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Yamashima T, Mochly-Rosen D, Wakatsuki S, Mizukoshi E, Seike T, Larus IM, Chen CH, Takemura M, Saito H, Ohashi A. Cleavage of Hsp70.1 causes lysosomal cell death under stress conditions. Front Mol Biosci 2024; 11:1378656. [PMID: 38859931 PMCID: PMC11163108 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2024.1378656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Autophagy mediates the degradation of intracellular macromolecules and organelles within lysosomes. There are three types of autophagy: macroautophagy, microautophagy, and chaperone-mediated autophagy. Heat shock protein 70.1 (Hsp70.1) exhibits dual functions as a chaperone protein and a lysosomal membrane stabilizer. Since chaperone-mediated autophagy participates in the recycling of ∼30% cytosolic proteins, its disorder causes cell susceptibility to stress conditions. Cargo proteins destined for degradation such as amyloid precursor protein and tau protein are trafficked by Hsp70.1 from the cytosol into lysosomes. Hsp70.1 is composed of an N-terminal nucleotide-binding domain (NBD) and a C-terminal domain that binds to cargo proteins, termed the substrate-binding domain (SBD). The NBD and SBD are connected by the interdomain linker LL1, which modulates the allosteric structure of Hsp70.1 in response to ADP/ATP binding. After the passage of the Hsp70.1-cargo complex through the lysosomal limiting membrane, high-affinity binding of the positive-charged SBD with negative-charged bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate (BMP) at the internal vesicular membranes activates acid sphingomyelinase to generate ceramide for stabilizing lysosomal membranes. As the integrity of the lysosomal limiting membrane is critical to ensure cargo protein degradation within the acidic lumen, the disintegration of the lysosomal limiting membrane is lethal to cells. After the intake of high-fat diets, however, β-oxidation of fatty acids in the mitochondria generates reactive oxygen species, which enhance the oxidation of membrane linoleic acids to produce 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE). In addition, 4-HNE is produced during the heating of linoleic acid-rich vegetable oils and incorporated into the body via deep-fried foods. This endogenous and exogenous 4-HNE synergically causes an increase in its serum and organ levels to induce carbonylation of Hsp70.1 at Arg469, which facilitates its conformational change and access of activated μ-calpain to LL1. Therefore, the cleavage of Hsp70.1 occurs prior to its influx into the lysosomal lumen, which leads to lysosomal membrane permeabilization/rupture. The resultant leakage of cathepsins is responsible for lysosomal cell death, which would be one of the causative factors of lifestyle-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsumori Yamashima
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Daria Mochly-Rosen
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Soichi Wakatsuki
- Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Eishiro Mizukoshi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Takuya Seike
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Isabel Maria Larus
- Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Che-Hong Chen
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Miho Takemura
- Laboratory of Gene Function, Research Institute for Bioresources and Biotechnology, Ishikawa Prefectural University, Nonoichi, Japan
| | - Hisashi Saito
- Division of Collaborative Research and Development, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Akihiro Ohashi
- Division of Collaborative Research and Development, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Kashiwa, Japan
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Alkafaas SS, Abdallah AM, Hassan MH, Hussien AM, Elkafas SS, Loutfy SA, Mikhail A, Murad OG, Elsalahaty MI, Hessien M, Elshazli RM, Alsaeed FA, Ahmed AE, Kamal HK, Hafez W, El-Saadony MT, El-Tarabily KA, Ghosh S. Molecular docking as a tool for the discovery of novel insight about the role of acid sphingomyelinase inhibitors in SARS- CoV-2 infectivity. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:395. [PMID: 38321448 PMCID: PMC10848368 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-17747-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Recently, COVID-19, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and its variants, caused > 6 million deaths. Symptoms included respiratory strain and complications, leading to severe pneumonia. SARS-CoV-2 attaches to the ACE-2 receptor of the host cell membrane to enter. Targeting the SARS-CoV-2 entry may effectively inhibit infection. Acid sphingomyelinase (ASMase) is a lysosomal protein that catalyzes the conversion of sphingolipid (sphingomyelin) to ceramide. Ceramide molecules aggregate/assemble on the plasma membrane to form "platforms" that facilitate the viral intake into the cell. Impairing the ASMase activity will eventually disrupt viral entry into the cell. In this review, we identified the metabolism of sphingolipids, sphingolipids' role in cell signal transduction cascades, and viral infection mechanisms. Also, we outlined ASMase structure and underlying mechanisms inhibiting viral entry 40 with the aid of inhibitors of acid sphingomyelinase (FIASMAs). In silico molecular docking analyses of FIASMAs with inhibitors revealed that dilazep (S = - 12.58 kcal/mol), emetine (S = - 11.65 kcal/mol), pimozide (S = - 11.29 kcal/mol), carvedilol (S = - 11.28 kcal/mol), mebeverine (S = - 11.14 kcal/mol), cepharanthine (S = - 11.06 kcal/mol), hydroxyzin (S = - 10.96 kcal/mol), astemizole (S = - 10.81 kcal/mol), sertindole (S = - 10.55 kcal/mol), and bepridil (S = - 10.47 kcal/mol) have higher inhibition activity than the candidate drug amiodarone (S = - 10.43 kcal/mol), making them better options for inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samar Sami Alkafaas
- Molecular Cell Biology Unit, Division of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt.
| | - Abanoub Mosaad Abdallah
- Narcotic Research Department, National Center for Social and Criminological Research (NCSCR), Giza, 11561, Egypt
| | - Mai H Hassan
- Molecular Cell Biology Unit, Division of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt
| | - Aya Misbah Hussien
- Biotechnology department at Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Sara Samy Elkafas
- Production Engineering and Mechanical Design Department, Faculty of Engineering, Menofia University, Menofia, Egypt
- Faculty of Control System and Robotics, ITMO University, Saint-Petersburg, 197101, Russia
| | - Samah A Loutfy
- Virology and Immunology Unit, Cancer Biology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
- Nanotechnology Research Center, British University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Abanoub Mikhail
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
- Faculty of Physics, ITMO University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Omnia G Murad
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt
| | - Mohamed I Elsalahaty
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Hessien
- Molecular Cell Biology Unit, Division of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt
| | - Rami M Elshazli
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Unit, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Horus University - Egypt, New Damietta, 34517, Egypt
| | - Fatimah A Alsaeed
- Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, Muhayl, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Ezzat Ahmed
- Biology Department, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hani K Kamal
- Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wael Hafez
- NMC Royal Hospital, 16Th Street, 35233, Khalifa City, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Medical Research Division, Department of Internal Medicine, The National Research Centre, 12622, 33 El Buhouth St, Ad Doqi, Dokki, Cairo Governorate, Egypt
| | - Mohamed T El-Saadony
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt
| | - Khaled A El-Tarabily
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Soumya Ghosh
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, 9301, South Africa
- Natural & Medical Science Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman
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Pan X, Giustarini D, Lang F, Rossi R, Wieder T, Köberle M, Ghashghaeinia M. Desipramine induces eryptosis in human erythrocytes, an effect blunted by nitric oxide donor sodium nitroprusside and N-acetyl-L-cysteine but enhanced by Calcium depletion. Cell Cycle 2023; 22:1827-1853. [PMID: 37522842 PMCID: PMC10599211 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2023.2234177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Desipramine a representative of tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) promotes recovery of depressed patients by inhibition of reuptake of neurotransmitters serotonin (SER) and norepinephrine (NE) in the presynaptic membrane by directly blocking their respective transporters SERT and NET.Aims: To study the effect of desipramine on programmed erythrocyte death (eryptosis) and explore the underlying mechanisms.Methods: Phosphatidylserine (PS) exposure on the cell surface as marker of cell death was estimated from annexin-V-binding, cell volume from forward scatter in flow cytometry. Hemolysis was determined photometrically, and intracellular glutathione [GSH]i from high performance liquid chromatography.Results: Desipramine dose-dependently significantly enhanced the percentage of annexin-V-binding cells and didn´t impact glutathione (GSH) synthesis. Desipramine-induced eryptosis was significantly reversed by pre-treatment of erythrocytes with either nitric oxide (NO) donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP) or N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC). The highest inhibitory effect was obtained by using both inhibitors together. Calcium (Ca2+) depletion aggravated desipramine-induced eryptosis. Changing the order of treatment, i.e. desipramine first followed by inhibitors, could not influence the inhibitory effect of SNP or NAC.Conclusion: Antidepressants-caused intoxication can be treated by SNP and NAC, respectively. B) Patients with chronic hypocalcemia should not be treated with tricyclic anti-depressants or their dose should be noticeably reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Pan
- Physiological Institute, Department of Vegetative and Clinical Physiology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Daniela Giustarini
- Department of Biotechnology Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Florian Lang
- Physiological Institute, Department of Vegetative and Clinical Physiology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ranieri Rossi
- Department of Biotechnology Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Thomas Wieder
- Physiological Institute, Department of Vegetative and Clinical Physiology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Martin Köberle
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, München, Germany
| | - Mehrdad Ghashghaeinia
- Physiological Institute, Department of Vegetative and Clinical Physiology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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Yamashima T, Seike T, Mochly-Rosen D, Chen CH, Kikuchi M, Mizukoshi E. Implication of the cooking oil-peroxidation product "hydroxynonenal" for Alzheimer's disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1211141. [PMID: 37693644 PMCID: PMC10486274 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1211141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) is a mitochondrial enzyme that reduces cell injuries via detoxification of lipid-peroxidation product, 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (hydroxynonenal). It is generated exogenously via deep-frying of linoleic acid-rich cooking oils and/or endogenously via oxidation of fatty acids involved in biomembranes. Although its toxicity for human health is widely accepted, the underlying mechanism long remained unknown. In 1998, Yamashima et al. have formulated the "calpain-cathepsin hypothesis" as a molecular mechanism of ischemic neuronal death. Subsequently, they found that calpain cleaves Hsp70.1 which became vulnerable after the hydroxynonenal-induced carbonylation at the key site Arg469. Since it is the pivotal aberration that induces lysosomal membrane rupture, they suggested that neuronal death in Alzheimer's disease similarly occurs by chronic ischemia via the calpain-cathepsin cascade triggered by hydroxynonenal. For nearly three decades, amyloid β (Aβ) peptide was thought to be a root substance of Alzheimer's disease. However, because of both the insignificant correlations between Aβ depositions and occurrence of neuronal death or dementia, and the negative results of anti-Aβ medicines tested so far in the patients with Alzheimer's disease, the strength of the "amyloid cascade hypothesis" has been weakened. Recent works have suggested that hydroxynonenal is a mediator of programmed cell death not only in the brain, but also in the liver, pancreas, heart, etc. Increment of hydroxynonenal was considered an early event in the development of Alzheimer's disease. This review aims at suggesting ways out of the tunnel, focusing on the implication of hydroxynonenal in this disease. Herein, the mechanism of Alzheimer neuronal death is discussed by focusing on Hsp70.1 with a dual function as chaperone protein and lysosomal stabilizer. We suggest that Aβ is not a culprit of Alzheimer's disease, but merely a byproduct of autophagy/lysosomal failure resulting from hydroxynonenal-induced Hsp70.1 disorder. Enhancing ALDH2 activity to detoxify hydroxynonenal emerges as a promising strategy for preventing and treating Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsumori Yamashima
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Takuya Seike
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Daria Mochly-Rosen
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Che-Hong Chen
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Mitsuru Kikuchi
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Eishiro Mizukoshi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
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5
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Crivelli SM, Quadri Z, Vekaria HJ, Zhu Z, Tripathi P, Elsherbini A, Zhang L, Sullivan PG, Bieberich E. Inhibition of acid sphingomyelinase reduces reactive astrocyte secretion of mitotoxic extracellular vesicles and improves Alzheimer's disease pathology in the 5xFAD mouse. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2023; 11:135. [PMID: 37605262 PMCID: PMC10440899 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-023-01633-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
In Alzheimer's disease (AD), reactive astrocytes produce extracellular vesicles (EVs) that affect mitochondria in neurons. Here, we show that Aβ-induced generation of the sphingolipid ceramide by acid sphingomyelinase (A-SMase) triggered proinflammatory cytokine (C1q, TNF-α, IL-1α) release by microglia, which induced the reactive astrocytes phenotype and secretion of EVs enriched with ceramide. These EVs impeded the capacity of neurons to respond to energy demand. Inhibition of A-SMase with Arc39 and Imipramine reduced the secretion of cytokines from microglia, prompting us to test the effect of Imipramine on EV secretion and AD pathology in the 5xFAD mouse model. Brain derived-EVs from 5xFAD mice treated with Imipramine contained reduced levels of the astrocytic marker GFAP, ceramide, and Aβ and did not impair mitochondrial respiration when compared to EVs derived from untreated 5xFAD brain. Consistently, Imipramine-treated 5xFAD mice showed reduced AD pathology. Our study identifies A-SMase inhibitors as potential AD therapy by preventing cyotokine-elicited secretion of mitotoxic EVs from astrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone M Crivelli
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, 780 Rose Street MS519, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Zainuddin Quadri
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, 780 Rose Street MS519, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Hemendra J Vekaria
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center (SCoBIRC), University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Lexington, KY, 40502, USA
| | - Zhihui Zhu
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, 780 Rose Street MS519, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Priyanka Tripathi
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, 780 Rose Street MS519, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Ahmed Elsherbini
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, 780 Rose Street MS519, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Liping Zhang
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, 780 Rose Street MS519, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Patrick G Sullivan
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center (SCoBIRC), University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Lexington, KY, 40502, USA
| | - Erhard Bieberich
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, 780 Rose Street MS519, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA.
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Lexington, KY, 40502, USA.
