7.6 ± 0.9% (one standard error) according to nationwide observations and 8.1 ± 1.1% according to the crop model incorporating the mechanisms revealed from manipulative experiments. Extreme rainfall reduces rice yield mainly by limiting nitrogen availability for tillering that lowers per-area effective panicles and by exerting physical disturbance on pollination that declines per-panicle filled grains. Considering these mechanisms, we projected ~8% additional yield reduction due to extreme rainfall under warmer climate by the end of the century. These findings demonstrate that it is critical to account for extreme rainfall in food security assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Fu
- Institute of Carbon Neutrality, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yiwei Jian
- Institute of Carbon Neutrality, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xuhui Wang
- Institute of Carbon Neutrality, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Laurent Li
- Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Ciais
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, LSCE, Gif sur Yvette, France
- Climate and Atmosphere Research Center (CARE-C), The Cyprus Institute, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Jakob Zscheischler
- Department of Computational Hydrosystems, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Yin Wang
- Institute of Ecology, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanhong Tang
- Institute of Ecology, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Christoph Müller
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Member of the Leibniz Association, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Heidi Webber
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research, Müncheberg, Germany
| | - Bo Yang
- Key Laboratory of Nonpoint Source Pollution Control, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yali Wu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qihui Wang
- Institute of Carbon Neutrality, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoqing Cui
- Institute of Carbon Neutrality, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Weichen Huang
- Institute of Carbon Neutrality, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yongqiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Pengjun Zhao
- School of Urban Planning and Design, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shilong Piao
- Institute of Carbon Neutrality, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Zhou
- Institute of Carbon Neutrality, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.
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43
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Li Q, Liu N, Wu C. Novel insights into maize (Zea mays) development and organogenesis for agricultural optimization. PLANTA 2023; 257:94. [PMID: 37031436 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-023-04126-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
In maize, intrinsic hormone activities and sap fluxes facilitate organogenesis patterning and plant holistic development; these hormone movements should be a primary focus of developmental biology and agricultural optimization strategies. Maize (Zea mays) is an important crop plant with distinctive life history characteristics and structural features. Genetic studies have extended our knowledge of maize developmental processes, genetics, and molecular ecophysiology. In this review, the classical life cycle and life history strategies of maize are analyzed to identify spatiotemporal organogenesis properties and develop a definitive understanding of maize development. The actions of genes and hormones involved in maize organogenesis and sex determination, along with potential molecular mechanisms, are investigated, with findings suggesting central roles of auxin and cytokinins in regulating maize holistic development. Furthermore, investigation of morphological and structural characteristics of maize, particularly node ubiquity and the alternate attachment pattern of lateral organs, yields a novel regulatory model suggesting that maize organ initiation and subsequent development are derived from the stimulation and interaction of auxin and cytokinin fluxes. Propositions that hormone activities and sap flow pathways control organogenesis are thoroughly explored, and initiation and development processes of distinctive maize organs are discussed. Analysis of physiological factors driving hormone and sap movement implicates cues of whole-plant activity for hormone and sap fluxes to stimulate maize inflorescence initiation and organ identity determination. The physiological origins and biogenetic mechanisms underlying maize floral sex determination occurring at the tassel and ear spikelet are thoroughly investigated. The comprehensive outline of maize development and morphogenetic physiology developed in this review will enable farmers to optimize field management and will provide a reference for de novo crop domestication and germplasm improvement using genome editing biotechnologies, promoting agricultural optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinglin Li
- Crop Genesis and Novel Agronomy Center, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Ning Liu
- Shandong ZhongnongTiantai Seed Co., Ltd, Pingyi, 273300, Shandong, China
| | - Chenglai Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China.
- College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China.
