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Kale D, Shoesmith E, Herbec A, Shahab L. Willingness to get vaccinated initially and yearly against COVID-19 and its association with vaccine hesitancy, vaccine knowledge and psychological well-being: a cross-sectional study in UK adults. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e080778. [PMID: 38969372 PMCID: PMC11227763 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-080778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study explores the association between vaccine hesitancy, vaccine knowledge and psychological well-being with (1) receipt of/willingness to receive an initial vaccine against COVID-19, and (2) willingness to get vaccinated yearly against COVID-19. The importance of different vaccine attributes (eg, vaccine technology, effectiveness, side effects) to choose a specific COVID-19 vaccine was also assessed. DESIGN Cross-sectional survey administered during May to June 2021 on vaccine hesitancy, vaccine knowledge, psychological well-being, willingness to receive COVID-19 vaccines, sociodemographics and COVID-19-related factors. SETTING UK. PARTICIPANTS A self-selected sample of 1408 adults. OUTCOME MEASURES Receipt of/willingness to receive COVID-19 vaccine for the first time and yearly. RESULTS Receipt of/willingness to receive a vaccine against COVID-19 initially and yearly were high (97.0% and 86.6%, respectively). Vaccine hesitancy was negatively associated with receipt of/willingness to receive vaccine initially/yearly (adjusted OR (aOR)=0.09, 95% CI 0.04 to 0.26, p<0.001/aOR=0.05, 95% CI 0.03 to 0.09, p<0.001). Vaccine knowledge and psychological well-being were positively associated with willingness to receive a yearly vaccine (aOR=1.81, 95% CI 1.43 to 2.29, p<0.001 and aOR=1.25, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.51, p=0.014, respectively), and general vaccine knowledge also with receipt of/willingness to receive vaccine initially (aOR=1.69, 95% CI 1.18 to 2.42, p=0.004). Vaccine effectiveness was the most important attribute for participants to choose a specific COVID-19 vaccine. CONCLUSIONS Improving vaccine knowledge and emphasising vaccine efficacy may minimise vaccine hesitancy and increase COVID-19 vaccine uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitra Kale
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, Institute of Epidemiology & Health Care, London, UK
| | | | - Aleksandra Herbec
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, Institute of Epidemiology & Health Care, London, UK
- Institute-European Observatory of Health Inequalities, Calisia University, Kalisz, Poland
| | - Lion Shahab
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, Institute of Epidemiology & Health Care, London, UK
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Glazer SA, Vallis M. Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on sleep parameters and characteristics in individuals living with overweight and obesity. Clin Obes 2024; 14:e12646. [PMID: 38348598 DOI: 10.1111/cob.12646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been very challenging for those living with overweight and obesity. The magnitude of this impact on sleep requires further attention to optimise patient care and outcomes. This study assessed the impact of the COVID-19 lockdown on sleep duration and quality as well as identify predictors of poor sleep quality in individuals with reported diagnoses of obstructive sleep apnoea and those without sleep apnoea. An online survey (June-October 2020) was conducted with two samples; one representative of Canadians living with overweight and obesity (n = 1089) and a second of individuals recruited through obesity clinical services or patient organisations (n = 980). While overall sleep duration did not decline much, there were identifiable groups with reduced or increased sleep. Those with changed sleep habits, especially reduced sleep, had much poorer sleep quality, were younger, gained more weight and were more likely to be female. Poor sleep quality was associated with medical, social and eating concerns as well as mood disturbance. Those with sleep apnoea had poorer quality sleep although this was offset to some degree by use of CPAP. Sleep quality and quantity has been significantly impacted during the early part of the COVID-19 pandemic in those living with overweight and obesity. Predictors of poor sleep and the impact of sleep apnoea with and without CPAP therapy on sleep parameters has been evaluated. Identifying those at increased risk of sleep alterations and its impact requires further clinical consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen A Glazer
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael Vallis
- Department of Family Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifix, Nova Scotia, Canada
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Okyay RA, Kaya E, Erdoğan A. Vaccine refusal in pregnant women in Kahramanmaraş: a community-based study from Türkiye. PeerJ 2024; 12:e17409. [PMID: 38784396 PMCID: PMC11114108 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The global health landscape is increasingly challenged by the rejection of childhood vaccines. This study investigates vaccination reservations and refusal among pregnant women. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in Kahramanmaraş, Türkiye, spanning January to March 2019, entailing face to face interviews with 938 pregnant women. The questionnaire collected sociodemographic data and probed vaccination attitudes. The decision to vaccinate the baby was treated as the dependent variable, analyzed alongside sociodemographic factors and other variables. Data underwent evaluation via descriptive analysis, the Chi-square test, and binary logistic regression. Results Participants had a mean age of 27.6 years. Among them 20 (2.1%) expressed intent to either abstain from or partially vaccinate their babies, with 70% citing apprehensions regarding potential vaccine-related harm. Statistical analysis unveiled that higher economic income, elevated parental education level, fewer than two children, reliance on the Internet for vaccination information, and a lack of trust in physicians significantly correlated with vaccine refusal among pregnant women (p < 0.05). Conclusions The study concludes that dissemination of vaccination information by the healthcare professionals, complemented by the enactment of pro-vaccine internet policies holds promise in shaping vaccination behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Erhan Kaya
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health, Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam University, Kahramanmaraş, Türkiye
| | - Ayşegül Erdoğan
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health, Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam University, Kahramanmaraş, Türkiye
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Wu D, Liu P, Wang H, Wan W, Wang Y. Willingness and hesitancy towards the governmental free human papillomavirus vaccination among parents of eligible adolescent girls in Shenzhen, Southern China. BMC Womens Health 2024; 24:253. [PMID: 38654200 PMCID: PMC11036762 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-024-03083-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since 2020, China has actively promoted HPV vaccination for eligible adolescent girls through various pilot programmes. This study investigated parental willingness and hesitancy towards the government-sponsored, free human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination for eligible adolescent girls in Shenzhen, Southern China. METHODS From June to August 2022, a cross-sectional survey was conducted with parents of girls entering Grade 7, employing an adapted Vaccine Hesitancy Scale to assess vaccine hesitancy and logistic regression to identify factors influencing willingness to accept the free domestic vaccines. RESULTS Although only 3.4% of the 2856 respondents had their daughters vaccinated against HPV prior to the survey, 91.7% were willing to utilise the governmental vaccination services. Parents with children in public schools (χ2 = 20.08, p < 0.001), those with more secure medical insurance (χ2 = 4.97, p = 0.026), and parents who had received an HPV vaccine themselves (χ2 = 28.829, p < 0.001) showed more reluctance towards the free vaccines. Vaccine hesitancy was presented in a mere 2.1% but was a significant predictor of vaccine refusal, even after adjusting for multiple factors (adjusted OR = 15.98, 95% CI: 9.06, 28.20). Notably, about four-fifths of parents of unvaccinated daughters harboured concerns about the safety and efficacy of the domestic vaccine. CONCLUSIONS Although parents show a strong inclination to utilise the government vaccination services, their vaccine hesitancy, driven by safety concerns and a preference for imported vaccines, remains a significant barrier for rolling out vaccination coverage. This study highlights the need for multifaceted intervention strategies that address these issues to enhance HPV vaccine uptake effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dadong Wu
- Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, No. 2004 Hongli Road, Shenzhen, China
| | - Peiyi Liu
- Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, No. 2004 Hongli Road, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Shenzhen Medical Key Discipline of Health Toxicology, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - He Wang
- Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, No. 2004 Hongli Road, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wenwen Wan
- Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, No. 2004 Hongli Road, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yueyun Wang
- Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, No. 2004 Hongli Road, Shenzhen, China.
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Malas O, Boustani NM, Duradoni M, Omotoso D, Avşar AŞ, Shyroka A, Colombini G, Blanch A. The Vaccination Fear Scale (VFS-6): Adaptation, Cross-Cultural Validation, and Invariance among Genders and Six Different Cultures, Applying Classical Test Theory (CTT) and Item Response Theory (IRT). Eur J Investig Health Psychol Educ 2024; 14:808-822. [PMID: 38667807 PMCID: PMC11049080 DOI: 10.3390/ejihpe14040052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic had a meaningful impact on several areas of human activity. With respect to psychological assessment, the requirements to study the fear of vaccination as a means to diminish negative behaviour towards vaccination had been reported. This study aimed to evaluate the factorial invariance of the six-item Vaccination Fear Scale (VFS-6) across individuals and cultures. To achieve this goal, a sample of university students was recruited (n = 2535; mean age = 20.59, SD = 2.04; males: 26.75%, females: 73.25%) from Spain (n = 388; 15.3%), Italy (n = 376; 14.83%), Lebanon (n = 487; 19.21%), Nigeria (n = 561; 22.13%), Turkey (n = 410; 16.17%), and Ukraine (n = 313; 12.34%). The results showed that the most appropriate factorial structure, exhibiting excellent fit indices, was a model with two correlated factors (cognitive symptoms: items 1, 2, and 4; somatic symptoms: items 3, 5, and 6) for both the total sample and individual samples from each country and language (Spanish, Italian, Arabic, English, Turkish, and Ukrainian). Notably, the VFS-6 demonstrated configural, metric, scalar, and strict invariance across sex. Regarding countries and languages, configural invariance was observed between them. Also, metric invariance was observed between Spain, Italy, and Ukraine and between Lebanon, Nigeria, and Turkey, which indicates the presence of two well-differentiated groups of countries and the possibility of inferential analysis between them. Item Response Theory analysis suggested an appropriate level of discrimination and difficulty of the test. These significant findings lay the groundwork for future investigations into vaccination fear across diverse cultural backgrounds, providing valuable insights for addressing vaccination-related concerns worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Malas
- Department of Psychology, Sociology and Social Work, University of Lleida, Avinguda de l’Estudi General, 4, 25001 Lleida, Spain
| | - Nada Mallah Boustani
- Faculty of Business and Management, Saint Joseph University, P.O. Box 17-5208 Mar Mikhael, Beirut 1104 2020, Lebanon
| | - Mirko Duradoni
- Department of Education, Languages, Interculture, Literatures and Psychology, University of Florence, Via di San Salvi, 12, Building 26, 50135 Florence, Italy
| | - Dayo Omotoso
- Department of Human Anatomy, Redeemer’s University, Ede 232103, Nigeria
| | - Asiye Şengül Avşar
- Department of Measurement and Evaluation in Education, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University, 53100 Rize, Turkey
| | - Anastasiia Shyroka
- Department of Psychology and Psychotherapy, Ukrainian Catholic University, Sventsitskogo 17, 79011 Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Giulia Colombini
- Department of Education, Languages, Interculture, Literatures and Psychology, University of Florence, Via di San Salvi, 12, Building 26, 50135 Florence, Italy
| | - Angel Blanch
- Department of Psychology, Sociology and Social Work, University of Lleida, Avinguda de l’Estudi General, 4, 25001 Lleida, Spain
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Çelik H, Özer M, Zincir H. Modification and Validation of the Vaccine Hesitancy Scale for Turkish Adult Vaccination. J Nurs Meas 2024; 32:82-94. [PMID: 37827583 DOI: 10.1891/jnm-2022-0020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Background and Purpose: For public health, it is important to investigate vaccine hesitancy, determine populations reluctant for vaccines, and investigate barriers and facilitators for vaccination in these groups. This study aims to modify and validate the Vaccine Hesitancy Scale specific to adults in Turkish society. Methods: The study, which was designed as a methodological and survey type, was conducted using a Google questionnaire with 720 participants who met the inclusion criteria with a convenient sampling method. Results: After factor and reliability analysis, a 2-factor, 10-item scale with an acceptable and perfect range of fit index values emerged. It has been observed that individuals who are young, single, do not have children, have vaccine allergy, and do not believe that the vaccine will protect the society are adversely affected by the environment, and those who do not have COVID-19 and flu have a high level of hesitancy to vaccine. Conclusions: The Vaccine Hesitancy Scale is a valid and reliable tool to detect vaccine hesitation in adults in Turkish society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hakan Çelik
- Department of Nursing, Public Health Nursing, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Özer
- Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Erzincan Binali Yildirim University, Erzincan, Turkey
| | - Handan Zincir
- Department of Nursing, Public Health Nursing, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
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Bok S, Shum J, Lee M. Path analysis of perceived disease vulnerability, COVID-19 fear, and lower vaccine hesitancy within the context of protection motivation theory. Heliyon 2024; 10:e25889. [PMID: 38390175 PMCID: PMC10881856 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 vaccinations have demonstrated effectiveness in reducing severe infections. However, vaccine hesitancy posed a major public health hurdle to combat the COVID-19 pandemic. Online spread of vaccine conspiracy beliefs generated unwarranted mistrust and resistance to vaccines. While numerous studies have explored the factors influencing vaccine hesitancy, there remains a lack of comprehensive understanding regarding the interplay between perceived disease vulnerability, COVID-19 fear, and vaccine hesitancy. Protection motivation theory posits citizens will evaluate perceived threats and take actions to mitigate potential harm. With a large U.S. sample, path analysis demonstrated individuals' perceived disease vulnerability was associated with lower vaccine hesitancy. Greater perceived disease vulnerability was associated with higher COVID-19 fear. Greater COVID-19 fear was associated with lower vaccine hesitancy. Greater vaccine conspiracy beliefs associated with higher vaccine hesitancy. However, in the presence of perceived vulnerability to disease, vaccine conspiracy beliefs associated with higher fear of COVID-19 and thereby lower vaccine hesitancy. We found under circumstances of higher perceived vulnerability to disease and fear of COVID-19, vaccine conspiratorial believers were less vaccine hesitant. We discuss how public health messaging can highlight personal risks to contracting COVID-19 to appeal to those who self-identify as disease prone, but may have reservations about vaccines because of misinformation. Successfully combating diseases entails reaching and gaining cooperation from misbelievers because misinformation is expected to continue in the digital age. By understand individual differences to vaccine hesitancy, it can help increase vaccinations and prevent severe illnesses in the post COVID-19 pandemic era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Bok
- Department of Marketing, College of Business and Economics, California State University, East Bay, United States
| | - James Shum
- School of Accounting, Golden Gate University, San Francisco, United States
| | - Maria Lee
- Department of Urban Planning and Public Policy, University of California, Irvine, United States
