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McGorry PD, Mei C, Dalal N, Alvarez-Jimenez M, Blakemore SJ, Browne V, Dooley B, Hickie IB, Jones PB, McDaid D, Mihalopoulos C, Wood SJ, El Azzouzi FA, Fazio J, Gow E, Hanjabam S, Hayes A, Morris A, Pang E, Paramasivam K, Quagliato Nogueira I, Tan J, Adelsheim S, Broome MR, Cannon M, Chanen AM, Chen EYH, Danese A, Davis M, Ford T, Gonsalves PP, Hamilton MP, Henderson J, John A, Kay-Lambkin F, Le LKD, Kieling C, Mac Dhonnagáin N, Malla A, Nieman DH, Rickwood D, Robinson J, Shah JL, Singh S, Soosay I, Tee K, Twenge J, Valmaggia L, van Amelsvoort T, Verma S, Wilson J, Yung A, Iyer SN, Killackey E. The Lancet Psychiatry Commission on youth mental health. Lancet Psychiatry 2024; 11:731-774. [PMID: 39147461 DOI: 10.1016/s2215-0366(24)00163-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick D McGorry
- Orygen, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Cristina Mei
- Orygen, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Mario Alvarez-Jimenez
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Vivienne Browne
- Orygen, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Barbara Dooley
- School of Psychology, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ian B Hickie
- Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Peter B Jones
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - David McDaid
- Care Policy and Evaluation Centre, Department of Health Policy, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK
| | - Cathrine Mihalopoulos
- Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Monash University Health Economics Group, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Stephen J Wood
- Orygen, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | | | | | - Ella Gow
- Orygen, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | | | | | | | - Elina Pang
- Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | | | | | | | - Steven Adelsheim
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Matthew R Broome
- Institute for Mental Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; Birmingham Women's and Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Mary Cannon
- Department of Psychiatry, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Andrew M Chanen
- Orygen, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Eric Y H Chen
- Institute of Mental Health, Singapore; Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore; LKS School of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Andrea Danese
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK; National and Specialist Child and Adolescent Mental Health Service Clinic for Trauma, Anxiety, and Depression, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Maryann Davis
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Tamsin Ford
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Pattie P Gonsalves
- Youth Mental Health Group, Sangath, New Delhi, India; School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
| | - Matthew P Hamilton
- Orygen, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jo Henderson
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ann John
- Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | | | - Long K-D Le
- Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Monash University Health Economics Group, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Christian Kieling
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - Ashok Malla
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada; ACCESS Open Minds and Prevention and Early Intervention Program for Psychosis, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Verdun, QC, Canada
| | - Dorien H Nieman
- Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Debra Rickwood
- Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, Australia; headspace National Youth Mental Health Foundation, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jo Robinson
- Orygen, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jai L Shah
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada; ACCESS Open Minds and Prevention and Early Intervention Program for Psychosis, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Verdun, QC, Canada
| | - Swaran Singh
- Mental Health and Wellbeing, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick and Coventry and Warwickshire Partnership Trust, Coventry, UK
| | - Ian Soosay
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Karen Tee
- Foundry, Providence Health Care, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jean Twenge
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Lucia Valmaggia
- Orygen, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Therese van Amelsvoort
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Jon Wilson
- Norfolk and Suffolk NHS Foundation Trust, Norwich, UK
| | - Alison Yung
- Orygen, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia; School of Health Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Srividya N Iyer
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada; ACCESS Open Minds and Prevention and Early Intervention Program for Psychosis, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Verdun, QC, Canada
| | - Eóin Killackey
- Orygen, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Gamblin K, McNaughton RJ, Raby P. "I haven't got a clue what policies are in place for this!": physiotherapy students' preparedness to deal with self-harm. Physiotherapy 2024; 124:21-28. [PMID: 38865764 DOI: 10.1016/j.physio.2024.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The prevalence of self-harm and the potential link with suicidal ideation highlights the need to prepare future physiotherapists to deal with the potentially catastrophic outcomes to which a lack of understanding in this area can lead. The aim of this research was to investigate if final year physiotherapy students felt prepared to assess risk of suicide or self-harm following patient disclosure, or showing signs of intention to harm themselves. DESIGN An interpretive phenomenological methodology (IPA) was implemented to aid in the understanding and interpretation of participants' own experiences. In conjunction with the overarching design, semi-structured interviews, via two focus groups, were used to explore participants' views. SETTING Focus groups were conducted via an online platform. PARTICIPANTS Purposive sampling was employed as a sampling method to recruit final year physiotherapy students. The final sample consisted of ten participants. RESULTS Four main themes were identified: Experiences of disclosure; Encountering mental health; Lack of mental health education, and Lack of knowledge regarding policy and procedure. CONCLUSIONS The findings highlight a deficit with regards to the preparedness of final year students in dealing with disclosure to self-harm. A lack of both formal education regarding mental illness and of practice experience in the field of mental health contribute to this. Therefore, a more rigorous and directed approach to education regarding mental illness is essential. Furthermore, involvement in mental health practice placements would allow for a greater level of experiential learning and understanding of the issues faced by those living with mental illness. CONTRIBUTION OF THE PAPER Contribution to the evidence: Contribution to knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Gamblin
- Durham and Darlington Occupational Therapy Hub, TEWV NHS Foundation Trust, West Park Hospital, Darlington DL2 2TS, UK
| | - Rebekah Jayne McNaughton
- Department of Nursing and Midwifery, School of Health and Social Care, Teesside University, Centuria Building, Middlesbrough TS1 3BA, UK
| | - Peter Raby
- Department of Nursing and Midwifery, School of Health and Social Care, Teesside University, Centuria Building, Middlesbrough TS1 3BA, UK.
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Wang CY, Jiang SY, Liao SM, Tian-Liu, Wu QS, Pan HQ, Wei-Nie, Zhang WH, Pan BX, Liu WZ. Dimethyl fumarate ameliorates chronic stress-induced anxiety-like behaviors by decreasing neuroinflammation and neuronal activity in the amygdala. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 137:112414. [PMID: 38897132 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic stress-induced neuroinflammation plays a pivotal role in the development and exacerbation of mental disorders, such as anxiety and depression. Dimethyl Fumarate (DMF), an effective therapeutic agent approved for the treatment of multiple sclerosis, has been widely reported to display anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects. However, the impact of DMF on chronic stress-induced anxiety disorders and the exact underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. METHODS We established a mouse model of chronic social defeat stress (CSDS). DMF was administered orally 1 h before daily stress session for 10 days in CSDS + DMF group. qRT-PCR and western blotting were used to analyze mRNA and protein expression of NLRP3, Caspase-1 and IL-1β. Immunofluorescence staining was carried out to detect the expression of Iba 1 and c-fos positive cells as well as morphological change of Iba 1+ microglia. Whole-cell patch-clamp recording was applied to evaluate synaptic transmission and intrinsic excitability of neurons. RESULTS DMF treatment significantly alleviated CSDS-induced anxiety-like behaviors in mice. Mechanistically, DMF treatment prevented CSDS-induced neuroinflammation by inhibiting the activation of microglia and NLRP3/Caspase-1/IL-1β signaling pathway in basolateral amygdala (BLA), a brain region important for emotional processing. Furthermore, DMF treatment effectively reversed the CSDS-caused disruption of excitatory and inhibitory synaptic transmission balance, as well as the increased intrinsic excitability of BLA neurons. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide new evidence that DMF may exert anxiolytic effect by preventing CSDS-induced activation of NLRP3/Caspase-1/IL-1β signaling pathway and alleviating hyperactivity of BLA neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yan Wang
- School of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China; Laboratory of Fear and Anxiety Disorders, Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Si-Ying Jiang
- Laboratory of Fear and Anxiety Disorders, Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Shuang-Mei Liao
- Laboratory of Fear and Anxiety Disorders, Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Tian-Liu
- School of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China; Laboratory of Fear and Anxiety Disorders, Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Qi-Sheng Wu
- Laboratory of Fear and Anxiety Disorders, Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Han-Qing Pan
- Laboratory of Fear and Anxiety Disorders, Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Wei-Nie
- Laboratory of Fear and Anxiety Disorders, Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Wen-Hua Zhang
- School of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China; Laboratory of Fear and Anxiety Disorders, Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China.
| | - Bing-Xing Pan
- Laboratory of Fear and Anxiety Disorders, Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China.
| | - Wei-Zhu Liu
- Laboratory of Fear and Anxiety Disorders, Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China; Department of Pathology, The 1(st) Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China.
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Purgato M, Albanese E, Papola D, Prina E, Tedeschi F, Gross A, Sijbrandij M, Acarturk C, Annoni AM, Silva M, Jordans MJD, Lund C, Tol WA, Cuijpers P, Barbui C. How to distinguish promotion, prevention and treatment trials in public mental health? Study protocol for the development of the VErona-LUgano Tool (VELUT). BMJ Open 2024; 14:e082652. [PMID: 39142679 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-082652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Promoting mental health, preventing and treating mental disorders are critically important in public health, and many randomised controlled trials (RCTs) evaluate intervention strategies for these objectives. However, distinguishing promotion from prevention and from treatment RCTs is challenging. A tool to place studies along the promotion-to-treatment continuum in mental health research does not exist, leaving it to researchers and policymakers to decide on how to classify individual RCTs, which hinders evidence synthesis. METHODS AND ANALYSIS We present a protocol for the development of a new tool to assist researchers in distinguishing RCTs along the promotion-to-treatment continuum. We will establish a Tool Development Group, and use the Population, Intervention, Comparison and Outcome framework to define constructs. We will generate, define, categorise and reduce the items in the tool using qualitative methods, including cognitive interviews and a Delphi exercise. Psychometric evaluation-including unidimensionality, local independence, monotonicity and item homogeneity-will include data collection, scoring, internal consistency checks and factor analysis of the tool's indicators for available RCTs. We will use standard Cohen's kappa statistics to assess the reliability of the tool. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This study involves data collection from the already published literature. However, this protocol has been approved by the ethics committee of the Università della Svizzera Italiana (CE 2024 04). The results of the present project will be disseminated in peer-reviewed journals and at international and national scientific meetings. Training materials for the application of the tool will also be developed and disseminated to the scientific community. The tool and all related implementation materials will be published on a website and will be freely accessible to the public.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Purgato
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Training in Mental Health and Service Evaluation, Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Psychiatry, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Emiliano Albanese
- Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Davide Papola
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Training in Mental Health and Service Evaluation, Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Psychiatry, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
- Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Eleonora Prina
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Training in Mental Health and Service Evaluation, Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Psychiatry, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Federico Tedeschi
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Training in Mental Health and Service Evaluation, Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Psychiatry, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Alden Gross
- Johns Hopkins University Center on Aging and Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Marit Sijbrandij
- Department of Clinical, Neuro- and Developmental Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ceren Acarturk
- Department of Psychology, Koc University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Anna Maria Annoni
- Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Manuela Silva
- Lisbon Institute of Global Mental Health, NOVA University of Lisbon, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Mark J D Jordans
- Health Service and Population Research Department, Centre for Global Mental Health, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College, London, UK
- Research and Development Department, War Child, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Social Science Research, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Crick Lund
- Health Service and Population Research Department, Centre for Global Mental Health, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College, London, UK
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Wietse A Tol
- Global Health Section, University of Copenhagen, Kobenhavn, Denmark
- Athena Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Pim Cuijpers
- Department of Clinical, Neuro- and Developmental Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Corrado Barbui
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Training in Mental Health and Service Evaluation, Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Psychiatry, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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Erschens R, Armbruster I, Adam SH, Rapp F, Braun L, Schröpel C, Zipfel S, Rieger MA, Gündel H, Rothermund E, Junne F. Unveiling social relationships: exploring the importance of relationships as a moderator of the link between effort-reward imbalance and leader-member exchange among healthcare professionals. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:2169. [PMID: 39127619 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-19652-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Healthcare professionals are at increased risk of experiencing occupational stress and its detrimental stress-sequalae. Relevant theories that contribute to the subjective experience of occupational stress have been identified, such as the model of effort-reward imbalance (ERI) and the concept of leader-member exchange (LMX). The aim of this study was to examine how the perceived importance of social relationships at work moderates the relationship between LMX and imbalance ERI. METHODS A survey was conducted among N = 1,137 healthcare professionals from diverse occupational categories in a tertiary hospital in Germany. ERI was gauged using the German version of the Effort-Reward Imbalance Questionnaire (ERI-S 10). The quality of leader-employee dyadic relationships was assessed using the German version of the Leader-Member Exchange (LMX-7). The importance of social relationships was assessed on the basis of a previously validated polarity profile. RESULTS More than 75% of healthcare professionals reported high levels of ERI, with those involved in direct patient care particularly affected. On average, leaders rated relationship quality higher than their respective followers. Subjectively higher LMX was associated with lower ERI. This association was moderated by the perceived importance of social relationships at work. Higher subjective ratings of their importance led to a stronger association. CONCLUSION The study highlights the particular challenges faced in the healthcare sector. The results emphasize that the perceived importance of social relationships at work can play a key role in healthcare professionals' job stress and underline the need for stress prevention programs that engage both leaders and followers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Erschens
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Tuebingen, University of Tuebingen, 72076, Tuebingen, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany.
