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Yang ZH, Song YL, Pei J, Li SZ, Liu RL, Xiong Y, Wu J, Liu YL, Fan HF, Wu JH, Wang ZJ, Guo J, Meng SL, Chen XQ, Lu J, Shen S. Measles Virus-Based Vaccine Expressing Membrane-Anchored Spike of SARS-CoV-2 Inducing Efficacious Systemic and Mucosal Humoral Immunity in Hamsters. Viruses 2024; 16:559. [PMID: 38675901 PMCID: PMC11054861 DOI: 10.3390/v16040559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
As SARS-CoV-2 continues to evolve and COVID-19 cases rapidly increase among children and adults, there is an urgent need for a safe and effective vaccine that can elicit systemic and mucosal humoral immunity to limit the emergence of new variants. Using the Chinese Hu191 measles virus (MeV-hu191) vaccine strain as a backbone, we developed MeV chimeras stably expressing the prefusion forms of either membrane-anchored, full-length spike (rMeV-preFS), or its soluble secreted spike trimers with the help of the SP-D trimerization tag (rMeV-S+SPD) of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.2. The two vaccine candidates were administrated in golden Syrian hamsters through the intranasal or subcutaneous routes to determine the optimal immunization route for challenge. The intranasal delivery of rMeV-S+SPD induced a more robust mucosal IgA antibody response than the subcutaneous route. The mucosal IgA antibody induced by rMeV-preFS through the intranasal routine was slightly higher than the subcutaneous route, but there was no significant difference. The rMeV-preFS vaccine stimulated higher mucosal IgA than the rMeV-S+SPD vaccine through intranasal or subcutaneous administration. In hamsters, intranasal administration of the rMeV-preFS vaccine elicited high levels of NAbs, protecting against the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.2 variant challenge by reducing virus loads and diminishing pathological changes in vaccinated animals. Encouragingly, sera collected from the rMeV-preFS group consistently showed robust and significantly high neutralizing titers against the latest variant XBB.1.16. These data suggest that rMeV-preFS is a highly promising COVID-19 candidate vaccine that has great potential to be developed into bivalent vaccines (MeV/SARS-CoV-2).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jia Lu
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co. Ltd., Wuhan 430207, China; (Z.-H.Y.); (Y.-L.S.); (J.P.); (S.-Z.L.); (R.-L.L.); (Y.X.); (J.W.); (Y.-L.L.); (H.-F.F.); (J.-H.W.); (Z.-J.W.); (J.G.); (S.-L.M.); (X.-Q.C.)
| | - Shuo Shen
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co. Ltd., Wuhan 430207, China; (Z.-H.Y.); (Y.-L.S.); (J.P.); (S.-Z.L.); (R.-L.L.); (Y.X.); (J.W.); (Y.-L.L.); (H.-F.F.); (J.-H.W.); (Z.-J.W.); (J.G.); (S.-L.M.); (X.-Q.C.)
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2
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Douradinha B. Biographical Feature: In memoriam Reinhard Glück (1950-2021)-Swiss by birth, Sicilian by choice. J Virol 2023; 97:e0149523. [PMID: 37877720 PMCID: PMC10688360 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01495-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
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3
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Li S, Zhao W, Xia L, Kong L, Yang L. How Long Will It Take to Launch an Effective Helicobacter pylori Vaccine for Humans? Infect Drug Resist 2023; 16:3787-3805. [PMID: 37342435 PMCID: PMC10278649 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s412361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori infection often occurs in early childhood, and can last a lifetime if not treated with medication. H. pylori infection can also cause a variety of stomach diseases, which can only be treated with a combination of antibiotics. Combinations of antibiotics can cure H. pylori infection, but it is easy to relapse and develop drug resistance. Therefore, a vaccine is a promising strategy for prevention and therapy for the infection of H. pylori. After decades of research and development, there has been no appearance of any H. pylori vaccine reaching the market, unfortunately. This review summarizes the aspects of candidate antigens, immunoadjuvants, and delivery systems in the long journey of H. pylori vaccine research, and also introduces some clinical trials that have displayed encouraging or depressing results. Possible reasons for the inability of an H. pylori vaccine to be available over the counter are cautiously discussed and some propositions for the future of H. pylori vaccines are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songhui Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenfeng Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009People’s Republic of China
| | - Lei Xia
- Bloomage Biotechnology Corporation Limited, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lingyi Kong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009People’s Republic of China
| | - Lei Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009People’s Republic of China
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Chavda VP, Bezbaruah R, Valu D, Patel B, Kumar A, Prasad S, Kakoti BB, Kaushik A, Jesawadawala M. Adenoviral Vector-Based Vaccine Platform for COVID-19: Current Status. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11020432. [PMID: 36851309 PMCID: PMC9965371 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11020432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) breakout had an unimaginable worldwide effect in the 21st century, claiming millions of lives and putting a huge burden on the global economy. The potential developments in vaccine technologies following the determination of the genetic sequence of SARS-CoV-2 and the increasing global efforts to bring potential vaccines and therapeutics into the market for emergency use have provided a small bright spot to this tragic event. Several intriguing vaccine candidates have been developed using recombinant technology, genetic engineering, and other vaccine development technologies. In the last decade, a vast amount of the vaccine development process has diversified towards the usage of viral vector-based vaccines. The immune response elicited by such vaccines is comparatively higher than other approved vaccine candidates that require a booster dose to provide sufficient immune protection. The non-replicating adenoviral vectors are promising vaccine carriers for infectious diseases due to better yield, cGMP-friendly manufacturing processes, safety, better efficacy, manageable shipping, and storage procedures. As of April 2022, the WHO has approved a total of 10 vaccines around the world for COVID-19 (33 vaccines approved by at least one country), among which three candidates are adenoviral vector-based vaccines. This review sheds light on the developmental summary of all the adenoviral vector-based vaccines that are under emergency use authorization (EUA) or in the different stages of development for COVID-19 management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek P. Chavda
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad 380009, Gujarat, India
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +91-7030-919-407
| | - Rajashri Bezbaruah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh 786004, Assam, India
| | - Disha Valu
- Drug Product Development Laboratory, Biopharma Division, Intas Pharmaceutical Ltd., Moraiya, Ahmedabad 382213, Gujarat, India
| | - Bindra Patel
- Pharmacy Section, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad 380009, Gujarat, India
| | - Anup Kumar
- Pharmacy Section, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad 380009, Gujarat, India
| | - Sanjay Prasad
- Cell and Gene Therapy Drug Product Development Laboratory, Biopharma Division, Intas Pharmaceutical Ltd., Moraiya, Ahmedabad 382213, Gujarat, India
| | - Bibhuti Bhusan Kakoti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh 786004, Assam, India
| | - Ajeet Kaushik
- NanoBioTech Laboratory, Health Systems Engineering, Department of Environmental Engineering, Florida Polytechnic University, Lakeland, FL 33805-8531, USA
| | - Mariya Jesawadawala
- Pharmacy Section, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad 380009, Gujarat, India
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5
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Ebenig A, Lange MV, Mühlebach MD. Versatility of live-attenuated measles viruses as platform technology for recombinant vaccines. NPJ Vaccines 2022; 7:119. [PMID: 36243743 PMCID: PMC9568972 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-022-00543-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Live-attenuated measles virus (MeV) has been extraordinarily effective in preventing measles infections and their often deadly sequelae, accompanied by remarkable safety and stability since their first licensing in 1963. The advent of recombinant DNA technologies, combined with systems to generate infectious negative-strand RNA viruses on the basis of viral genomes encoded on plasmid DNA in the 1990s, paved the way to generate recombinant, vaccine strain-derived MeVs. These live-attenuated vaccine constructs can encode and express additional foreign antigens during transient virus replication following immunization. Effective humoral and cellular immune responses are induced not only against the MeV vector, but also against the foreign antigen cargo in immunized individuals, which can protect against the associated pathogen. This review aims to present an overview of the versatility of this vaccine vector as platform technology to target various diseases, as well as current research and developmental stages, with one vaccine candidate ready to enter phase III clinical trials to gain marketing authorization, MV-CHIK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aileen Ebenig
- Division of Veterinary Medicine, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, D-63225, Langen, Germany
| | - Mona V Lange
- Division of Veterinary Medicine, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, D-63225, Langen, Germany
| | - Michael D Mühlebach
- Division of Veterinary Medicine, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, D-63225, Langen, Germany.
