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Daraei H, Bertone E, Awad J, Stewart RA, Chow CWK, Duan J, Mussared A, Van Leeuwen J. A novel mathematical template for developing fDOM probe fluorescence signal correction models for freshwaters. J Environ Sci (China) 2024; 146:103-117. [PMID: 38969439 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2023.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
The reliable application of field deployable fluorescent dissolved organic matter (fDOM) probes is hindered by several influencing factors which need to be compensated. This manuscript describes the corrections of temperature, pH, turbidity and inner filter effect on fluorescence signal of a commercial fDOM probe (fDOMs). For this, Australian waters with wide ranging qualities were selected, e.g. dissolved organic carbon (DOC) ranging from ∼1 to ∼30 mg/L, specific UV absorbance at 254 nm from ∼1 to ∼6 L/m/mg and turbidity from ∼1 to ∼ 350 FNU. Laboratory-based model calibration experiments (MCEs) were performed. A model template was developed and used for the development of the correction models. For each factor, data generated through MCEs were used to determine model coefficient (α) values by fitting the generated model to the experimental data. Four discrete factor models were generated by determination of a factor-specific α value. The α values derived for each water of the MCEs subset were consistent for each factor model. This indicated generic nature of the four α values across wide-ranging water qualities. High correlation between fDOMs and DOC were achieved after applying the four-factor compensation models to new data (r, 0.96, p < 0.05). Also, average biases (and %) between DOC predicted through fDOMs and actual DOC were decreased by applying the four-factor compensation model (from 3.54 (60.9%) to 1.28 (16.7%) mg/L DOC). These correction models were incorporated into a Microsoft EXCEL-based software termed EXOf-Correct for ready-to-use applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiua Daraei
- Sustainable Infrastructure and Resource Management (SIRM), UniSA STEM, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia; Environmental Health Research Centre, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Kurdistan, Iran
| | - Edoardo Bertone
- Griffith School of Engineering and Built Environment, Griffith University, Queensland 4222, Australia; Cities Research Institute, Griffith University, Parklands Drive, Southport, Queensland 4222, Australia; Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Road, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia.
| | - John Awad
- Sustainable Infrastructure and Resource Management (SIRM), UniSA STEM, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia; CSIRO Environment, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Rodney A Stewart
- Griffith School of Engineering and Built Environment, Griffith University, Queensland 4222, Australia; Cities Research Institute, Griffith University, Parklands Drive, Southport, Queensland 4222, Australia
| | - Christopher W K Chow
- Sustainable Infrastructure and Resource Management (SIRM), UniSA STEM, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia
| | - Jinming Duan
- Sustainable Infrastructure and Resource Management (SIRM), UniSA STEM, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia
| | - Amanda Mussared
- Australian Water Quality Centre, SA Water, 250 Victoria Square, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - John Van Leeuwen
- Sustainable Infrastructure and Resource Management (SIRM), UniSA STEM, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia
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Li Y, Zhang K, Apell J, Ruan Y, Huang X, Nah T. Photoproduction of reactive intermediates from dissolved organic matter in coastal seawater around an urban metropolis in South China: Characterization and predictive modeling. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 921:170998. [PMID: 38365044 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) is an important photochemical precursor to reactive intermediates (RIs) (e.g., excited triplet states of chromophoric dissolved organic matter (3CDOM⁎), hydroxyl radicals (·OH), and singlet oxygen (1O2)) in aquatic systems to drive the photodegradation of contaminants. There have been limited studies on the photoproduction of RIs in coastal seawater CDOM in Asia, which impedes our ability to model the lifetimes and fates of contaminants in these coastal seawater systems. Hong Kong is an urban metropolis in South China, whose coastal seawater is susceptible to anthropogenic activities from the surrounding areas and the nearby Pearl River. We investigated the photoproduction of RIs in seawater around Hong Kong during the wet vs. dry season. Higher intensities of fluorescent components, dissolved organic carbon concentration ([DOC]), apparent quantum yields of RIs (ΦRIs), and steady-state concentrations of photogenerated RIs ([RIs]ss) were observed for samples collected in the areas closest to the Pearl River during the wet season. Lower humification degrees and ΦRIs but higher intensities of fluorescent components and [RIs]ss were generally observed for the wet season samples compared to the dry season samples. Statistical analysis revealed strong significant correlations (Spearman |r| > 0.6, p < 0.05) between ΦRIs and the absorbance properties (including the absorbance ratio E2:E3, spectral slope coefficients S350-400, and spectral slope ratio SR) of CDOM, and between [RIs]ss and the quantity-reflected properties (including the fluorescence intensity of humic-like components) of CDOM. Our modeling analyses combining orthogonal partial least squares and stepwise multiple linear regression showed excellent prediction strengths for [1O2]ss and [3CDOM⁎]ss (R2adj > 0.7) when [DOC] and the chemical and optical properties of CDOM were used as predictor variables. These modeling results demonstrate the feasibility of predicting the concentrations and quantum yields of RIs in seawater around Hong Kong, and potentially other coastal cities in South China, from easily measurable chemical and optical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yitao Li
- School of Energy and Environment and State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
| | - Kai Zhang
- National Observation and Research Station of Coastal Ecological Environments in Macao, Macao Environmental Research Institute, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao.
| | - Jennifer Apell
- Department of Civil and Urban Engineering, New York University Tandon School of Engineering, 6 Metrotech Center, Brooklyn, New York, USA.
| | - Yuefei Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
| | - Xinming Huang
- School of Energy and Environment and State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
| | - Theodora Nah
- School of Energy and Environment and State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
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Powers LC, Schmitt-Kopplin P, Gonsior M. Evaluating the photochemical reactivity of disinfection byproducts formed during seawater desalination processes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:169292. [PMID: 38104835 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Reverse osmosis (RO) is widely used for seawater desalination but pre-chlorination of intake water produces halogenated disinfection byproducts (DBPs). The fate and environmental impacts associated with the discharge of DBP-containing RO brine wastewater are unknown. Therefore, to evaluate if photochemistry plays a role in DBP degradation in seawater, we collected samples at a desalination plant, which were desalted and concentrated using two-inline solid phase extraction (SPE) techniques combining reverse-phase polymeric (PPL) and weak anion exchange (WAX) resins. Both filtered water samples and SPE samples (extracts reconstituted in open ocean seawater) were exposed to simulated sunlight in a custom-built flow-through system. Optical property analysis during irradiation experiments did not provide distinguishing features between intake water and RO reject water (brine). Extractable organic bromine (organoBr) concentrations were low in intake water samples (7.8 μg Br L-1) and did not change significantly due to irradiation. OrganoBr concentrations in laboratory-chlorinated raw water were much higher (135 μg Br L-1) and on average decreased by 42 % after 24 h irradiation. However, while organoBr concentrations were highest in RO reject water (473 μg Br L-1), changes in organoBr concentrations in PPL SPE samples after 24 h irradiation were variable, ranging from a 1-46 % loss. Furthermore, most bromine-containing molecular ions identified by high resolution mass spectrometry that were present in RO reject water before irradiation were also found after both 24 h and 50 h exposures. Although only one RO reject water sample was tested in this study, results highlight that hundreds of yet to be identified brominated DBPs in RO reject water could be resistant to photodegradation or phototransform into existing DBPs in the environment. Future work examining the biolability of DBPs in RO reject water, as well as the interplay between photochemical and biological DBP cycling, is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leanne C Powers
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, NY, United States.
| | - Philippe Schmitt-Kopplin
- Helmholtz Munich, Research Unit Analytical BioGeoChemistry, Munich, Germany; Chair of Analytical Food Chemistry, Technical University München, Munich, Germany; Chesapeake Biological Laboratory, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Solomons, MD, United States
| | - Michael Gonsior
- Chesapeake Biological Laboratory, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Solomons, MD, United States
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Gu X, Chen B, Liu H, Feng Y, Wang B, He S, Feng M, Pan G, Han S. Photochemical behavior of dissolved organic matter derived from Alternanthera philoxeroides hydrochar: Insights from molecular transformation and photochemically reactive intermediates. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 461:132591. [PMID: 37778307 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Hydrochar-derived dissolved organic matter (HDOM) enters aquatic ecosystems through soil leaching and surface runoff following the application of hydrochar. However, the photochemical behavior of HDOM remains unclear. The photo-transformation of HDOM was analyzed by Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS), multiple spectroscopy methods, high-performance liquid chromatography, and combining synchronous fluorescence and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy with two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy. The results showed that with the increase of carbonization temperature, amide II in protein-like substances were observed to be preferentially photolyzed, and the protein-like substances were more sensitive to low irradiation time, while the duration time of the photochemical behavior of amide II and aliphatic C-H were more persistent. FT-ICR MS results showed that N and S-containing molecules, including lignins and lipids were more sensitive to ultraviolet irradiation. Furthermore, the photo-transformation of HDOMs was accompanied by the generation of triple excited state dissolved organic matter and singlet oxygen. Our findings will be beneficial for understanding the mechanisms of photo-transformation of HDOM and for predicting the possible behaviors of hydrochar produced at different temperatures before large-scale application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xincai Gu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China; Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in Downstream of Yangtze Plain, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Bingfa Chen
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in Downstream of Yangtze Plain, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China.
| | - Hong Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Yanfang Feng
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in Downstream of Yangtze Plain, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Bingyu Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Shiying He
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in Downstream of Yangtze Plain, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Muhua Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Guojun Pan
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in Downstream of Yangtze Plain, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Shiqun Han
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in Downstream of Yangtze Plain, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China.
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Wei Z, Li N, Zhang X, Zheng L, Mo S, Korshin G, Li Q, Yan M. Characterizing photochemical production carboxyl content of dissolved organic matters using absorbance spectroscopy combined with FT-ICR MS. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 344:140352. [PMID: 37806326 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Irradiation can significantly impact the structure, reactivity and environmental behavior of dissolved organic matter (DOM). The extent of these processes remains to be ascertained in more detail but the heterogeneity and site-specificity of DOM, and the lack of methods to characterize DOM at its environmentally-relevant concentrations make it a challenge. In this study, the differences of DOM response to photodegradation in four typical origins (i.e., surface water, sediment and intracellular and extracellular algal DOM) were tracked on the molecular-level using Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry (FT-ICR MS). Changes of the carboxyl and phenolic DOM moieties induced by irradiation were quantified by spectroscopic titrations, and the mechanism of functional groups affecting the changes of specific molecular composition was qualitatively proposed. The results demonstrated that intracellular algal organic matter (I-DOM) was most susceptible to photodegradation (ca. 63% DOM loss), then came extracellular algal organic matter (E-DOM) and surface water DOM (W-DOM) (ca. 15% DOM loss). Sediment DOM (S-DOM) was most resistant to irradiation, with a very small level of its mineralization. Lipids, lignin-like compounds and tannin-like compounds in I-DOM and E-DOM were relatively photo-labile. The photodegradation of lipids was related to the decarboxylation of carboxyl functional groups, while the photodegradation of tannin-like compounds was related to the rupture of phenolic functional groups. In comparison, the molecular composition of W-DOM and S-DOM was less affected by irradiation, which was also reflected in the fact that the carboxyl and phenolic functional groups were highly photo-resistant. This study showed that the photoactivity of DOM in surface water was closely related to the abundance of algae, so controlling the excessive reproduction of algae may have a positive effect on stability of quality and quantity of organic matter in surface water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zizhuo Wei
- College of Resources and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, Liaoning, China; Qinhuangdao key Laboratory of Water-saving Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, College of Resources and Materials, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao, 066004, Hebei, China
| | - Na Li
- College of Resources and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, Liaoning, China; Qinhuangdao key Laboratory of Water-saving Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, College of Resources and Materials, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao, 066004, Hebei, China
| | - Xinyi Zhang
- College of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102208, China
| | - Lei Zheng
- College of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102208, China
| | - Shansheng Mo
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Peking University, The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Gregory Korshin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Washington, Box 352700, Seattle, WA 98195-2700, United States
| | - Qingwei Li
- College of Resources and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, Liaoning, China; Qinhuangdao key Laboratory of Water-saving Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, College of Resources and Materials, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao, 066004, Hebei, China
| | - Mingquan Yan
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Peking University, The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100871, China.
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6
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Cai T, Zhang X, Zhang S, Ming Y, Zhang Q. Photochemical behaviors of dissolved organic matter in aquatic environment: Generation, characterization, influencing factors and practical application. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 231:116174. [PMID: 37209983 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Dissolved organic matter (DOM) widely exists in aquatic environment and plays a critical role in environmental photochemical reaction. The photochemical behaviors of DOM in sunlit surface waters have received widely attention because its photochemical effects for some coexisted substances in aquatic environment, especially for organic micropollutants degradation. Therefore, to gain a comprehensive understanding of the photochemical properties and environmental effects of DOM, we reviewed the influence of sources on the structure and composition of DOM with relevant identified techniques to analysis functional groups. Additionally, identification and quantification for reactive intermediates are discussed with a focus on influencing factors to produce reactive intermediates by DOM under solar irradiation. These reactive intermediates can promote the photodegradation of organic micropollutants in the environmental system. In future, attention should be paid to the photochemical properties of DOM and environmental effects in real environmental system and development of advanced techniques to study DOM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Cai
- Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Biotransformation of Organic Solid Waste, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, 200241, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaotong Zhang
- Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Biotransformation of Organic Solid Waste, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, 200241, Shanghai, China
| | - Shudong Zhang
- Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Biotransformation of Organic Solid Waste, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, 200241, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanbo Ming
- Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Biotransformation of Organic Solid Waste, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, 200241, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiuzhuo Zhang
- Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Biotransformation of Organic Solid Waste, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, 200241, Shanghai, China; Institute of Eco-Chongming (IEC), 3663 N. Zhongshan Rd., Shanghai, 200062, China; Technology Innovation Center for Land Spatial Eco-restoration in Metropolitan Area, Ministry of Natural Resources, 3663 N. Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200062, China.
