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Liu Y, Wang X, Li G, Chen S, Jia H, Dai J, He D. Investigating the Impact of Fasting and Refeeding on Blood Biochemical Indicators and Transcriptional Profiles in the Hypothalamus and Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue in Geese. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:2746. [PMID: 39335335 PMCID: PMC11428393 DOI: 10.3390/ani14182746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2024] [Revised: 09/14/2024] [Accepted: 09/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Fasting and refeeding systems can cause significant short-term fluctuations in nutrient and energy levels, triggering adaptive physiological responses in animals. This study examines the effects of fasting and refeeding on blood biochemical indicators and transcriptional profiles in the hypothalamus and subcutaneous adipose tissue of geese. Biochemical assays reveal that fasting significantly increases levels of free fatty acids and glucagon, while reducing concentrations of triglycerides, leptin, and insulin. Transcriptomic analyses identify a complex transcriptional response in both the hypothalamus and subcutaneous adipose tissue, affecting several metabolic pathways and key genes associated with feed intake and energy metabolism. In subcutaneous adipose tissue, fasting downregulates genes involved in fatty acid synthesis (LPL, SCD, and ACSL1) and upregulates PLIN2, a gene promoting lipid droplet degradation. Fasting affects a variety of metabolic pathways and critical genes in the hypothalamus, including Apelin, insulin, and mTOR signaling pathways. After fasting, the mRNA expression of NOG, GABRD, and IGFBP-1 genes in the hypothalamus are significantly upregulated, while proopiomelanocortin (POMC) gene expression is markedly downregulated. This study highlights the intricate biological responses to nutritional changes in geese, which adds to our understanding of energy balance and metabolic regulation in avian species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Liu
- Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China
| | - Xianze Wang
- Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China
| | - Guangquan Li
- Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China
| | - Shufang Chen
- Ningbo Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ningbo 315101, China
| | - Huiyan Jia
- Ningbo Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ningbo 315101, China
| | - Jiuli Dai
- Ningbo Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ningbo 315101, China
| | - Daqian He
- Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China
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2
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Baccari MC, Vannucchi MG, Idrizaj E. The Possible Involvement of Glucagon-like Peptide-2 in the Regulation of Food Intake through the Gut-Brain Axis. Nutrients 2024; 16:3069. [PMID: 39339669 PMCID: PMC11435434 DOI: 10.3390/nu16183069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2024] [Revised: 09/05/2024] [Accepted: 09/10/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Food intake regulation is a complex mechanism involving the interaction between central and peripheral structures. Among the latter, the gastrointestinal tract represents one of the main sources of both nervous and hormonal signals, which reach the central nervous system that integrates them and sends the resulting information downstream to effector organs involved in energy homeostasis. Gut hormones released by nutrient-sensing enteroendocrine cells can send signals to central structures involved in the regulation of food intake through more than one mechanism. One of these is through the modulation of gastric motor phenomena known to be a source of peripheral satiety signals. In the present review, our attention will be focused on the ability of the glucagon-like peptide 2 (GLP-2) hormone to modulate gastrointestinal motor activity and discuss how its effects could be related to peripheral satiety signals generated in the stomach and involved in the regulation of food intake through the gut-brain axis. A better understanding of the possible role of GLP-2 in regulating food intake through the gut-brain axis could represent a starting point for the development of new strategies to treat some pathological conditions, such as obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Caterina Baccari
- Department of Experimental & Clinical Medicine, Section of Physiological Sciences, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy;
| | - Maria Giuliana Vannucchi
- Department of Experimental & Clinical Medicine, Research Unit of Histology & Embryology, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy;
| | - Eglantina Idrizaj
- Department of Experimental & Clinical Medicine, Section of Physiological Sciences, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy;
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3
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Helal M, Ahmed M, Ragab M, Ateya A, Sakr S. Association of single nucleotide polymorphisms in Neuropeptide Y (NPY) and Phosphoglycerate Mutase 2 (PGAM2) genes with growth traits in rabbits. Trop Anim Health Prod 2024; 56:239. [PMID: 39133441 PMCID: PMC11319371 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-024-04085-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