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Kumar S, Basu M, Ghosh P, Ansari A, Ghosh MK. COVID-19: Clinical status of vaccine development to date. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2022; 89:114-149. [PMID: 36184710 PMCID: PMC9538545 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.15552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2)-induced COVID-19 is a complicated disease. Clinicians are continuously facing difficulties to treat infected patients using the principle of repurposing of drugs as no specific drugs are available to treat COVID-19. To minimize the severity and mortality, global vaccination is the only hope as a potential preventive measure. After a year-long global research and clinical struggle, 165 vaccine candidates have been developed and some are currently still in the pipeline. A total of 28 candidate vaccines have been approved for use and the remainder are in different phases of clinical trials. In this comprehensive report, the authors aim to demonstrate, classify and provide up-to-date clinical trial status of all the vaccines discovered to date and specifically focus on the approved candidates. Finally, the authors specifically focused on the vaccination of different types of medically distinct populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunny Kumar
- Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder DivisionCouncil of Scientific and Industrial Research‐Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (CSIR‐IICB), TRUE CampusKolkataIndia
| | - Malini Basu
- Department of MicrobiologyDhruba Chand Halder CollegeIndia
| | - Pratyasha Ghosh
- Department of Economics, Bethune CollegeUniversity of CalcuttaKolkataIndia
| | - Aafreen Ansari
- Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder DivisionCouncil of Scientific and Industrial Research‐Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (CSIR‐IICB), TRUE CampusKolkataIndia
| | - Mrinal K. Ghosh
- Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder DivisionCouncil of Scientific and Industrial Research‐Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (CSIR‐IICB), TRUE CampusKolkataIndia
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7
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Sharp B, Rallabandi R, Devaux P. Advances in RNA Viral Vector Technology to Reprogram Somatic Cells: The Paramyxovirus Wave. Mol Diagn Ther 2022; 26:353-367. [PMID: 35763161 DOI: 10.1007/s40291-022-00599-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Ethical issues are a significant barrier to the use of embryonic stem cells in patients due to their origin: human embryos. To further the development of stem cells in a patient application, alternative sources of cells were sought. A process referred to as reprogramming was established to create induced pluripotent stem cells from somatic cells, resolving the ethical issues, and vectors were developed to deliver the reprogramming factors to generate induced pluripotent stem cells. Early viral vectors used integrating retroviruses and lentiviruses as delivery vehicles for the transcription factors required to initiate reprogramming. However, because of the inherent risk associated with vectors that integrate into the host genome, non-integrating approaches were explored. The development of non-integrating viral vectors offers a safer alternative, and these modern vectors are reliable, efficient, and easy to use to achieve induced pluripotent stem cells suitable for direct patient application in the growing field of individualized medicine. This review summarizes all the RNA viral vectors in the field of reprogramming with a special focus on the emerging delivery vectors based on non-integrating Paramyxoviruses, Sendai and measles viruses. We discuss their design and evolution towards being safe and efficient reprogramming vectors in generating induced pluripotent stem cells from somatic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenna Sharp
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Ramya Rallabandi
- Virology and Gene Therapy Graduate Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Regenerative Sciences Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Patricia Devaux
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA. .,Virology and Gene Therapy Graduate Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA. .,Regenerative Sciences Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
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8
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Utilization of Viral Vector Vaccines in Preparing for Future Pandemics. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10030436. [PMID: 35335068 PMCID: PMC8950656 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10030436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
As the global response to COVID-19 continues, government stakeholders and private partners must keep an eye on the future for the next emerging viral threat with pandemic potential. Many of the virus families considered to be among these threats currently cause sporadic outbreaks of unpredictable size and timing. This represents a major challenge in terms of both obtaining sufficient funding to develop vaccines, and the ability to evaluate clinical efficacy in the field. However, this also presents an opportunity in which vaccines, along with robust diagnostics and contact tracing, can be utilized to respond to outbreaks as they occur, and limit the potential for further spread of the disease in question. While mRNA-based vaccines have proven, during the COVID-19 response, to be an effective and safe solution in terms of providing a rapid response to vaccine development, virus vector-based vaccines represent a class of vaccines that can offer key advantages in certain performance characteristics with regard to viruses of pandemic potential. Here, we will discuss some of the key pros and cons of viral vector vaccines in the context of preparing for future pandemics.
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COVID-19 vaccine development based on recombinant viral and bacterial vector systems: combinatorial effect of adaptive and trained immunity. J Microbiol 2022; 60:321-334. [PMID: 35157221 PMCID: PMC8853094 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-022-1621-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 virus (SARS-CoV-2) infection, which causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has led to many cases and deaths worldwide. Therefore, a number of vaccine candidates have been developed to control the COVID-19 pandemic. Of these, to date, 21 vaccines have received emergency approval for human use in at least one country. However, the recent global emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants has compromised the efficacy of the currently available vaccines. To protect against these variants, the use of vaccines that modulate T cell-mediated immune responses or innate immune cell memory function, termed trained immunity, is needed. The major advantage of a vaccine that uses bacteria or viral systems for the delivery of COVID-19 antigens is the ability to induce both T cell-mediated and humoral immune responses. In addition, such vaccine systems can also exert off-target effects via the vector itself, mediated partly through trained immunity; compared to other vaccine platforms, suggesting that this approach can provide better protection against even vaccine escape variants. This review presents the current status of the development of COVID-19 vaccines based on recombinant viral and bacterial delivery systems. We also discuss the current status of the use of licensed live vaccines for other infections, including BCG, oral polio and MMR vaccines, to prevent COVID-19 infections.
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10
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A scalable, integrated downstream process for production of a recombinant measles virus-vectored vaccine. Vaccine 2022; 40:1323-1333. [PMID: 35094870 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Purification of very large and complex, enveloped viruses, such as measles virus is very challenging, it must be performed in a closed system because the final product cannot be sterile filtered and often loss of virus titer and poor product purity has been observed. We developed a purification process where the clarified and endonuclease treated culture supernatant is loaded on a restricted access chromatography medium where small impurities are bound and the virus is collected in the flow-through, which is then concentrated, and buffer exchanged by ultra/diafiltration. Up to 98.5% of host cell proteins could be captured by direct loading of clarified and endonuclease treated cell culture supernatant. Reproducible process performance and scalability of the chromatography step were demonstrated from small to pilot scale, including loading volumes from 50 mL up to 9 L. A 10-fold virus concentration was achieved by the ultrafiltration using a 100 kDa flat-sheet membrane. The order of individual process steps had a large impact on the virus infectivity and total process yields. The developed process maintained virus infectivity and is twice as fast as the traditional process train, where concentration is performed before loading on the chromatography column. Capturing impurities by the restricted access medium makes it a platform purification process with a high flexibility, which can be easily and quickly adapted to other vectors based on the measles virus vector platform.
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11
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A live measles-vectored COVID-19 vaccine induces strong immunity and protection from SARS-CoV-2 challenge in mice and hamsters. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6277. [PMID: 34725327 PMCID: PMC8560864 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26506-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Several COVID-19 vaccines have now been deployed to tackle the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, most of them based on messenger RNA or adenovirus vectors.The duration of protection afforded by these vaccines is unknown, as well as their capacity to protect from emerging new variants. To provide sufficient coverage for the world population, additional strategies need to be tested. The live pediatric measles vaccine (MV) is an attractive approach, given its extensive safety and efficacy history, along with its established large-scale manufacturing capacity. We develop an MV-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccine expressing the prefusion-stabilized, membrane-anchored full-length S antigen, which proves to be efficient at eliciting strong Th1-dominant T-cell responses and high neutralizing antibody titers. In both mouse and golden Syrian hamster models, these responses protect the animals from intranasal infectious challenge. Additionally, the elicited antibodies efficiently neutralize in vitro the three currently circulating variants of SARS-CoV-2.
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12
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Zhu M, Wang Y, Qu C, Liu R, Zhang C, Wang J, Zhou D, Gu W, Chen P, Wu B, Zhao Z. Recombinant Chinese Hu191 measles virus exhibits a significant antitumor activity against nephroblastoma mediated by immunogenic form of apoptosis. Am J Transl Res 2021; 13:2077-2093. [PMID: 34017376 PMCID: PMC8129391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In previous studies oncolytic measles viruses (MVs) have shown significant antitumor activity against various tumors. In our research recombinant MV-Hu191 (rMV-Hu191), established via reverse genetics technology and expressing enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP), was evaluated for its therapeutic effects and related mechanisms against nephroblastoma cell lines. We built three different constructs based on rMV-Hu191 to express EGFP effectively. Our experiments showed that rMV-Hu191 expressing EGFP could efficiently infect and replicate in nephroblastoma cell lines. Caspase-induced apoptosis exerted a significant impact on MV-induced cell death, which was accompanied by emission of cellular ATP and high-mobility group protein 1 (HMGB1) and by translocation of calreticulin (CRT). Intratumoral injection of rMV-Hu191-EGFP resulted in significant regression of tumors in a G401 xenograft model. Our results indicate that the MV-Hu191 strain, which is widely used in China, is an appropriate vector for expression of foreign genes and could serve as a potentially good candidate for nephroblastoma therapy mediated by induction of apoptosis-associated immunogenic cell death (ICD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengying Zhu
- Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yilong Wang
- Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou 310052, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Neurology, Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou 310052, Zhejiang, China
- Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child HealthHangzhou 310052, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chufan Qu
- Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Rongxian Liu
- Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chudi Zhang
- Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jinhu Wang
- Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou 310052, Zhejiang, China
- Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child HealthHangzhou 310052, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dongming Zhou
- Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou 310052, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Neurology, Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou 310052, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weizhong Gu
- Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou 310052, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Neurology, Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou 310052, Zhejiang, China
| | - Peichun Chen
- Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangming DistrictShenzhen 518000, Guangdong, China
| | - Benqing Wu
- Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangming DistrictShenzhen 518000, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhengyan Zhao
- Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou 310052, Zhejiang, China
- Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child HealthHangzhou 310052, Zhejiang, China
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13