| | - Ines Armbruster
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Tuebingen, University of Tuebingen, 72076, Tuebingen, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
| | - Sophia Helen Adam
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Tuebingen, University of Tuebingen, 72076, Tuebingen, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
| | - Felicitas Rapp
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Tuebingen, University of Tuebingen, 72076, Tuebingen, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm University, 89070, Ulm, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Lisa Braun
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Tuebingen, University of Tuebingen, 72076, Tuebingen, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
| | - Carla Schröpel
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Tuebingen, University of Tuebingen, 72076, Tuebingen, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
| | - Stephan Zipfel
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Tuebingen, University of Tuebingen, 72076, Tuebingen, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
- German Center for Mental Health (DZPG), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Monika A Rieger
- Institute of Occupational and Social Medicine and Health Services Research, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076, Tuebingen, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
| | - Harald Gündel
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081, Ulm, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Eva Rothermund
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081, Ulm, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Florian Junne
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Tuebingen, University of Tuebingen, 72076, Tuebingen, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, University Hospital Magdeburg, 39120, Magdeburg, Sachsen-Anhalt, Germany
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Hirsig A, Häfeli XA, Schmidt SJ. Efficacy of a transdiagnostic Internet prevention approach in adolescents (EMPATIA study): study protocol of a randomized controlled trial. Trials 2024; 25:530. [PMID: 39118136 PMCID: PMC11308397 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-024-08241-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most mental disorders have their onset in adolescence. Preventive interventions during this period are important; however, help-seeking behavior is generally poor in this age group resulting in low treatment rates. Internet interventions are expected to be an effective, low-threshold, and scalable approach to overcome barriers to help-seeking, particularly for individuals experiencing subclinical symptoms. Internet-delivered indicated prevention seems promising as it targets individuals with minimal symptoms of mental disorders who might need care but are not help-seeking yet. Previous indicated prevention-approaches have mainly targeted specific risk-syndromes. However, this contradicts the increasing recognition of emerging psychopathology as a complex system characterized by co-occurrence and rapid shifts of subclinical symptoms cutting across diagnostic categories. Therefore, this study will investigate the efficacy, mediators, moderators, and core symptomatic changes of a transdiagnostic Internet-delivered indicated prevention program (EMPATIA program) for adolescents. METHODS This randomized controlled trial (RCT) will be conducted in a general population sample (planned n = 152) of adolescents aged 12-18 years with subclinical symptoms but without any current or past mental disorder. Participants will be randomly assigned to the EMPATIA program or a care as usual (CAU) control condition. The 8-week guided EMPATIA program encompasses 8 modules targeting the following transdiagnostic mechanisms: repetitive negative thinking, self-perfectionism, emotion regulation, intolerance of uncertainty, rejection sensitivity, and behavioral avoidance. Participants will be asked to answer online self-report questionnaires at baseline, after 8 weeks, and at 6-, 9-, and 12-month follow-up. Diagnostic telephone interviews will be conducted at baseline and at 12-month follow-up. Additionally, intervention-specific constructs (motivation, alliance, negative effects, satisfaction, adherence) will be assessed during and after the EMPATIA program. The level of self-reported general psychopathology post-intervention is the primary outcome. DISCUSSION Results will be discussed considering the potential of Internet interventions as a scalable, low-threshold option for indicated prevention in adolescents experiencing subclinical symptoms. The EMPATIA program introduces a novel Internet prevention program targeting six transdiagnostic mechanisms associated with various mental health outcomes. Thereby, this trial pursues a very timely and important topic because it may contribute to narrow the current care gap for adolescents, to prevent mental health problems and related negative consequences, and to promote mental health in the long-term. TRIAL REGISTRATION The trial was approved by Swissmedic (Registration Number: 10001035, 08/22/2022) and the Ethics Committee of Bern (Registration Number: 2022-D0036, 08/22/2022). The trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05934019 on 07-03-2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Hirsig
- Division of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, University of Bern, Fabrikstrasse 8, Bern, 3012, Switzerland.
| | - Xenia Anna Häfeli
- Division of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, University of Bern, Fabrikstrasse 8, Bern, 3012, Switzerland
| | - Stefanie Julia Schmidt
- Division of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, University of Bern, Fabrikstrasse 8, Bern, 3012, Switzerland
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7
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Sharew NT, Clark SR, Schubert KO, Amare AT. Pharmacogenomic scores in psychiatry: systematic review of current evidence. Transl Psychiatry 2024; 14:322. [PMID: 39107294 PMCID: PMC11303815 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-024-02998-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
In the past two decades, significant progress has been made in the development of polygenic scores (PGSs). One specific application of PGSs is the development and potential use of pharmacogenomic- scores (PGx-scores) to identify patients who can benefit from a specific medication or are likely to experience side effects. This systematic review comprehensively evaluates published PGx-score studies in psychiatry and provides insights into their potential clinical use and avenues for future development. A systematic literature search was conducted across PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases until 22 August 2023. This review included fifty-three primary studies, of which the majority (69.8%) were conducted using samples of European ancestry. We found that over 90% of PGx-scores in psychiatry have been developed based on psychiatric and medical diagnoses or trait variants, rather than pharmacogenomic variants. Among these PGx-scores, the polygenic score for schizophrenia (PGSSCZ) has been most extensively studied in relation to its impact on treatment outcomes (32 publications). Twenty (62.5%) of these studies suggest that individuals with higher PGSSCZ have negative outcomes from psychotropic treatment - poorer treatment response, higher rates of treatment resistance, more antipsychotic-induced side effects, or more psychiatric hospitalizations, while the remaining studies did not find significant associations. Although PGx-scores alone accounted for at best 5.6% of the variance in treatment outcomes (in schizophrenia treatment resistance), together with clinical variables they explained up to 13.7% (in bipolar lithium response), suggesting that clinical translation might be achieved by including PGx-scores in multivariable models. In conclusion, our literature review found that there are still very few studies developing PGx-scores using pharmacogenomic variants. Research with larger and diverse populations is required to develop clinically relevant PGx-scores, using biology-informed and multi-phenotypic polygenic scoring approaches, as well as by integrating clinical variables with these scores to facilitate their translation to psychiatric practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nigussie T Sharew
- Discipline of Psychiatry, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Asrat Woldeyes Health Science Campus, Debre Berhan University, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia
| | - Scott R Clark
- Discipline of Psychiatry, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - K Oliver Schubert
- Discipline of Psychiatry, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Division of Mental Health, Northern Adelaide Local Health Network, SA Health, Adelaide, Australia
- Headspace Adelaide Early Psychosis - Sonder, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Azmeraw T Amare
- Discipline of Psychiatry, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
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8
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Canavero I, Storti B, Marinoni G, De Souza DA, Moro E, Gatti L, Sacco S, Lorenzano S, Sandset EC, Poggesi A, Carrozzini T, Pollaci G, Potenza A, Gorla G, Wardlaw JM, Zedde ML, Bersano A. COVID-19 and stroke in women: impact on clinical, psychosocial and research aspects. Neurol Sci 2024:10.1007/s10072-024-07716-0. [PMID: 39103735 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-024-07716-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
Despite the growing interest in gender medicine, the influence of sex and gender on human diseases, including stroke, continues to be underestimated and understudied. The COVID-19 pandemic has overall impacted not only the occurrence and management of stroke but has also exacerbated sex and gender disparities among both patients and healthcare providers. This paper aims to provide an updated overview on the influence of sex and gender in stroke pathophysiology and care during COVID-19 pandemic, through biological, clinical, psychosocial and research perspectives. Gender equity and awareness of the importance of sexual differences are sorely needed, especially in times of health crisis but have not yet been achieved to date. To this purpose, the sudden yet worldwide diffusion of COVID-19 represents a unique learning experience that highlights critical unmet needs also in gender medicine. The failures of this recent past should be kept as food for thought to inspire proper strategies reducing inequalities and to address women's health and wellbeing issues, particularly in case of future pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Canavero
- Cerebrovascular Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, 20133, Italy
| | - Benedetta Storti
- Cerebrovascular Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, 20133, Italy
| | - Giulia Marinoni
- Cerebrovascular Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, 20133, Italy
| | - Diana Aguiar De Souza
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, CHULN, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Elena Moro
- Division of Neurology, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institute of Neuroscience, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble, France
| | - Laura Gatti
- Cerebrovascular Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, 20133, Italy
| | - Simona Sacco
- Neuroscience Section, Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | | | - Else C Sandset
- Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anna Poggesi
- NEUROFARBA Department, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Stroke Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
- Don Carlo Gnocchi Foundation, Florence, Italy
| | - Tatiana Carrozzini
- Cerebrovascular Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, 20133, Italy
| | - Giuliana Pollaci
- Cerebrovascular Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, 20133, Italy
| | - Antonella Potenza
- Cerebrovascular Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, 20133, Italy
| | - Gemma Gorla
- Cerebrovascular Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, 20133, Italy
| | - Joanna M Wardlaw
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, UK Dementia Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Maria Luisa Zedde
- Neurology Unit, Stroke Unit, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Anna Bersano
- Cerebrovascular Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, 20133, Italy.
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9
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Lomax T, Butler J, Cipriani A, Singh I. Effect of nature on the mental health and well-being of children and adolescents: meta-review. Br J Psychiatry 2024:1-9. [PMID: 39101636 DOI: 10.1192/bjp.2024.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Urbanisation is taking place worldwide and rates of mental illness are rising. There has been increasing interest in 'nature' and how it may benefit mental health and well-being. AIMS To understand how the literature defines nature; what the characteristics of the nature intervention are; what mental health and well-being outcomes are being measured; and what the evidence shows, in regard to how nature affects the mental health and well-being of children and adolescents. METHOD A meta-review was conducted, searching three databases for relevant primary and secondary studies, using key search terms including 'nature' and 'mental health' and 'mental well-being'. Inclusion criteria included published English-language studies on the child and adolescent population. Authors identified the highest quality evidence from studies meeting the inclusion criteria. Data were extracted and analysed using descriptive content analysis. RESULTS Sixteen systematic reviews, two scoping reviews and five good quality cohort studies were included. 'Nature' was conceptualised along a continuum (the 'nature research framework') into three categories: a human-designed environment with natural elements; a human-designed natural environment; and a natural environment. The nature 'intervention' falls into three areas (the 'nature intervention framework'): access, exposure and engagement with nature, with quantity and quality of nature relevant to all areas. Mental health and well-being outcomes fit along a continuum, with 'disorder' at one end and 'well-being' at the other. Nature appears to have a beneficial effect, but we cannot be certain of this. CONCLUSIONS Nature appears to have a beneficial effect on mental health and well-being of children and adolescents. Evidence is lacking on clinical populations, ethnically diverse populations and populations in low- and middle-income countries. Our results should be interpreted considering the limitations of the included studies and confidence in findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tessa Lomax
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; and Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Joseph Butler
- Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Andrea Cipriani
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, UK; and Oxford Precision Psychiatry Lab, NIHR Oxford Health Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Ilina Singh
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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10
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Rice KJ, Chen J, Kemps E, Roberts RM, Edwards S, Johnstone K. Two universal school-based prevention programs for depression and anxiety: 24-Month follow-up of an RCT. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry 2024; 85:101985. [PMID: 39142096 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2024.101985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Transdiagnostic approaches have been promoted as a means of maximising preventative effects across multiple problems with depression and anxiety suitable targets as they appear to have highly interconnected systems in pathology development and maintenance. This study investigated long-term effects of two universal school-based programs, Emotion Regulation (ER) and Behavioral Activation (BA), that sought to prevent depression and anxiety by targeting worry (a transdiagnostic feature) to promote resilience. METHODS This follow-up study captured data from 162 of 316 initial students (aged 8-13; 52.2% female), from six Australian schools. The original study design cluster randomised students by school into BA, ER, or a usual class control. Intervention conditions consisted of 8 × 50-min weekly sessions. This study measured the effects of these interventions after 24 months on resilience, worry, depression, and anxiety. Resilience was also examined as a potential mediator. RESULTS At 24-month follow-up, there was no significant effect of either intervention on depression, anxiety, worry, or resilience levels. Significantly fewer participants in ER and BA met clinical thresholds for separation anxiety disorder (SAD) and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in the 24-month follow-up compared with baseline. No mediation effects were found. LIMITATIONS Although self-report measures are common in universal, school-based research, this represents a study limitation. CONCLUSIONS Both interventions may provide limited long-term protective effects on SAD and OCD symptoms, which appear to have a shelf-life shorter than 24 months. To maintain program effects, refresher sessions at shorter intervals may be a consideration for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karlie J Rice
- Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Australia
| | - Junwen Chen
- Research School of Psychology, Australian National University, Australia
| | - Eva Kemps
- College of Education, Psychology & Social Work, Flinders University, Australia
| | - Rachel M Roberts
- Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Australia.
| | - Suzanne Edwards
- Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Australia
| | - Kristy Johnstone
- College of Education, Psychology & Social Work, Flinders University, Australia
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11
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Wu Y, Fan L, Xia F, Zhou Y, Wang H, Feng L, Xie S, Xu W, Xie Z, He J, Liu D, He S, Xu Y, Deng J, Wang T, Chen L. Global, regional, and national time trends in incidence for depressive disorders, from 1990 to 2019: an age-period-cohort analysis for the GBD 2019. Ann Gen Psychiatry 2024; 23:28. [PMID: 39095916 PMCID: PMC11297615 DOI: 10.1186/s12991-024-00513-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Even with advances in primary health care, depressive disorders remain a major global public health problem. We conducted an in-depth analysis of global, regional and national trends in depressive disorders incidence over the past 30 years. METHODS Data on the incidence of depressive disorders were obtained by sex (female, male, and both), location (204 countries), age (5-84 years), year (1990-2019) from the Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) 2019. Further, age-period-cohort modeling was used to estimate the net drift, local drift, age, period and cohort effects between 1990 and 2019. RESULTS In 2019, although the incidence of depressive disorders has increased by 59.3% to 290 million (95% UI: 256, 328), the age-standardized incidence rate has decreased by 2.35% to 3588.25 per 100,000 people (3152.71, 4060.42) compared to 1990. There was an emerging transition of incidences from the young and middle-aged population to the old population. From 1990 to 2019, the net drift of incidence rate ranged from -0.54% (-0.61%, -0.47%) in low-middle Socio-demographic Index (SDI) regions to 0.52% (0.25%, 0.79%) in high SDI regions. Globally, the incidence rate of depressive disorders increases with age, period effects showing a decreasing risk and cohort effects beginning to decline after the 1960s. CONCLUSIONS Our current findings reflect substantial health disparities and potential priority-setting of depressive disorders incidence in the three dimensions of age, period and cohort across SDI regions, countries. The scope of healthcare to improve the progression of depressive disorders events can be expanded to include males, females of all ages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhang Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Luying Fan
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Fan Xia
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yunzhe Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Haiyan Wang
- Department of Dermatology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Lijuan Feng
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530000, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Shudong Xie
- Transplantation Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wendi Xu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhiqin Xie
- Jiangxi Medical Center for Critical Public Health Events, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330052, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing He
- Department of Obstetrics, Xiangtan Central Hospital, Xiangtan, Hunan, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Prehospital Emergency Department of Xiangtan Central Hospital, Xiangtan, China
| | - Sui He
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xiangtan Central Hospital, Xiangtan, Hunan, China
| | - Yuting Xu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Deng
- Hunan Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Tingting Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
- NHC Key Laboratory of Birth Defect for Research and Prevention, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Lizhang Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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12
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Olumide A. Mental health help-seeking by children and adolescents in Uganda's refugee settlements. THE LANCET. CHILD & ADOLESCENT HEALTH 2024; 8:546-547. [PMID: 39025555 DOI: 10.1016/s2352-4642(24)00166-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Adesola Olumide
- College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan 200212, Nigeria.