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44
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Mathur S, Singh P, Yadava SK, Gupta V, Pradhan AK, Pental D. Genetic mapping of some key plant architecture traits in Brassica juncea using a doubled haploid population derived from a cross between two distinct lines: vegetable type Tumida and oleiferous Varuna. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2023; 136:96. [PMID: 37017803 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-023-04321-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Genetic mapping of some key plant architectural traits in a vegetable type and an oleiferous B. juncea cross revealed QTL and candidate genes for breeding more productive ideotypes. Brassica juncea (AABB, 2n = 36), commonly called mustard, is an allopolyploid crop of recent origin but contains considerable morphological and genetic variation. An F1-derived doubled haploid population developed from a cross between an Indian oleiferous line, Varuna, and a Chinese stem type vegetable mustard, Tumida showed significant variability for some key plant architectural traits-four stem strength-related traits, stem diameter (Dia), plant height (Plht), branch initiation height (Bih), number of primary branches (Pbr), and days to flowering (Df). Multi-environment QTL analysis identified twenty Stable QTL for the above-mentioned nine plant architectural traits. Though Tumida is ill-adapted to the Indian growing conditions, it was found to contribute favorable alleles in Stable QTL for five architectural traits-press force, Dia, Plht, Bih, and Pbr; these QTL could be used to breed superior ideotypes in the oleiferous mustard lines. A QTL cluster on LG A10 contained Stable QTL for seven architectural traits that included major QTL (phenotypic variance ≥ 10%) for Df and Pbr, with Tumida contributing the trait-enhancing alleles for both. Since early flowering is critical for the cultivation of mustard in the Indian subcontinent, this QTL cannot be used for the improvement of Pbr in the Indian gene pool lines. Conditional QTL analysis for Pbr, however, identified other QTL which could be used for the improvement of Pbr without affecting Df. The Stable QTL intervals were mapped on the genome assemblies of Tumida and Varuna for the identification of candidate genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shikha Mathur
- Department of Genetics, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, 110021, India
| | - Priyansha Singh
- Centre for Genetic Manipulation of Crop Plants, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, 110021, India
| | - Satish Kumar Yadava
- Centre for Genetic Manipulation of Crop Plants, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, 110021, India
| | - Vibha Gupta
- Centre for Genetic Manipulation of Crop Plants, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, 110021, India
| | - Akshay Kumar Pradhan
- Centre for Genetic Manipulation of Crop Plants, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, 110021, India
| | - Deepak Pental
- Centre for Genetic Manipulation of Crop Plants, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, 110021, India.
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45
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Lv Z, Yu L, Zhan H, Li J, Wang C, Huang L, Wang S. Shoot differentiation from Dendrocalamus brandisii callus and the related physiological roles of sugar and hormones during shoot differentiation. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2023:tpad039. [PMID: 36988419 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpad039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Only a few calli regeneration systems of bamboos were successfully established, which limited the research on physiological mechanism of callus differentiation. In this study, we successfully established the callus differentiation systems of Dendrocalamus brandisii via seeds. The results showed that the best medium for callus induction of D. brandisii seeds was basal MS media amended with 5.0 mg L-1 2,4-D and 0.5 mg L-1 KT, and the optimal medium for shoot differentiation was the basal MS media supplemented with 4.0 mg L-1 BA and 0.5 mg L-1 NAA. Callus tissues had apparent polarity in cell arrangement, and developed their own meristematic cell layers. α-amylase, STP and SUSY played a dominant role in carbohydrates degradation in callus during shoot differentiation. PPP and TCA pathways up-regulated in the shoot-differentiated calli. The dynamics of BA and KT contents in calli was consistent with their concentrations applied in medium. IAA synthesis and the related signal transduction were down-regulated, while the endogenous CTKs contents were up-regulated by the exogenous CTKs application in shoot-differentiated calli, and their related synthesis, transport and signal transduction pathways were also up-regulated. The downregulated signal transduction pathways of IAA and ABA revealed that they did not play the key role in shoot differentiation of bamboos. GAs also played a role in shoot differentiation based on the down-regulation of DELLA and the up-regulation of PIF4 genes. The overexpression of DbSNRK2 and DbFIF4 genes further confirmed the negative role of ABA and the positive role of GAs in shoot differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Lv
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
- Bamboo Research Institute, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lixia Yu
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
- Faculty of Bamboo and Rattan, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
| | - Hui Zhan
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
- Faculty of Bamboo and Rattan, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
| | - Juan Li
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
- Faculty of Bamboo and Rattan, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
| | - Changming Wang
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
- Faculty of Bamboo and Rattan, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
| | - Ling Huang
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
| | - Shuguang Wang
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
- Faculty of Bamboo and Rattan, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