Genetic improvement of local rabbit breeds using modern approaches such as marker-assisted selection requires accurate and precise information about marker‒trait associations in animals with different genetic backgrounds. Therefore, this study was designed to estimate the association between two mutations located in the Neuropeptide Y (NPY, g.1778G > C) and Phosphoglycerate Mutase 2 (PGAM2, c.195 C > T) genes in New Zealand White (NZW), Baladi (BR), and V-line rabbits. The first mutation was genotyped using high-resolution melting, and the second mutation was genotyped using the PCR-RFLP method. The results revealed significant associations between the NPY mutation and body weight at 10 (V-line) and 12 weeks of age (NZW, BR, and V-line), body weight gain (BWG) from 10 to 12 weeks of age (BR), BWG from 6 to 12 weeks of age (NZW, BR, and V-line), average daily gain (NZW, BR, and V-line, and BR), growth rate (GR) from 8 to10 weeks (V-line), 10 to 12 weeks (BR), and GR from 6 to 12 weeks of age (BR, and V-line). The PGAM2 mutation was associated with body weight at 10 (V-line) and 12 (NZW, and V-line) weeks of age, with significant positive additive effects at 12 weeks of age in all breeds, and was associated with BWG from 8 to 10 and 10 to 12 in BR, and BWG from 6 to 12 weeks of age (NZW, and BR), and average daily gain (NZW, and BR), and was associated with GR form 8 to 10 weeks (BR), from10 to 12 weeks (BR, and V-line) and from 6 to 12 weeks (BR). The results highlighted the importance of the two mutations in growth development, and the possibility of considering them as candidate genes for late growth in rabbits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Helal
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt.
| | - Marwa Ahmed
- Department of Animal Production, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Ragab
- Poultry Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Department, National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology (INIA), Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - Ahmed Ateya
- Department of Development of Animal Wealth, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Shimaa Sakr
- Department of Development of Animal Wealth, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
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Fields L, Vu NQ, Dang TC, Yen HC, Ma M, Wu W, Gray M, Li L. EndoGenius: Optimized Neuropeptide Identification from Mass Spectrometry Datasets. J Proteome Res 2024; 23:3041-3051. [PMID: 38426863 PMCID: PMC11296898 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.3c00758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Neuropeptides represent a unique class of signaling molecules that have garnered much attention but require special consideration when identifications are gleaned from mass spectra. With highly variable sequence lengths, neuropeptides must be analyzed in their endogenous state. Further, neuropeptides share great homology within families, differing by as little as a single amino acid residue, complicating even routine analyses and necessitating optimized computational strategies for confident and accurate identifications. We present EndoGenius, a database searching strategy designed specifically for elucidating neuropeptide identifications from mass spectra by leveraging optimized peptide-spectrum matching approaches, an expansive motif database, and a novel scoring algorithm to achieve broader representation of the neuropeptidome and minimize reidentification. This work describes an algorithm capable of reporting more neuropeptide identifications at 1% false-discovery rate than alternative software in five Callinectes sapidus neuronal tissue types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Fields
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Nhu Q Vu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Tina C Dang
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 777 Highland Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Hsu-Ching Yen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 433 Babcock Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Min Ma
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 777 Highland Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Wenxin Wu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Mitchell Gray
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Lingjun Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 777 Highland Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
- Lachman Institute for Pharmaceutical Development, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
- Wisconsin Center for NanoBioSystems, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
