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Feng X, Sun Y, Fan Y, Zhang Q, Bu X, Gao D. Integrated physiological, transcriptomics and metabolomics analysis revealed the molecular mechanism of Bupleurum chinense seedlings to drought stress. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0304503. [PMID: 38843246 PMCID: PMC11156411 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0304503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Drought stress is a prominent abiotic factor that adversely influences the growth and development of Bupleurum chinense during its seedling stage, negatively impacting biomass and secondary metabolite production, thus affecting yield and quality. To investigate the molecular mechanism underlying the response of B. chinense seedlings under drought stress, this study employed comprehensive physiological, transcriptomic, and metabolomic analyses. The results revealed that under drought stress, the root soluble sugar and free proline content in B. chinense seedlings significantly increased, while the activities of SOD, POD, and CAT increased in the leaves. These findings indicate the presence of distinct response mechanisms in B. chinense to cope with drought stress. Integrated analysis further identified significant correlations between genes and metabolites related to amino acid biosynthesis in the leaves, as well as genes and metabolites associated with acetaldehyde and dicarboxylic acid metabolism. In the roots, genes and metabolites related to plant hormone signaling and the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle showed significant correlations. These findings provide vital views into the molecular-level response mechanisms of B. chinense under drought stress. Moreover, this study establishes the groundwork for identifying drought-tolerant genes and breeding drought-resistant varieties, which could improve the drought tolerance of medicinal plants and have broader implications for agriculture and crop production in water-scarce areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohan Feng
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), Jinan, China
| | - Yan Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), Jinan, China
| | - Ya Fan
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), Jinan, China
| | - Quanfang Zhang
- Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Xun Bu
- Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Demin Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), Jinan, China
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2
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Regolo L, Giampieri F, Battino M, Armas Diaz Y, Mezzetti B, Elexpuru-Zabaleta M, Mazas C, Tutusaus K, Mazzoni L. From by-products to new application opportunities: the enhancement of the leaves deriving from the fruit plants for new potential healthy products. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1083759. [PMID: 38895662 PMCID: PMC11184148 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1083759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
In the last decades, the world population and demand for any kind of product have grown exponentially. The rhythm of production to satisfy the request of the population has become unsustainable and the concept of the linear economy, introduced after the Industrial Revolution, has been replaced by a new economic approach, the circular economy. In this new economic model, the concept of "the end of life" is substituted by the concept of restoration, providing a new life to many industrial wastes. Leaves are a by-product of several agricultural cultivations. In recent years, the scientific interest regarding leaf biochemical composition grew, recording that plant leaves may be considered an alternative source of bioactive substances. Plant leaves' main bioactive compounds are similar to those in fruits, i.e., phenolic acids and esters, flavonols, anthocyanins, and procyanidins. Bioactive compounds can positively influence human health; in fact, it is no coincidence that the leaves were used by our ancestors as a natural remedy for various pathological conditions. Therefore, leaves can be exploited to manufacture many products in food (e.g., being incorporated in food formulations as natural antioxidants, or used to create edible coatings or films for food packaging), cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries (e.g., promising ingredients in anti-aging cosmetics such as oils, serums, dermatological creams, bath gels, and other products). This review focuses on the leaves' main bioactive compounds and their beneficial health effects, indicating their applications until today to enhance them as a harvesting by-product and highlight their possible reuse for new potential healthy products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Regolo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari ed Ambientali – Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Francesca Giampieri
- Research Group on Foods, Nutritional Biochemistry and Health, Universidad Europea del Atlántico, Santander, Spain
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Maurizio Battino
- Research Group on Foods, Nutritional Biochemistry and Health, Universidad Europea del Atlántico, Santander, Spain
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Intelligent Agriculture and Agri-Product Processing, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yasmany Armas Diaz
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Bruno Mezzetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari ed Ambientali – Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
- Research Group on Foods, Nutritional Biochemistry and Health, Universidad Europea del Atlántico, Santander, Spain
| | - Maria Elexpuru-Zabaleta
- Research Group on Foods, Nutritional Biochemistry and Health, Universidad Europea del Atlántico, Santander, Spain
| | - Cristina Mazas
- Research Group on Foods, Nutritional Biochemistry and Health, Universidad Europea del Atlántico, Santander, Spain
- Universidad Internacional Iberoamericana, Campeche, Mexico
| | - Kilian Tutusaus
- Research Group on Foods, Nutritional Biochemistry and Health, Universidad Europea del Atlántico, Santander, Spain
- Research Center for Foods, Nutritional Biochemistry and Health, Universidade Internacional do Cuanza, Cuito, Angola
| | - Luca Mazzoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari ed Ambientali – Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
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3
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Hilal B, Khan MM, Fariduddin Q. Recent advancements in deciphering the therapeutic properties of plant secondary metabolites: phenolics, terpenes, and alkaloids. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 211:108674. [PMID: 38705044 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Plants produce a diverse range of secondary metabolites that serve as defense compounds against a wide range of biotic and abiotic stresses. In addition, their potential curative attributes in addressing various human diseases render them valuable in the development of pharmaceutical drugs. Different secondary metabolites including phenolics, terpenes, and alkaloids have been investigated for their antioxidant and therapeutic potential. A vast number of studies evaluated the specific compounds that possess crucial medicinal properties (such as antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, anticancerous, and antibacterial), their mechanisms of action, and potential applications in pharmacology and medicine. Therefore, an attempt has been made to characterize the secondary metabolites studied in medicinal plants, a brief overview of their biosynthetic pathways and mechanisms of action along with their signaling pathways by which they regulate various oxidative stress-related diseases in humans. Additionally, the biotechnological approaches employed to enhance their production have also been discussed. The outcome of the present review will lead to the development of novel and effective phytomedicines in the treatment of various ailments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bisma Hilal
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Section, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India
| | | | - Qazi Fariduddin
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Section, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India.
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Dhayanithy G, Mukherjee S, Subban K, Radhakrishnan S, Chelliah J. Unsaturated fatty acid, Nonacosenoic acid isolated from an endophyte Chaetomium nigricolor inhabiting the stem of Catharanthus roseus and its bioactivity. Fungal Biol 2024; 128:1876-1884. [PMID: 38876540 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2024.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
The endophytic fungus Chaetomium nigricolor culture filtrate's hexane extract was used to identify a cytotoxic very long-chain fatty acid. Based on multiple spectroscopic investigations, the structure of the compound was predicted to be an unsaturated fatty acid, Nonacosenoic acid (NA). Using the MTT assay, the compound's cytotoxic potential was evaluated against MCF-7, A-431, U-251, and HEK-293 T cells. The compound was moderately cytotoxic to breast carcinoma cell line, MCF-7 cells and negligibly cytotoxic to non-cancerous cell line HEK-293 T cells. The compound exhibited mild cytotoxic activity against A-431 and U-251 cells. The compound also induced ROS generation and mitochondrial depolarization in MCF-7 cells when assessed via the NBT and JC-1 assays, respectively. This is the first report on the production of nonacosenoic acid from the endophytic fungus Chaetomium nigricolor and the assessment of its bioactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Somnath Mukherjee
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India.
| | - Kamalraj Subban
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India.
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Lehmanski LMA, Kösters LM, Huang J, Göbel M, Gershenzon J, Hartmann H. Windthrow causes declines in carbohydrate and phenolic concentrations and increased monoterpene emission in Norway spruce. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0302714. [PMID: 38805412 PMCID: PMC11132463 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0302714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
With the increasing frequencies of extreme weather events caused by climate change, the risk of forest damage from insect attacks grows. Storms and droughts can damage and weaken trees, reduce tree vigour and defence capacity and thus provide host trees that can be successfully attacked by damaging insects, as often observed in Norway spruce stands attacked by the Eurasian spruce bark beetle Ips typographus. Following storms, partially uprooted trees with grounded crowns suffer reduced water uptake and carbon assimilation, which may lower their vigour and decrease their ability to defend against insect attack. We conducted in situ measurements on windthrown and standing control trees to determine the concentrations of non-structural carbohydrates (NSCs), of phenolic defences and volatile monoterpene emissions. These are the main storage and defence compounds responsible for beetle´s pioneer success and host tree selection. Our results show that while sugar and phenolic concentrations of standing trees remained rather constant over a 4-month period, windthrown trees experienced a decrease of 78% and 37% of sugar and phenolic concentrations, respectively. This strong decline was especially pronounced for fructose (-83%) and glucose (-85%) and for taxifolin (-50.1%). Windthrown trees emitted 25 times greater monoterpene concentrations than standing trees, in particular alpha-pinene (23 times greater), beta-pinene (27 times greater) and 3-carene (90 times greater). We conclude that windthrown trees exhibited reduced resources of anti-herbivore and anti-pathogen defence compounds needed for the response to herbivore attack. The enhanced emission rates of volatile terpenes from windthrown trees may provide olfactory cues during bark beetle early swarming related to altered tree defences. Our results contribute to the knowledge of fallen trees vigour and their defence capacity during the first months after the wind-throw disturbance. Yet, the influence of different emission rates and profiles on bark beetle behaviour and host selection requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda M. A. Lehmanski
- Department of Biogeochemical Processes, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
| | - Lara M. Kösters
- Department of Biogeochemical Integration, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
| | - Jianbei Huang
- Department of Biogeochemical Processes, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
| | - Martin Göbel
- Department of Biogeochemical Processes, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
| | - Jonathan Gershenzon
- Department for Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Henrik Hartmann
- Department of Biogeochemical Processes, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
- Institute for Forest Protection, Julius Kühn-Institute Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Quedlinburg, Germany
- Faculty of Forest Sciences and Forest Ecology, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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Tekman E, Asgarlı T, Yuca H, Atila A, Çeçen Ö, Karakaya S. Exploring Quantitative Biological Major, Trace, and Ultratrace Elements Composition and Qualitative Primary-Secondary Metabolites in Lamiaceae Medicinal Plants from Turkey. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024:10.1007/s12011-024-04219-z. [PMID: 38743318 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-024-04219-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Medicinal plants comprise a spectrum of constituents, encompassing both organic and inorganic elements. Elemental composition of 27 species of medicinal plants of Lamiaceae (including 17 endemic) family grown in Turkey was carried out by ICP-MS. The following elements were determined in analysed samples: Na, Mg, Al, K, Ca, Sc, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Zn, As, Rb, Sr, Cs, Ba, La, Ce, Sm, U, Se. Quantitative analysis of specific primary and secondary metabolites was carried out. Na and K are major constituents in plants. The concentrations of Na range from 332,495.590 g/kg (in sample 10SA) to 279,690.674 g/kg (in sample 4SA), while those of K vary from 67,492.456 g/kg (in sample 15SA) to 3347.612 g/kg (in sample 1A). Some metals such as Al, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Zn, As, Se, Rb, Sr, Cs, and Ba were also detected. Flavonoids, carbohydrates and tannins were present in all sample. Saponins were found in all samples except 1C and 2O. Coumarin were detected in samples 2N, 1 T, 1O, 1Z, 3SA, 1C, 4SA, 6SA, 8SA, 1 M, 11SA, 13SA, 2O, 14SA, 1H, and 16SI. Lipids were present in samples 6S, 9S, 1A, 10S, 1 M, 11SA, 12SA, 13SA, 14SA, and 16SI. Plants contain essential, rare earth, and trace elements at mg/kg concentrations, while major elements such as K and Na are present in high levels. Toxic element As (arsenic) was detected in all analyzed plants, but in most samples, its concentration was below the threshold set by World Health Organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enes Tekman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ataturk University, 25240, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Tugay Asgarlı
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ataturk University, 25240, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Hafize Yuca
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ataturk University, 25240, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Alptuğ Atila
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ataturk University, 25240, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Ömer Çeçen
- Department of Plant and Animal Production, Vocational School of Technical Sciences, Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey University, 70200, Karaman, Turkey
| | - Songül Karakaya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ataturk University, 25240, Erzurum, Turkey.