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Zhu W, Xie Z, Chu Z, Ding Y, Shi G, Chen W, Wei X, Yuan Y, Wei F, Tian B. The Chromatin Remodeling Factor BrCHR39 Targets DNA Methylation to Positively Regulate Apical Dominance in Brassica rapa. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1384. [PMID: 36987072 PMCID: PMC10051476 DOI: 10.3390/plants12061384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The SHPRH (SNF2, histone linker, PHD, RING, helicase) subfamily belonging to ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling factor is the effective tumor-suppressor, which can polyubiquitinate PCNA (proliferating cell nuclear antigen) and participate in post-replication repair in human. However, little is known about the functions of SHPRH proteins in plants. In this study, we identified a novel SHPRH member BrCHR39 and obtained BrCHR39-silenced transgenic Brassica rapa. In contrast to wild-type plants, transgenic Brassica plants exhibited a released apical dominance phenotype with semi-dwarfism and multiple lateral branches. Furthermore, a global alteration of DNA methylation in the main stem and bud appeared after silencing of BrCHR39. Based on the GO (gene ontology) functional annotation and KEGG (Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes) pathway analysis, the plant hormone signal transduction pathway was clearly enriched. In particular, we found a significant increase in the methylation level of auxin-related genes in the stem, whereas auxin- and cytokinin-related genes were hypomethylated in the bud of transgenic plants. In addition, further qRT-PCR (quantitative real-time PCR) analysis revealed that DNA methylation level always had an opposite trend with gene expression level. Considered together, our findings indicated that suppression of BrCHR39 expression triggered the methylation divergence of hormone-related genes and subsequently affected transcription levels to regulate the apical dominance in Brassica rapa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhu
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Crop Gene Resource and Improvements, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Zhengqing Xie
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Crop Gene Resource and Improvements, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Zhenni Chu
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Crop Gene Resource and Improvements, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Institute of Horticulture, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Graduate T&R Base of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Yakun Ding
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Crop Gene Resource and Improvements, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Gongyao Shi
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Crop Gene Resource and Improvements, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Weiwei Chen
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Crop Gene Resource and Improvements, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xiaochun Wei
- Institute of Horticulture, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Graduate T&R Base of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Yuxiang Yuan
- Institute of Horticulture, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Graduate T&R Base of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Fang Wei
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Crop Gene Resource and Improvements, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Baoming Tian
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Crop Gene Resource and Improvements, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
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47
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Yang T, Jiao Y, Wang Y. Stem Cell Basis of Shoot Branching. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 64:291-296. [PMID: 36416577 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcac165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
During their postembryonic development, plants continuously form branches to conquer more space and adapt to changing environments. In seed plants, this is achieved by lateral branching, in which axillary meristems (AMs) initiate at the leaf axils to form axillary buds. The developmental potential of AMs to form shoot branches is the same as that of embryonic shoot apical meristems (SAMs). Recent studies in Arabidopsis thaliana have revealed the cellular origin of AMs and have identified transcription factors and phytohormones that regulate sequential steps leading to AM initiation. In particular, a group of meristematic cells detached from the SAM are key to AM initiation, which constitutes an excellent system for understanding stem cell fate and de novo meristem formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Yang
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Rd., Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuling Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Center for Quantitative Biology, Peking University, 5 Summer Palace Rd., Haidian District, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Ying Wang
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Rd., Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, China
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Liu P, Yin B, Liu X, Gu L, Guo J, Yang M, Zhen W. Optimizing plant spatial competition can change phytohormone content and promote tillering, thereby improving wheat yield. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1147711. [PMID: 36993839 PMCID: PMC10040448 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1147711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
As an important type of interplant competition, line-spacing shrinkage and row-spacing expansion (LSRE) can increase the number of tillers and improve resource utilization efficiency in wheat. Wheat tillering is closely related to various phytohormones. However, it is unclear whether LSRE regulates phytohormones and their relationship to tillering and wheat yield. This study evaluated tillering characteristics, phytohormone content in tiller nodes at the pre-winter stage, and grain yield factors for the winter wheat variety Malan1. We used a two-factor randomized block trial design with two sowing spacings of 15 cm (15RS, conventional treatment) and 7.5 cm (7.5RS, LSRE treatment) at the same density and three sowing-date groups (SD1, SD2, and SD3). LSRE significantly promoted wheat tillering and biomass at the pre-winter stage (average increases of 14.5% and 20.9% in the three sowing-date groups, respectively) and shortened the accumulated temperature required for a single tiller. Changes in the levels of phytohormones, including decreased gibberellin and indole acetic acid and increased zeatin riboside and strigolactones, were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography and were shown to be responsible for the tillering process under LSRE treatment in winter wheat. LSRE treatment can improve crop yield by increasing the number of spikes per unit area and grain weight. Our results clarified the changes in tillering and phytohormones content of winter wheat under LSRE treatment and their correlation with grain yield. This study also provides insights into the physiological mechanisms of alleviating inter-plant competition to improve crop yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Liu
- College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Baoding, China
- Key Laboratory of North China Water-saving Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Baoding, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation of Hebei Province, Baoding, China
| | - Baozhong Yin
- College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Xuejing Liu
- College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Baoding, China
- Key Laboratory of North China Water-saving Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Baoding, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation of Hebei Province, Baoding, China