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Seitz J, Lahaye E, Andreani NA, Thomas B, Takhlidjt S, Chartrel N, Herpertz-Dahlmann B, Baines JF, Fetissov SO. Long-Term Dynamics of Serum α-MSH and α-MSH-Binding Immunoglobulins with a Link to Gut Microbiota Composition in Patients with Anorexia Nervosa. Neuroendocrinology 2024; 114:907-920. [PMID: 38852579 PMCID: PMC11460951 DOI: 10.1159/000539316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Immunoglobulins (Ig) reactive with α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH), an anorexigenic neuropeptide, are present in humans and were previously associated with eating disorders. In this longitudinal study involving patients with anorexia nervosa (AN), we determined whether α-MSH in serum is bound to IgG and analyzed long-term dynamics of both α-MSH peptide and α-MSH-reactive Ig in relation to changes in BMI and gut microbiota composition. METHODS The study included 64 adolescents with a restrictive form of AN, whose serum samples were collected at hospital admission, discharge, and during a 1-year follow-up visit and 41 healthy controls, all females. RESULTS We found that in both study groups, approximately 40% of serum α-MSH was reversibly bound to IgG and that levels of α-MSH-reactive IgG but not of α-MSH peptide in patients with AN were low at hospital admission but recovered 1 year later. Total IgG levels were also low at admission. Moreover, BMI-standard deviation score correlated positively with α-MSH IgG in both groups studied but negatively with α-MSH peptide only in controls. Significant correlations between the abundance of specific bacterial taxa in the gut microbiota and α-MSH peptide and IgG levels were found in both study groups, but they were more frequent in controls. CONCLUSION We conclude that IgG in the blood plays a role as an α-MSH-binding protein, whose characteristics are associated with BMI in both patients with AN and controls. Furthermore, the study suggests that low production of α-MSH-reactive IgG during the starvation phase in patients with AN may be related to altered gut microbiota composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jochen Seitz
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University Hospital, RWTH University Aachen, Aachen, Germany
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, LVR-University Hospital, Essen, Germany
| | - Emilie Lahaye
- Regulatory Peptides – Energy Metabolism and Motivated Behavior Team, Neuroendocrine, Endocrine and Germinal Differentiation and Communication Laboratory, Inserm UMR1239, University of Rouen Normandie, Rouen, France
| | - Nadia Andrea Andreani
- Guest Group Evolutionary Medicine, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, Plön, Germany
- Section of Evolutionary Medicine, Institute for Experimental Medicine, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Benjamin Thomas
- Regulatory Peptides – Energy Metabolism and Motivated Behavior Team, Neuroendocrine, Endocrine and Germinal Differentiation and Communication Laboratory, Inserm UMR1239, University of Rouen Normandie, Rouen, France
| | - Saloua Takhlidjt
- Regulatory Peptides – Energy Metabolism and Motivated Behavior Team, Neuroendocrine, Endocrine and Germinal Differentiation and Communication Laboratory, Inserm UMR1239, University of Rouen Normandie, Rouen, France
| | - Nicolas Chartrel
- Regulatory Peptides – Energy Metabolism and Motivated Behavior Team, Neuroendocrine, Endocrine and Germinal Differentiation and Communication Laboratory, Inserm UMR1239, University of Rouen Normandie, Rouen, France
| | - Beate Herpertz-Dahlmann
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University Hospital, RWTH University Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - John F. Baines
- Guest Group Evolutionary Medicine, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, Plön, Germany
- Section of Evolutionary Medicine, Institute for Experimental Medicine, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Sergueï O. Fetissov
- Regulatory Peptides – Energy Metabolism and Motivated Behavior Team, Neuroendocrine, Endocrine and Germinal Differentiation and Communication Laboratory, Inserm UMR1239, University of Rouen Normandie, Rouen, France
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Thorson JF, Prezotto LD. Malnutrition alters protein expression of KNDy neuropeptides in the arcuate nucleus of mature ewes. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1372944. [PMID: 38911326 PMCID: PMC11190783 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1372944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The neuropeptides kisspeptin, neurokinin B, and dynorphin A are imperative for the pulsatile secretion of gonadotropin-releasing hormone and luteinizing hormone to ultimately regulate reproductive cyclicity. A population of neurons co-expressing these neuropeptides, KNDy neurons, within the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus (ARC) are positioned to integrate energy status from afferent neuronal and glial cells. We hypothesized that KNDy-expressing neurons in the ARC of mature ewes are influenced by energy balance. To test this hypothesis, ovary-intact, mature ewes were fed to lose, maintain, or gain body weight and hypothalamic tissue harvested during the luteal phase of the estrous cycle. Fluorescent, multiplex immunohistochemistry with direct antibody conjugation was employed to identify and quantify neurons expressing a single neuropeptide, as well as for the first time report co-expression of kisspeptin, neurokinin B, and dynorphin A protein in the ARC. Previous reports using this population of ewes demonstrated that concentrations of insulin and leptin differed between ewes fed to achieve different body weights and that ewes fed to gain body weight had increased concentrations of progesterone. Moreover, within this population of ewes tanycyte density and cellular penetration into the ARC was increased in ewes fed to gain body weight. Within the current report we have revealed that the number of neurons in the ARC expressing kisspeptin, neurokinin B, and dynorphin A protein