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Ulusoy E, Bozkurt A, Durmaz S, Servi H, Vardar F, Erisen S. Impact of silver nanoparticles on secondary metabolite composition and toxicity in anise (Pimpinella anisum L.) callus culture. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:362. [PMID: 38702604 PMCID: PMC11069286 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05067-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are numerous challenges associated with producing desired amounts of secondary metabolites (SMs), which are mostly unique and cannot be chemically synthesized. Many studies indicate that nanoparticles (NPs) can boost the production of SMs. Still, the precise manner in which NPs induce metabolic changes remains unidentified. This study examines the influence of eco-friendly silver NPs (AgNPs) on the chemical makeup and toxicity of Pimpinella anisum L. (anise). RESULTS AgNPs were introduced into anise callus cultures at different concentrations (0, 1.0, 5.0, 10, and 20 mg/L). The induced oxidative stress was tracked over intervals of 7, 14, 28, and 35 days. Chemical composition evaluations were carried out on the 35th day. Within the first 14 days, plant stress was evident, though the plant adapted to the stress later on. Notably, the plant showed high tolerance at 1 mg/L and 5 mg/L concentrations despite increased toxicity levels. However, relatively high toxicity levels were identified at 10 and 20 mg/L. The AgNP-induced stress significantly impacted anise SMs, particularly affecting fatty acid content. In the 10 and 20 mg/L AgNP groups, essential metabolites, including palmitic and linoleic acid, showed a significant increase. Polyunsaturated (omega) and monounsaturated fatty acids, vital for the food and pharmaceutical industries, saw substantial growth in the 1 and 5 mg/L AgNP groups. For the first time, vanillyl alcohol and 4-Hydroxybenzoic acid were detected along with various phenolic compounds, such as t-anethole, Salicylic acid, and Thiamazole. CONCLUSION AgNPs can function as an elicitor to efficiently generate essential SMs such as omegas and phenolic compounds in anise callus culture. This study explores the application of AgNPs as plant elicitors in anise SM production, offering invaluable insight into potential uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esma Ulusoy
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Uskudar University, P. O. Box 34662, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Aysenur Bozkurt
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Uskudar University, P. O. Box 34662, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sumeyye Durmaz
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Uskudar University, P. O. Box 34662, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Huseyin Servi
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yeni Yüzyıl University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Filiz Vardar
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Semiha Erisen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science and Letters, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Contreras-Avilés W, Heuvelink E, Marcelis LFM, Kappers IF. Ménage à trois: light, terpenoids, and quality of plants. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 29:572-588. [PMID: 38494370 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2024.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
In controlled environment agriculture (CEA), light is used to impact terpenoid production and improve plant quality. In this review we discuss various aspects of light as important regulators of terpenoid production in different plant organs. Spectral quality primarily modifies terpenoid profiles, while intensity and photoperiod influence abundances. The central regulator of light signal transduction elongated hypocotyl 5 (HY5) controls transcriptional regulation of terpenoids under UV, red (R), and blue (B) light. The larger the fraction of R and green (G) light, the more beneficial the effect on monoterpenoid and sesquiterpenoid biosynthesis, and such an effect may depend on the presence of B light. A large fraction of R light is mostly detrimental to tetraterpenoid production. We conclude that light is a promising tool to steer terpenoid production and potentially tailor the quality of plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willy Contreras-Avilés
- Horticulture and Product Physiology, Plant Sciences Group, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 16, 6700, AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands; Plant Physiology, Plant Sciences Group, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 16, 6700, AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ep Heuvelink
- Horticulture and Product Physiology, Plant Sciences Group, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 16, 6700, AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Leo F M Marcelis
- Horticulture and Product Physiology, Plant Sciences Group, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 16, 6700, AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Iris F Kappers
- Plant Physiology, Plant Sciences Group, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 16, 6700, AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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Bai W, Li C, Li W, Wang H, Han X, Wang P, Wang L. Machine learning assists prediction of genes responsible for plant specialized metabolite biosynthesis by integrating multi-omics data. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:418. [PMID: 38679745 PMCID: PMC11057162 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10258-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plant specialized (or secondary) metabolites (PSM), also known as phytochemicals, natural products, or plant constituents, play essential roles in interactions between plants and environment. Although many research efforts have focused on discovering novel metabolites and their biosynthetic genes, the resolution of metabolic pathways and identified biosynthetic genes was limited by rudimentary analysis approaches and enormous number of candidate genes. RESULTS Here we integrated state-of-the-art automated machine learning (ML) frame AutoGluon-Tabular and multi-omics data from Arabidopsis to predict genes encoding enzymes involved in biosynthesis of plant specialized metabolite (PSM), focusing on the three main PSM categories: terpenoids, alkaloids, and phenolics. We found that the related features of genomics and proteomics were the top two crucial categories of features contributing to the model performance. Using only these key features, we built a new model in Arabidopsis, which performed better than models built with more features including those related with transcriptomics and epigenomics. Finally, the built models were validated in maize and tomato, and models tested for maize and trained with data from two other species exhibited either equivalent or superior performance to intraspecies predictions. CONCLUSIONS Our external validation results in grape and poppy on the one hand implied the applicability of our model to the other species, and on the other hand showed enormous potential to improve the prediction of enzymes synthesizing PSM with the inclusion of valid data from a wider range of species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Bai
- College of Computer Science and Technology (College of Data Science), Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, China
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China, 518000, Shenzhen
| | - Cheng Li
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China, 518000, Shenzhen
| | - Wei Li
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China, 518000, Shenzhen
| | - Hai Wang
- National Maize Improvement Center, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation in Crop Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiaohong Han
- College of Computer Science and Technology (College of Data Science), Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, China.
| | - Peipei Wang
- Kunpeng Institute of Modern Agriculture at Foshan, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518124, China.
| | - Li Wang
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China, 518000, Shenzhen.
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Taher MA, Laboni AA, Islam MA, Hasnat H, Hasan MM, Ferdous J, Shompa SA, Khan M. Isolation, characterization and pharmacological potentials of methanol extract of Cassia fistula leaves: Evidenced from mice model along with molecular docking analysis. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28460. [PMID: 38590868 PMCID: PMC10999937 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the current investigation was to conduct a detailed analysis of the chemical components and medicinal properties of the methanolic crude extract derived from the leaves of Cassia fistula. This analysis was carried out using both experimental (in vivo) and computational (in silico) methods. Eleven chemicals were chromatographically isolated using GC-MS/MS, which utilizes a library of NIST and Wiley 2020 versions. FTIR analysis of the extract was performed to identify the functional group of the compounds. The glucose-lowering capacity, analgesic, and anti-diarrheal activities of methanolic crude extract were analyzed utilizing a well-known oral glucose tolerance test, tail immersion method, writhing assay, and castor oil-induced diarrheal mice methods, respectively. After 60 min, 120 min, and 180 min of loading the drugs, a significant reduction of blood glucose levels was examined (p < 0.05) in all the extracts of this plant (200 mg/kg, 400 mg/kg and 600 mg/kg) utilized in this research at a time-dependent manner. Similarly, all the crude extracts showed significant (p < 0.05) effects against pain centrally and peripherally compared to the standard drug morphine (2 mg/kg bw) and diclofenac sodium (50 mg/kg bw). Moreover, the methanol extract (400 mg/kg bw) manifested anti-diarrheal efficacy by inhibiting 72.0 % of the diarrheal episode in mice compared to the standard drug loperamide (inhibition = 80.0%). The results of the computational investigations corroborated existing in-vivo findings. Greater or close to equivalent binding affinity to the active binding sites of kappa opioid receptor, glucose transporter 3 (GLUT 3), and cyclooxygenase 2 was indicative of the potential anti-diarrheal, hypoglycemic, and analgesic characteristics of the isolated compounds (COX-2). Moreover, anticancer and antimicrobial potentiality was also found impressive through evaluation of binding affinity with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) receptors. Results from this study indicated that C. fistula might be a beneficial natural resource for treating diarrhea, hyperglycemia, and pain. However, additional research is required to conduct a comprehensive phytochemical screening and establish precise action mechanisms of the crude extract or the plant-derived compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Abdullah Taher
- Bangladesh Reference Institute for Chemical Measurements (BRiCM), Laboratory Road, Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Aysha Akter Laboni
- Bangladesh Reference Institute for Chemical Measurements (BRiCM), Laboratory Road, Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Md Ashraful Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, State University of Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Hasin Hasnat
- Department of Pharmacy, State University of Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | | | | | - Mala Khan
- Bangladesh Reference Institute for Chemical Measurements (BRiCM), Laboratory Road, Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh
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Reddy K, Stafford GI, Makunga NP. Skeletons in the closet? Using a bibliometric lens to visualise phytochemical and pharmacological activities linked to Sceletium, a mood enhancer. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1268101. [PMID: 38576783 PMCID: PMC10991851 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1268101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Plants from the Sceletium genus (Aizoaceae) have been traditionally used for millennia by the Khoe and Khoen people in southern Africa, as an appetite suppressant as well as a mood elevator. In more recent times, this mood-elevating activity has been commercialised in the South African natural products industry for the treatment of anxiety and depression, with several products available both locally and abroad. Research on this species has seen rapid growth with advancements in analytical and pharmacological tools, in an effort to understand the composition and biological activity. The Web of Science (WoS) database was searched for articles related to 'Sceletium' and 'Mesembrine'. These data were additionally analysed by bibliometric software (VOSviewer) to generate term maps and author associations. The thematic areas with the most citations were South African Traditional Medicine for mental health (110) and anxiolytic agents (75). Pioneer studies in the genus focused on chemical structural isolation, purification, and characterisation and techniques such as thin layer chromatography, liquid chromatography (HPLC, UPLC, and more recently, LC-MS), gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) to study mesembrine alkaloids. Different laboratories have used a diverse range of extraction and preanalytical methods that became routinely favoured in the analysis of the main metabolites (mesembrine, mesembranol, mesembranone, and Sceletium A4) in their respective experimental settings. In contrast with previous reviews, this paper identified gaps in the research field, being a lack of toxicology assays, a deficit of clinical assessments, too few bioavailability studies, and little to no investigation into the minor alkaloid groups found in Sceletium. Future studies are likely to see innovations in analytical techniques like leaf spray mass spectrometry and direct analysis in real-time ionisation coupled with high-resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometry (DART-HR-TOF-MS) for rapid alkaloid identification and quality control purposes. While S. tortuosum has been the primary focus, studying other Sceletium species may aid in establishing chemotaxonomic relationships and addressing challenges with species misidentification. This research can benefit the nutraceutical industry and conservation efforts for the entire genus. At present, little to no pharmacological information is available in terms of the molecular physiological effects of mesembrine alkaloids in medical clinical settings. Research in these fields is expected to increase due to the growing interest in S. tortuosum as a herbal supplement and the potential development of mesembrine alkaloids into pharmaceutical drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaylan Reddy
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Natural Sciences Faculty, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Gary I. Stafford
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Nokwanda P. Makunga
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Natural Sciences Faculty, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
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12
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Jadoon L, Gul A, Fatima H, Babar MM. Nano-elicitation and hydroponics: a synergism to enhance plant productivity and secondary metabolism. PLANTA 2024; 259:80. [PMID: 38436711 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-024-04353-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION This review has explored the importance of using a synergistic approach of nano-elicitation and hydroponics to improve plant growth and metabolite production. Furthermore, it emphasizes the significance of green nanotechnology and eco-friendly practices while utilizing this approach to promote the development of a sustainable agriculture system. Nano-elicitation stimulates metabolic processes in plants using nanoparticles (NPs) as elicitors. The stimulation of these biochemical processes can enhance plant yield and productivity, along with the production of secondary metabolites. Nanoparticles have garnered the attention of scientific community because of their unique characteristics, such as incredibly small size and large surface-to-volume ratio, which make them effective elicitors. Hydroponic systems, which optimize growing conditions to increase plant production, are typically used to study the effect of elicitors. By integrating these two approaches, the qualitative and quantitative output of plants can be increased while employing minimal resources. As the global demand for high-quality crops and bioactive compounds surges, embracing this synergistic approach alongside sustainable farming practices can pave the way for resilient agricultural systems, ensuring food security and fostering an eco-friendly environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linta Jadoon
- Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Alvina Gul
- Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan.
| | - Hunaiza Fatima
- Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Mustafeez Mujtaba Babar
- Shifa College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shifa Tameer-e-Millat University, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan.
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Jan S, Iram S, Bashir O, Shah SN, Kamal MA, Rahman S, Kim J, Jan AT. Unleashed Treasures of Solanaceae: Mechanistic Insights into Phytochemicals with Therapeutic Potential for Combatting Human Diseases. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:724. [PMID: 38475570 DOI: 10.3390/plants13050724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Plants that possess a diverse range of bioactive compounds are essential for maintaining human health and survival. The diversity of bioactive compounds with distinct therapeutic potential contributes to their role in health systems, in addition to their function as a source of nutrients. Studies on the genetic makeup and composition of bioactive compounds have revealed them to be rich in steroidal alkaloids, saponins, terpenes, flavonoids, and phenolics. The Solanaceae family, having a rich abundance of bioactive compounds with varying degrees of pharmacological activities, holds significant promise in the management of different diseases. Investigation into Solanum species has revealed them to exhibit a wide range of pharmacological properties, including antioxidant, hepatoprotective, cardioprotective, nephroprotective, anti-inflammatory, and anti-ulcerogenic effects. Phytochemical analysis of isolated compounds such as diosgenin, solamargine, solanine, apigenin, and lupeol has shown them to be cytotoxic in different cancer cell lines, including liver cancer (HepG2, Hep3B, SMMC-772), lung cancer (A549, H441, H520), human breast cancer (HBL-100), and prostate cancer (PC3). Since analysis of their phytochemical constituents has shown them to have a notable effect on several signaling pathways, a great deal of attention has been paid to identifying the biological targets and cellular mechanisms involved therein. Considering the promising aspects of bioactive constituents of different Solanum members, the main emphasis was on finding and reporting notable cultivars, their phytochemical contents, and their pharmacological properties. This review offers mechanistic insights into the bioactive ingredients intended to treat different ailments with the least harmful effects for potential applications in the advancement of medical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saima Jan
- School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri 185234, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Sana Iram
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 712-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Ommer Bashir
- Department of School Education, Srinagar 190001, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Sheezma Nazir Shah
- School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri 185234, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Mohammad Azhar Kamal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin AbdulAziz University, Alkharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Safikur Rahman
- Department of Botany, Munshi Singh College, BR Ambedkar Bihar University, Muzaffarpur 845401, Bihar, India
| | - Jihoe Kim
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 712-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Arif Tasleem Jan
- School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri 185234, Jammu and Kashmir, India
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14
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Park WR, Choi HS, Moon JH, Kim IS, Kim DK. 3-Methylcatechol mediates anti-fecundity effect by inhibiting estrogen-related receptor-induced glycolytic gene expression in Myzus persicae. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 200:105802. [PMID: 38582605 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.105802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Aphids are a major problem in agriculture, horticulture, and forestry by feeding on leaves and stems, causing discoloration, leaf curling, yellowing, and stunted growth. Although urushiol, a phenolic compound containing a catechol structure, is known for its antioxidant and anticancer properties, using small molecules to control aphids via catechol-mediated mechanisms is poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the effects of 3-methylcatechol (3-MC) on Myzus persicae fecundity. Our results showed that treatment with 3-MC significantly reduced the intrinsic transcriptional activity of the aphid estrogen-related receptor (MpERR), which regulates the expression of glycolytic genes. Additionally, 3-MC treatment suppressed the promoter activity of MpERR-induced rate-limiting enzymes in glycolysis, such as phosphofructokinase and pyruvate kinase, by inhibiting MpERR binding. Finally, 3-MC also suppressed MpERR-induced glycolytic gene expression and reduced the number of offspring produced by viviparous female aphids. Overall, our findings suggest that 3-MC has the potential to be used as a new strategy for managing aphid populations by controlling their offspring production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo-Ram Park
- Host-Directed Antiviral Research Center, Department of Integrative Food, Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Hueng-Sik Choi
- Host-Directed Antiviral Research Center, School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jae-Hak Moon
- Department of Integrative Food, Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea.
| | - In-Seon Kim
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Institute of Environmentally Friendly Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea.
| | - Don-Kyu Kim
- Host-Directed Antiviral Research Center, Department of Integrative Food, Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea.