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Siddique MS, Lu H, Xiong X, Fareed H, Graham N, Yu W. Exploring impacts of water-extractable organic matter on pre-ozonation followed by nanofiltration process: Insights from pH variations on DBPs formation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 876:162695. [PMID: 36898544 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the influence of pH (4-10) on the treatment of water-extractable organic matter (WEOM), and the associated disinfection by-products (DBPs) formation potential (FP), during the pre-ozonation/nanofiltration treatment process. At alkaline pH (9-10), a rapid decline in water flux (> 50 %) and higher membrane rejection was observed, as a consequence of the increased electrostatic repulsion forces between the membrane surface and organic species. Parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) modeling and size exclusion chromatography (SEC) provides detailed insights into the WEOM compositional behavior at different pH levels. Ozonation at higher pH significantly reduced the apparent molecular weight (MW) of WEOM in the 4000-7000 Da range by transforming the large MW (humic-like) substances into small hydrophilic fractions. Fluorescence components C1 (humic-like) and C2 (fulvic-like) exhibited a predominant increase/decrease in concentration for all pH conditions during pre-ozonation and nanofiltration treatment process, however, the C3 (protein-like) component was found highly associated with the reversible and irreversible membrane foulants. The ratio C1/C2 provided a strong correlation with the formation of total trihalomethanes (THMs) (R2 = 0.9277) and total haloacetic acids (HAAs) (R2 = 0.5796). The formation potential of THMs increased, and HAAs decreased, with the increase of feed water pH. Ozonation markedly reduced the formation of THMs by up to 40 % at higher pH levels, but increased the formation of brominated-HAAs by shifting the formation potential of DBPs towards brominated precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Saboor Siddique
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, People's Republic of China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongbo Lu
- Power China Huadong Engineering Corporation Limited, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311122, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xuejun Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, People's Republic of China
| | - Hasan Fareed
- School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Nigel Graham
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
| | - Wenzheng Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, People's Republic of China.
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He J, Jiao L, Zhi G, Wu X, Yang Y, Ding S, Zheng J, Shao Z, Xia R. Heterogeneity of molecular-level and photochemical of dissolved organic matter derived from decomposing submerged macrophyte and algae. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 334:117420. [PMID: 36801677 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.117420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Aquatic macrophytes and algae are the most important sources of autochthonous dissolved organic matter (DOM), and their transformation and reuse significantly affect aquatic ecosystem health. In this study, Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR-MS) was used to identify the molecular features between submerged macrophyte-derived DOM (SMDOM) and algae-derived DOM (ADOM). The photochemical heterogeneity between SMDOM and ADOM by UV254-irradiation and their molecular mechanism were also discussed. The results showed that the molecular abundance of SMDOM was dominated by lignin/CRAM-like structures, tannins, and concentrated aromatic structures (sum of 91.79%), while that of ADOM was dominated by lipids, proteins, and unsaturated hydrocarbons (sum of 60.30%). UV254-radiation resulted in a net reduction of tyrosine-like, tryptophan-like and terrestrial humic-like, and conversely a net production of marine humic-like. The light decay rate constants obtained by the multiple exponential function model fitting revealed that both tyrosine-like and tryptophan-like components of SMDOM could be rapidly and directly photodegraded, while the photodegradation of tryptophan-like in ADOM depended on the production of photosensitizers. The photo-refractory fractions of both SMDOM and ADOM were as follows: humic-like > tyrosine-like > tryptophan-like. Our results provide new insights into the fate of autochthonous DOM in aquatic ecosystems where "grass-algae" coexist or evolve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia He
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; Kunming Institute of Eco-Environmental Sciences, Kunming 650032, China
| | - Lixin Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; Institute of Water Environment Research, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
| | - Guoqiang Zhi
- Kunming Institute of Eco-Environmental Sciences, Kunming 650032, China
| | - Xue Wu
- Kunming Institute of Eco-Environmental Sciences, Kunming 650032, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Kunming Institute of Eco-Environmental Sciences, Kunming 650032, China
| | - Shuai Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; Institute of Water Environment Research, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Jinlong Zheng
- Kunming Institute of Eco-Environmental Sciences, Kunming 650032, China
| | - Zhi Shao
- Kunming Institute of Eco-Environmental Sciences, Kunming 650032, China
| | - Rui Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; Institute of Water Environment Research, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
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Peer S, Vybornova A, Tauber J, Saracevic E, Krampe J, Zessner M, Zoboli O. To analyze or to throw away? On the stability of excitation-emission matrices for different water systems. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 333:138853. [PMID: 37164201 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescence spectroscopy has numerous applications to characterize natural and human-influenced water bodies regarding dissolved organic matter (DOM) and contamination. Analyzing samples in a timely manner is crucial to gaining valid and reproducible excitation-emission matrices (EEM) but often difficult, specifically in transnational projects with long transport distances. In this study, eight samples of different water sources (tap water, differently polluted rivers, and wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluents) were stored under standardized conditions for 59 days and analyzed regularly. With this data set, the sample and fluorescence spectra stability was evaluated. Established analysis methods such as peak picking and fluorescence metrics were compared over time and benchmarked against dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and a maximal change of 10% in terms of their variability. Additional high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) data to identify single organic compounds provides insights into these DOM alterations and allows for conclusions about the underlying biological processes. Our results corroborate in a systematic way that the higher the organic or microbial load, the faster the sample must be processed. For all water sources, considerable changes were found between days zero and one, indicating a potential systematic bias between in-situ and laboratory measurements. The absolute signals of individual peaks vary substantially after only a few days. In contrast, relative metrics are robust for a much longer time. For specific metrics, when filtered and stored under cool and dark conditions, tap water may be stored for up to 59 days, non-polluted river water for up to 31-59 days, and WWTP effluents for up to 14-59 days. The storability thus depends both on the specific water source and the analytical plan. By systematizing our understanding of how the specific water source and DOM concentration determine the stability of samples during storage, these conclusions facilitate efforts to establish a standardized protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Peer
- Institute for Water Quality and Resource Management, TU Wien, Karlsplatz 13/226, 1040, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Anastassia Vybornova
- Institute for Water Quality and Resource Management, TU Wien, Karlsplatz 13/226, 1040, Vienna, Austria; IT University of Copenhagen, Rued Langgaards Vej 7, 2300, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Joseph Tauber
- Institute for Water Quality and Resource Management, TU Wien, Karlsplatz 13/226, 1040, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ernis Saracevic
- Institute for Water Quality and Resource Management, TU Wien, Karlsplatz 13/226, 1040, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jörg Krampe
- Institute for Water Quality and Resource Management, TU Wien, Karlsplatz 13/226, 1040, Vienna, Austria
| | - Matthias Zessner
- Institute for Water Quality and Resource Management, TU Wien, Karlsplatz 13/226, 1040, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ottavia Zoboli
- Institute for Water Quality and Resource Management, TU Wien, Karlsplatz 13/226, 1040, Vienna, Austria
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10
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Kida M, Merder J, Fujitake N, Tanabe Y, Hayashi K, Kudoh S, Dittmar T. Determinants of Microbial-Derived Dissolved Organic Matter Diversity in Antarctic Lakes. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:5464-5473. [PMID: 36947486 PMCID: PMC10077579 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c00249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Identifying drivers of the molecular composition of dissolved organic matter (DOM) is essential to understand the global carbon cycle, but an unambiguous interpretation of observed patterns is challenging due to the presence of confounding factors that affect the DOM composition. Here, we show, by combining ultrahigh-resolution mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, that the DOM molecular composition varies considerably among 43 lakes in East Antarctica that are isolated from terrestrial inputs and human influence. The DOM composition in these lakes is primarily driven by differences in the degree of photodegradation, sulfurization, and pH. Remarkable molecular beta-diversity of DOM was found that rivals the dissimilarity between DOM of rivers and the deep ocean, which was driven by environmental dissimilarity rather than the spatial distance. Our results emphasize that the extensive molecular diversity of DOM can arise even in one of the most pristine and organic matter source-limited environments on Earth, but at the same time the DOM composition is predictable by environmental variables and the lakes' ecological history.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morimaru Kida
- Research
Group for Marine Geochemistry (ICBM-MPI Bridging Group), Institute
for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), University of Oldenburg, Carl-von-Ossietzky-Str. 9-11, Oldenburg 26129, Germany
- Soil
Science Laboratory, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - Julian Merder
- Department
of Global Ecology, Carnegie Institution
for Science, 260 Panama Street, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Nobuhide Fujitake
- Soil
Science Laboratory, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - Yukiko Tanabe
- National
Institute of Polar Research, Research Organization of Information
and Systems, 10-3 Midori-cho, Tachikawa, Tokyo 190-8518, Japan
- Department
of Polar Science, SOKENDAI (The Graduate
University for Advanced Studies), 10-3 Midori-cho, Tachikawa, Tokyo 190-8518, Japan
| | - Kentaro Hayashi
- Institute
for Agro-Environmental Sciences, NARO, 3-1-3 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8604, Japan
| | - Sakae Kudoh
- National
Institute of Polar Research, Research Organization of Information
and Systems, 10-3 Midori-cho, Tachikawa, Tokyo 190-8518, Japan
- Department
of Polar Science, SOKENDAI (The Graduate
University for Advanced Studies), 10-3 Midori-cho, Tachikawa, Tokyo 190-8518, Japan
| | - Thorsten Dittmar
- Research
Group for Marine Geochemistry (ICBM-MPI Bridging Group), Institute
for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), University of Oldenburg, Carl-von-Ossietzky-Str. 9-11, Oldenburg 26129, Germany
- Helmholtz
Institute for Functional Marine Biodiversity (HIFMB) at the University
of Oldenburg, Oldenburg 26129, Germany
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11
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Duan Z, Tan X, Ali I, Wu X, Cao J, Xu Y, Shi L, Gao W, Ruan Y, Chen C. Comparison of organic matter (OM) pools in water, suspended particulate matter, and sediments in eutrophic Lake Taihu, China: Implication for dissolved OM tracking, assessment, and management. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 845:157257. [PMID: 35817111 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Suspended particulate matter (SPM) and sediments are important sources of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in lake water. However, studies on what extent and how both sources affect DOM composition are lacking, which hampers DOM management. Herein, DOM, SPM-extracted particulate organic matter (POM), and sediment-extracted organic matter (SOM) were characterized and compared in terms of absorption spectral properties and chemical composition in Lake Taihu, a large cyanobacterial bloom-affected shallow lake. A statistical method was proposed to quantify the similarity of organic matter (OM) in the different states and to evaluate the potential effects of SPM and sediments on DOM. Results showed that POM and DOM were mainly composed of small-molecular-size and low-humified organic components (i.e., 27 %-38 % tryptophan-like and ~30 % protein-like substances), and most of them were derived from autochthonous sources. While tyrosine-like (57 %) and humic-like (27 %) substances were dominant in SOM. The OM similarity between POM and DOM was approximately 1.5 times higher than that between SOM and DOM, indicating the greater effect of SPM than sediments on DOM composition. High pH and low nitrogen (e.g., nitrate and ammonia) were positively correlated to the OM similarity between POM and DOM. Further, the findings indicated that nitrogen limitation enhanced the OM exchange between POM and DOM by promoting the production of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) in cyanobacterial aggregates. The obtained findings highlighted the importance of SPM in shaping the DOM composition relative to sediments and facilitating the DOM management in bloom-affected lakes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng Duan
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210024, China; College of Hydrology and Water Resources, Hohai University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210024, China
| | - Xiao Tan
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210024, China.
| | - Imran Ali
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210024, China
| | - Xiaoge Wu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Jun Cao
- National Engineering Research Center of Water Resources Efficient Utilization and Engineering Safety, Hohai University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210024, China
| | - Yangxue Xu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210024, China
| | - Lin Shi
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210024, China
| | - Wanpeng Gao
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210024, China
| | - Yinlan Ruan
- Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing, The University of Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Chen Chen
- College of Dayu, Hohai University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210024, China
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12
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Ma XY, Chen W, Tang L, Wang YK, Li M, Wang XC. The impact of natural sunlight irradiation on the biotoxicities of different molecular sizes EfOM/SRNOM and its relationship with spectral and molecular level parameters. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 843:156972. [PMID: 35772563 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Natural sunlight irradiation is regarded as an efficient and low-carbon method for controlling the biotoxicity of effluents from domestic wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Dissolved organic matter in WWTPs effluent (EfOM) is responsible for the non-specific biotoxicity of effluent. In the present study, the variation in spectral characteristics, molecular composition, luminescent bacteria toxicity, and genotoxicity of EfOM of different molecular sizes (MOSs) during natural sunlight irradiation were investigated from a systematic perspective, and the standard natural organic matter from the Suwannee River (SRNOM) was synchronously assessed for comparative purposes. To further explore the cause of the biotoxicity changes, the relationships between the spectral or molecular level parameters (obtained from FT-ICR MS analysis) and biotoxicity were assessed using correlation analysis. The molecules in <1 kDa EfOM with lower molecular weight, higher unsaturation degree, and higher humification and fluorescence had higher luminescent bacteria toxicity under sunlight irradiation. However, in the <1 kDa SRNOM, the molecules which were characterized by higher humification and fluorescence had higher luminescent bacteria toxicity. The notable genotoxicity reduction of EfOM under sunlight irradiation was attributed to the photochemical degradation of components with a high unsaturation degree. Such findings could enable ecological safety improvement of aquatic environments using natural sunlight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Y Ma
- Key Lab of Environmental Engineering (Shaanxi province), School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, No.13 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710055, PR China; International Science & Technology Cooperation Center for Urban Alternative Water Resources Development, Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology (Ministry of Education), Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, No.13 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710055, PR China.