was increased in ewes fed to gain body weight. Moreover, the number of KNDy neurons in the ARC expressing all three neuropeptides within a single neuron was decreased in ewes fed to lose body weight and increased in ewes fed to gain body weight when compared to ewes fed to maintain body weight. The cumulative findings of this experimental model suggest that expression of kisspeptin, neurokinin B, and dynorphin A protein in the ARC during the luteal phase of the estrous cycle are influenced by energy balance-induced alterations in circulating concentrations of progesterone that drive changes in morphology and density of tanycytes to ultimately regulate central perception of global energy status. Moreover, these results demonstrate that changes in KNDy neurons within the ARC occur as an adaptation to energy balance, potentially regulated divergently by metabolic milieu via proopiomelanocortin afferents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer F. Thorson
- Nutrition, Growth and Physiology Research Unit, U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Clay Center, United States
| | - Ligia D. Prezotto
- Physiology Laboratory, Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, United States
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7
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Dietzsch AN, Al-Hasani H, Altschmied J, Bottermann K, Brendler J, Haendeler J, Horn S, Kaczmarek I, Körner A, Krause K, Landgraf K, Le Duc D, Lehmann L, Lehr S, Pick S, Ricken A, Schnorr R, Schulz A, Strnadová M, Velluva A, Zabri H, Schöneberg T, Thor D, Prömel S. Dysfunction of the adhesion G protein-coupled receptor latrophilin 1 (ADGRL1/LPHN1) increases the risk of obesity. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:103. [PMID: 38664368 PMCID: PMC11045723 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01810-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity is one of the diseases with severe health consequences and rapidly increasing worldwide prevalence. Understanding the complex network of food intake and energy balance regulation is an essential prerequisite for pharmacological intervention with obesity. G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are among the main modulators of metabolism and energy balance. They, for instance, regulate appetite and satiety in certain hypothalamic neurons, as well as glucose and lipid metabolism and hormone secretion from adipocytes. Mutations in some GPCRs, such as the melanocortin receptor type 4 (MC4R), have been associated with early-onset obesity. Here, we identified the adhesion GPCR latrophilin 1 (ADGRL1/LPHN1) as a member of the regulating network governing food intake and the maintenance of energy balance. Deficiency of the highly conserved receptor in mice results in increased food consumption and severe obesity, accompanied by dysregulation of glucose homeostasis. Consistently, we identified a partially inactivating mutation in human ADGRL1/LPHN1 in a patient suffering from obesity. Therefore, we propose that LPHN1 dysfunction is a risk factor for obesity development.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Nguyen Dietzsch
- Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Hadi Al-Hasani
- Institute for Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Medical Faculty, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Joachim Altschmied
- Cardiovascular Degeneration, Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical Faculty, University Hospital and Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Cardiovascular Research Institute (CARID), Medical Faculty, University Hospital and Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Katharina Bottermann
- Cardiovascular Research Institute (CARID), Medical Faculty, University Hospital and Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute of Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital and Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jana Brendler
- Institute of Anatomy, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Judith Haendeler
- Cardiovascular Degeneration, Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical Faculty, University Hospital and Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Cardiovascular Research Institute (CARID), Medical Faculty, University Hospital and Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Susanne Horn
- Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Isabell Kaczmarek
- Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Antje Körner
- Center for Pediatric Research, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kerstin Krause
- Department of Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kathrin Landgraf
- Center for Pediatric Research, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Diana Le Duc
- Institute of Human Genetics, Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Laura Lehmann
- Institute of Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Stefan Lehr
- Institute for Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Medical Faculty, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Stephanie Pick
- Institute of Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Albert Ricken
- Institute of Anatomy, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Rene Schnorr
- Institute of Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Angela Schulz
- Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Martina Strnadová
- Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Akhil Velluva
- Institute of Human Genetics, Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Heba Zabri
- Institute of Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital and Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Torsten Schöneberg
- Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
- School of Medicine, University of Global Health Equity, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Doreen Thor
- Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Simone Prömel
- Institute of Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
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Aljubouri TRS, Al-Shuhaib MBS. A missense SNP in the proopiomelanocortin (POMC) gene is associated with growth traits in Awassi and Karakul sheep. Anim Biotechnol 2023; 34:4837-4850. [PMID: 37071507 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2023.2197469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted to assess the association between proopiomelanocortin (POMC) gene and growth traits in Awassi and Karakul sheep. PCR-single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) method was utilized to assess the polymorphism of POMC PCR amplicons with body weight and length, wither and rump height, chest and abdominal circumference measured at birth, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months intervals. Only one missense SNP (rs424417456:C > A) was detected in exon-2, in which glycine was converted to cysteine in the 65th position in POMC (p.65Gly > Cys). rs424417456 SNP showed significant associations with all growth traits in the third, sixth, ninth, and twelfth months. At the age of 3 months onward, lambs with CC genotype showed higher body weight, body length, wither and rump heights, and chest and abdominal circumferences than lambs with CA and AA genotypes, respectively. Prediction analyses indicated a deleterious effect of p.65Gly > Cys on POMC structure, function, and stability. Owing to the strong correlation between rs424417456:CC and better growth characteristics, this genotype is proposed as a promising marker to enhance growth traits in Awassi and Karakul sheep. The predicted damaging effects caused by rs424417456:CA and rs424417456:AA genotypes may entail a putative mechanism through which lambs with these genotypes exhibit lower growth traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thamer R S Aljubouri
- Department of Animal Production, College of Agriculture, Al-Qasim Green University, Babil, Iraq
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9
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Scariot PPM, Papoti M, Polisel EEC, Orsi JB, Van Ginkel PR, Prolla TA, Manchado-Gobatto FB, Gobatto CA. Living high - training low model applied to C57BL/6J mice: Effects on physiological parameters related to aerobic fitness and acid-base balance. Life Sci 2023; 317:121443. [PMID: 36709910 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
There is a scarcity of data regarding the acclimation to high altitude (hypoxic environment) accompanied by training at low altitude (normoxic conditions), the so-called "living high-training low" (LHTL) model in rodents. We aimed to investigate the effects of aerobic training on C57BL/6J mice living in normoxic (NOR) or hypoxic (HYP) environments on several parameters, including critical velocity (CV), a parameter regarded as a measure of aerobic capacity, on monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs) in muscles and hypothalamus, as well as on hematological parameters and body temperature. In each environment, mice were divided into non-trained (N) and trained (T). Forty rodents were distributed into the following experimental groups (N-NOR; T-NOR; N-HYP and T-HYP). HYP groups were in a normobaric tent where oxygen-depleted air was pumped from a hypoxia generator set an inspired oxygen fraction [FiO2] of 14.5 %. The HYP-groups were kept (18 h per day) in a normobaric tent for consecutive 8-weeks. Training sessions were conducted in normoxic conditions ([FiO2] = 19.5 %), 5 times per week (40 min per session) at intensity equivalent to 80 % of CV. In summary, eight weeks of LHTL did not promote a greater improvement in the CV, protein expression of MCTs in different tissues when compared to the application of training alone. The LHTL model increased red blood cells count, but reduced hemoglobin per erythrocyte was found in mice exposed to LHTL. Although the LHTL did not have a major effect on thermographic records, exercise-induced hyperthermia (in the head) was attenuated in HYP groups when compared to NOR groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Paulo Menezes Scariot
- Laboratory of Applied Sport Physiology, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Papoti
- School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Juan Bordon Orsi
- Laboratory of Applied Sport Physiology, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, SP, Brazil
| | - Paul R Van Ginkel
- Department of Genetics & Medical Genetics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Tomas A Prolla
- Department of Genetics & Medical Genetics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | | | - Claudio Alexandre Gobatto
- Laboratory of Applied Sport Physiology, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, SP, Brazil.