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15
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Das S, Kwon M, Kim JY. Enhancement of specialized metabolites using CRISPR/Cas gene editing technology in medicinal plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1279738. [PMID: 38450402 PMCID: PMC10915232 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1279738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Plants are the richest source of specialized metabolites. The specialized metabolites offer a variety of physiological benefits and many adaptive evolutionary advantages and frequently linked to plant defense mechanisms. Medicinal plants are a vital source of nutrition and active pharmaceutical agents. The production of valuable specialized metabolites and bioactive compounds has increased with the improvement of transgenic techniques like gene silencing and gene overexpression. These techniques are beneficial for decreasing production costs and increasing nutritional value. Utilizing biotechnological applications to enhance specialized metabolites in medicinal plants needs characterization and identification of genes within an elucidated pathway. The breakthrough and advancement of CRISPR/Cas-based gene editing in improving the production of specific metabolites in medicinal plants have gained significant importance in contemporary times. This article imparts a comprehensive recapitulation of the latest advancements made in the implementation of CRISPR-gene editing techniques for the purpose of augmenting specific metabolites in medicinal plants. We also provide further insights and perspectives for improving metabolic engineering scenarios in medicinal plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Das
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center (PMBBRC), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Moonhyuk Kwon
- Division of Life Science, Anti-aging Bio Cell Factory Regional Leading Research Center (ABC-RLRC), Research Institute of Molecular Alchemy (RIMA), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Yean Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center (PMBBRC), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
- Nulla Bio R&D Center, Nulla Bio Inc., Jinju, Republic of Korea
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16
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Mmereke KM, Venkataraman S, Moiketsi BN, Khan MR, Hassan SH, Rantong G, Masisi K, Kwape TE, Gaobotse G, Zulfiqar F, Kumar Sharma S, Malik S, Makhzoum A. Nanoparticle elicitation: A promising strategy to modulate the production of bioactive compounds in hairy roots. Food Res Int 2024; 178:113910. [PMID: 38309862 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Hairy root culture is one of the promising biotechnological tools to obtain the stable and sustainable production of specialized metabolites from plants under controlled environment conditions. Various strategies have been adopted to enhance the accumulation of bioactive compounds in hairy roots yet their utilization at the commercial scale is restricted to only a few products. Recently, nanotechnology has been emerged as an active technique that has revolutionized the many sectors in an advantageous way. Elicitation using nanoparticles has been recognized as an effective strategy for enhancing the bioactive compounds of interest in plants. Nanoparticles elicit the activity of defense-related compounds through activation of the specific transcription factors involved in specialized metabolites production. This review discusses the recent progress in using nanoparticles to enhance specialized metabolite biosynthesis using hairy root culture system and the significant achievements in this area of research. Biotic and abiotic elicitors to improve the production of bioactive compounds in hairy roots, different types of nanoparticles as eliciting agents, their properties as dependent on shape, most widely used nanoparticles in plant hairy root systems are described in detail. Further challenges involved in application of nanoparticles, their toxicity in plant cells and risks associated to human health are also envisaged. No doubt, nanoparticle elicitation is a remarkable approach to obtain phytochemicals from hairy roots to be utilized in various sectors including food, medicines, cosmetics or agriculture but it is quite essential to understand the inter-relationships between the nanoparticles and the plant systems in terms of specifics such as type, dosage and time of exposure as well as other important parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamogelo M Mmereke
- Department of Biological Sciences & Biotechnology, Botswana International University of Science & Technology, Palapye, Botswana
| | - Srividhya Venkataraman
- Virology Laboratory, Department of Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3B2, Canada
| | - Bertha Nametso Moiketsi
- Department of Biological Sciences & Biotechnology, Botswana International University of Science & Technology, Palapye, Botswana
| | - Muhammad Rehan Khan
- Department of Agricultural Science, University of Naples Federico II, Via Università 133, 80055 Portici, Italy; URD Agro-Biotechnologies Industrielles (ABI), CEBB, AgroParisTech, 3 Rue des Rouges-Terres, 51110 Pomacle, France
| | - Sayyeda Hira Hassan
- Department of Biosciences and Territory, University of Molise, 86090 Pesche, Italy
| | - Gaolathe Rantong
- Department of Biological Sciences & Biotechnology, Botswana International University of Science & Technology, Palapye, Botswana
| | - Kabo Masisi
- Department of Biological Sciences & Biotechnology, Botswana International University of Science & Technology, Palapye, Botswana
| | - Tebogo E Kwape
- Department of Biological Sciences & Biotechnology, Botswana International University of Science & Technology, Palapye, Botswana
| | - Goabaone Gaobotse
- Department of Biological Sciences & Biotechnology, Botswana International University of Science & Technology, Palapye, Botswana
| | - Faisal Zulfiqar
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | | | - Sonia Malik
- Physiology, Ecology and Environment (P2E) Laboratory, University of Orleans, INRAE, USC1328, 45067 Orleans, France.
| | - Abdullah Makhzoum
- Department of Biological Sciences & Biotechnology, Botswana International University of Science & Technology, Palapye, Botswana.
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17
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Skovmand L, O'Dea RE, Greig KA, Amato KR, Hendry AP. Effects of leaf herbivory and autumn seasonality on plant secondary metabolites: A meta-analysis. Ecol Evol 2024; 14:e10912. [PMID: 38357594 PMCID: PMC10864732 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Plant secondary metabolites (PSMs) are produced by plants to overcome environmental challenges, both biotic and abiotic. We were interested in characterizing how autumn seasonality in temperate and subtropical climates affects overall PSM production in comparison to herbivory. Herbivory is commonly measured between spring to summer when plants have high resource availability and prioritize growth and reproduction. However, autumn seasonality also challenges plants as they cope with limited resources and prepare survival for winter. This suggests a potential gap in our understanding of how herbivory affects PSM production in autumn compared to spring/summer. Using meta-analysis, we recorded overall production of 22 different PSM subgroups from 58 published papers to calculate effect sizes from herbivory studies (absence to presence) and temperate to subtropical seasonal studies (summer to autumn), while considering other variables (e.g., plant type, increase in time since herbivory, temperature, and precipitation). We also compared production of five phenolic PSM subgroups - hydroxybenzoic acids, flavan-3-ols, flavonols, hydrolysable tannins, and condensed tannins. We wanted to detect a shared response across all PSMs and found that herbivory increased overall PSM production in herbaceous plants. Herbivory was also found to have a positive effect on individual PSM subgroups, such as flavonol production, while autumn seasonality was found to have a positive effect on flavan-3-ol and condensed tannin production. We discuss how these responses might stem from plants producing some PSMs constitutively, whereas others are induced only after herbivory, and how plants produce metabolites with higher costs only during seasons when other resources for growth and reproduction are less available, while other phenolic PSM subgroups serve more than one function for plants and such functions can be season dependent. The outcome of our meta-analysis is that autumn seasonality changes some PSM production differently from herbivory, and we see value in further investigating seasonality-herbivory interactions with plant chemical defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lota Skovmand
- Redpath Museum & Department of BiologyMcGill UniversityMontrealQuebecCanada
| | - Rose E. O'Dea
- School of Agriculture, Food, and Ecosystem SciencesUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Keri A. Greig
- Department of Integrative BiologyUniversity of Texas at AustinAustinTexasUSA
| | | | - Andrew P. Hendry
- Redpath Museum & Department of BiologyMcGill UniversityMontrealQuebecCanada
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18
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Khosravi F, Mohammadi S, Kosari-Nasab M, Asgharian P. The impact of microcrystalline and nanocrystalline cellulose on the antioxidant phenolic compounds level of the cultured Artemisia absinthium. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2692. [PMID: 38302508 PMCID: PMC10834404 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50772-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Artemisia absinthium has long been used traditionally as an anti-microbial and antioxidant agent. Various biologically active secondary metabolites, including phenolic compounds such as gallic acid and p-coumaric acid, have been reported from the species. In addition, growing the plants under in vitro conditions enriched with elicitors is a cost-effective approach to enhance secondary metabolite production. This paper examined microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) and nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) effects on morphological characteristics, phenolic compounds, antioxidant activity, and volatile oil content of A. absinthium. The treated shoots with various concentrations of MCC and NCC were subjected to spectrophotometric, GC-MS, and LC-MS analysis. FESEM-EDX, TEM, XRD, and DLS methods were applied to characterize MCC and NCC properties. Morphological findings revealed that the stem length, dry, and fresh weights were improved significantly (P ≤ 0.05) under several MCC and NCC concentrations. Some treatments enhanced gallic and p-coumaric acid levels in the plant. Although 1.5 g/L of MCC treatment showed the highest antioxidant activity, all NCC treatments reduced the antioxidant effect. The findings suggest that both MCC and NCC, at optimized concentrations, could be exploited as elicitors to improve the secondary metabolite production and morphological properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faezeh Khosravi
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Samin Mohammadi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Morteza Kosari-Nasab
- Department of Plant, Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Parina Asgharian
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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19
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Semerdjieva I, Cantrell CL, Zheljazkov VD, Radoukova T, Koleva-Valkova LH, Astatkie T, Kačániová M, Borisova D. Chemical profile, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of Pinus heldreichii Christ. Distributed in Bulgaria. Heliyon 2024; 10:e22967. [PMID: 38187304 PMCID: PMC10770424 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Pinus heldreichii Christ. (Bosnian pine), a Tertiary relict and Balkan sub-endemic, has not been comprehensively studied for its essential oil (EO) profile and bioactivity of its different plant parts. This study aimed to determine the EO yield, composition and antimicrobial activity from different parts of P. heldreichii at three different populations (mountains) in Bulgaria. Furthermore, the study assessed the antioxidant activities of plant tissue, including leaves (needles), twigs wood, male and female cones. The EOs yield from different plant parts ranged from 0.09 % (leaves) to 0.74 % (wood of twigs), with monoterpenes being the predominant class. Limonene, α-pinene, β-caryophyllene, germacrene D, β-pinene, and β-myrcene were detected in the EO extracted from all analyzed trees. However, these compounds were not found in the EO extracted from all plant parts of the same trees. Four chemical groups (chemotypes) were identified for EO from twigs, and three chemotypes were identified for EO from leaves. The chemotypes were based on the percent ratio of the main EO constituents (>5 %). Leaves tissue showed the highest values in terms of polyphenols and flavonoids, as well as higher ABTS radical scavenging activity, while the highest antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus was seen in the EOs obtained from twigs. This is the first study to identify several chemotypes based on leaf and twigs EO of P. heldreichii distributed in Bulgarian flora. Furthermore, the EO of twigs tips (TT), male cones (MC), and wood of one-two-year-old twigs (WT) of the same trees were reported for the first time. The total polyphenol, flavonoid content, and radical scavenging activity of tissues of annual twigs wood and biennial twigs wood, leaf tissue, MC tissue, and the twigs tips tissue is also reported for the first time in the accessible literature. These findings highlight the potential of P. heldreichii to provide EOs with varying compositions and bioactivities, making them suitable for nutraceutical, pharmacological, and potentially food additive applications. Furthermore, the identification of chemotype accessions in this study suggests their selection for the development of new forest crop as a source for natural products with desirable composition and bioactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivanka Semerdjieva
- Department of Botany and Agrometeorology, Agricultural University, Mendeleev 12, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- Department of Plant and Fungal Diversity and Resources, Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Charles L. Cantrell
- Natural Products Utilization Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture–Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Valtcho D. Zheljazkov
- Department of Crop and Soil Science, Oregon State University, 3050 SW Campus Way, 109 Crop Science Building, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Tzenka Radoukova
- Department of Botany and Biological Education, University of Plovdiv Paisii Hilendarski, 24 Tzar Asen, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Lyubka H. Koleva-Valkova
- Department of Plant Physiology, Biochemistry and Genetics, Agricultural University, Mendeleev 12, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Tess Astatkie
- Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS B2N 5E3, Canada
| | - Miroslava Kačániová
- Institute of Horticulture, Faculty of Horticulture and Landscape Engineering, Slovak University of Agriculture, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia
- School of Medical & Health Sciences, University of Economics and Human Sciences in Warsaw, Okopowa 59, 01 043 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Daniela Borisova
- Administration of Vrachanski Balkan Nature Park, Executive Forest Agency, Ministry of Agriculture and Food, 3000 Vratsa, Bulgaria
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20
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Zhang J, He X, Zhou J, Dong Z, Yu H, Tang Q, Yuan L, Peng S, Zhong X, He Y. Selection and Verification of Standardized Reference Genes of Angelica dahurica under Various Abiotic Stresses by Real-Time Quantitative PCR. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:79. [PMID: 38254968 PMCID: PMC10815136 DOI: 10.3390/genes15010079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
In traditional Chinese medicine, Angelica dahurica is a valuable herb with numerous therapeutic applications for a range of ailments. There have not yet been any articles on the methodical assessment and choice of the best reference genes for A. dahurica gene expression studies. Real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) is widely employed as the predominant method for investigating gene expression. In order to ensure the precise determination of target gene expression outcomes in RT-qPCR analysis, it is imperative to employ stable reference genes. In this study, a total of 11 candidate reference genes including SAND family protein (SAND), polypyrimidine tract-binding protein (PTBP), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), actin (ACT), TIP41-like protein (TIP41), cyclophilin 2 (CYP2), elongation factor 1 α (EF1α), ubiquitin-protein ligase 9 (UBC9), tubulin β-6 (TUB6), thioredoxin-like protein YLS8 (YLS8), and tubulin-α (TUBA) were selected from the transcriptome of A. dahurica. Subsequently, three statistical algorithms (geNorm, NormFinder, and BestKeeper) were employed to assess the stability of their expression patterns across seven distinct stimulus treatments. The outcomes obtained from these analyses were subsequently amalgamated into a comprehensive ranking using RefFinder. Additionally, one target gene, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), was used to confirm the effectiveness of the selected reference genes. According to the findings of this study, the two most stable reference genes for normalizing the expression of genes in A. dahurica are TIP41 and UBC9. Overall, our research has determined the appropriate reference genes for RT-qPCR in A. dahurica and provides a crucial foundation for gene screening and identifying genes associated with the biosynthesis of active ingredients in A. dahurica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (J.Z.); (X.H.); (J.Z.); (Z.D.); (H.Y.); (Q.T.); (L.Y.); (S.P.)