- College of Clinical Medicine, North China University of Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Limin Gu
- College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Baoding, China
- Key Laboratory of North China Water-saving Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Baoding, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation of Hebei Province, Baoding, China
| | - Jinkao Guo
- College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Baoding, China
- Key Laboratory of North China Water-saving Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Baoding, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation of Hebei Province, Baoding, China
- Wheat Research Center, Shijiazhuang Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuan, China
| | - Mingming Yang
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Wenchao Zhen
- College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Baoding, China
- Key Laboratory of North China Water-saving Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Baoding, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation of Hebei Province, Baoding, China
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49
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Tanaka W, Yamauchi T, Tsuda K. Genetic basis controlling rice plant architecture and its modification for breeding. BREEDING SCIENCE 2023; 73:3-45. [PMID: 37168811 PMCID: PMC10165344 DOI: 10.1270/jsbbs.22088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The shoot and root system architectures are fundamental for crop productivity. During the history of artificial selection of domestication and post-domestication breeding, the architecture of rice has significantly changed from its wild ancestor to fulfil requirements in agriculture. We review the recent studies on developmental biology in rice by focusing on components determining rice plant architecture; shoot meristems, leaves, tillers, stems, inflorescences and roots. We also highlight natural variations that affected these structures and were utilized in cultivars. Importantly, many core regulators identified from developmental mutants have been utilized in breeding as weak alleles moderately affecting these architectures. Given a surge of functional genomics and genome editing, the genetic mechanisms underlying the rice plant architecture discussed here will provide a theoretical basis to push breeding further forward not only in rice but also in other crops and their wild relatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wakana Tanaka
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-4-4 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan
| | - Takaki Yamauchi
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
| | - Katsutoshi Tsuda
- National Institute of Genetics, 1111 Yata, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan
- Department of Genetics, School of Life Science, Graduate University for Advanced Studies, 1111 Yata, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan
- Corresponding author (e-mail: )
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50
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Hellens AM, Chabikwa TG, Fichtner F, Brewer PB, Beveridge CA. Identification of new potential downstream transcriptional targets of the strigolactone pathway including glucosinolate biosynthesis. PLANT DIRECT 2023; 7:e486. [PMID: 36945724 PMCID: PMC10024969 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactones regulate shoot branching and many aspects of plant growth, development, and allelopathy. Strigolactones are often discussed alongside auxin because they work together to inhibit shoot branching. However, the roles and mechanisms of strigolactones and how they act independently of auxin are still elusive. Additionally, there is still much in general to be discovered about the network of molecular regulators and their interactions in response to strigolactones. Here, we conducted an experiment in Arabidopsis with physiological treatments and strigolactone mutants to determine transcriptional pathways associated with strigolactones. The three physiological treatments included shoot tip removal with and without auxin treatment and treatment of intact plants with the auxin transport inhibitor, N-1-naphthylphthalamic acid (NPA). We identified the glucosinolate biosynthesis pathway as being upregulated across strigolactone mutants indicating strigolactone-glucosinolate crosstalk. Additionally, strigolactone application cannot restore the highly branched phenotype observed in glucosinolate biosynthesis mutants, placing glucosinolate biosynthesis downstream of strigolactone biosynthesis. Oxidative stress genes were enriched across the experiment suggesting that this process is mediated through multiple hormones. Here, we also provide evidence supporting non-auxin-mediated, negative feedback on strigolactone biosynthesis. Increases in strigolactone biosynthesis gene expression seen in strigolactone mutants could not be fully restored by auxin. By contrast, auxin could fully restore auxin-responsive gene expression increases, but not sugar signaling-related gene expression. Our data also point to alternative roles of the strigolactone biosynthesis genes and potential new signaling functions of strigolactone precursors. In this study, we identify a strigolactone-specific regulation of glucosinolate biosynthesis genes indicating that the two are linked and may work together in regulating stress and shoot ranching responses in Arabidopsis. Additionally, we provide evidence for non-auxinmediated feedback on strigolactone biosynthesis and discuss this in the context of sugar signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia M. Hellens
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of QueenslandSt. LuciaQueenslandAustralia
- ARC Centre for Plant Success in Nature and AgricultureThe University of QueenslandSt LuciaQueenslandAustralia
| | - Tinashe G. Chabikwa
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of QueenslandSt. LuciaQueenslandAustralia
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research InstituteBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Franziska Fichtner
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of QueenslandSt. LuciaQueenslandAustralia
- ARC Centre for Plant Success in Nature and AgricultureThe University of QueenslandSt LuciaQueenslandAustralia
- Institute for Plant BiochemistryHeinrich Heine UniversityDüsseldorfGermany
| | - Philip B. Brewer
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of QueenslandSt. LuciaQueenslandAustralia
- ARC Centre for Plant Success in Nature and AgricultureThe University of QueenslandSt LuciaQueenslandAustralia
- School of Agriculture, Food and WineThe University of AdelaideGlen OsmondSouth AustraliaAustralia
| | - Christine A. Beveridge
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of QueenslandSt. LuciaQueenslandAustralia
- ARC Centre for Plant Success in Nature and AgricultureThe University of QueenslandSt LuciaQueenslandAustralia
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