| | - Wenfeng Chen
- Key Lab of Environmental Engineering (Shaanxi province), School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, No.13 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710055, PR China
| | - Lei Tang
- Key Lab of Environmental Engineering (Shaanxi province), School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, No.13 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710055, PR China
| | - Yongkun K Wang
- School of Environment and Tourism, West Anhui University, Lùan 237000, PR China
| | - Mengkai Li
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, PR China
| | - Xiaochang C Wang
- Key Lab of Environmental Engineering (Shaanxi province), School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, No.13 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710055, PR China; International Science & Technology Cooperation Center for Urban Alternative Water Resources Development, Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology (Ministry of Education), Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, No.13 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710055, PR China
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13
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Huang M, Liao Z, Li Z, Wen J, Zhao L, Jin C, Tian D, Shen F. Effects of pyrolysis temperature on proton and cadmium binding properties onto biochar-derived dissolved organic matter: Roles of fluorophore and chromophore. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 299:134313. [PMID: 35292275 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the environmental behavior of biochar-derived dissolved organic matter (BDOM) is crucial for promoting the extensive utilization of biochar and meeting the carbon neutrality targets. However, limited studies focused on the binding mechanism of protons and Cd with DOM released from biochar produced at different pyrolysis temperatures. By combining excitation-emission matrix spectroscopy and parallel factor analysis, we found that the humic-like fluorophores in BDOM had higher aromaticity, molecular weight, and contents of carboxylic and phenolic groups relative to the protein-like fluorophores. Conversely, the protein-like fluorophores exhibited a stronger binding affinity for Cd than humic-like fluorophores. With the pyrolysis temperature increased from 300 °C to 500 °C, the quenching effects of Cd on the protein-like components were enhanced significantly. Their fluorescence intensities could be quenched up to 51.64%. The results of ultraviolet-visible absorbance spectroscopy and differential absorbance spectroscopy showed that the carboxylic-like and phenolic-like chromophores were involved in the protons and Cd binding process of BDOM. The binding ability of phenolic-like chromophores with Cd was reduced as a function of increasing pyrolysis temperature. These findings implied that these carboxylic and phenolic groups were mainly contained in the non-fluorescent components. Besides, protons and Cd could also induce inter-chromophore interactions in BDOM, and the interaction was proportional to the pyrolysis temperature. These results clearly demonstrated the pyrolysis temperature-dependent changes in the protons and Cd binding properties of BDOM. More importantly, the possible risk of Cd mobility caused by the protein-like components in BDOM cannot be ignored when the biochar was applied in contaminated soils. This research extends our knowledge of the application potentiality of biochar in heavy metal polluted soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Huang
- Institute of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, PR China; Rural Environment Protection Engineering & Technology Center of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, PR China
| | - Zhi Liao
- Institute of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, PR China; Rural Environment Protection Engineering & Technology Center of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, PR China
| | - Zhongwu Li
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, PR China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, PR China.
| | - Jiajun Wen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, PR China
| | - Li Zhao
- Institute of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, PR China; Rural Environment Protection Engineering & Technology Center of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, PR China
| | - Changsheng Jin
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, PR China
| | - Dong Tian
- Institute of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, PR China; Rural Environment Protection Engineering & Technology Center of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, PR China
| | - Fei Shen
- Institute of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, PR China; Rural Environment Protection Engineering & Technology Center of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, PR China.
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14
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Wenk J, Graf C, Aeschbacher M, Sander M, Canonica S. Effect of Solution pH on the Dual Role of Dissolved Organic Matter in Sensitized Pollutant Photooxidation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:15110-15122. [PMID: 34714642 PMCID: PMC8735754 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c03301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Dissolved organic matter (DOM) has a dual role in indirect phototransformations of aquatic contaminants by acting both as a photosensitizer and an inhibitor. Herein, the pH dependence of the inhibitory effect of DOM and the underlying mechanisms were studied in more than 400 kinetic irradiation experiments over the pH range of 6-11. Experiments employed various combinations of one of three DOM isolates, one of two model photosensitizers, the model antioxidant phenol, and one of nine target compounds (TCs), comprising several aromatic amines, in particular anilines and sulfonamides, and 4-cyanophenol. Using model photosensitizers without antioxidants, the phototransformation of most TCs increased with increasing pH, even for TCs for which pH did not affect speciation. This trend was attributed to pH-dependent formation yields of TC-derived radicals and their re-formation to the parent TC. Analogous trends were observed with DOM as a photosensitizer. Comparison of model and DOM photosensitizer data sets showed increasing inhibitory effects of DOM on TC phototransformation kinetics with increasing pH. In systems with anilines as a TC and phenol as a model antioxidant, pH trends of the inhibitory effect could be rationalized based on the reduction potential difference (ΔEred) of phenoxyl/phenol and anilinyl/aniline couples. Our results indicate that the light-induced transformation of aromatic amines in the aquatic environment is governed by the pH-dependent inhibitory effects of antioxidant phenolic moieties of DOM and pH-dependent processes related to the formation of amine oxidation intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jannis Wenk
- Eawag,
Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Institute
of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, ETH Zürich, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Water Innovation & Research Centre
(WIRC), University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2
7AY, United Kingdom
- . Tel: +44-1225-383246
| | - Cornelia Graf
- Institute
of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, ETH Zürich, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland
- INFRAS
Research and Consulting, CH-3012 Berne, Switzerland
| | - Michael Aeschbacher
- Institute
of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, ETH Zürich, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Sander
- Institute
of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, ETH Zürich, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Silvio Canonica
- Eawag,
Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
- . Tel: +41-58-765-5453. Fax: +41-58-765-5210
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15
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Mangalgiri K, Cheng Z, Cervantes S, Spencer S, Liu H. UV-based advanced oxidation of dissolved organic matter in reverse osmosis concentrate from a potable water reuse facility: A Parallel-Factor (PARAFAC) analysis approach. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 204:117585. [PMID: 34478993 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Disposal of reverse osmosis concentrate (ROC) from advanced water purification facilities is a challenge associated with the implementation of reverse osmosis-based treatment of municipal wastewater effluent for potable reuse. In particular, the dissolved organic matter (DOM) present in ROC diminishes the quality of the receiving water upon environmental disposal and affects the toxicity, fate, and transport of organic contaminants. This study investigates UV-based advanced oxidation processes (UV-AOPs) for treating DOM in ROC using a Parallel Factor Analysis (PARAFAC) approach. DOM composition and degradation were tested in UV-only and three UV-AOPs using hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), free chlorine (Cl2), and persulfate (S2O82-). The four-component PARAFAC model consisted of two terrestrial humic-like components (CUVH and CVisH), a wastewater/nutrient tracer component (CNuTr), and a protein-like (tyrosine-like) component (CPrTy). Based on the observed loss in the maximum fluorescence intensity of the components, DOM degradation was determined to be dependent on UV fluence, oxidant dose, and dilution factor of the ROC (i.e., bulk DOM concentration). CVisH was most the photolabile component in the UV-only system, followed by CNuTr, CPrTy, and CUVH, respectively. Furthermore, UV-H2O2 and UV-S2O82- displayed faster overall reaction kinetics compared to UV-Cl2. The degradation trends suggested that CNuTr and CPrTy consisted of chemical moieties that were susceptible to reactive oxygen species (HO•) but not reactive chlorine species; whereas, CVisH was sensitive to all reactive species generated in the three UV-AOPs. Compared to other components, CPrTy was recalcitrant in all treatment scenarios tested. Calculations using chemical probe-based analysis also confirmed these trends in the reactivity of DOM components. The outcomes of this study form a foundation for characterizing ROC reactivity in UV-AOP treatment technologies, to ultimately improve the sustainability of water reuse systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiranmayi Mangalgiri
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, United States
| | - Zhiwen Cheng
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, United States; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Sheila Cervantes
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, United States
| | - Samantha Spencer
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, United States
| | - Haizhou Liu
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, United States; Program of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, United States.
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16
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Song F, Li T, Shi Q, Guo F, Bai Y, Wu F, Xing B. Novel Insights into the Molecular-Level Mechanism Linking the Chemical Diversity and Copper Binding Heterogeneity of Biochar-Derived Dissolved Black Carbon and Dissolved Organic Matter. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:11624-11636. [PMID: 34197711 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c00083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Biochar-derived dissolved black carbon (DBC) varies in chemical composition and significantly affects the environmental fate of metal ions. However, the intrinsic molecular composition of DBC fractions and their molecular interaction mechanisms with metal ions remain unclear. We propose a novel, molecular-level covariant binding mechanism to comparatively interpret the heterogeneities, active sites, and sequential responses of copper binding with molecular compounds in DBC and natural dissolved organic matter (DOM). Relatively large proportions of lipid/aliphatic/peptide-like compounds with low mass distributions and lignin-like compounds with oxidized/unsaturated groups existed in acidic- and alkaline-extracted DBC, respectively. A larger percentage of tannin-like/condensed aromatic compounds and higher average conditional stability constants (logK̅Cu) of visible fluorescent components were found for DOM than for DBC. Overall, 200-320 Da and 320-480 Da molecular components contributed significantly to the logK̅Cu values of UVA and visible fluorescent components, respectively, in DBC/DOM. Nitrogenous groups likely exhibited stronger binding affinities than phenolic/carboxylic groups. The sequential copper-binding responses of molecular compounds in DBC/DOM generally followed the order lipid/aliphatic/peptide-like compounds → tannin-like compounds → condensed aromatic compounds. These insights will improve the prediction of the potential effects of DBC on various contaminants and the risks of biochar application to ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanhao Song
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 10012, China
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Tingting Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 10012, China
| | - Quan Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Fei Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 10012, China
| | - Yingchen Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 10012, China
| | - Fengchang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 10012, China
| | - Baoshan Xing
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
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17
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Wang XY, Yang QP, Tian SJ, Song FH, Guo F, Huang NN, Tan WQ, Bai YC. Photochemical Reactivity of Humic Substances in an Aquatic System Revealed by Excitation-Emission Matrix Fluorescence. Front Chem 2021; 9:679286. [PMID: 34124005 PMCID: PMC8193985 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.679286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The photochemical reactivity of humic substances plays a critical role in the global carbon cycle, and influences the toxicity, mobility, and bioavailability of contaminants by altering their molecular structure and the mineralization of organic carbon to CO2. Here, we examined the simulated irradiation process of Chinese standard fulvic acid (FA) and humic acid (HA) by using excitation-emission matrix fluorescence combined with fluorescence regional integration (FRI), parallel factor (PARAFAC) analysis, and kinetic models. Humic-like and fulvic-like materials were the main materials (constituting more than 90%) of both FA and HA, according to the FRI analysis. Four components were identified by the PARAFAC analysis: fulvic-like components composed of both carboxylic-like and phenolic-like chromophores (C1), terrestrial humic-like components primarily composed of carboxylic-like chromophores (C2), microbial humic-like overwhelming composed of phenolic-like fluorophores (C3), and protein-like components (C4). After irradiation for 72 h, the maximum fluorescence intensity (F max) of C1 and C2 of FA was reduced to 36.01-58.34%, while the F max of C3 of both FA and HA also decreased to 0-9.63%. By contrast, for HA, the F max of its C1 and C2 increased to 236.18-294.77% when irradiated for 72 h due to greater aromaticity and photorefractive tendencies. The first-order kinetic model (R 2 = 0.908-0.990) fitted better than zero-order kinetic model (R 2 = 0-0.754) for the C1, C2, and C3, of both FA and HA, during their photochemical reactivity. The photodegradation rate constant (k 1) of C1 had values (0.105 for FA; 0.154 for HA) that surpassed those of C2 (0.059 for FA, 0.079 for HA) and C3 (0.079 for both FA and HA) based on the first-order kinetic model. The half-life times of C1, C2, and C3 ranged from 6.61-11.77 h to 4.50-8.81 h for FA and HA, respectively. Combining an excitation-emission matrix with FRI and PARAFAC analyses is a powerful approach for elucidating changes to humic substances during their irradiation, which is helpful for predicting the environmental toxicity of contaminants in natural ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yuan Wang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Qi-Peng Yang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Shi-Jie Tian
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Fan-Hao Song
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Nan-Nan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wei-Qiang Tan
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Ying-Chen Bai
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, China.,State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, China
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18
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Seopela MP, Powers LC, Clark C, Heyes A, Gonsior M. Combined fluorescent measurements, parallel factor analysis and GC-mass spectrometry in evaluating the photodegradation of PAHS in freshwater systems. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 269:129386. [PMID: 33383250 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.129386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
To better understand the transformation and photochemical fate of PAHs in aquatic environments, a custom-designed closed-circuit recirculation photodegradation system, combined with inline semi-continuous fluorescence and absorbance measurements, as well as modelling of excitation-emission (EEM) measurements with parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC), and GC-MS analysis, were combined to create a robust tool for holistically assessing the photodegradation of individual PAHs, their mixtures and photoproduct formation. Selected compounds included in the US EPA priority list, representing 2- to 6-ring compounds, were monitored individually and in mixtures, during 24 h photodegradation experiments. Experiments were conducted in solutions simulating ideal (ultrapure water) and environmentally relevant conditions (1.00 mg L-1 Suwannee River Natural Organic Matter (SRNOM)). The fluorescence, primary PARAFAC components and quantification data obtained by GC-MS, indicated that the decline in parent molecule concentration occurred rapidly within 200 min. The degradation rates of parent PAHs increased with aromaticity (6-ring ≫ 2-ring PAHs) and followed pseudo-first order degradation kinetics. The presence and transformation of degradation products, were captured by PARAFAC. NOM influenced the diversity of photoproducts. From the GC-MS results, photoproducts were only detected in Ant, BAnt and the PAH mixture solutions, but optical property analyses indicated that diverse changes occurred with all PAHs. Spectrometric and chromatographic data demonstrated that parent PAHs and photoproducts co-existed at various stages, which is significant for freshwater systems contaminated with these compounds if photoproducts have higher-toxic potential. These results may be used to model the hazard-potential associated with PAHs present in freshwater systems and understanding the mechanisms that govern their environmental fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathapelo Pearl Seopela
- University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Chesapeake Biological Laboratory, Solomons, MD, USA; Department of Chemistry, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, Gauteng, South Africa; University of Johannesburg, Department of Chemical Sciences Auckland Park Campus, PO Box 524 Auckland Park, 2006, South Africa.