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Karuppannan M, Ming LC, Abdul Wahab MS, Mohd Noordin Z, Yee S, Hermansyah A. Self-reported side effects of COVID-19 vaccines among the public. J Pharm Policy Pract 2024; 17:2308617. [PMID: 38420042 PMCID: PMC10901186 DOI: 10.1080/20523211.2024.2308617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The safety, side effects and efficacy profile of COVID-19 vaccines remain subjects of ongoing concern among the public in Malaysia. The aim of this study was to determine the types of adverse effects following immunisation with COVID-19 vaccines and the differences based on various types of COVID-19 vaccines to raise public awareness and reduce vaccine hesitancy among the public. Methods A total of 901 Malaysian adults (≥18 years) who received various COVID-19 vaccines were selected to participate in our cross-sectional study through an online survey between December 2021 and January 2022. Results A total of 814 (90.3%) of the participants reported ≥1 side effect following COVID-19 immunisation. Of these, the predominant symptoms were swelling at the injection site (n = 752, 83.5%), headache (n = 638, 70.8%), pain or soreness at the injection site (n = 628, 69.7%), fatigue or tiredness (n = 544, 60.4%), muscle weakness (n = 529, 58.7%) and diarrhea (n = 451, 50.1%). Recipients of the Pfizer-BioNTech (Comirnaty ®) vaccine reported the highest number of adverse effects (n = 355, 43.6%), followed by mixed COVID-19 vaccines (n = 254, 31.2%), the Oxford-AstraZeneca (ChAdOx1-®[recombinant]) vaccine (n = 113, 13.9%) and the Sinovac (CoronaVac®) vaccine (n = 90, 11.1%). The study showed that individuals who reported significantly more side effects were of elderly age, female gender and high educational level [P value < 0.05]. Mixed COVID-19 vaccine recipients also reported significantly more local and systemic symptoms after the first dose and third dose when compared with other single vaccine recipients. Conclusion This study demonstrated the types of self-reported adverse effects following immunisation with single and mixed COVID-19 vaccines. These findings may provide the side effects of different COVID-19 vaccines with the hope of educating the public on the safety profiles of these vaccines and reducing vaccine hesitancy among the public.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmathi Karuppannan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Selangor, Bandar Puncak Alam, Malaysia
- Cardiology Therapeutics Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Selangor, Puncak Alam Campus, Bandar Puncak Alam, Malaysia
| | - Long Chiau Ming
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Sunway City, Malaysia
- PAPRSB Institute of Health Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Gadong, Brunei
| | - Mohd Shahezwan Abdul Wahab
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Selangor, Bandar Puncak Alam, Malaysia
- Cardiology Therapeutics Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Selangor, Puncak Alam Campus, Bandar Puncak Alam, Malaysia
| | - Zakiah Mohd Noordin
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Selangor, Bandar Puncak Alam, Malaysia
- Cardiology Therapeutics Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Selangor, Puncak Alam Campus, Bandar Puncak Alam, Malaysia
| | - Shermaine Yee
- Faculty of Medicine, Quest International University, Ipoh, Malaysia
| | - Andi Hermansyah
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
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Krasner H, Harmon N, Martin J, Olaco CA, Netski DM, Batra K. Community Level Correlates of COVID-19 Booster Vaccine Hesitancy in the United States: A Cross-Sectional Analysis. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:167. [PMID: 38400150 PMCID: PMC10892894 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12020167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Evidence exists that individual-level sociodemographic factors contribute to vaccine hesitancy, but it is unknown how community-level factors affect COVID-19 booster dose hesitancy. The current study aims to fill this knowledge gap by comparing data from a nationwide survey on COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy with a community-level indicator, i.e., the Distressed Communities Index (DCI). Methods: Attitudes toward vaccinations, vaccine literacy, COVID-19 vaccine confidence index, and trust were measured using a 48-item, psychometrically valid and reliable survey tool. In this study, 2138 survey participants residing in the United States were divided into quintiles of varying community distress levels based on their zip codes using the DCI. Data were analyzed through Chi-square, one-way ANOVA, and post hoc analysis with Tukey's test. Results: A significantly higher proportion of participants from the distressed communities had lower trust than their prosperous counterparts (26.6% vs. 37.6%, p < 0.001). On the contrary, participants from the prosperous communities had significantly higher vaccine confidence index scores than those in distressed communities (2.22 ± 1.13 vs. 1.70 ± 1.01, p < 0.001). Conclusions: These findings affirm the importance of developing community-level interventions to promote trust in COVID-19 vaccinations and increase booster dose uptake. From these results, future studies can examine the efficacy of various community-level interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry Krasner
- Kirk Kerkorian School of Medicine at UNLV, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89102, USA; (J.M.); (C.-A.O.)
| | - Nicolette Harmon
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89119, USA;
| | - Jeffrey Martin
- Kirk Kerkorian School of Medicine at UNLV, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89102, USA; (J.M.); (C.-A.O.)
| | - Crysty-Ann Olaco
- Kirk Kerkorian School of Medicine at UNLV, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89102, USA; (J.M.); (C.-A.O.)
| | - Dale M. Netski
- Office of Faculty Affairs, Kirk Kerkorian School of Medicine at UNLV, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89102, USA;
- Department of Medical Education, Kirk Kerkorian School of Medicine at UNLV, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89102, USA
| | - Kavita Batra
- Department of Medical Education, Kirk Kerkorian School of Medicine at UNLV, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89102, USA
- Office of Research, Kirk Kerkorian School of Medicine at UNLV, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89102, USA
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Valinsky D, Heymann AD, Albukrek D, Tsamir J, Zacay G. The critical factors for COVID-19 vaccination uptake are perceived vaccine effectiveness and the desire to protect others. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2023; 19:2265170. [PMID: 37846842 PMCID: PMC10583610 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2023.2265170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The proportion of the population vaccinated in Israel against COVID-19 in 2021 was significantly higher than that of the annual uptake rates of the influenza vaccine over time. Understanding the reasons behind the high vaccination rate may facilitate maintaining these rates if annual COVID-19 vaccination is required. Using a mixed-methods design, we characterized the individuals who were vaccinated and studied their attitudes toward vaccines and motivators for the COVID-19 vaccine. The first part was a cross-sectional study of adults aged 65 and over who were vaccinated against COVID-19. We stratified them according to their annual influenza vaccination patterns, and compared variables such as age, gender, health status, and timing of COVID-19 vaccination. The second part consisted of a questionnaire administered to a subsample of the above population, inquiring about vaccine hesitancy, motivators for vaccination, and intention to be vaccinated in the future. We found that motivating factors for COVID-19 vaccination are similar between those who regularly vaccinate against influenza and those who don't. Internal motivators such as perceived vaccine effectiveness and the desire to protect others were stronger than external rewards or sanctions. High adherence to annual influenza vaccine recommendations was associated with earlier COVID-19 vaccine uptake. Respondents with lower adherence to influenza vaccines were more likely to demonstrate higher levels of vaccine hesitancy. These factors should be addressed in future vaccination campaigns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danna Valinsky
- The Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Anthony D. Heymann
- The Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Meuhedet Health Services, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | | | | | - Galia Zacay
- The Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Meuhedet Health Services, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Arzilli G, Stacchini L, Casigliani V, Mazzilli S, Aquino F, Oradini-Alacreu A, Bruni B, Quattrone F, Papini F, Sironi D, Porretta AD, Privitera GP, Rizzo C, Tavoschi L, Lopalco PL. Assessing vaccine hesitancy and health literacy using a new Italian vaccine confidence index and a modified Italian medical term recognition test: A cross-sectional survey on Italian parents. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2023; 19:2271765. [PMID: 37906161 PMCID: PMC10760377 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2023.2271765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The decline in children's vaccination coverage and the resurgence of preventable infectious diseases draw attention to parents' vaccine hesitancy. Our study introduces two validated tools to independently assess vaccine hesitancy and health literacy among parents with school-age children. We developed a Vaccine Confidence Index (VCI) from 10 Likert items, exploring their relationships through exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. We modified the IMETER (Italian medical term recognition test) to measure health literacy. We assessed the internal consistency of the modified IMETER and the 10 Likert items using Cronbach's alpha test (α) and McDonald's omega total coefficient (ω) with good results (ω = 0.92, α = 0.90; ω = 0.87, α = 0.82 respectively). We used these tools within a questionnaire conducted on 743 parents recruited from pediatric clinic waiting rooms in Italy, collecting demographic data, information sources on vaccines and vaccine-preventable diseases knowledge. The VCI resulting from factor analyses consisted of six items on a ten-point Likert scale, reflecting the ratio of positive to negative items. The survey revealed significant variations in the VCI according to individual features such as education, use of social networks, or Health institutions as sources of information. Multivariate logistic regression identified an association between vaccine intention and the VCI. Health literacy was functional for 91.2% of participants, but knowledge about vaccine-preventable diseases was generally low. The VCI showed no significant association with health literacy and vaccine-preventable diseases knowledge. The VCI and the modified IMETER effectively assess vaccination attitude and health literacy, offering valuable public health tools for tailoring vaccination campaigns to hesitant population subgroups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guglielmo Arzilli
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Stacchini
- Department of Health Science, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Virginia Casigliani
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Aquino
- Department of Public Health and Hygiene, Azienda USL Toscana Nord Ovest, Versilia, Italy
| | - Aurea Oradini-Alacreu
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Beatrice Bruni
- Department of Public Health and Hygiene, Azienda USL Toscana Nord Ovest, Versilia, Italy
| | - Filippo Quattrone
- Management and Healthcare Laboratory, Institute of Management and Department EMbeDS, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesca Papini
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Daniele Sironi
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Andrea Davide Porretta
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Gaetano Pierpaolo Privitera
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Caterina Rizzo
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Lara Tavoschi
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Pier Luigi Lopalco
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technology, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
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12
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Farajzadeh N, Hosseini H, Keshvari M, Maracy MR. A cross-sectional study on the reasons for vaccine hesitancy in children under seven years of age in Isfahan, Iran. Vaccine X 2023; 15:100396. [PMID: 37867571 PMCID: PMC10587519 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvacx.2023.100396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The diminution in vaccination coverage in recent years has contributed to the reappearance of infectious diseases, and vaccine hesitancy is one of the main causes. As a result, we investigated the causes of vaccine hesitancy in children. Materials and methods This descriptive-analytical study was conducted cross-sectionally in 27 comprehensive health service centers in Isfahan City from June to October 2022. This study included Iranian families living in Isfahan who did not vaccinate their children by the due date. A researcher-made questionnaire collected data on children's vaccine hesitancy after verifying validity and reliability over the phone and in person by the researcher. The mothers completed informed consent. Independent T-tests, Pearson's correlation coefficient, analysis of variance, and a generalized linear model were used to analyze the data. Findings Finally, 298 families participated in the study, 34.3% refused, and 65.7% delayed their child's vaccination. Vaccination was hesitant due to the child being sick at the time of injection (57.3%), believing that vaccination is not necessary to prevent uncommon diseases (49%), and being concerned about severe side effects caused by the vaccine (48.7%). Vaccine hesitancy among mothers with bachelor's degrees and families less than one kilometer from the health center was significantly less than among others. Additionally, Vaccines at birth, four, six, twelve, and eighteen months, and six-year-old vaccines were associated with vaccine hesitancy. Conclusion Children's illness at the time of vaccination, the belief that vaccination is unnecessary to prevent uncommon diseases, and the worry about severe complications were among the most common reasons for vaccine hesitancy. Mother's education, distance to the health center, and vaccine type were associated with vaccine hesitancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negar Farajzadeh
- Master Student of Community Health Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Habibollah Hosseini
- Nursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mahrokh Keshvari
- Nursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad R. Maracy
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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13
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Yao X, Peng J, Ma Y, Fu M, Fang Y, Fang H, Jiang M. Development of a vaccine hesitancy scale for childhood immunization in China. Vaccine 2023; 41:6870-6877. [PMID: 37821318 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.09.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Vaccine hesitancy is a primary factor that influences vaccine uptake; however, no specific measurement tool to accurately assess vaccine hesitancy is available in China. This study aimed to develop a general vaccine hesitancy scale for childhood immunization. METHODS We adopted a three-phase process with nine steps to develop and finalize our scale. The scale framework and initial item pool were determined by a literature review. Expert consultation and cognitive interviews with parents were conducted to evaluate content validity. Questionnaire surveys involving parents of children aged <6 years were conducted to select items. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were employed to identify and validate the scale factor structure. The scale's reliability and validity were assessed using multiple indicators. RESULTS Of the initial 38 items, 21 were retained after expert consultation and cognitive interviews. In survey 1, the number of scale items decreased to 16 following item analysis and EFA. In survey 2, four items were added and EFA identified four factors. In survey 3, CFA confirmed the four-factor structure and the reliability indicators were satisfactory for the total scale. The level of vaccine hesitancy assessed by our scale was positively associated with vaccination refusal behavior and the Vaccine Hesitancy Scale score. The final scale comprised four dimensions (confidence, complacency, convenience, and calculation) with 17 items. CONCLUSIONS We developed a validated and reliable measurement to assess vaccine hesitancy among parents of children, which promises to be suitable for wide use in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuelin Yao
- Department of Pharmacy Administration and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China; Center for Drug Safety and Policy Research, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jin Peng
- Department of Pharmacy Administration and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China; Center for Drug Safety and Policy Research, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yue Ma
- Department of Pharmacy Administration and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China; Center for Drug Safety and Policy Research, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Mao Fu
- Department of Pharmacy Administration and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China; Center for Drug Safety and Policy Research, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yu Fang
- Department of Pharmacy Administration and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China; Center for Drug Safety and Policy Research, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Hai Fang
- China Center for Health Development Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China; Peking University Health Science Center, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Joint Research Center for Vaccine Economics, Beijing, China.
| | - Minghuan Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy Administration and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China; Center for Drug Safety and Policy Research, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China; Institute for Global Health and Development, Peking University, Beijing, China.