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13
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Piskunowicz MT, Kołodziej K, Altukhova V, Wojtasik J, Jaremko T, Borkowska A. Associations between affective temperament, perceived stress, and helping among Ukrainians and Poles in the context of the war in Ukraine. Appl Psychol Health Well Being 2024; 16:944-966. [PMID: 37675617 DOI: 10.1111/aphw.12487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
The Russian aggression of Ukraine has put millions of civilians under immense stress and forced many of them to leave their homes for safety and help. Poland became one of the leading destinations for waves of Ukrainians fleeing this war. The level of perceived stress in people who experienced war depends on various factors, including individual psychological variables. The main aim of this study was to analyze perceived stress levels and the predictive role of affective temperaments, as defined by Akiskal, for perceived stress in Ukrainians and Poles during the first year of the Russo-Ukrainian war. Secondly, we studied the relationship between affective temperament, stress, and commitment to help Ukrainian refugees. Self-report data from 410 Ukrainians and 146 Poles were collected. The results of this study shed light on perceived stress in war-affected populations and the role of affective temperaments in predicting its levels. We also demonstrated the links between affective temperament, perceived stress, and involvement in helping Ukrainian refugees. Understanding the mental status of people affected by war and its predictors is crucial to providing appropriate support and assistance to those in need.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Tatiana Piskunowicz
- Department of Clinical Neuropsychology, Faculty of Health Science, Antoni Jurasz University Hospital No. 1, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Kosma Kołodziej
- Department of Preventive Nursing, Faculty of Health Science, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Valeriia Altukhova
- Department of Clinical Neuropsychology, Faculty of Health Science, Antoni Jurasz University Hospital No. 1, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Jakub Wojtasik
- Interdisciplinary Doctoral School of Social Science, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Toruń, Poland
| | | | - Alina Borkowska
- Department of Clinical Neuropsychology, Faculty of Health Science, Antoni Jurasz University Hospital No. 1, Bydgoszcz, Poland
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14
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Yang X, Zhong Z. Vitamin D and 8 major psychiatric disorders: A two-sample Mendelian randomization study. Asian J Psychiatr 2024; 98:104141. [PMID: 38959547 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2024.104141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiudeng Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shaoyang University, Shaoyang, China.
| | - Zheng Zhong
- Department of Radiology, First Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, China.
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15
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Sutcliffe K, Wilson M, Clark TC, Crengle S, Fleming T(T. Distinct profiles of mental health need and high need overall among New Zealand adolescents - Cluster analysis of population survey data. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 2024; 58:678-692. [PMID: 38600641 PMCID: PMC11308291 DOI: 10.1177/00048674241243262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective was to identify clinically meaningful groups of adolescents based on self-reported mental health and wellbeing data in a population sample of New Zealand secondary school students. METHODS We conducted a cluster analysis of six variables from the Youth19 Rangatahi Smart Survey (n = 7721, ages 13-18 years, 2019): wellbeing (World Health Organization Well-Being Index), possible anxiety symptoms (Generalized Anxiety Disorder 2-item, adapted), depression symptoms (short form of the Reynolds Adolescent Depression Scale) and past-year self-harm, suicide ideation and suicide attempt. Demographic, contextual and behavioural predictors of cluster membership were determined through multiple discriminant function analysis. We performed cross-validation analyses using holdout samples. RESULTS We identified five clusters (n = 7083). The healthy cluster (n = 2855, 40.31%) reported positive mental health across indicators; the anxious cluster (n = 1994, 28.15%) reported high possible anxiety symptoms and otherwise generally positive results; the stressed and hurting cluster (n = 667, 9.42%) reported sub-clinical depression and possible anxiety symptoms and some self-harm; the distressed and ideating cluster (n = 1116, 15.76%) reported above-cutoff depression and possible anxiety symptoms and high suicide ideation; and the severe cluster (n = 451; 6.37%) reported the least positive mental health across indicators. Female, rainbow, Māori and Pacific students and those in higher deprivation areas were overrepresented in higher severity clusters. Factors including exposure to sexual harm and discrimination were associated with increasing cluster severity. CONCLUSION We identified high prevalence of mental health challenges among adolescents, with distinct clusters of need. Youth mental health is not 'one size fits all'. Future research should explore youth behaviour and preferences in accessing support and consider how to best support the mental health of each cluster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kylie Sutcliffe
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Science, Te Herenga Waka – Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
- School of Health, Faculty of Health, Te Herenga Waka – Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Marc Wilson
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Science, Te Herenga Waka – Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Terryann C Clark
- (Ngāpuhi) School of Nursing, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Sue Crengle
- (Kāi Tahu, Kāti Māmoe, Waitaha) Ngāi Tahu Māori Health Research Unit, Division of Health Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Terry (Theresa) Fleming
- School of Health, Faculty of Health, Te Herenga Waka – Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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16
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Dumke L, Schmidt T, Wittmann J, Neldner S, Weitkämper A, Catani C, Neuner F, Wilker S. Low access and inadequate treatment in mental health care for asylum seekers and refugees in Germany-A prospective follow-up study over 12 months and a nationwide cross-sectional study. Appl Psychol Health Well Being 2024; 16:1141-1158. [PMID: 38193582 DOI: 10.1111/aphw.12523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Refugees experience elevated rates of mental health problems, but little is known about mental health service utilization and quality among asylum seekers and refugees in Europe. In a 12-month follow-up study of newly arrived refugees (N = 166, Mage = 32.38 years, 30.7% female) and a nationwide cross-sectional study (N = 579, Mage = 33.89 years, 36.2% female) of refugees who had been living in Germany for an average of 6 years, we examined objective need for mental health treatment, perceived need, access to treatment services, and adequacy of treatment. We defined minimally adequate mental health treatment according to the WHO World Mental Health Survey as ≥8 sessions of psychotherapy (minimally adequate psychotherapy) or pharmacotherapy plus ≥4 medical visits (minimally adequate pharmacotherapy). In both studies, two in three individuals screened for mental health symptoms and additionally perceived a need for professional treatment. Of those, less than half had contact to any service provider, with only 1 in 14 receiving minimally adequate psychotherapy. Overall, no more than one in seven of refugees in need received minimally adequate treatment. Despite a comprehensive mental health-care system, refugees' access to mental health care and the treatment provided are inadequate. Health policies are urgently needed to provide equitable mental health care for all.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Dumke
- Department of Psychology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Telja Schmidt
- Department of Psychology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Jasmin Wittmann
- Department of Psychology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Sina Neldner
- Department of Psychology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | | | - Claudia Catani
- Department of Psychology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Frank Neuner
- Department of Psychology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Sarah Wilker
- Department of Psychology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
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17
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Mudd MK, Angelotta C. Nutrition Education in Psychiatry Residency Programs: A Call to Action. J Nutr 2024; 154:2431-2436. [PMID: 38825041 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The burden of disease attributable to mental health is expected to rise in the coming decades. Poor nutritional status is considered a modifiable risk factor for general mental health. In fact, nutrition interventions are now accepted as a core strategy in mental healthcare to combat physical health inequalities and life-expectancy gap in people with certain psychiatric disorders. However, most psychiatrists are not familiar with evidence for the potential therapeutic benefits of diet in psychiatric illness, and this may be related to sparse nutrition education for physicians. Thus, there is a need to integrate nutritional management in psychiatric practice, but there is a gap in medical education that would support this practice. Here, we discuss evidence for and challenges in 1) assessing diet quality in psychiatric illness, 2) recommending improvements in diet quality and specific dietary patterns in psychiatric illness, and 3) recommending dietary supplements in psychiatric illness. This discussion serves as a call to develop nutrition curricula within psychiatry residency programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Karolina Mudd
- Department of Psychiatry, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States.
| | - Cara Angelotta
- Department of Psychiatry, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
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18
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Sapkota D, Ogilvie J, Dennison S, Thompson C, Allard T. Prevalence of mental disorders among Australian females: Comparison according to motherhood status using Australian birth cohort data. Arch Womens Ment Health 2024; 27:625-635. [PMID: 38378871 PMCID: PMC11230990 DOI: 10.1007/s00737-024-01444-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Studies examining mental disorders among women have primarily focused on either depression, anxiety, or substance use disorders and not included the broader spectrum of mental disorders. Mixed evidence exists on the prevalence rates of mental disorders among mothers. This study compares the prevalence of different mental disorders and mental comorbidities between mothers and non-mothers and assesses correlates of mental disorders among mothers. METHODS A population-based birth cohort design was adopted, consisting of 40,416 females born in Queensland, Australia, in 1983/84. Linked administrative data from hospital admissions were used to identify mental disorders. Cumulative incidence curves of different mental disorders were created separately for mothers and non-mothers. RESULTS Mental disorder prevalence among females by age 29-31 years was 7.8% (11.0% for mothers and 5.2% for non-mothers). Mothers were overrepresented in almost all categories of mental disorders, with overrepresentation becoming more pronounced with age. Mothers with a mental disorder were more likely to be unmarried, Indigenous, young at birth of first child, have greater disadvantage, and have a single child, compared to mothers without a mental disorder. Nearly half of the mothers (46.9%) had received a mental disorder diagnosis before having their first child. CONCLUSIONS Mothers, particularly unmarried, Indigenous, having greater disadvantage, and younger at birth of first child, represent a unique group with high vulnerability to mental disorders, that begins in childhood and is amplified with age. Presence of significant mental disorder comorbidities among females highlights the critical importance of a comprehensive, integrated approach to prevent and address multiple comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diksha Sapkota
- Griffith Criminology Institute, Griffith University, 176 Messines Ridge Road, Mount Gravatt, Brisbane, QLD, 4122, Australia.