| | - Xinyi He
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (J.Z.); (X.H.); (J.Z.); (Z.D.); (H.Y.); (Q.T.); (L.Y.); (S.P.)
| | - Jun Zhou
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (J.Z.); (X.H.); (J.Z.); (Z.D.); (H.Y.); (Q.T.); (L.Y.); (S.P.)
| | - Zhuang Dong
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (J.Z.); (X.H.); (J.Z.); (Z.D.); (H.Y.); (Q.T.); (L.Y.); (S.P.)
| | - Han Yu
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (J.Z.); (X.H.); (J.Z.); (Z.D.); (H.Y.); (Q.T.); (L.Y.); (S.P.)
| | - Qi Tang
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (J.Z.); (X.H.); (J.Z.); (Z.D.); (H.Y.); (Q.T.); (L.Y.); (S.P.)
| | - Lei Yuan
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (J.Z.); (X.H.); (J.Z.); (Z.D.); (H.Y.); (Q.T.); (L.Y.); (S.P.)
| | - Siqing Peng
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (J.Z.); (X.H.); (J.Z.); (Z.D.); (H.Y.); (Q.T.); (L.Y.); (S.P.)
| | - Xiaohong Zhong
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (J.Z.); (X.H.); (J.Z.); (Z.D.); (H.Y.); (Q.T.); (L.Y.); (S.P.)
| | - Yuedong He
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
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21
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Parthasarathy SP, Anusuya S, Rajalakshmi S, Megha D, Appunu C, Alagumanian S, Manickavasagam M. Elucidating the efficacy of functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotube in the biogenesis of L-Dopa and antioxidant metabolites in cell cultures of Hybanthus enneaspermus. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 206:108310. [PMID: 38169226 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Hybanthus enneaspermus (L.)F.Muell. is a highly indispensable medicinal herb yielding L-Dopa, deemed the gold standard drug among the therapeutic options for Parkinson's disease. This investigation is the first attempt to evaluate the eliciting influence of carboxylic acid functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT-COOH) on the biosynthesis of L-Dopa and on biomass aggregation and antioxidant metabolites in H. enneaspermus cell suspension cultures. Suspension cells were accomplished from friable calli generated from the nodal segments of H. enneaspermus in Murashige and Skoog (MS) liquid medium infused with 2 mg L-1 2, 4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2, 4-D), and 0.3 mg L-1meta-Topolin (mT). The influence of MWCNTs on L-Dopa synthesis, biomass accumulation, and biochemical parameters was examined on the basis of the exposure time and in a concentration-dependent manner of MWCNTs. The inclusion of 30 mg L-1 MWCNTs increased the biomass and the L-Dopa level by 2.00 and 16.37-folds, respectively, compared with that of the control. Furthermore, the effect of MWCNTs on physiological parameters such as catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), malondialdehyde (MDA) content, 2-diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and ferric-reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) was examined over the elicited cells. Among the antioxidant enzymatic activities, CAT enhanced 8.0 fold compared with that of the control. MDA and DPPH content enhanced 2.60 and 1.12 folds, respectively, compared with that of the control. The current study showed that MWCNTs offer new possibilities for their usage over in vitro by acting as potential innovative plant metabolite elicitors and stress-protecting entities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanthi Pandurengan Parthasarathy
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620024, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Sathiyanarayanan Anusuya
- Department of Botany, St. Joseph's College (Autonomous), Tiruchirappalli, 620002, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Subramaniyan Rajalakshmi
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620024, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Davis Megha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620024, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Chinnaswamy Appunu
- Division of Crop Improvement, Sugarcane Breeding Institute, (ICAR), Coimbatore, 641007, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Subramaniyam Alagumanian
- Department of Botany, H.H. The Rajah's College (Autonomous), Pudukkottai, 622001, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Markandan Manickavasagam
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620024, Tamilnadu, India.
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22
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Maurya AK, Agnihotri VK. Valeriana jatamansi: Bioactive Compounds and their Medicinal Uses. Curr Top Med Chem 2024; 24:757-796. [PMID: 38318825 DOI: 10.2174/0115680266273617240129042653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Valeriana jatamansi is a reputed perennial medicinal herb distributed throughout the world, where it is used in cytotoxicity, neuronal problems, insomnia, leishmania and acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, antioxidant, antiviral and α-glucosidase inhibition activities. This review describes the current state of chemical characterization of isolated metabolites, which are well accepted for the treatment of various ailments in the indigenous system of medicine. This comprehensive review covers previously published research articles and reviews up to 2023 with an emphasis on the structural characterization of isolated bioactive compounds using different analytical techniques. Furthermore, the present review also focuses on the detailed medicinal and pharmacological properties of isolated compounds from this threatened herb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antim K Maurya
- Chemical Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur (Himachal Pradesh), 176061, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi, Oxford, Mississippi, USA
| | - Vijai K Agnihotri
- Chemical Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur (Himachal Pradesh), 176061, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
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23
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Parthasarathy R, Sruthi D, Jayabaskaran C. Retracted: Isolation and purifications of an ambuic acid derivative compound from marine algal endophytic fungi Talaromyces flavus that induces apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 cancer cells. Chem Biol Drug Des 2023; 102:1308-1326. [PMID: 37246452 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.14271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, there has been a lot of buzz about the possibilities of marine microflora as a source of new therapeutic drugs. The strong anti-tumor potency of compounds found in marine resources reflects the ocean's enormous potential as a source of anticancer therapeutics. In this present investigation, an ambuic acid derivative anticancer compound was isolated from Talaromyces flavus, and its cytotoxicity and apoptosis induction potential were analyzed. T. flavus was identified through morphological and molecular analysis. The various organic solvent extracts of T. flavus grown on different growth mediums were evaluated for cytotoxicity on different cancer cell lines. The potent cytotoxicity was shown in the ethyl acetate extract of a fungal culture grown in the M1-D medium for 21 days. Furthermore, the anticancer compound was identified using preparative thin layer chromatography, followed by its purification in significant proportions using column chromatography. The spectroscopic and chromatographic analysis revealed that the structure of the purified molecules was an ambuic acid derivative. The ambuic acid derivative compound showed potent cytotoxicity on MDA-MB-231 (breast cancer cells) with an IC50 value of 26 μM and induced apoptosis in the MDA-MB-231 cells in a time-dependent and reactive oxygen species-independent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Damodaran Sruthi
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Chelliah Jayabaskaran
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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24
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Martini F, Jijakli MH, Gontier E, Muchembled J, Fauconnier ML. Harnessing Plant's Arsenal: Essential Oils as Promising Tools for Sustainable Management of Potato Late Blight Disease Caused by Phytophthora infestans-A Comprehensive Review. Molecules 2023; 28:7302. [PMID: 37959721 PMCID: PMC10650712 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28217302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Potato late blight disease is caused by the oomycete Phytophthora infestans and is listed as one of the most severe phytopathologies on Earth. The current environmental issues require new methods of pest management. For that reason, plant secondary metabolites and, in particular, essential oils (EOs) have demonstrated promising potential as pesticide alternatives. This review presents the up-to-date work accomplished using EOs against P. infestans at various experimental scales, from in vitro to in vivo. Additionally, some cellular mechanisms of action on Phytophthora spp., especially towards cell membranes, are also presented for a better understanding of anti-oomycete activities. Finally, some challenges and constraints encountered for the development of EOs-based biopesticides are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Martini
- Joint and Research Unit, 1158 BioEcoAgro Junia, 59000 Lille, France;
- Laboratory of Chemistry of Natural Molecules, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Liege University, Passage des Déportés 2, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium;
- Laboratory of Plant Biology and Innovation, BIOPI-UPJV, UMRT BioEcoAgro INRAE1158, UFR Sciences of University of Picardie Jules Verne, 33 rue Saint Leu, 80000 Amiens, France;
| | - M. Haïssam Jijakli
- Integrated and Urban Plant Pathology Laboratory, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Liege University, Passage des Déportés 2, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium;
| | - Eric Gontier
- Laboratory of Plant Biology and Innovation, BIOPI-UPJV, UMRT BioEcoAgro INRAE1158, UFR Sciences of University of Picardie Jules Verne, 33 rue Saint Leu, 80000 Amiens, France;
| | - Jérôme Muchembled
- Joint and Research Unit, 1158 BioEcoAgro Junia, 59000 Lille, France;
| | - Marie-Laure Fauconnier
- Laboratory of Chemistry of Natural Molecules, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Liege University, Passage des Déportés 2, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium;
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25
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Wu X, Yang Y, Zhang H. Microbial fortification of pharmacological metabolites in medicinal plants. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2023; 21:5066-5072. [PMID: 37867972 PMCID: PMC10589376 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2023.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Medicinal plants are rich in secondary metabolites with beneficial pharmacological effects. The production of plant secondary metabolites is subjected to the influences by environmental factors including the plant-associated microbiome, which is crucial to the host's fitness and survival. As a result, research interests are increasing in exploiting microbial capacities for enhancing plant production of pharmacological metabolites. A growing body of recent research provides accumulating evidence in support of developing microbe-based tools for achieving this objective. This mini review presents brief summaries of recent studies on medicinal plants that demonstrate microbe-augmented production of pharmacological terpenoids, polyphenols, and alkaloids, followed by discussions on some key questions beyond the promising observations. Explicit molecular insights into the underlying mechanisms will enhance microbial applications for metabolic fortification in medicinal plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxuan Wu
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201602, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yu Yang
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201602, China
| | - Huiming Zhang
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201602, China
- Nanchang Institute of Industrial Innovation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanchang 330224, China
- Jiangxi Center for Innovation and Incubation of Industrial Technologies, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanchang 330200, China
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26
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Nur S, Setiawan H, Hanafi M, Elya B. Pharmacognostical and Phytochemical Studies and Biological Activity of Curculigo latifolia Plant Organs for Natural Skin-Whitening Compound Candidate. ScientificWorldJournal 2023; 2023:5785259. [PMID: 37829602 PMCID: PMC10567512 DOI: 10.1155/2023/5785259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Curculigo latifolia (family Amaryllidaceae) is used empirically for medicinal purposes. It is distributed throughout Asian countries, especially Indonesia. This study aimed at standardizing the C. latifolia plant, analyzing its phytochemical profile, and evaluating its pharmacological effects. The powder from each organ (root, stem, and leaves) was standardized organoleptically and microscopically. Samples were extracted by graded maceration using hexane, ethyl acetate, and ethanol. The extracts were determined for total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC). Antioxidant (radical scavenging and metal ion reduction) and antityrosinase activities were determined by spectrophotometric methods. Extracts were analysed for phytochemical profiles by LC-ESI-MS. The highest TPC and TFC were found in the ethanolic extract of the root organ (68.63 ± 2.97 mg GAE/g) and the ethyl acetate extract of the stem (14.33 ± 0.71 mg QE/g extract). High antioxidant activities were found in the ethanolic root extract (20.42 ± 0.33 µg/mL) and ethanolic stem extract (45.65 ± 0.77 µg/mL) by DPPH• and NO• assays, respectively. The ion reduction activity (by CUPRAC assay) was most significant in the ethyl acetate stem extract (390.42 ± 14.49 µmol GAEAC/g extract). Ethanolic root extract was the most active in inhibiting tyrosinase (IC50 value of 108.5 µg/mL). The correlation matrix between TPC and antioxidant activities showed a moderate to robust correlation, whereas the TPC and antityrosinase activity showed a robust correlation. The TFC and antioxidant or antityrosinase activities showed a weak to moderate correlation. The LC-ESI-MS data identified major phenols in the active extracts, including methyl 3-hydroxy-4-methoxy-benzoate, quercetin, 4-O-caffeoylquinic acid-1, and curculigoside. Overall, this study suggests that extracts from the C. latifolia plant offer potent antioxidant and antityrosinase activities, allowing them to be used as natural antioxidants and candidates for skin-lightening compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syamsu Nur
- Department of Phytochemistry and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Indonesia, Depok 16424, Indonesia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Almarisah Madani University, Makassar 90245, Indonesia
| | - Heri Setiawan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Indonesia, Depok 16424, Indonesia
| | - Muhammad Hanafi
- Indonesian Institute of Sciences (National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN)), Jakarta 15314, Indonesia
- Department of Phytochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pancasila University, South Jakarta 12640, Indonesia
| | - Berna Elya
- Department of Phytochemistry and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Indonesia, Depok 16424, Indonesia
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27