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14
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Wu D, Liu P, Song D, Wang H, Chen S, Tang W, Zhao X, Zhao F, Wang Y. Implementing the free HPV vaccination for adolescent girls aged below 14 in Shenzhen, Guangdong Province of China: experience, challenges, and lessons. Infect Dis Poverty 2023; 12:98. [PMID: 37899444 PMCID: PMC10614323 DOI: 10.1186/s40249-023-01149-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer is a major public health concern in China, accounting for almost one-fifth of the global incidence and mortality. The recently prequalified domestic bivalent human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine offers a practical and feasible preventive measure. In response to the global call for action, the National Health Commission issued an Action Plan to eliminate cervical cancer by 2030, with promotion of the HPV vaccination for school-aged girls as a critical step. Despite this, implementation of the vaccination has been patchy, with very low coverage among eligible girls. To address this, from December 2021 to December 2022, a demonstration project was launched in Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, to promote the inclusion of HPV vaccine in local immunisation programme and to address existing barriers to implementation. Using multiple sources of data, this article presents a case study of the demonstration project, analysing its impact on rolling out HPV vaccination among eligible girls and identifying any challenges encountered during implementation. The demonstration project has shown promising results in increasing the HPV vaccination rate, promoting public awareness and acceptance of the domestic HPV vaccine, and establishing a model for quickly scaling up the vaccination at the municipal level. The success of the project can be attributed to several factors, including strong governmental commitment, sufficient funding, multi-sectoral collaboration, ensured vaccine accessibility and affordability, improved vaccination services, and effective health education and communication strategies. Lessons learned from Shenzhen can provide valuable insights for future advocacy and implementation of the vaccination in other areas of China, but challenges must be addressed to achieve universal coverage. These include addressing vaccine hesitancy, expanding the programme to cover a broader age range, and ensuring consistent quality of vaccination services in primary care facilities. Overcoming these challenges will require innovative strategies, public-private partnerships, and sustained funding and resources. Future research should focus on evaluating the long-term effectiveness of the vaccination programme and identifying contextual factors that may impact its implementation in different settings. Overall, the effective control of cervical cancer in China will rely on the "political will" to ensure the incorporation of preventive interventions into policies and universal programme coverage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dadong Wu
- Affiliated Shenzhen Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 2004, Hongli Road, Futian District, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Peiyi Liu
- Affiliated Shenzhen Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 2004, Hongli Road, Futian District, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Danhong Song
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - He Wang
- Affiliated Shenzhen Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 2004, Hongli Road, Futian District, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Siqi Chen
- Affiliated Shenzhen Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 2004, Hongli Road, Futian District, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Wanyi Tang
- Institute of Hospital Management, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xuelian Zhao
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Fanghui Zhao
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Yueyun Wang
- Affiliated Shenzhen Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 2004, Hongli Road, Futian District, Shenzhen, 518000, China.
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15
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Kim E, Kim HJ, Han DH. The Effect of Psychological Factors on COVID-19 Vaccination Side Effects: A Cross-Sectional Survey in South Korea. Psychiatry Investig 2023; 20:808-817. [PMID: 37794662 PMCID: PMC10555510 DOI: 10.30773/pi.2023.0116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Side effects from the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) vaccine, such as pain, headache, nausea, and fatigue, have caused vaccine hesitancy. Research on the effects of psychological factors on COVID-19 vaccine side effects is insufficient. This study aims to investigate the effect of psychological factors on COVID-19 vaccination side effects. METHODS We recruited a total of 226 individuals registered for the COVID-19 vaccine in Seoul, South Korea, for this study. Participants completed a pre-vaccination questionnaire, including the 5C antecedents of vaccination, and a survey of psychological factors (Patient Health Questionnaire-9 [PHQ-9], Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7, Somatic symptom amplification scale [SSAS], and Illness Attitude Scale [IAS]). After vaccination, participants completed an online questionnaire regarding vaccine side effects at 20 minutes, three days, and seven days after vaccination. We added a discrete set of hierarchical variables with vaccine side effects as the dependent variable to the hierarchical regression analysis: demographics for Model 1, 5C antecedents of vaccination for Model 2, and psychological factors for Model 3. RESULTS Our results indicated that the risk factors for side effects 20 minutes after vaccination were young age, high PHQ, and SSAS scores. Risk factors for side effects three days after vaccination were young age, high constraints, and calculation, and the risk factor for side effects at seven days was a high IAS score. CONCLUSION Our study confirmed that there is a significant relationship between psychological factors and COVID-19 vaccine side effects in chronological order. Psychosocial factors should be examined when assessing side-effect reactions to the COVID-19 vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Jin Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Doug Hyun Han
- Department of Psychiatry, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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16
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Kherfan T, Sallam M. Prospective Attitudes towards Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Vaccination: Validation of a Survey Instrument among Young Females in Jordan Pending Vaccine Authorization. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1386. [PMID: 37631954 PMCID: PMC10459998 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11081386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In May 2023, the U.S. FDA advisors endorsed Pfizer's pregnancy-administered vaccine (branded ABRYSVO) to protect infants from respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection. Vaccination can reduce the burden of RSV-related respiratory disease, with previous studies showing its substantial medical and financial burden in Jordan. However, pregnant women may exhibit hesitancy to get vaccinated due to concerns about potential risks to themselves or their fetuses. This study aimed to assess the acceptance of the RSV vaccine among young females and identify the determinants influencing their decision using a newly constructed instrument. A survey instrument was developed and validated, comprising 26 items to measure RSV vaccine acceptance. A cross-sectional study design was employed, with data collection from a sample of females aged 18 to 45 residing in Jordan during 5-6 July 2023, using a convenient approach via an online distributed questionnaire. The final study sample comprised 315 respondents, with 67.6% who have heard of RSV before the study. If the vaccine was safe, effective, and provided freely, 70.2% showed willingness to get the RSV vaccine, 15.2% resisted, and 14.6% were hesitant. Principal component analysis identified six internally consistent sub-scales with the following suggested themes: Advice, Burden, Conspiracy, Dangers, Efficiency, and Fear, comprising 21 items collectively as assigned as the "ABCDEF" scale for RSV vaccine acceptance. RSV vaccine acceptance in this study was associated with the advice and fear constructs. The validated survey instrument successfully captured important determinants of RSV vaccine acceptance among young females. RSV vaccine promotion efforts should focus on the following: enhancing vaccine education, improving trust in healthcare institutions and providers, reducing burdens through resolving cost issues and focusing on the role of social support, addressing safety concerns, and tailoring communication strategies to effectively promote the benefits of the vaccine. These insights can inform public health policies and interventions aiming to promote RSV vaccination and mitigate the burden of RSV-related diseases among infants. Follow-up studies are recommended with pregnant women as the target group to assess their attitude towards RSV vaccination and to confirm the validity of the conceived ABCDEF survey instrument.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tleen Kherfan
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Malik Sallam
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
- Department of Clinical Laboratories and Forensic Medicine, Jordan University Hospital, Amman 11942, Jordan
- Department of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, 22184 Malmö, Sweden
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17
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KALAYCI BN, KARAHAN D. Evaluation of local and systemic side effects of Turkovac vaccine in adults. Turk J Med Sci 2023; 53:934-940. [PMID: 38031955 PMCID: PMC10760581 DOI: 10.55730/1300-0144.5657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 is a respiratory disease that caused a pandemic after reportedly emerging from Wuhan, China, in December 2019. Different types of COVID-19 vaccines such as viral vectors, mRNA, and inactivated vaccines have been produced since the beginning of the pandemic. Turkovac is an inactive COVID-19 vaccine developed and produced in Türkiye. We conducted our study to investigate the local and systemic side effects of the Turkovac vaccine. METHODS A cross-sectional survey-based study was conducted to collect data on the postvaccine side effects in people aged over 18 who were vaccinated with Turkovac, between March and June 2022, in the Malatya Turgut Özal University Research and Training Hospital. A 54 question, multiple-choice questionnaire was used to collect demographic data from the participants and identify the possible local and systemic side effects after Turkovac vaccine administration. RESULTS Of the 403 participants included in the study, 134 (33.3%) were female and 269 (66.7%) were male with a mean age of 47.7 ± 13.7. The most common local side effects observed after vaccination were pain at the injection site (22.8%) and local swelling and redness (0.5%). Systemic side effects included weakness or fatigue (4.2%), muscle or joint pain (2%), headache (1.7%), fever (1%), cough (0.25%), lymphadenopathy (0.25%), and urticaria (0.25%). Side effects were most commonly observed within the first 24 h. We found that for participants under 47 years of age, female sex, chronic diseases, and regular medication use were associated with the risk of suffering side effects. DISCUSSION Our study revealed that Turkovac is a generally well-tolerated vaccine and had no side effects. More studies are required to evaluate Turkovac's side effects in other populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bülent Nuri KALAYCI
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Malatya Turgut Özal University, Malatya,
Turkiye
| | - Doğu KARAHAN
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Malatya Turgut Özal University, Malatya,
Turkiye
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18
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Racey CS, Donken R, Fox E, Porter I, Bettinger JA, Mark J, Bonifacio L, Dawar M, Gagel M, Kling R, Mema S, Mitchell H, Roe I, Ogilvie G, Sadarangani M. Characterization of vaccine confidence among teachers in British Columbia, Canada: A population-based survey. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0288107. [PMID: 37437041 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0288107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Teachers are an important occupational group to consider when addressing vaccine confidence and uptake for school-aged children due to their proximate role within school-based immunization programs. The objectives of this study were to characterize and identify sociodemographic factors associated with vaccine confidence and describe teachers' knowledge of and perceived role in the school-based immunization program, with the aim of informing public health policy and identifying opportunities for supporting teachers in their role in school-based immunization programs. METHODS A cross-sectional survey of elementary and secondary public-school teachers in British Columbia was completed from August to November 2020. Respondents provided sociodemographic information, as well as past vaccination experience, vaccine knowledge, and perceived role in the school-based immunization program. Vaccine confidence was measured using the Vaccine Hesitancy Scale (VHS). Characteristics associated with the VHS sub-scales 'lack of confidence in vaccines' and 'perceived risk of vaccines', were explored using ANOVA. Descriptive analysis was completed for teachers' perceived role in the immunization program. RESULTS 5,095 surveys were included in this analysis. Overall vaccine confidence was high, with vaccine hesitancy being related to the perceived risk of vaccines rather than a lack of confidence in the effectiveness of vaccines. ANOVA found significant differences for both VHS-sub-scales based on sociodemographic factors, however, the strength of the association was generally small. High general vaccine knowledge and never having delayed or refused a vaccine in the past were associated with higher vaccine confidence. Overall, teachers reported a lack of clarity in their role within the school-based immunization program. CONCLUSIONS This large population-based observational study of teachers highlights a number of key engagement opportunities between public health and the education sector. Using a validated scale, we found that overall, teachers are highly accepting of vaccines, and well situated as potential partners with public health to address vaccine hesitancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Sarai Racey
- School of Population and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Women's Health Research Institute, British Columbia Women's Hospital and Health Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Robine Donken
- School of Population and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Women's Health Research Institute, British Columbia Women's Hospital and Health Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Vaccine Evaluation Center, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Ellie Fox
- School of Population and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Women's Health Research Institute, British Columbia Women's Hospital and Health Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Imogen Porter
- Vaccine Evaluation Center, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Julie A Bettinger
- Vaccine Evaluation Center, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jennifer Mark