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Mir IH, Thirunavukkarasu C. The relevance of acid sphingomyelinase as a potential target for therapeutic intervention in hepatic disorders: current scenario and anticipated trends. Arch Toxicol 2023; 97:2069-2087. [PMID: 37248308 PMCID: PMC10226719 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-023-03529-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Acid sphingomyelinase (ASMase) serves as one of the most remarkable enzymes in sphingolipid biology. ASMase facilitates the hydrolysis of sphingomyelin, yielding ceramide and phosphorylcholine via the phospholipase C signal transduction pathway. Owing to its prominent intervention in apoptosis, ASMase, and its product ceramide is now at the bleeding edge of lipid research due to the coalesced efforts of several research institutions over the past 40 years. ASMase-catalyzed ceramide synthesis profoundly alters the physiological properties of membrane structure in response to a broad range of stimulations, orchestrating signaling cascades for endoplasmic reticulum stress, autophagy, and lysosomal membrane permeabilization, which influences the development of hepatic disorders, such as steatohepatitis, hepatic fibrosis, drug-induced liver injury, and hepatocellular carcinoma. As a result, the potential to modulate the ASMase action with appropriate pharmaceutical antagonists has sparked a lot of curiosity. This article emphasizes the fundamental mechanisms of the systems that govern ASMase aberrations in various hepatic pathologies. Furthermore, we present an insight into the potential therapeutic agents used to mitigate ASMase irregularities and the paramountcy of such inhibitors in drug repurposing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishfaq Hassan Mir
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, 605 014, India
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7
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Wilson GC, Patel SH, Wang J, Xu K, Turner KM, Becker KA, Carpinteiro A, Szabo I, Ahmad SA, Gulbins E. Acid sphingomyelinase expression is associated with survival in resectable pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. J Mol Med (Berl) 2023; 101:891-903. [PMID: 37246980 PMCID: PMC10300164 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-023-02331-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide. Unfortunately, the prognosis of PDAC is rather poor, and for instance, in the USA, over 47,000 people die because of pancreatic cancer annually. Here, we demonstrate that high expression of acid sphingomyelinase in PDAC strongly correlates with long-term survival of patients, as revealed by the analysis of two independent data sources. The positive effects of acid sphingomyelinase expression on long-term survival of PDAC patients were independent of patient demographics as well as tumor grade, lymph node involvement, perineural invasion, tumor stage, lymphovascular invasion, and adjuvant therapy. We also demonstrate that genetic deficiency or pharmacological inhibition of the acid sphingomyelinase promotes tumor growth in an orthotopic mouse model of PDAC. This is mirrored by a poorer pathologic response, as defined by the College of American Pathologists (CAP) score for pancreatic cancer, to neoadjuvant therapy of patients co-treated with functional inhibitors of the acid sphingomyelinase, in particular tricyclic antidepressants and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, in a retrospective analysis. Our data indicate expression of the acid sphingomyelinase in PDAC as a prognostic marker for tumor progression. They further suggest that the use of functional inhibitors of the acid sphingomyelinase, at least of tricyclic antidepressants and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in patients with PDAC, is contra-indicated. Finally, our data also suggest a potential novel treatment of PDAC patients with recombinant acid sphingomyelinase. KEY MESSAGES: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a common tumor with poor prognosis. Expression of acid sphingomyelinase (ASM) determines outcome of PDAC. Genetic deficiency or pharmacologic inhibition of ASM promotes tumor growth in a mouse model. Inhibition of ASM during neoadjuvant treatment for PDAC correlates with worse pathology. ASM expression is a prognostic marker and potential target in PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory C Wilson
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 231 Albert Sabin Way ML 05, Cincinnati, OH, 45267-0558, USA.
| | - Sameer H Patel
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 231 Albert Sabin Way ML 05, Cincinnati, OH, 45267-0558, USA
| | - Jiang Wang
- Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Kui Xu
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 231 Albert Sabin Way ML 05, Cincinnati, OH, 45267-0558, USA
| | - Kevin M Turner
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 231 Albert Sabin Way ML 05, Cincinnati, OH, 45267-0558, USA
| | - Katrin Anne Becker
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45122, Essen, Germany
| | - Alexander Carpinteiro
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45122, Essen, Germany
| | - Ildiko Szabo
- Department of Biology and CNR Institute of Neurosciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Syed A Ahmad
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 231 Albert Sabin Way ML 05, Cincinnati, OH, 45267-0558, USA
| | - Erich Gulbins
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 231 Albert Sabin Way ML 05, Cincinnati, OH, 45267-0558, USA.
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45122, Essen, Germany.
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Placci M, Giannotti MI, Muro S. Polymer-based drug delivery systems under investigation for enzyme replacement and other therapies of lysosomal storage disorders. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 197:114683. [PMID: 36657645 PMCID: PMC10629597 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Lysosomes play a central role in cellular homeostasis and alterations in this compartment associate with many diseases. The most studied example is that of lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs), a group of 60 + maladies due to genetic mutations affecting lysosomal components, mostly enzymes. This leads to aberrant intracellular storage of macromolecules, altering normal cell function and causing multiorgan syndromes, often fatal within the first years of life. Several treatment modalities are available for a dozen LSDs, mostly consisting of enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) strategies. Yet, poor biodistribution to main targets such as the central nervous system, musculoskeletal tissue, and others, as well as generation of blocking antibodies and adverse effects hinder effective LSD treatment. Drug delivery systems are being studied to surmount these obstacles, including polymeric constructs and nanoparticles that constitute the focus of this article. We provide an overview of the formulations being tested, the diseases they aim to treat, and the results observed from respective in vitro and in vivo studies. We also discuss the advantages and disadvantages of these strategies, the remaining gaps of knowledge regarding their performance, and important items to consider for their clinical translation. Overall, polymeric nanoconstructs hold considerable promise to advance treatment for LSDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Placci
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Marina I Giannotti
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona 08028, Spain; CIBER-BBN, ISCIII, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Materials Science and Physical Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Silvia Muro
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona 08028, Spain; Institute of Catalonia for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona 08010, Spain; Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
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9
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Raj N, Greune L, Kahms M, Mildner K, Franzkoch R, Psathaki OE, Zobel T, Zeuschner D, Klingauf J, Gerke V. Early Endosomes Act as Local Exocytosis Hubs to Repair Endothelial Membrane Damage. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2300244. [PMID: 36938863 PMCID: PMC10161044 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202300244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The plasma membrane of a cell is subject to stresses causing ruptures that must be repaired immediately to preserve membrane integrity and ensure cell survival. Yet, the spatio-temporal membrane dynamics at the wound site and the source of the membrane required for wound repair are poorly understood. Here, it is shown that early endosomes, previously only known to function in the uptake of extracellular material and its endocytic transport, are involved in plasma membrane repair in human endothelial cells. Using live-cell imaging and correlative light and electron microscopy, it is demonstrated that membrane injury triggers a previously unknown exocytosis of early endosomes that is induced by Ca2+ entering through the wound. This exocytosis is restricted to the vicinity of the wound site and mediated by the endosomal soluble N-ethylmaleimide sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE) VAMP2, which is crucial for efficient membrane repair. Thus, the newly identified Ca2+ -evoked and localized exocytosis of early endosomes supplies the membrane material required for rapid resealing of a damaged plasma membrane, thereby providing the first line of defense against damage in mechanically challenged endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Raj
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Centre for Molecular Biology of Inflammation (ZMBE), Cells in Motion Interfaculty Center, University of Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Lilo Greune
- Institute of Infectiology, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation (ZMBE), University of Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Martin Kahms
- Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, University of Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Karina Mildner
- Electron Microscopy Facility, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Rico Franzkoch
- Department of Biology, integrated Bioimaging Facility (iBiOs), Center of Cellular Nanoanalytics (CellNanO), University of Osnabrück, 49076, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Olympia Ekaterini Psathaki
- Department of Biology, integrated Bioimaging Facility (iBiOs), Center of Cellular Nanoanalytics (CellNanO), University of Osnabrück, 49076, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Thomas Zobel
- Imaging Network, Cells in Motion Interfaculty Centre, University of Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Dagmar Zeuschner
- Electron Microscopy Facility, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Jürgen Klingauf
- Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, University of Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Volker Gerke
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Centre for Molecular Biology of Inflammation (ZMBE), Cells in Motion Interfaculty Center, University of Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
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10
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Gaudioso Á, Jiang X, Casas J, Schuchman EH, Ledesma MD. Sphingomyelin 16:0 is a therapeutic target for neuronal death in acid sphingomyelinase deficiency. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:248. [PMID: 37024473 PMCID: PMC10079961 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-05784-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Acid sphingomyelinase deficiency (ASMD) is a lysosomal storage disorder caused by mutations in the SMPD1 gene encoding for the acid sphingomyelinase (ASM). While intravenous infusion of recombinant ASM is an effective treatment for the peripheral disease, the neurological complications of ASMD remain unaddressed. It has been shown that aberrantly high level of total brain sphingomyelin (SM) is a key pathological event leading to neurodegeneration. Using mice lacking ASM (ASMko), which mimic the disease, we here demonstrate that among the SM species, SM16:0 shows the highest accumulation and toxicity in ASMko neurons. By targeting lysosomes, SM16:0 causes permeabilization and exocytosis of these organelles and induces oxidative stress and cell death. We also show that genetic silencing of Ceramide Synthase 5, which is involved in SM16:0 synthesis and overexpressed in the ASMko brain, prevents disease phenotypes in ASMko cultured neurons and mice. The levels of SM16:0 in plasma also show a strong correlation with those in brain that is higher than in liver, even at early stages of the disease. These results identify SM16:0 both as a novel therapeutic target and potential biomarker of brain pathology in ASMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángel Gaudioso
- Centro Biologia Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Xuntian Jiang
- Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Edward H Schuchman
- Department of Genetics & Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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11
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Yang K, Nong K, Xu F, Chen Y, Yu J, Lin L, Hu X, Wang Y, Li T, Dong J, Wang J. Discovery of Novel N-Hydroxy-1,2,4-oxadiazole-5-formamides as ASM Direct Inhibitors for the Treatment of Atherosclerosis. J Med Chem 2023; 66:2681-2698. [PMID: 36786607 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Acid sphingomyelinase (ASM), which regulates sphingolipid metabolism and lipid signaling, has been considered as a new potential target for the treatment of atherosclerosis. In this study, a series of benzene-heterocyclic-based ASM inhibitors were rationally designed, synthesized, and screened for the first time. As a result, some compounds showed favorable inhibitory activity against recombinant human ASM. The detailed SARs are also discussed. Compound 4i revealed good pharmacokinetic data and in vivo inhibitory activity against ASM by reducing the level of ceramide in mice plasma and liver. Pharmacodynamic studies confirmed that 4i could lessen lipid plaques in the aortic arch and aorta and reduce plasma ceramide concentration and Ox-LDL levels. Moreover, 4i was found to significantly decrease LPS-induced and Ox-LDL-induced cell inflammation by regulating the levels of ceramide and sphingomyelin. Overall, this study preliminarily demonstrates that ASM may be an effective target against atherosclerosis for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kan Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.,Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Keyi Nong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.,State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Fei Xu
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jinying Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Lizhi Lin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xiao Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Youzhi Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ting Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jibin Dong
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jinxin Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
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12
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Molenaar MR, Haaker MW, Vaandrager AB, Houweling M, Helms JB. Lipidomic profiling of rat hepatic stellate cells during activation reveals a two-stage process accompanied by increased levels of lysosomal lipids. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:103042. [PMID: 36803964 PMCID: PMC10033282 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.103042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) are liver-resident cells best known for their role in vitamin A storage under physiological conditions. Upon liver injury, HSCs activate into myofibroblast-like cells, a key process in the onset of liver fibrosis. Lipids play an important role during HSC activation. Here, we provide a comprehensive characterization of the lipidomes of primary rat HSCs during 17 days of activation in vitro. For lipidomic data interpretation, we expanded our previously described Lipid Ontology (LION) and associated web application (LION/Web) with the LION-PCA heatmap module, which generates heatmaps of the most typical LION-signatures in lipidomic datasets. Furthermore, we used LION to perform pathway analysis to determine the significant metabolic conversions in lipid pathways. Together, we identify two distinct stages of HSC activation. In the first stage, we observe a decrease of saturated phosphatidylcholine, sphingomyelin, and phosphatidic acid and an increase in phosphatidylserine and polyunsaturated bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate (BMP), a lipid class typically localized at endosomes and lysosomes. In the second activation stage, BMPs, hexosylceramides, and ether-linked phosphatidylcholines are elevated, resembling a lysosomal lipid storage disease profile. The presence of isomeric structures of BMP in HSCs was confirmed ex vivo in MS-imaging datasets of steatosed liver sections. Finally, treatment with pharmaceuticals targeting the lysosomal integrity led to cell death in primary HSCs but not in HeLa cells. In summary, our combined data suggest that lysosomes play a critical role during a two-stage activation process of HSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martijn R Molenaar
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Maya W Haaker
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - A Bas Vaandrager
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Martin Houweling
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - J Bernd Helms
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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13
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Sandhoff R, Sandhoff K. Neuronal Ganglioside and Glycosphingolipid (GSL) Metabolism and Disease : Cascades of Secondary Metabolic Errors Can Generate Complex Pathologies (in LSDs). ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2023; 29:333-390. [PMID: 36255681 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-12390-0_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Glycosphingolipids (GSLs) are a diverse group of membrane components occurring mainly on the surfaces of mammalian cells. They and their metabolites have a role in intercellular communication, serving as versatile biochemical signals (Kaltner et al, Biochem J 476(18):2623-2655, 2019) and in many cellular pathways. Anionic GSLs, the sialic acid containing gangliosides (GGs), are essential constituents of neuronal cell surfaces, whereas anionic sulfatides are key components of myelin and myelin forming oligodendrocytes. The stepwise biosynthetic pathways of GSLs occur at and lead along the membranes of organellar surfaces of the secretory pathway. After formation of the hydrophobic ceramide membrane anchor of GSLs at the ER, membrane-spanning glycosyltransferases (GTs) of the Golgi and Trans-Golgi network generate cell type-specific GSL patterns for cellular surfaces. GSLs of the cellular plasma membrane can reach intra-lysosomal, i.e. luminal, vesicles (ILVs) by endocytic pathways for degradation. Soluble glycoproteins, the glycosidases, lipid binding and transfer proteins and acid ceramidase are needed for the lysosomal catabolism of GSLs at ILV-membrane surfaces. Inherited mutations triggering a functional loss of glycosylated lysosomal hydrolases and lipid binding proteins involved in GSL degradation cause a primary lysosomal accumulation of their non-degradable GSL substrates in lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs). Lipid binding proteins, the SAPs, and the various lipids of the ILV-membranes regulate GSL catabolism, but also primary storage compounds such as sphingomyelin (SM), cholesterol (Chol.), or chondroitin sulfate can effectively inhibit catabolic lysosomal pathways of GSLs. This causes cascades of metabolic errors, accumulating secondary lysosomal GSL- and GG- storage that can trigger a complex pathology (Breiden and Sandhoff, Int J Mol Sci 21(7):2566, 2020).