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Tsipinana S, Husseiny S, Alayande KA, Raslan M, Amoo S, Adeleke R. Contribution of endophytes towards improving plant bioactive metabolites: a rescue option against red-taping of medicinal plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1248319. [PMID: 37771494 PMCID: PMC10522919 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1248319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
Medicinal plants remain a valuable source for natural drug bioprospecting owing to their multi-target spectrum. However, their use as raw materials for novel drug synthesis has been greatly limited by unsustainable harvesting leading to decimation of their wild populations coupled with inherent low concentrations of constituent secondary metabolites per unit mass. Thus, adding value to the medicinal plants research dynamics calls for adequate attention. In light of this, medicinal plants harbour endophytes which are believed to be contributing towards the host plant survival and bioactive metabolites through series of physiological interference. Stimulating secondary metabolite production in medicinal plants by using endophytes as plant growth regulators has been demonstrated to be one of the most effective methods for increasing metabolite syntheses. Use of endophytes as plant growth promotors could help to ensure continuous supply of medicinal plants, and mitigate issues with fear of extinction. Endophytes minimize heavy metal toxicity in medicinal plants. It has been hypothesized that when medicinal plants are exposed to harsh conditions, associated endophytes are the primary signalling channels that induce defensive reactions. Endophytes go through different biochemical processes which lead to activation of defence mechanisms in the host plants. Thus, through signal transduction pathways, endophytic microorganisms influence genes involved in the generation of secondary metabolites by plant cells. Additionally, elucidating the role of gene clusters in production of secondary metabolites could expose factors associated with low secondary metabolites by medicinal plants. Promising endophyte strains can be manipulated for enhanced production of metabolites, hence, better probability of novel bioactive metabolites through strain improvement, mutagenesis, co-cultivation, and media adjustment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinawo Tsipinana
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Samah Husseiny
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, Faculty of Postgraduate Studies for Advanced Sciences, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Kazeem A. Alayande
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Mai Raslan
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, Faculty of Postgraduate Studies for Advanced Sciences, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Stephen Amoo
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
- Agricultural Research Council – Vegetables, Industrial and Medicinal Plants, Roodeplaat, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Rasheed Adeleke
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
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28
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Xu F, Valappil AK, Mathiyalagan R, Tran TNA, Ramadhania ZM, Awais M, Yang DC. In Vitro Cultivation and Ginsenosides Accumulation in Panax ginseng: A Review. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3165. [PMID: 37687411 PMCID: PMC10489967 DOI: 10.3390/plants12173165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
The use of in vitro tissue culture for herbal medicines has been recognized as a valuable source of botanical secondary metabolites. The tissue culture of ginseng species is used in the production of bioactive compounds such as phenolics, polysaccharides, and especially ginsenosides, which are utilized in the food, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical industries. This review paper focuses on the in vitro culture of Panax ginseng and accumulation of ginsenosides. In vitro culture has been applied to study organogenesis and biomass culture, and is involved in direct organogenesis for rooting and shooting from explants and in indirect morphogenesis for somatic embryogenesis via the callus, which is a mass of disorganized cells. Biomass production was conducted with different types of tissue cultures, such as adventitious roots, cell suspension, and hairy roots, and subsequently on a large scale in a bioreactor. This review provides the cumulative knowledge of biotechnological methods to increase the ginsenoside resources of P. ginseng. In addition, ginsenosides are summarized at enhanced levels of activity and content with elicitor treatment, together with perspectives of new breeding tools which can be developed in P. ginseng in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengjiao Xu
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea; (F.X.); (T.N.A.T.); (Z.M.R.); (M.A.)
| | - Anjali Kariyarath Valappil
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea; (A.K.V.); (R.M.)
| | - Ramya Mathiyalagan
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea; (A.K.V.); (R.M.)
| | - Thi Ngoc Anh Tran
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea; (F.X.); (T.N.A.T.); (Z.M.R.); (M.A.)
| | - Zelika Mega Ramadhania
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea; (F.X.); (T.N.A.T.); (Z.M.R.); (M.A.)
| | - Muhammad Awais
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea; (F.X.); (T.N.A.T.); (Z.M.R.); (M.A.)
| | - Deok Chun Yang
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea; (F.X.); (T.N.A.T.); (Z.M.R.); (M.A.)
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea; (A.K.V.); (R.M.)
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29
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Chen C, Ge Y, Lu L. Opportunities and challenges in the application of single-cell and spatial transcriptomics in plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1185377. [PMID: 37636094 PMCID: PMC10453814 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1185377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Single-cell and spatial transcriptomics have diverted researchers' attention from the multicellular level to the single-cell level and spatial information. Single-cell transcriptomes provide insights into the transcriptome at the single-cell level, whereas spatial transcriptomes help preserve spatial information. Although these two omics technologies are helpful and mature, further research is needed to ensure their widespread applicability in plant studies. Reviewing recent research on plant single-cell or spatial transcriptomics, we compared the different experimental methods used in various plants. The limitations and challenges are clear for both single-cell and spatial transcriptomic analyses, such as the lack of applicability, spatial information, or high resolution. Subsequently, we put forth further applications, such as cross-species analysis of roots at the single-cell level and the idea that single-cell transcriptome analysis needs to be combined with other omics analyses to achieve superiority over individual omics analyses. Overall, the results of this review suggest that combining single-cell transcriptomics, spatial transcriptomics, and spatial element distribution can provide a promising research direction, particularly for plant research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ce Chen
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yining Ge
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lingli Lu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resource and Environment of Zhejiang Province, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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30
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Afifah IQ, Wibowo I, Faizal A. A newly identified β-amyrin synthase gene hypothetically involved in oleanane-saponin biosynthesis from Talinum paniculatum (Jacq.) Gaertn. Heliyon 2023; 9:e17707. [PMID: 37449131 PMCID: PMC10336583 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Talinum paniculatum or Javanese ginseng in Indonesia is a plant widely used as a traditional medicine. The genus Talinum produces oleanane-type saponins, such as talinumoside I. The first aim of this study was to isolate the probable gene encoding β-amyrin synthase (bAS), a key enzyme involved in the cyclization of 2,3-oxidosqualene producing the backbone of the oleanane-type saponin β-amyrin and characterize the gene sequence and the predicted protein sequence using in silico approach. The second aim was to analyze the correlation between the TpbAS gene expression level and saponin production in various plant organs. Thus, TpbAS was isolated using degenerate primers and PCR 5'/3'-Rapid Amplification of cDNA Ends (RACE), then the gene sequence and the predicted protein were in silico analyzed using various programs. TpbAS expression level was analyzed using reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR), and saponin content was measured using a spectrophotometer. The results showed that the full-length TpbAS gene consists of 2298 base pairs encoding for a 765-amino acid protein. From in silico study, the (GA)n sequence was identified in the 5'-untranslated regions and predicted to be a candidate of the gene expression modulator. In addition, functional RNA motifs and sites analysis predicted the presence of exon splicing enhancers and silencers within the coding sequence and miRNA target sites candidate. Amino acid sequence analysis showed DCTAE, QW, and WCYCR motifs that were conserved in all classes of oxidosqualene cyclase enzymes. Phylogenetic tree analysis showed that TpbAS is closely related to other plant oxidosqualene cyclase groups. Analysis of TpbAS expression and saponin content indicated that saponin is mainly synthesized and accumulated in the leaves. Taken together, these findings will assist in increasing the saponin content through a metabolic engineering approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ika Qurrotul Afifah
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science and Technology, UIN Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
| | - Indra Wibowo
- Physiology, Animal Development, and Biomedical Sciences Research Group, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia
| | - Ahmad Faizal
- Plant Science and Biotechnology Research Group, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia
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31
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Rahimi M, Kordrostami M, Nasiri J. Evaluation of biochemical, physiological traits and percentage of essential oil of sickleweed (Falcaria vulgaris) population in different geographical and climatic regions. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0287480. [PMID: 37343048 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0287480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Sickleweed (Falcaria vulgaris) is the name of a species of annual, and perennial herbaceous plants of the genus Falcaria. Climate change could negatively influnces the performance of various plant species in plant kingdom. In this study, 15 different sickleweed populations from seven provinces of the country were collected based on an unbalanced nest design with 10 replications and the percentage of essential oil, types of chlorophyll, phenol, proline, protein, and carotenoids were measured on them. The results showed that there was a significant difference between populations at the level of one percent for the studied traits. The results of the mean comparison showed that populations Ard-Shaban and Qaz-Ilan in terms of the evaluated traits and especially the percentage of essential oil were at the upper of the studied samples and selected as suitable populations. In addition, populations Gilan-Deylaman and Kur-Gerger-e Sofla were also identified as superior populations in terms of studied traits by cluster analysis and principle component analysis (PCA). Since the high level of proline and biochemical and physiological traits in plants can play a role in plants' tolerance to stresses, therefore, populations with high values of these traits can be used in stress tolerance breeding programs. Therefore, in this study, populations Gilan-Deylaman and Kur-Gerger-e Sofla can be suitable populations for this purpose. In addition, the essential oil of this plant is used in the treatment of diseases, and therefore populations Ard-Shaban and Qaz-Ilan, which showed a high percentage of essential oil, can be used in breeding programs to increase the performance of this trait.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Rahimi
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Science and High Technology and Environmental Sciences, Graduate University of Advanced Technology, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Kordrostami
- Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute (NSTRI), Nuclear Agriculture Research School, Karaj, Iran
| | - Jaber Nasiri
- Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute (NSTRI), Nuclear Agriculture Research School, Karaj, Iran
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Hammock HA, Sams CE. Variation in supplemental lighting quality influences key aroma volatiles in hydroponically grown 'Italian Large Leaf' basil. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1184664. [PMID: 37434608 PMCID: PMC10332322 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1184664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
The spectral quality of supplemental greenhouse lighting can directly influence aroma volatiles and secondary metabolic resource allocation (i.e., specific compounds and classes of compounds). Research is needed to determine species-specific secondary metabolic responses to supplemental lighting (SL) sources with an emphasis on variations in spectral quality. The primary objective of this experiment was to determine the impact of supplemental narrowband blue (B) and red (R) LED lighting ratios and discrete wavelengths on flavor volatiles in hydroponic basil (Ocimum basilicum var. Italian Large Leaf). A natural light (NL) control and different broadband lighting sources were also evaluated to establish the impact of adding discrete and broadband supplements to the ambient solar spectrum. Each SL treatment provided 8.64 mol.m-2.d-1 (100 µmol.m-2.s-1, 24 h.d-1) photon flux. The daily light integral (DLI) of the NL control averaged 11.75 mol.m-2.d-1 during the growth period (ranging from 4 to 20 mol.m-2.d-1). Basil plants were harvested 45 d after seeding. Using GC-MS, we explored, identified, and quantified several important volatile organic compounds (VOCs) with known influence on sensory perception and/or plant physiological processes of sweet basil. We found that the spectral quality from SL sources, in addition to changes in the spectra and DLI of ambient sunlight across growing seasons, directly influence basil aroma volatile concentrations. Further, we found that specific ratios of narrowband B/R wavelengths, combinations of discrete narrowband wavelengths, and broadband wavelengths directly and differentially influence the overall aroma profile as well as specific compounds. Based on the results of this study, we recommend supplemental 450 and 660 nm (± 20 nm) wavelengths at a ratio of approximately 10B/90R at 100-200 µmol.m-2.s-1, 12-24 h.d-1 for sweet basil grown under standard greenhouse conditions, with direct consideration of the natural solar spectrum and DLI provided for any given location and growing season. This experiment demonstrates the ability to use discrete narrowband wavelengths to augment the natural solar spectrum to provide an optimal light environment across variable growing seasons. Future experiments should investigate SL spectral quality for the optimization of sensory compounds in other high-value specialty crops.