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10
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Monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs) in skeletal muscle and hypothalamus of less or more physically active mice exposed to aerobic training. Life Sci 2022; 307:120872. [PMID: 35948119 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The synthesis of monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs) can be stimulated by aerobic training, but few is known about this effect associated or not with non-voluntary daily activities. We examined the effect of eight weeks of aerobic training in MCTs on the skeletal muscle and hypothalamus of less or more physically active mice, which can be achieved by keeping them in two different housing models, a small cage (SC) and a large cage (LC). MAIN METHODS Forty male C57BL/6J mice were divided into four groups. In each housing condition, mice were divided into untrained (N) and trained (T). For 8 weeks, the trained animals ran on a treadmill with an intensity equivalent to 80 % of the individual critical velocity (CV), considered aerobic capacity, 40 min/day, 5 times/week. Protein expression of MCTs was determined with fluorescence Western Blot. KEY FINDINGS T groups had higher hypothalamic MCT2 than N groups (ANOVA, P = 0.032). Significant correlations were detected between hypothalamic MCT2 and CV. There was a difference between the SC and LC groups in relation to MCT4 in the hypothalamus (LC > SC, P = 0.044). Trained mice housed in LC (but not SC-T) exhibited a reduction in MCT4 muscle (P < 0.001). SIGNIFICANCE Our findings indicate that aerobically trained mice increased the expression of MCT2 protein in the hypothalamus, which has been related to the uptake of lactate in neurons. Changes in energy metabolism in physically active mice (kept in LC) may be related to upregulation of hypothalamic MCT4, probably participating in the regulation of satiety.
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11
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Chan-Andersen PC, Romanova EV, Rubakhin SS, Sweedler JV. Profiling 26,000 Aplysia californica neurons by single cell mass spectrometry reveals neuronal populations with distinct neuropeptide profiles. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102254. [PMID: 35835221 PMCID: PMC9396074 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropeptides are a chemically diverse class of cell-to-cell signaling molecules that are widely expressed throughout the central nervous system, often in a cell-specific manner. While cell-to-cell differences in neuropeptides is expected, it is often unclear how exactly neuropeptide expression varies among neurons. Here we created a microscopy-guided, high-throughput single cell matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry approach to investigate the neuropeptide heterogeneity of individual neurons in the central nervous system of the neurobiological model Aplysia californica, the California sea hare. In all, we analyzed more than 26,000 neurons from 18 animals and assigned 866 peptides from 66 prohormones by mass matching against an in silico peptide library generated from known Aplysia prohormones retrieved from the UniProt database. Louvain-Jaccard (LJ) clustering of mass spectra from individual neurons revealed 40 unique neuronal populations, or LJ clusters, each with a distinct neuropeptide profile. Prohormones and their related peptides were generally found in single cells from ganglia consistent with the prohormones' previously known ganglion localizations. Several LJ clusters also revealed the cellular colocalization of behaviorally related prohormones, such as an LJ cluster exhibiting achatin and neuropeptide Y, which are involved in feeding, and another cluster characterized by urotensin II, small cardiac peptide, sensorin A, and FRFa, which have shown activity in the feeding network or are present in the feeding musculature. This mass spectrometry-based approach enables the robust categorization of large cell populations based on single cell neuropeptide content and is readily adaptable to the study of a range of animals and tissue types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter C Chan-Andersen
- Department of Chemistry and the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Elena V Romanova
- Department of Chemistry and the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Stanislav S Rubakhin
- Department of Chemistry and the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Jonathan V Sweedler
- Department of Chemistry and the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA.
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12
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Phung HM, Jang D, Trinh TA, Lee D, Nguyen QN, Kim CE, Kang KS. Regulation of appetite-related neuropeptides by Panax ginseng: A novel approach for obesity treatment. J Ginseng Res 2022; 46:609-619. [PMID: 35818423 PMCID: PMC9270656 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2022.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a primary factor provoking various chronic disorders, including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and cancer, and causes the death of 2.8 million individuals each year. Diet, physical activity, medications, and surgery are the main therapies for overweightness and obesity. During weight loss therapy, a decrease in energy stores activates appetite signaling pathways under the regulation of neuropeptides, including anorexigenic [corticotropin-releasing hormone, proopiomelanocortin (POMC), cholecystokinin (CCK), and cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript] and orexigenic [agouti-related protein (AgRP), neuropeptide Y (NPY), and melanin-concentrating hormone] neuropeptides, which increase food intake and lead to failure in attaining weight loss goals. Ginseng and ginsenosides reverse these signaling pathways by suppressing orexigenic neuropeptides (NPY and AgRP) and provoking anorexigenic neuropeptides (CCK and POMC), which prevent the increase in food intake. Moreover, the results of network pharmacology analysis have revealed that constituents of ginseng radix, including campesterol, beta-elemene, ginsenoside Rb1, biotin, and pantothenic acid, are highly correlated with neuropeptide genes that regulate energy balance and food intake, including ADIPOQ, NAMPT, UBL5, NUCB2, LEP, CCK, GAST, IGF1, RLN1, PENK, PDYN, and POMC. Based on previous studies and network pharmacology analysis data, ginseng and its compounds may be a potent source for obesity treatment by regulating neuropeptides associated with appetite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung Manh Phung