| | - James Ogilvie
- Griffith Criminology Institute, Griffith University, 176 Messines Ridge Road, Mount Gravatt, Brisbane, QLD, 4122, Australia
- School of Criminology and Criminal Justice, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Susan Dennison
- Griffith Criminology Institute, Griffith University, 176 Messines Ridge Road, Mount Gravatt, Brisbane, QLD, 4122, Australia
- School of Criminology and Criminal Justice, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Carleen Thompson
- Griffith Criminology Institute, Griffith University, 176 Messines Ridge Road, Mount Gravatt, Brisbane, QLD, 4122, Australia
- School of Criminology and Criminal Justice, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Troy Allard
- Griffith Criminology Institute, Griffith University, 176 Messines Ridge Road, Mount Gravatt, Brisbane, QLD, 4122, Australia
- School of Criminology and Criminal Justice, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
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19
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van den Broek M, Agondeze S, Greene MC, Kasujja R, Guevara AF, Kisakye Tukahiirwa R, Kohrt BA, Jordans MJD. A community case detection tool to promote help-seeking for mental health care among children and adolescents in Ugandan refugee settlements: a stepped wedge cluster randomised trial. THE LANCET. CHILD & ADOLESCENT HEALTH 2024; 8:571-579. [PMID: 39025558 DOI: 10.1016/s2352-4642(24)00130-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Strategies to promote mental health care help-seeking among children are needed, especially in low-income and middle-income countries and in complex settings. The aim of this trial was to compare a vignette-based, community-level, proactive case detection tool (CCDT) against standard awareness raising for promoting mental health help-seeking among children and adolescents. METHODS This stepped wedge cluster randomised trial was conducted in the Bidi Bidi, Kyaka II, Kyangwali, Omugo, and Rhino refugee settlements in Uganda. Community gatekeepers received a 2-day training session on using the CCDT to proactively detect children with mental health concerns and encourage children (or their caregivers) to use the mental health-care service run by Transcultural Psychosocial Organization Uganda. At baseline, organisations implemented routine detection or mental health awareness-raising activities. At cross-over to CCDT implementation, gatekeepers used the tool in their daily activities. The primary outcome was mental health-care service use by children and adolescents. Child population size estimates at the zone level were not available. Therefore, service use was calculated using total population size. We report the effect of CCDT implementation as an incidence rate ratio (IRR), which we produced from a model that accounts for calendar time, exposure time, and person-time. IRRs were estimated for the analysis of effect over time in the per-protocol and intention-to-treat populations. The trial is registered with the ISRCTN registry, number ISRCTN19056780. FINDINGS 28 administrative zones were selected for trial participation by October, 2021. Between Jan 1, and Nov 8, 2022, seven clusters of four zones sequentially crossed over from routine care to CCDT implementation in 1-month intervals. The CCDT was implemented by 177 trained community gatekeepers. In 9 months, 2385 children visited a mental health-care service; of these, 1118 (47%) were girls and 1267 (53%) were boys (mean age 12·18 years [SD 4.03]). 1998 children made a first or re-entry visit to a service; of these, 937 (47%) were girls and 1061 (53%) were boys (mean age 12·08 years [SD 4·06]). Compared to standard awareness-raising activities, CCDT implementation was associated with an increase in mental health-care service use in the first month after implementation (20·91-fold change [95% CI 12·87-33·99]). Despite a slight decline in service use over time in both the CCDT and pre-CCDT zones, CCDT zones maintained a time-average 16·89-fold increase (95% CI 8·15-34·99) in mental health service use. INTERPRETATION The CCDT enabled community gatekeepers to increase mental health-care service use by children and adolescents. Vignette-based strategies rooted in the community could become a valuable contribution towards reducing the mental health-care gap among children, especially when accompanied by accessible mental health-care services. FUNDING Sint Antonius Stichting Projects. TRANSLATIONS For the Arabic, French and Spanish translations of the abstract see Supplementary Materials section.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myrthe van den Broek
- Research and Development, War Child Alliance, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Amsterdam Institute for Social Science Research, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sandra Agondeze
- Research and Development, War Child Alliance, Kampala, Uganda
| | - M Claire Greene
- Program on Forced Migration and Health, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rosco Kasujja
- Department of Mental Health, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Anthony F Guevara
- Research and Development, War Child Alliance, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Brandon A Kohrt
- Center for Global Mental Health Equity, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Mark J D Jordans
- Research and Development, War Child Alliance, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Amsterdam Institute for Social Science Research, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Center for Global Mental Health, King's College London, London, UK.
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Owens C, Hadley C. The relationship between mental well-being and wealth varies by wealth type, place and sex/gender: Evidence from Namibia. Am J Hum Biol 2024; 36:e24064. [PMID: 38459957 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.24064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024] Open
Abstract
This paper explores the impact of livelihood strategies and place on mental well-being. Identifying different socioeconomic factors that impact mental well-being across contexts is pressing given the global rise in mental health disorders. Numerous studies in the population and social sciences have emphasized the protective role of material wealth on human health and well-being; however, scholars frequently assess wealth as a one-dimensional variable, which may fail to capture diverse forms of wealth. Acknowledging different forms of wealth may be particularly important in settings where agricultural economies coexist with cash economies. Using data from the 2013 Namibia Demographic Health Survey (n = 13 377), we use a newly developed measure of success in agricultural activities, an agricultural wealth index, or AWI, generated by Hackman et al., (2021). To examine the role of different forms of wealth on mental health symptoms. We find mental well-being, assessed through three survey questions, is lower among urban dwellers and females and shows varied associations with wealth type and sex/gender. In general, success in agricultural activities is associated with better mental well-being, while the association with market success is null or and conditional upon sex/gender and place. This study adds to recent work on the value of using multidimensional measures of wealth and raises important questions about why wealth type and sex/gender differentially impact mental well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Owens
- Department of Anthropology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
- Department of Quantitative Theory and Methods, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Craig Hadley
- Department of Quantitative Theory and Methods, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Department of Anthropology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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21
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Agudelo-Hernández F, Rojas-Andrade R, Giraldo Alvarez AB. Building an implementation strategy for community-based rehabilitation for mental health in Colombia. JBI Evid Implement 2024; 22:303-315. [PMID: 38742444 DOI: 10.1097/xeb.0000000000000431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Scientific evidence indicates that the community-based rehabilitation (CBR) model is recommended for recovery from mental disorders. However, this approach encounters barriers and often lacks implementation strategies. AIM The aim of this study was to create a strategy for the implementation of CBR for mental health in Colombia through the identification of barriers and facilitators, together with the expected outcomes, from the perspective of mental health decision-makers in Colombia. METHODS This study adopts a qualitative descriptive approach, using focus group data collection methods and thematic analysis to code and analyze the data. RESULTS A total of 208 individuals participated in the study, including mental health decision-makers and health care professionals. Intersectoral collaboration, contextualization, financial resources, and community commitment and autonomy were identified as barriers and facilitators. The element that was considered a priority for successful implementation was the contextualization of strategies. CONCLUSIONS CBR needs to be strengthened through implementation science if these strategies are to be successfully developed and implemented in various contexts. SPANISH ABSTRACT http://links.lww.com/IJEBH/A210.
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22
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Bloss C, Brown S, Sawrikar V. Does behavioural parent training reduce internalising symptoms (or not) among children with externalising problems? Systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2024; 33:2485-2501. [PMID: 36527525 PMCID: PMC11272747 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-022-02122-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Behaviour parent training (BPT) is known to effectively reduce child externalising problems. However, evidence for BPT to have secondary benefits for reducing internalising symptoms remains unclear. To address this, electronic databases (PsycINFO, MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, and SCOPUS) were systematically searched for studies examining internalising outcomes from BPT among children aged 2-12 years with clinically elevated externalizing problems. Outcomes for internalising problems following BPT were analysed by meta-analysis. Of 9105 studies identified, 24 studies met the eligibility criteria. Results from meta-analysis demonstrated a significant small treatment effect size (g = - 0.41) for reducing internalising symptoms immediately after treatment. Studies showed moderate heterogeneity (I2 = 44%). Moderation analyses indicated that the overall treatment effect was robust against variations in treatment and study design characteristics. However, a review of individual study methods indicate that these results are limited by significant heterogeneity and limitations in clinical assessment. Overall, the results suggest that BPT programmes for reducing externalising problems have the potential to improve internalising outcomes, but that there is limited information to determine the reliability of these effects, highlighting the need for further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christy Bloss
- Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Health in Social Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Sophie Brown
- Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Health in Social Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Vilas Sawrikar
- Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Health in Social Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
- Centre of Applied Developmental Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
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Schneider BC, Veckenstedt R, Karamatskos E, Scheunemann J, Moritz S, Jelinek L, Miegel F. Change in negative mental filter is associated with depression reduction in metacognitive training for depression in older adults (MCT-Silver). Sci Rep 2024; 14:17120. [PMID: 39054326 PMCID: PMC11272923 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-67063-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Identifying components of modularized psychological interventions that contribute to symptom reduction is essential to improving depression treatment. In a secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial (RCT), session-specific effects of Metacognitive Training-Silver, a group intervention for older adults with depression, were investigated. Thirty-eight older adults with major depressive disorder or dysthymia participated in up to eight sessions of MCT-Silver. A clinical assessment of depressive symptoms (Hamilton Depression Rating Scale) as well as additional interviews and questionnaires administered as part of the RCT were completed at pre- and post-intervention. Depressive symptoms, negative (meta)cognitive beliefs, emotion regulation strategies and attitudes toward aging were assessed pre- and post-session. The rate of change in each variable per module, elevation following the module in which the variable was addressed, and the rate of change post module were examined via linear mixed models. Clinician-rated depressive symptoms were significantly reduced from pre- to post-intervention (Cohens d = 1.31). Self-reported depression and negative mental filter measured within sessions improved significantly over treatment, whereas black-and-white thinking improved after module #3 (Should Statements, All or Nothing Thinking and Acceptance). Module-specific within-session effects were found for overgeneralization (module #1: Mental Filter) and rumination (module #6: Rumination and Social Withdrawal). Improvement in mental filter in module #1 was significantly associated with depression reduction. This study provides initial evidence that MCT-Silver partially meets its aims of reducing depression and specific cognitive variables within and across sessions. Improvement of the instrument used to measure change may improve detection of module-specific effects.Trial registration: NCT03691402.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooke C Schneider
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Ruth Veckenstedt
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Evangelos Karamatskos
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jakob Scheunemann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Steffen Moritz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lena Jelinek
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Franziska Miegel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
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Williams LM, Whitfield Gabrieli S. Neuroimaging for precision medicine in psychiatry. Neuropsychopharmacology 2024:10.1038/s41386-024-01917-z. [PMID: 39039140 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-024-01917-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
Although the lifetime burden due to mental disorders is increasing, we lack tools for more precise diagnosing and treating prevalent and disabling disorders such as major depressive disorder. We lack strategies for selecting among available treatments or expediting access to new treatment options. This critical review concentrates on functional neuroimaging as a modality of measurement for precision psychiatry, focusing on major depressive and anxiety disorders. We begin by outlining evidence for the use of functional neuroimaging to stratify the heterogeneity of these disorders, based on underlying circuit dysfunction. We then review the current landscape of how functional neuroimaging-derived circuit predictors can predict treatment outcomes and clinical trajectories in depression and anxiety. Future directions for advancing clinically appliable neuroimaging measures are considered. We conclude by considering the opportunities and challenges of translating neuroimaging measures into practice. As an illustration, we highlight one approach for quantifying brain circuit function at an individual level, which could serve as a model for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leanne M Williams
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
- Sierra-Pacific Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (MIRECC) Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA.