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Meira TM, da Costa MM, de Simoni Gouveia JJ, Soares RAN, Tavares MRS, Fernandes AWC, Gouveia GV. Action of crude ethanol extract of Hymenaea martiana leaf, gallic acid, and polypyrrole (PPy) against Aeromonas hydrophila. Braz J Microbiol 2023; 54:1191-1202. [PMID: 36807089 PMCID: PMC10235323 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-023-00922-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Pisciculture represents one of the industries with the fastest growth rates worldwide. However, it presents obstacles to its development, such as bacteriosis, which is conventionally treated with antibiotics. The indiscriminate and inappropriate use of antibiotics can lead to bacterial resistance, thus alternatives to the use of antibiotics have been researched. The study aimed to analyze the potential of crude ethanol extract (CEE) from Hymenaea martiana leaf, gallic acid (GA), and polypyrrole (PPy) against Aeromonas hydrophila. Tests were performed to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of the compounds individually and in synergy (checkerboard) against A. hydrophila and in silico tests between the compounds evaluated. The CEE of H. martiana leaf and PPy were effective against A. hydrophila with MBC results of 3125 μg/mL for the CEE of H. martiana and 125 μg/mL for PPy. Evaluating the GA, a MIC and MBC of 125 μg/mL was obtained. In the interaction tests (checkerboard, using PPy/CEE and PPy/GA), there was a significant reduction in individual introductions. Thus, for the PPy/CEE tests, we had a reduction of MIC/MBC to 1.95 and 781.25 μg/mL, and for the synergy tests between PPy/GA to 7.8125 and 31.125 μg/mL, respectively. The synergy tests are encouraging, and it is possible to verify a decrease of up to 98% in the introduction of PPy, 75% in CEE for H. martiana and 75.1% for GA, when compared to their individual tests. The tests with GA are encouraging due to GA's effectiveness as an antimicrobial agent and high synergy with polypyrrole, both in vitro results and molecular docking experiments showed the actions at the same activation site in A. hydrophila. In vivo tests evaluating isolated components of CEE from H. martiana in synergy with PPy should be performed, to verify the quality of the interactions and the improvement of the immune responses of the animals. It was evidenced that gallic acid, a substance isolated from the extract, tends to have more promising results. This is relevant since the industry has been developing these compounds for different uses, thus providing easier access to the product. Thus, the present study indicates an efficient alternative in the use of bioactive compounds as substitutes for conventional antimicrobials.
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Seeley MM, Stacy EA, Martin RE, Asner GP. Foliar functional and genetic variation in a keystone Hawaiian tree species estimated through spectroscopy. Oecologia 2023; 202:15-28. [PMID: 37171625 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-023-05374-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Imaging spectroscopy has the potential to map closely related plant taxa at landscape scales. Although spectral investigations at the leaf and canopy levels have revealed relationships between phylogeny and reflectance, understanding how spectra differ across, and are inherited from, genotypes of a single species has received less attention. We used a common-garden population of four varieties of the keystone canopy tree, Metrosideros polymorpha, from Hawaii Island and four F1-hybrid genotypes derived from controlled crosses to determine if reflectance spectra discriminate sympatric, conspecific varieties of this species and their hybrids. With a single exception, pairwise comparisons of leaf reflectance patterns successfully distinguished varieties of M. polymorpha on Hawaii Island as well as populations of the same variety from different islands. Further, spectral variability within a single variety from Hawaii Island and the older island of Oahu was greater than that observed among the four varieties on Hawaii Island. F1 hybrids most frequently displayed leaf spectral patterns intermediate to those of their parent taxa. Spectral reflectance patterns distinguished each of two of the hybrid genotypes from one of their parent varieties, indicating that classifying hybrids may be possible, particularly if sample sizes are increased. This work quantifies a baseline in spectral variability for an endemic Hawaiian tree species and advances the use of imaging spectroscopy in biodiversity studies at the genetic level.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Seeley
- Center for Global Discovery and Conservation Science, Arizona State University, Hilo, HI, 96720, USA.
- School of Geographical Sciences and Urban Planning, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85281, USA.
| | - E A Stacy
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV, 89154, USA
| | - R E Martin
- Center for Global Discovery and Conservation Science, Arizona State University, Hilo, HI, 96720, USA
- School of Geographical Sciences and Urban Planning, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85281, USA
| | - G P Asner
- Center for Global Discovery and Conservation Science, Arizona State University, Hilo, HI, 96720, USA
- School of Geographical Sciences and Urban Planning, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85281, USA
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Williams GA, Oso AO, Mafimidiwo AN, Olayemi WA, Akinjute OF, Isaque AA, Williams OK, Ogunrombi JO. Nutrient digestibility, gut microflora, carcass yield, and meat microbiology of broilers fed diets supplemented Ethiopian pepper (Xylopia aethiopica), cloves (Syzygium aromaticum), and their composite. Trop Anim Health Prod 2023; 55:167. [PMID: 37084089 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-023-03582-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
The effect of dietary supplementation of Ethiopian pepper (Xylopia aethiopica) and clove (Syzygium aromaticum) and their composite on nutrient digestibility, gut microflora, carcass yield, and meat microbiology were investigated in a 52-day boiler feeding trial. Three hundred and sixty unsexed Ross broilers were used for the study. Four experimental diets were formulated for the starter (0-28 days) and finisher (29-56 days) phases: diet 1 was the control without phytogenic supplementation, diet 2 (supplemented with 1% Ethiopian pepper (EP)), diet 3 (supplemented with 1% clove (CL)), and diet 4 (supplemented with 1% mix of equal quantity (0.5% each) of Ethiopian pepper and clove (EPCL)). Each treatment was replicated 6 times with 15 birds per replicate. Nutrient digestibility was determined on days 28 and 56, gut microflora was determined for the small intestine and caecum on day 56, carcass yield, organ weights, and meat microbiology were also determined on day 56. Data obtained were subjected to a one-way analysis of variance using SAS 2000 and significant means were separated using Tukey's test in the same software. At day 28, broilers fed the diet supplemented EPCL had the highest (P < 0.05) dry matter digestibility (DMD, 86.81%) crude protein digestibility (CPD, 71.28%), and ash digestibility (64.24%). Broilers fed EP supplemented diet had reduced (P < 0.05) DMD (70.50%). Increased (P < 0.05) ether extract digestibility (EED) was observed for broilers fed the diet supplemented CL (75.27%) and EPCL (76.43%). Ash digestibility (AD) was lowest (P < 0.05) for broilers fed control diet (50.30%). At day 56, broilers fed the diet supplemented CL and those fed the EPCL supplemented diet had higher (P < 0.05) CPD (78.07%, 79.35%) and EED (70.20%, 71.42%) than other treatments. Ash digestibility was higher (P < 0.05) for broilers fed diet supplemented EPCL (74.60%) than other treatments. Intestinal clostridium count reduced (P < 0.05) and lactobacillus count increased (P < 0.05) in the intestine and caecum of broilers fed the diet supplemented CL and those fed EPCL supplemented diet. Intestinal coliform and salmonella count reduced (P < 0.05) for broilers fed the diet supplemented EP and those fed the EPCL supplemented diet. Dietary supplementation of EPCL resulted in the highest (P < 0.05) body weight (BW, 2551.38 g), dressing percentage (DP, 81.68%), and percentage of breast muscle (20.01%). Supplementation of EP, CL, and EPCL in the diet of broilers resulted in higher (P < 0.05) spleen weight while dietary supplementation of EP and EPCL resulted in higher (P < 0.05) thymus weight. Clostridium count was reduced (P < 0.05) in the meat of broilers fed the diet supplemented CL and EPCL and the lowest (P < 0.05) salmonella count was observed in the meat of broilers fed the diet supplemented with EPCL. In conclusion, the current study reveals that dietary supplementation with EP and CL composite improves nutrient digestibility, gut microflora, and dressing percentage with reduced meat microbial load of broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abimbola Oladele Oso
- Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Livestock Production, Federal University of Agriculture, PMB 2240 Ogun State, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | | | - Wasiu Ajani Olayemi
- Department of Agricultural Technology, Yaba College of Technology, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Obafemi Foluso Akinjute
- Department of Animal Physiology, College of Animal Science and Livestock Production, Federal University of Agriculture, PMB 2240 Ogun State, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - Adebayo Adewunmi Isaque
- Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Livestock Production, Federal University of Agriculture, PMB 2240 Ogun State, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - Oluwaseyi Kudirat Williams
- Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Livestock Production, Federal University of Agriculture, PMB 2240 Ogun State, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - Joshua Olumide Ogunrombi
- Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Livestock Production, Federal University of Agriculture, PMB 2240 Ogun State, Abeokuta, Nigeria
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Mishra AK, Kocábek T, Nath VS, Khan A, Matoušek J, Hazzouri KM, Sudalaimuthuasari N, Krofta K, Ludwig-Müller J, Amiri KMA. The multifaceted roles of R2R3 transcription factor HlMYB7 in the regulation of flavonoid and bitter acids biosynthesis, development and biotic stress tolerance in hop (Humulus lupulus L.). PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 197:107636. [PMID: 36958151 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Hop (Humulus lupulus) biosynthesizes the highly economically valuable secondary metabolites, which include flavonoids, bitter acids, polyphenols and essential oils. These compounds have important pharmacological properties and are widely implicated in the brewing industry owing to bittering flavor, floral aroma and preservative activity. Our previous studies documented that ternary MYB-bHLH-WD40 (MBW) and binary WRKY1-WD40 (WW) protein complexes transcriptionally regulate the accumulation of bitter acid (BA) and prenylflavonoids (PF). In the present study, we investigated the regulatory functions of the R2R3-MYB repressor HlMYB7 transcription factor, which contains a conserved N-terminal domain along with the repressive motif EAR, in regulating the PF- and BA-biosynthetic pathway and their accumulation in hop. Constitutive expression of HlMYB7 resulted in transcriptional repression of structural genes involved in the terminal steps of biosynthesis of PF and BA, as well as stunted growth, delayed flowering, and reduced tolerance to viroid infection in hop. Furthermore, yeast two-hybrid and transient reporter assays revealed that HlMYB7 targets both PF and BA pathway genes and suppresses MBW and WW protein complexes. Heterologous expression of HlMYB7 leads to down-regulation of structural genes of flavonoid pathway in Arabidopsis thaliana, including a decrease in anthocyanin content in Nicotiana tabacum. The combined results from functional and transcriptomic analyses highlight the important role of HlMYB7 in fine-tuning and balancing the accumulation of secondary metabolites at the transcriptional level, thus offer a plausible target for metabolic engineering in hop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Kumar Mishra
- Khalifa Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Tomáš Kocábek
- Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Branišovská 31, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic.
| | - Vishnu Sukumari Nath
- Khalifa Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ahamed Khan
- Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Branišovská 31, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Matoušek
- Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Branišovská 31, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Khaled M Hazzouri
- Khalifa Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Naganeeswaran Sudalaimuthuasari
- Khalifa Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Karel Krofta
- Hop Research Institute, Co. Ltd, Kadaňská 2525, 438 46, Žatec, Czech Republic
| | | | - Khaled M A Amiri
- Khalifa Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, 15551, United Arab Emirates.
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Sanyal R, M M, Pandey S, Nandi S, Biswas P, Dewanjee S, Gopalakrishnan AV, Jha NK, Jha SK, Joshee N, Pandey DK, Dey A, Shekhawat MS. Biotechnological interventions and production of galanthamine in Crinum spp. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 107:2155-2167. [PMID: 36922438 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12444-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Genus Crinum L. is a member of the Amaryllidaceae family having beautiful, huge, ornamental plants with umbels of lily-like blooms that are found in tropical and subtropical climates all over the world. For thousands of years, Crinum has been used as a traditional medicine to treat illnesses and disorders. Numerous distinct alkaloids of the Amaryllidaceae group, whose most well-known properties include analgesic, anticholinergic, antitumor, and antiviral, have recently been discovered by phytochemical analyses. However, because of decades of overexploitation for their economically significant bioactive ingredients and poor seed viability and germination rates, these plants are now threatened in their native environments. Because of these factors, researchers are investigating micropropagation techniques to optimize phytochemicals in vitro. This review's objective is to offer details on the distribution, phytochemistry, micropropagation, in vitro galanthamine synthesis, and pharmacology which will help to design biotechnological techniques for the preservation, widespread multiplication, and required secondary metabolite production from Crinum spp. KEY POINTS: • Botanical description and phytochemical profile of Crinum spp. • In vitro micropropagation method of Crinum sp. • Bioactive compound galanthamine isolation techniques and its pharmacological properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupa Sanyal
- Department of Botany, Bhairab Ganguly College (affiliated to West Bengal State University), Kolkata, West Bengal, 700056, India
| | - Manokari M
- Department of Botany, Siddha Clinical Research Unit, Central Council for Research in Siddha, Palayamkottai, Tamil Nadu, Chennai, 627002, India
| | - Sharmila Pandey
- Department of Botany, Bhairab Ganguly College (affiliated to West Bengal State University), Kolkata, West Bengal, 700056, India
| | - Saheli Nandi
- Department of Botany, Bhairab Ganguly College (affiliated to West Bengal State University), Kolkata, West Bengal, 700056, India
| | - Protha Biswas
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, College Street, Kolkata, 700073, India
| | - Saikat Dewanjee
- Advanced Pharmacognosy Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700032, India
| | - Abilash Valsala Gopalakrishnan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| | - Niraj Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201310, India
- Department of Biotechnology Engineering and Food Technology, Chandigarh University, Mohali, 140413, India
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied & Life Sciences (SALS), Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, 248007, India
| | - Saurabh Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201310, India
- Department of Biotechnology Engineering and Food Technology, Chandigarh University, Mohali, 140413, India
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied & Life Sciences (SALS), Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, 248007, India
| | - Nirmal Joshee
- Agricultural Research Station, Fort Valley State University, Fort Valley, GA, 31088, USA
| | - Devendra Kumar Pandey
- Department of Biotechnology, Lovely Professional University Punjab, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Abhijit Dey
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, College Street, Kolkata, 700073, India.
| | - Mahipal S Shekhawat
- Biotechnology Unit, Kanchi Mamunivar Government Institute for Postgraduate Studies and Research, -605008, Puducherry, India.