| | - Leanne C Powers
- University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Chesapeake Biological Laboratory, Solomons, MD, USA
| | - Cheryl Clark
- University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Chesapeake Biological Laboratory, Solomons, MD, USA
| | - Andrew Heyes
- University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Chesapeake Biological Laboratory, Solomons, MD, USA
| | - Michael Gonsior
- University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Chesapeake Biological Laboratory, Solomons, MD, USA
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19
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Wünsch UJ, Murphy K. A simple method to isolate fluorescence spectra from small dissolved organic matter datasets. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 190:116730. [PMID: 33348069 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is a complex pool of compounds with a key role in the global carbon cycle. To understand its role in natural and engineered systems, efficient approaches are necessary for tracking DOM quality and quantity. Fluorescence spectroscopy combined with parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) is very widely used to identify and quantify different fractions of DOM as proxies of DOM source, concentration and biogeochemical processing. A major limitation of the PARAFAC approach is the requirement for a large data set containing many variable samples in which the fractions vary independently. This severely curtails the possibilities to study fluorescence composition and behavior in small or unique datasets. Herein, we present a simple and inexpensive experimental procedure that makes it possible to mathematically decompose a small dataset containing only highly-correlated fluorescent fractions. The approach, which uses widely-available commercial extraction sorbents and previously established protocols to expand the original dataset and inject the missing chemical variability, can be widely implemented at low cost. A demonstration of the procedure shows how a robust six-component PARAFAC model can be extracted from even a river-water dataset with only five bulk samples. Widespread adoption of the procedure for analyzing small fluorescence datasets is needed to confirm the suspected ubiquity of certain DOM fluorescence fractions and to create a shared inventory of ubiquitous components. Such an inventory could greatly simplify and improve the use of fluorescence as a tool to investigate biogeochemical processing of DOM in diverse water sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urban J Wünsch
- Technical University of Denmark, National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Kemitorvet, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark; Chalmers University of Technology, Architecture and Civil Engineering, Water Environment Technology, Sven Hultins Gata 6, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Kathleen Murphy
- Chalmers University of Technology, Architecture and Civil Engineering, Water Environment Technology, Sven Hultins Gata 6, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden.
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20
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Li Y, Gong X. Effects of Dissolved Organic Matter on the Bioavailability of Heavy Metals During Microbial Dissimilatory Iron Reduction: A Review. REVIEWS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2021; 257:69-92. [PMID: 33977405 DOI: 10.1007/398_2020_63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Dissolved organic matter (DOM), a type of mixture containing complex structures and interactions, has important effects on environmental processes such as the complexation and interface reactions of soil heavy metals. Furthermore, microbial dissimilatory iron reduction (DIR), a key process of soil biogeochemical cycle, is closely related to the migration and transformation of heavy metals and causes the release of DOM by carbon-ferrihydrite associations. This chapter considers the structural properties and characterization techniques of DOM and its interaction with microbial dissimilated iron. The effect of DOM on microbial DIR is specifically manifested as driving force properties, coprecipitation, complexation, and electronic shuttle properties. The study, in addition, further explored the influence of pH, microorganisms, salinity, and light conditions, mechanism of DOM and microbial DIR on the toxicity and bioavailability of different heavy metals. The action mechanism of these factors on heavy metals can be summarized as adsorption coprecipitation, methylation, and redox. Based on the findings of the review, future research is expected to focus on: (1) The combination of DOM functional group structure analysis with high-resolution mass spectrometry technology and electrochemical methods to determine the electron supply in the mechanism of DOM action on DIR; (2) Impact of DOM on differences in structure and functions of plant rhizosphere in heavy metal contaminated soil; and (3) Bioavailability of DOM-dissociative iron-reducing bacteria-heavy metal ternary binding on rhizosphere heavy metals under dynamic changes of water level from the perspective of the differences in DOM properties, such as polarity, molecular weight, and functional group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanhang Li
- School of Resources, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiaofeng Gong
- School of Resources, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.
- Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.
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21
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Wu C, Li Q. Characteristics of organic matter removed from highly saline mature landfill leachate by an emergency disk tube-reverse osmosis treatment system. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 263:128347. [PMID: 33297272 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Some sanitary landfills in China are required to treat aging landfill leachate that is highly saline. In this study, the effectiveness of an emergency disk tube-reverse osmosis (DTRO) treatment system for such a refractory mature landfill leachate was evaluated. A molecular-level analysis was then applied to reveal the changes of the characteristics of leachate organic matter (OM). The DTRO system achieved >83% water recovery rate, reduced the electrical conductivity of effluent to 0.15-0.22 ms/cm, and reduced carbonaceous and nitrogenous pollutants to a level suitable for discharge. Furthermore, the vast majority of salts (e.g., chloride and sulfate ions), as well as refractory OM (e.g., humic- and fulvic-like substances), were effectively removed. The DTRO system can effectively remove a large number of macromolecular dissolved organic compounds with carbon number >23, as well as highly unsaturated compounds with DBE >12. Additionally, > 80% of the molecules assigned to the dissolved OM (DOM) were removed; even CHONS compounds with complex molecular structures were completely removed. The constitution of DOM in the DTRO effluent was simple, mainly comprising anti-sludge agents (e.g., small molecule alcohol and alkyl benzene sulfonic acid, etc.). However, the DOM in the resulting membrane concentrates was very similar to that in raw landfill leachate and the concentration was much higher. Therefore, an effective and feasible method should be developed to treat DTRO membrane concentrates because they pose high environmental risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanwei Wu
- Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 611756, China
| | - Qibin Li
- Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 611756, China.
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22
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Wu G, Fu P, Ram K, Song J, Chen Q, Kawamura K, Wan X, Kang S, Wang X, Laskin A, Cong Z. Fluorescence characteristics of water-soluble organic carbon in atmospheric aerosol ☆. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 268:115906. [PMID: 33120333 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescence spectroscopy is a commonly used technique to analyze dissolved organic matter in aquatic environments. Given the high sensitivity and non-destructive analysis, fluorescence has recently been used to study water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) in atmospheric aerosols, which have substantial abundance, various sources and play an important role in climate change. Yet, current research on WSOC characterization is rather sparse and limited to a few isolated sites, making it challenging to draw fundamental and mechanistic conclusions. Here we presented a review of the fluorescence properties of atmospheric WSOC reported in various field and laboratory studies, to discuss the current advances and limitations of fluorescence applications. We highlighted that photochemical reactions and relevant aging processes have profound impacts on fluorescence properties of atmospheric WSOC, which were previously unnoticed for organic matter in aquatic environments. Furthermore, we discussed the differences in sources and chemical compositions of fluorescent components between the atmosphere and hydrosphere. We concluded that the commonly used fluorescence characteristics derived from aquatic environments may not be applicable as references for atmospheric WSOC. We emphasized that there is a need for more systematic studies on the fluorescence properties of atmospheric WSOC and to establish a more robust reference and dataset for fluorescence studies in atmosphere based on extensive source-specific experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangming Wu
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Pingqing Fu
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Kirpa Ram
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Jianzhong Song
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, PR China
| | - Qingcai Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Kimitaka Kawamura
- Chubu Institute for Advanced Studies, Chubu University, Kasugai, 487-8501, Japan
| | - Xin Wan
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Shichang Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, CAS, Lanzhou, 730000, China; Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiaoping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | | | - Zhiyuan Cong
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
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23
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Contrasting the Optical Characterization of Dissolved Organic Matter in Water and Sediment from a Nascent River-Type Lake (Chongqing, China). WATER 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/w13010070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Carbon cycling in rivers is altered by the creation of impoundments through dam construction. This paper seeks to identify the source and composition of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in both water and sediment in Lake Longjing by contrasting the optical characterization of DOM. By comparing the dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations, we show that the sediment (53.7 ± 16.6 mg/L) acts as a DOC source to the overlying water (23.1 ± 1.4 mg/L). The estimated DOC flux in the original reservoir region (88.3 mg m−2 d−1) is higher than that in the newly submerged region (26 mg m−2 d−1), whereas the latter has larger contribution to the DOC annual load because of its larger sediment area. Spectroscopic analysis suggested that pore waters had higher aromaticity and lower proportion of fresh DOM than those in surface waters and benthic overlying waters. Through Parallel Factor Analysis, four fluorescent components were identified, i.e., two terrestrial humic-like components, one protein-like, and one microbial humic-like. Spearman correlation and Non-Metric-Multidimensional Scaling (NMDS) analysis manifested that fluorescent DOM in surface sediments is mainly contributed by autochthonous source, the others by allochthonous source. Due to the high sensitivity of the fluorescent intensity of the protein-like component, it is a useful indicator to reveal the changes of source of DOM.
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24
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El-Nahhal I, Redon R, Raynaud M, El-Nahhal Y, Mounier S. Characterization of the fate and changes of post-irradiance fluorescence signal of filtered anthropogenic effluent dissolved organic matter from wastewater treatment plant in the coastal zone of Gapeau river. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:23141-23158. [PMID: 32333342 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08842-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic effluent dissolved organic matter (DOM) plays an important role in coastal zone pollution. The objectives of the present study were to characterize the fluorescence signal of anthropogenic effluent DOM from wastewater treatment plant and to evaluate the effect of solar irradiation on the fluorescence signal in the coastal zone. Solar irradiation experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect photochemical degradation using excitation-emission matrix (EEM) method combined with parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC). Results showed high fluorescence of DOM before irradiation and the intensity tends to decrease after 4th and 15th day of irradiation. Rapid photochemical degradation of humic-like fluorophores and appearance of a post-irradiance dominant anthropogenic effluent DOM fluorophores were also observed after irradiation. Our experiments showed a sharp reduction in fluorescence intensity which occurred after 4th day of solar irradiation and the fluorescence signal did not disappeared after 15th day indicating the formation of a specific signal due to solar irradiation. PARAFAC model divided the bulk EEM spectra into three individual fluorescent components with C1 "terrestrial humic-like" and C2 "humic-like of longer wavelength" and C3 is a noisy component with two emission maxima. Multilinear regression of PARAFAC components contribution with mixing composition was most suitable according to the equation C*i = AWWi,0 + AWWi,1.fSW + AWWi,2.fRW, where C*i is the normalized contribution of PARAFAC component number i in a given irradiation day; AWWi,0, AWWi,1, AWWi,2 are the multilinear regression coefficients and contain implicitly the effect of fWW; and WW, SW, and RW are treated wastewater, sea water, and river water respectively. The values of AWWi,0, AWWi,1, and AWWi,2 fitted second-order kinetics with irradiation process with kinetic constant of 9.68, - 987.35, and - 977.67 respectively for C1 equation and the same trend for C2 and no values for C3 due to its noisy character indicating the rapid degradation with increase of fSW and fRW and the predominance of the residual fluorescence coming from fWW which is the content fraction of anthropogenic effluent DOM because AWWi,0 was 100 times less sensitive to photobleaching. A suitable model for predicting the fluorescence EEMs as a function of mixing composition was developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim El-Nahhal
- CNRS, IRD, MIO, Université de Toulon, Aix Marseille Univ, CS 60584, 83041, Toulon Cedex 9, France.