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Bezbaruah R, Borah P, Kakoti BB, Al-Shar’I NA, Chandrasekaran B, Jaradat DMM, Al-Zeer MA, Abu-Romman S. Developmental Landscape of Potential Vaccine Candidates Based on Viral Vector for Prophylaxis of COVID-19. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:635337. [PMID: 33937326 PMCID: PMC8082173 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.635337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, SARS-CoV-2, arose at the end of 2019 as a zoonotic virus, which is the causative agent of the novel coronavirus outbreak COVID-19. Without any clear indications of abatement, the disease has become a major healthcare threat across the globe, owing to prolonged incubation period, high prevalence, and absence of existing drugs or vaccines. Development of COVID-19 vaccine is being considered as the most efficient strategy to curtail the ongoing pandemic. Following publication of genetic sequence of SARS-CoV-2, globally extensive research and development work has been in progress to develop a vaccine against the disease. The use of genetic engineering, recombinant technologies, and other computational tools has led to the expansion of several promising vaccine candidates. The range of technology platforms being evaluated, including virus-like particles, peptides, nucleic acid (DNA and RNA), recombinant proteins, inactivated virus, live attenuated viruses, and viral vectors (replicating and non-replicating) approaches, are striking features of the vaccine development strategies. Viral vectors, the next-generation vaccine platforms, provide a convenient method for delivering vaccine antigens into the host cell to induce antigenic proteins which can be tailored to arouse an assortment of immune responses, as evident from the success of smallpox vaccine and Ervebo vaccine against Ebola virus. As per the World Health Organization, till January 22, 2021, 14 viral vector vaccine candidates are under clinical development including 10 nonreplicating and four replicating types. Moreover, another 39 candidates based on viral vector platform are under preclinical evaluation. This review will outline the current developmental landscape and discuss issues that remain critical to the success or failure of viral vector vaccine candidates against COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajashri Bezbaruah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, India
| | - Pobitra Borah
- School of Pharmacy, Graphic Era Hill University, Dehradun, India
| | - Bibhuti Bhushan Kakoti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, India
| | - Nizar A. Al-Shar’I
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | | | - Da’san M. M. Jaradat
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Al-Balqa Applied University, Al-Salt, Jordan
| | - Munir A. Al-Zeer
- Department of Applied Biochemistry, Institute of Biotechnology, Technical University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Saeid Abu-Romman
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Al-Balqa Applied University, Al-Salt, Jordan
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Abstract
To this day, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has not shown signs of abating. Moreover, the virus responsible for the pandemic, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, has evolved into three different variants. This phenomenon highlights an even greater need to develop drugs and vaccines to control the rate of infection and spread of the disease. As of July 7, 2020, at least 160 vaccine candidates, 21 of which have entered the clinical trial phase, have been developed. This article describes the latest advances in development, reliable platforms, strategies used, and challenges that remain in developing COVID-19 vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riyadi Sumirtanurdin
- Pharmacist Profession Education, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
- Biotechnology Pharmacy Laboratory, Department of Biological Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Melisa Intan Barliana
- Biotechnology Pharmacy Laboratory, Department of Biological Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
- Center of Excellence in Higher Education for Pharmaceutical Care Innovation, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
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15
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Machhi J, Shahjin F, Das S, Patel M, Abdelmoaty MM, Cohen JD, Singh PA, Baldi A, Bajwa N, Kumar R, Vora LK, Patel TA, Oleynikov MD, Soni D, Yeapuri P, Mukadam I, Chakraborty R, Saksena CG, Herskovitz J, Hasan M, Oupicky D, Das S, Donnelly RF, Hettie KS, Chang L, Gendelman HE, Kevadiya BD. Nanocarrier vaccines for SARS-CoV-2. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 171:215-239. [PMID: 33428995 PMCID: PMC7794055 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 global pandemic has seen rapid spread, disease morbidities and death associated with substantive social, economic and societal impacts. Treatments rely on re-purposed antivirals and immune modulatory agents focusing on attenuating the acute respiratory distress syndrome. No curative therapies exist. Vaccines remain the best hope for disease control and the principal global effort to end the pandemic. Herein, we summarize those developments with a focus on the role played by nanocarrier delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jatin Machhi
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, NE 68198, USA
| | - Farah Shahjin
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, NE 68198, USA
| | - Srijanee Das
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, NE 68198, USA
| | - Milankumar Patel
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, NE 68198, USA
| | - Mai Mohamed Abdelmoaty
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, NE 68198, USA; Therapeutic Chemistry Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Division, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Jacob D Cohen
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, NE 68198, USA
| | - Preet Amol Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Technology, Maharaja Ranjit Singh Punjab Technical University, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Ashish Baldi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Technology, Maharaja Ranjit Singh Punjab Technical University, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Neha Bajwa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Technology, Maharaja Ranjit Singh Punjab Technical University, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Raj Kumar
- Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Lalit K Vora
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, United Kingdom
| | - Tapan A Patel
- Department of Biological Sciences, P. D. Patel Institute of Applied Sciences (PDPIAS), Charotar University of Science and Technology (CHARUSAT), Changa, Anand 388421, Gujarat, India
| | - Maxim D Oleynikov
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, NE 68198, USA
| | - Dhruvkumar Soni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, NE 68198, USA
| | - Pravin Yeapuri
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, NE 68198, USA
| | - Insiya Mukadam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, NE 68198, USA
| | - Rajashree Chakraborty
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, NE 68198, USA
| | - Caroline G Saksena
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, NE 68198, USA
| | - Jonathan Herskovitz
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, NE 68198, USA
| | - Mahmudul Hasan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, NE 68198, USA
| | - David Oupicky
- Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Suvarthi Das
- Department of Medicine, Stanford Medical School, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Ryan F Donnelly
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, United Kingdom
| | - Kenneth S Hettie
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Department of Radiology, Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Linda Chang
- Departments of Diagnostic Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, and Neurology, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Howard E Gendelman
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, NE 68198, USA; Department of Pathology and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, NE 68198, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, NE 68198, USA.
| | - Bhavesh D Kevadiya
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, NE 68198, USA
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An Overview of Nanocarrier-Based Adjuvants for Vaccine Delivery. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13040455. [PMID: 33801614 PMCID: PMC8066039 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13040455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of vaccines is one of the most significant medical accomplishments which has helped to eradicate a large number of diseases. It has undergone an evolutionary process from live attenuated pathogen vaccine to killed whole organisms or inactivated toxins (toxoids), each of them having its own advantages and disadvantages. The crucial parameters in vaccination are the generation of memory response and protection against infection, while an important aspect is the effective delivery of antigen in an intelligent manner to evoke a robust immune response. In this regard, nanotechnology is greatly contributing to developing efficient vaccine adjuvants and delivery systems. These can protect the encapsulated antigen from the host’s in-vivo environment and releasing it in a sustained manner to induce a long-lasting immunostimulatory effect. In view of this, the present review article summarizes nanoscale-based adjuvants and delivery vehicles such as viral vectors, virus-like particles and virosomes; non-viral vectors namely nanoemulsions, lipid nanocarriers, biodegradable and non-degradable nanoparticles, calcium phosphate nanoparticles, colloidally stable nanoparticles, proteosomes; and pattern recognition receptors covering c-type lectin receptors and toll-like receptors.
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17
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Iankov ID, Kurokawa C, Viker K, Robinson SI, Ammayappan A, Panagioti E, Federspiel MJ, Galanis E. Live Attenuated Measles Virus Vaccine Expressing Helicobacter pylori Heat Shock Protein A. MOLECULAR THERAPY-ONCOLYTICS 2020; 19:136-148. [PMID: 33145397 PMCID: PMC7585873 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2020.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Measles virus (MV) Edmonston derivative strains are attractive vector platforms in vaccine development and oncolytic virotherapy. Helicobacter pylori heat shock protein A (HspA) is a bacterial heat shock chaperone with essential function as a Ni-ion scavenging protein. We generated and characterized the immunogenicity of an attenuated MV strain encoding the HspA transgene (MV-HspA). MV-HspA showed faster replication within 48 h of infection with >10-fold higher titers and faster accumulation of the MV proteins. It also demonstrated a superior tumor-killing effect in vitro against a variety of human solid tumor cell lines, including sarcoma, ovarian and breast cancer. Two intraperitoneal (i.p.) doses of 106 50% tissue culture infectious dose (TCID50) MV-HspA significantly improved survival in an ovarian cancer xenograft model: 63.5 days versus 27 days for the control group. The HspA transgene induced a humoral immune response in measles-permissive Ifnarko-CD46Ge transgenic mice. Eight of nine animals developed a long-term anti-HspA antibody response with titers of 1:400 to 1:12,800 without any negative impact on development of protective anti-MV immune memory. MV-HspA triggered an immunogenic cytopathic effect as measured by an HMGB1 assay. The absence of significant elevation of PD-L1 expression indicated that vector-encoded HspA could act as an immunomodulator on the immune check point axis. These data demonstrate that MV-HspA is a potent oncolytic agent and vaccine candidate for clinical translation in cancer treatment and immunoprophylaxis against H. pylori.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ianko D Iankov
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.,Division of Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Cheyne Kurokawa
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Kimberly Viker
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Steven I Robinson
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.,Division of Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Arun Ammayappan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Eleni Panagioti
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Mark J Federspiel
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Evanthia Galanis
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.,Division of Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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Abstract
COVID-19 is an emerging infectious disease that has turned into a pandemic. It spreads through droplet transmission of the new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. It is an RNA virus displaying a spike protein as the major surface protein with significant sequence similarity to SARS-CoV which causes severe acute respiratory syndrome. The receptor binding domain of the spike protein interacts with the human angiotensin converting enzyme 2 and is considered as the antigenic determinant for stimulating an immune response. While multiple candidate vaccines are currently under different stages of development, there are no known therapeutic interventions at the moment. This review describes the key genetic features that are being considered for generating vaccine candidates by employing innovative technologies. It also highlights the global efforts being undertaken to deliver vaccines for COVID-19 through unprecedented international cooperation and future challenges post development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raju Mukherjee
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati 517 507, India,
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19
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Tricistronic Plasmid Expressing the T7 RNA Polymerase and Measles Virus N and P Proteins for Rescue of Measles Virus AIK-C Strain. ARCHIVES OF PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2020. [DOI: 10.5812/pedinfect.100928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
: Up to now, several attenuated measles virus vaccine strains derived from the Edmonston B vaccine consisting of Schwarz/Moraten, Zagreb, and AIK-C have been introduced for the rescue of their relative viruses through reverse genetics. In most studies, the measles virus rescue was done by supplying a cell line that expresses T7 RNA polymerase and measles virus N and P proteins as accessory proteins. The present study aimed to evaluate the rescue efficiency of the recombinant measles virus AIK-C vaccine strain by using a tricistronic expression plasmid. In this study, the rescue of the recombinant measles virus AIK-C vaccine strain was performed by co-transfection of three plasmids, including the cloned antigenomic cDNA of measles virus, a tricistronic expression plasmid that contained T7 RNA polymerase and measles virus N and P genes, and measles virus L polymerase expression plasmid. To increase the rescue efficiency, the transfected HEK-293 cells were co-cultured with Vero cells. As a result, the use of tricistronic expression plasmid that concomitantly encoded three necessary genes for the rescue of the measles virus led to the viral cytopathic effect with high efficacy five days post-transfection. Finally, the co-culture of transfected HEK-293 cells with Vero cells showed a relatively fast induction of viral cytopathic effect.