- Vaccine Evaluation Center, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Lizl Bonifacio
- Vaccine Evaluation Center, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Meena Dawar
- School of Population and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Vancouver Costal Health Authority, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Mike Gagel
- Northern Health Authority, Prince George, BC, Canada
| | - Rakel Kling
- Northern Health Authority, Prince George, BC, Canada
| | - Silvina Mema
- School of Population and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Interior Health Authority, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - Hana Mitchell
- Vaccine Evaluation Center, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Ian Roe
- BC Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Gina Ogilvie
- School of Population and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Women's Health Research Institute, British Columbia Women's Hospital and Health Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- BC Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Manish Sadarangani
- Vaccine Evaluation Center, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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19
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Enea V, Eisenbeck N, Carreno DF, Douglas KM, Sutton RM, Agostini M, Bélanger JJ, Gützkow B, Kreienkamp J, Abakoumkin G, Abdul Khaiyom JH, Ahmedi V, Akkas H, Almenara CA, Atta M, Bagci SC, Basel S, Berisha Kida E, Bernardo ABI, Buttrick NR, Chobthamkit P, Choi HS, Cristea M, Csaba S, Damnjanovic K, Danyliuk I, Dash A, Di Santo D, Faller DG, Fitzsimons G, Gheorghiu A, Gómez Á, Grzymala-Moszczynska J, Hamaidia A, Han Q, Helmy M, Hudiyana J, Jeronimus BF, Jiang DY, Jovanović V, Kamenov Ž, Kende A, Keng SL, Kieu TTT, Koc Y, Kovyazina K, Kozytska I, Krause J, Kruglanski AW, Kurapov A, Kutlaca M, Lantos NA, Lemay EP, Lesmana CBJ, Louis WR, Lueders A, Malik NI, Martinez A, McCabe KO, Mehulić J, Milla MN, Mohammed I, Molinario E, Moyano M, Muhammad H, Mula S, Muluk H, Myroniuk S, Najafi R, Nisa CF, Nyúl B, O'Keefe PA, Osuna JJO, Osin EN, Park J, Pica G, Pierro A, Rees J, Reitsema AM, Resta E, Rullo M, Ryan MK, Samekin A, Santtila P, Sasin E, Schumpe BM, Selim HA, Stanton MV, Sultana S, Tseliou E, Utsugi A, van Breen JA, Van Lissa CJ, Van Veen K, vanDellen MR, Vázquez A, Wollast R, Yeung VWL, Zand S, Žeželj IL, Zheng B, Zick A, Zúñiga C, Leander NP. Intentions to be Vaccinated Against COVID-19: The Role of Prosociality and Conspiracy Beliefs across 20 Countries. HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2023; 38:1530-1539. [PMID: 35081848 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2021.2018179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the determinants of COVID-19 vaccine uptake is important to inform policy decisions and plan vaccination campaigns. The aims of this research were to: (1) explore the individual- and country-level determinants of intentions to be vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2, and (2) examine worldwide variation in vaccination intentions. This cross-sectional online survey was conducted during the first wave of the pandemic, involving 6697 respondents across 20 countries. Results showed that 72.9% of participants reported positive intentions to be vaccinated against COVID-19, whereas 16.8% were undecided, and 10.3% reported they would not be vaccinated. At the individual level, prosociality was a significant positive predictor of vaccination intentions, whereas generic beliefs in conspiracy theories and religiosity were negative predictors. Country-level determinants, including cultural dimensions of individualism/collectivism and power distance, were not significant predictors of vaccination intentions. Altogether, this study identifies individual-level predictors that are common across multiple countries, provides further evidence on the importance of combating conspiracy theories, involving religious institutions in vaccination campaigns, and stimulating prosocial motives to encourage vaccine uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violeta Enea
- Department of Psychology, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, Iasi
| | - Nikolett Eisenbeck
- Department of Personality, Evaluation andPsychological Treatment, Faculty of Psychology, University of Seville
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ben Gützkow
- Department of Psychology, University of Groningen
| | | | - Georgios Abakoumkin
- Laboratory of Psychology, Department of Early Childhood Education, University of Thessaly
| | | | | | - Handan Akkas
- Business Administration Dept., Ankara Science University
| | - Carlos A Almenara
- Faculty of Health Science, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas
| | - Mohsin Atta
- Department of Psychology, University of Sargodha
| | | | - Sima Basel
- Department of Social Sciences, New York University Abu Dhabi
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Sára Csaba
- Doctoral School of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University
| | | | - Ivan Danyliuk
- Department of Psychology, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv
| | - Arobindu Dash
- Institute of Management and Organization, Leuphana University of Luneburg
| | - Daniela Di Santo
- Department of Social and Developmental Psychology, University "La Sapienza", Rome
| | | | | | | | - Ángel Gómez
- Social and Organizational Psychology, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia
| | | | - Ali Hamaidia
- Psychology/ Research Unit Human Resources Development, Setif 2 University
| | - Qing Han
- The School of Psychological Science, University of Bristol
| | - Mai Helmy
- Department of Psychology, Sultan Qaboos University, Menoufia University
| | | | | | - Ding-Yu Jiang
- Department of Psychology, National Chung-Cheng University
| | | | - Željka Kamenov
- Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Zagreb
| | - Anna Kende
- Department of Social Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University
| | | | | | - Yasin Koc
- Department of Psychology, University of Groningen
| | | | - Inna Kozytska
- Department of Psychology, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv
| | | | | | - Anton Kurapov
- Department of Psychology, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv
| | | | | | - Edward P Lemay
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jasmina Mehulić
- Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Zagreb
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Silvana Mula
- Dipartimento dei Processi di Sviluppo e Socializzazione, University "La Sapienza, Rome
| | - Hamdi Muluk
- Department of Psychology, Universitas Indonesia
| | | | - Reza Najafi
- Department of Psychology, Islamic Azad University, Rasht Branch
| | | | - Boglárka Nyúl
- Department of Social Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University
| | - Paul A O'Keefe
- Division of Social Science, Yale-NUS College
- Department of Management and Organisation, National University of Singapore Business School
| | - Jose Javier Olivas Osuna
- Department of Political Science and Administration, National Distance Education University (UNED)
| | | | - Joonha Park
- Graduate School of Management, NUCB Business School
| | | | - Antonio Pierro
- Department of Social and Developmental Psychology, University "La Sapienza", Rome
| | - Jonas Rees
- Research Institute Social Cohesion, Institute for Interdisciplinary Research on Conflict and Violence, and Department of Social Psychology, University of Bielefeld
| | | | - Elena Resta
- Dipartimento dei Processi di Sviluppo e Socializzazione, University "La Sapienza, Rome
| | - Marika Rullo
- Department of Social, Political and Cognitive Sciences, University of Siena
| | - Michelle K Ryan
- Department of Psychology, University of Exeter
- Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Groningen
| | - Adil Samekin
- School of Liberal Arts, M. Narikbayev KAZGUU University Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
| | - Pekka Santtila
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences; NYU-ECNU Institute for Social Development, New York University Shanghai
| | - Edyta Sasin
- Department of Psychology, New York University Abu Dhabi
| | - Birga M Schumpe
- Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences, University of Amsterdam
| | | | | | | | - Eleftheria Tseliou
- Laboratory of Psychology, Department of Early Childhood Education, University of Thessaly
| | - Akira Utsugi
- Graduate School of Humanities, Nagoya University
| | | | | | | | | | - Alexandra Vázquez
- Social and Organizational Psychology, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia
| | - Robin Wollast
- Laboratoire de Psychologie Sociale et Cognitive, Université Clermont-Auvergne
| | | | - Somayeh Zand
- Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca
| | | | - Bang Zheng
- Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London
| | - Andreas Zick
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research on Conflict and Violence (IKG), Bielefeld University
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20
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Howard MC. Integrating the person-centered approach with the study of vaccine hesitancy: Applying latent profile analysis to identify vaccine hesitancy subpopulations and assess their relations with correlates and vaccination outcomes. Vaccine 2023:S0264-410X(23)00742-9. [PMID: 37357075 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.06.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
In scholarly and popular discussions of vaccine hesitancy, authors have repeatedly referred to different "types" of vaccine hesitant individuals; however, almost all modern research on vaccine hesitancy utilizes variable-centered approaches to identify the relation of variables rather than a person-centered approach to identify subpopulations, which suggests that a discrepancy exists between conceptual discussions and empirical research on vaccine hesitancy. For this reason, the current article conducts a latent profile analysis (LPA) on the dimensions of a well-supported vaccine hesitancy measure, which assess hesitancy towards vaccines in general. We also assess the relations of the resultant profiles (e.g., subpopulations) with relevant self-reported outcomes and correlates, wherein most of our outcomes are associated with COVID-19 and flu vaccines. Our LPA results support the existence of eight vaccine hesitancy profiles. The profile with the most unfavorable vaccination outcomes (e.g., willingness, receipt, and word-of-mouth) was associated with greater perceptions that vaccines cause health risks and unneeded when healthy; the profile with the most favorable vaccination outcomes was associated with low levels of all vaccine hesitancy dimensions. The other profiles produced a clear gradient between these two extremes. The profiles also differed regarding their standing on correlates, but the clearest difference was their relation with political orientation. Profiles with more unfavorable vaccination outcomes were associated with conservatism, whereas profiles with more favorable vaccinations outcomes were associated with liberalism. These results provide a new perspective for current understandings of vaccine hesitancy and open several avenues for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matt C Howard
- The University of South Alabama, Mitchell College of Business, United States.
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21
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Kim J, Han K, Chung SJ, Kim C. Psychometric validation of the Korean versions of the Vaccine Hesitancy Scale and Vaccination Attitudes Examination Scale. Vaccine 2023:S0264-410X(23)00721-1. [PMID: 37353453 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.06.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Strategies for reducing vaccine hesitancy and negative attitudes toward vaccination and measures to accurately assess them have been developed worldwide. The Vaccine Hesitancy Scale (VHS) and Vaccination Attitudes Examination Scale (VAX) are reliable and valid tools. This study evaluates the validity and reliability of the Korean versions of the Vaccine Hesitancy Scale (K-VHS) and Vaccination Attitudes Examination Scale (K-VAX). METHODS We translated the VHS and VAX into Korean using forward and backward translations and tested their psychometric attributes. We collected data from a sample of 2,292 Koreans, recruited in June 2021 from a large online panel using quotas for age and gender. We used content validity, construct validity with confirmatory factor analysis, concurrent validity, and convergent validity to assess the validity of the scales, and tested their reliability with evaluations of internal consistency and stability. RESULTS The K-VHS and K-VAX showed good model fits in the validity tests, with seven items for one factor and 12 items for four factors, respectively. The internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.94 for the K-VHS, and 0.86 for the K-VAX) and stability (ICC = 0.86 for the K-VHS, and 0.88 for the K-VAX) of the measures indicated that they are reliable. CONCLUSIONS Both tools are effective psychometric instruments for assessing vaccine hesitancy and vaccination attitudes in Korean adults. K-VHS and K-VAX would be useful for predicting vaccination behaviors in novel infectious disease contexts and communicating the evidence needed to develop related policies or programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieun Kim
- Chung-Ang University College of Nursing, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kihye Han
- Chung-Ang University College of Nursing, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Sophia J Chung
- Chung-Ang University College of Nursing, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chaehee Kim
- Chung-Ang University Graduate School Department of Nursing, Seoul, South Korea
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22
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Marvila Garcia É, Lima de Souza E, Penido Matozinhos F, Moreira Ribeiro da Silva T, Alves Waldman E, Sato APS. Associated factors with vaccine hesitancy in mothers of children up to two years old in a Brazilian city. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 3:e0002026. [PMID: 37289722 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0002026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to evaluate maternal vaccine hesitancy and its associated factors. This is a cross-sectional study of a probabilistic sample of 450 mothers of children born in 2015, living in a Brazilian city, and who was, at the time of data collection, more than two years old. We used the tool proposed by the World Health Organization (10-item Vaccine Hesitancy Scale). To assess its structure, we performed, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. We performed linear regression models to evaluate the factors associated with vaccine hesitancy. The factor analysis showed two components for the vaccine hesitancy scale: lack of confidence in vaccines and risk perception of vaccines. High family income was associated with lower vaccine hesitancy (greater confidence in vaccines and lower risk perception of vaccines), while the presence of other children, regardless of birth order, in the family was associated with lower confidence in vaccines. A good rapport with health professionals, willingness to wait for the vaccination and the getting vaccinated through campaigns were associated with greater confidence in vaccines. The deliberate delay or decision not to vaccinate their children and previous experience with adverse reactions to the vaccine were associated with lower confidence in vaccines and greater risk perception of vaccines. Health care providers, especially nurses, play a relevant role to address vaccine hesitancy, guiding vaccination through a trustworthy rapport.