| | - Roland Redon
- CNRS, IRD, MIO, Université de Toulon, Aix Marseille Univ, CS 60584, 83041, Toulon Cedex 9, France
| | - Michel Raynaud
- CNRS, IRD, MIO, Université de Toulon, Aix Marseille Univ, CS 60584, 83041, Toulon Cedex 9, France
| | - Yasser El-Nahhal
- Department of Environmental and Earth Sciences, Faculty of Science, The Islamic University-Gaza, P.O Box 108, 00970, Gaza, Gaza Strip, Palestine
| | - Stéphane Mounier
- CNRS, IRD, MIO, Université de Toulon, Aix Marseille Univ, CS 60584, 83041, Toulon Cedex 9, France
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25
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Boguta P, Sokołowska Z. Zinc Binding to Fulvic acids: Assessing the Impact of pH, Metal Concentrations and Chemical Properties of Fulvic Acids on the Mechanism and Stability of Formed Soluble Complexes. Molecules 2020; 25:E1297. [PMID: 32178414 PMCID: PMC7144464 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25061297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was defined as a complementary analysis of molecular interactions between zinc (Zn) and fulvic acids (FAs) at a broad pH range (3-7), different metal concentrations (0-50 mg dm-3) and chemical properties of FAs and their impact on the Zn binding mechanism, stability, and efficiency. The results showed that the complexation reaction prevailed at pH 6 and 7, whereas protons exchange dominated interactions at pH 3. Stability constant of the complexes increased along with pH (logK increased from ~3.8 to 4.2). Complexation was preferred by less-humidified structures of lower molecular mass containing more oxygen groups. The number of fluorophores available for Zn(II) increased from pH 3 to 7 by ~44%. Depending on the pH, complexation involved a bidentate chelate, monodentate and bidentate bridging mode. Zn(II) binding was insufficiently modeled by the classic Stern-Volmer equation and well described by the double logarithmic equation (R > 0.94) as well as by a modified Stern-Volmer formula assuming the existence of available and unavailable fluorophore populations (R > 0.98). The fluorescence ratio of different fluorophores was proposed as an indicator of the binding affinity of various structures. A positive relationship was found between the fraction of accessible fluorophores and Zn(II) binding at pH 7 determined based on proton release (R = 0.91-0.97). The obtained results can find application in controlling the mobility and bioavailability of Zn in different conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrycja Boguta
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Doświadczalna 4, 20-290 Lublin, Poland;
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26
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Fischer S, McCarty G, Ramirez M, Torrents A. Nitrogen release and leachable organic matter decomposition of anaerobically digested biosolids with variable pre-treatments. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2020; 104:82-93. [PMID: 31972456 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2019.12.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Thermal hydrolysis pretreatments (THP) coupled to anaerobic digestion (AD) are implemented to treat municipal solids, but limited study indicates whether THP-AD materials merit different land application rates than AD biosolids without THP. Three AD biosolids types with either no pretreatment, THP, or two-hour fermentation were evaluated for differences in leachable dissolved organic matter (DOM), DOM decomposition, and nitrogen (N) releases in biosolids incubated in sandy loam soil. DOM characterizations of size exclusion chromatography, FTIR, and fluorescence maxima > Ex: 400 nm indicated similarities in among AD-DOM that contrasted waste activated sludge Milorganite and Suwannee River Organic Matter (SRNOM). Fluorescence peak picking was a more adaptable analysis for shifted leachate spectra than fluorescence regional integration (FRI). Peak ratio analysis is recommended over FRI for biosolids-DOM. The 3-month net inorganic N produced in biosolids-soil incubations was 155 ± 12.1, 149 ± 18.2, 140 ± 17.4, and 354 ± 15.1 mg N/kg for AD biosolids with no pretreatment, fermentation-AD, THP-AD, and Milorganite respectively. Overall, there was limited evidence of differences in leachable organic matter quality or net mineral N release after 105 days for AD solids with or without THP. Red-shifted fluorescence of leachates decayed by day 45 in aerobic biosolids-soil incubations, suggesting that larger, complex carbon sources liberated during solids stabilization may decompose readily in soils. Overall, other variables (source material, AD operation) may have a greater influence on final nutrient releases and organic matter quality than full-scale pretreatments to AD alone. Critical and targeted application of DOM spectroscopy specific to biosolid-leachates will improve use in advanced stabilization studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Fischer
- Marine, Estuarine, and Environmental Sciences Program, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.
| | - Greg McCarty
- USDA Agricultural Research Service, Hydrology & Remote Sensing Laboratory, Beltsville, MD, USA
| | - Mark Ramirez
- District of Columbia Water and Sewer Authority (DC Water) Blue Plains, 5000 Overlook Avenue, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Alba Torrents
- Marine, Estuarine, and Environmental Sciences Program, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.
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27
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Lee HS, Hur J, Lee MH, Brogi SR, Kim TW, Shin HS. Photochemical release of dissolved organic matter from particulate organic matter: Spectroscopic characteristics and disinfection by-product formation potential. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 235:586-595. [PMID: 31276871 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.06.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the photochemical release of dissolved organic matter (DOM) from the particulate organic matter (POM) of soil and litter leaves (broad leaves; coniferous leaves) and compared the releasing characteristics of the DOM using UV-visible and fluorescence spectroscopy. The disinfection by-product formation potential (DBPFP) of the released DOM was also examined. Additional dissolved organic carbon (DOC) was released by UV irradiation for all POM sources (10.58 ± 2.7 mg-C L-1 g-1 for BL, 8.32 ± 2.6 mg-C L-1 g-1 for CL, and 0.20 ± 0.1 mg-C L-1 g-1 for soil). The excitation-emission matrix combined with parallel factor analysis results showed that the photo-released DOM from soil was mainly humic-like components (C1, C3) produced by photodesorption, resulting in high trihalomethane formation potential, while protein-like component (C2) was the major component of the photodissolved DOM from litter leaves, resulting in high haloaceticacid formation potential. Further, DBPFP from soil and litter leaves showed high correlation with humic-like components (C1+C3) and SUVA254, respectively. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that significant amounts of DOM could be released from POM under UV irradiation, although the characteristics and DBP formation of the photo-released DOM were highly dependent upon the POM source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Saem Lee
- Department of Environmental Energy Engineering, Seoul National University of Science & Technology, Seoul 01811, South Korea
| | - Jin Hur
- Department of Environment & Energy, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, South Korea
| | - Mi-Hee Lee
- Department of Environment & Energy, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, South Korea
| | | | - Tae-Wook Kim
- Department of Environmental Energy Engineering, Seoul National University of Science & Technology, Seoul 01811, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Sang Shin
- Department of Environmental Energy Engineering, Seoul National University of Science & Technology, Seoul 01811, South Korea.
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28
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Hemmler D, Gonsior M, Powers LC, Marshall JW, Rychlik M, Taylor AJ, Schmitt‐Kopplin P. Simulated Sunlight Selectively Modifies Maillard Reaction Products in a Wide Array of Chemical Reactions. Chemistry 2019; 25:13208-13217. [PMID: 31314140 PMCID: PMC6856810 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201902804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The photochemical transformation of Maillard reaction products (MRPs) under simulated sunlight into mostly unexplored photoproducts is reported herein. Non-enzymatic glycation of amino acids leads to a heterogeneous class of intermediates with extreme chemical diversity, which is of particular relevance in processed and stored food products as well as in diabetic and age-related protein damage. Here, three amino acids (lysine, arginine, and histidine) were reacted with ribose at 100 °C in water for ten hours. Exposing these model systems to simulated sunlight led to a fast decay of MRPs. The photodegradation of MRPs and the formation of new compounds have been studied by fluorescence spectroscopy and nontargeted (ultra)high-resolution mass spectrometry. Photoreactions showed strong selectivity towards the degradation of electron-rich aromatic heterocycles, such as pyrroles and pyrimidines. The data show that oxidative cleavage mechanisms dominate the formation of photoproducts. The photochemical transformations differed fundamentally from "traditional" thermal Maillard reactions and indicated a high amino acid specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Hemmler
- Comprehensive Foodomics Platform, Analytical Food ChemistryTechnical University MunichMaximus-von-Imhof-Forum 285354FreisingGermany
- Research Unit Analytical BioGeoChemistry (BGC)Helmholtz Zentrum MünchenIngolstädter Landstrasse 185764NeuherbergGermany
| | - Michael Gonsior
- University of Maryland Center for Environmental ScienceChesapeake Biological LaboratorySolomonsUSA
| | - Leanne C. Powers
- University of Maryland Center for Environmental ScienceChesapeake Biological LaboratorySolomonsUSA
| | - James W. Marshall
- The Waltham Centre for Pet NutritionMars Petcare (UK)Waltham-on-the-WoldsLeicestershireLE14 4RTUK
| | - Michael Rychlik
- Comprehensive Foodomics Platform, Analytical Food ChemistryTechnical University MunichMaximus-von-Imhof-Forum 285354FreisingGermany
| | - Andrew J. Taylor
- The Waltham Centre for Pet NutritionMars Petcare (UK)Waltham-on-the-WoldsLeicestershireLE14 4RTUK
| | - Philippe Schmitt‐Kopplin
- Comprehensive Foodomics Platform, Analytical Food ChemistryTechnical University MunichMaximus-von-Imhof-Forum 285354FreisingGermany
- Research Unit Analytical BioGeoChemistry (BGC)Helmholtz Zentrum MünchenIngolstädter Landstrasse 185764NeuherbergGermany
- University of Maryland Center for Environmental ScienceChesapeake Biological LaboratorySolomonsUSA
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29
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Huang M, Li Z, Chen M, Wen J, Xu W, Ding X, Yang R, Luo N, Xing W. In situ investigation of intrinsic relationship between protonation behavior and HA characteristics in sediments. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 683:258-266. [PMID: 31132705 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.05.235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Proton-binding study of humic acid (HA) is critical for describing and modeling the binding mechanism of HA with heavy metals. However, little is known about the intrinsic relationship between protonation behavior and HA characteristics, especially in sediments. In this study, HA was extracted from sediments and combination of spectrographic titration with parallel factor analysis, Gaussian fitting model and two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy analysis was developed as a novel in-situ tool. Results indicated that the intensity changes of fluorophores of sediment HA might be dependent on the structure characteristics (fused or non-fused ring) of phenolic species in the protonation process. Compared with phenolic groups (A1, 5.27 ± 0.05 eV; A3, 3.91 ± 0.02 eV), the carboxyl groups (A2, 4.65 ± 0.03 eV) exhibited greater contribution in the response of chromophores to the protonation process of sediment HA. Furthermore, proton binding to sediment HA first occurred in carboxyl groups and then in phenolic groups. The combined technique is a promising approach for the examination of the binding sites, binding capacities, and binding order in proton-HA binding process under environmental concentrations. Importantly, this method is a sensitive, effective and non-destructive technique without any need pre-concentrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Huang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Zhongwu Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China; College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, PR China.
| | - Ming Chen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Jiajun Wen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Weihua Xu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Xiang Ding
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Ren Yang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Ninglin Luo
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Wenle Xing
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
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Ma J, Zhou H, Yan S, Song W. Kinetics studies and mechanistic considerations on the reactions of superoxide radical ions with dissolved organic matter. WATER RESEARCH 2019; 149:56-64. [PMID: 30419467 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.10.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Superoxide ion (O2•-) is one of the short lived reactive oxygen species (ROS) formed in aquatic environments. The reactions of O2•- with the model dissolved organic matter (DOM) were studied using a chemiluminescent analysis method under relevant environmental conditions. The reaction of O2•- with DOM produced reduced DOM (DOM•-) by fast one-electron-transfer in the initial stage. This process resulted an initial "loss" in the O2•- decay kinetics. DOM•- is unstable which will continue react with O2•- generating H2O2 to complete a catalytic dismutation cycle. Based on analyzing the observed pseudo-first order O2•- decay rates (kpseudo), the quasi-steady-state concentration of DOM•- is found to be equal to the initial loss of O2•-. Thus, the rate constant for DOM•- with HO2•/O2•- is derived to be (1.1-1.9) × 106 M-1 s-1 in the temperature range of 7.8-41.4 °C. Meanwhile, the apparent rate constant for DOM with O2•- in a flow cell during a short time (2.25 s) is measured as (1.5-3.3) × 103 MC-1 s-1 in the temperature range of 8.2-38.6 °C. These temperature dependent O2•- reaction rate constants present an apparent activation energy of (19.6 ± 2.9) kJ molC-1 for DOM, while that of DOM•- (12.5 ± 3.5 kJ mol-1) is lower. For the pseudo-first order decay rate of O2•-, the catalyzed-dismutation by metal components ranges from 13 to 23%; the contribution by aromatic ketones of DOM is estimated to be 10-13% by using NaBH4 reduction method. The residual contribution might mainly occur at the quinone-like groups, which contributed 64%-77% to the total dismutation. The pH effects on the apparent catalytic rate constants dominate the reaction of O2•- with DOM. The present work suggests that DOM is an important sink for O2•- in aquatic environments. Furthermore, we proposed that the reaction of O2•- with DOM could be a potential source of DOM•- in natural water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianzhong Ma
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, PR China
| | - Huaxi Zhou
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, PR China
| | - Shuwen Yan
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200080, PR China
| | - Weihua Song
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200080, PR China.
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31
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Zhang YN, Zhao J, Zhou Y, Qu J, Chen J, Li C, Qin W, Zhao Y, Peijnenburg WJGM. Combined effects of dissolved organic matter, pH, ionic strength and halides on photodegradation of oxytetracycline in simulated estuarine waters. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2019; 21:155-162. [PMID: 30620012 DOI: 10.1039/c8em00473k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Estuarine waters of variable compositions are sinks for many micropollutants. The varying water properties can impact the photodegradation of organic pollutants. In this study, the combined effects of dissolved organic matter (DOM), pH, ionic strength, and halides on the photodegradation of the model organic pollutant oxytetracycline (OTC) were investigated. Suwannee River natural organic matter (SRNOM) was used as a representative DOM. The results showed that the observed photolysis rate constant (kobs) of OTC increased rapidly upon increase of pH. SRNOM induced a 11.0-17.9% decrease of the kobs for OTC. In the presence of SRNOM, the ionic strength and specific halide effects promote OTC photodegradation with a 39.2-84.2% and 7.1-28.8% increase of the kobs, respectively. The effects of SRNOM, ionic strength and halides on OTC photodegradation are pH-dependent. Direct photolysis half-lives (t1/2) of OTC were estimated in view of the more important role of direct photolysis compared to indirect photolysis. The estimated t1/2 values decreased from 187.4-206.6 d to 34.4-36.6 d as the pH increases in the Yellow River estuarine region. The results of this research demonstrate that the photodegradation rate of OTC increases rapidly in the gradient from river water to marine water in estuarine regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Nan Zhang
- School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, China.