| | - Susan Whitfield Gabrieli
- Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, 805 Columbus Ave, Boston, MA, 02120, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
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25
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Matsumoto K, Hamatani S, Shiga K, Iiboshi K, Kasai M, Kimura Y, Yokota S, Watanabe K, Kubo Y, Nakamura M. Effectiveness of Unguided Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Subthreshold Social Anxiety Disorder in Adolescents and Young Adults: Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Pediatr Parent 2024; 7:e55786. [PMID: 39037759 DOI: 10.2196/55786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social anxiety disorder (SAD) is a common mental disorder in adolescents and young adults. Early intervention and support could help prevent the development of full-blown SAD. Considering that adolescents with social anxiety symptoms do not prefer face-to-face sessions due to their fear of communicating with therapists, internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy (ICBT) was implemented. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of complete self-help ICBT for subthreshold SAD in high school and college students with no history of mental disorders. METHODS A multicenter randomized controlled trial designed to demonstrate the objective was conducted from December 2022 to October 2023. Participants were students enrolled at 6 universities and 1 high school. The intervention was a complete self-help ICBT and consisted of 10 text-based sessions that taught cognitive behavioral therapy techniques for social anxiety in youths and young adults. The comparison was a no-treatment condition (control group), which was randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio by a computer program. A total of 2 psychological scales were used to assess the severity of social anxiety, and 1 psychological scale each was used to measure symptoms of depression, general anxiety, and quality of life. RESULTS In total, 77 students were enrolled as study participants. Through the randomization procedure, 38 participants were included in the intervention group, and 39 patients were included in the control group. Results from the analysis of covariance with depression as covariates showed that the participants in the intervention group had significantly reduced symptoms of social anxiety, depression, and general anxiety compared to the control group. The response rate was 61% (19/31) in the intervention group and 24% (9/38) in the control group: odds ratio (OR) 4.97 (95% CI 1.61-16.53; P=.003) in the Fisher exact test. The recovery rate was 68% (21/31) in the intervention group and 34% (13/38) in the control group: OR 3.95 (95% CI 1.32-12.56; P=.008). The OR for the remission ratio was 2.01 (95% CI 0.64-6.60; P=.20) and for the risk of worsening was 0.23 (95% CI 0.002-1.33; P=.10), but no significant difference was observed. CONCLUSIONS The results of this randomized controlled trial show that fully unguided ICBT improves subthreshold SAD in adolescents and young adults. Interpretation of the effectiveness in preventing SAD that meets the diagnostic criteria is limited by sample size and the follow-up period. Future studies should include more extended observations and larger sample sizes in high-risk populations. TRIAL REGISTRATION UMIN-CTR UMIN000050064; https://center6.umin.ac.jp/cgi-open-bin/ctr/ctr_view.cgi?recptno=R000057035.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Matsumoto
- Division of Clinical Psychology, Kagoshima University Hospital, Research and Education Assembly Medical and Dental Sciences Area, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Sayo Hamatani
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychological Medicine, University of Fukui Hospital, Fukui, Japan
| | - Kiko Shiga
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Human Relations, Shigakukan University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Kiyoko Iiboshi
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Human Relations, Shigakukan University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Makiko Kasai
- Clinical Psychology Course, Naruto University of Education, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kimura
- Department of Welfare Psychology, Faculty of Welfare, Fukushima College, Fukushima, Japan
| | | | | | - Yoko Kubo
- Graduate School of Clinical Psychology, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Masayuki Nakamura
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
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26
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Wang R, Shi M, Zhang Q, Zhang J, Sun L, Jia Y, Zhu Z, Xu T, Zhang Y. The association of early life factors with depression and anxiety in adults aged 40-69 years: a population-based cohort study. Transl Psychiatry 2024; 14:299. [PMID: 39033162 PMCID: PMC11271466 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-024-03006-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
This study was aimed to explore the longitudinal association of five early life factors (breastfeeding, maternal smoking around birth, birth weight, being born in a multiple birth, and adoption) during the in-utero, perinatal, and early childhood development stages with incidence of depression and anxiety in adults aged 40-69 years. We used data from the UK biobank, 5,02,394 participants aged 40-69 years were recruited between 2006 and 2010. Participants provided information on early life exposures through touchscreen questionnaires or verbal interviews at baseline. The primary outcomes, depression, and anxiety, were defined according to the International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision. Hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for each factor were reported. During a median follow-up of 13.6 years, 16,502 (3.55%) participants developed depression, and 15,507 (3.33%) developed anxiety. After adjusting for potential confounders, increased risk of depression was found to be significantly associated with non-breastfeeding (HR, 1.08; 95% CI, 1.04-1.13), maternal smoking around birth (HR, 1.19; 95% CI, 1.14-1.23), being born in multiple births (HR, 1.16; 95% CI, 1.05-1.27), low birth weight (HR, 1.14; 95% CI, 1.07-1.22), and being an adoptee (HR, 1.42; 95% CI, 1.28-1.58). Increased risk of anxiety was associated with non-breastfeeding (HR, 1.09; 95% CI, 1.04-1.13), maternal smoking around birth (HR, 1.11; 95% CI, 1.07-1.16), being born in a multiple births (HR, 1.05; 95% CI, 0.95-1.17), low birth weight (HR, 1.12; 95% CI, 1.05-1.20), and being an adoptee (HR, 1.25; 95% CI, 1.10-1.41). Each of these five early life factors can be considered as early life risk factors for incident depression and anxiety in adulthood independently. The dose-response relationship was also observed, suggesting that with an increase in the number of early life risk factors, the likelihood of experiencing depression and anxiety also increased. These findings highlighted the imperative consideration of early life factors in comprehending the susceptibility to mental health disorders later in life, including non-breastfeeding, maternal smoking around birth, being born in multiple births, low birth weight, and being an adoptee.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruirui Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Mengyao Shi
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Qilu Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Lulu Sun
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yiming Jia
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhengbao Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Tan Xu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yonghong Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
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27
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Lai YJ, Tsai EY, Jarustanaput P, Wu YS, Chen YH, O’Leary SE, Manachevakul S, Zhang Y, Shen J, Wang Y. Optimism and mental health in college students: the mediating role of sleep quality and stress. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1403146. [PMID: 39081373 PMCID: PMC11286569 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1403146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective College students showed a high prevalence of stress, anxiety, and depression, with medical and nursing students experiencing particularly elevated levels of mental health challenges.Optimism significantly influences overall well-being by promoting a healthy lifestyle and cognitive responses. However, the association of optimism with sleep quality, stress, and mental health in college students remains unexplored. This study aimed to (1) explore the associations of optimism with sleep quality, stress, and mental health and (2) ascertain whether sleep quality and stress mediate the association between optimism and mental health among college students. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted using online surveys with students from health science majors at a public university in the northeast United States from September to December 2022. A total of 222 students participated in the study, providing data on sociodemographics, optimism, sleep quality, stress, anxiety, and depression. Parallel and serial mediation models were utilized to examine the potential mediating roles of sleep quality and stress in the association between optimism and mental health. Results The study found that optimism influences anxiety and depression through both direct and indirect pathways. In line with predictions, the parallel mediation analysis revealed that the impact of optimism on anxiety (βtotal = -0.598, 95% confident interval [CI]: -0.778 to -0.392) and depression (βtotal = -0.724, 95% CI: -0.919 to -0.519) was mediated by stress and sleep quality. Furthermore, the serial mediation models revealed that stress and sleep quality co-mediated the relationship betweenoptimism and anxiety (indirect effect [IE] = -0.074, 95% CI: -0.135 to -0.029) or depression (IE = -0.084, 95% CI: -0.142 to -0.036) in a sequential manner. Conclusion Optimism was negatively correlated with poor sleep quality, stress, anxiety, and depression. Enhanced optimism was linked to high sleep quality and less stress, anxiety, and depression. These insights emphasize the potential for school-based optimism interventions to improve sleep quality, ameliorate stress-related concerns, and alleviate mental health challenges in college students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Ju Lai
- School of Nursing, Zuckerberg College of Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, United States
| | - En-Yun Tsai
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ploypapus Jarustanaput
- School of Nursing, Zuckerberg College of Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, United States
| | - Yi-Syuan Wu
- Institute of Statistical Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hau Chen
- Institute of Statistical Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Samantha E. O’Leary
- School of Nursing, Zuckerberg College of Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, United States
| | - Sumatchara Manachevakul
- School of Nursing, Zuckerberg College of Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, United States
| | - Yuan Zhang
- School of Nursing, Zuckerberg College of Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, United States
| | - Jiabin Shen
- Department of Psychology, College of Fine Arts, Humanities & Social Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, United States
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Psychology, College of Fine Arts, Humanities & Social Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, United States
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Mutamba BB, Twikirize G, Ssemalulu J, Babirye R, Semakula L, Cappo D. Diagnostic pattern of mental, neurological and substance use disorders at primary health care facilities in Uganda. Int J Ment Health Syst 2024; 18:26. [PMID: 39010128 PMCID: PMC11247730 DOI: 10.1186/s13033-024-00643-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Integration of diagnosis and treatment for mental, neurological, and substance use (MNS) disorders into primary health care is a recommended strategy to improve access to services in low-and middle-income countries. Despite numerous initiatives for integration of mental health care in Uganda, there has not been an evaluation of health management information system (HMIS) records to determine whether MNS disorders are routinely diagnosed. We sought to determine diagnostic pattern of MNS disorders at primary health facilities in Wakiso and Kampala districts, the most populous regions of Uganda. Lower-level primary health facilities were visited to obtain records from HMIS registers, to document diagnoses of MNS disorders. Secondary data analysis was conducted and descriptive statistics reported. A total of 40 primary health care facilities were visited representing 58.6% of the health facilities in the study districts. More than half (54.8%) and almost all (87.5%) of the lower-level health facilities in Wakiso district and Kampala district respectively were visited. The proportion of MNS disorders diagnosed at lower-level primary health facilities in Uganda is very low with Epilepsy the most common MNS diagnosis recorded. Reasons for such low numbers of diagnoses at primary health facilities are discussed as are possible solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byamah B Mutamba
- YouBelong Uganda, Kampala, Uganda.
- Butabika National Referral Mental Hospital, Kampala, Uganda.
| | - Gad Twikirize
- Butabika National Referral Mental Hospital, Kampala, Uganda
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Bauer A, Knapp M, Alvi M, Chaudhry N, Gregoire A, Malik A, Sikander S, Tayyaba K, Waqas A, Husain N. Economic costs of perinatal depression and anxiety in a lower middle income country: Pakistan. J Affect Disord 2024; 357:60-67. [PMID: 38642903 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.04.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Women's mental health during the perinatal period is a major public health problem in Pakistan. Many challenges and competing priorities prevent progress to address the large treatment gap. Aim To quantify the long-term impacts of untreated perinatal depression and anxiety in economic terms, thus highlighting its overall burden based on country-specific evidence. METHODS Cost estimates were generated for a hypothetical cohort of women giving birth in 2017, and their children. Women and children experiencing adverse events linked to perinatal mental health problems were modelled over 40 years. Costs assigned to adverse events included were those linked to losses in quantity and quality-of-life, productivity, and healthcare-related expenditure. Present values were derived using a discount rate of 3 %. Data were taken from published cohort studies, as well as from sources of population, economic and health indicators. RESULTS The total costs were $16.5 billion for the cohort and $2680 per woman giving birth. The by far largest proportion referred to quality-of-life losses ($15.8 billion). Productivity losses and out-of-pocket expenditure made up only a small proportion of the costs, due to low wages and market prices. When the costs of maternal suicide were included, total costs increased to $16.6 billion. LIMITATIONS Important evidence gaps prevented the inclusion of all cost consequences linked to perinatal mental health problems. CONCLUSIONS Total national costs are much higher compared with those in other, higher middle-income countries, reflecting the excessive disease burden. This study is an important first step to inform resource allocations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette Bauer
- Care Policy and Evaluation Centre, Department of Health Policy, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK.
| | - Martin Knapp
- Care Policy and Evaluation Centre, Department of Health Policy, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK.
| | - Mohsin Alvi
- Pakistan Institute of Living and Learning, Karachi, Pakistan.
| | - Nasim Chaudhry
- Pakistan Institute of Living and Learning, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | - Abid Malik
- Health Services Academy, Islamabad, Pakistan; Human Development Research Foundation, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Siham Sikander
- Human Development Research Foundation, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Kiran Tayyaba
- Pakistan Institute of Living and Learning, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Ahmed Waqas
- Primary Care and Mental Health, Liverpool University, UK.
| | - Nusrat Husain
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, University of Manchester, UK.
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Zhang J, Zhang R, He Q, Zhang K, Xu D, Qi Y, Deng X. Impacts of alcohol consumption on farmers' mental health: Insights from rural China. Heliyon 2024; 10:e33859. [PMID: 39027564 PMCID: PMC11255579 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e33859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The global mental health crisis presents a significant challenge to sustainable development, and this crisis is more pronounced in China's rural areas versus urban areas. Alcohol consumption has increased in rural areas with China's economic growth, but the number of studies on the relationship between farmers' alcohol consumption and their mental health is limited. Based on data from the China Labor Force Dynamics Survey (CLDS), this study uses the endogenous switching regression model (ESR) to analyze the influence of alcohol consumption on farmers' mental health. On this basis, the study further conducts a counterfactual analysis to estimate the average treatment effect of alcohol consumption on farmers' mental health. The results show that: (1) There is a significant positive relationship between alcohol consumption and farmers' mental health. Specifically, the mental health index of drinking farmers increases by 19.7 % compared to non-drinking farmers. (2) Heterogeneity analysis shows that alcohol consumption is more beneficial for improving the mental health of male farmers, elderly farmers, and employed farmers. Furthermore, drinking alcohol almost every day, consuming Baijiu, and each drinking consumption ranging from 0 to 100 mL per occasion are more conducive to improving farmers' mental health. These findings have implications for relieving depressive symptomology and improving farmers' mental health in developing countries. The results of this study also provide guidance for addressing the global mental health crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialan Zhang
- College of Economics, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Ruohan Zhang
- College of Economics, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Qiang He
- College of Economics, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Kuan Zhang
- College of Economics, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Dingde Xu
- College of Management, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yanbin Qi
- College of Economics, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xin Deng
- College of Economics, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
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Yoo EH, Roberts JE. Differential effects of air pollution exposure on mental health: Historical redlining in New York State. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 948:174516. [PMID: 39009165 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
Growing evidence suggests that ambient air pollution has adverse effects on mental health, yet our understanding of its unequal impact remains limited, especially in areas with historical redlining practices. This study investigates whether the impact of daily fluctuations in ambient air pollutant levels on emergency room (ER) visits for mental disorders (MDs) varies across neighborhoods affected by redlining. Furthermore, we explored how demographic characteristics and ambient temperature may modify the effects of air pollution. To assess the disproportional short-term effects of PM2.5, NO2, and O3 on ER visits across redlining neighborhoods, we used a symmetric bidirectional case-crossover design with a conditional logistic regression model. We analyzed data from 2 million ER visits for MDs between 2005 and 2016 across 17 cities in New York State, where redlining policies were historically implemented. A stratified analysis was performed to examine potential effect modification by individuals' demographic characteristics (sex, age, and race/ethnicity) and ambient temperature. We found that both PM2.5 and NO2 were significantly associated with MD-related ER visits primarily in redlined neighborhoods. Per 10μgm-3 increase in daily PM2.5 and per 10 ppb increase in NO2 concentration were associated with 1.04 % (95 % Confidence Interval (CI): 0.57 %, 1.50 %) and 0.44 % (95 % CI: 0.21 %, 0.67 %) increase in MD-related ER visits in redlined neighborhoods, respectively. We also found significantly greater susceptibility among younger persons (below 18 years old) and adults aged 35-64 among residents in grade C or D, but not in A or B. Furthermore, we found that positive and statistically significant associations between increases in air pollutants (PM2.5 and NO2) and MD-related ER visits exist during medium temperatures (4.90 °C to 21.11 °C), but not in low or high temperature. Exposures to both PM2.5 and NO2 were significantly associated with MD-related ER visits, but these adverse effects were disproportionately pronounced in redlined neighborhoods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Hye Yoo
- Department of Geography, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA.
| | - John E Roberts
- Department of Psychology, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
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Zheng M, Kong D, Wu K, Li G, Zhang Y, Chen W, Hall BJ. The determinants of mental health inequalities between Chinese migrants and non-migrants during the Shanghai 2022 lockdown: a Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition. Int J Equity Health 2024; 23:136. [PMID: 38982412 PMCID: PMC11232248 DOI: 10.1186/s12939-024-02223-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mental health inequality between migrants and non-migrants was exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. Identifying key determinants of this inequality is essential in promoting health equity. METHODS This cross-sectional study recruited Shanghai residents by purposive sampling during the city-wide lockdown (from April 29 to June 1, 2022) using an online questionnaire. Migration statuses (non-migrants, permanent migrants, and temporary migrants) were identified by migration experience and by household registration in Shanghai. Mental health symptoms (depression, anxiety, loneliness, and problematic anger) were assessed by self-report scales. The nonlinear Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition was used to quantify mental health inequality (i.e., differences in predicted probabilities between migration groups) and the contribution of expected correlates (i.e., change in predicted probability associated with variation in the correlate divided by the group difference). RESULTS The study included 2738 participants (771 [28.2%] non-migrants; 389 [14.2%] permanent migrants; 1578 [57.6%] temporary migrants). We found inequalities in depression (7.1%) and problematic anger (7.8%) between permanent migrants and non-migrants, and inequalities in anxiety (7.3%) and loneliness (11.3%) between temporary migrants and non-migrants. When comparing permanent migrants and non-migrants, age and social capital explained 12.7% and 17.1% of the inequality in depression, and 13.3% and 21.4% of the inequality in problematic anger. Between temporary migrants and non-migrants, age and social capital also significantly contributed to anxiety inequality (23.0% and 18.2%) and loneliness inequality (26.5% and 16.3%), while monthly household income (20.4%) and loss of monthly household income (34.0%) contributed the most to anxiety inequality. CONCLUSIONS Significant inequalities in depression and problematic anger among permanent migrants and inequalities in anxiety and loneliness among temporary migrants were observed. Strengthening social capital and economic security can aid in public health emergency preparedness and promote mental health equity among migrant populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zheng
- Department of Medical Statistics, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Center for Migrant Health Policy, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Di Kong
- Department of Medical Statistics, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Center for Migrant Health Policy, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kunpeng Wu
- Department of Medical Statistics, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Center for Migrant Health Policy, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gen Li
- Center for Global Healthy Equity, NYU Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Medical Statistics, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Center for Migrant Health Policy, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen Chen
- Department of Medical Statistics, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
- Center for Migrant Health Policy, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
- Center for Global Healthy Equity, NYU Shanghai, Shanghai, China.
| | - Brian J Hall
- Center for Global Healthy Equity, NYU Shanghai, Shanghai, China.