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23
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Kreps SE, Kriner DL. Resistance to COVID-19 vaccination and the social contract: evidence from Italy. NPJ Vaccines 2023; 8:60. [PMID: 37087511 PMCID: PMC10122449 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-023-00660-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Confronted with stalled vaccination efforts against COVID-19, many governments embraced mandates and other measures to incentivize vaccination that excluded the unvaccinated from aspects of social and economic life. Even still, many citizens remained unvaccinated. We advance a social contract framework for understanding who remains unvaccinated and why. We leverage both observational and individual-level survey evidence from Italy to study the relationship between vaccination status and social context, social trust, political partisanship, and adherence to core institutional structures such as the rule of law and collective commitments. We find that attitudes toward the rule of law and collective commitments outside the domain of vaccination are strongly associated with compliance with vaccine mandates and incentives. Partisanship also corresponds with vaccine behaviors, as supporters of parties whose leaders criticized aggressive policies to incentivize or mandate vaccination and emphasized individual liberty are least likely to comply. Our findings suggest appeals emphasizing individual benefits may be more effective than appeals emphasizing collective responsibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Kreps
- Department of Government, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
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24
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Canada KE, Givens A, Huebner BM, Garcia-Hallett J, Taylor E, Inzana V, Edwards D, Peters CM, Plunkett Cafourek D. Perceptions of vaccine safety and hesitancy among incarcerated adults and correctional staff in the rural midwest. Vaccine X 2023; 13:100270. [PMID: 36852084 PMCID: PMC9958465 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvacx.2023.100270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives This project assessed vaccine hesitancy among staff and incarcerated adults in one rural medium-security prison in the Midwestern United States and identified differences in hesitancy across sociodemographic and work-related variables. Methods 610 prison staff and people incarcerated completed a cross-sectional survey in May 2021. The vaccine hesitancy scale (VHS) identified perceived risk and confidence in vaccination. A single item assessed whether people typically follow public health protocols in the prison. A combination of analyses was utilized, including ANOVA, Chi-Square, and Pearson's correlation. Results Vaccine hesitancy was moderate to high for both populations. Incarcerated people had more confidence in vaccination than staff; differences did not reach statistical significance. Incarcerated people had statistically significantly higher perceptions of risk compared to staff. Both populations reported doing their best to follow public health protocols. For both populations, vaccine hesitancy varied by education and veteran status. Among staff, hesitancy varied by gender and political beliefs. For people incarcerated, it varied by pre-incarceration income and visit frequency. Conclusions Results support the need for public health policy and procedural interventions to reduce hesitancy towards vaccination in correctional settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelli E Canada
- University of Missouri, School of Social Work, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Ashley Givens
- University of Missouri, School of Social Work, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Beth M Huebner
- Arizona State University, School of Criminology & Criminal Justice, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Janet Garcia-Hallett
- University of New Haven, Henry C. Lee College of Criminal Justice & Forensic Sciences, West Haven, CT, United States
| | - Elizabeth Taylor
- University of Missouri, School of Social Work, Columbia, MO, United States
| | | | - Daniel Edwards
- Missouri Department of Corrections, Jefferson City, MO, United States
| | - Clark M Peters
- University of Missouri, School of Social Work, Columbia, MO, United States
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25
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Grossman-Giron A, Tzur Bitan D, Shemesh S, Mayer Y, Shiffman N, Bloch Y. COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy scale and its association with actual COVID-19 vaccine uptake in Israel. Vaccine 2023; 41:1567-1572. [PMID: 36725432 PMCID: PMC9868364 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.01.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The public's willingness to get vaccinated continues to be a source of concern. In this study we assessed the psychometric properties of the COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy scale (C19-VHS) as well as the association between the scale and self-reported past COVID-19 vaccination, approximately two weeks after the national vaccine distribution plan was launched in Israel. METHODS Participants were recruited via an online survey distributed through social media platforms and mailing lists. A total of 650 individuals completed the C19-VHS, the general vaccine hesitancy scale, and the fear of COVID-19 scale, and reported on demographic and pandemic-related characteristics. Principal component and Cronbach's alpha analyses were performed to assess the factor structure and reliability of the scale. Logistic regressions were employed to assess the scale's convergent and discriminative validity. RESULTS Two factors pertaining to "lack of confidence" (Factor 1) and "risk perception" (Factor 2) emerged. Cronbach's alpha indicated good reliability of Factor 1 (0.93), with lower reliability of Factor 2 (0.72). Younger age was associated with higher risk perception, with women showing less confidence and perceiving greater risks. Lower hesitancy significantly predicted actual COVID-19 vaccine uptake after adjusting for demographic and pandemic-related factors (OR = 1.16, 95%CI 1.11-1.21, p <.001). Older age, being a woman, and receiving the flu vaccine in the past year were also predictive of COVID-19 vaccine uptake. DISCUSSION The C19-VHS measure shows robust psychometric properties and is associated with actual vaccine uptake. Future studies assessing COVID-19 vaccination attitudes may utilize this scale to assess current COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in different contexts and cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariella Grossman-Giron
- Department of Behavioral Sciences, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel; Shalvata Mental Health Center, Hod Hasharon, affiliated with the Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Israel
| | - Dana Tzur Bitan
- Department of Behavioral Sciences, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel; Shalvata Mental Health Center, Hod Hasharon, affiliated with the Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Israel.
| | - Sharon Shemesh
- Shalvata Mental Health Center, Hod Hasharon, affiliated with the Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Israel
| | - Yael Mayer
- Department of Counseling and Human Development, Faculty of Education, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Noga Shiffman
- Shalvata Mental Health Center, Hod Hasharon, affiliated with the Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Israel
| | - Yuval Bloch
- Shalvata Mental Health Center, Hod Hasharon, affiliated with the Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Israel; Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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26
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Howard MC. Relation of Personal Characteristics with Human Papillomavirus Vaccination Outcomes: Assessing the Mediating Role of Vaccine Hesitancy Dimensions. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SEXUAL HEALTH : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE WORLD ASSOCIATION FOR SEXUAL HEALTH 2023; 35:167-180. [PMID: 38596759 PMCID: PMC10903565 DOI: 10.1080/19317611.2023.2180127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Recent findings suggest that the rate of certain cancers can be reduced by increasing human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination coverage, resulting in considerable research interest on the antecedents of HPV vaccine receipt to identify avenues to promote vaccination. The current article continues this stream of research by (1) studying the three HPV vaccination outcomes of willingness, receipt, and word-of-mouth, (2) investigating the antecedent effects of sociodemographic characteristics, health insurance status, provider conversation, and political orientation, and (3) testing the mediating role of vaccine hesitancy dimensions using a recently developed conceptualization. We achieve these goals by conducting a cross-sectional study with 404 participants (Agemean = 37.64; AgeSD = 14.91; 57% female; 72% white; 100% located in U.S.). Our results show that provider conversations and political orientation had the most consistent and strong effects of the personal characteristics, whereas perceptions that vaccines pose health risks and perceptions that vaccines are not needed for healthy individuals produced the most consistent and strong effects of the vaccine hesitancy dimensions. Other personal characteristics and vaccine hesitancy dimensions also produced intermittent significant effects, including age, education, and race. Together, these results support that personal characteristics and vaccine hesitancy dimensions relate to a broader range of outcomes associated with HPV vaccination than previously known, and these results also support that the recently developed conceptualization of vaccine hesitancy is apt for understanding HPV vaccine perceptions. Our discussion concludes with highlighting avenues for future research and practice that can leverage our discovered relations to improve HPV vaccination outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matt C. Howard
- Mitchell College of Business, The University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA
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27
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Hori D, Takahashi T, Kaneda Y, Ozaki A, Tabuchi T. The influence of information sources on intention changes to receive COVID-19 vaccination: A prospective cohort study in Japan. Environ Health Prev Med 2023; 28:10. [PMID: 36725028 PMCID: PMC9922561 DOI: 10.1265/ehpm.22-00266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Before the COVID-19 vaccine became available, many Japanese people were undecided about whether or not to receive them. Their decisions were keys to achieving herd immunity. The impact of the type of information source on the COVID-19 vaccine uptake decision-making process remains unclear. We aimed to investigate the association between information source usage on COVID-19 and subsequent vaccine uptake status among those who have yet to decide whether to receive vaccines from non-prioritized people for vaccination. METHODS Prospective cohort online self-administered surveys were conducted in February 2021 (T1), before the start of the mass vaccination program, and September-October 2021 (T2), when the vaccines were available to all citizens. The survey's target population was registered monitors of an Internet research company. Participants who answered "I want to get vaccinated after waiting to see how it goes." at T1 were eligible for analysis. The outcome variable was the COVID-19 vaccine uptake status in T2, and the predictors were 20 types of information sources, categorized based on people (family members, etc.), institutions (governments, etc.), or media (TV news, etc.). Adjusted odds ratio and 95% confidence intervals were estimated using logistic regression adjusted for possible confounders. RESULTS The 5,139 respondents, mean age and standard deviation was 42.8 ± 12.5, 55.7% female, were eligible for analysis. 85.7% completed vaccination (including reserved/intended people) in T2. In the multivariate logistic analysis, odds ratios (95% confidence interval) for vaccine uptake were 1.49 (1.18-1.89) for workplaces/schools, 1.81 (1.33-2.47) for LINE, 0.69 (0.55-0.86) for Internet news and 0.62 (0.48-0.82) for video sharing sites. CONCLUSIONS The type of information source usage played an important role in the decision to vaccinate against COVID-19. Although caution is needed in interpreting the results, obtaining information from workplaces/schools and LINE was influential in promoting immunization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Hori
- Occupational and Aerospace Psychiatry Group, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Takahashi
- Occupational and Aerospace Psychiatry Group, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Yudai Kaneda
- School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8638, Japan
| | - Akihiko Ozaki
- Department of Breast Surgery, Jyoban Hospital of Tokiwa Foundation, Iwaki, Fukushima 972-8322, Japan
| | - Takahiro Tabuchi
- Cancer Control Center, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Osaka 541-8567, Japan
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Xiao N, Xu X, Ma Z, Yu X, Feng Y, Li B, Liu Y, He G, Fan J, Li B, Zhao X. Sleep quality was associated with adverse reactions after coronavirus disease 2019 vaccination among healthcare workers: A longitudinal paired study. Front Behav Neurosci 2023; 16:867650. [PMID: 36688124 PMCID: PMC9845944 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.867650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Many countries have currently relied on various types of vaccines for the public to control the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The adverse reactions (ARs) after vaccination may affect vaccination coverage and confidence. However, whether sleep quality was associated with ARs after vaccination remains unclear. Methods We designed a longitudinal paired study within a hospital setting. We collected data about the side effects within 7 days after two doses of scheduled vaccination among healthcare workers (HCWs). All HCWs were asked to complete a sleep survey indexed by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) before vaccination and after a 1-month follow-up. Then, we explored the relationship between sleep quality before or after vaccination and the occurrence of ARs. Results A total of 345 HCWs were recruited to receive COVID-19 vaccination. The sleep quality became worse after vaccination. All local and systemic reactions were mild or moderate in severity (32.46%), and no serious adverse event was reported. Binary logistic regression showed participants with poor sleep quality (PSQI > 5) than good sleep quality (PSQI ≤ 5) before the two doses of vaccination, respectively, exhibited 1.515 and 1.107 times risk of ARs after each vaccination (both p < 0.001). Conclusion There is an apparently complex bidirectional relationship between sleep quality and COVID-19 vaccination adverse effects. Poor sleep quality significantly increases the risk of mild ARs after vaccination, while vaccination may cause a temporary decline in sleep quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Xiao
- Department of Health Management Center and Institute of Health Management, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Xingli Xu
- Ultrasound in Cardiac Electrophysiology and Biomechanics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhiyue Ma
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoxu Yu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Yong Feng
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Bilan Li
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuping Liu
- Department of Health Management Center and Institute of Health Management, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Gang He
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiangang Fan
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China,Jiangang Fan,
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China,Bin Li,
| | - Xiaolong Zhao
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China,*Correspondence: Xiaolong Zhao,
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29
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Wei Z, Liu Y, Zhang L, Sun X, Jiang Q, Li Z, Wu Y, Fu C. Stages of HPV Vaccine Hesitancy Among Guardians of Female Secondary School Students in China. J Adolesc Health 2023; 72:73-79. [PMID: 36229401 PMCID: PMC9746349 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2022.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Female secondary school students are the primary recommended population for human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines. However, vaccine hesitancy may affect uptake. In this study, we assessed the vaccine hesitancy levels among the guardians of female secondary school students in China. METHODS We developed a questionnaire and conducted cross-sectional surveys among guardians of secondary school girls aged 12-19 years in mainland China based on the Increasing Vaccination Model and the Precaution Adoption Process Model. RESULTS We collected 3,225 valid samples. Among the participating guardians, 53.9% were vaccine hesitant, although only 0.9% had refused HPV vaccines. Some individual characteristics of guardians (e.g. sex, education/income level) were associated with understanding HPV vaccines. Better knowledge of HPV vaccines and communication with reliable sources of information were associated with vaccine nonhesitancy. Practical barriers such as vaccine shortage and busy schedules prevented nonhesitant guardians from vaccinating their children. DISCUSSION A substantial proportion of the guardians surveyed were HPV vaccine hesitant. Promoting HPV knowledge and communication with reliable sources (e.g. clinical doctors) could help fight against vaccine hesitancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Wei
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Vaccine, School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Bloomsbury, London, England, UK,Centre for Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Bloomsbury, London, England, UK
| | - Liuren Zhang
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Vaccine, School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiu Sun
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Vaccine, School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qijing Jiang
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Vaccine, School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhenwei Li
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Vaccine, School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yue Wu
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Vaccine, School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chuanxi Fu
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Vaccine, School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.