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20
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Mukherjee R. Global efforts on vaccines for COVID-19: Since, sooner or later, we all will catch the coronavirus. J Biosci 2020; 45:68. [PMID: 32385219 PMCID: PMC7203076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 03/29/2024]
Abstract
COVID-19 is an emerging infectious disease that has turned into a pandemic. It spreads through droplet transmission of the new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. It is an RNA virus displaying a spike protein as the major surface protein with significant sequence similarity to SARS-CoV which causes severe acute respiratory syndrome. The receptor binding domain of the spike protein interacts with the human angiotensin converting enzyme 2 and is considered as the antigenic determinant for stimulating an immune response. While multiple candidate vaccines are currently under different stages of development, there are no known therapeutic interventions at the moment. This review describes the key genetic features that are being considered for generating vaccine candidates by employing innovative technologies. It also highlights the global efforts being undertaken to deliver vaccines for COVID-19 through unprecedented international cooperation and future challenges post development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raju Mukherjee
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati 517 507, India,
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21
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Zhou D, Zhu MY, Wang YL, Hao XQ, Zhou DM, Liu RX, Zhang CD, Qu CF, Zhao ZY. Attenuated MuV-S79 as vector stably expressing foreign gene. World J Pediatr 2019; 15:511-515. [PMID: 31377975 DOI: 10.1007/s12519-019-00287-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To describe mumps virus (MuV) used as a vector to express enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) or red fluorescent protein (RFP) genes. METHODS Molecular cloning technique was applied to establish the cDNA clones of recombinant mumps viruses (rMuVs). rMuVs were recovered based on our reverse genetic system of MuV-S79. The properties of rMuVs were determined by growth curve, plaque assay, fluorescent microscopy and determination of fluorescent intensity. RESULTS Three recombinant viruses replicated well in Vero cells and similarly as parental rMuV-S79, expressed heterologous genes in high levels, and were genetically stable in at least 15 passages. CONCLUSION rMuV-S79 is a promising platform to accommodate foreign genes like marker genes, other antigens and immunomodulators for addressing various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duo Zhou
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Meng-Ying Zhu
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yi-Long Wang
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310052, China
| | - Xiao-Qiang Hao
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dong-Ming Zhou
- Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310052, China
| | - Rong-Xian Liu
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chu-Di Zhang
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chu-Fan Qu
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zheng-Yan Zhao
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310052, China.
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22
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Generation of recombinant measles virus containing the wild-type P gene to improve its oncolytic efficiency. Microb Pathog 2019; 135:103631. [PMID: 31381964 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2019.103631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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23
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Pliquet E, Ruffie C, Escande M, Thalmensi J, Najburg V, Combredet C, Bestetti T, Julithe M, Liard C, Huet T, Wain-Hobson S, Tangy F, Langlade-Demoyen P. Strong antigen-specific T-cell immunity induced by a recombinant human TERT measles virus vaccine and amplified by a DNA/viral vector prime boost in IFNAR/CD46 mice. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2019; 68:533-544. [PMID: 30656384 PMCID: PMC11028090 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-018-2272-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy is seeing an increasing focus on vaccination with tumor-associated antigens (TAAs). Human telomerase (hTERT) is a TAA expressed by most tumors to overcome telomere shortening. Tolerance to hTERT can be easily broken both naturally and experimentally and hTERT DNA vaccine candidates have been introduced in clinical trials. DNA prime/boost strategies have been widely developed to immunize efficiently against infectious diseases. We explored the use of a recombinant measles virus (MV) hTERT vector to boost DNA priming as recombinant live attenuated measles virus has an impressive safety and efficacy record. Here, we show that a MV-TERT vector can rapidly and strongly boost DNA hTERT priming in MV susceptible IFNAR/CD46 mouse models. The cellular immune responses were Th1 polarized. No humoral responses were elicited. The 4 kb hTERT transgene did not impact MV replication or induction of cell-mediated responses. These findings validate the MV-TERT vector to boost cell-mediated responses following DNA priming in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elodie Pliquet
- Invectys, Pépinière Paris Santé Cochin, 27, rue du Faubourg Saint Jacques, 75014, Paris, France.
- Molecular Retrovirology Unit, Institut Pasteur, CNRS-URA 3015, Paris, France.
| | - Claude Ruffie
- Viral Genomics and Vaccination Unit, Institut Pasteur, CNRS-UMR 3965, Paris, France
| | - Marie Escande
- Invectys, Pépinière Paris Santé Cochin, 27, rue du Faubourg Saint Jacques, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Jessie Thalmensi
- Invectys, Pépinière Paris Santé Cochin, 27, rue du Faubourg Saint Jacques, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Valérie Najburg
- Viral Genomics and Vaccination Unit, Institut Pasteur, CNRS-UMR 3965, Paris, France
| | - Chantal Combredet
- Viral Genomics and Vaccination Unit, Institut Pasteur, CNRS-UMR 3965, Paris, France
| | - Thomas Bestetti
- Invectys, Pépinière Paris Santé Cochin, 27, rue du Faubourg Saint Jacques, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Marion Julithe
- Invectys, Pépinière Paris Santé Cochin, 27, rue du Faubourg Saint Jacques, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Christelle Liard
- Invectys, Pépinière Paris Santé Cochin, 27, rue du Faubourg Saint Jacques, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Thierry Huet
- Invectys, Pépinière Paris Santé Cochin, 27, rue du Faubourg Saint Jacques, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Simon Wain-Hobson
- Invectys, Pépinière Paris Santé Cochin, 27, rue du Faubourg Saint Jacques, 75014, Paris, France
- Molecular Retrovirology Unit, Institut Pasteur, CNRS-URA 3015, Paris, France
| | - Frédéric Tangy
- Viral Genomics and Vaccination Unit, Institut Pasteur, CNRS-UMR 3965, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Langlade-Demoyen
- Invectys, Pépinière Paris Santé Cochin, 27, rue du Faubourg Saint Jacques, 75014, Paris, France
- Molecular Retrovirology Unit, Institut Pasteur, CNRS-URA 3015, Paris, France
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24
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Gerke C, Frantz PN, Ramsauer K, Tangy F. Measles-vectored vaccine approaches against viral infections: a focus on Chikungunya. Expert Rev Vaccines 2019; 18:393-403. [PMID: 30601074 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2019.1562908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The large global burden of viral infections and especially the rapidly spreading vector-borne diseases and other emerging viral diseases show the need for new approaches in vaccine development. Several new vaccine technology platforms have been developed and are under evaluation. Areas covered: This article discusses the measles vector platform technology derived from the safe and highly efficacious measles virus vaccine. The pipeline of measles-vectored vaccine candidates against viral diseases is reviewed. Particular focus is given to the Chikungunya vaccine candidate as the first measles-vectored vaccine that demonstrated safety, immunogenicity, and functionality of the technology in humans even in the presence of pre-existing anti-measles immunity and thus achieved proof of concept for the technology. Expert commentary: Demonstrating no impact of pre-existing anti-measles immunity in humans on the response to the transgene was fundamental for the technology and indicates that the technology is suitable for large-scale immunization in measles pre-immune populations. The proof of concept in humans combined with a large preclinical track record of safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy for a variety of pathogens suggest the measles vector platform as promising plug-and-play vaccine platform technology for rapid development of effective preventive vaccines against viral and other infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Phanramphoei N Frantz
- b Viral Genomics and Vaccination Unit, UMR-3569 CNRS, Department of Virology , Institut Pasteur , Paris , France.,c Virology and Cell Technology Laboratory, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC) , National Science and Technology Development Agency , Pathumthani , Thailand
| | | | - Frédéric Tangy
- b Viral Genomics and Vaccination Unit, UMR-3569 CNRS, Department of Virology , Institut Pasteur , Paris , France
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25
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Schindewolf C, Menachery VD. Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Vaccine Candidates: Cautious Optimism. Viruses 2019; 11:E74. [PMID: 30658390 PMCID: PMC6356267 DOI: 10.3390/v11010074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Efforts towards developing a vaccine for Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) have yielded promising results. Utilizing a variety of platforms, several vaccine approaches have shown efficacy in animal models and begun to enter clinical trials. In this review, we summarize the current progress towards a MERS-CoV vaccine and highlight potential roadblocks identified from previous attempts to generate coronavirus vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig Schindewolf
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, 77555 TX, USA.
| | - Vineet D Menachery
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, 77555 TX, USA.