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger Sandhoff
- Lipid Pathobiochemistry Group, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Konrad Sandhoff
- LIMES, c/o Kekule-Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
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14
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Acid Sphingomyelinase Inhibitor, Imipramine, Reduces Hippocampal Neuronal Death after Traumatic Brain Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314749. [PMID: 36499076 PMCID: PMC9740309 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) broadly degrades the normal function of the brain after a bump, blow, or jolt to the head. TBI leads to the aggravation of pre-existing brain dysfunction and promotes neurotoxic cascades that involve processes such as oxidative stress, loss of dendritic arborization, and zinc accumulation. Acid sphingomyelinase (ASMase) is an enzyme that hydrolyzes sphingomyelin to ceramide in cells. Under normal conditions, ceramide plays an important role in various physiological functions, such as differentiation and apoptosis. However, under pathological conditions, excessive ceramide production is toxic and activates the neuronal-death pathway. Therefore, we hypothesized that the inhibition of ASMase activity by imipramine would reduce ceramide formation and thus prevent TBI-induced neuronal death. To test our hypothesis, an ASMase inhibitor, imipramine (10 mg/kg, i.p.), was administrated to rats immediately after TBI. Based on the results of this study, we confirmed that imipramine significantly reduced ceramide formation, dendritic loss, oxidative stress, and neuronal death in the TBI-imipramine group compared with the TBI-vehicle group. Additionally, we validated that imipramine prevented TBI-induced cognitive dysfunction and the modified neurological severity score. Consequently, we suggest that ASMase inhibition may be a promising therapeutic strategy to reduce hippocampal neuronal death after TBI.
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15
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Hoertel N, Sánchez-Rico M, Gulbins E, Kornhuber J, Carpinteiro A, Abellán M, de la Muela P, Vernet R, Beeker N, Neuraz A, Delcuze A, Alvarado JM, Cougoule C, Meneton P, Limosin F. Association between FIASMA psychotropic medications and reduced risk of intubation or death in individuals with psychiatric disorders hospitalized for severe COVID-19: an observational multicenter study. Transl Psychiatry 2022; 12:90. [PMID: 35241663 PMCID: PMC8892828 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-022-01804-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The acid sphingomyelinase (ASM)/ceramide system may provide a useful framework for better understanding SARS-CoV-2 infection and the repurposing of psychotropic medications functionally inhibiting the acid sphingomyelinase/ceramide system (named FIASMA psychotropic medications) against COVID-19. We examined the potential usefulness of FIASMA psychotropic medications in patients with psychiatric disorders hospitalized for severe COVID-19, in an observational multicenter study conducted at Greater Paris University hospitals. Of 545 adult inpatients, 164 (30.1%) received a FIASMA psychotropic medication upon hospital admission for COVID-19. We compared the composite endpoint of intubation or death between patients who received a psychotropic FIASMA medication at baseline and those who did not in time-to-event analyses adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics, psychiatric and other medical comorbidity, and other medications. FIASMA psychotropic medication use at baseline was significantly associated with reduced risk of intubation or death in both crude (HR = 0.42; 95%CI = 0.31-0.57; p < 0.01) and primary inverse probability weighting (IPW) (HR = 0.50; 95%CI = 0.37-0.67; p < 0.01) analyses. This association was not specific to one FIASMA psychotropic class or medication. Patients taking a FIASMA antidepressant at baseline had a significantly reduced risk of intubation or death compared with those taking a non-FIASMA antidepressant at baseline in both crude (HR = 0.57; 95%CI = 0.38-0.86; p < 0.01) and primary IPW (HR = 0.57; 95%CI = 0.37-0.87; p < 0.01) analyses. These associations remained significant in multiple sensitivity analyses. Our results show the potential importance of the ASM/ceramide system framework in COVID-19 and support the continuation of FIASMA psychotropic medications in these patients and the need of large- scale clinical trials evaluating FIASMA medications, and particularly FIASMA antidepressants, against COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Hoertel
- AP-HP, Hôpital Corentin-Celton, DMU Psychiatrie et Addictologie, Département de Psychiatrie, Issy-les-Moulineaux, France. .,Université de Paris, Paris, France. .,INSERM, Institut de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences de Paris (IPNP), UMR S1266, Paris, France.
| | - Marina Sánchez-Rico
- grid.413885.30000 0000 9731 7223AP-HP, Hôpital Corentin-Celton, DMU Psychiatrie et Addictologie, Département de Psychiatrie, Issy-les-Moulineaux, France ,grid.4795.f0000 0001 2157 7667Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Department of Psychobiology & Behavioural Sciences Methods, Faculty of Psychology, Campus de Somosaguas, Pozuelo de Alarcon, Spain
| | - Erich Gulbins
- grid.5718.b0000 0001 2187 5445Institute for Molecular Biology, University Medicine Essen, University of Duisburg- Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Johannes Kornhuber
- grid.5330.50000 0001 2107 3311Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Friedrich- Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Alexander Carpinteiro
- grid.5718.b0000 0001 2187 5445Institute for Molecular Biology, University Medicine Essen, University of Duisburg- Essen, Essen, Germany ,grid.410718.b0000 0001 0262 7331Department of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Miriam Abellán
- grid.413885.30000 0000 9731 7223AP-HP, Hôpital Corentin-Celton, DMU Psychiatrie et Addictologie, Département de Psychiatrie, Issy-les-Moulineaux, France
| | - Pedro de la Muela
- grid.413885.30000 0000 9731 7223AP-HP, Hôpital Corentin-Celton, DMU Psychiatrie et Addictologie, Département de Psychiatrie, Issy-les-Moulineaux, France ,grid.4795.f0000 0001 2157 7667Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Department of Psychobiology & Behavioural Sciences Methods, Faculty of Psychology, Campus de Somosaguas, Pozuelo de Alarcon, Spain
| | - Raphaël Vernet
- grid.414093.b0000 0001 2183 5849AP-HP.Centre-Université de Paris, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Medical Informatics, Biostatistics and Public Health Department, Paris, France
| | - Nathanaël Beeker
- grid.411784.f0000 0001 0274 3893Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Unité de Recherche clinique, Hopital Cochin, Paris, France
| | - Antoine Neuraz
- grid.417925.cINSERM, UMR S1138, Cordeliers Research Center, Université de Paris, Paris, France ,grid.412134.10000 0004 0593 9113AP-HP.Centre-Université de Paris, Department of Medical Informatics, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Aude Delcuze
- ORPEA - CLINEA, Clinique Les Orchidées, Service de Psychiatrie, Andilly, France
| | - Jesús M. Alvarado
- grid.4795.f0000 0001 2157 7667Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Department of Psychobiology & Behavioural Sciences Methods, Faculty of Psychology, Campus de Somosaguas, Pozuelo de Alarcon, Spain
| | - Céline Cougoule
- grid.508721.9Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Pierre Meneton
- grid.462844.80000 0001 2308 1657INSERM U1142 LIMICS, UMR S1142, Sorbonne Universities, UPMC University of Paris 06, University of Paris 13, Paris, France
| | - Frédéric Limosin
- grid.413885.30000 0000 9731 7223AP-HP, Hôpital Corentin-Celton, DMU Psychiatrie et Addictologie, Département de Psychiatrie, Issy-les-Moulineaux, France ,grid.508487.60000 0004 7885 7602Université de Paris, Paris, France ,grid.512035.0INSERM, Institut de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences de Paris (IPNP), UMR S1266 Paris, France
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Administration of an Acidic Sphingomyelinase (ASMase) Inhibitor, Imipramine, Reduces Hypoglycemia-Induced Hippocampal Neuronal Death. Cells 2022; 11:cells11040667. [PMID: 35203316 PMCID: PMC8869983 DOI: 10.3390/cells11040667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe hypoglycemia (below 35 mg/dL) appears most often in diabetes patients who continuously inject insulin. To rapidly cease the hypoglycemic state in this study, glucose reperfusion was conducted, which can induce a secondary neuronal death cascade following hypoglycemia. Acid sphingomyelinase (ASMase) hydrolyzes sphingomyelin into ceramide and phosphorylcholine. ASMase activity can be influenced by cations, pH, redox, lipids, and other proteins in the cells, and there are many changes in these factors in hypoglycemia. Thus, we expect that ASMase is activated excessively after hypoglycemia. Ceramide is known to cause free radical production, excessive inflammation, calcium dysregulation, and lysosomal injury, resulting in apoptosis and the necrosis of neurons. Imipramine is mainly used in the treatment of depression and certain anxiety disorders, and it is particularly known as an ASMase inhibitor. We hypothesized that imipramine could decrease hippocampal neuronal death by reducing ceramide via the inhibition of ASMase after hypoglycemia. In the present study, we confirmed that the administration of imipramine significantly reduced hypoglycemia-induced neuronal death and improved cognitive function. Therefore, we suggest that imipramine may be a promising therapeutic tool for preventing hypoglycemia-induced neuronal death.
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17
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The acid sphingomyelinase/ceramide system in COVID-19. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:307-314. [PMID: 34608263 PMCID: PMC8488928 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-021-01309-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Acid sphingomyelinase (ASM) cleaves sphingomyelin into the highly lipophilic ceramide, which forms large gel-like rafts/platforms in the plasma membrane. We showed that SARS-CoV-2 uses these platforms for cell entry. Lowering the amount of ceramide or ceramide blockade due to inhibitors of ASM, genetic downregulation of ASM, anti-ceramide antibodies or degradation by neutral ceramidase protected against infection with SARS-CoV-2. The addition of ceramide restored infection with SARS-CoV-2. Many clinically approved medications functionally inhibit ASM and are called FIASMAs (functional inhibitors of acid sphingomyelinase). The FIASMA fluvoxamine showed beneficial effects on COVID-19 in a randomized prospective study and a prospective open-label real-world study. Retrospective and observational studies showed favorable effects of FIASMA antidepressants including fluoxetine, and the FIASMA hydroxyzine on the course of COVID-19. The ASM/ceramide system provides a framework for a better understanding of the infection of cells by SARS-CoV-2 and the clinical, antiviral, and anti-inflammatory effects of functional inhibitors of ASM. This framework also supports the development of new drugs or the repurposing of "old" drugs against COVID-19.