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30
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Cao M, Zhao J, Huang C, Wang X, Ye L, Han X, Yu W, Yin Z, Zhang J, Liu Y. Assessing vaccine hesitancy using the WHO scale for caregivers of children under 3 years old in China. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1090609. [PMID: 37124767 PMCID: PMC10130458 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1090609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Vaccine hesitancy may increase infectious disease burden and impede disease control efforts, while few studies have measured such a phenomenon with a standardized tool in China. This study aimed to test the validation of the Vaccine Hesitancy Scale (VHS) developed by the WHO SAGE Working Group among caregivers and examine demographic characteristics associated with caregiver hesitancy in six provinces of China. Methods Using a multistage sampling design, this study was conducted in 36 immunization clinics in six provinces from December 2019 to August 2020. Caregivers of children aged 0-3 years were included. The VHS was used to assess vaccine hesitancy. The construct validity and internal consistency of the scale were assessed. Associations between caregivers' characteristics and vaccine hesitancy were examined by simple and multiple linear regression models. Results Of the 3,359 participants included, a two-factor structure within the scale was identified, consisting of "lack of confidence" (1.89 ± 0.53) and "risks" (3.20 ± 0.75). Caregivers engaged in medical work expressed more confidence and were less concerned about risks compared to those of non-medical staff (p < 0.05). Participants with higher income levels were more confident (p < 0.05), while those surveyed after the COVID-19 pandemic, who were mothers, who had an older child, or who were raising a second or above birth child, had less concern about risks (p < 0.05). Discussion We found that the VHS had acceptable reliability and construct validity and caregivers' hesitancy was driven more by concerns about risks than by the lack of confidence. Countering these concerns will be particularly important among non-medical staff, lower income, child's fathers, having a younger child, or raising first-birth child groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Cao
- School of Health Policy and Management, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jinhong Zhao
- School of Health Policy and Management, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Cunrong Huang
- Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Xianglin Wang
- School of Health Policy and Management, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lihong Ye
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xueyan Han
- School of Health Policy and Management, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wenzhou Yu
- National Immunization Program, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Zundong Yin
- National Immunization Program, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Juan Zhang
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Juan Zhang, ; Yuanli Liu,
| | - Yuanli Liu
- School of Health Policy and Management, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Juan Zhang, ; Yuanli Liu,
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Gravelle TB, Phillips JB, Reifler J, Scotto TJ. Estimating the size of "anti-vax" and vaccine hesitant populations in the US, UK, and Canada: comparative latent class modeling of vaccine attitudes. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2022; 18:2008214. [PMID: 35349385 PMCID: PMC9009899 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2021.2008214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccine hesitancy is a significant impediment to global efforts to vaccinate against the SARS-CoV-2 virus at levels that generate herd immunity. In this article, we show the utility of an inductive approach - latent class analysis (LCA) - that allows us to characterize the size and nature of different vaccine attitude groups; and to compare how these groups differ across countries as well as across demographic subgroups within countries. We perform this analysis using original survey data collected in the US, UK, and Canada. We also show that these classes are strongly associated with SARS-CoV-2 vaccination intent and perceptions of the efficacy and safety of the COVID-19 vaccines, suggesting that attitudes about vaccines to fight the novel coronavirus pandemic are well explained by latent vaccine attitudes that precede the pandemic. More specifically, we find four substantive classes of vaccine attitudes: strong supporters, supporters with concerns, vaccine hesitant, and "anti-vax" as well as a fifth measurement error class. The strong "anti-vax" sentiment class is small in all three countries, while the strong supporter class is the largest across all three countries. We observe different distributions of class assignments in different demographic groups - most notably education and political leaning (partisanship and ideology).
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy B Gravelle
- Momentive, Aurora, Canada.,Laurier Institute for the Study of Public Opinion and Policy, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, Canada
| | | | - Jason Reifler
- Department of Politics, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Thomas J Scotto
- School of Political and Social Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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Düzgün MV, İşler Dalgıç A. The Effect of Interventions on the Prevention of Parental Vaccine Refusal and Hesitancy: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. GÜNCEL PEDIATRI 2022. [DOI: 10.4274/jcp.2022.13334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Bok S, Martin D, Acosta E, Shum J, Harvie J, Lee M. Psychometric development of the COVID-19 vaccine misinformation scale and effects on vaccine hesitancy. Prev Med Rep 2022; 31:102087. [PMID: 36505271 PMCID: PMC9722623 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2022.102087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
To help inform post-COVID-19 pandemic practical health policies, the researchers created the COVID-19 vaccine misinformation scale (CVMS). During the COVID-19 pandemic, falsehoods spread online which casted doubt and concerns about the vaccine. Example misconceptions included vaccination leads to greater vulnerability to other illness and would alter someone's DNA. The researchers performed two large surveys with U.S. participants. The researchers reviewed debunked COVID-19 vaccine falsehoods online. Construction of the CVMS followed standard psychometric scale development steps. Statistical analysis provided support for the 10-item CVMS with satisfactory reliability, discriminant validity, and convergent validity. Predictive validity regression analysis demonstrated the CVMS associated with higher vaccine hesitancy. The prevalence of vaccine misbeliefs broadened pandemic healthcare challenges. On top of existing duties, healthcare workers had to explain vaccine efficacy and safety to dispel fallacies. The researchers discuss implications for the CVMS within the context of motivated reasoning theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Bok
- Department of Marketing, College of Business and Economics, California State University, East Bay, Hayward, CA, USA
- Corresponding author.
| | - Daniel Martin
- Department of Management, College of Business and Economics, California State University, East Bay, Hayward, CA, USA
| | - Erik Acosta
- California State University, East Bay, Hayward, CA, USA
| | - James Shum
- Golden Gate University, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jason Harvie
- California State University, East Bay, Hayward, CA, USA
| | - Maria Lee
- Nutritional Therapist, NTP, CMT, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
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Mohsin M, Mahmud S, Uddin Mian A, Hasan P, Muyeed A, Taif Ali M, Faysal Ahmed F, Islam A, Maliha Rahman M, Islam M, Rahaman Khan MH, Shafiqur Rahman M. Side effects of COVID-19 vaccines and perceptions about COVID-19 and its vaccines in Bangladesh: A Cross-sectional study. Vaccine X 2022; 12:100207. [PMID: 36032698 PMCID: PMC9394094 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvacx.2022.100207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Significant COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy exists globally, mainly due to safety concerns. This study analyzed the side effects of COVID-19 vaccines in Bangladesh. Less than half of those who received a COVID-19 vaccine experienced side effects. The side effects were mild and regular and lasted 1–3 days only. The findings demonstrate the safety of the COVID-19 vaccines.
Objective Results Conclusion
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Mohsin
- Institute of Statistical Research and Training, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
- Corresponding author.
| | - Sultan Mahmud
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR, B), Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
| | | | | | - Abdul Muyeed
- Department of Statistics, Jatiya Kabi Kazi Nazrul Islam University, Trishal, Mymensingh 2224, Bangladesh
| | | | - Fee Faysal Ahmed
- Department of Mathematics, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore 7408, Bangladesh
| | | | - Maisha Maliha Rahman
- Institute of Statistical Research and Training, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Mahfuza Islam
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR, B), Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
| | | | - M. Shafiqur Rahman
- Institute of Statistical Research and Training, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
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Bussink-Voorend D, Hautvast JLA, Vandeberg L, Visser O, Hulscher MEJL. A systematic literature review to clarify the concept of vaccine hesitancy. Nat Hum Behav 2022; 6:1634-1648. [PMID: 35995837 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-022-01431-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Vaccine hesitancy (VH) is considered a top-10 global health threat. The concept of VH has been described and applied inconsistently. This systematic review aims to clarify VH by analysing how it is operationalized. We searched PubMed, Embase and PsycINFO databases on 14 January 2022. We selected 422 studies containing operationalizations of VH for inclusion. One limitation is that studies of lower quality were not excluded. Our qualitative analysis reveals that VH is conceptualized as involving (1) cognitions or affect, (2) behaviour and (3) decision making. A wide variety of methods have been used to measure VH. Our findings indicate the varied and confusing use of the term VH, leading to an impracticable concept. We propose that VH should be defined as a state of indecisiveness regarding a vaccination decision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daphne Bussink-Voorend
- Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Primary and Community Care, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - Jeannine L A Hautvast
- Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Primary and Community Care, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Lisa Vandeberg
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Olga Visser
- Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Primary and Community Care, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Marlies E J L Hulscher
- Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, IQ Healthcare, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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Sythes L, Bedford H. Motherhood and vaccine refusal in the United Kingdom: A new examination of gender, identity and the journey to contemporary non-vaccination. Child Care Health Dev 2022; 48:979-989. [PMID: 35075672 DOI: 10.1111/cch.12976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Contemporary research into non-vaccination has highlighted some of the attitudes, beliefs and characteristics of non-vaccinating parents with recent research also beginning to examine the journey to non-vaccination. However, the interaction between gender, identity and non-vaccination is less well understood, as well as the non-vaccination journey for parents in the United Kingdom. METHODS Using purposive sampling, we recruited mothers who have rejected some or all of their child's routine vaccinations in the last 5-10 years. Semi- structured interviews were conducted by phone in late 2020 and analysed using thematic analysis. RESULTS Ten mothers were interviewed. They differed in socio-economic, educational and cultural backgrounds, yet all wanted the same thing: to have happy and healthy children, a goal which they saw as their responsibility and within their control and did not include vaccination. Within this shared parenting priority, identities varied considerably. Most mothers strongly rejected the label or identity of 'anti-vaxxer', preferring alternative terms with less negative social connotations. The decision not to vaccinate was predominantly made by mothers, describing a dynamic where mothers (rather than fathers/partners) were clearly responsible for their children's health, but this largely appeared to be internalized as the mother's role. CONCLUSIONS The heterogeneity of mother's identities within the non-vaccination movement and the pressures on mothers to raise children with 'optimum health' explored in this study suggest that non-vaccination is a largely individual choice that requires nuanced and compassionate engagement to understand the root causes behind this decision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Sythes
- Department of Arts and Sciences, UCL, London, UK
| | - Helen Bedford
- Children's Health, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
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Muacevic A, Adler JR, Chania HA, Sajid S, Hotwani S, Sarwar HU, Nawaz S, Abid S. Reactogenicity of COVID-19 Vaccines in Patients With a History of COVID-19 Infection: A Survey Conducted in Pakistan. Cureus 2022; 14:e31359. [PMID: 36514568 PMCID: PMC9741751 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.31359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction As coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) immunizations become more common, concerns about their safety and reactogenicity have grown. It is important to assess and analyze the post-vaccination side effects of several COVID-19 vaccines that have been licensed in Pakistan. Methods and results A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted between October 2021 and January 2022 to collect data on the side effects produced by different COVID-19 vaccines. An online survey was conducted to gather data on participants' demographics, clinical profiles, COVID-19 profiles as well as the intensity and side effects of COVID-19 vaccines. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY) was used to analyze the data collected. Out of 421 participants, 63.2% were males, 36.8% of participants received messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccine, 33.2% received viral vector vaccine, 29.9% received inactivated vaccine, and further 71.7% of the total subjects were completely immunized. The majority of the symptoms were mild to moderate in degree. Approximately, 0.7% of the individuals reported experiencing serious adverse effects. Injection site pain (35.9%) was noted to be the most remarkable post-vaccination side effect followed by fever (33.2%) and fatigue (23.1%). Prior COVID-19 infection was not associated with the severity of any COVID-19 vaccine-related side effect (p > 0.05), except dyspnea. Younger participants and the female gender were substantially linked to post-vaccination adverse effects. Conclusion In comparison to viral vector and inactivated vaccines, our data suggest that the mRNA-based vaccination causes more severe adverse effects, and the majority of them were mild to moderate in severity. Participants who had previously contracted COVID-19 were not at a higher risk of developing additional vaccine-related side effects.
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38
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The Assessment of the Reliability and Validity of the Polish Version of the Adult Vaccine Hesitancy Scale (PL-aVHS) in the Context of Attitudes toward COVID-19 Vaccination. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10101666. [PMID: 36298531 PMCID: PMC9609930 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10101666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccine hesitancy has become a pivotal consideration in assessing society's readiness to accept recommended vaccination programs. The role of vaccination as a preventive measure during great epidemic challenges cannot be overestimated. On the other hand, the overwhelming flow of misinformation and attitudes resulting from denialism may have a profoundly harmful effect on the acceptance of preventive interventions. The adult Vaccine Hesitancy Scale (aVHS) is a result of efforts to develop a tool that will be relevant to the views about vaccination in the general adult population. It was derived from the Vaccine Hesitancy Scale (VHS), initially developed by researchers attempting to assess the opinions and attitudes of parents. This study's main aim was to determine the reliability and validity of the Polish version of aVHS (PL-aVHS). We have also analyzed whether the scale can feasibly predict the COVID-19 vaccination status of respondents. The analysis was performed on data originating from a computer-based web-interviewing (CAWI) survey of 2008 adult Internet users. It included the analysis of internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and hypotheses testing. Exploratory (EFA) and confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) were performed on the subsets generated by randomly splitting the initial survey data. We have found that the scale has excellent internal consistency (Cronbach α = 0.935), acceptable levels of inter-item bivariate correlations, and good test-retest reliability (interclass correlation coefficient, ICC = 0.843). The EFA revealed that the tool has a two-factor latent structure; however, similar loadings of item 10 to both factors spoke for its exclusion from the model. Two extracted factors were responsible for 68.90% of the variance after rotation based on the maximum likelihood method. The CFA showed that the best fit of the model to measurement data was obtained for the two-factor model after excluding item 10. All seven fit indexes calculated in the analysis suggested at least an acceptable fit. In conclusion, the assessment of the PL-aVHS revealed good reliability and validity of the instrument. Furthermore, we have obtained similar EFA results as reported for the English version of the tool. Finally, to our knowledge, it is one of a few tools available in Polish for the measurement of vaccine-related attitudes.