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Liu H, Chen S, Wu X, Li J, Xu C, Huang M, Wang H, Liu H, Zhao Z. Identification of the NAC Transcription Factor Family during Early Seed Development in Akebia trifoliata ( Thunb.) Koidz. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1518. [PMID: 37050144 PMCID: PMC10096588 DOI: 10.3390/plants12071518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to gain an understanding of the possible function of NACs by examining their physicochemical properties, structure, chromosomal location, and expression. Being a family of plant-specific transcription factors, NAC (petunia no apical meristem and Arabidopsis thaliana ATAF1, ATAF2, and CUC2) is involved in plant growth and development. None of the NAC genes has been reported in Akebia trifoliata (Thunb.) Koidz (A. trifoliata). In this study, we identified 101 NAC proteins (AktNACs) in the A. trifoliata genome by bioinformatic analysis. One hundred one AktNACs were classified into the following twelve categories based on the phylogenetic analysis of NAC protein: NAC-a, NAC-b, NAC-c, NAC-d, NAC-e, NAC-f, NAC-g, NAC-h, NAC-i, NAC-j, NAC-k, and NAC-l. The accuracy of the clustering results was demonstrated based on the gene structure and conserved motif analysis of AktNACs. In addition, we identified 44 pairs of duplication genes, confirming the importance of purifying selection in the evolution of AktNACs. The morphology and microstructure of early A. trifoliata seed development showed that it mainly underwent rapid cell division, seed enlargement, embryo formation and endosperm development. We constructed AktNACs co-expression network and metabolite correlation network based on transcriptomic and metabolomic data of A. trifoliata seeds. The results of the co-expression network showed that 25 AtNAC genes were co-expressed with 233 transcription factors. Metabolite correlation analysis showed that 23 AktNACs were highly correlated with 28 upregulated metabolites. Additionally, 25 AktNACs and 235 transcription factors formed co-expression networks with 141 metabolites, based on correlation analysis involving AktNACs, transcription factors, and metabolites. Notably, AktNAC095 participates in the synthesis of 35 distinct metabolites. Eight of these metabolites, strongly correlated with AktNAC095, were upregulated during early seed development. These studies may provide insight into the evolution, possible function, and expression of AktNACs genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijuan Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Guizhou Key Laboratory of Propagation and Cultivation on Medicinal Plants, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Songshu Chen
- Guizhou Key Laboratory of Propagation and Cultivation on Medicinal Plants, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Xiaomao Wu
- Guizhou Key Laboratory of Propagation and Cultivation on Medicinal Plants, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Jinling Li
- Guizhou Key Laboratory of Propagation and Cultivation on Medicinal Plants, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Cunbin Xu
- College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Guizhou Key Laboratory of Propagation and Cultivation on Medicinal Plants, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Mingjin Huang
- Guizhou Key Laboratory of Propagation and Cultivation on Medicinal Plants, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Hualei Wang
- Guizhou Key Laboratory of Propagation and Cultivation on Medicinal Plants, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Hongchang Liu
- Guizhou Key Laboratory of Propagation and Cultivation on Medicinal Plants, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Zhi Zhao
- Guizhou Key Laboratory of Propagation and Cultivation on Medicinal Plants, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
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Kisiel A, Krzemińska A, Cembrowska-Lech D, Miller T. Data Science and Plant Metabolomics. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13030454. [PMID: 36984894 PMCID: PMC10054611 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13030454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The study of plant metabolism is one of the most complex tasks, mainly due to the huge amount and structural diversity of metabolites, as well as the fact that they react to changes in the environment and ultimately influence each other. Metabolic profiling is most often carried out using tools that include mass spectrometry (MS), which is one of the most powerful analytical methods. All this means that even when analyzing a single sample, we can obtain thousands of data. Data science has the potential to revolutionize our understanding of plant metabolism. This review demonstrates that machine learning, network analysis, and statistical modeling are some techniques being used to analyze large quantities of complex data that provide insights into plant development, growth, and how they interact with their environment. These findings could be key to improving crop yields, developing new forms of plant biotechnology, and understanding the relationship between plants and microbes. It is also necessary to consider the constraints that come with data science such as quality and availability of data, model complexity, and the need for deep knowledge of the subject in order to achieve reliable outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kisiel
- Institute of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Szczecin, Wąska 13, 71-415 Szczecin, Poland
- Polish Society of Bioinformatics and Data Science BIODATA, Popiełuszki 4c, 71-214 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Adrianna Krzemińska
- Polish Society of Bioinformatics and Data Science BIODATA, Popiełuszki 4c, 71-214 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Danuta Cembrowska-Lech
- Polish Society of Bioinformatics and Data Science BIODATA, Popiełuszki 4c, 71-214 Szczecin, Poland
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Institute of Biology, University of Szczecin, Felczaka 3c, 71-412 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Tymoteusz Miller
- Institute of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Szczecin, Wąska 13, 71-415 Szczecin, Poland
- Polish Society of Bioinformatics and Data Science BIODATA, Popiełuszki 4c, 71-214 Szczecin, Poland
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Singh NK, Baranwal J, Pati S, Barse B, Khan RH, Kumar A. Application of plant products in the synthesis and functionalisation of biopolymers. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 237:124174. [PMID: 36990405 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
The burning of plastic trash contributes significantly to the problem of air pollution. Consequently, a wide variety of toxic gases get released into the atmosphere. It is of the utmost importance to develop biodegradable polymers that retain the same characteristics as those obtained from petroleum. In order to decrease the effect that these issues have on the world around us, we need to focus our attention on specific alternative sources capable of biodegrading in their natural environments. Biodegradable polymers have garnered much attention since they can break down through the processes carried out by living creatures. Biopolymers' applications are growing due to their non-toxic nature, biodegradability, biocompatibility, and environmental friendliness. In this regard, we examined numerous methods used to manufacture biopolymers and the critical components from which they get their functional properties. In recent years, economic and environmental concerns have reached a tipping point, increasing production based on sustainable biomaterials. This paper examines plant-based biopolymers as a good resource with potential applications in both biological and non-biological sectors. Scientists have devised various biopolymer synthesis and functionalization techniques to maximize its utility in various applications. In conclusion, recent developments in the functionalization of biopolymers through various plant products and their applications are discussed.
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A Comprehensive Review on the Biological, Agricultural and Pharmaceutical Properties of Secondary Metabolites Based-Plant Origin. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043266. [PMID: 36834673 PMCID: PMC9959544 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural products are compounds produced by living organisms and can be divided into two main categories: primary (PMs) and secondary metabolites (SMs). Plant PMs are crucial for plant growth and reproduction since they are directly involved in living cell processes, whereas plant SMs are organic substances directly involved in plant defense and resistance. SMs are divided into three main groups: terpenoids, phenolics and nitrogen-containing compounds. The SMs contain a variety of biological capabilities that can be used as flavoring agents, food additives, plant-disease control, strengthen plant defenses against herbivores and, additionally, it can help plant cells to be better adapted to the physiological stress response. The current review is mainly focusing on certain key elements related to the significance, biosynthesis, classification, biochemical characterization and medical/pharmaceutical uses of the major categories of plant SMs. In addition, the usefulness of SMs in controlling plant diseases, boosting plant resistance and as potential natural, safe, eco-friendly substitutes for chemosynthetic pesticides were also reported in this review.
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Dwyer JT. Have safety and efficacy assessments of bioactives come of age? Mol Aspects Med 2023; 89:101103. [PMID: 35853784 PMCID: PMC9841065 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2022.101103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
This article describes why the safety and efficacy assessment of non-nutrient bioactives for reducing chronic disease risk is so complicated, especially for dietary supplements and traditional medicines. Scientists, regulators, and the public have different and sometimes opposing perspectives about bioactives. Drug, food, and traditional medicine models used for bioactive safety assessment are based on different assumptions and use different processes. Efficacy assessment is seldom based on clinical trials of boactives' effects in reducing chronic disease risk. It usually consists of application of quality assurance measures and evaluation of label claims and commercial speech about ingredients or products to ensure conformity to regulations. Harmonization of safety and efficacy assessment on a global basis is difficult because of differences within and between regulatory systems. The recommendations provided may open the way for bioactives to play a larger health role in the future, fill gaps in data needed for crafting authoritative dietary guidance on intakes, and speed harmonization of global standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna T Dwyer
- Office of Dietary Supplements, National Institutes of Health, 6705 Rockledge Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA; U.S. Department of Agriculture, Jean Mayer Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, 02111, USA.