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32
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Barbosa MO, Ribeiro AR, Ratola N, Hain E, Homem V, Pereira MFR, Blaney L, Silva AMT. Spatial and seasonal occurrence of micropollutants in four Portuguese rivers and a case study for fluorescence excitation-emission matrices. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 644:1128-1140. [PMID: 30743826 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.06.355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The European Union (EU) has recommended the monitoring of specific priority substances (PSs, Directive 2013/39) and some contaminants of emerging concern (CECs, Decision 2015/495) in surface waterbodies. The present study provides spatial distributions and temporal variations of a wide range of multi-class PSs and CECs in four stressed rivers in Portugal (Ave, Leça, Antuã, and Cértima). Thirteen micropollutants were found in all four rivers, including the priority pesticide isoproturon (up to 92 ng L-1), various pharmaceuticals (up to 396 ng L-1), and the UV-filter 2-ethyl-hexyl-4-methoxycinnamate (EHMC, up to 562 ng L-1) identified in Decision 2015/495. The industrial priority compound perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) was found in three rivers (Antuã, Cértima, and Leça) below the method quantification limit, together with four pharmaceuticals not included in these EU guidelines. The already banned priority pesticide atrazine was detected in Ave, Antuã, and Leça (up to 41 ng L-1) and simazine in Cértima and Leça (up to 26 ng L-1). Acetamiprid and imidacloprid (included in Decision 2015/495) were only detected during the dry season in the Ave. Leça river was selected as a waterbody case study for assessment of fluorescence excitation-emission matrices (EEMs). These results matched the spatial distribution trend of micropollutants along the river, with stronger fluorescence response and higher concentrations being found downstream of industrial areas and urban wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Moreover, the fluorescence signature of surface water collected downstream of an urban WWTP aligned very well with that obtained for the respective WWTP effluent. Thus, actions are needed to preserve a good environmental status of these stressed European waterbodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta O Barbosa
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering - Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana R Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering - Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Nuno Ratola
- LEPABE-Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ethan Hain
- University of Maryland Baltimore County, Department of Chemical, Biochemical, and Environmental Engineering, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA
| | - Vera Homem
- LEPABE-Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, Porto, Portugal
| | - M Fernando R Pereira
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering - Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Lee Blaney
- University of Maryland Baltimore County, Department of Chemical, Biochemical, and Environmental Engineering, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA
| | - Adrián M T Silva
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering - Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
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33
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Song F, Wu F, Feng W, Tang Z, Giesy JP, Guo F, Shi D, Liu X, Qin N, Xing B, Bai Y. Fluorescence regional integration and differential fluorescence spectroscopy for analysis of structural characteristics and proton binding properties of fulvic acid sub-fractions. J Environ Sci (China) 2018; 74:116-125. [PMID: 30340665 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2018.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Revised: 02/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Structural characteristics and proton binding properties of sub-fractions (FA3-FA13) of fulvic acid (FA), eluted stepwise by pyrophosphate buffer were examined by use of fluorescence titration combined with fluorescence regional integration (FRI) and differential fluorescence spectroscopy (DFS). Humic-like (H-L) and fulvic-like (F-L) materials, which accounted for more than 80% of fluorescence response, were dominant in five sub-fractions of FA. Based on FRI analysis, except the response of F-L materials in FA9 and FA13, maximum changes in percent fluorescence response were less than 10% as pH was increased from 2.5 to 11.5. Contents of carboxylic and phenolic groups were compared for fluorescence peaks of FA sub-fractions based on pH-dependent fluorescence derived from DFS. Static quenching was the dominant mechanism for binding of protons by FA sub-fractions. Dissociation constants (pKa) were calculated by use of results of DFS and the modified Stern-Volmer relationship. The pKa of H-L, F-L, tryptophan-like and tyrosine-like materials of FA sub-fractions exhibited ranges of 3.17-4.06, 3.12-3.97, 4.14-4.45 and 4.25-4.76, respectively, for acidic pHs. At basic pHs, values of pKa for corresponding materials were in ranges of 9.71-10.24, 9.62-10.99, 9.67-10.31 and 9.33-10.28, respectively. At acidic pH, protein-like (P-L) materials had greater affinities for protons than did either H-L or F-L materials. The di-carboxylic and phenolic groups were likely predominant sites of protonation for both H-L and F-L materials at both acidic and basic pHs. Amino acid groups were significant factors during proton binding to protein-like materials of FA sub-fractions at basic pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanhao Song
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Science, Beijing 10012, China
| | - Fengchang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Science, Beijing 10012, China.
| | - Weiying Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Science, Beijing 10012, China
| | - Zhi Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Science, Beijing 10012, China
| | - John P Giesy
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Science, Beijing 10012, China; Department of Biomedical and Veterinary Biosciences and Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, SK S7N 5B3, Canada
| | - Fei Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Science, Beijing 10012, China
| | - Di Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Science, Beijing 10012, China
| | - Xiaofei Liu
- College of Resources, Environment and Tourism, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Ning Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Science, Beijing 10012, China
| | - Baoshan Xing
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Yingchen Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Science, Beijing 10012, China.
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34
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Okazaki Y, Salcher MM, Callieri C, Nakano SI. The Broad Habitat Spectrum of the CL500-11 Lineage (Phylum Chloroflexi), a Dominant Bacterioplankton in Oxygenated Hypolimnia of Deep Freshwater Lakes. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2891. [PMID: 30542336 PMCID: PMC6277806 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
CL500-11 (phylum Chloroflexi) is one of the most ubiquitous and abundant bacterioplankton lineages in deep freshwater lakes inhabiting the oxygenated hypolimnion. While metagenomics predicted possible eco-physiological characteristics of this uncultured lineage, no consensus on their ecology has so far been reached, partly because their niche is not clearly understood due to a limited number of quantitative field observations. This study investigated the abundance and distribution of CL500-11 in seven deep perialpine lakes using catalyzed reporter deposition-fluorescence in situ hybridization (CARD-FISH). Samples were taken vertically (5–12 depths in each lake) and temporally (in two lakes) at the deepest point of the lakes located in Switzerland, Italy, and Austria with varying depth, trophic state, mixing regime, and water retention time. The results showed a dominance of CL500-11 in all the lakes; their proportion to total prokaryotes ranged from 4.3% (Mondsee) to 24.3% (Lake Garda) and their abundance ranged from 0.65 × 105 (Mondsee) to 1.77 × 105 (Lake Garda) cells mL-1. By summarizing available information on CL500-11 occurrence to date, we demonstrated their broad habitat spectrum, ranging from ultra-oligotrophic to meso-eutrophic lakes, while low abundances or complete absence was observed in lakes with shallow depth, low pH, and/or short water retention time (<1 year). Together with available metagenomic and geochemical evidences from literatures, here we reviewed potential substrates supporting growth of CL500-11. Overall, the present study further endorsed ubiquity and quantitative significance of CL500-11 in deep freshwater systems and narrowed the focus on their physiological characteristics and ecological importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Okazaki
- Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, Otsu, Japan.,Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Michaela M Salcher
- Limnological Station, Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Cristiana Callieri
- CNR-IRSA Institute of Water Research, Microbial Ecology Group, Verbania, Italy
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35
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Murphy KR, Timko SA, Gonsior M, Powers LC, Wünsch UJ, Stedmon CA. Photochemistry Illuminates Ubiquitous Organic Matter Fluorescence Spectra. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:11243-11250. [PMID: 30157380 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b02648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Dissolved organic matter (DOM) in aquatic environments forms a vast reservoir of carbon present as a complex supermixture of compounds. An efficient approach to tracking the production and removal of specific DOM fractions is needed across disciplines, for purposes that range from improving global carbon budgets to optimizing water treatment in engineered systems. Although widely used to study DOM, fluorescence spectroscopy has yet to deliver specific fractions with known spectral properties and predictable distributions. Here, we mathematically isolate four visible-wavelength fluorescent fractions in samples from contrasting lake, river, and ocean environments. Using parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC), we show that most measured fluorescence in environmental samples can be explained by ubiquitous spectra with nearly stable optical properties and photodegradation behaviors over environmental pH gradients. Sample extraction changed bulk fluorescence spectra but not the number or shape of underlying PARAFAC components, while photobleaching preferentially removed the two longest-wavelength components. New approaches to analyzing fluorescence data sets incorporating these findings should improve the interpretation of DOM fluorescence and increase its utility for tracing organic matter biogeochemistry in aquatic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- K R Murphy
- Architecture and Civil Engineering , Chalmers University of Technology , 41296 Gothenburg , Sweden
| | - S A Timko
- Kennedy/Jenks Consultants 1191 Second Avenue, Suite 630 Seattle , Washington 98101 , United States
| | - M Gonsior
- University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Chesapeake Biological Laboratory , 146 Williams Street , Solomons , Maryland 20688 , United States
| | - L C Powers
- University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Chesapeake Biological Laboratory , 146 Williams Street , Solomons , Maryland 20688 , United States
| | - U J Wünsch
- Architecture and Civil Engineering , Chalmers University of Technology , 41296 Gothenburg , Sweden
| | - C A Stedmon
- National Institute of Aquatic Resources , Technical University of Denmark , 2800 Kongens Lyngby , Denmark
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36
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Creed IF, Bergström AK, Trick CG, Grimm NB, Hessen DO, Karlsson J, Kidd KA, Kritzberg E, McKnight DM, Freeman EC, Senar OE, Andersson A, Ask J, Berggren M, Cherif M, Giesler R, Hotchkiss ER, Kortelainen P, Palta MM, Vrede T, Weyhenmeyer GA. Global change-driven effects on dissolved organic matter composition: Implications for food webs of northern lakes. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2018; 24:3692-3714. [PMID: 29543363 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Northern ecosystems are experiencing some of the most dramatic impacts of global change on Earth. Rising temperatures, hydrological intensification, changes in atmospheric acid deposition and associated acidification recovery, and changes in vegetative cover are resulting in fundamental changes in terrestrial-aquatic biogeochemical linkages. The effects of global change are readily observed in alterations in the supply of dissolved organic matter (DOM)-the messenger between terrestrial and lake ecosystems-with potentially profound effects on the structure and function of lakes. Northern terrestrial ecosystems contain substantial stores of organic matter and filter or funnel DOM, affecting the timing and magnitude of DOM delivery to surface waters. This terrestrial DOM is processed in streams, rivers, and lakes, ultimately shifting its composition, stoichiometry, and bioavailability. Here, we explore the potential consequences of these global change-driven effects for lake food webs at northern latitudes. Notably, we provide evidence that increased allochthonous DOM supply to lakes is overwhelming increased autochthonous DOM supply that potentially results from earlier ice-out and a longer growing season. Furthermore, we assess the potential implications of this shift for the nutritional quality of autotrophs in terms of their stoichiometry, fatty acid composition, toxin production, and methylmercury concentration, and therefore, contaminant transfer through the food web. We conclude that global change in northern regions leads not only to reduced primary productivity but also to nutritionally poorer lake food webs, with discernible consequences for the trophic web to fish and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irena F Creed
- School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | | | - Charles G Trick
- Interfaculty Program on Public Health & Department of Biology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Nancy B Grimm
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Dag O Hessen
- Section for Aquatic Biology and Toxicology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jan Karlsson
- Climate Impacts Research Centre, Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Karen A Kidd
- Department of Biology and Canadian Rivers Institute, University of New Brunswick, Saint John, NB, Canada
| | | | | | - Erika C Freeman
- Department of Geography, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Oscar E Senar
- Department of Geography, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Agneta Andersson
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jenny Ask
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Martin Berggren
- Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Mehdi Cherif
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Reiner Giesler
- Climate Impacts Research Centre, Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Erin R Hotchkiss
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | | | - Monica M Palta
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Tobias Vrede
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Gesa A Weyhenmeyer
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, Limnology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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37
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Song F, Wu F, Guo F, Wang H, Feng W, Zhou M, Deng Y, Bai Y, Xing B, Giesy JP. Interactions between stepwise-eluted sub-fractions of fulvic acids and protons revealed by fluorescence titration combined with EEM-PARAFAC. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 605-606:58-65. [PMID: 28654809 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.06.164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Revised: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In aquatic environments, pH can control environmental behaviors of fulvic acid (FA) via regulating hydrolysis of functional groups. Sub-fractions of FA, eluted using pyrophosphate buffers with initial pHs of 3.0 (FA3), 5.0 (FA5), 7.0 (FA7), 9.0 (FA9) and 13.0 (FA13), were used to explore interactions between the various, operationally defined, FA fractions and protons, by use of EEM-PARAFAC analysis. Splitting of peaks (FA3 and FA13), merging of peaks (FA7), disappearance of peaks (FA9 and FA13), and red/blue-shifting of peaks were observed during fluorescence titration. Fulvic-like components were identified from FA3-FA13, and protein-like components were observed in fractions FA9 and FA13. There primary compounds (carboxylic-like, phenolic-like, and protein-like chromophores) in PARAFAC components were distinguished based on acid-base properties. Dissociation constants (pKa) for fulvic-like components with proton ranged from 2.43 to 4.13 in an acidic pH and from 9.95 to 11.27 at basic pH. These results might be due to protonation of di-carboxylate and phenolic functional groups. At basic pH, pKa values of protein-like components (9.77-10.13) were similar to those of amino acids. However, at acidic pH, pKa values of protein-like components, which ranged from 3.33 to 4.22, were 1-2units greater than those of amino acids. Results presented here, will benefit understanding of environmental behaviors of FA, as well as interactions of FA with environmental contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanhao Song
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Science, Beijing 10012, China
| | - Fengchang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Science, Beijing 10012, China
| | - Fei Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Science, Beijing 10012, China
| | - Hao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Science, Beijing 10012, China
| | - Weiying Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Science, Beijing 10012, China
| | - Min Zhou
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266033, China
| | - Yanghui Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Science, Beijing 10012, China
| | - Yingchen Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Science, Beijing 10012, China.