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18
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Li Y, Li M, Wang Y, Guan L, Liu X, Zeng M. The interplay between ASMase signaling pathway and NLRP3 in the epithelial to mesenchymal transition of HBE cells induced by silica. J Appl Toxicol 2021; 42:1057-1066. [PMID: 34969174 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is an important part of pulmonary fibrosis. Our earlier study illustrated that the acid sphingomyelinase (ASMase) pathway plays significant role in silica (SiO2 )-induced transformation of lung fibroblasts into myofibroblasts. The metabolite of ASMase, ceramide (Cer), activates the inflammatory response by activating Nod-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) in macrophages, and NLRP3 is also involved in the EMT process. However, whether ASMase and NLRP3 are involved in regulating SiO2 -induced EMT has not been confirmed. In this study, an in vitro model of EMT in human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells was established by SiO2 dust staining to investigate the role of ASMase and NLRP3 in EMT and to provide new clues for the molecular mechanism of silicosis. HBE cells were stained with 100 μg/ml SiO2 dust for 72 h to establish the EMT model. The ASMase inhibitor desipramine decreased the level of S1P and the expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and NLRP3 in SiO2 dust-stained HBE cells, whereas the expression of E-cadherin (E-cad) increased. The NLRP3 inhibitor MCC950 inhibited the secretion of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and decreased the expression of NLRP3, Caspase-1, and α-SMA in SiO2 dust-stained HBE cells, whereas E-cad expression increased and ASMase activity and S1P levels decreased. It was concluded that SiO2 dust increases the release of the inflammatory factor and induces EMT in HBE cells. Inhibition of ASMase activity or NLRP3 expression reduced the SiO2 dust-induced cell inflammatory response and slowed the occurrence of EMT in HBE cells. Therefore, NLRP3 and ASMase may interact in SiO2 dust-induced EMT in HBE cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yupei Li
- Department of Health Toxicology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Meiling Li
- Department of Health Toxicology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yuting Wang
- Photograph and Article Office, Anhui Health Publicity and Education Center, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Lan Guan
- Department of Health Toxicology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Xinmin Liu
- Department of Health Toxicology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Ming Zeng
- Department of Health Toxicology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
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19
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Calvaresi V, Truelsen LT, Larsen SB, Petersen NHT, Kirkegaard T, Rand KD. Conformational dynamics of free and membrane-bound human Hsp70 in model cytosolic and endo-lysosomal environments. Commun Biol 2021; 4:1369. [PMID: 34876699 PMCID: PMC8651726 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02892-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The binding of the major stress-inducible human 70-kDa heat shock protein (Hsp70) to the anionic phospholipid bis-(monoacylglycero)-phosphate (BMP) in the lysosomal membrane is crucial for its impact on cellular pathology in lysosomal storage disorders. However, the conformational features of this protein-lipid complex remain unclear. Here, we apply hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry (HDX-MS) to describe the dynamics of the full-length Hsp70 in the cytosol and its conformational changes upon translocation into lysosomes. Using wild-type and W90F mutant proteins, we also map and discriminate the interaction of Hsp70 with BMP and other lipid components of the lysosomal membrane. We identify the N-terminal of the nucleotide binding domain (residues 87-118) as the primary orchestrator of BMP interaction. We show that the conformation of this domain is significantly reorganized in the W90F mutant, explaining its inability to stabilize lysosomal membranes. Overall, our results reveal important new molecular details of the protective effect of Hsp70 in lysosomal storage diseases, which, in turn, could guide future drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Calvaresi
- grid.5254.60000 0001 0674 042XProtein Analysis Group, Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen O, Denmark
| | - Line T. Truelsen
- grid.5254.60000 0001 0674 042XProtein Analysis Group, Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen O, Denmark
| | - Sidsel B. Larsen
- grid.5254.60000 0001 0674 042XProtein Analysis Group, Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen O, Denmark
| | | | | | - Kasper D. Rand
- grid.5254.60000 0001 0674 042XProtein Analysis Group, Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen O, Denmark
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20
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Meyer N, Henkel L, Linder B, Zielke S, Tascher G, Trautmann S, Geisslinger G, Münch C, Fulda S, Tegeder I, Kögel D. Autophagy activation, lipotoxicity and lysosomal membrane permeabilization synergize to promote pimozide- and loperamide-induced glioma cell death. Autophagy 2021; 17:3424-3443. [PMID: 33461384 PMCID: PMC8632287 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2021.1874208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that induction of lethal macroautophagy/autophagy carries potential significance for the treatment of glioblastoma (GBM). In continuation of previous work, we demonstrate that pimozide and loperamide trigger an ATG5- and ATG7 (autophagy related 5 and 7)-dependent type of cell death that is significantly reduced with cathepsin inhibitors and the lipid reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger α-tocopherol in MZ-54 GBM cells. Global proteomic analysis after treatment with both drugs also revealed an increase of proteins related to lipid and cholesterol metabolic processes. These changes were accompanied by a massive accumulation of cholesterol and other lipids in the lysosomal compartment, indicative of impaired lipid transport/degradation. In line with these observations, pimozide and loperamide treatment were associated with a pronounced increase of bioactive sphingolipids including ceramides, glucosylceramides and sphingoid bases measured by targeted lipidomic analysis. Furthermore, pimozide and loperamide inhibited the activity of SMPD1/ASM (sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 1) and promoted induction of lysosomal membrane permeabilization (LMP), as well as release of CTSB (cathepsin B) into the cytosol in MZ-54 wild-type (WT) cells. Whereas LMP and cell death were significantly attenuated in ATG5 and ATG7 knockout (KO) cells, both events were enhanced by depletion of the lysophagy receptor VCP (valosin containing protein), supporting a pro-survival function of lysophagy under these conditions. Collectively, our data suggest that pimozide and loperamide-driven autophagy and lipotoxicity synergize to induce LMP and cell death. The results also support the notion that simultaneous overactivation of autophagy and induction of LMP represents a promising approach for the treatment of GBM.Abbreviations: ACD: autophagic cell death; AKT1: AKT serine/threonine kinase 1; ATG5: autophagy related 5; ATG7: autophagy related 7; ATG14: autophagy related 14; CERS1: ceramide synthase 1; CTSB: cathepsin B; CYBB/NOX2: cytochrome b-245 beta chain; ER: endoplasmatic reticulum; FBS: fetal bovine serum; GBM: glioblastoma; GO: gene ontology; HTR7/5-HT7: 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 7; KD: knockdown; KO: knockout; LAMP1: lysosomal associated membrane protein 1; LAP: LC3-associated phagocytosis; LMP: lysosomal membrane permeabilization; MAP1LC3B: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta; MTOR: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase; RB1CC1: RB1 inducible coiled-coil 1; ROS: reactive oxygen species; RPS6: ribosomal protein S6; SMPD1/ASM: sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 1; VCP/p97: valosin containing protein; WT: wild-type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Meyer
- Experimental Neurosurgery, Goethe University Hospital Frankfurt/Main, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Lisa Henkel
- Experimental Neurosurgery, Goethe University Hospital Frankfurt/Main, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Benedikt Linder
- Experimental Neurosurgery, Goethe University Hospital Frankfurt/Main, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Svenja Zielke
- Experimental Cancer Research in Pediatrics, Goethe University Hospital Frankfurt/Main, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Georg Tascher
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Goethe University Hospital Frankfurt/Main, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Sandra Trautmann
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Goethe University Hospital Frankfurt/Main, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Gerd Geisslinger
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Goethe University Hospital Frankfurt/Main, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Christian Münch
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Goethe University Hospital Frankfurt/Main, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Simone Fulda
- Experimental Cancer Research in Pediatrics, Goethe University Hospital Frankfurt/Main, Frankfurt, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Irmgard Tegeder
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Goethe University Hospital Frankfurt/Main, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Donat Kögel
- Experimental Neurosurgery, Goethe University Hospital Frankfurt/Main, Frankfurt, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
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21
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Javaid S, Farooq T, Rehman Z, Afzal A, Ashraf W, Rasool MF, Alqahtani F, Alsanea S, Alasmari F, Alanazi MM, Alharbi M, Imran I. Dynamics of Choline-Containing Phospholipids in Traumatic Brain Injury and Associated Comorbidities. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111313. [PMID: 34768742 PMCID: PMC8583393 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidences of traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) are increasing globally because of expanding population and increased dependencies on motorized vehicles and machines. This has resulted in increased socio-economic burden on the healthcare system, as TBIs are often associated with mental and physical morbidities with lifelong dependencies, and have severely limited therapeutic options. There is an emerging need to identify the molecular mechanisms orchestrating these injuries to life-long neurodegenerative disease and a therapeutic strategy to counter them. This review highlights the dynamics and role of choline-containing phospholipids during TBIs and how they can be used to evaluate the severity of injuries and later targeted to mitigate neuro-degradation, based on clinical and preclinical studies. Choline-based phospholipids are involved in maintaining the structural integrity of the neuronal/glial cell membranes and are simultaneously the essential component of various biochemical pathways, such as cholinergic neuronal transmission in the brain. Choline or its metabolite levels increase during acute and chronic phases of TBI because of excitotoxicity, ischemia and oxidative stress; this can serve as useful biomarker to predict the severity and prognosis of TBIs. Moreover, the effect of choline-replenishing agents as a post-TBI management strategy has been reviewed in clinical and preclinical studies. Overall, this review determines the theranostic potential of choline phospholipids and provides new insights in the management of TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Javaid
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan; (S.J.); (T.F.); (Z.R.); (A.A.); (W.A.); (I.I.)
- Department of Pharmacy, The Women University, Multan 60000, Pakistan
| | - Talha Farooq
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan; (S.J.); (T.F.); (Z.R.); (A.A.); (W.A.); (I.I.)
| | - Zohabia Rehman
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan; (S.J.); (T.F.); (Z.R.); (A.A.); (W.A.); (I.I.)
| | - Ammara Afzal
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan; (S.J.); (T.F.); (Z.R.); (A.A.); (W.A.); (I.I.)
| | - Waseem Ashraf
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan; (S.J.); (T.F.); (Z.R.); (A.A.); (W.A.); (I.I.)
| | - Muhammad Fawad Rasool
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan;
| | - Faleh Alqahtani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.); (F.A.); (M.M.A.); (M.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +966-114697749
| | - Sary Alsanea
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.); (F.A.); (M.M.A.); (M.A.)
| | - Fawaz Alasmari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.); (F.A.); (M.M.A.); (M.A.)
| | - Mohammed Mufadhe Alanazi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.); (F.A.); (M.M.A.); (M.A.)
| | - Metab Alharbi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.); (F.A.); (M.M.A.); (M.A.)
| | - Imran Imran
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan; (S.J.); (T.F.); (Z.R.); (A.A.); (W.A.); (I.I.)
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22
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Khater SE, El-Khouly A, Abdel-Bar HM, Al-Mahallawi AM, Ghorab DM. Fluoxetine hydrochloride loaded lipid polymer hybrid nanoparticles showed possible efficiency against SARS-CoV-2 infection. Int J Pharm 2021; 607:121023. [PMID: 34416332 PMCID: PMC8372442 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.121023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Up to date, there were no approved drugs against coronavirus (COVID-19) disease that dangerously affects global health and the economy. Repurposing the existing drugs would be a promising approach for COVID-19 management. The antidepressant drugs, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) class, have antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and anticoagulant effects, which makes them auspicious drugs for COVID 19 treatment. Therefore, this study aimed to predict the possible therapeutic activity of SSRIs against COVID-19. Firstly, molecular docking studies were performed to hypothesize the possible interaction of SSRIs to the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2) main protease. Secondly, the candidate drug was loaded in lipid polymer hybrid (LPH) nanoparticles to enhance its activity. The studied SSRIs were Fluoxetine hydrochloride (FH), Atomoxteine, Paroxetine, Nisoxteine, Repoxteine RR, and Repoxteine SS. Interestingly, FH could effectively bind with SARS-COV-2 main protease via hydrogen bond formation with low binding energy (-6.7 kcal/mol). Moreover, the optimization of FH-LPH formulation achieved 65.1 ± 2.7% encapsulation efficiency, 10.3 ± 0.4% loading efficiency, 98.5 ± 3.5 nm particle size, and −10.5 ± 0.45 mV zeta potential. Additionally, it improved cellular internalization in a time-dependent manner with good biocompatibility on Human lung fibroblast (CCD-19Lu) cells. Therefore, the study suggested the potential activity of FH-LPH nanoparticles against the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaymaa Elsayed Khater
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Ahmed El-Khouly
- Department of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jerash University, Jerash, Jordan
| | - Hend Mohamed Abdel-Bar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt.
| | - Abdulaziz Mohsen Al-Mahallawi
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Egypt; School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire Hosted by Global Academic Foundation, New Administrative Capital, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Dalia Mahmoud Ghorab
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Egypt
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23
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Kornhuber J, Gulbins E. New Molecular Targets for Antidepressant Drugs. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:894. [PMID: 34577594 PMCID: PMC8472072 DOI: 10.3390/ph14090894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a common and severe mental disorder that is usually recurrent and has a high risk of suicide. This disorder manifests not only with psychological symptoms but also multiple changes throughout the body, including increased risks of obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. Peripheral markers of oxidative stress and inflammation are elevated. MDD is therefore best described as a multisystem whole-body disease. Pharmacological treatment with antidepressants usually requires several weeks before the desired effects manifest. Previous theories of depression, such as the monoamine or neurogenesis hypotheses, do not explain these characteristics well. In recent years, new mechanisms of action have been discovered for long-standing antidepressants that also shed new light on depression, including the sphingolipid system and the receptor for brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF).
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Kornhuber
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Erich Gulbins
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45117 Essen, Germany;
- Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
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24
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Breiden B, Sandhoff K. Acid Sphingomyelinase, a Lysosomal and Secretory Phospholipase C, Is Key for Cellular Phospholipid Catabolism. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9001. [PMID: 34445706 PMCID: PMC8396676 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22169001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Here, we present the main features of human acid sphingomyelinase (ASM), its biosynthesis, processing and intracellular trafficking, its structure, its broad substrate specificity, and the proposed mode of action at the surface of the phospholipid substrate carrying intraendolysosomal luminal vesicles. In addition, we discuss the complex regulation of its phospholipid cleaving activity by membrane lipids and lipid-binding proteins. The majority of the literature implies that ASM hydrolyses solely sphingomyelin to generate ceramide and ignores its ability to degrade further substrates. Indeed, more than twenty different phospholipids are cleaved by ASM in vitro, including some minor but functionally important phospholipids such as the growth factor ceramide-1-phosphate and the unique lysosomal lysolipid bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate. The inherited ASM deficiency, Niemann-Pick disease type A and B, impairs mainly, but not only, cellular sphingomyelin catabolism, causing a progressive sphingomyelin accumulation, which furthermore triggers a secondary accumulation of lipids (cholesterol, glucosylceramide, GM2) by inhibiting their turnover in late endosomes and lysosomes. However, ASM appears to be involved in a variety of major cellular functions with a regulatory significance for an increasing number of metabolic disorders. The biochemical characteristics of ASM, their potential effect on cellular lipid turnover, as well as a potential impact on physiological processes will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Konrad Sandhoff
- Membrane Biology and Lipid Biochemistry Unit, LIMES Institute, University of Bonn, 53121 Bonn, Germany
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25
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Cottrill KA, Peterson RJ, Lewallen CF, Koval M, Bridges RJ, McCarty NA. Sphingomyelinase decreases transepithelial anion secretion in airway epithelial cells in part by inhibiting CFTR-mediated apical conductance. Physiol Rep 2021; 9:e14928. [PMID: 34382377 PMCID: PMC8358481 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is an anion channel whose dysfunction causes cystic fibrosis (CF). The loss of CFTR function in pulmonary epithelial cells causes surface dehydration, mucus build-up, inflammation, and bacterial infections that lead to lung failure. Little has been done to evaluate the effects of lipid perturbation on CFTR activity, despite CFTR residing in the plasma membrane. This work focuses on the acute effects of sphingomyelinase (SMase), a bacterial virulence factor secreted by CF relevant airway bacteria which degrades sphingomyelin into ceramide and phosphocholine, on the electrical circuitry of pulmonary epithelial monolayers. We report that basolateral SMase decreases CFTR-mediated transepithelial anion secretion in both primary bronchial and tracheal epithelial cells from explant tissue, with current CFTR modulators unable to rescue this effect. Focusing on primary cells, we took a holistic ion homeostasis approach to determine a cause for reduced anion secretion following SMase treatment. Using impedance analysis, we determined that basolateral SMase inhibits apical and basolateral conductance in non-CF primary cells without affecting paracellular permeability. In CF primary airway cells, correction with clinically relevant CFTR modulators did not prevent SMase-mediated inhibition of CFTR currents. Furthermore, SMase was found to inhibit only apical conductance in these cells. Future work should determine the mechanism for SMase-mediated inhibition of CFTR currents, and further explore the clinical relevance of SMase and sphingolipid imbalances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten A. Cottrill
- Molecular and Systems Pharmacology PhD ProgramEmory UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Raven J. Peterson
- Biochemistry, Cell, and Developmental Biology PhD ProgramEmory UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Colby F. Lewallen
- Georgia Institute of TechnologyG.W. Woodruff School of Mechanical EngineeringAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Michael Koval
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep MedicineDepartment of MedicineEmory UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
- Department of Cell BiologyEmory UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Robert J. Bridges
- Department of Physiology and BiophysicsCenter for Genetic DiseasesChicago Medical SchoolNorth Chicago, IllinoisUSA
| | - Nael A. McCarty
- Molecular and Systems Pharmacology PhD ProgramEmory UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
- Department of Pediatrics and Children’s Healthcare of AtlantaCenter for Cystic Fibrosis and Airways Disease ResearchEmory University School of MedicineAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
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Rhein C, Zoicas I, Marx LM, Zeitler S, Hepp T, von Zimmermann C, Mühle C, Richter-Schmidinger T, Lenz B, Erim Y, Reichel M, Gulbins E, Kornhuber J. mRNA Expression of SMPD1 Encoding Acid Sphingomyelinase Decreases upon Antidepressant Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115700. [PMID: 34071826 PMCID: PMC8198802 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a severe psychiatric condition with key symptoms of low mood and lack of motivation, joy, and pleasure. Recently, the acid sphingomyelinase (ASM)/ceramide system has been implicated in the pathogenesis of MDD. ASM is a lysosomal glycoprotein that catalyzes the hydrolysis of sphingomyelin, an abundant component of membranes, into the bioactive sphingolipid ceramide, which impacts signaling pathways. ASM activity is inhibited by several common antidepressant drugs. Human and murine studies have confirmed that increased ASM activity and ceramide levels are correlated with MDD. To define a molecular marker for treatment monitoring, we investigated the mRNA expression of SMPD1, which encodes ASM, in primary cell culture models, a mouse study, and a human study with untreated MDD patients before and after antidepressive treatment. Our cell culture study showed that a common antidepressant inhibited ASM activity at the enzymatic level and also at the transcriptional level. In a genetically modified mouse line with depressive-like behavior, Smpd1 mRNA expression in dorsal hippocampal tissue was significantly decreased after treatment with a common antidepressant. The large human study showed that SMPD1 mRNA expression in untreated MDD patients decreased significantly after antidepressive treatment. This translational study shows that SMPD1 mRNA expression could serve as a molecular marker for treatment and adherence monitoring of MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cosima Rhein
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Schwabachanlage 6, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany; (I.Z.); (L.M.M.); (S.Z.); (C.v.Z.); (C.M.); (T.R.-S.); (B.L.); (M.R.); (J.K.)