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Jia X, Wang Y, Zhao J, Gao Y, Zhang C, Feng X, Ding X. Effect of Glomus mosseae, cadmium, and elevated air temperature on main flavonoids and phenolic acids contents in alfalfa. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:44819-44832. [PMID: 36697987 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-25506-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Global warming and heavy metal-contaminated soils co-occur in natural ecosystems. Flavonoids and phenolic acids in plants have significant antioxidant activity and free radical scavenging ability, which can quickly increase under adverse environments. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) colonization can affect the synthesis of flavonoids and phenolic acids in host plants. This study focused on the main effect of Glomus mosseae, cadmium (Cd, 8 mg kg-1 dry soils), and elevated temperature (ET, + 3 °C) on main flavonoids and phenolic acids in 120-d Medicago sativa L. (alfalfa). Elevated temperature decreased G. mosseae colonization ratio by 49.5% under Cd exposure. Except for p-hydroxybenzoic acid, flavonoids and phenolic acids content in shoots increased (p < 0.05) under G. mosseae + Cd relative to Cd only. G. mosseae and Cd showed significant effects on rutin, quercetin, apigenin, liquiritigenin, gallic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, p-coumaric acid, and ferulic acid, and G. mosseae colonization led to increases in these compounds by 41.7%, 35.4%, 32.2%, 267.8%, 84.7%, 33.5%, 102.8%, and 89.4%, respectively, under ET + Cd. Carbon, N, and Cd in alfalfa and G. mosseae colonization rate were significant factors on flavonoids and phenolic acids accumulation. Additionally, P content in shoots significantly influenced flavonoids content. G. mosseae inoculation significantly stimulated the synthesis of main flavonoids and phenolic acids in alfalfa shoots under ET + Cd, which was helpful to understand the regulation of AMF on non-enzyme antioxidant system of plants grown in heavy metal-contaminated soils under global change scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Jia
- Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region of Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Land Consolidation, School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, No. 126, Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710054, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yunjie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region of Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Land Consolidation, School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, No. 126, Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710054, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiamin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region of Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Land Consolidation, School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, No. 126, Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710054, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunfeng Gao
- School of Land Engineering, Chang'an University, No. 126, Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710054, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunyan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region of Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Land Consolidation, School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, No. 126, Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710054, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojuan Feng
- Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region of Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Land Consolidation, School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, No. 126, Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710054, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyi Ding
- Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region of Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Land Consolidation, School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, No. 126, Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710054, People's Republic of China
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Tang W, Arisha MH, Zhang Z, Yan H, Kou M, Song W, Li C, Gao R, Ma M, Wang X, Zhang Y, Li Z, Li Q. Comparative transcriptomic and proteomic analysis reveals common molecular factors responsive to heat and drought stresses in sweetpotaoto ( Ipomoea batatas). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 13:1081948. [PMID: 36743565 PMCID: PMC9892860 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1081948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Crops are affected by various abiotic stresses, among which heat (HT) and drought (DR) stresses are the most common in summer. Many studies have been conducted on HT and DR, but relatively little is known about how drought and heat combination (DH) affects plants at molecular level. Methods Here, we investigated the responses of sweetpotato to HT, DR, and DH stresses by RNA-seq and data-independent acquisition (DIA) technologies, using controlled experiments and the quantification of both gene and protein levels in paired samples. Results Twelve cDNA libraries were created under HT, DR, and DH conditions and controls. We identified 536, 389, and 907 DEGs in response to HT, DR, and DH stresses, respectively. Of these, 147 genes were common and 447 were specifically associated with DH stress. Proteomic analysis identified 1609, 1168, and 1535 DEPs under HT, DR, and DH treatments, respectively, compared with the control, of which 656 were common and 358 were exclusive to DH stress. Further analysis revealed the DEGs/DEPs were associated with heat shock proteins, carbon metabolism, phenylalanine metabolism, starch and cellulose metabolism, and plant defense, amongst others. Correlation analysis identified 6465, 6607, and 6435 co-expressed genes and proteins under HT, DR, and DH stresses respectively. In addition, a combined analysis of the transcriptomic and proteomic data identified 59, 35, and 86 significantly co-expressed DEGs and DEPs under HT, DR, and DH stresses, respectively. Especially, top 5 up-regulated co-expressed DEGs and DEPs (At5g58770, C24B11.05, Os04g0679100, BACOVA_02659 and HSP70-5) and down-regulated co-expressed DEGs and DEPs (AN3, PMT2, TUBB5, FL and CYP98A3) were identified under DH stress. Discussion This is the first study of differential genes and proteins in sweetpotato under DH stress, and it is hoped that the findings will assist in clarifying the molecular mechanisms involved in sweetpotato resistance to heat and drought stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Tang
- Xuzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences in Jiangsu Xuhuai District/Sweetpotato Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Breeding of Sweetpotato, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Xuzhou, China
- Institute of Integrative Plant Biology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Phylogenomics and Comparative Genomics, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Mohamed Hamed Arisha
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Sharkia, Egypt
| | - Zhenyi Zhang
- Institute of Integrative Plant Biology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Phylogenomics and Comparative Genomics, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Hui Yan
- Xuzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences in Jiangsu Xuhuai District/Sweetpotato Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Breeding of Sweetpotato, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Xuzhou, China
| | - Meng Kou
- Xuzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences in Jiangsu Xuhuai District/Sweetpotato Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Breeding of Sweetpotato, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Xuzhou, China
| | - Weihan Song
- Xuzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences in Jiangsu Xuhuai District/Sweetpotato Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Breeding of Sweetpotato, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Xuzhou, China
| | - Chen Li
- Xuzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences in Jiangsu Xuhuai District/Sweetpotato Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Breeding of Sweetpotato, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Xuzhou, China
| | - Runfei Gao
- Xuzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences in Jiangsu Xuhuai District/Sweetpotato Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Breeding of Sweetpotato, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Xuzhou, China
| | - Meng Ma
- Xuzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences in Jiangsu Xuhuai District/Sweetpotato Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Breeding of Sweetpotato, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Xuzhou, China
- Institute of Integrative Plant Biology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Phylogenomics and Comparative Genomics, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Xuzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences in Jiangsu Xuhuai District/Sweetpotato Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Breeding of Sweetpotato, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yungang Zhang
- Xuzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences in Jiangsu Xuhuai District/Sweetpotato Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Breeding of Sweetpotato, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Xuzhou, China
| | - Zongyun Li
- Institute of Integrative Plant Biology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Phylogenomics and Comparative Genomics, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Xuzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences in Jiangsu Xuhuai District/Sweetpotato Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Breeding of Sweetpotato, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Xuzhou, China
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Joshi PR, Pandey S, Maharjan L, Pant B. Micropropagation and assessment of genetic stability of Dendrobium transparens Wall. Ex Lindl. using RAPD and ISSR markers. FRONTIERS IN CONSERVATION SCIENCE 2023. [DOI: 10.3389/fcosc.2022.1083933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
IntroductionDendrobium species have been widely used for many health disorders since ancient times. However, due to unrelenting collection to meet the increasing demand for their use in medication and other health products, the natural habitats of medicinal Dendrobium transparens have been devastated and are on the verge of extinction.MethodsAn efficient in-vitro propagation protocol for Dendrobium transparens using seed derived protocorms was established and genetic homogeneity of the in-vitro regenerants and the wild plant was studied. ResultsThe maximum seed germination was observed in Full strength Murashige and Skoog medium (FMS). Induction of protocorms were achieved on basal as well as half-strength MS medium. The highest number of shoot (11.9 shoots/explant) was achieved in half MS medium fortified with 100 mL/L coconut water in addition with Benzyl amino purine (BAP) 1 mg/L and Kinetin 2 mg/L. Further, elongated shoots were transferred to full and half strength MS root initiating medium supplemented with different concentration of auxins. However, a maximum of (8.3 ± 0.6, 4.9 ± 0.1 cm) roots were achieved in full MS medium fortified with 100 mL/L coconut water and Napthalene acetic acid (NAA) 1.5 mg/L. Ten rapid Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and Inter Simple Sequence Repeats (ISSR) primers were used to analyze genetic stability among in-vitro and mother plant. RAPD primers produced a total of 23 fragments while ISSR primers produced a total of 16 fragments. ConclusionThe amplified bands of all the samples of in-vitro plants were similar to bands of mother plant. The present research reported here is indicating the applicability of tissue culture for true-to-type plant production and conservation of D. transperens.
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Amtaghri S, Eddouks M. Study of the Antihypertensive and Vasorelaxant Activities of Haloxylon scoparium in Rats. Cardiovasc Hematol Agents Med Chem 2023; 21:139-153. [PMID: 36017835 DOI: 10.2174/1871525720666220823163542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The work aimed to study the antihypertensive ability of Haloxylon scoparium. BACKGROUND Haloxylon scoparium Pomel is used to treat various diseases, including hypertension. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the antihypertensive effect of Haloxylon scoparium (H. scoparium) in hypertensive rats, and to evaluate its probable vasorelaxant activity. MATERIALS AND METHODS The aqueous extract of Haloxylon scoparium (AEHS) was prepared and used to investigate its antihypertensive ability in L-NAME(Nω-L-arginine methyl ester)-induced hypertensive rats, and its vasorelaxant activity was studied on the isolated thoracic aorta of rats. The acute and subchronic effects of (AEHS) on blood pressure parameters were evaluated after oral administration of AEHS (60 and 100 mg/kg body weight) for 6 h for the acute experiment and for 7 days for the subchronic test. RESULTS The results indicated that AEHS decreased blood pressure parameters (systolic, mean, and diastolic blood pressure) after repeated oral administration in hypertensive rats without affecting normal rats. In addition, AEHS (375-1250 μg/mL) revealed a vasorelaxant effect in thoracic aortic rings precontracted with norepinephrine (NE) (10 μM) or KCl (80 mM). This effect was partially decreased in the presence of nifedipine by inhibition of the vascular calcium channel pathway in isolated rat thoracic aorta. CONCLUSION The study demonstrates the beneficial effect of Haloxylon scoparium as an antihypertensive agent. Moreover, this plant exerts vasorelaxant activity via the blockade of Ca2+ channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smail Amtaghri
- Faculty of Sciences and Techniques Errachidia, Moulay Ismail University of Meknes, BP 509, Boutalamine, Errachidia, 52000, Morocco
| | - Mohamed Eddouks
- Faculty of Sciences and Techniques Errachidia, Moulay Ismail University of Meknes, BP 509, Boutalamine, Errachidia, 52000, Morocco
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Serseg T, Benarous K, Serseg M, Rehman HM, El Bakri Y, Goumri-Said S. Discovery of inhibitors against SARS-CoV-2 associated fungal coinfections via virtual screening, ADMET evaluation, PASS, molecular docking, dynamics and pharmacophore studies. ARAB JOURNAL OF BASIC AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/25765299.2022.2126588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Talia Serseg
- Natural Sciences department, Ecole Normale Supérieure Taleb Abderrahmane, Laghouat, Algeria
- Fundamental Sciences Laboratory, Amar Telidji University, Laghouat, Algeria
| | - Khedidja Benarous
- Fundamental Sciences Laboratory, Amar Telidji University, Laghouat, Algeria
- Biology department, Amar Telidji University, Laghouat, Algeria
| | - Menaouar Serseg
- Laboratory of Hematology, Central Hospital of Army, Ain Naadja, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Hafiz Muzzammel Rehman
- School of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
- Alnoorians Group of Institutes 55-Elahi Bukhsh Park, Amir Road, Shad Bagh, Shad Bagh, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Youness El Bakri
- Department of Theoretical and Applied Chemistry, South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk, Russian Federation
| | - Souraya Goumri-Said
- College of Science, Physics Department, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Sharma D, Shree B, Kumar S, Kumar V, Sharma S, Sharma S. Stress induced production of plant secondary metabolites in vegetables: Functional approach for designing next generation super foods. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2022; 192:252-272. [PMID: 36279745 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Plant secondary metabolites are vital for human health leading to the gain the access to natural products. The quality of crops is the result of the interaction of different biotic and abiotic factors. Abiotic stresses during plant growth may reduce the crop performance and quality of the produce. However, abiotic stresses can result in numerous physiological, biochemical, and molecular responses in plants, aiming to deal with these conditions. Abiotic stresses are also elicitors of the biosynthesis of plant secondary metabolites in plants which possess plant defense mechanisms as well as human health benefits such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidative properties etc. Plants either synthesize new compounds or alter the concentration of bioactive compounds. Due to increasing attention towards the production of bioactive compounds, the understanding of crop responses to abiotic stresses in relation to the biosynthesis of bioactive compounds is critical. Plants alter their metabolism at the genetic level in response to different abiotic stresses resulting the changes in secondary metabolite production. Transcriptional factors regulate genes responsible for secondary metabolite biosynthesis in several plants under stress conditions. Understanding the signaling pathways involved in the secondary metabolite biosynthesis has become easy with the use of molecular biology. Therefore, aim of writing the review is to focus on secondary metabolite production in vegetable crops, their health benefits and transcription regulation under various abiotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepika Sharma
- MS Swaminathan School of Agriculture, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, 173229, HP, India
| | - Bharti Shree
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, CSK HPKV, Palampur, 176062, HP, India
| | - Satish Kumar
- Dr. YS Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, 173230, HP, India.
| | - Vikas Kumar
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, 141027, India
| | - Shweta Sharma
- MS Swaminathan School of Agriculture, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, 173229, HP, India.
| | - Shivam Sharma
- Department of Vegetable Science, CSK HPKV, Palampur, 176062, HP, India
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Ramírez-Torres CE, Espinosa-Gómez FC, Morales-Mávil JE, Reynoso-Cruz JE, Laska M, Hernández-Salazar LT. Influence of tannic acid concentration on the physicochemical characteristics of saliva of spider monkeys ( Ateles geoffroyi). PeerJ 2022; 10:e14402. [PMID: 36452077 PMCID: PMC9703984 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Tannins are a chemical defense mechanism of plants consumed by herbivores. Variations in salivary physicochemical characteristics such as pH, total protein concentration (TP), and presence of proline-rich proteins (PRPs) in animals have been reported as a mechanism to protect the oral cavity when consuming food with variations in pH and tannins. Variations in salivary physiochemistry as adaptations for consuming tannin-rich foods have been found in omnivorous and folivorous primates, but have not yet been reported in frugivorous species such as spider monkeys. We therefore assessed changes in pH using test strips, TP concentration by measuring absorbance at 595 nm in a spectrophotometer and salivary PRPs using the SDS-PAGE electrophoresis technique in the saliva of nine captive spider monkeys in response to the consumption of solutions with different concentrations of tannic acid. The results showed variations in pH, TP concentration and the presence and variation of possible salivary PRPs associated with tannic acid concentration. These findings suggest that spider monkeys may tailor their salivary physicochemical characteristics in response to the ingestion of potentially toxic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fabiola Carolina Espinosa-Gómez
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Popular Autonóma del Estado de Puebla (UPAEP), Puebla, Puebla, México
| | | | | | - Matthias Laska
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden, Sweden
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Mohaddab M, El Goumi Y, Gallo M, Montesano D, Zengin G, Bouyahya A, Fakiri M. Biotechnology and In Vitro Culture as an Alternative System for Secondary Metabolite Production. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27228093. [PMID: 36432194 PMCID: PMC9697480 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27228093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Medicinal plants are rich sources of bioactive compounds widely used as medicaments, food additives, perfumes, and agrochemicals. These secondary compounds are produced under stress conditions to carry out physiological tasks in plants. Secondary metabolites have a complex chemical structure with pharmacological properties. The widespread use of these metabolites in a lot of industrial sectors has raised the need to increase the production of secondary metabolites. Biotechnological methods of cell culture allow the conservation of plants, as well as the improvement of metabolite biosynthesis and the possibility to modify the synthesis pathways. The objective of this review is to outline the applications of different in vitro culture systems with previously reported relevant examples for the optimal production of plant-derived secondary metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marouane Mohaddab
- Laboratory of Agrifood and Health, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Hassan First University of Settat, BP 577, Settat 26000, Morocco
| | - Younes El Goumi
- Polyyvalent Team in R&D, Higher School of Technology of Fkih Ben Salah, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, USMS, Beni Mellal 23000, Morocco
| | - Monica Gallo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, via Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.G.); (A.B.)
| | - Domenico Montesano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Gokhan Zengin
- Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, Konya 42130, Turkey
| | - Abdelhakim Bouyahya
- Laboratory of Human Pathologies Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat 10106, Morocco
- Correspondence: (M.G.); (A.B.)
| | - Malika Fakiri
- Laboratory of Agrifood and Health, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Hassan First University of Settat, BP 577, Settat 26000, Morocco
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