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongyeop Jang
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Tuy An Trinh
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Donghun Lee
- Department of Herbal Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Quynh Nhu Nguyen
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Eop Kim
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Sung Kang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam-si, Republic of Korea
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13
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The Influence of Ketone Bodies on Circadian Processes Regarding Appetite, Sleep and Hormone Release: A Systematic Review of the Literature. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14071410. [PMID: 35406023 PMCID: PMC9002750 DOI: 10.3390/nu14071410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Chrononutrition is an emerging branch of chronobiology focusing on the profound interactions between biological rhythms and metabolism. This framework suggests that, just like all biological processes, even nutrition follows a circadian pattern. Recent findings elucidated the metabolic roles of circadian clocks in the regulation of both hormone release and the daily feeding–fasting cycle. Apart from serving as energy fuel, ketone bodies play pivotal roles as signaling mediators and drivers of gene transcription, promoting food anticipation and loss of appetite. Herein we provide a comprehensive review of the literature on the effects of the ketogenic diets on biological processes that follow circadian rhythms, among them appetite, sleep, and endocrine function.
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14
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Yang Y, He Y, Liu H, Zhou W, Wang C, Xu P, Cai X, Liu H, Yu K, Pei Z, Hyseni I, Fukuda M, Tong Q, Xu J, Sun Z, O'Malley BW, Xu Y. Hypothalamic steroid receptor coactivator-2 regulates adaptations to fasting and overnutrition. Cell Rep 2021; 37:110075. [PMID: 34879284 PMCID: PMC8715676 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.110075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The neuroendocrine system coordinates metabolic and behavioral adaptations to fasting, including reducing energy expenditure, promoting counterregulation, and suppressing satiation and anxiety to engage refeeding. Here, we show that steroid receptor coactivator-2 (SRC-2) in pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons is a key regulator of all these responses to fasting. POMC-specific deletion of SRC-2 enhances the basal excitability of POMC neurons; mutant mice fail to efficiently suppress energy expenditure during food deprivation. SRC-2 deficiency blunts electric responses of POMC neurons to glucose fluctuations, causing impaired counterregulation. When food becomes available, these mutant mice show insufficient refeeding associated with enhanced satiation and discoordination of anxiety and food-seeking behavior. SRC-2 coactivates Forkhead box protein O1 (FoxO1) to suppress POMC gene expression. POMC-specific deletion of SRC-2 protects mice from weight gain induced by an obesogenic diet feeding and/or FoxO1 overexpression. Collectively, we identify SRC-2 as a key molecule that coordinates multifaceted adaptive responses to food shortage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjie Yang
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Yanlin He
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Hailan Liu
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Wenjun Zhou
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Chunmei Wang
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Pingwen Xu
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Xing Cai
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Hesong Liu
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Kaifan Yu
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Zhou Pei
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ilirjana Hyseni
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Makoto Fukuda
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Qingchun Tong
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jianming Xu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Zheng Sun
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Bert W O'Malley
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yong Xu
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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15
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Wang XJ, Li D, Jiao HC, Zhao JP, Lin H. Lipopolysaccharide inhibits hypothalamic Agouti-related protein gene expression via activating mechanistic target of rapamycin signaling in chicks. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2021; 313:113876. [PMID: 34371009 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2021.113876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induces profound anorexia in birds. However, the neuronal regulatory network underlying LPS-provoked anorexia is unclear. To determine whether any cross talk occurs among hypothalamic mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) and LPS in the regulation of appetite, we performed an intracerebroventricular injection of rapamycin (an mTOR inhibitor) on LPS-treated chicks. The results indicate that peripheral administrations of LPS decreased the agouti-related protein (AgRP) mRNA level, but increased the phosphorylated mTOR and nuclear factor-кB (NF-кB) protein level. Blocking mTOR significantly attenuated LPS-induced anorexia, AgRP suppression, and p-NF-кB increase. Thus, the results suggest that LPS causes anorexia via the mTOR-AgRP signaling pathway, and mTOR signaling is also associated with the regulation of LPS in p-NF-кB.