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Perrone C, Fiabane E, Maffoni M, Pierobon A, Setti I, Sommovigo V, Gabanelli P. Vaccination hesitancy: To be vaccinated, or not to be vaccinated, that is the question in the era of COVID-19. Public Health Nurs 2022; 40:90-96. [PMID: 36168152 PMCID: PMC9538072 DOI: 10.1111/phn.13134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy poses serious challenges in achieving adequate vaccine coverage in the general population. While most studies on vaccine hesitance determinants during the COVID-19 pandemic were quantitative, qualitative research on the reasons for vaccine resistance is still lacking. To fill this gap, this study aims to qualitatively investigate cognitive and emotional factors associated with COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy. This qualitative pilot study was conducted between October and November 2021 in Italy. A total of 40 COVID-19 vaccine-hesitant ("hesitant not vaccinated" or "hesitant but vaccinated") individuals completed anonymous questionnaires with open-ended questions. Data were analysed using the Interpretive Description approach. The central theme that emerged about vaccine hesitancy was the lack of control. This construct included four different sub-categories: distrust of the government, infodemic, influence of family, and general anti-vaccine opinions. The results also showed that the most important emotional and cognitive factors associated with hesitancy were anger related to a perceived sense of oppression; emotional avoidance to minimize risk; anxiety related to potential vaccine side effects. Identifying and understanding factors influencing COVID-19 vaccination hesitancy is crucial to improving communication strategies that will ultimately result in increased confidence and vaccine acceptance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Perrone
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCSPsychology Unit of Pavia InstitutePaviaItaly
| | - Elena Fiabane
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici MaugeriDepartment of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine of Nervi InstituteGenovaItaly
| | - Marina Maffoni
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCSPsychology Unit of MontescanoMontescanoItaly
| | - Antonia Pierobon
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCSPsychology Unit of MontescanoMontescanoItaly
| | - Ilaria Setti
- Department of Brain and Behavioural SciencesUnit of Applied PsychologyUniversity of PaviaPaviaItaly
| | - Valentina Sommovigo
- Department of PsychologyFaculty of Medicine and PsychologySapienza University of RomeRomaItaly
| | - Paola Gabanelli
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCSPsychology Unit of Pavia InstitutePaviaItaly
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40
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Hrin ML, Emmerich VK, Ip EH, Feldman SR. Development and validation of a COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy scale for adults in the United States. Vaccine 2022; 40:5764-5768. [PMID: 36058793 PMCID: PMC9428594 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.08.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
COVID-19 vaccines have been rapidly developed. However, widespread uptake remains a hurdle to a successful pandemic response. A simple, user-friendly survey to measure vaccine hesitancy may facilitate development of interventions aimed at maximizing vaccination. We developed a novel 10-item instrument designed to measure COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in adults in the United States. We recruited 232 participants through Amazon's Mechanical Turk, an online crowdsourcing platform. The internal consistency (Cronbach's α = 0.89) and temporal stability (r = 0.87; p < 0.001) of our survey was strong. Lower hesitancy (high scores) was associated with higher trust in physicians (r = 0.58; p < 0.001), and higher hesitancy (low scores) was reported with higher belief in conspiracies (r = -0.68; p < 0.001). The correlation between low hesitancy and reported intent to receive (or history of receiving) at least one dose of the COVID-19 vaccine was moderate-strong (r = 0.68; p < 0.001).
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew L Hrin
- Center for Dermatology Research, Department of Dermatology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States.
| | - Veronica K Emmerich
- Center for Dermatology Research, Department of Dermatology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Edward H Ip
- Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Steven R Feldman
- Center for Dermatology Research, Department of Dermatology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States; Department of Pathology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States; Department of Social Sciences & Health Policy, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States; Department of Dermatology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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Afrifa-Anane GF, Larbi RT, Addo B, Agyekum MW, Kyei-Arthur F, Appiah M, Agyemang CO, Sakada IG. Facilitators and barriers to COVID-19 vaccine uptake among women in two regions of Ghana: A qualitative study. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0272876. [PMID: 35976969 PMCID: PMC9385066 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0272876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Although COVID-19 vaccines are available, evidence suggests that several factors hinder or facilitate their use. Several studies have found gender differences in COVID-19 vaccine uptake, with women less likely to vaccinate than men in many countries, including Ghana. These studies, however, have primarily been quantitative. This study used a qualitative approach to examine the facilitators and barriers to vaccine uptake among women in Ghana. Using a cross-sectional descriptive qualitative research design, 30 women in the Greater Accra and Ashanti regions of Ghana were conveniently sampled and interviewed using a semi-structured interview guide. Fifteen (15) interviews were conducted in each region. The data were transcribed verbatim and analysed thematically using QSR NVivo version 10 software. Among the key factors that facilitate COVID-19 vaccination are the desire to protect oneself and family against COVID-19, education about COVID-19 vaccines, seeing others receive the COVID-19 vaccine, and vaccine being cost-free. On the other hand, long queues at the vaccination centres, fear of side effects, misconceptions about the vaccines, and shortage of vaccines were the main barriers against COVID-19 vaccination. The study results show that individual, institutional, and vaccine-related factors facilitate or hinder COVID-19 vaccination among women. Addressing these factors need continuous comprehensive health education, and ensuring vaccine availability at vaccination sites will improve women’s uptake of the COVID-19 vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Frempong Afrifa-Anane
- Department of Environment and Public Health, University of Environment and Sustainable Development, Somanya, Ghana
| | - Reuben Tete Larbi
- Regional Institute for Population Studies, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
| | - Bright Addo
- Department of Sociology and Social Work, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Martin Wiredu Agyekum
- Institute for Educational Research and Innovation Studies, University of Education, Winneba, Ghana
| | - Frank Kyei-Arthur
- Department of Environment and Public Health, University of Environment and Sustainable Development, Somanya, Ghana
- * E-mail:
| | - Margaret Appiah
- Department of Environment and Public Health, University of Environment and Sustainable Development, Somanya, Ghana
| | | | - Ignatius Great Sakada
- Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
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Schmidtke KA, Kudrna L, Noufaily A, Stallard N, Skrybant M, Russell S, Clarke A. Evaluating the relationship between moral values and vaccine hesitancy in Great Britain during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional survey. Soc Sci Med 2022; 308:115218. [PMID: 35870299 PMCID: PMC9281411 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2022.115218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
RATIONAL/OBJECTIVE Mandating vaccinations can harm public trust, and informational interventions can backfire. An alternative approach could align pro-vaccination messages with the automatic moral values and intuitions that vaccine-hesitant people endorse. The current study evaluates the relationships between six automatic moral intuitions and vaccine hesitancy. METHODS A cross-sectional survey was designed using Qualtrics (2020) software and conducted online from April 6th to April 13, 2021. A representative sample of 1201 people living in Great Britain took part, of which 954 (514 female) passed the attention check items. Participants responded to items about their automatic moral intuitions, vaccination behaviours or intentions related to COVID-19 vaccines, and general vaccine hesitancy. Regressions (with and without adjustments for age, gender, and ethnicity) were performed assessing the association between endorsement of each automatic intuition and self-reported uptake of COVID-19 vaccines, and between each automatic intuition and general vaccine hesitancy. RESULTS People who endorsed the authority foundation and those who more strongly endorsed the liberty foundation tended to be more vaccine hesitant. This pattern generalises across people's self-reported uptake of COVID-19 vaccines and people's hesitancy towards vaccines in general. To a lesser extent people who expressed less need for care and a greater need for sanctity also displayed greater hesitancy towards vaccines in general. The results were consistent across the adjusted and non-adjusted analyses. Age and ethnicity significantly contributed to some models but gender did not. CONCLUSION Four automatic moral intuitions (authority, liberty, care, and sanctity) were significantly associated with vaccine hesitancy. Foundation-aligned messages could be developed to motivate those people who may otherwise refuse vaccines, e.g., messages that strongly promote liberty or that de-emphasize authority voices. This suggestion moves away from mandates and promotes the inclusion of a more diverse range of voices in pro-vaccination campaigns.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura Kudrna
- University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom.
| | | | - Nigel Stallard
- University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom.
| | - Magdalena Skrybant
- University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom.
| | - Samantha Russell
- University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom.
| | - Aileen Clarke
- University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom.
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Ashwell D, Cullinane J, Croucher SM. COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and patient self-advocacy: a statistical analysis of those who can and can't get vaccinated. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:1296. [PMID: 35790942 PMCID: PMC9255840 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-13661-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study applies the Patient Self-Advocacy scale to investigate vaccine hesitancy in New Zealand. Due to New Zealand’s very limited tertiary hospital system and vulnerable populations, the Government’s strategy to address COVID-19 has been to prevent the virus from entering the nation and to eliminate it when it does cross the border. Therefore, there is no opportunity for the nation to generate any acquired immunity through exposure. To transition from closed borders, New Zealand will need to run a highly successful national vaccination programme and this needs to have the ability to drive influential public health messaging to the targeted places within the communities where vaccine hesitancy most exists. Methods This study employed statistical methods. A nationally representative survey of adults in New Zealand (n = 1852) was collected via Qualtrics. Independent samples t-tests, and multiple regression were used to explore the research questions. Results Those who identify as medically able to be vaccinated expressed significantly higher confidence in the COVID-19 vaccine than those who identified as unable to be vaccinated. Patient-self advocacy had a positive effect on vaccine confidence. Individuals who identify as able to be vaccinated have less hesitancy. Demographics had various effects on vaccine hesitancy. Conclusion The research highlights particularly important insights into vaccine hesitancy related to patient self-advocacy behaviours, and various demographic variables such as political affiliation. In addition, the research adds further clarity on how and why New Zealanders have responded to the COVID-vaccine. Finally, the importance of vaccine literacy is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas Ashwell
- School of Communication, Journalism and Marketing, Massey University, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Joanna Cullinane
- Massey Business School, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Stephen M Croucher
- School of Communication, Journalism and Marketing, Massey University, Wellington, New Zealand.
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Knowledge and Attitude on Childhood Vaccination among Healthcare Workers in Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10071017. [PMID: 35891181 PMCID: PMC9318045 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10071017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Vaccine hesitancy is recognized as an important issue globally and healthcare workers (HCWs) have a powerful influence on the public. Recent studies have reported that there are increasing numbers of vaccine hesitancies among HCWs. This study was conducted to assess the knowledge and attitudes on childhood vaccinations among HCWs in Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (HUSM). (2) Methods: This is a cross-sectional study conducted among one hundred and ninety-eight HCWs in HUSM, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan who were selected via convenient sampling. Data on their socio-demographic details, working experience, and main source of information regarding childhood vaccination were collected. A validated, Malay version of the knowledge and attitude on childhood vaccination (KACV) questionnaire was used during the study. (3) Results: Female (OR (95% CI):3.15, (1.39, 7.12), p < 0.05) and a higher education level (degree and above) (OR (95% CI): 2.36 (1.14, 4.89), p < 0.05) are significantly associated with good knowledge. Respondents with a history of side effects of the vaccines among their relatives were about 66% less likely to have good knowledge (OR (95% CI): 0.342 (0.16, 0.73), p < 0.05). A positive attitude towards childhood vaccination was significantly associated with a higher level of education participants, who had significantly better knowledge than participants with a lower education level (OR (95% CI): 3.81, (1.92, 7.57), p < 0.001). On the contrary, participants having direct contact with patients were less likely to have a good attitude towards childhood vaccination (OR (95% CI): 0.207 (0.043, 0.10), p < 0.05), and those with a history of severe side effects of the vaccines among their relatives were also significantly associated with a poor attitude towards childhood vaccination (OR (95% CI: 0.342 (0.16, 0.76), p < 0.05).; (4) Conclusions: The survey findings showed a good level of knowledge and a good attitude of participants towards childhood vaccination. Good knowledge is important for the HCWs to have a favourable attitude to educate the general population on childhood vaccination.