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Ackerman A, Afzal N, Lautarescu A, Wilson CA, Nadkarni A. Non-specialist delivered psycho-social interventions for women with perinatal depression living in rural communities: A systematic review. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 4:e0003031. [PMID: 38976687 PMCID: PMC11230560 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0003031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Evidence from low- and middle-income countries suggests that non-specialist-delivered interventions effectively improve access to perinatal mental health care. However, there have been no systematic attempts to synthesize the evidence on effectiveness, relevance, and application of this strategy to resource-limited settings such as rural areas. The aim of this review is to synthesize the evidence about the effectiveness of non-specialist delivered interventions in improving depression and related outcomes in women with perinatal depression living in rural communities. Seven electronic databases were searched using the following search concepts: perinatal depression (e.g., puerperal depression, antenatal depression), rural areas (e.g., remote, nonmetropolitan, underserved), and non-specialist workers (e.g., lay worker, volunteer aide, informal caretaker. The risk of bias was assessed using RoB-2 and ROBINS-I tools. A narrative synthesis was performed as the high degree of study heterogeneity precluded a meta-analysis. Nine unique studies were eligible for inclusion. Psychoeducation and problem-solving techniques were the most used intervention elements. Two interventions significantly reduced the prevalence of perinatal depression compared to usual care, and three interventions reported effectiveness in reducing depression symptom severity. There was little to no consistent evidence for other outcomes, including but not limited to maternal health care utilization, breastfeeding behaviors, and child health. This review provides limited evidence to suggest that non-specialist delivered interventions effectively improved outcomes among women with perinatal depression living in rural communities. The paucity of high-quality studies included in this review demonstrates that this rural demographic is frequently neglected in the context of maternal mental health research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anouk Ackerman
- Department of Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
- UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Nimrah Afzal
- Department of Psychology, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandra Lautarescu
- Department of Health Service and Population Research, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Claire A Wilson
- Department of Health Service and Population Research, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Abhijit Nadkarni
- Department of Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
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Shen HP, Dong X, Li ZB, Wu JZ, Zheng CM, Hu XJ, Qian C, Wang SP, Zhao YL, Li JC. Protein Profiles and Novel Molecular Biomarkers of Schizophrenia Based on 4D-DIA Proteomics. J Proteome Res 2024; 23:2376-2385. [PMID: 38856018 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.4c00040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a severe psychological disorder. The current diagnosis mainly relies on clinical symptoms and lacks laboratory evidence, which makes it very difficult to make an accurate diagnosis especially at an early stage. Plasma protein profiles of schizophrenia patients were obtained and compared with healthy controls using 4D-DIA proteomics technology. Furthermore, 79 DEPs were identified between schizophrenia and healthy controls. GO functional analysis indicated that DEPs were predominantly associated with responses to toxic substances and platelet aggregation, suggesting the presence of metabolic and immune dysregulation in patients with schizophrenia. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis revealed that DEPs were primarily enriched in the chemokine signaling pathway and cytokine receptor interactions. A diagnostic model was ultimately established, comprising three proteins, namely, PFN1, GAPDH and ACTBL2. This model demonstrated an AUC value of 0.972, indicating its effectiveness in accurately identifying schizophrenia. PFN1, GAPDH and ACTBL2 exhibit potential as biomarkers for the early detection of schizophrenia. The findings of our studies provide novel insights into the laboratory-based diagnosis of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Ping Shen
- Department of Psychiatry, Shaoxing Seventh People's Hospital, Shaoxing 312000, China
| | - Xiaotao Dong
- Major Disease Biomarker Research Laboratory, School of Basic Medical Science, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Zhi-Bin Li
- Major Disease Biomarker Research Laboratory, School of Basic Medical Science, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Jing-Zhu Wu
- Department of Psychiatry, Shaoxing Seventh People's Hospital, Shaoxing 312000, China
| | - Chun-Mei Zheng
- Department of Psychiatry, Shaoxing Seventh People's Hospital, Shaoxing 312000, China
| | - Xie-Jun Hu
- Department of Psychiatry, Shaoxing Seventh People's Hospital, Shaoxing 312000, China
| | - Chao Qian
- Department of Psychiatry, Shaoxing Seventh People's Hospital, Shaoxing 312000, China
| | - Sheng-Pang Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Shaoxing Seventh People's Hospital, Shaoxing 312000, China
| | - Yu-Long Zhao
- Department of Psychiatry, Shaoxing Seventh People's Hospital, Shaoxing 312000, China
| | - Ji-Cheng Li
- Major Disease Biomarker Research Laboratory, School of Basic Medical Science, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
- Institute of Cell Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Michel G, Baenziger J, Brodbeck J, Mader L, Kuehni CE, Roser K. The Brief Symptom Inventory in the Swiss general population: Presentation of norm scores and predictors of psychological distress. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0305192. [PMID: 38959205 PMCID: PMC11221686 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0305192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Psychological distress is an important and frequent health problem. The Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI) allows screening for psychological distress in clinical, general and research populations. We aimed to provide normative data for the BSI and the BSI-18 for the Swiss general population: We 1) present psychometric properties, 2) develop a Swiss T-standardization and validate it using a clinical sample, 3) describe psychological distress in the Swiss general population and the clinical sample, and 4) compare the means and T-standardized scores of the Swiss general population to different German norm populations. Using a cross-sectional study design, we invited a representative sample of the Swiss general population aged 18-75 years to the study. A sample of psychotherapy outpatients had competed the BSI before start of their therapy. We calculated scores for the nine scales of the BSI (three of them constitute the BSI-18), the T-standardization and the following BSI indices: Global Severity Index (GSI), Positive Symptom Total (PST), Positive Symptom Distress Index (PSDI), and Caseness (reaching T≥63 on the GSI or T≥63 on at least two of the scales). A total of 1238 general population participants completed the BSI (41.8% male; mean age 48.9 years). The BSI had good psychometric properties. The Swiss T-standardization showed good validity when applied in the clinical sample. Females reached a significantly higher GSI score than males (p<0.001). Older participants (p = 0.026), those with higher education (p <0.001), and those employed or retired (p<0.001) reached lower scores than participants aged 18-25 years, those with compulsory schooling, and unemployed participants, respectively. A total of 18.1% (CI: 16.0-20.5) participants of the general population and 75.2% (CI: 73.7-76.7) of the psychotherapy patients were considered cases with psychological distress. Our study presents detailed normative data for the BSI and the BSI-18 based on a representative sample of the Swiss general population. This information will be helpful for clinical applications and research in the Swiss and international context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisela Michel
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine,tableniversity of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
| | - Julia Baenziger
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine,tableniversity of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
| | | | - Luzius Mader
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine,tableniversity of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
- Institute for Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Cancer Registry Bern-Solothurn, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Claudia E. Kuehni
- Institute for Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Children’s Hospital Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Katharina Roser
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine,tableniversity of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
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Xie P, Li HQ, Tao L, Yang H. Eliciting psychiatric nurses' preferences for workplace violence prevention: a protocol for discrete choice experiment. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1296525. [PMID: 39022405 PMCID: PMC11251884 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1296525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Workplace violence against healthcare workers has become a serious global public health problem. The incidence of workplace violence towards Psychiatric nurses is higher than in all other medical institutions, up to 84.2% per year. It not only negatively affects many aspects of healthcare workers' lives, but also destroys the harmony of the nurse-patient relationship and reduces the quality of nursing care. The number of psychiatric nurses in China was approximately 96,000, far lower than most other countries and unable to meet the growing demand for mental health. However, the increase in workplace violence has future exacerbates the current shortage of nurses. Therefore, it is necessary to develop effective strategies to prevent psychiatric nurses from suffering from workplace violence, thereby to reduce nurse turnover and improve the quality of nursing care. A comprehensive understanding of psychiatric nurses' preferences and priorities for preventing workplace violence is an important prerequisite before formulating strategies and taking measures. Unfortunately, to date, no research has investigated the psychiatric nurses' preferences. Therefore, a discrete choice experiment (DCE) is conducting to explore the psychiatric nurses' preferences for workplace violence prevention. This article reports on methodological details of the DCE. Methods and analysis Six attributes were developed through a literature review, one-on-one interviews and focus group discussions. D-efficient design in NGENE was used to generate choice sets. SPSS 24.0 will be used for descriptive analysis of social Demography, and Stata 16.0 will be used for analysis of DCE data. A multinomial logit model will be used to preliminarily explore trade-offs between workplace violence prevention characteristics included in the choice tasks. Then, in a mixed logit model, we plan to choose some arbitrarily defined base violence prevention program and will use the nlcom command to evaluate the probability of an alternative violence prevention program. Ethics and dissemination The study was approved by the relevant ethics committees. Our findings will emphasize priority intervention areas based on the preferences of psychiatric nurses and provide references for hospitals to develop and improve workplace violence prevention strategies. The results will be shared through seminars, policy briefs, peer-reviewed journal articles and online blogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Xie
- People's Hospital of Deyang City, Deyang, China
| | - Hui-qin Li
- People's Hospital of Deyang City, Deyang, China
| | - Li Tao
- People's Hospital of Deyang City, Deyang, China
| | - Hao Yang
- West China Hospital, Sichuan University/West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Hauck A, Michael T, Issler TC, Klein S, Lass-Hennemann J, Ferreira de Sá DS. Can glucose facilitate fear exposure? Randomized, placebo-controlled trials on the effects of glucose administration on fear extinction processes. Behav Res Ther 2024; 178:104553. [PMID: 38728832 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2024.104553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Previous studies showed that glucose has beneficial effects on memory function and can enhance contextual fear learning. To derive potential therapeutic interventions, further research is needed regarding the effects of glucose on fear extinction. In two experimental studies with healthy participants (Study 1: N = 68, 39 females; Study 2: N = 89, 67 females), we investigated the effects of glucose on fear extinction learning and its consolidation. Participants completed a differential fear conditioning paradigm consisting of acquisition, extinction, and return of fear tests: reinstatement, and extinction recall. US-expectancy ratings, skin conductance response (SCR), and fear potentiated startle (FPS) were collected. Participants were pseudorandomized and double-blinded to one of two groups: They received either a drink containing glucose or saccharine 20 min before (Study 1) or immediately after extinction (Study 2). The glucose group showed a significantly stronger decrease in differential FPS during extinction (Study 1) and extinction recall (Study 2). Additionally, the glucose group showed a significantly lower contextual anxiety at test of reinstatement (Study 2). Our findings provide first evidence that glucose supports the process of fear extinction, and in particular the consolidation of fear extinction memory, and thus has potential as a beneficial adjuvant to extinction-based treatments. Registered through the German Clinical Trials Registry (https://www.bfarm.de/EN/BfArM/Tasks/German-Clinical-Trials-Register/_node.html; Study 1: DRKS00010550; Study 2: DRKS00018933).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Hauck
- Division of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Department of Psychology, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Tanja Michael
- Division of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Department of Psychology, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Tobias C Issler
- Division of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Department of Psychology, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Steven Klein
- Division of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Department of Psychology, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Johanna Lass-Hennemann
- Division of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Department of Psychology, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Diana S Ferreira de Sá
- Division of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Department of Psychology, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany.