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26
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Dadar M, Chakraborty S, Dhama K, Prasad M, Khandia R, Hassan S, Munjal A, Tiwari R, Karthik K, Kumar D, Iqbal HMN, Chaicumpa W. Advances in Designing and Developing Vaccines, Drugs and Therapeutic Approaches to Counter Human Papilloma Virus. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2478. [PMID: 30483247 PMCID: PMC6240620 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a viral infection with skin-to-skin based transmission mode. HPV annually caused over 500,000 cancer cases including cervical, anogenital and oropharyngeal cancer among others. HPV vaccination has become a public-health concern, worldwide, to prevent the cases of HPV infections including precancerous lesions, cervical cancers, and genital warts especially in adolescent female and male population by launching national programs with international alliances. Currently, available prophylactic and therapeutic vaccines are expensive to be used in developing countries for vaccination programs. The recent progress in immunotherapy, biotechnology, recombinant DNA technology and molecular biology along with alternative and complementary medicinal systems have paved novel ways and valuable opportunities to design and develop effective prophylactic and therapeutic vaccines, drugs and treatment approach to counter HPV effectively. Exploration and more researches on such advances could result in the gradual reduction in the incidences of HPV cases across the world. The present review presents a current global scenario and futuristic prospects of the advanced prophylactic and therapeutic approaches against HPV along with recent patents coverage of the progress and advances in drugs, vaccines and therapeutic regimens to effectively combat HPV infections and its cancerous conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Dadar
- Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Karaj, Iran
| | - Sandip Chakraborty
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, West Tripura, India
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Minakshi Prasad
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, LLR University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, India
| | - Rekha Khandia
- Department of Genetics, Barkatullah University, Bhopal, India
| | - Sameer Hassan
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Indian Council of Medical Research, Chennai, India
| | - Ashok Munjal
- Department of Genetics, Barkatullah University, Bhopal, India
| | - Ruchi Tiwari
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Sciences, U P Pt. Deen Dayal Upadhayay Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalay Evum Go-Anusandhan Sansthan, Mathura, India
| | - Kumaragurubaran Karthik
- Central University Laboratory, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai, India
| | - Deepak Kumar
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Hafiz M. N. Iqbal
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Wanpen Chaicumpa
- Department of Parasitology, Center of Research Excellence on Therapeutic Proteins and Antibody Engineering, Faculty of Medicine SIriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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27
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Rauch S, Jasny E, Schmidt KE, Petsch B. New Vaccine Technologies to Combat Outbreak Situations. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1963. [PMID: 30283434 PMCID: PMC6156540 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 354] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ever since the development of the first vaccine more than 200 years ago, vaccinations have greatly decreased the burden of infectious diseases worldwide, famously leading to the eradication of small pox and allowing the restriction of diseases such as polio, tetanus, diphtheria, and measles. A multitude of research efforts focuses on the improvement of established and the discovery of new vaccines such as the HPV (human papilloma virus) vaccine in 2006. However, radical changes in the density, age distribution and traveling habits of the population worldwide as well as the changing climate favor the emergence of old and new pathogens that bear the risk of becoming pandemic threats. In recent years, the rapid spread of severe infections such as HIV, SARS, Ebola, and Zika have highlighted the dire need for global preparedness for pandemics, which necessitates the extremely rapid development and comprehensive distribution of vaccines against potentially previously unknown pathogens. What is more, the emergence of antibiotic resistant bacteria calls for new approaches to prevent infections. Given these changes, established methods for the identification of new vaccine candidates are no longer sufficient to ensure global protection. Hence, new vaccine technologies able to achieve rapid development as well as large scale production are of pivotal importance. This review will discuss viral vector and nucleic acid-based vaccines (DNA and mRNA vaccines) as new approaches that might be able to tackle these challenges to global health.
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Humphreys IR, Sebastian S. Novel viral vectors in infectious diseases. Immunology 2018; 153:1-9. [PMID: 28869761 PMCID: PMC5721250 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the development of vaccinia virus as a vaccine vector in 1984, the utility of numerous viruses in vaccination strategies has been explored. In recent years, key improvements to existing vectors such as those based on adenovirus have led to significant improvements in immunogenicity and efficacy. Furthermore, exciting new vectors that exploit viruses such as cytomegalovirus (CMV) and vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) have emerged. Herein, we summarize these recent developments in viral vector technologies, focusing on novel vectors based on CMV, VSV, measles and modified adenovirus. We discuss the potential utility of these exciting approaches in eliciting protection against infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian R. Humphreys
- Institute of Infection and Immunity/Systems Immunity University Research InstituteCardiff UniversityCardiffUK
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger InstituteHinxtonUK
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29
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Abstract
The classic development of vaccines is lengthy, tedious, and may not necessarily be successful as demonstrated by the case of HIV. This is especially a problem for emerging pathogens that are newly introduced into the human population and carry the inherent risk of pandemic spread in a naïve population. For such situations, a considerable number of different platform technologies are under development. These are also under development for pathogens, where directly derived vaccines are regarded as too complicated or even dangerous due to the induction of inefficient or unwanted immune responses causing considerable side-effects as for dengue virus. Among platform technologies are plasmid-based DNA vaccines, RNA replicons, single-round infectious vector particles, or replicating vaccine-based vectors encoding (a) critical antigen(s) of the target pathogens. Among the latter, recombinant measles viruses derived from vaccine strains have been tested. Measles vaccines are among the most effective and safest life-attenuated vaccines known. Therefore, the development of Schwarz-, Moraten-, or AIK-C-strain derived recombinant vaccines against a wide range of mostly viral, but also bacterial pathogens was quite straightforward. These vaccines generally induce powerful humoral and cellular immune responses in appropriate animal models, i.e., transgenic mice or non-human primates. Also in the recent first clinical phase I trial, the results have been quite encouraging. The trial indicated the expected safety and efficacy also in human patients, interestingly independent from the level of prevalent anti-measles immunity before the trial. Thereby, recombinant measles vaccines expressing additional antigens are a promising platform for future vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Mühlebach
- Product Testing of IVMPs, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Paul-Ehrlich-Strasse 51-59, 63225, Langen, Germany.
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Sviben D, Forcic D, Ivancic-Jelecki J, Halassy B, Brgles M. Recovery of infective virus particles in ion-exchange and hydrophobic interaction monolith chromatography is influenced by particle charge and total-to-infective particle ratio. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2017; 1054:10-19. [PMID: 28415019 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2017.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Viral particles are used in medical applications as vaccines or gene therapy vectors. In order to obtain product of high purity, potency and safety for medical use purification of virus particles is a prerequisite, and chromatography is gaining increased attention to meet this aim. Here, we report on the use of ion-exchange and hydrophobic interaction chromatography on monolithic columns for purification of mumps virus (MuV) and measles virus (MeV). Efficiency of the process was monitored by quantification of infective virus particles (by 50% cell culture infective dose assay) and total virus particles, and monitoring of their size (by Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis). Ion-exchange chromatography was shown to be inefficient for MuV and best results for MeV were obtained on QA column with recovery around 17%. Purification of MuV and MeV by hydrophobic interaction chromatography resulted in recoveries around 60%. Results showed that columns with small channels (d=1.4μm) are not suitable for MuV and MeV, although their size is below 400nm, whereas columns with large channels (6μm) showed to be efficient and recoveries independent on the flow rate up to 10mL/min. Heterogeneity of the virus suspension and its interday variability mostly regarding total-to-infective particle ratio was observed. Interestingly, a trend in recovery depending on the day of the harvest was also observed for both viruses, and it correlated with the total-to-infective particle ratio, indicating influence of the virus sample composition on the chromatography results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dora Sviben
- University of Zagreb, Centre for Research and Knowledge Transfer in Biotechnology, Rockefellerova 10, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia; Centre of Excellence for Viral Immunology and Vaccines, CERVirVac, Croatia
| | - Dubravko Forcic
- University of Zagreb, Centre for Research and Knowledge Transfer in Biotechnology, Rockefellerova 10, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia; Centre of Excellence for Viral Immunology and Vaccines, CERVirVac, Croatia
| | - Jelena Ivancic-Jelecki
- University of Zagreb, Centre for Research and Knowledge Transfer in Biotechnology, Rockefellerova 10, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia; Centre of Excellence for Viral Immunology and Vaccines, CERVirVac, Croatia
| | - Beata Halassy
- University of Zagreb, Centre for Research and Knowledge Transfer in Biotechnology, Rockefellerova 10, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia; Centre of Excellence for Viral Immunology and Vaccines, CERVirVac, Croatia
| | - Marija Brgles
- University of Zagreb, Centre for Research and Knowledge Transfer in Biotechnology, Rockefellerova 10, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia; Centre of Excellence for Viral Immunology and Vaccines, CERVirVac, Croatia.
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Abstract
This chapter describes the development of recombinant measles virus (MV)-based vaccines starting from plasmid DNA. Live-attenuated measles vaccines are very efficient and safe. Since the availability of a reverse genetic system to manipulate MV genomes and to generate respective recombinant viruses, a considerable number of recombinant viruses has been generated that present antigens of foreign pathogens during MV replication. Thereby, robust humoral and cellular immune responses can be induced, which have shown protective capacity in a substantial number of experiments.For this purpose, the foreign antigen-encoding genes are cloned into additional transcription units of plasmid based full-length MV vaccine strain genomes, which in turn are used to rescue recombinant MV by providing both full-length viral RNA genomes respective anti-genomes together with all protein components of the viral ribonucleoprotein complex after transient transfection of the so-called rescue cells. Infectious centers form among these transfected cells, which allow clonal isolation of single recombinant viruses that are subsequently amplified, characterized in vitro, and then evaluated for their immunogenicity in appropriate preclinical animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maureen C. Ferran
- Rochester Institute of Technology, Thomas H. Gosnell School of Life Sciences, Rochester, New York USA
| | - Gary R. Skuse
- Rochester Institute of Technology, Thomas H. Gosnell School of Life Sciences, Rochester, New York USA
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Lauer KB, Borrow R, Blanchard TJ. Multivalent and Multipathogen Viral Vector Vaccines. CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY : CVI 2017; 24:e00298-16. [PMID: 27535837 PMCID: PMC5216423 DOI: 10.1128/cvi.00298-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The presentation and delivery of antigens are crucial for inducing immunity and, desirably, lifelong protection. Recombinant viral vectors-proven safe and successful in veterinary vaccine applications-are ideal shuttles to deliver foreign proteins to induce an immune response with protective antibody levels by mimicking natural infection. Some examples of viral vectors are adenoviruses, measles virus, or poxviruses. The required attributes to qualify as a vaccine vector are as follows: stable insertion of coding sequences into the genome, induction of a protective immune response, a proven safety record, and the potential for large-scale production. The need to develop new vaccines for infectious diseases, increase vaccine accessibility, reduce health costs, and simplify overloaded immunization schedules has driven the idea to combine antigens from the same or various pathogens. To protect effectively, some vaccines require multiple antigens of one pathogen or different pathogen serotypes/serogroups in combination (multivalent or polyvalent vaccines). Future multivalent vaccine candidates are likely to be required for complex diseases like malaria and HIV. Other novel strategies propose an antigen combination of different pathogens to protect against several diseases at once (multidisease or multipathogen vaccines).