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Longitudinal Predictors of Coronavirus-Related PTSD among Young Adults from Poland, Germany, Slovenia, and Israel. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19127207. [PMID: 35742455 PMCID: PMC9222994 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19127207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to reveal longitudinal predictors of coronavirus-related PTSD and the moderating roles of country, sex, age, and student status among young adults from Poland, Germany, Slovenia, and Israel. We included the following predictors: perceived stress, exposure to COVID-19, perceived impact of COVID-19 on well-being in socioeconomic status (PNIC-SES) and social relationships (PNIC-SR), fear of COVID-19, fear of vaccination, and trust in institutions. We conducted the study online among a representative sample of 1723 young adults aged 20–40 (M = 30.74, SD = 5.74) years in February 2021 (T1) and May–June 2021 (T2). We used McNemar’s χ2 and the paired samples Student’s t-test to test differences over time. We assessed the relationships between variables using Pearson’s correlation. We performed structural equation modeling (SEM) to examine the associations between variables at T1 and T2. We used a lagged regression model to examine the causal influences between variables across different time points (T1 and T2). The results showed that all variables decreased over time, except exposure to COVID-19. The rates of infected, tested, and under-quarantine participants increased. The rates of those who lost a job and experienced worsening economic status decreased. The rate of hospitalized participants and those experiencing the loss of close ones did not change. Higher perceived stress, fear of COVID-19, fear of vaccination, and trust in institutions were significant longitudinal predictors of coronavirus-related PTSD regardless of country, sex, age, and student status. Institutions should provide more accurate programs for public health, so trust in institutions can be a protective and not a risk factor in future traumatic events.
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46
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Skeens MA, Hill K, Olsavsky A, Buff K, Stevens J, Akard TF, Shah N, Gerhardt CA. Factors affecting COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in parents of children with cancer. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2022; 69:e29707. [PMID: 35384278 PMCID: PMC9088330 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.29707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AIM Little research exists on coronavirus (COVID-19) vaccine hesitancy among caregivers of children with cancer. We aimed to (a) describe vaccine hesitancy in parents of children with cancer for both their child and self, and (b) examine the mediating role of parent-reported COVID impact on the association between COVID exposure and vaccine hesitancy. PROCEDURE We conducted a national survey of parents of children with cancer via Facebook and Momcology, a pediatric cancer community-based organization recruited February-May 2021. Parents completed standardized measures online. A series of mediation models assessed the role of COVID-19 impact (e.g., effects on parenting and well-being) on associations between COVID-19 exposure (e.g., direct/indirect exposure) and vaccine hesitancy. Moderation models examined the role of treatment status, COVID-19 exposure, impact, and vaccine hesitancy. RESULTS Parents (n = 491; 90% mothers; 93% White) reported moderate vaccine hesitancy (M = 2.08, SD = 0.76). Specifically, 18.5% (n = 90) reported they would not vaccinate their child, and 24.4% (n = 119) would only consider vaccination. Parents expressed higher concerns about vaccine side effects for their children (M = 3.01, SD = 0.95) than for themselves (M = 2.61, SD = 1.03; t[479] = 9.07, p < .01). Mediation analysis revealed a significant indirect effect of impact (95% CI [-0.013, -0.001]) on the association between higher exposure and higher vaccine hesitancy (b = .02, p = .06). There was no moderating effect of treatment status. Income remained a significant covariate (b = -.11, p < .01). CONCLUSION Lower parent-reported COVID exposure, higher COVID impact, concern for side effects, and lower income may be important factors related to vaccine hesitancy among parents of children with cancer. Providers of childhood cancer survivors should address vaccine hesitancy and potential health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micah A. Skeens
- Center for Biobehavioral HealthNationwide Children's HospitalColumbusOhioUSA
| | - Kylie Hill
- Center for Biobehavioral HealthNationwide Children's HospitalColumbusOhioUSA
| | - Anna Olsavsky
- Center for Biobehavioral HealthNationwide Children's HospitalColumbusOhioUSA
| | | | - Jack Stevens
- Center for Biobehavioral HealthNationwide Children's HospitalColumbusOhioUSA
| | | | - Nilay Shah
- Division of Hematology/Oncology/BMTNationwide Children's HospitalColumbusOhioUSA,Department of PediatricsOhio State University College of MedicineColumbusOhioUSA
| | - Cynthia A. Gerhardt
- Center for Biobehavioral HealthNationwide Children's HospitalColumbusOhioUSA
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Jayakumar S, Ilango S, Kumar K S, Alassaf A, Aljabr A, Paramasivam A, Mickeymaray S, Hawsah YM, Aldawish AS. Contrasting Association Between COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy and Mental Health Status in India and Saudi Arabia-A Preliminary Evidence Collected During the Second Wave of COVID-19 Pandemic. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:900026. [PMID: 35602514 PMCID: PMC9116149 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.900026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Vaccine hesitancy is a global public health threat. Understanding the role of psychological factors in vaccine hesitancy is often neglected and relatively less explored. Aim and Objectives To analyze the relationship between mental health and COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy before and after the advent of COVID-19 vaccines (AC19V) in the general population of India and Saudi Arabia (KSA) which vary in severity of the pandemic and vaccine mandates. Materials and Methods A total of 677 adult participants from India and KSA participated in this cross-sectional online web-based survey. Sociodemographic details and current COVID-19 status pertaining to infection and vaccination were collected. Depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, and perceptive need for mental health support (MHS) were assessed before and after AC19V. A newly constructed and validated COVID19 vaccine hesitancy scale-12 (COVID19-VHS12) scale was used to evaluate the COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy. Results Prevalence and levels of depression and anxiety symptoms decreased significantly in Saudis but not in Indians after AC19V. PTSD symptoms showed a significant reduction in both India and KSA. Anxiety symptoms were higher in KSA than India before AC19V while PTSD was higher in India before and after AC19V. Except for the place of residence and employment status, the subgroups of sociodemographic variables which were at higher risk of negative mental health before AC19V showed improvement in their mental health after AC19V. The prevalence of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in India and KSA was 50.8% (95% CI 45.73–55.89%) and 55.7% (95% CI 50.16–61.31%), respectively. A bidirectional association between vaccine hesitancy and mental health was observed in KSA but not in India. Higher vaccine hesitancy favored higher levels of depression, anxiety, and perceptive need for MHS and vice versa in KSA. None of the mental health parameters predicted vaccine hesitancy in India, while higher vaccine hesitancy increased the risk of anxiety. Conclusion Vaccine hesitancy has a negative impact on mental health and vice versa over and above the impact of sociodemographic factors and COVID-19 vaccination and infection status which shows variations between India and KSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saikarthik Jayakumar
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Dentistry, Majmaah University, Al Majma'ah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Medical Education, College of Dentistry, Majmaah University, Al Majma'ah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saraswathi Ilango
- Department of Physiology, Madha Medical College and Research Institute, Chennai, India
| | - Senthil Kumar K
- Department of Physiology, Madha Medical College and Research Institute, Chennai, India
| | - Abdullah Alassaf
- Department of Preventive Dental Science, College of Dentistry, Majmaah University, Al Majma'ah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Aljabr
- Department of Medical Education, College of Dentistry, Majmaah University, Al Majma'ah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anand Paramasivam
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Dentistry, Majmaah University, Al Majma'ah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Medical Education, College of Dentistry, Majmaah University, Al Majma'ah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Suresh Mickeymaray
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Majmaah University, Al Majma'ah, Saudi Arabia
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Ochnik D, Arzenšek A, Rogowska AM, Mars Bitenc U, Benatov J. Changes in Mental Health during the COVID-19 Pandemic among Representative Sample of Young Adults from Germany, Israel, Poland, and Slovenia: A Longitudinal Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19105794. [PMID: 35627329 PMCID: PMC9141890 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19105794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this cross-national longitudinal study was to identify a change in mental health indicators: coronavirus-related post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), perceived stress, and fear of vaccination (FoVac). The first measurement (T1) took place in February 2021, and the second (T2) took place in May-June 2021. The sample consisted of 1723 participants across Germany, Israel, Poland, and Slovenia, between the age of 20 and 40 (M = 30.74, SD = 5.74). A paired-samples Student's t-test was used for testing the differences between T1 and T2. A repeated measures two-way ANOVA was performed to examine changes over time (T) and across the countries (C). A significant although small decrease at T2 was found for coronavirus-related PTSD, perceived stress, and FoVac. A significant main effect was found for T, C, and TxC for all variables, except the interaction effect for coronavirus-related PTSD and perceived stress. A medium effect size was found for coronavirus-related PTSD and FoVac across countries as well as perceived stress over time. A small effect size was revealed for coronavirus-related PTSD and FoVac over time, perceived stress across countries, and interaction for FoVac. A significant improvement in mental health was demonstrated across the four countries (particularly in Israel); however, there were still differences among each of them. Therefore, the cross-national context should be taken into consideration when analyzing the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Ochnik
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Technology, 40-555 Katowice, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Ana Arzenšek
- Faculty of Management, University of Primorska, 6101 Koper, Slovenia;
| | | | - Urša Mars Bitenc
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Information Technologies, University of Primorska, 6101 Koper, Slovenia;
| | - Joy Benatov
- Department of Special Education, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel;
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49
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Van Hoecke AL, Sanders JG. An Online Experiment of NHS Information Framing on Mothers’ Vaccination Intention of Children against COVID-19. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10050720. [PMID: 35632477 PMCID: PMC9143012 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10050720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Children under the age of 5, will likely all be offered vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 soon. Parental concerns over vaccination of children are long standing and could impede the success of a vaccination campaign. In the UK, a trusted source to inform vaccination choices is the NHS website. Here we used a randomized controlled experiment of framing effects in NHS information content for COVID-19 and flu with 550 mothers under the age of 5. We compared both vaccination offers following two commonly used frames in vaccination informational campaigns: alerting to the risks of no vaccination for the child itself vs. those in their community. We find that vaccination intention was twice as high when risks to the child are emphasized, relative to risks to the community. Exploratory analyses suggest that these effects may differ between white and non-white mothers. Whilst communication directed at adult vaccination against COVID-19 generally focuses on risks of infecting others, communication about vaccination of children may benefit from emphasizing risks to the children themselves. This pattern is in line with flu vaccination research from pre-COVID-19 times.
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50
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Wang Q, Xiu S, Yang L, Han Y, Cui T, Shi N, Liu M, Yi Y, Liu C, Wang X, Yang G, Ji L, Zhou W, Jin H, Zhen S, Lin L. Changes in the public attitude toward childhood vaccine and the COVID-19 vaccine during different periods: A repeated cross-section study in Wuxi city, China. JMIR Public Health Surveill 2022; 8:e33235. [PMID: 35486516 PMCID: PMC9109779 DOI: 10.2196/33235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It was reported that one in four parents were hesitant about vaccinating their children in China. Previous studies have revealed a declining trend in the vaccine willingness rate in China. There is a need to monitor the level of parental vaccine hesitancy towards routine childhood vaccination and hesitancy toward the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to assess changes in trends of parental attitudes toward routine childhood vaccine and COVID-19 vaccinations across different time periods in China. METHODS Three waves of cross-sectional surveys were conducted on parents residing in Wuxi City in Jiangsu province, China from September to October 2020, February to March 2021, and May to June 2021. Participants were recruited from immunization clinics. Chi-square tests used to compare the results of the three surveys, controlling for sociodemographic factors. Binary and multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to examine factors related to parental vaccine hesitancy and COVID-19 vaccine willingness. RESULTS Overall, 2,881, 1,038, and 1,183 participants were included in the survey's three-waves. Using the Vaccine Hesitancy Scale, 7.8%, 15.1%, and 5.5% of parents showed hesitancy to children vaccination (P<.001), and 59.3%, 64.6%, and 92.0% of parents agreed to receive a COVID-19 vaccine themselves in the first, second, and third surveys, respectively (P<.001). In all three surveys, "concerns about vaccine safety and side effects" was the most common reason for refusal. CONCLUSIONS There has been an increasing acceptance of COVID-19 vaccination in Wuxi City, China. Effective interventions need be taken to mitigate public concerns about vaccine safety. CLINICALTRIAL
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, 87# Dingjiaqiao 210009 Nanjing PR China, Nanjing, CN.,Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, CN
| | - Shixin Xiu
- Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuxi, CN
| | - Liuqing Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, 87# Dingjiaqiao 210009 Nanjing PR China, Nanjing, CN.,Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, CN
| | - Ying Han
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, 87# Dingjiaqiao 210009 Nanjing PR China, Nanjing, CN.,Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, CN
| | - Tingting Cui
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, 87# Dingjiaqiao 210009 Nanjing PR China, Nanjing, CN.,Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, CN
| | - Naiyang Shi
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, 87# Dingjiaqiao 210009 Nanjing PR China, Nanjing, CN.,Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, CN
| | - Minqi Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, 87# Dingjiaqiao 210009 Nanjing PR China, Nanjing, CN.,Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, CN
| | - Youqin Yi
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, 87# Dingjiaqiao 210009 Nanjing PR China, Nanjing, CN.,Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, CN
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, 87# Dingjiaqiao 210009 Nanjing PR China, Nanjing, CN.,Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, CN
| | - Xuwen Wang
- Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuxi, CN
| | - Guoping Yang
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, CN
| | - Lili Ji
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, CN
| | - Weijie Zhou
- Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuxi, CN
| | - Hui Jin
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, 87# Dingjiaqiao 210009 Nanjing PR China, Nanjing, CN.,Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, CN
| | - Shiqi Zhen
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, CN
| | - Leesa Lin
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, GB.,Laboratory of Data Discovery for Health (D24H), Hong Kong Science Park, HongKong, CN
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