| | - Baoshan Xing
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - John P Giesy
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Science, Beijing 10012, China; Department of Biomedical and Veterinary Biosciences, Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, SK S7N 5B3, Canada
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38
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Mangalgiri KP, Blaney L. Elucidating the Stimulatory and Inhibitory Effects of Dissolved Organic Matter from Poultry Litter on Photodegradation of Antibiotics. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:12310-12320. [PMID: 28952731 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b03482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the photolytic fate of the chlortetracycline (CTC), ciprofloxacin (CIP), roxarsone (ROX), and sulfamethoxazole (SMX) antibiotics in agriculturally relevant matrices. The observed photodegradation kinetics for antibiotics in solutions containing dissolved organic matter (DOM) from three poultry litter extracts was modeled to identify contributions from direct and indirect photolysis. Suwannee River natural organic matter (SRN) was used as a surrogate DOM standard. Poultry litter-derived DOM generated lower concentrations of reactive species compared to SRN. Direct photolysis was the dominant transformation mechanism for CIP, whereas CTC, ROX, and SMX were sensitized by 3DOM* and 1O2. The impacts of agricultural DOM on photodegradation of antibiotics were identified in terms of pseudo-first-order rate constants for formation of reactive species and second-order rate constants for reaction of reactive species with DOM. Solutions containing poultry litter-derived DOM generated similar levels of 3DOM* and 1O2, enhancing degradation of CTC, ROX, and SMX. The reactivity of SMX was markedly different in solutions containing poultry litter DOM compared to solutions with SRN, indicating that the photolytic fate of select antibiotics varies for agricultural and surface water matrices. As the majority of antibiotics are consumed by animals, these findings provide new insight into agriculturally relevant transformation mechanisms and kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiranmayi P Mangalgiri
- Department of Chemical, Biochemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland Baltimore County , 1000 Hilltop Circle, ECS 314, Baltimore, Maryland 21250, United States
| | - Lee Blaney
- Department of Chemical, Biochemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland Baltimore County , 1000 Hilltop Circle, ECS 314, Baltimore, Maryland 21250, United States
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39
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Hu B, Wang P, Hou J, Wang C, Qian J, Zhang N, Yuan Q. Effects of titanium dioxide (TiO 2) nanoparticles on the photodissolution of particulate organic matter: Insights from fluorescence spectroscopy and environmental implications. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 229:19-28. [PMID: 28575712 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.05.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2016] [Revised: 04/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Widely used titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles are likely to accumulate ultimately in sediments and potentially pose a risk to water ecosystems. This study evaluated the effect of TiO2 nanoparticles on the photodissolution of particulate organic matter (POM) through fluorescence spectroscopy. Excitation-emission matrices and parallel factor analyses revealed that the fluorescent characteristics of produced dissolved organic matter (DOM) during photodissolution of suspended sediment and synthetic particulate organic matter (SPOM) were primarily humic-like. SPOM particles appeared to simulate well the photodissolution of suspended sediment. Quasi-complete increases in fluorescence intensity and chromophoric DOM (CDOM) abundance were reached after 90, 60, and 50 min irradiation for TiO2 concentrations of 0, 2, and 5 mg L-1, respectively. The faster increment of fluorescence intensity and CDOM abundance indicated the photocatalytic dissolution of SPOM, as opposite charges between TiO2 and SPOM at pH = 4 favored the adsorption of TiO2 onto SPOM. For sediments, the CDOM abundance and fluorescence intensity decreased with increasing TiO2 concentration, resulting from the photocatalytic degradation of photoproduced DOM from sediments. These results demonstrated that pH plays an important role in the photocatalytic dissolution of POM by TiO2. Therefore, appropriate pH controls should be implemented when TiO2 are used to treat sediments contaminated with organic pollutants. Finally, with increasing use of TiO2, its accumulation in sediments may affect the fate of carbon, nutrients, and heavy metals in shallow-water ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Hu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Peifang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China.
| | - Jun Hou
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Jin Qian
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Nannan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Qiusheng Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
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Dutta Majumdar R, Bliumkin L, Lane D, Soong R, Simpson M, Simpson AJ. Analysis of DOM phototransformation using a looped NMR system integrated with a sunlight simulator. WATER RESEARCH 2017; 120:64-76. [PMID: 28478296 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.04.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Revised: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Photochemical transformation plays an important role in functionalizing and degrading dissolved organic matter (DOM), producing one of the most complex mixtures known. In this study, using a flow-based design, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is directly interfaced with a sunlight simulator enabling the study of DOM photodegradation in situ with high temporal resolution over 5 days. Samples from Suwannee River (Florida), Nordic Reservoir (Norway), and Pony Lake (Antarctic) are studied. Phototransformation of DOM is dominated by the degradation of aromatics and unsaturated structures (many arising from lignin) into carboxylated and hydroxylated products. To assess longer term changes, the samples were continuously irradiated for 17.5 days, followed by the identification a wide range of compounds and assessment of their fate using off-line 2D-NMR. This study demonstrates the applicability of the looped system to follow degradation in a non-targeted fashion (the mixture as a whole) and target analysis (tracing specific metabolites), which holds great potential to study the fate and transformation of contaminants and nutrients in the presence of DOM. It also demonstrates that components that remain unresolved in 1D NMR can be identified using 2D methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudraksha Dutta Majumdar
- Environmental NMR Centre, Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Liora Bliumkin
- Environmental NMR Centre, Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Daniel Lane
- Environmental NMR Centre, Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Ronald Soong
- Environmental NMR Centre, Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Myrna Simpson
- Environmental NMR Centre, Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - André J Simpson
- Environmental NMR Centre, Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, M1C 1A4, Canada.
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Sulfate Reduction in Sediments Produces High Levels of Chromophoric Dissolved Organic Matter. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8829. [PMID: 28821807 PMCID: PMC5562794 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09223-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Sulfate reduction plays an important role in altering dissolved organic matter (DOM) in estuarine and coastal sediments, although its role in the production of optically active chromophoric DOM (CDOM) and a subset of fluorescent DOM (FDOM) has not been previously investigated in detail. Freshwater sediment slurries were incubated anaerobically with added sulfate and acetate to promote sulfate-reducing bacteria. Ultraviolet visible (UV-Vis) absorbance and 3-dimensional excitation emission matrix (EEM) fluorescence spectra were measured over a five weeks anaerobic dark incubation period. Parallel Factor Analysis (PARAFAC) of FDOM determined components that increased significantly during dark and anaerobic incubation matching three components previously considered of terrestrially-derived or humic-like origin published in the OpenFluor database. The observed FDOM increase was strongly correlated (R2 = 0.96) with the reduction of sulfate. These results show a direct experimental link between sulfate reduction and FDOM production, which impacts our understanding of coastal FDOM sources and early sediment diagenesis. As 3D fluorescence techniques are commonly applied to diverse systems, these results provide increasing support that FDOM can have many diverse sources not consistently captured by common classifications such as “humic-like” fluorescence.
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Mangalgiri KP, Timko SA, Gonsior M, Blaney L. PARAFAC Modeling of Irradiation- and Oxidation-Induced Changes in Fluorescent Dissolved Organic Matter Extracted from Poultry Litter. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:8036-8047. [PMID: 28603977 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b06589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) applied to fluorescence excitation emission matrices (EEMs) allows quantitative assessment of the composition of fluorescent dissolved organic matter (DOM). In this study, we fit a four-component EEM-PARAFAC model to characterize DOM extracted from poultry litter. The data set included fluorescence EEMs from 291 untreated, irradiated (253.7 nm, 310-410 nm), and oxidized (UV-H2O2, ozone) poultry litter extracts. The four components were identified as microbial humic-, terrestrial humic-, tyrosine-, and tryptophan-like fluorescent signatures. The Tucker's congruence coefficients for components from the global (i.e., aggregated sample set) model and local (i.e., single poultry litter source) models were greater than 0.99, suggesting that the global EEM-PARAFAC model may be suitable to study poultry litter DOM from individual sources. In general, the transformation trends of the four fluorescence components were comparable for all poultry litter sources tested. For irradiation at 253.7 nm, ozonation, and UV-H2O2 advanced oxidation, transformation of the humic-like components was slower than that of the tryptophan-like component. The opposite trend was observed for irradiation at 310-410 nm, due to differences in UV absorbance properties of components. Compared to the other EEM-PARAFAC components, the tyrosine-like component was fairly recalcitrant in irradiation and oxidation processes. This novel application of EEM-PARAFAC modeling provides insight into the composition and fate of agricultural DOM in natural and engineered systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiranmayi P Mangalgiri
- University of Maryland Baltimore County Department of Chemical, Biochemical and Environmental Engineering 1000 Hilltop Circle, ECS 314 Baltimore, Maryland 21250 United States
| | - Stephen A Timko
- Kennedy/Jenks Consultants 1191 Second Avenue, Suite 630 Seattle, Washington 98101, United States
| | - Michael Gonsior
- University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science Chesapeake Biological Laboratory 146 Williams Street, P.O. Box 38 Solomons, Maryland 20688, United States
| | - Lee Blaney
- University of Maryland Baltimore County Department of Chemical, Biochemical and Environmental Engineering 1000 Hilltop Circle, ECS 314 Baltimore, Maryland 21250 United States
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Zhao Z, Gonsior M, Luek J, Timko S, Ianiri H, Hertkorn N, Schmitt-Kopplin P, Fang X, Zeng Q, Jiao N, Chen F. Picocyanobacteria and deep-ocean fluorescent dissolved organic matter share similar optical properties. Nat Commun 2017; 8:15284. [PMID: 28513605 PMCID: PMC5442323 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) and its related fluorescent components (FDOM), which are widely distributed but highly photobleached in the surface ocean, are critical in regulating light attenuation in the ocean. However, the origins of marine FDOM are still under investigation. Here we show that cultured picocyanobacteria, Synechococcus and Prochlorococcus, release FDOM that closely match the typical fluorescent signals found in oceanic environments. Picocyanobacterial FDOM also shows comparable apparent fluorescent quantum yields and undergoes similar photo-degradation behaviour when compared with deep-ocean FDOM, further strengthening the similarity between them. Ultrahigh-resolution mass spectrometry (MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy reveal abundant nitrogen-containing compounds in Synechococcus DOM, which may originate from degradation products of the fluorescent phycobilin pigments. Given the importance of picocyanobacteria in the global carbon cycle, our results indicate that picocyanobacteria are likely to be important sources of marine autochthonous FDOM, which may accumulate in the deep ocean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Marine Environmental Science, Institution of Marine Microbes and Ecosphere, College of Ocean and Earth Science, Xiamen University, Xiang'an Campus, Xiang'an South Road, Xiamen 361102, China
- Institute of Marine and Science Technology, Shandong University, Joint Lab of Microbial Oceanography at QNLMST, Wenhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Michael Gonsior
- Chesapeake Biological Laboratory, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, 146 Williams Street, Solomons, Maryland 20688, USA
| | - Jenna Luek
- Chesapeake Biological Laboratory, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, 146 Williams Street, Solomons, Maryland 20688, USA
| | - Stephen Timko
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California Irvine, E4130 Engineering Gateway Building, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - Hope Ianiri
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Norbert Hertkorn
- Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt, Research Unit Analytical BioGeoChemistry, Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Philippe Schmitt-Kopplin
- Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt, Research Unit Analytical BioGeoChemistry, Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Analytical Food Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Alte Akademie 10, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Xiaoting Fang
- Environmental Science Programs, School of Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Qinglu Zeng
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Nianzhi Jiao
- State Key Laboratory for Marine Environmental Science, Institution of Marine Microbes and Ecosphere, College of Ocean and Earth Science, Xiamen University, Xiang'an Campus, Xiang'an South Road, Xiamen 361102, China
- Institute of Marine and Science Technology, Shandong University, Joint Lab of Microbial Oceanography at QNLMST, Wenhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Feng Chen
- Institute of Marine and Science Technology, Shandong University, Joint Lab of Microbial Oceanography at QNLMST, Wenhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
- Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, 701 East Pratt Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21202, USA
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Zhou Y, Yao X, Zhang Y, Shi K, Zhang Y, Jeppesen E, Gao G, Zhu G, Qin B. Potential rainfall-intensity and pH-driven shifts in the apparent fluorescent composition of dissolved organic matter in rainwater. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 224:638-648. [PMID: 28259581 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.02.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Revised: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Perturbations of rainwater chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) fluorescence induced by changes in rainfall intensity and pH were investigated by field observations and laboratory pH titrations. Microbial humic-like fluorophores dominated the rainwater CDOM pool, followed by tryptophan-like and tyrosine-like substances. Increased rainfall intensity had notable dilution effects on all six fluorescent components (C1-C6) identified using parallel factor (PARAFAC) analysis, the effect being especially pronounced for the microbial humic-like C1, tryptophan-like C3, and tyrosine-like C5. The results also indicated that increasing pH from 7 to 9 led to decreased fluorescence intensity (Fmax) of all the six components, while a pH increase from 5 to 7, resulted in increasing Fmax of terrestrial humic-like C2, tyrosine-like C5, and tryptophan-like C6 and decreasing microbial humic-like C1, tryptophan-like C3, and fulvic-like C4. Two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy (2D-COS) demonstrated that synchronous fluorescence responded first to pH modifications at fulvic-like wavelength (λEx/λEm = ∼316/416 nm), followed by tyrosine-like wavelength (λEx/λEm = ∼204/304 nm), tryptophan-like wavelength (λEx/λEm = ∼226/326 nm), microbial humic-like wavelength (∼295/395 nm), and finally terrestrial humic-like wavelength (∼360/460 nm). Our results suggest that a decrease in areas affected by acid rain in South China occurring at present may possibly result in apparent compositional changes of CDOM fluorescence. The decreased rainfall in South-West China and increased rainfall in North-West China during the past five decades may possibly accordingly result in increased and decreased Fmax of all the six components identified in South-West and North-West China, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongqiang Zhou
- Taihu Laboratory for Lake Ecosystem Research, State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Sino-Danish Centre for Education and Research, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xiaolong Yao
- Taihu Laboratory for Lake Ecosystem Research, State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yibo Zhang
- Taihu Laboratory for Lake Ecosystem Research, State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Kun Shi
- Taihu Laboratory for Lake Ecosystem Research, State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Yunlin Zhang
- Taihu Laboratory for Lake Ecosystem Research, State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China.