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), D-91054 Erlangen, Germany; (T.H.); (Y.E.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-9131-85-44542
| | - Iulia Zoicas
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Schwabachanlage 6, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany; (I.Z.); (L.M.M.); (S.Z.); (C.v.Z.); (C.M.); (T.R.-S.); (B.L.); (M.R.); (J.K.)
| | - Lena M. Marx
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Schwabachanlage 6, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany; (I.Z.); (L.M.M.); (S.Z.); (C.v.Z.); (C.M.); (T.R.-S.); (B.L.); (M.R.); (J.K.)
| | - Stefanie Zeitler
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Schwabachanlage 6, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany; (I.Z.); (L.M.M.); (S.Z.); (C.v.Z.); (C.M.); (T.R.-S.); (B.L.); (M.R.); (J.K.)
| | - Tobias Hepp
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), D-91054 Erlangen, Germany; (T.H.); (Y.E.)
- Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), D-91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Claudia von Zimmermann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Schwabachanlage 6, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany; (I.Z.); (L.M.M.); (S.Z.); (C.v.Z.); (C.M.); (T.R.-S.); (B.L.); (M.R.); (J.K.)
| | - Christiane Mühle
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Schwabachanlage 6, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany; (I.Z.); (L.M.M.); (S.Z.); (C.v.Z.); (C.M.); (T.R.-S.); (B.L.); (M.R.); (J.K.)
| | - Tanja Richter-Schmidinger
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Schwabachanlage 6, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany; (I.Z.); (L.M.M.); (S.Z.); (C.v.Z.); (C.M.); (T.R.-S.); (B.L.); (M.R.); (J.K.)
| | - Bernd Lenz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Schwabachanlage 6, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany; (I.Z.); (L.M.M.); (S.Z.); (C.v.Z.); (C.M.); (T.R.-S.); (B.L.); (M.R.); (J.K.)
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health (CIMH), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, D-68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Yesim Erim
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), D-91054 Erlangen, Germany; (T.H.); (Y.E.)
| | - Martin Reichel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Schwabachanlage 6, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany; (I.Z.); (L.M.M.); (S.Z.); (C.v.Z.); (C.M.); (T.R.-S.); (B.L.); (M.R.); (J.K.)
| | - Erich Gulbins
- Department of Molecular Biology, University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, D-45147 Essen, Germany;
| | - Johannes Kornhuber
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Schwabachanlage 6, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany; (I.Z.); (L.M.M.); (S.Z.); (C.v.Z.); (C.M.); (T.R.-S.); (B.L.); (M.R.); (J.K.)
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27
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OPALS: A New Osimertinib Adjunctive Treatment of Lung Adenocarcinoma or Glioblastoma Using Five Repurposed Drugs. Cells 2021; 10:cells10051148. [PMID: 34068720 PMCID: PMC8151869 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Pharmacological targeting aberrant activation of epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase signaling is an established approach to treating lung adenocarcinoma. Osimertinib is a tyrosine kinase approved and effective in treating lung adenocarcinomas that have one of several common activating mutations in epidermal growth factor receptor. The emergence of resistance to osimertinib after a year or two is the rule. We developed a five-drug adjuvant regimen designed to increase osimertinib’s growth inhibition and thereby delay the development of resistance. Areas of Uncertainty: Although the assembled preclinical data is strong, preclinical data and the following clinical trial results can be discrepant. The safety of OPALS drugs when used individually is excellent. We have no data from humans on their tolerability when used as an ensemble. That there is no data from the individual drugs to suspect problematic interaction does not exclude the possibility. Data Sources: All relevant PubMed.org articles on the OPALS drugs and corresponding pathophysiology of lung adenocarcinoma and glioblastoma were reviewed. Therapeutic Opinion: The five drugs of OPALS are in wide use in general medicine for non-oncology indications. OPALS uses the anti-protozoal drug pyrimethamine, the antihistamine cyproheptadine, the antibiotic azithromycin, the antihistamine loratadine, and the potassium sparing diuretic spironolactone. We show how these inexpensive and generically available drugs intersect with and inhibit lung adenocarcinoma growth drive. We also review data showing that both OPALS adjuvant drugs and osimertinib have data showing they may be active in suppressing glioblastoma growth.
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Carpinteiro A, Gripp B, Hoffmann M, Pöhlmann S, Hoertel N, Edwards MJ, Kamler M, Kornhuber J, Becker KA, Gulbins E. Inhibition of acid sphingomyelinase by ambroxol prevents SARS-CoV-2 entry into epithelial cells. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100701. [PMID: 33895135 PMCID: PMC8062550 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The acid sphingomyelinase/ceramide system has been shown to be important for cellular infection with at least some viruses, for instance, rhinovirus or severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Functional inhibition of the acid sphingomyelinase using tricyclic antidepressants prevented infection of epithelial cells, for instance with SARS-CoV-2. The structure of ambroxol, that is, trans-4-[(2,4-dibromanilin-6-yl)-methyamino]-cyclohexanol, a mucolytic drug applied by inhalation, suggests that the drug might inhibit the acid sphingomyelinase and thereby infection with SARS-CoV-2. To test this, we used vesicular stomatitis virus pseudoviral particles presenting SARS-CoV-2 spike protein on their surface (pp-VSV-SARS-CoV-2 spike), a bona fide system for mimicking SARS-CoV-2 entry into cells. Viral uptake and formation of ceramide localization were determined by fluorescence microscopy, activity of the acid sphingomyelinase by consumption of [14C]sphingomyelin and ceramide was quantified by a kinase method. We found that entry of pp-VSV-SARS-CoV-2 spike required activation of acid sphingomyelinase and release of ceramide, events that were all prevented by pretreatment with ambroxol. We also obtained nasal epithelial cells from human volunteers prior to and after inhalation of ambroxol. Inhalation of ambroxol reduced acid sphingomyelinase activity in nasal epithelial cells and prevented pp-VSV-SARS-CoV-2 spike-induced acid sphingomyelinase activation, ceramide release, and entry of pp-VSV-SARS-CoV-2 spike ex vivo. The addition of purified acid sphingomyelinase or C16 ceramide restored entry of pp-VSV-SARS-CoV-2 spike into ambroxol-treated epithelial cells. We propose that ambroxol might be suitable for clinical studies to prevent coronavirus disease 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Carpinteiro
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany; Department of Hematology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Barbara Gripp
- Zentrum für Seelische Gesundheit des Kindes- und Jugendalters, Sana-Klinikum Remscheid GmbH, Remscheid, Germany
| | - Markus Hoffmann
- Infection Biology Unit, German Primate Center - Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany; Faculty of Biology and Psychology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Pöhlmann
- Infection Biology Unit, German Primate Center - Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany; Faculty of Biology and Psychology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Nicolas Hoertel
- AP-HP.Centre-Université de Paris, Hôpital Corentin-Celton, Département de Psychiatrie, Issy-les-Moulineaux, and Université de Paris, INSERM, Institut de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences de Paris, UMR_S1266, and Faculté de Santé, UFR de Médecine, Paris, France
| | - Michael J Edwards
- Department of Surgery, Medical School, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Markus Kamler
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Division of Thoracic Transplantation, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Johannes Kornhuber
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Katrin Anne Becker
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Erich Gulbins
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany; Department of Surgery, Medical School, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
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Chung HY, Claus RA. Keep Your Friends Close, but Your Enemies Closer: Role of Acid Sphingomyelinase During Infection and Host Response. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 7:616500. [PMID: 33553211 PMCID: PMC7859284 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.616500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Breakdown of the inert and constitutive membrane building block sphingomyelin to the highly active lipid mediator ceramide by extracellularly active acid sphingomyelinase is tightly regulated during stress response and opens the gate for invading pathogens, triggering the immune response, development of remote organ failure, and tissue repair following severe infection. How do one enzyme and one mediator manage all of these affairs? Under physiological conditions, the enzyme is located in the lysosomes and takes part in the noiseless metabolism of sphingolipids, but following stress the protein is secreted into circulation. When secreted, acid sphingomyelinase (ASM) is able to hydrolyze sphingomyelin present at the outer leaflet of membranes to ceramide. Its generation troubles the biophysical context of cellular membranes resulting in functional assembly and reorganization of proteins and receptors, also embedded in highly conserved response mechanisms. As a consequence of cellular signaling, not only induction of cell death but also proliferation, differentiation, and fibrogenesis are affected. Here, we discuss the current state of the art on both the impact and function of the enzyme during host response and damage control. Also, the potential role of lysosomotropic agents as functional inhibitors of this upstream alarming cascade is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha-Yeun Chung
- Section Translational Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany.,Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Ralf A Claus
- Department for Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
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Skácel J, Slusher BS, Tsukamoto T. Small Molecule Inhibitors Targeting Biosynthesis of Ceramide, the Central Hub of the Sphingolipid Network. J Med Chem 2021; 64:279-297. [PMID: 33395289 PMCID: PMC8023021 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Ceramides are composed of a sphingosine and a single fatty acid connected by an amide linkage. As one of the major classes of biologically active lipids, ceramides and their upstream and downstream metabolites have been implicated in several pathological conditions including cancer, neurodegeneration, diabetes, microbial pathogenesis, obesity, and inflammation. Consequently, tremendous efforts have been devoted to deciphering the dynamics of metabolic pathways involved in ceramide biosynthesis. Given that several distinct enzymes can produce ceramide, different enzyme targets have been pursued depending on the underlying disease mechanism. The main objective of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of small molecule inhibitors reported to date for each of these ceramide-producing enzymes from a medicinal chemistry perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Skácel
- Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery and Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Barbara S. Slusher
- Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery and Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Takashi Tsukamoto
- Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery and Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
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Naimi WA, Gumpf JJ, Cockburn CL, Camus S, Chalfant CE, Li PL, Carlyon JA. Functional inhibition or genetic deletion of acid sphingomyelinase bacteriostatically inhibits Anaplasma phagocytophilum infection in vivo. Pathog Dis 2021; 79:ftaa072. [PMID: 33220685 PMCID: PMC7787905 DOI: 10.1093/femspd/ftaa072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Anaplasma phagocytophilum infects neutrophils to cause granulocytic anaplasmosis. It poorly infects mice deficient in acid sphingomyelinase (ASM), a lysosomal enzyme critical for cholesterol efflux, and wild-type mice treated with desipramine that functionally inhibits ASM. Whether inhibition or genetic deletion of ASM is bacteriostatic or bactericidal for A. phagocytophilum and desipramine's ability to lower pathogen burden requires a competent immune system were unknown. Anaplasma phagocytophilum-infected severe combined immunodeficiency disorder (SCID) mice were administered desipramine or PBS, followed by the transfer of blood to naïve wild-type mice. Next, infected wild-type mice were given desipramine or PBS followed by transfer of blood to naïve SCID mice. Finally, wild-type or ASM-deficient mice were infected and blood transferred to naïve SCID mice. The percentage of infected neutrophils was significantly reduced in all desipramine-treated or ASM-deficient mice and in all recipients of blood from these mice. Infection was markedly lower in ASM-deficient and desipramine-treated wild-type mice versus desipramine-treated SCID mice. Yet, infection was never ablated. Thus, ASM activity contributes to optimal A. phagocytophilum infection in vivo, pharmacologic inhibition or genetic deletion of ASM impairs infection in a bacteriostatic and reversible manner and A. phagocytophilum is capable of co-opting ASM-independent lipid sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waheeda A Naimi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU) Medical Center, VCU School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, 23398 USA
| | - Jacob J Gumpf
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU) Medical Center, VCU School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, 23398 USA
| | - Chelsea L Cockburn
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU) Medical Center, VCU School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, 23398 USA
| | - Sarah Camus
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU) Medical Center, VCU School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, 23298 USA
| | - Charles E Chalfant
- Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology, and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL,33620 USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU), Richmond, VA 23298, USA
- The Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
- Research Service, James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Pin-Lan Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU) Medical Center, VCU School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, 23298 USA
| | - Jason A Carlyon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU) Medical Center, VCU School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, 23398 USA
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Zeitler S, Schumacher F, Monti J, Anni D, Guhathakurta D, Kleuser B, Friedland K, Fejtová A, Kornhuber J, Rhein C. Acid Sphingomyelinase Impacts Canonical Transient Receptor Potential Channels 6 (TRPC6) Activity in Primary Neuronal Systems. Cells 2020; 9:E2502. [PMID: 33218173 PMCID: PMC7698877 DOI: 10.3390/cells9112502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
: The acid sphingomyelinase (ASM)/ceramide system exhibits a crucial role in the pathology of major depressive disorder (MDD). ASM hydrolyzes the abundant membrane lipid sphingomyelin to ceramide that regulates the clustering of membrane proteins via microdomain and lipid raft organization. Several commonly used antidepressants, such as fluoxetine, rely on the functional inhibition of ASM in terms of their antidepressive pharmacological effects. Transient receptor potential canonical 6 (TRPC6) ion channels are located in the plasma membrane of neurons and serve as receptors for hyperforin, a phytochemical constituent of the antidepressive herbal remedy St. John's wort. TRPC6 channels are involved in the regulation of neuronal plasticity, which likely contributes to their antidepressant effect. In this work, we investigated the impact of reduced ASM activity on the TRPC6 function in neurons. A lipidomic analysis of cortical brain tissue of ASM deficient mice revealed a decrease in ceramide/sphingomyelin molar ratio and an increase in sphingosine. In neurons with ASM deletion, hyperforin-mediated Ca2+-influx via TRPC6 was decreased. Consequently, downstream activation of nuclear phospho-cAMP response element-binding protein (pCREB) was changed, a transcriptional factor involved in neuronal plasticity. Our study underlines the importance of balanced ASM activity, as well as sphingolipidome composition for optimal TRPC6 function. A better understanding of the interaction of the ASM/ceramide and TRPC6 systems could help to draw conclusions about the pathology of MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Zeitler
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (S.Z.); (J.M.); (D.A.); (D.G.); (A.F.); (J.K.)