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina B Lauer
- University of Manchester, Institute of Inflammation and Repair, Manchester, United Kingdom
- University of Cambridge, Department of Pathology, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ray Borrow
- University of Manchester, Institute of Inflammation and Repair, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Vaccine Evaluation Unit, Public Health England, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas J Blanchard
- University of Manchester, Institute of Inflammation and Repair, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Consultant in Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Royal Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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Morbillivirus Experimental Animal Models: Measles Virus Pathogenesis Insights from Canine Distemper Virus. Viruses 2016; 8:v8100274. [PMID: 27727184 PMCID: PMC5086610 DOI: 10.3390/v8100274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Revised: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Morbilliviruses share considerable structural and functional similarities. Even though disease severity varies among the respective host species, the underlying pathogenesis and the clinical signs are comparable. Thus, insights gained with one morbillivirus often apply to the other members of the genus. Since the Canine distemper virus (CDV) causes severe and often lethal disease in dogs and ferrets, it is an attractive model to characterize morbillivirus pathogenesis mechanisms and to evaluate the efficacy of new prophylactic and therapeutic approaches. This review compares the cellular tropism, pathogenesis, mechanisms of persistence and immunosuppression of the Measles virus (MeV) and CDV. It then summarizes the contributions made by studies on the CDV in dogs and ferrets to our understanding of MeV pathogenesis and to vaccine and drugs development.
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Hu HM, Chen HW, Hsiao YJ, Wu SH, Chung HH, Hsieh CH, Chong P, Leng CH, Pan CH. The successful induction of T-cell and antibody responses by a recombinant measles virus-vectored tetravalent dengue vaccine provides partial protection against dengue-2 infection. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2016; 12:1678-89. [PMID: 26901482 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2016.1143576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue has a major impact on global public health, and the use of dengue vaccine is very limited. In this study, we evaluated the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of a dengue vaccine made from a recombinant measles virus (MV) that expresses envelope protein domain III (ED3) of dengue-1 to 4. Following immunization with the MV-vectored dengue vaccine, mice developed specific interferon-gamma and antibody responses against dengue virus and MV. Neutralizing antibodies against MV and dengue viruses were also induced, and protective levels of FRNT50 ≥ 10 to 4 serotypes of dengue viruses were detected in the MV-vectored dengue vaccine-immunized mice. In addition, specific interferon-gamma and antibody responses to dengue viruses were still induced by the MV-vectored dengue vaccine in mice that were pre-infected with MV. This finding suggests that the pre-existing immunity to MV did not block the initiation of immune responses. By contrast, mice that were pre-infected with dengue-3 exhibited no effect in terms of their antibody responses to MV and dengue viruses, but a dominant dengue-3-specific T-cell response was observed. After injection with dengue-2, a detectable but significantly lower viremia and a higher titer of anti-dengue-2 neutralizing antibodies were observed in MV-vectored dengue vaccine-immunized mice versus the vector control, suggesting that an anamnestic antibody response that provided partial protection against dengue-2 was elicited. Our results with regard to T-cell responses and the effect of pre-immunity to MV or dengue viruses provide clues for the future applications of an MV-vectored dengue vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Mei Hu
- a National Institute of Infectious Disease and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes , Zhunan Town , Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Wei Chen
- a National Institute of Infectious Disease and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes , Zhunan Town , Taiwan.,b Graduate Institute of Immunology, China Medical University , Taichung , Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ju Hsiao
- a National Institute of Infectious Disease and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes , Zhunan Town , Taiwan
| | - Szu-Hsien Wu
- a National Institute of Infectious Disease and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes , Zhunan Town , Taiwan
| | - Han-Hsuan Chung
- a National Institute of Infectious Disease and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes , Zhunan Town , Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hsiang Hsieh
- a National Institute of Infectious Disease and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes , Zhunan Town , Taiwan
| | - Pele Chong
- a National Institute of Infectious Disease and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes , Zhunan Town , Taiwan.,b Graduate Institute of Immunology, China Medical University , Taichung , Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsiang Leng
- a National Institute of Infectious Disease and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes , Zhunan Town , Taiwan.,b Graduate Institute of Immunology, China Medical University , Taichung , Taiwan
| | - Chien-Hsiung Pan
- a National Institute of Infectious Disease and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes , Zhunan Town , Taiwan.,b Graduate Institute of Immunology, China Medical University , Taichung , Taiwan
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35
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Baldo A, Galanis E, Tangy F, Herman P. Biosafety considerations for attenuated measles virus vectors used in virotherapy and vaccination. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2015; 12:1102-16. [PMID: 26631840 PMCID: PMC4963060 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2015.1122146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Attenuated measles virus (MV) is one of the most effective and safe vaccines available, making it attractive candidate vector to prevent infectious diseases. Attenuated MV have acquired the ability to use the complement regulator CD46 as a major receptor to mediate virus entry and intercellular fusion. Therefore, attenuated MV strains preferentially infect and destroy a wide variety of cancer cells making them also attractive oncolytic vectors. The use of recombinant MV vector has to comply with various regulatory requirements, particularly relating to the assessment of potential risks for human health and the environment. The present article highlights the main characteristics of MV and recombinant MV vectors used for vaccination and virotherapy and discusses these features from a biosafety point of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Baldo
- a Scientific Institute of Public Health (WIV-ISP), Biosafety and Biotechnology Unit , Brussels , Belgium
| | - Evanthia Galanis
- b Division of Medical Oncology , Mayo Clinic , Rochester , MN , USA
| | - Frédéric Tangy
- c Institut Pasteur, Viral Genomics and Vaccination Unit, CNRS UMR 3569 , Paris , France
| | - Philippe Herman
- a Scientific Institute of Public Health (WIV-ISP), Biosafety and Biotechnology Unit , Brussels , Belgium
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36
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Nakayama T, Sawada A, Yamaji Y, Ito T. Recombinant measles AIK-C vaccine strain expressing heterologous virus antigens. Vaccine 2015; 34:292-295. [PMID: 26562316 PMCID: PMC7115616 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.10.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Revised: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Further attenuated measles vaccines were developed more than 50 years ago and have been used throughout the world. Recombinant measles vaccine candidates have been developed and express several heterologous virus protective antigens. Immunogenicity and protective actions were confirmed using experimental animals: transgenic mice, cotton rats, and primates. The recent development of measles vaccine-based vectored vaccine candidates has been reviewed and some information on recombinant measles vaccines expressing respiratory syncytial virus proteins has been shown and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuo Nakayama
- Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences, Laboratory of Viral Infection I, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan.
| | - Akihito Sawada
- Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences, Laboratory of Viral Infection I, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Yamaji
- Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences, Laboratory of Viral Infection I, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Takashi Ito
- Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences, Laboratory of Viral Infection I, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
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37
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Chung HK, Jacobs CL, Huo Y, Yang J, Krumm SA, Plemper RK, Tsien RY, Lin MZ. Tunable and reversible drug control of protein production via a self-excising degron. Nat Chem Biol 2015. [PMID: 26214256 PMCID: PMC4543534 DOI: 10.1038/nchembio.1869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
An effective method for direct chemical control over the production of specific proteins would be widely useful. We describe Small Molecule-Assisted Shutoff (SMASh), a technique in which proteins are fused to a degron that removes itself in the absence of drug, leaving untagged protein. Clinically tested HCV protease inhibitors can then block degron removal, inducing rapid degradation of subsequently synthesized protein copies. SMASh allows reversible and dose-dependent shutoff of various proteins in multiple mammalian cell types and in yeast. We also used SMASh to confer drug responsiveness onto a RNA virus for which no licensed inhibitors exist. As SMASh does not require permanent fusion of a large domain, it should be useful when control over protein production with minimal structural modification is desired. Furthermore, as SMASh only involves a single genetic modification and does not rely on modulating protein-protein interactions, it should be easy to generalize to multiple biological contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hokyung K Chung
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Conor L Jacobs
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Yunwen Huo
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Jin Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Stefanie A Krumm
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Richard K Plemper
- 1] Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA. [2] Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Roger Y Tsien
- 1] Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA. [2] Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA. [3] Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Michael Z Lin
- 1] Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA. [2] Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
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Coleman JW, Wright KJ, Wallace OL, Sharma P, Arendt H, Martinez J, DeStefano J, Zamb TP, Zhang X, Parks CL. Development of a duplex real-time RT-qPCR assay to monitor genome replication, gene expression and gene insert stability during in vivo replication of a prototype live attenuated canine distemper virus vector encoding SIV gag. J Virol Methods 2014; 213:26-37. [PMID: 25486083 PMCID: PMC7111484 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2014.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Revised: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The duplex assay monitored replication, tissue distribution, and mRNA expression. The duplex assay monitored insert genetic stability during in vivo replication. Primary site of CDV replication in ferrets was abdominal cavity lymphoid tissue. CDV gRNA or mRNA was undetectable in brain tissue. Specific primers were used in the RT step to distinguish gRNA from mRNA.
Advancement of new vaccines based on live viral vectors requires sensitive assays to analyze in vivo replication, gene expression and genetic stability. In this study, attenuated canine distemper virus (CDV) was used as a vaccine delivery vector and duplex 2-step quantitative real-time RT-PCR (RT-qPCR) assays specific for genomic RNA (gRNA) or mRNA have been developed that concurrently quantify coding sequences for the CDV nucleocapsid protein (N) and a foreign vaccine antigen (SIV Gag). These amplicons, which had detection limits of about 10 copies per PCR reaction, were used to show that abdominal cavity lymphoid tissues were a primary site of CDV vector replication in infected ferrets, and importantly, CDV gRNA or mRNA was undetectable in brain tissue. In addition, the gRNA duplex assay was adapted for monitoring foreign gene insert genetic stability during in vivo replication by analyzing the ratio of CDV N and SIV gag genomic RNA copies over the course of vector infection. This measurement was found to be a sensitive probe for assessing the in vivo genetic stability of the foreign gene insert.