| | - Erik Jeppesen
- Sino-Danish Centre for Education and Research, Beijing 100190, China; Department of Bioscience and Arctic Research Centre, Aarhus University, DK-8600 Silkeborg, Denmark
| | - Guang Gao
- Taihu Laboratory for Lake Ecosystem Research, State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Guangwei Zhu
- Taihu Laboratory for Lake Ecosystem Research, State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Boqiang Qin
- Taihu Laboratory for Lake Ecosystem Research, State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
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Yan S, Yao B, Lian L, Lu X, Snyder SA, Li R, Song W. Development of Fluorescence Surrogates to Predict the Photochemical Transformation of Pharmaceuticals in Wastewater Effluents. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:2738-2747. [PMID: 28199788 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b05251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The photochemical transformation of pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) in wastewater effluents is an emerging concern for environmental scientists. In the current study, the photodegradation of 29 PPCPs was examined in effluents under simulated solar irradiation. Direct photodegradation, triplet state effluent organic matter (3EfOM*)-mediated and hydroxyl radical (HO•)-mediated degradation are three major pathways in the removal process. With the photodegradation of trace levels of PPCPs, the excitation-emission matrix (EEM) fluorescence intensities of the effluents were also gradually reduced. Therefore, fluorescence peaks have been identified, for the first time, as appropriate surrogates to assess the photodegradation of PPCPs. The humic-like fluorescence peak is linked to direct photolysis-labile PPCPs, such as naproxen, ronidazole, diclofenac, ornidazole, tinidazole, chloramphenicol, flumequine, ciprofloxacin, methadone, and dimetridazole. The tyrosine-like EEM peak is associated with HO•/CO3•--labile PPCPs, such as trimethoprim, ibuprofen, gemfibrozil, atenolol, carbamazepine, and cephalexin. The tryptophan-like peak is associated with 3EfOM*-labile PPCPs, such as clenbuterol, metoprolol, venlafaxine, bisphenol A, propranolol, ractopamine, salbutamol, roxithromycin, clarithromycin, azithromycin, famotidine, terbutaline, and erythromycin. The reduction in EEM fluorescence correlates well with the removal of PPCPs, allowing a model to be constructed. The solar-driven removal of EEM fluorescence was applied to predict the attenuation of 11 PPCPs in five field samples. A close correlation between the predicted results and the experimental results suggests that fluorescence may be a suitable surrogate for monitoring the solar-driven photodegradation of PPCPs in effluents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuwen Yan
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University , Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Bo Yao
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University , Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Lushi Lian
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University , Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Xinchen Lu
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University , Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Shane A Snyder
- Department of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, University of Arizona , Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University , Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Weihua Song
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University , Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
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46
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Liu G, Tang Q, Zhou Y, Cao X, Zhao J, Zhu D. Photo-induced phosphate released from organic phosphorus degradation in deionized and natural water. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2017; 16:467-475. [DOI: 10.1039/c6pp00313c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Phosphate could be released during organic phosphorus photodegradation by natural photosensitizers, which influenced the phosphorus level in the water column.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanglong Liu
- Institute of Hydrobiology
- the Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Wuhan 430072
- China
- Laboratory of Eco-Environmental Engineering Research
| | - Qian Tang
- Laboratory of Eco-Environmental Engineering Research
- College of Resources and Environment
- Huazhong Agricultural University
- Wuhan 430070
- China
| | - Yiyong Zhou
- Institute of Hydrobiology
- the Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Wuhan 430072
- China
| | - Xiuyun Cao
- Institute of Hydrobiology
- the Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Wuhan 430072
- China
| | - Jianwei Zhao
- Laboratory of Eco-Environmental Engineering Research
- College of Resources and Environment
- Huazhong Agricultural University
- Wuhan 430070
- China
| | - Duanwei Zhu
- Laboratory of Eco-Environmental Engineering Research
- College of Resources and Environment
- Huazhong Agricultural University
- Wuhan 430070
- China
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47
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Zhou Y, Shi K, Zhang Y, Jeppesen E, Liu X, Zhou Q, Wu H, Tang X, Zhu G. Fluorescence peak integration ratio I C:I T as a new potential indicator tracing the compositional changes in chromophoric dissolved organic matter. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 574:1588-1598. [PMID: 27613668 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.08.196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2016] [Revised: 07/31/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The present study demonstrates that the ratio of fluorescence integration of peak C to peak T (IC:IT) can be used as an indicator tracing the compositional dynamics of chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM). CDOM absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy and stable isotope δ13C were determined on a seasonal basis in seventeen Chinese inland waters as well as in a series of mixing and photodegradation experiments in the lab. A strong positive linear correlation was recorded between IC:IT and the ratio of terrestrial humic-like C1 to tryptophan-like C4 (C1:C4) derived by parallel factor analysis. The r2 for the linear fitting between IC:IT and C1:C4 (r2=0.80) was notably higher than between C1:C4 and other indices tested, including the ratio of CDOM absorption at 250nm to 365nm, i.e. a(250):a(365) (r2=0.09), spectral slope (S275-295) (r2=0.26), spectral slope ratio (SR) (r2=0.31), the humification index (HIX) (r2=0.47), the recent autochthonous biological contribution index (BIX) (r2=0.27), and a fluorescence index (FI370) (r2=0.07). IC:IT exhibited larger variability than the remaining six indices and a closer correlation with stable isotope δ13C than that observed for a(250):a(365), S275-295, SR, FI370, and BIX during field campaigns. Confirming our field observations, significant correlations were recorded between IC:IT and the remaining six indices, and IC:IT also demonstrated notably larger variability than the six other indices during our wastewater addition experiment. Compared with HIX, eutrophic water addition and photobleaching substantially decreased IC:IT but had no pronounced effect on a(250):a(365), S275-297, SR, FI370, and BIX, further suggesting that IC:IT is the most efficient indicator of the CDOM compositional dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongqiang Zhou
- Taihu Laboratory for Lake Ecosystem Research, State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Sino-Danish Centre for Education and Research, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Kun Shi
- Taihu Laboratory for Lake Ecosystem Research, State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Yunlin Zhang
- Taihu Laboratory for Lake Ecosystem Research, State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China.
| | - Erik Jeppesen
- Sino-Danish Centre for Education and Research, Beijing 100190, China; Department of Bioscience and Arctic Research Centre, Aarhus University, Vejlsøvej 25, DK-8600 Silkeborg, Denmark
| | - Xiaohan Liu
- Taihu Laboratory for Lake Ecosystem Research, State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Qichao Zhou
- Taihu Laboratory for Lake Ecosystem Research, State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pollution Process and Management of Plateau Lake-Watershed, Yunnan Institute of Environmental Science, Kunming 650034, China
| | - Huawu Wu
- Taihu Laboratory for Lake Ecosystem Research, State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Xiangming Tang
- Taihu Laboratory for Lake Ecosystem Research, State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Guangwei Zhu
- Taihu Laboratory for Lake Ecosystem Research, State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
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48
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He W, Chen M, Schlautman MA, Hur J. Dynamic exchanges between DOM and POM pools in coastal and inland aquatic ecosystems: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 551-552:415-428. [PMID: 26881732 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Revised: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Dynamic exchanges between dissolved organic matter (DOM) and particulate organic matter (POM) plays a critical role in organic carbon cycling in coastal and inland aquatic ecosystems, interactions with aquatic organisms, mobility and bioavailability of pollutants, among many other ecological and geochemical phenomena. Although DOM-POM exchange processes have been widely studied from different aspects, little to no effort has been made to date to provide a comprehensive, mechanistic, and micro-spatial schema for understanding various exchange processes occurring in different aquatic ecosystems in a unified way. The phenomena occurring between DOM and POM were explained here with the homogeneous and heterogeneous mechanisms. In the homogeneous mechanism, the participating components are only organic matter (OM) constituents themselves with aggregation and dissolution involved, whereas OM is associated with other components such as minerals and particulate colloids in the heterogeneous counterpart. Besides the generally concerned processes of aggregation/dissolution and adsorption/desorption, other ecological factors such as sunlight and organisms can also participate in DOM-POM exchanges through altering the chemical nature of OM. Despite the limitation of current analytical technologies, many unknown and/or unquantified processes need to be identified to unravel the complicated exchanges of OM between its dissolved and particulate states. Based on the review of several previous mathematical models, we proposed a unified conceptual model to describe all major dynamic exchange mechanisms on the basis of exergy theory. More knowledge of dynamic DOM-POM exchanges is warranted to overcome the potential problems arising from a simple division of OM into dissolved versus particulate states and to further develop more sophisticated mathematic models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei He
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul 143-747, South Korea
| | - Meilian Chen
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul 143-747, South Korea
| | - Mark A Schlautman
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, Clemson University, Anderson, SC 29625-6510, United States
| | - Jin Hur
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul 143-747, South Korea.
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Wagner M, Schmidt W, Imhof L, Grübel A, Jähn C, Georgi D, Petzoldt H. Characterization and quantification of humic substances 2D-Fluorescence by usage of extended size exclusion chromatography. WATER RESEARCH 2016; 93:98-109. [PMID: 26900971 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2016.01.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Revised: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In this article, two methods for in-depth analysis of humic substances fluorescence are presented. The first one allows the combined analysis of fluorescence excitation-emission matrix (EEM) with chromatography technique. The main issue is the coupling of size exclusion chromatography (SEC) with spectroscopy by the use of an absorption and a fluorescence spectrometer as additional detectors. These allow a detailed characterization of humic substances depending on their molecular size, concentration and optical properties. For the evaluation of the resulting complex data, a model based on non-negative matrix factorization, which is also presented in this article, was developed. From the results of the examined humic substances standards, the second method was developed. It allows the characterization and quantification of humic substances fluorescence of a natural water sample solely on the basis of an excitation-emission matrix. The validation of the model is carried out within the framework of extensive analysis of real water samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Wagner
- DVGW-Technologiezentrum Wasser, Wasserwerkstr. 2, 01326 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Wido Schmidt
- DVGW-Technologiezentrum Wasser, Wasserwerkstr. 2, 01326 Dresden, Germany
| | - Lutz Imhof
- DVGW-Technologiezentrum Wasser, Wasserwerkstr. 2, 01326 Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Camilla Jähn
- DVGW-Technologiezentrum Wasser, Wasserwerkstr. 2, 01326 Dresden, Germany
| | - Denise Georgi
- DVGW-Technologiezentrum Wasser, Wasserwerkstr. 2, 01326 Dresden, Germany
| | - Heike Petzoldt
- DVGW-Technologiezentrum Wasser, Wasserwerkstr. 2, 01326 Dresden, Germany
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Ward CP, Cory RM. Complete and Partial Photo-oxidation of Dissolved Organic Matter Draining Permafrost Soils. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:3545-53. [PMID: 26910810 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b05354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Photochemical degradation of dissolved organic matter (DOM) to carbon dioxide (CO2) and partially oxidized compounds is an important component of the carbon cycle in the Arctic. Thawing permafrost soils will change the chemical composition of DOM exported to arctic surface waters, but the molecular controls on DOM photodegradation remain poorly understood, making it difficult to predict how inputs of thawing permafrost DOM may alter its photodegradation. To address this knowledge gap, we quantified the susceptibility of DOM draining the shallow organic mat and the deeper permafrost layer of arctic soils to complete and partial photo-oxidation and investigated changes in the chemical composition of each DOM source following sunlight exposure. Permafrost and organic mat DOM had similar lability to photomineralization despite substantial differences in initial chemical composition. Concurrent losses of carboxyl moieties and shifts in chemical composition during photodegradation indicated that photodecarboxylation could account for 40-90% of DOM photomineralized to CO2. Permafrost DOM had a higher susceptibility to partial photo-oxidation compared to organic mat DOM, potentially due to a lower abundance of phenolic moieties with antioxidant properties. These results suggest that photodegradation will likely continue to be an important control on DOM fate in arctic freshwaters as the climate warms and permafrost soils thaw.
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Affiliation(s)
- Collin P Ward
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, 2534 C.C. Little Building, 1100 North University Avenue, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Rose M Cory
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, 2534 C.C. Little Building, 1100 North University Avenue, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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