| | - Fabian Schumacher
- Department of Toxicology, University of Potsdam, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany;
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany;
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Juliana Monti
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (S.Z.); (J.M.); (D.A.); (D.G.); (A.F.); (J.K.)
| | - Daniela Anni
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (S.Z.); (J.M.); (D.A.); (D.G.); (A.F.); (J.K.)
| | - Debarpan Guhathakurta
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (S.Z.); (J.M.); (D.A.); (D.G.); (A.F.); (J.K.)
| | - Burkhard Kleuser
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Kristina Friedland
- Institute for Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes-Gutenberg Universität Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany;
| | - Anna Fejtová
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (S.Z.); (J.M.); (D.A.); (D.G.); (A.F.); (J.K.)
| | - Johannes Kornhuber
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (S.Z.); (J.M.); (D.A.); (D.G.); (A.F.); (J.K.)
| | - Cosima Rhein
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (S.Z.); (J.M.); (D.A.); (D.G.); (A.F.); (J.K.)
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
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Carpinteiro A, Edwards MJ, Hoffmann M, Kochs G, Gripp B, Weigang S, Adams C, Carpinteiro E, Gulbins A, Keitsch S, Sehl C, Soddemann M, Wilker B, Kamler M, Bertsch T, Lang KS, Patel S, Wilson GC, Walter S, Hengel H, Pöhlmann S, Lang PA, Kornhuber J, Becker KA, Ahmad SA, Fassbender K, Gulbins E. Pharmacological Inhibition of Acid Sphingomyelinase Prevents Uptake of SARS-CoV-2 by Epithelial Cells. Cell Rep Med 2020; 1:100142. [PMID: 33163980 PMCID: PMC7598530 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2020.100142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The acid sphingomyelinase/ceramide system plays an important role in bacterial and viral infections. Here, we report that either pharmacological inhibition of acid sphingomyelinase with amitriptyline, imipramine, fluoxetine, sertraline, escitalopram, or maprotiline or genetic downregulation of the enzyme prevents infection of cultured cells or freshy isolated human nasal epithelial cells with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) or vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) pseudoviral particles (pp-VSV) presenting SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (pp-VSV-SARS-CoV-2 spike), a bona fide system mimicking SARS-CoV-2 infection. Infection activates acid sphingomyelinase and triggers a release of ceramide on the cell surface. Neutralization or consumption of surface ceramide reduces infection with pp-VSV-SARS-CoV-2 spike. Treating volunteers with a low dose of amitriptyline prevents infection of freshly isolated nasal epithelial cells with pp-VSV-SARS-CoV-2 spike. The data justify clinical studies investigating whether amitriptyline, a safe drug used clinically for almost 60 years, or other antidepressants that functionally block acid sphingomyelinase prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Carpinteiro
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45122 Essen, Germany
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Michael J. Edwards
- Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati Medical School, 231 Albert Sabin Way, ML0558, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Markus Hoffmann
- Infection Biology Unit, German Primate Center – Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany
- Faculty of Biology and Psychology, University of Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Georg Kochs
- Institute of Virology and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Strasse 11, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Barbara Gripp
- Zentrum für Seelische Gesundheit des Kindes- und Jugendalters, Sana-Klinikum Remscheid GmbH, Burger Strasse 211, 42859 Remscheid, Germany
| | - Sebastian Weigang
- Institute of Virology and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Strasse 11, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Constantin Adams
- Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Elisa Carpinteiro
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Anne Gulbins
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Simone Keitsch
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Carolin Sehl
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Matthias Soddemann
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Barbara Wilker
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Markus Kamler
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Thomas Bertsch
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Laboratory Medicine and Transfusion Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University, Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Karl S. Lang
- Institute of Immunology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Sameer Patel
- Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati Medical School, 231 Albert Sabin Way, ML0558, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Gregory C. Wilson
- Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati Medical School, 231 Albert Sabin Way, ML0558, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Silke Walter
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of the Saarland, Kirrberger Strasse, 66421 Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Hartmut Hengel
- Institute of Virology and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Strasse 11, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Pöhlmann
- Infection Biology Unit, German Primate Center – Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany
- Faculty of Biology and Psychology, University of Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Philipp A. Lang
- Department of Molecular Medicine II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Universitaetsstrasse 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Johannes Kornhuber
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Schwabachanlage 6, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Katrin Anne Becker
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Syed A. Ahmad
- Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati Medical School, 231 Albert Sabin Way, ML0558, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Klaus Fassbender
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of the Saarland, Kirrberger Strasse, 66421 Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Erich Gulbins
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45122 Essen, Germany
- Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati Medical School, 231 Albert Sabin Way, ML0558, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
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Park WJ, Park JW. The role of sphingolipids in endoplasmic reticulum stress. FEBS Lett 2020; 594:3632-3651. [PMID: 32538465 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an important intracellular compartment in eukaryotic cells and has diverse functions, including protein synthesis, protein folding, lipid metabolism and calcium homeostasis. ER functions are disrupted by various intracellular and extracellular stimuli that cause ER stress, including the inhibition of glycosylation, disulphide bond reduction, ER calcium store depletion, impaired protein transport to the Golgi, excessive ER protein synthesis, impairment of ER-associated protein degradation and mutated ER protein expression. Distinct ER stress signalling pathways, which are known as the unfolded protein response, are deployed to maintain ER homeostasis, and a failure to reverse ER stress triggers cell death. Sphingolipids are lipids that are structurally characterized by long-chain bases, including sphingosine or dihydrosphingosine (also known as sphinganine). Sphingolipids are bioactive molecules long known to regulate various cellular processes, including cell proliferation, migration, apoptosis and cell-cell interaction. Recent studies have uncovered that specific sphingolipids are involved in ER stress. This review summarizes the roles of sphingolipids in ER stress and human diseases in the context of pathogenic events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo-Jae Park
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Joo-Won Park
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
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Naser E, Kadow S, Schumacher F, Mohamed ZH, Kappe C, Hessler G, Pollmeier B, Kleuser B, Arenz C, Becker KA, Gulbins E, Carpinteiro A. Characterization of the small molecule ARC39, a direct and specific inhibitor of acid sphingomyelinase in vitro. J Lipid Res 2020; 61:896-910. [PMID: 32156719 PMCID: PMC7269768 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.ra120000682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of acid sphingomyelinase (ASM), a lysosomal enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of sphingomyelin into ceramide and phosphorylcholine, may serve as an investigational tool or a therapeutic intervention to control many diseases. Specific ASM inhibitors are currently not sufficiently characterized. Here, we found that 1-aminodecylidene bis-phosphonic acid (ARC39) specifically and efficiently (>90%) inhibits both lysosomal and secretory ASM in vitro. Results from investigating sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 1 (SMPD1/Smpd1) mRNA and ASM protein levels suggested that ARC39 directly inhibits ASM's catalytic activity in cultured cells, a mechanism that differs from that of functional inhibitors of ASM. We further provide evidence that ARC39 dose- and time-dependently inhibits lysosomal ASM in intact cells, and we show that ARC39 also reduces platelet- and ASM-promoted adhesion of tumor cells. The observed toxicity of ARC39 is low at concentrations relevant for ASM inhibition in vitro, and it does not strongly alter the lysosomal compartment or induce phospholipidosis in vitro. When applied intraperitoneally in vivo, even subtoxic high doses administered short-term induced sphingomyelin accumulation only locally in the peritoneal lavage without significant accumulation in plasma, liver, spleen, or brain. These findings require further investigation with other possible chemical modifications. In conclusion, our results indicate that ARC39 potently and selectively inhibits ASM in vitro and highlight the need for developing compounds that can reach tissue concentrations sufficient for ASM inhibition in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eyad Naser
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Stephanie Kadow
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Fabian Schumacher
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; Department of Toxicology, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Zainelabdeen H Mohamed
- Institute of Chemistry, Humboldt University of Berlin, 12489 Berlin, Germany; Medicinal Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
| | - Christian Kappe
- Institute of Chemistry, Humboldt University of Berlin, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Gabriele Hessler
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Barbara Pollmeier
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Burkhard Kleuser
- Department of Toxicology, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Christoph Arenz
- Institute of Chemistry, Humboldt University of Berlin, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Katrin Anne Becker
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Erich Gulbins
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229
| | - Alexander Carpinteiro
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; Department of Hematology, University Hospital Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany. mailto:
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Alessenko AV, Albi E. Exploring Sphingolipid Implications in Neurodegeneration. Front Neurol 2020; 11:437. [PMID: 32528400 PMCID: PMC7254877 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, it was found that relatively simple sphingolipids, such as ceramide, sphingosine, sphingosine-1-phosphate, and glucosylceramide play important roles in neuronal functions by regulating rates of neuronal growth and differentiation. Homeostasis of membrane sphingolipids in neurons and myelin is essential to prevent the loss of synaptic plasticity, cell death and neurodegeneration. In our review we summarize data about significant brain cell alterations of sphingolipids in different neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson disease, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, Gaucher's, Farber's diseases, etc. We reported results obtained in brain tissue from both animals in which diseases were induced and humans in autopsy samples. Moreover, attention was paid on sphingolipids in biofluids, liquor and blood, from patients. In Alzheimer's disease sphingolipids are involved in the processing and aggregation of β-amyloid and in the transmission of the cytotoxic signal β-amyloid and TNFα-induced. Recently, the gangliosides metabolism in transgenic animals and the relationship between blood sphingolipids changes and cognitive impairment in Alzheimer's disease patients have been intensively studied. Numerous experiments have highlighted the involvement of ceramide and monohexosylceramide metabolism in the pathophysiology of the sporadic forms of Parkinson's disease. Moreover, gene mutations of the glucocerebrosidase enzyme were considered as responsible for Parkinson's disease via transition of the monomeric form of α-synuclein to an oligomeric, aggregated toxic form. Disturbances in the metabolism of ceramides were also associated with the appearance of Lewy's bodies. Changes in sphingolipid metabolism were found as a manifestation of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, both sporadic and family forms, and affected the rate of disease development. Currently, fingolimod (FTY720), a sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor modulator, is the only drug undergoing clinical trials of phase II safety for the treatment of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. The use of sphingolipids as new diagnostic markers and as targets for innovative therapeutic strategies in different neurodegenerative disorders has been included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice V. Alessenko
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Elisabetta Albi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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The Lysosomotropic Activity of Hydrophobic Weak Base Drugs is Mediated via Their Intercalation into the Lysosomal Membrane. Cells 2020; 9:cells9051082. [PMID: 32349204 PMCID: PMC7290590 DOI: 10.3390/cells9051082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipophilic weak base therapeutic agents, termed lysosomotropic drugs (LDs), undergo marked sequestration and concentration within lysosomes, hence altering lysosomal functions. This lysosomal drug entrapment has been described as luminal drug compartmentalization. Consistent with our recent finding that LDs inflict a pH-dependent membrane fluidization, we herein demonstrate that LDs undergo intercalation and concentration within lysosomal membranes. The latter was revealed experimentally and computationally by (a) confocal microscopy of fluorescent compounds and drugs within lysosomal membranes, and (b) molecular dynamics modeling of the pH-dependent membrane insertion and accumulation of an assortment of LDs, including anticancer drugs. Based on the multiple functions of the lysosome as a central nutrient sensory hub and a degradation center, we discuss the molecular mechanisms underlying the alteration of morphology and impairment of lysosomal functions as consequences of LDs’ intercalation into lysosomes. Our findings bear important implications for drug design, drug induced lysosomal damage, diseases and pertaining therapeutics.