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Lass-Hennemann J, Sopp MR, Ruf N, Equit M, Schäfer SK, Wirth BE, Michael T. Generation climate crisis, COVID-19, and Russia-Ukraine-War: global crises and mental health in adolescents. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2024; 33:2203-2216. [PMID: 37814081 PMCID: PMC11255088 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-023-02300-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Climate change, COVID-19, and the Russia-Ukraine War are some of the great challenges of our time. These global crises affect young people in a particularly vulnerable phase of their lives. The current study aimed to assess the impact of these crises on mental health (depression, anxiety, and health-related quality of life) in secondary school students in Germany. Furthermore, we assessed known predictors of mental health, such as socio-economic factors, individual life stressors, and resilience factors (self-efficacy, expressive flexibility) as covariates. In our sample of 3998 pupils, pandemic- and climate-related distress were linked to greater depression and anxiety and reduced health-related quality of life. War-related distress was associated with greater anxiety. Critically, these associations remained significant after controlling for all covariates, supporting the incremental predictive value of the crises measures. The study reveals a significant impact of the crises on the mental health of the current generation of adolescents. As such it suggests that mental health policies should include interventions that help youth to cope with the stress caused by the crises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Lass-Hennemann
- Division of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - M Roxanne Sopp
- Division of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Norma Ruf
- Division of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Monika Equit
- Division of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Sarah K Schäfer
- Division of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
- Leibniz Institute for Resilience Research, Mainz, Germany
| | - Benedikt E Wirth
- Department of Cognitive Assistants, German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence (DFKI), Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Tanja Michael
- Division of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany.
- Division of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Department of Psychology, Saarland University, Campus A1 3, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany.
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Al-Qerem W, Jarab A, Khdour M, Eberhardt J, Alasmari F, Hammad A, Zumot R, Khalil S. Assessing mental health literacy in Jordan: a factor analysis and Rasch analysis study. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1396255. [PMID: 39011325 PMCID: PMC11248750 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1396255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Mental health literacy (MHL) research in Jordan is sparse and validated MHL measures are lacking. The present study validated a Jordanian version of the Mental Health Literacy Scale (MHLS) and examined Jordanian individuals' MHL. Method A Google Forms survey was designed, and the link was shared through various Jordanian social media platforms. Factor analysis and Rasch analysis were performed to validate the Jordanian version of the MHLS. Binary logistic regression was performed to assess variables associated with MHL. Results The Jordanian MHLS was administered to 974 participants (74.4% females; median age 27 years). The mean MHL score of the participants was 71.1% indicating average literacy levels. The factor analysis indicated that 27 items distributed across four factors had the best model fit. The Rasch analysis confirmed item separation reliability and person reliability. The regression showed a correlation between educational attainment, income, marital status and MHL level. These findings emphasize the role of educational attainment in MHL, pointing to the necessity of integrating mental health education into formal curricula to enhance MHL across all societal levels. Stigma and limited-service availability act as barriers to mental health service and access, which compound the challenge of improving MHL. Targeted educational interventions and policy reforms may help improve MHL, thereby contributing to improving mental health outcomes in Jordan and potentially other similar settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walid Al-Qerem
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Anan Jarab
- College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Maher Khdour
- College of Pharmacy, Al-Quds University, Abu Dis, Palestine
| | - Judith Eberhardt
- School of Social Sciences, Humanities and Law, Department of Psychology, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, United Kingdom
| | - Fawaz Alasmari
- College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alaa Hammad
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Ruba Zumot
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Sarah Khalil
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
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Cosgrove L, Brhlikova P, Lyus R, Herrawi F, D'Ambrozio G, Abi-Jaoude E, Pollock AM. Global Burden Disease Estimates for Major Depressive Disorders (MDD): A review of diagnostic instruments used in studies of prevalence. Community Ment Health J 2024:10.1007/s10597-024-01302-6. [PMID: 38951416 DOI: 10.1007/s10597-024-01302-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
Global Burden of Disease (GBD) estimates have significant policy implications nationally and internationally. Disease burden metrics, particularly for depression, have played a critical role in raising governmental awareness of mental health and in calculating the economic cost of depression. Recently, the World Health Organization ranked depression as the single largest contributor to global disability. The main aim of this paper was to assess the basis upon which GBD prevalence estimates for major depressive disorder (MDD) were made. We identify the instruments used in the 2019 GBD estimates and provide a descriptive assessment of the five most frequently used instruments. The majority of country studies, 356/566 (62.9%), used general mental health screeners or structured/semi-structured interview guides, 98/566 (17.3%) of the studies used dedicated depression screeners, and 112 (19.8%) used other tools for assessing depression. Thus, most of the studies used instruments that were not designed to make a diagnosis of depression or assess depression severity. Our results are congruent with and extend previous research that has identified critical flaws in the data underpinning the GBD estimates for MDD. Despite the widespread promotion of these prevalence estimates, caution is needed before using them to inform public policy and mental health interventions. This is particularly important in lower-income countries where resources are scarce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Cosgrove
- Centre for Mental Health, Human Rights, and Social Justice, University of Essex, Colchester, UK.
- Counseling Psychology Department, Applied Ethics Center, University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 William T Morrissey Blvd, Boston, MA, 02125, USA.
| | - Petra Brhlikova
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Baddiley-Clark Bldg, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE2 4AX, UK
| | - Rosanna Lyus
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Baddiley-Clark Bldg, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE2 4AX, UK
| | - Farahdeba Herrawi
- Counseling Psychology Department, Applied Ethics Center, University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 William T Morrissey Blvd, Boston, MA, 02125, USA
| | - Gianna D'Ambrozio
- Counseling Psychology Department, Applied Ethics Center, University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 William T Morrissey Blvd, Boston, MA, 02125, USA
| | - Elia Abi-Jaoude
- The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Allyson M Pollock
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Baddiley-Clark Bldg, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE2 4AX, UK
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Freeman JA, Farrar JC, Placencio-Castro M, Desrosiers A, Brennan RT, Hansen NB, Akinsulure-Smith AM, Su S, Bangura J, Betancourt TS. Integrating Youth Readiness Intervention and Entrepreneurship in Sierra Leone: A Hybrid Type II Cluster Randomized Trial. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2024; 63:708-719. [PMID: 38143022 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2023.09.552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Conflict-affected youth are at risk for poor psychological and social outcomes, yet few receive mental health services. Strategies to expand access and sustain evidence-based interventions (EBIs) across novel delivery platforms must be tested. The present study was a hybrid type II implementation-effectiveness trial using a cluster randomized design. The primary goal was to evaluate feasibility and impact of using the collaborative team approach to deliver the Youth Readiness Intervention (YRI), an EBI, integrated into a youth entrepreneurship program (ENTR) with quality control in post-conflict Sierra Leone. METHOD Youth were screened and randomly assigned to control, ENTR, or combined YRI and ENTR (YRI+ENTR). Implementation outcomes were dissemination and implementation indicators, competence, and fidelity. Effectiveness outcomes were emotion regulation, psychological distress, and interpersonal functioning. Secondary outcomes were third-party reporter assessments of youth functioning and behavior. RESULTS Data were collected and analyzed from 1,151 youth participants and 528 third-party reporters. Scores on implementation constructs, competence, and fidelity demonstrated acceptable intervention response and quality. YRI+ENTR participants showed overall improvements in depression (β = -.081, 95% CI -0.124 to -0.038, d = -0.154) and anxiety (β = -.043, 95% CI -0.091 to -0.005, d = 0.082) symptoms compared with control participants. Community leaders indicated that YRI+ENTR participants demonstrated improvements in overall work or training performance compared with control participants (β = -.114, 95% CI 0.004 to 0.232, d = 0.374). CONCLUSION Integration of EBIs such as the YRI into youth employment programs has the potential to address limited reach of EBIs in conflict and post-conflict settings. A collaborative team implementation approach can facilitate integration and fidelity. PLAIN LANGUAGE SUMMARY In a Hybrid Type-II Implementation-Effectiveness trial conducted in Sierra Leone, researchers tested a Collaborative Team Approach (CTA) for delivering an evidence-based mental health intervention, the Youth Readiness Intervention (YRI), within a youth entrepreneurship program. A total of 1,151 youth participated in the study, with outcomes measured on youth mental health indicators of emotional regulation, psychological distress, and interpersonal functioning, as well as implementation indicators, competence, and fidelity. Results demonstrated that the integrated YRI and entrepreneurship program led to significant improvements in depression and anxiety symptoms compared to the control group. Community leaders also noted enhanced overall performance in YRI participants, suggesting that integrating evidence-based interventions into youth employment programs can effectively address mental health challenges in low-resource regions. DIVERSITY & INCLUSION STATEMENT We worked to ensure sex and gender balance in the recruitment of human participants. We worked to ensure that the study questionnaires were prepared in an inclusive way. We worked to ensure race, ethnic, and/or other types of diversity in the recruitment of human participants. One or more of the authors of this paper self-identifies as a member of one or more historically underrepresented racial and/or ethnic groups in science. One or more of the authors of this paper self-identifies as a member of one or more historically underrepresented sexual and/or gender groups in science. We actively worked to promote sex and gender balance in our author group. We actively worked to promote inclusion of historically underrepresented racial and/or ethnic groups in science in our author group. The author list of this paper includes contributors from the location and/or community where the research was conducted who participated in the data collection, design, analysis, and/or interpretation of the work. One or more of the authors of this paper received support from a program designed to increase minority representation in science. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION INFORMATION Youth FORWARD Phase 2 YRI and EPP Study; https://clinicaltrials.gov/; NCT03542500. STUDY PREREGISTRATION INFORMATION Youth Functioning and Organizational Success for West African Regional Development (Youth FORWARD): Study Protocol; https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ps.202000009.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Robert T Brennan
- National Initiative on Gender, Culture and Leadership in Medicine: C - Change, Women's Study Research Center, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts
| | | | | | - Shaobing Su
- Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts
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Ali R, Brown FL, Stevenson K, Jordans M, Taha K, Amine ME, Steen F, Meksassi B, Elias J, Aoun M, Roberts B, Sijbrandij M, Cuijpers P, Akhtar A, Malik A, Woodward A, Fuhr DC. Implementing a Non-Specialist Delivered Psychological Intervention for Young Adolescents in a Protracted Refugee Setting: a Qualitative Process Evaluation in Lebanon. J Behav Health Serv Res 2024; 51:377-394. [PMID: 38087061 PMCID: PMC11180626 DOI: 10.1007/s11414-023-09870-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
There has been an increase in the evaluation and implementation of non-specialist delivered psychological interventions to address unmet mental health needs in humanitarian emergencies. While randomized controlled trials (RCTs) provide important evidence about intervention impact, complementary qualitative process evaluations are essential to understand key implementation processes and inform future scaling up of the intervention. This study was conducted as part of an RCT of the Early Adolescents Skills for Emotions (EASE) psychological intervention for young adolescents with elevated psychological distress (predominantly with a Syrian refugee background) in Lebanon. Our aims were firstly to conduct a qualitative process evaluation to understand stakeholder experiences and perceived impact of the intervention and identify barriers and facilitators for implementation, and secondly to explore considerations for scaling up. Eleven key informant interviews and seven focus groups were conducted with 39 respondents including adolescent and caregiver participants, trainers, providers, outreach workers, and local stakeholders. Data were analyzed using inductive and deductive thematic analysis. Respondents perceived the intervention to be highly needed and reported improvements in adolescent mental health and wellbeing. Key implementation factors that have potential to influence engagement, adherence, and perceived impact included the socio-economic situation of families, mental health stigma, coordination within and between sectors (particularly for scaling up), embedding the intervention within existing service pathways, having clear quality and accountability processes including training and supervision for non-specialists, and sustainable funding. Our findings provide important context for understanding effectiveness outcomes of the RCT and highlights factors that need to be considered when implementing a mental health intervention on a larger scale in a complex crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rayane Ali
- Research and Development Department, War Child, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- War Child Lebanon, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Felicity L Brown
- Research and Development Department, War Child, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute of Social Science Research, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kerrie Stevenson
- Department of Health Services Research and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, UK
| | - Mark Jordans
- Research and Development Department, War Child, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute of Social Science Research, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Karine Taha
- Research and Development Department, War Child, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- War Child Lebanon, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Mounif El Amine
- Research and Development Department, War Child, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- War Child Lebanon, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Frederik Steen
- Research and Development Department, War Child, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bassel Meksassi
- Research and Development Department, War Child, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- War Child Lebanon, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Joseph Elias
- Research and Development Department, War Child, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- War Child Lebanon, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - May Aoun
- Research and Development Department, War Child, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- War Child Lebanon, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Bayard Roberts
- Department of Health Services Research and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Marit Sijbrandij
- Clinical, Neuro and Developmental Psychology, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pim Cuijpers
- Clinical, Neuro and Developmental Psychology, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Aemal Akhtar
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Insurance Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Aiysha Malik
- Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Aniek Woodward
- KIT Royal Tropical Institute, KIT Health, Mauritskade 64, 1092 AD, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Athena Institute, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Daniela C Fuhr
- Leibniz Institute of Prevention Research and Epidemiology, Bremen, Germany.
- Health Sciences, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany.