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Affiliation(s)
- John W Coleman
- The International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, The AIDS Vaccine Design & Development Laboratory, Brooklyn, NY 11220, United States.
| | - Kevin J Wright
- The International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, The AIDS Vaccine Design & Development Laboratory, Brooklyn, NY 11220, United States
| | - Olivia L Wallace
- The International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, The AIDS Vaccine Design & Development Laboratory, Brooklyn, NY 11220, United States
| | - Palka Sharma
- The International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, The AIDS Vaccine Design & Development Laboratory, Brooklyn, NY 11220, United States
| | - Heather Arendt
- The International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, The AIDS Vaccine Design & Development Laboratory, Brooklyn, NY 11220, United States
| | - Jennifer Martinez
- The International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, The AIDS Vaccine Design & Development Laboratory, Brooklyn, NY 11220, United States
| | - Joanne DeStefano
- The International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, The AIDS Vaccine Design & Development Laboratory, Brooklyn, NY 11220, United States
| | - Timothy P Zamb
- The International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, The AIDS Vaccine Design & Development Laboratory, Brooklyn, NY 11220, United States
| | - Xinsheng Zhang
- The International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, The AIDS Vaccine Design & Development Laboratory, Brooklyn, NY 11220, United States; Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, School of Graduate Studies, The State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY 11203, United States
| | - Christopher L Parks
- The International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, The AIDS Vaccine Design & Development Laboratory, Brooklyn, NY 11220, United States; Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, School of Graduate Studies, The State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY 11203, United States
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Abstract
The advent of reverse genetic approaches to manipulate the genomes of both positive (+) and negative (-) sense RNA viruses allowed researchers to harness these genomes for basic research. Manipulation of positive sense RNA virus genomes occurred first largely because infectious RNA could be transcribed directly from cDNA versions of the RNA genomes. Manipulation of negative strand RNA virus genomes rapidly followed as more sophisticated approaches to provide RNA-dependent RNA polymerase complexes coupled with negative-strand RNA templates were developed. These advances have driven an explosion of RNA virus vaccine vector development. That is, development of approaches to exploit the basic replication and expression strategies of RNA viruses to produce vaccine antigens that have been engineered into their genomes. This study has led to significant preclinical testing of many RNA virus vectors against a wide range of pathogens as well as cancer targets. Multiple RNA virus vectors have advanced through preclinical testing to human clinical evaluation. This review will focus on RNA virus vectors designed to express heterologous genes that are packaged into viral particles and have progressed to clinical testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Mogler
- Harrisvaccines, Inc., 1102 Southern Hills Drive, Suite 101, Ames, IA 50010, USA
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40
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Abstract
Measles was an inevitable infection during the human development with substantial degree of morbidity and mortality. The severity of measles virus (MV) infection was largely contained by the development of a live attenuated vaccine that was introduced into the vaccination programs. However, all efforts to eradicate the disease failed and continued to annually result in significant deaths. The development of molecular biology techniques allowed the rescue of MV from cDNA that enabled important insights into a variety of aspects of the biology of the virus and its pathogenesis. Subsequently these technologies facilitated the development of novel vaccine candidates that induce immunity against measles and other pathogens. Based on the promising prospective, the use of MV as a recombinant vaccine and a therapeutic vector is addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussein Y Naim
- a Life Sciences and Vaccines Consultant; Bern, Switzerland
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41
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Marty RR, Knuchel MC, Morin TNA, Naim HY. An immune competent mouse model for the characterization of recombinant measles vaccines. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2014; 11:83-90. [PMID: 25483519 DOI: 10.4161/hv.34358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Today, immune compromised interferon-α-receptor deficient mice expressing hCD46 (IFNARCD46tg) are usually used for measles virus (MV) based vaccine characterization. However, for the development of MV-based recombinant vaccine candidates (rMV), an immune competent mouse model is desirable in order to induce and evaluate meaningful immune response. In this study, humoral and cellular immune response induced by rMV in immune competent mice expressing human MV receptor CD46 (hCD46tg) were compared with those induced in wild-type black/6, and IFNARCD46tg mice. All three strains developed humoral and cellular response against MV, whereas only hCD46tg and IFNARCD46tg mice developed a humoral response against the transgene. Differences were observed in the magnitude of the response, where the IFNARCD46tg mice displayed the strongest immune responses, followed by the hCD46tg mice and the black/6 mice. Interestingly, hCD46tg and wt black/6 mice showed a predominant CD4(+) T-cell response against MV-N, whereas IFNARCD46tg mice developed both, CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-cell response against MV-N. Analysis of the cytokine profile of MV-N specific CD4(+) T-cells and transgene (SIVgag) specific CD8(+) T-cells revealed qualitative differences of the T-cell responses; noticeably a significant reduction of the frequency of CD4(+)IL-2(+) expressing cells in IFNARCD46tg mice as compared with hCD46tg or wt black/6 mice. We show in this study significant quantitative and qualitative differences in immune responses between immune competent and immune-compromised mice. Our results therefore highlight the importance of the animal model and support the use of hCD46tg mice as mouse model for the characterization of the immunological profile induced by recombinant measles virus vaccine candidates.
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42
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Buczkowski H, Muniraju M, Parida S, Banyard AC. Morbillivirus vaccines: recent successes and future hopes. Vaccine 2014; 32:3155-61. [PMID: 24703852 PMCID: PMC7115685 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.03.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Revised: 03/05/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Morbilliviruses cause severe disease in both human and animal populations. Morbilliviruses are recognised targets for eradication. Live attenuated vaccines are available for some morbilliviruses. DIVA vaccines may be important for future morbillivirus eradication attempts.
The impact of morbilliviruses on both human and animal populations is well documented in the history of mankind. Indeed, prior to the development of vaccines for these diseases, morbilliviruses plagued both humans and their livestock that were heavily relied upon for food and motor power within communities. Measles virus (MeV) was responsible for the death of millions of people annually across the world and those fortunate enough to escape the disease often faced starvation where their livestock had died following infection with rinderpest virus (RPV) or peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV). Canine distemper virus has affected dog populations for centuries and in the past few decades appears to have jumped species, now causing disease in a number of non-canid species, some of which are been pushed to the brink of extinction by the virus. During the age of vaccination, the introduction and successful application of vaccines against rinderpest and measles has led to the eradication of the former and the greater control of the latter. Vaccines against PPR and canine distemper have also been generated; however, the diseases still pose a threat to susceptible species. Here we review the currently available vaccines against these four morbilliviruses and discuss the prospects for the development of new generation vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hubert Buczkowski
- Animal Health and Veterinary Laboratories Agency, Woodham Lane, Weybridge, Surrey, KT15 3NB, United Kingdom
| | - Murali Muniraju
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Surrey, GU24 0NF, United Kingdom
| | - Satya Parida
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Surrey, GU24 0NF, United Kingdom
| | - Ashley C Banyard
- Animal Health and Veterinary Laboratories Agency, Woodham Lane, Weybridge, Surrey, KT15 3NB, United Kingdom.
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Iankov ID, Federspiel MJ, Galanis E. Measles virus expressed Helicobacter pylori neutrophil-activating protein significantly enhances the immunogenicity of poor immunogens. Vaccine 2013; 31:4795-801. [PMID: 23948230 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2013.07.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2013] [Revised: 07/04/2013] [Accepted: 07/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori neutrophil-activating protein (NAP) is a toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) agonist and potent immunomodulator inducing Th1-type immune response. Here we present data about characterization of the humoral immune response against NAP-tagged antigens, encoded by attenuated measles virus (MV) vector platform, in MV infection susceptible type I interferon receptor knockout and human CD46 transgenic (Ifnarko-CD46Ge) mice. Immunogenicity of MV expressing a full-length human immunoglobulin lambda light chain (MV-lambda) was compared to that of MV expressing lambda-NAP chimeric protein (MV-lambda-NAP). MV-lambda-NAP immunized Ifnarko-CD46Ge mice developed significantly higher (6-20-fold) anti-lambda ELISA titers as compared to the MV-lambda-immunized control animal group, indicating that covalently-linked NAP co-expression significantly enhanced lambda immunogenicity. In contrast, ELISA titers against MV antigens were not significantly different between the animals vaccinated with MV-lambda or MV-lambda-NAP. NAP-tagged antigen expression did not affect development of protective anti-measles immunity. Both MV-lambda and MV-lambda-NAP-immunized groups showed strong virus neutralization serum titers in plaque reduction microneutralization test. These results demonstrated that MV-encoded lambda-NAP is highly immunogenic as compared to the unmodified full-length lambda chain. Boost of immune response to poor immunogens using live vectors expressing NAP-tagged chimeric antigens is an attractive approach with potential application in immunoprophylaxis of infectious diseases and cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ianko D Iankov
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
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Brandler S, Ruffié C, Combredet C, Brault JB, Najburg V, Prevost MC, Habel A, Tauber E, Desprès P, Tangy F. A recombinant measles vaccine expressing chikungunya virus-like particles is strongly immunogenic and protects mice from lethal challenge with chikungunya virus. Vaccine 2013; 31:3718-25. [PMID: 23742993 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2013.05.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2013] [Revised: 05/16/2013] [Accepted: 05/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), a mosquito-transmitted alphavirus, recently reemerged in the Indian Ocean, India and Southeast Asia, causing millions of cases of severe polyarthralgia. No specific treatment to prevent disease or vaccine to limit epidemics is currently available. Here we describe a recombinant live-attenuated measles vaccine (MV) expressing CHIKV virus-like particles comprising capsid and envelope structural proteins from the recent CHIKV strain La Reunion. Immunization of mice susceptible to measles virus induced high titers of CHIKV antibodies that neutralized several primary isolates. Specific cellular immune responses were also elicited. A single immunization with this vaccine candidate protected all mice from a lethal CHIKV challenge, and passive transfer of immune sera conferred protection to naïve mice. Measles vaccine is one of the safest and most effective human vaccines. A recombinant MV-CHIKV virus could make a safe and effective vaccine against chikungunya that deserves to be further tested in human trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Brandler
- Unité de Génomique Virale et Vaccination, Institut Pasteur, CNRS URA 3015, 28 rue du Dr. Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France.