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Cottrill KA, Farinha CM, McCarty NA. The bidirectional relationship between CFTR and lipids. Commun Biol 2020; 3:179. [PMID: 32313074 PMCID: PMC7170930 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-0909-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is the most common life-shortening genetic disease among Caucasians, resulting from mutations in the gene encoding the Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane conductance Regulator (CFTR). While work to understand this protein has resulted in new treatment strategies, it is important to emphasize that CFTR exists within a complex lipid bilayer - a concept largely overlooked when performing structural and functional studies. In this review we discuss cellular lipid imbalances in CF, mechanisms by which lipids affect membrane protein activity, and the specific impact of detergents and lipids on CFTR function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten A Cottrill
- Molecular and Systems Pharmacology PhD Program, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Carlos M Farinha
- Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Nael A McCarty
- Molecular and Systems Pharmacology PhD Program, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Center for Cystic Fibrosis and Airways Disease Research, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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Breiden B, Sandhoff K. Mechanism of Secondary Ganglioside and Lipid Accumulation in Lysosomal Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21072566. [PMID: 32272755 PMCID: PMC7178057 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gangliosidoses are caused by monogenic defects of a specific hydrolase or an ancillary sphingolipid activator protein essential for a specific step in the catabolism of gangliosides. Such defects in lysosomal function cause a primary accumulation of multiple undegradable gangliosides and glycosphingolipids. In reality, however, predominantly small gangliosides also accumulate in many lysosomal diseases as secondary storage material without any known defect in their catabolic pathway. In recent reconstitution experiments, we identified primary storage materials like sphingomyelin, cholesterol, lysosphingolipids, and chondroitin sulfate as strong inhibitors of sphingolipid activator proteins (like GM2 activator protein, saposin A and B), essential for the catabolism of many gangliosides and glycosphingolipids, as well as inhibitors of specific catabolic steps in lysosomal ganglioside catabolism and cholesterol turnover. In particular, they trigger a secondary accumulation of ganglioside GM2, glucosylceramide and cholesterol in Niemann–Pick disease type A and B, and of GM2 and glucosylceramide in Niemann–Pick disease type C. Chondroitin sulfate effectively inhibits GM2 catabolism in mucopolysaccharidoses like Hurler, Hunter, Sanfilippo, and Sly syndrome and causes a secondary neuronal ganglioside GM2 accumulation, triggering neurodegeneration. Secondary ganglioside and lipid accumulation is furthermore known in many more lysosomal storage diseases, so far without known molecular basis.
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Crivelli SM, Giovagnoni C, Visseren L, Scheithauer AL, de Wit N, den Hoedt S, Losen M, Mulder MT, Walter J, de Vries HE, Bieberich E, Martinez-Martinez P. Sphingolipids in Alzheimer's disease, how can we target them? Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2020; 159:214-231. [PMID: 31911096 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2019.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Altered levels of sphingolipids and their metabolites in the brain, and the related downstream effects on neuronal homeostasis and the immune system, provide a framework for understanding mechanisms in neurodegenerative disorders and for developing new intervention strategies. In this review we will discuss: the metabolites of sphingolipids that function as second messengers; and functional aberrations of the pathway resulting in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathophysiology. Focusing on the central product of the sphingolipid pathway ceramide, we describ approaches to pharmacologically decrease ceramide levels in the brain and we argue on how the sphingolipid pathway may represent a new framework for developing novel intervention strategies in AD. We also highlight the possible use of clinical and non-clinical drugs to modulate the sphingolipid pathway and sphingolipid-related biological cascades.
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Abstract
Sphingosine, ceramide, sphingosine-1-phosphate, and other related sphingolipids have emerged as important bioactive molecules involved in a variety of key cellular processes such as cell growth, differentiation, apoptosis, exosome release, and inter- and intracellular cell communication, making the pathways of sphingolipid metabolism a key domain in maintaining cell homeostasis (Hannun and Obeid, Trends Biochem Sci 20:73-77, 1995; Hannun and Obeid, Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 9:139-150, 2008; Kosaka et al., J Biol Chem 288:10849-10859, 2013). Various studies have determined that these pathways play a central role in regulating intracellular production of ceramide and the other bioactive sphingolipids and hence are an important component of signaling in various diseases such as cancer, diabetes, and neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases (Chaube et al., Biochim Biophys Acta 1821:313-323, 2012; Clarke et al., Adv Enzyme Regul 51:51-58, 2011b; Horres and Hannun, Neurochem Res 37:1137-1149, 2012). In this chapter, we discuss one of the major enzyme classes in producing ceramide, sphingomyelinases (SMases), from a biochemical and structural perspective with an emphasis on their applicability as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prajna Shanbhogue
- Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Yusuf A Hannun
- Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.
- Stony Brook University Cancer Center, Stony Brook, NY, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.
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Beckmann N, Becker KA, Kadow S, Schumacher F, Kramer M, Kühn C, Schulz-Schaeffer WJ, Edwards MJ, Kleuser B, Gulbins E, Carpinteiro A. Acid Sphingomyelinase Deficiency Ameliorates Farber Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20246253. [PMID: 31835809 PMCID: PMC6941101 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20246253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Farber disease is a rare lysosomal storage disorder resulting from acid ceramidase deficiency and subsequent ceramide accumulation. No treatments for Farber disease are clinically available, and affected patients have a severely shortened lifespan. We have recently reported a novel acid ceramidase deficiency model that mirrors the human disease closely. Acid sphingomyelinase is the enzyme that generates ceramide upstream of acid ceramidase in the lysosomes. Using our acid ceramidase deficiency model, we tested if acid sphingomyelinase could be a potential novel therapeutic target for the treatment of Farber disease. A number of functional acid sphingomyelinase inhibitors are clinically available and have been used for decades to treat major depression. Using these as a therapeutic for Farber disease, thus, has the potential to improve central nervous symptoms of the disease as well, something all other treatment options for Farber disease can’t achieve so far. As a proof-of-concept study, we first cross-bred acid ceramidase deficient mice with acid sphingomyelinase deficient mice in order to prevent ceramide accumulation. Double-deficient mice had reduced ceramide accumulation, fewer disease manifestations, and prolonged survival. We next targeted acid sphingomyelinase pharmacologically, to test if these findings would translate to a setting with clinical applicability. Surprisingly, the treatment of acid ceramidase deficient mice with the acid sphingomyelinase inhibitor amitriptyline was toxic to acid ceramidase deficient mice and killed them within a few days of treatment. In conclusion, our study provides the first proof-of-concept that acid sphingomyelinase could be a potential new therapeutic target for Farber disease to reduce disease manifestations and prolong survival. However, we also identified previously unknown toxicity of the functional acid sphingomyelinase inhibitor amitriptyline in the context of Farber disease, strongly cautioning against the use of this substance class for Farber disease patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Beckmann
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, 45147 Essen, Germany; (N.B.); (K.A.B.); (S.K.); (F.S.); (M.K.); (C.K.); (E.G.)
| | - Katrin Anne Becker
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, 45147 Essen, Germany; (N.B.); (K.A.B.); (S.K.); (F.S.); (M.K.); (C.K.); (E.G.)
| | - Stephanie Kadow
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, 45147 Essen, Germany; (N.B.); (K.A.B.); (S.K.); (F.S.); (M.K.); (C.K.); (E.G.)
| | - Fabian Schumacher
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, 45147 Essen, Germany; (N.B.); (K.A.B.); (S.K.); (F.S.); (M.K.); (C.K.); (E.G.)
- Department of Toxicology, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany;
| | - Melanie Kramer
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, 45147 Essen, Germany; (N.B.); (K.A.B.); (S.K.); (F.S.); (M.K.); (C.K.); (E.G.)
| | - Claudine Kühn
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, 45147 Essen, Germany; (N.B.); (K.A.B.); (S.K.); (F.S.); (M.K.); (C.K.); (E.G.)
| | | | - Michael J. Edwards
- Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati, 231 Albert Sabin Way, ML 0558, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA;
| | - Burkhard Kleuser
- Department of Toxicology, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany;
| | - Erich Gulbins
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, 45147 Essen, Germany; (N.B.); (K.A.B.); (S.K.); (F.S.); (M.K.); (C.K.); (E.G.)
- Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati, 231 Albert Sabin Way, ML 0558, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA;
| | - Alexander Carpinteiro
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, 45147 Essen, Germany; (N.B.); (K.A.B.); (S.K.); (F.S.); (M.K.); (C.K.); (E.G.)
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, 45147 Essen, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-201-723-84579; Fax: +49-201-723-5974
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Faict S, Oudaert I, D’Auria L, Dehairs J, Maes K, Vlummens P, De Veirman K, De Bruyne E, Fostier K, Vande Broek I, Schots R, Vanderkerken K, Swinnen JV, Menu E. The Transfer of Sphingomyelinase Contributes to Drug Resistance in Multiple Myeloma. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11121823. [PMID: 31756922 PMCID: PMC6966559 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11121823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is well-known for the development of drug resistance, leading to relapse. Therefore, finding novel treatment strategies remains necessary. By performing a lipidomics assay on MM patient plasma, we aimed to identify new targets. We observed a dysregulation in the sphingolipid metabolism, with the upregulation of several ceramides and downregulation of sphingomyelin. This imbalance suggests an increase in sphingomyelinase, the enzyme responsible for hydrolyzing sphingomyelin into ceramide. We confirmed the upregulation of acid sphingomyelinase (ASM) in primary MM cells. Furthermore, we observed an increase in ASM expression in MM cell lines treated with melphalan or bortezomib, as well as in their exosomes. Exosomes high in ASM content were able to transfer the drug-resistant phenotype to chemosensitive cells, hereby suggesting a tumor-protective role for ASM. Finally, inhibition of ASM by amitriptyline improved drug sensitivity in MM cell lines and primary MM cells. In summary, this study is the first to analyze differences in plasma lipid composition of MM patients and match the observed differences to an upregulation of ASM. Moreover, we demonstrate that amitriptyline is able to inhibit ASM and increase sensitivity to anti-myeloma drugs. This study, therefore, provides a rational to include ASM-targeting-drugs in combination strategies in myeloma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia Faict
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, UZ Brussel, B-1090 Brussels, Belgium; (S.F.); (I.O.); (K.M.); (P.V.); (K.D.V.); (E.D.B.); (R.S.); (K.V.)
| | - Inge Oudaert
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, UZ Brussel, B-1090 Brussels, Belgium; (S.F.); (I.O.); (K.M.); (P.V.); (K.D.V.); (E.D.B.); (R.S.); (K.V.)
| | - Ludovic D’Auria
- Neurochemistry Unit, Institute of Neuroscience, Université Catholique de Louvain, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium;
| | - Jonas Dehairs
- Laboratory of Lipid Metabolism and Cancer, Department of Oncology, LKI-Leuven Cancer Institute, KU Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium; (J.D.); (J.V.S.)
| | - Ken Maes
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, UZ Brussel, B-1090 Brussels, Belgium; (S.F.); (I.O.); (K.M.); (P.V.); (K.D.V.); (E.D.B.); (R.S.); (K.V.)
| | - Philip Vlummens
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, UZ Brussel, B-1090 Brussels, Belgium; (S.F.); (I.O.); (K.M.); (P.V.); (K.D.V.); (E.D.B.); (R.S.); (K.V.)
- Department of Clinical Hematology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Gent, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kim De Veirman
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, UZ Brussel, B-1090 Brussels, Belgium; (S.F.); (I.O.); (K.M.); (P.V.); (K.D.V.); (E.D.B.); (R.S.); (K.V.)
| | - Elke De Bruyne
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, UZ Brussel, B-1090 Brussels, Belgium; (S.F.); (I.O.); (K.M.); (P.V.); (K.D.V.); (E.D.B.); (R.S.); (K.V.)
| | - Karel Fostier
- Department of Clinical Hematology, Onze-Lieve-Vrouwziekenhuis Aalst, B-9300 Aalst, Belgium;
| | - Isabelle Vande Broek
- Department of Clinical Hematology, Algemeen Ziekenhuis Nikolaas, B-9100 Sint-Niklaas, Belgium;
| | - Rik Schots
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, UZ Brussel, B-1090 Brussels, Belgium; (S.F.); (I.O.); (K.M.); (P.V.); (K.D.V.); (E.D.B.); (R.S.); (K.V.)
| | - Karin Vanderkerken
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, UZ Brussel, B-1090 Brussels, Belgium; (S.F.); (I.O.); (K.M.); (P.V.); (K.D.V.); (E.D.B.); (R.S.); (K.V.)
| | - Johannes V. Swinnen
- Laboratory of Lipid Metabolism and Cancer, Department of Oncology, LKI-Leuven Cancer Institute, KU Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium; (J.D.); (J.V.S.)
| | - Eline Menu
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, UZ Brussel, B-1090 Brussels, Belgium; (S.F.); (I.O.); (K.M.); (P.V.); (K.D.V.); (E.D.B.); (R.S.); (K.V.)