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Mousa AH, Chaurasia B. Letter: Firearm-Related Traumatic Brain Injuries in Adults: A Scoping Review. Neurosurgery 2024; 95:e29-e30. [PMID: 38661352 DOI: 10.1227/neu.0000000000002968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Hafez Mousa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate Medical Education, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai Health, Dubai , UAE
- Department of Neurosurgery, Rashid Hospital, Dubai Health, Dubai , UAE
| | - Bipin Chaurasia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurosurgery Clinic, Birgunj , Nepal
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Velloza J, Ndimande‐Khoza N, Mills L, Concepcion T, Gumede S, Chauke H, Verhey R, Chibanda D, Hosek S, Weiner BJ, Celum C, Delany‐Moretlwe S. Integrating a mental health intervention into PrEP services for South African young women: a human-centred implementation research approach to intervention development. J Int AIDS Soc 2024; 27 Suppl 1:e26274. [PMID: 38965973 PMCID: PMC11224591 DOI: 10.1002/jia2.26274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) who may benefit from HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) face high levels of common mental disorders (e.g. depression, anxiety). Common mental disorders can reduce PrEP adherence and increase HIV risk, yet mental health interventions have not been well-integrated into PrEP delivery. METHODS We conducted a four-phase human-centred design process, from December 2020 to April 2022, to understand mental health challenges among AGYW in Johannesburg, South Africa and barriers to integrated mental health and PrEP services. In the "Discover" phase, we conducted in-depth interviews with AGYW and key informants (KIs) in Johannesburg. We conducted a rapid qualitative analysis, informed by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR), to identify facilitators and barriers of integrated mental health and PrEP services and mapped barriers to potential implementation strategies. In the "Design" and "Build" phases, we conducted stakeholder workshops to iteratively adapt an evidence-based mental health intervention, the Friendship Bench, and refine implementation strategies for South African PrEP delivery settings. In the "Test" phase, we piloted our adapted Friendship Bench package. RESULTS Interviews with 70 Discover phase participants (48 AGYW, 22 KIs) revealed the importance of integrated mental health and PrEP services for South African AGYW. Interviewees described barriers and implementation strategies for mental health and PrEP services around the CFIR domains: intervention characteristics (e.g. challenges with AGYW "opening up"); outer Johannesburg setting (e.g. community stigma); inner clinic setting (e.g. judgemental healthcare providers); characteristics of counsellors (e.g. training gaps); and the implementation process (e.g. need for demand creation). The Design and Build workshops included 13 AGYW and 15 KIs. Implementation barriers related to the quality and accessibility of public-sector clinic services, lay counsellor training, and community education and demand creation activities were prioritized. This led to 12 key Friendship Bench adaptations and the specification of 10 implementation strategies that were acceptable and feasible in initial pilot testing with three AGYW. CONCLUSIONS Using a human-centred approach, we identified determinants and potential solutions for integrating mental health interventions within PrEP services for South African AGYW. This design process centred stakeholders' perspectives, enabling rapid development of an adapted Friendship Bench intervention implementation package.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Velloza
- Department of Epidemiology & BiostatisticsUniversity of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | | | - Lisa Mills
- Wits RHIUniversity of the WitwatersrandJohannesburgSouth Africa
| | - Tessa Concepcion
- Department of Global HealthUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - Sanele Gumede
- Wits RHIUniversity of the WitwatersrandJohannesburgSouth Africa
| | - Hlukelo Chauke
- Wits RHIUniversity of the WitwatersrandJohannesburgSouth Africa
| | | | | | - Sybil Hosek
- Department of MedicineUniversity of Illinois ChicagoChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Bryan J. Weiner
- Department of Global HealthUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - Connie Celum
- Department of Global HealthUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
- Department of MedicineUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
- Department of EpidemiologyUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
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El Masri R, Chaar S, Elias J, Meksassi B, Ali R, Roberts B, Brown FL, Asmar MK, McKee M, El Chammay R, Singh NS. Barriers, facilitators and proposed solutions to equitable mental health financing and service delivery for the Lebanese populations and displaced Syrians in Lebanon: Findings from a qualitative study. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 4:e0003318. [PMID: 38941293 PMCID: PMC11213328 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0003318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
Forcibly displaced populations experience an increased burden of mental illness. Scaling up mental health (MH) services places new resource demands on health systems in crises-affected settings and raises questions about how to provide equitable MH services for refugee and host populations. Our study investigates barriers, facilitators, and proposed solutions to MH financing and access for Lebanese populations and Syrian refugees in Lebanon, a protracted crisis setting. We collected qualitative data via 73 interviews and 3 focus group discussions. Participants were purposively selected from: (i) national, United Nations and NGO stakeholders; (ii) frontline MH service providers; (iii) insurance company representatives; (iv) Lebanese and Syrian adults and parents of children aged 12-17 years using MH services. Data were analysed using inductive and deductive approaches. Our results highlight challenges facing Lebanon's system of financing MH care in the face of ongoing multiple crises, including inequitable coverage, dependence on external humanitarian funds, and risks associated with short-term funding and their impact on sustainability of services. The built environment presents additional challenges to individuals trying to navigate, access and use existing MH services, and the social environment and service provider factors enable or hinder individuals accessing MH care. Registered Syrian refugees have better financial coverage to secondary MH care than Lebanese populations. However, given the economic crisis, both populations are facing similar challenges in paying for and accessing MH care at primary health care (PHC) level. Multiple crises in Lebanon have exacerbated challenges in financing MH care, dependence on external humanitarian funds, and risks and sustainability issues associated with short-term funding. Urgent reforms are needed to Lebanon's health financing system, working with government and external donors to equitably and efficiently finance and scale up MH care with a focus on PHC, and to reduce inequities in MH service coverage between Lebanese and Syrian refugee populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rozane El Masri
- Research and Development Department, War Child Holland, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Sandy Chaar
- Research and Development Department, War Child Holland, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Joseph Elias
- Research and Development Department, War Child Holland, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Bassel Meksassi
- Research and Development Department, War Child Holland, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Rayane Ali
- Research and Development Department, War Child Holland, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Bayard Roberts
- Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Felicity L. Brown
- Research and Development Department, War Child Holland, Beirut, Lebanon
| | | | - Martin McKee
- Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rabih El Chammay
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
- National Mental Health Programme, Ministry of Public Health, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Neha S. Singh
- Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
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Vélez-Botero H, Agudelo-Hernández F, Moreno-Mayorga B, Plata-Casas LI. Psychometric characteristics of a questionnaire to assess perceived disability in people with epilepsy. Epilepsy Behav 2024; 158:109915. [PMID: 38941952 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2024.109915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
It has been determined that quality of life in epilepsy is closely related to the perceived disability experienced by individuals with the diagnosis. However, this measure is seldom considered in healthcare processes. The objective of the present study is to establish the psychometric properties of the Perceived Disability Questionnaire in individuals diagnosed with epilepsy within a Latin American context. A cross-sectional, analytical study was conducted involving 325 participants, aged 12 years and older (M 40.42 years), individuals diagnosed with epilepsy in Colombia. The main psychometric properties of the instrument were explored to account for its factorial validity and reliability. The Perceived Disability Questionnaire exhibits high reliability (α = 0.878) and the three subscales comprising the final version of the questionnaire (Dissatisfaction, Pessimism, and Self-Disdain) explain 45.393 % of the total variance in relation to beliefs of disability associated with the diagnosis of epilepsy; the questionnaire significantly correlates with the Quality of Life in Epilepsy Inventory (QOLIE-10). Adequate psychometric properties of the instrument are found, which allows for its proposal as a tool in epilepsy care processes within the Colombian context.
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Magorokosho NK, Heraclides A, Papaleontiou-Louca E, Prodromou M. Evaluation of Resilience and Mental Health in the "Post-Pandemic Era" among University Students: Protocol for a Mixed-Methods Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 21:825. [PMID: 39063402 PMCID: PMC11276453 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21070825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mental well-being of university students has been a growing concern in Public Health and has been exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. The pandemic (including the post-pandemic era) introduced and exacerbated a variety of potential stressors for vulnerable individuals and communities, resulting in an increase in mental health issues among university students. Resilience, as a process, is the ability of a system to adapt and grow in the face of adversity. This is a crucial aspect to consider when examining the coping of university students in critical situations such as COVID-19. OBJECTIVE This study aims to assess the association between resilience and mental health outcomes among university students in Cyprus during the post-COVID-19 pandemic era. METHODS A parallel embedded mixed methods research design will be utilized to assess resilience, measured by the Conner-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), the COVID-19 Impact Scale (CIS) and mental health outcomes measured by the Symptom Checklist 90-Revised (SCL 90-R), during the COVID-19 post-pandemic era (January 2022-July 2024) among university students in the Republic of Cyprus. The study will be conducted in two stages: a pilot study followed by the main study. Quantitative data will be collected through a web-based survey, while qualitative data will be obtained through in-person focus groups designed to capture participants' experiences. Participants will be recruited using a proportional quota sampling approach to achieve representativeness based on predefined demographics. The study protocol has been approved by the Cyprus Bioethics Committee (approval no: EEC/EP/2023/31). DISCUSSION This study is expected to broaden our understanding of the intricate interactions between the COVID-19 pandemic's impact, resilience, and mental health outcomes. The focus on university students' psychological wellbeing is consistent with the call by the WHO to focus on mental health (World Health Organization, 2019).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Eleonora Papaleontiou-Louca
- School of Humanities, Social & Education Sciences (Psychology), European University Cyprus, Nicosia 2404, Cyprus;
| | - Maria Prodromou
- School of Sciences, European University Cyprus, Nicosia 2404, Cyprus
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Olowoyo JO, Okoya AA, Adesiyan IM, Awe YT, Lion GN, Agboola OO, Oladeji OM. Environmental health science research: opportunities and challenges for some developing countries in Africa. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2024:1-25. [PMID: 38909292 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2024.2370388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
Due to ongoing developmental projects, there is a need for regular monitoring of the impact of pollutants on the environment. This review documented the challenges and opportunities in the field of environmental health sciences in some African countries. A systematic review was used to investigate opportunities and challenges in the field of environmental health science in Africa by examining published work with a specific focus on Africa. The reports showed that funding and infrastructure as the major problems. The study also highlighted recruiting study participants, retention, and compensation as a bane in the field in Africa. The absence of modern equipment also hinders research. The review, however, noted research collaboration from the region including studies on emerging pollutants such as pharmaceuticals, per and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), and microplastic (MPs) as great opportunities. The study concluded that collaboration with other continents, exchange programs and improved governmental interventions may help.
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Affiliation(s)
- J O Olowoyo
- Department of Health Sciences and The Water School, Florida Gulf Coast University, Fort Myers, FL, USA
- Department of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences, South Africa
| | - A A Okoya
- Institute of Ecology and Environmental Studies, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - I M Adesiyan
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Medical Sciences, Ondo, Ondo State, Nigeria
| | - Y T Awe
- Environmental Management Program, Pan African University of Life and Earth Sciences, University of Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - G N Lion
- Department of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences, South Africa
| | - O O Agboola
- Department of Botany, University Lokoja, Kogi State, Nigeria
- Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Health Sciences Otukpo, Benue State, Nigeria
| | - O M Oladeji
- Department of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences, South Africa
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Sheikh A, Jacob J, Vostanis P, Ruby F, Spuerck I, Stankovic M, Morgan N, Mota CP, Ferreira R, Eruyar Ş, Yılmaz EA, Fatima SZ, Edbrooke-Childs J. What Should Personalised Mental Health Support Involve? Views of Young People with Lived Experience and Professionals from Eight Countries. ADMINISTRATION AND POLICY IN MENTAL HEALTH AND MENTAL HEALTH SERVICES RESEARCH 2024:10.1007/s10488-024-01382-2. [PMID: 38907740 DOI: 10.1007/s10488-024-01382-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
Research demonstrates that young people value mental health support that is tailored to their needs and preferences, rather than a "one size fits all" offer, which is often not equitably accessible (National Children's Bureau, 2021). Understanding young people's lived experiences across different sociocultural contexts is important. The aim of this research was to conduct an international qualitative study on the views of young people with lived experience and professionals, on proposed aspects of personalised support for anxiety and/or depression. Participatory action focus groups were conducted with N = 120 young people with lived experience of anxiety and/or depression (14-24 years) and with N = 63 professionals in Brazil, India, Kenya, Pakistan, Portugal, South Africa, Turkey, and the United Kingdom. Data were analysed using the rigorous and accelerated data reduction (RADaR) technique. Overall, although some country-specific differences were found in terms of what aspects of support young people found to be most important, individual preferences were considered stronger, furthering the view that support should be personalised to the needs of the individual young person. Young people experiencing anxiety and/or depression should be able to choose for themselves which aspects of support they would prefer in their own care and support plans, with families and mental health professionals providing guidance where appropriate, rather than removing the young person from the decision-making process altogether. It should also be ensured that the aspects of personalised support can be understood by young people and professionals from different contexts, including marginalised and minoritised groups and communities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jenna Jacob
- Anna Freud, 4-8 Rodney Street, London, N1 9JH, UK.
- Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Panos Vostanis
- School of Media, Communication and Sociology, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester, UK
| | | | - Inga Spuerck
- Euro Youth Mental Health, The Carling Building, Coopers Yard, Off, Market Pl, Hitchin, SG5 1AR, UK
| | - Milos Stankovic
- Euro Youth Mental Health, The Carling Building, Coopers Yard, Off, Market Pl, Hitchin, SG5 1AR, UK
| | - Nicholas Morgan
- Euro Youth Mental Health, The Carling Building, Coopers Yard, Off, Market Pl, Hitchin, SG5 1AR, UK
| | - Catarina Pinheiro Mota
- University of Trás-Os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
- Center for Psychology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rúben Ferreira
- University of Trás-Os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Şeyda Eruyar
- Department of Psychology, Necmettin Erbakan University, Köyceğiz, Meram, Konya, 42140, Turkey
| | - Elmas Aybike Yılmaz
- Department of Psychology, Necmettin Erbakan University, Köyceğiz, Meram, Konya, 42140, Turkey
| | - Syeda Zeenat Fatima
- Hussaini Foundation-Child and Adolescent Development Program, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Julian Edbrooke-Childs
- Anna Freud, 4-8 Rodney Street, London, N1 9JH, UK
- Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK
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Molodynski A. Looking after people with mental health and/or substance misuse problems in emergency departments is not easy. Evid Based Nurs 2024; 27:93. [PMID: 37963708 DOI: 10.1136/ebnurs-2023-103730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
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