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45
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Knuchel MC, Marty RR, Morin TNA, Ilter O, Zuniga A, Naim HY. Relevance of a pre-existing measles immunity prior immunization with a recombinant measles virus vector. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2013; 9:599-606. [PMID: 23324399 DOI: 10.4161/hv.23241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Measles virus (MV) vectors are promising candidates for designing new recombinant vaccines since the parental live vaccines have a well-known safety and efficacy record. Like all viral vectors, the MV vector efficacy in inducing a protecting immune answer could be affected by the pre-existing immunity among the human population. In order to determine the optimal immunization route and regimen, we mimicked a MV pre-immunity by passively administrating MV neutralizing antibodies (MV-nAb) prior intramuscular (i.m.) and/or intranasal (i.n.) immunization with recombinant MV expressing the SIV-gag antigen (rMV-SIVgag). Our results revealed that 500 mIU of MV-nAb allowed the induction of a humoral and cellular immune response against the vector and the transgene, while higher titers of the MV-nAb were significantly inhibitory. In a prime-boost regimen, in the presence of MV-nAb, the intranasal-intramuscular (i.n.-i.m.) or intramuscular-intramuscular (i.m.-i.m.) routes induced higher humoral immune responses against the vector and the transgene (SIV-gag). In naive animals, cellular immune response was significantly higher by i.m. immunization; however, MV pre-immunity did not seem to affect the cellular immune response after an i.n. immunization. In summary, we show that a pre-existing immunity of up to 500 mIU anti-MV neutralizing antibodies had little effect on the replication of rMV and did not inhibit the induction of significant humoral and cellular immune responses in immune-competent mice.
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Zuniga A, Liniger M, Morin TNA, Marty RR, Wiegand M, Ilter O, Weibel S, Billeter MA, Knuchel MC, Naim HY. Sequence and immunogenicity of a clinically approved novel measles virus vaccine vector. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2013; 9:607-13. [PMID: 23324616 DOI: 10.4161/hv.23242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The measles virus vaccine (MVbv) is a clinically certified and well-tolerated vaccine strain that has been given both parenterally and mucosally. It has been extensively used in children and has proven to be safe and effective in eliciting protective immunity. This specific strain was therefore chosen to generate a measles viral vector. The genome of the commercial MVbv vaccine strain was isolated, sequenced and a plasmid, p(+)MVb, enabling transcription of the viral antigenome and rescue of MVb, was constructed. Phylogenic and phenotypic analysis revealed that MVbv and the rescued MVb constitute another evolutionary branch within the hitherto classified measles vaccines. Plasmid p(+)MVb was modified by insertion of artificial MV-type transcription units (ATUs) for the generation of recombinant viruses (rMVb) expressing additional proteins. Replication characteristics and immunogenicity of rMVb vectors were similar to the parental MVbv and to other vaccine strains. The expression of the additional proteins was stable over 10 serial virus transfers, which corresponds to an amplification greater than 10 ( 20) . The excellent safety record and its efficient application as aerosol may add to the usefulness of the derived vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amando Zuniga
- Current affiliations: Zurich University of Applied Sciences; Wädenswil, Switzerland
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47
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Naim HY. Applications and challenges of multivalent recombinant vaccines. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2012; 9:457-61. [PMID: 23249651 DOI: 10.4161/hv.23220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The exceptional discoveries of antigen/gene delivery systems have allowed the development of novel prophylactic and therapeutic vaccine candidates. The vaccine candidates employ various antigen-delivery systems, particularly recombinant viral vectors. Recombinant viral vectors are experimental vaccines similar to DNA vaccines, but they use attenuated viruses or bacterium as a carrier "vector" to introduce microbial DNA to cells of the body. They closely mimic a natural infection and therefore can efficiently stimulate the immune system. Although such recombinant vectors may face extensive preclinical testing and will possibly have to meet stringent regulatory requirements, some of these vectors (e.g. measles virus vectors) may benefit from the profound industrial and clinical experience of the parent vaccine. Most notably, novel vaccines based on live attenuated viruses combine the induction of broad, strong and persistent immune responses with acceptable safety profiles. We assess certain technologies in light of their use against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussein Y Naim
- Institute of Molecular Biology; University of Zürich-Irchel; Zürich, Switzerland; Current affiliation: Consultant; Life Sciences and Vaccines; Bern, Switzerland
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48
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Reyes-del Valle J, de la Fuente C, Turner MA, Springfeld C, Apte-Sengupta S, Frenzke ME, Forest A, Whidby J, Marcotrigiano J, Rice CM, Cattaneo R. Broadly neutralizing immune responses against hepatitis C virus induced by vectored measles viruses and a recombinant envelope protein booster. J Virol 2012; 86:11558-66. [PMID: 22896607 PMCID: PMC3486281 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01776-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2012] [Accepted: 08/06/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection remains a serious public health problem worldwide. Treatments are limited, and no preventive vaccine is available. Toward developing an HCV vaccine, we engineered two recombinant measles viruses (MVs) expressing structural proteins from the prototypic HCV subtype 1a strain H77. One virus directs the synthesis of the HCV capsid (C) protein and envelope glycoproteins (E1 and E2), which fold properly and form a heterodimer. The other virus expresses the E1 and E2 glycoproteins separately, with each one fused to the cytoplasmic tail of the MV fusion protein. Although these hybrid glycoproteins were transported to the plasma membrane, they were not incorporated into MV particles. Immunization of MV-susceptible, genetically modified mice with either vector induced neutralizing antibodies to MV and HCV. A boost with soluble E2 protein enhanced titers of neutralizing antibody against the homologous HCV envelope. In animals primed with MV expressing properly folded HCV C-E1-E2, boosting also induced cross-neutralizating antibodies against two heterologous HCV strains. These results show that recombinant MVs retain the ability to induce MV-specific humoral immunity while also eliciting HCV neutralizing antibodies, and that anti-HCV immunity can be boosted with a single dose of purified E2 protein. The use of MV vectors could have advantages for pediatric HCV vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Reyes-del Valle
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Virology and Gene Therapy Track, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Cynthia de la Fuente
- Laboratory of Virology and Infectious Diseases, Center for the Study of Hepatitis C, Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Mallory A. Turner
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Virology and Gene Therapy Track, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Christoph Springfeld
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Virology and Gene Therapy Track, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Swapna Apte-Sengupta
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Virology and Gene Therapy Track, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Marie E. Frenzke
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Virology and Gene Therapy Track, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Amelie Forest
- Laboratory of Virology and Infectious Diseases, Center for the Study of Hepatitis C, Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jillian Whidby
- Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Joseph Marcotrigiano
- Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Charles M. Rice
- Laboratory of Virology and Infectious Diseases, Center for the Study of Hepatitis C, Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Roberto Cattaneo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Virology and Gene Therapy Track, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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Priming T-cell responses with recombinant measles vaccine vector in a heterologous prime-boost setting in non-human primates. Vaccine 2012; 30:5991-8. [PMID: 22732429 PMCID: PMC3425710 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2011] [Revised: 06/04/2012] [Accepted: 06/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Licensed live attenuated virus vaccines capable of expressing transgenes from other pathogens have the potential to reduce the number of childhood immunizations by eliciting robust immunity to multiple pathogens simultaneously. Recombinant attenuated measles virus (rMV) derived from the Edmonston Zagreb vaccine strain was engineered to express simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) Gag protein for the purpose of evaluating the immunogenicity of rMV as a vaccine vector in rhesus macaques. rMV-Gag immunization alone elicited robust measles-specific humoral and cellular responses, but failed to elicit transgene (Gag)-specific immune responses, following aerosol or intratracheal/intramuscular delivery. However, when administered as a priming vaccine to a heterologous boost with recombinant adenovirus serotype 5 expressing the same transgene, rMV-Gag significantly enhanced Gag-specific T lymphocyte responses following rAd5 immunization. Gag-specific humoral responses were not enhanced, however, which may be due to either the transgene or the vector. Cellular response priming by rMV against the transgene was highly effective even when using a suboptimal dose of rAd5 for the boost. These data demonstrate feasibility of using rMV as a priming component of heterologous prime-boost vaccine regimens for pathogens requiring strong cellular responses.
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50
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Mok H, Cheng X, Xu Q, Zengel JR, Parhy B, Zhao J, Wang CK, Jin H. Evaluation of Measles Vaccine Virus as a Vector to Deliver Respiratory Syncytial Virus Fusion Protein or Epstein-Barr Virus Glycoprotein gp350. Open Virol J 2012; 6:12-22. [PMID: 22383906 PMCID: PMC3286841 DOI: 10.2174/1874357901206010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2011] [Revised: 01/03/2012] [Accepted: 01/16/2012] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Live attenuated recombinant measles vaccine virus (MV) Edmonston-Zagreb (EZ) strain was evaluated as a viral vector to express the ectodomains of fusion protein of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV F) or glycoprotein 350 of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV gp350) as candidate vaccines for prophylaxis of RSV and EBV. The glycoprotein gene was inserted at the 1st or the 3rd position of the measles virus genome and the recombinant viruses were generated. Insertion of the foreign gene at the 3rd position had a minimal impact on viral replication in vitro. RSV F or EBV gp350 protein was secreted from infected cells. In cotton rats, EZ-RSV F and EZ-EBV gp350 induced MV- and insert-specific antibody responses. In addition, both vaccines also induced insert specific interferon gamma (IFN-γ) secreting T cell response. EZ-RSV F protected cotton rats from pulmonary replication of RSV A2 challenge infection. In rhesus macaques, although both EZ-RSV F and EZ-EBV gp350 induced MV specific neutralizing antibody responses, only RSV F specific antibody response was detected. Thus, the immunogenicity of the foreign antigens delivered by measles vaccine virus is dependent on the nature of the insert and the animal models used for vaccine evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoyin Mok
- MedImmune LLC., 319 North Bernardo Ave, Mountain View, California, USA
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