- Correspondence:
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Etxaniz A, González‐Bullón D, Martín C, Alonso MT, Ostolaza H. Irreversibleversusrepairable membrane poration: differences in permeabilization elicited byBordetellaAdenylate Cyclase Toxin and its hemolysin domain in macrophages. FEBS J 2019; 287:1798-1815. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.15106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Asier Etxaniz
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular (UPV/EHU) Instituto Biofisika (UPV/EHU CSIC) Bilbao Spain
| | - David González‐Bullón
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular (UPV/EHU) Instituto Biofisika (UPV/EHU CSIC) Bilbao Spain
| | - César Martín
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular (UPV/EHU) Instituto Biofisika (UPV/EHU CSIC) Bilbao Spain
| | | | - Helena Ostolaza
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular (UPV/EHU) Instituto Biofisika (UPV/EHU CSIC) Bilbao Spain
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Changes in Membrane Ceramide Pools in Rat Soleus Muscle in Response to Short-Term Disuse. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20194860. [PMID: 31574943 PMCID: PMC6801848 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20194860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid raft disruption is an early event during skeletal muscle unloading. Ceramide (Cer) serves as a signaling lipid that can contribute to lipid raft disturbance and muscle atrophy. Using biochemical and fluorescent approaches, the distribution of Cer and related molecules in the rat soleus muscle subjected to 12 h of hindlimb suspension (HS) was studied. HS led to upregulation of TNFα receptor 1 (TNFR1), Cer-producing enzymes, and acid and neutral sphingomyelinase (SMase) in detergent-resistant membranes (lipid rafts), which was accompanied by an increase in Cer and a decrease in sphingomyelin in this membrane fraction. Fluorescent labeling indicated increased Cer in the sarcoplasm as well as the junctional (synaptic) and extrajunctional compartments of the suspended muscles. Also, a loss of membrane asymmetry (a hallmark of membrane disturbance) was induced by HS. Pretreatment with clomipramine, a functional inhibitor of acid SMase, counteracted HS-mediated changes in the Cer/sphingomyelin ratio and acid SMase abundance as well as suppressed Cer accumulation in the intracellular membranes of junctional and extrajunctional regions. However, the elevation of plasma membrane Cer and disturbance of the membrane asymmetry were suppressed only in the junctional compartment. We suggest that acute HS leads to TNFR1 and SMase upregulation in the lipid raft fraction and deposition of Cer throughout the sarcolemma and intracellularly. Clomipramine-mediated downregulation of acid SMase can suppress Cer accumulation in all compartments, excluding the extrajunctional plasma membrane.
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Anheuser S, Breiden B, Sandhoff K. Ganglioside GM2 catabolism is inhibited by storage compounds of mucopolysaccharidoses and by cationic amphiphilic drugs. Mol Genet Metab 2019; 128:75-83. [PMID: 31097363 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2019.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The catabolism of ganglioside GM2 is dependent on the lysosomal enzyme β-hexosaminidase A and a supporting lipid transfer protein, the GM2 activator protein. A genetically based disturbance of GM2 catabolism, leads to several subtypes of the GM2 gangliosidosis: Tay-Sachs disease, Sandhoff disease, the AB-variant and the B1-variant, all of them having GM2 as major lysosomal storage compound. Further on it is known that the gangliosides GM2 and GM3 accumulate as secondary storage compounds in mucopolysaccharidoses, especially in Hunter disease, Hurler disease, Sanfilippo disease and Sly syndrome, with chondroitin sulfate as primary storage compound. The exact mechanism of ganglioside accumulation in mucopolysaccaridoses is still a matter of debate. Here, we show that chondroitin sulfate strongly inhibits the catabolism of membrane-bound GM2 by β-hexosaminidase A in presence of GM2 activator protein in vitro already at low micromolar concentrations. In contrast, hyaluronan, the major storage compound in mucopolysaccharidosis IX, a milder disease without secondary ganglioside accumulation, is a less effective inhibitor. On the other hand, hydrolysis of micellar-bound GM2 by β-hexosaminidase A without the assistance of GM2AP was not impeded by chondroitin sulfate implicating that the inhibition of GM2 hydrolysis by chondroitin sulfate is most likely based on an interaction with GM2AP, the GM2AP-GM2 complex or the GM2-carrying membranes. We also studied the influence of some cationic amphiphilic drugs (desipramine, chlorpromazine, imipramine and chloroquine), provoking drug induced phospholipidosis and found that all of them inhibited the hydrolysis of GM2 massively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susi Anheuser
- LIMES Institute, Membrane Biology & Lipid Biochemistry Unit, c/o Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 1, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Bernadette Breiden
- LIMES Institute, Membrane Biology & Lipid Biochemistry Unit, c/o Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 1, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Konrad Sandhoff
- LIMES Institute, Membrane Biology & Lipid Biochemistry Unit, c/o Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 1, D-53121 Bonn, Germany.
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Anand A, Liu B, Dicroce Giacobini J, Maeda K, Rohde M, Jäättelä M. Cell Death Induced by Cationic Amphiphilic Drugs Depends on Lysosomal Ca 2+ Release and Cyclic AMP. Mol Cancer Ther 2019; 18:1602-1614. [PMID: 31285280 PMCID: PMC7611280 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-18-1406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Repurposing cationic amphiphilic drugs (CAD) for cancer treatment is emerging as an attractive means to enhance the efficacy of chemotherapy. Many commonly used CADs, including several cation amphiphilic antihistamines and antidepressants, induce cancer-specific, lysosome-dependent cell death and sensitize cancer cells to chemotherapy. CAD-induced inhibition of lysosomal acid sphingomyelinase is necessary, but not sufficient, for the subsequent lysosomal membrane permeabilization and cell death, while other pathways regulating this cell death pathway are largely unknown. Prompted by significant changes in the expression of genes involved in Ca2+ and cyclic AMP (cAMP) signaling pathways in CAD-resistant MCF7 breast cancer cells, we identified here an early lysosomal Ca2+ release through P2X purinergic receptor 4 (P2RX4) and subsequent Ca2+- and adenylyl cyclase 1 (ADCY1)-dependent synthesis of cAMP as a signaling route mediating CAD-induced lysosomal membrane permeabilization and cell death. Importantly, pharmacologic and genetic means to increase cellular cAMP levels either by activating cAMP-inducing G-protein-coupled receptors (GPR3 or β2 adrenergic receptor) or ADCY1, or by inhibiting cAMP-reducing guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit α2, C-X-C motif chemokine receptor type 4, or cAMP phosphodiesterases, sensitized cancer cells to CADs. These data reveal a previously unrecognized lysosomal P2RX4- and ADCY1-dependent signaling cascade as a pathway essential for CAD-induced lysosome-dependent cell death and encourage further investigations to find the most potent combinations of CADs and cAMP-inducing drugs for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atul Anand
- Cell Death and Metabolism Unit, Center for Autophagy, Recycling and Disease (CARD), Danish Cancer Society Research Center (DCRC), Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bin Liu
- Cell Death and Metabolism Unit, Center for Autophagy, Recycling and Disease (CARD), Danish Cancer Society Research Center (DCRC), Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jano Dicroce Giacobini
- Cell Death and Metabolism Unit, Center for Autophagy, Recycling and Disease (CARD), Danish Cancer Society Research Center (DCRC), Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kenji Maeda
- Cell Death and Metabolism Unit, Center for Autophagy, Recycling and Disease (CARD), Danish Cancer Society Research Center (DCRC), Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mikkel Rohde
- Cell Death and Metabolism Unit, Center for Autophagy, Recycling and Disease (CARD), Danish Cancer Society Research Center (DCRC), Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marja Jäättelä
- Cell Death and Metabolism Unit, Center for Autophagy, Recycling and Disease (CARD), Danish Cancer Society Research Center (DCRC), Copenhagen, Denmark.
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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48
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Živanović V, Seifert S, Drescher D, Schrade P, Werner S, Guttmann P, Szekeres GP, Bachmann S, Schneider G, Arenz C, Kneipp J. Optical Nanosensing of Lipid Accumulation due to Enzyme Inhibition in Live Cells. ACS NANO 2019; 13:9363-9375. [PMID: 31314989 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b04001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Drugs that influence enzymes of lipid metabolism can cause pathological accumulation of lipids in animal cells. Here, gold nanoparticles, acting as nanosensors that deliver surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectra from living cells provide molecular evidence of lipid accumulation in lysosomes after treatment of cultured cells with the three tricyclic antidepressants (TCA) desipramine, amitryptiline, and imipramine. The vibrational spectra elucidate to great detail and with very high sensitivity the composition of the drug-induced lipid accumulations, also observed in fixed samples by electron microscopy and X-ray nanotomography. The nanoprobes show that mostly sphingomyelin is accumulated in the lysosomes but also other lipids, in particular, cholesterol. The observation of sphingomyelin accumulation supports the impairment of the enzyme acid sphingomyelinase. The SERS data were analyzed by random forest based approaches, in particular, by minimal depth variable selection and surrogate minimal depth (SMD), shown here to be particularly useful machine learning tools for the analysis of the lipid signals that contribute only weakly to SERS spectra of cells. SMD is used for the identification of molecular colocalization and interactions of the drug molecules with lipid membranes and for discriminating between the biochemical effects of the three different TCA molecules, in agreement with their different activity. The spectra also indicate that the protein composition is significantly changed in cells treated with the drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vesna Živanović
- Department of Chemistry , Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin , Brook-Taylor-Strasse 2 , 12489 Berlin , Germany
- School of Analytical Sciences Adlershof SALSA , Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin , Albert-Einstein-Strasse 5-9 , 12489 Berlin , Germany
| | - Stephan Seifert
- Institute of Medical Informatics and Statistics , Kiel University, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein , 24105 Kiel , Germany
| | - Daniela Drescher
- Department of Chemistry , Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin , Brook-Taylor-Strasse 2 , 12489 Berlin , Germany
| | - Petra Schrade
- Department of Anatomy , Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin , Berlin 10117 , Germany
| | - Stephan Werner
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie , BESSY II, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15 , 12489 Berlin , Germany
| | - Peter Guttmann
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie , BESSY II, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15 , 12489 Berlin , Germany
| | - Gergo Peter Szekeres
- Department of Chemistry , Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin , Brook-Taylor-Strasse 2 , 12489 Berlin , Germany
- School of Analytical Sciences Adlershof SALSA , Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin , Albert-Einstein-Strasse 5-9 , 12489 Berlin , Germany
| | - Sebastian Bachmann
- Department of Anatomy , Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin , Berlin 10117 , Germany
| | - Gerd Schneider
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie , BESSY II, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15 , 12489 Berlin , Germany
| | - Christoph Arenz
- Department of Chemistry , Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin , Brook-Taylor-Strasse 2 , 12489 Berlin , Germany
- School of Analytical Sciences Adlershof SALSA , Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin , Albert-Einstein-Strasse 5-9 , 12489 Berlin , Germany
| | - Janina Kneipp
- Department of Chemistry , Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin , Brook-Taylor-Strasse 2 , 12489 Berlin , Germany
- School of Analytical Sciences Adlershof SALSA , Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin , Albert-Einstein-Strasse 5-9 , 12489 Berlin , Germany
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49
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Zeitler S, Ye L, Andreyeva A, Schumacher F, Monti J, Nürnberg B, Nowak G, Kleuser B, Reichel M, Fejtová A, Kornhuber J, Rhein C, Friedland K. Acid sphingomyelinase - a regulator of canonical transient receptor potential channel 6 (TRPC6) activity. J Neurochem 2019; 150:678-690. [PMID: 31310676 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Recent investigations propose the acid sphingomyelinase (ASM)/ceramide system as a novel target for antidepressant action. ASM catalyzes the breakdown of the abundant membrane lipid sphingomyelin to the lipid messenger ceramide. This ASM-induced lipid modification induces a local shift in membrane properties, which influences receptor clustering and downstream signaling. Canonical transient receptor potential channels 6 (TRPC6) are non-selective cation channels located in the cell membrane that play an important role in dendritic growth, synaptic plasticity and cognition in the brain. They can be activated by hyperforin, an ingredient of the herbal remedy St. John's wort for treatment of depression disorders. Because of their role in the context of major depression, we investigated the crosstalk between the ASM/ceramide system and TRPC6 ion channels in a pheochromocytoma cell line 12 neuronal cell model (PC12 rat pheochromocytoma cell line). Ca2+ imaging experiments indicated that hyperforin-induced Ca2+ influx through TRPC6 channels is modulated by ASM activity. While antidepressants, known as functional inhibitors of ASM activity, reduced TRPC6-mediated Ca2+ influx, extracellular application of bacterial sphingomyelinase rebalanced TRPC6 activity in a concentration-related way. This effect was confirmed in whole-cell patch clamp electrophysiology recordings. Lipidomic analyses revealed a decrease in very long chain ceramide/sphingomyelin molar ratio after ASM inhibition, which was connected with changes in the abundance of TRPC6 channels in flotillin-1-positive lipid rafts as visualized by western blotting. Our data provide evidence that the ASM/ceramide system regulates TRPC6 channels likely by controlling their recruitment to specific lipid subdomains and thereby fine-tuning their physical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Zeitler
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Molecular and Clinical Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lian Ye
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Molecular and Clinical Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Aksana Andreyeva
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Molecular and Clinical Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Fabian Schumacher
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany.,Department of Molecular Biology, University Clinic, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Juliana Monti
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Bernd Nürnberg
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapy, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Eberhard Karls University Hospitals and Clinics and Interfaculty Center of Pharmacogenomics and Drug Research (ICePhA), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Gabriel Nowak
- Department of Pharmacobiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland.,Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - Burkhard Kleuser
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Martin Reichel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Anna Fejtová
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Johannes Kornhuber
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Cosima Rhein
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Kristina Friedland
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Molecular and Clinical Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Institute for Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Johannes-Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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50
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Fang Z, Pyne S, Pyne NJ. WITHDRAWN: Ceramide and Sphingosine 1-Phosphate in adipose dysfunction. Prog Lipid Res 2019:100991. [PMID: 31442525 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2019.100991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zijian Fang
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161, Cathedral St, Glasgow, G4 0RE, Scotland, UK
| | - Susan Pyne
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161, Cathedral St, Glasgow, G4 0RE, Scotland, UK
| | - Nigel J Pyne
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161, Cathedral St, Glasgow, G4 0RE, Scotland, UK
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