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Affiliation(s)
- X J Wang
- Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong Key Lab for Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control, Taian, Shandong 271018, China
| | - D Li
- Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong Key Lab for Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control, Taian, Shandong 271018, China
| | - H C Jiao
- Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong Key Lab for Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control, Taian, Shandong 271018, China
| | - J P Zhao
- Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong Key Lab for Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control, Taian, Shandong 271018, China
| | - H Lin
- Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong Key Lab for Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control, Taian, Shandong 271018, China.
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16
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Monfared RV, Alhassen W, Truong TM, Gonzales MAM, Vachirakorntong V, Chen S, Baldi P, Civelli O, Alachkar A. Transcriptome Profiling of Dysregulated GPCRs Reveals Overlapping Patterns across Psychiatric Disorders and Age-Disease Interactions. Cells 2021; 10:2967. [PMID: 34831190 PMCID: PMC8616384 DOI: 10.3390/cells10112967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) play an integral role in the neurobiology of psychiatric disorders. Almost all neurotransmitters involved in psychiatric disorders act through GPCRs, and GPCRs are the most common targets of therapeutic drugs currently used in the treatment of psychiatric disorders. However, the roles of GPCRs in the etiology and pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders are not fully understood. Using publically available datasets, we performed a comprehensive analysis of the transcriptomic signatures of G-protein-linked signaling across the major psychiatric disorders: autism spectrum disorder (ASD), schizophrenia (SCZ), bipolar disorder (BP), and major depressive disorder (MDD). We also used the BrainSpan transcriptomic dataset of the developing human brain to examine whether GPCRs that exhibit chronological age-associated expressions have a higher tendency to be dysregulated in psychiatric disorders than age-independent GPCRs. We found that most GPCR genes were differentially expressed in the four disorders and that the GPCR superfamily as a gene cluster was overrepresented in the four disorders. We also identified a greater amplitude of gene expression changes in GPCRs than other gene families in the four psychiatric disorders. Further, dysregulated GPCRs overlapped across the four psychiatric disorders, with SCZ exhibiting the highest overlap with the three other disorders. Finally, the results revealed a greater tendency of age-associated GPCRs to be dysregulated in ASD than random GPCRs. Our results substantiate the central role of GPCR signaling pathways in the etiology and pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders. Furthermore, our study suggests that common GPCRs' signaling may mediate distinct phenotypic presentations across psychiatric disorders. Consequently, targeting these GPCRs could serve as a common therapeutic strategy to treat specific clinical symptoms across psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roudabeh Vakil Monfared
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; (R.V.M.); (W.A.); (T.M.T.); (M.A.M.G.); (V.V.); (O.C.)
| | - Wedad Alhassen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; (R.V.M.); (W.A.); (T.M.T.); (M.A.M.G.); (V.V.); (O.C.)
| | - Tri Minh Truong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; (R.V.M.); (W.A.); (T.M.T.); (M.A.M.G.); (V.V.); (O.C.)
| | - Michael Angelo Maglalang Gonzales
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; (R.V.M.); (W.A.); (T.M.T.); (M.A.M.G.); (V.V.); (O.C.)
| | - Vincent Vachirakorntong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; (R.V.M.); (W.A.); (T.M.T.); (M.A.M.G.); (V.V.); (O.C.)
| | - Siwei Chen
- Department of Computer Science, School of Information and Computer Sciences, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; (S.C.); (P.B.)
- Institute for Genomics and Bioinformatics, School of Information and Computer Sciences, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Pierre Baldi
- Department of Computer Science, School of Information and Computer Sciences, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; (S.C.); (P.B.)
- Institute for Genomics and Bioinformatics, School of Information and Computer Sciences, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Olivier Civelli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; (R.V.M.); (W.A.); (T.M.T.); (M.A.M.G.); (V.V.); (O.C.)
| | - Amal Alachkar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; (R.V.M.); (W.A.); (T.M.T.); (M.A.M.G.); (V.V.); (O.C.)
- Institute for Genomics and Bioinformatics, School of Information and Computer Sciences, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
- Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
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17
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Cao C, Tachibana T, Gilbert ER, Cline MA. Prostaglandin E2-induced anorexia involves hypothalamic brain-derived neurotrophic factor and ghrelin in chicks. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2021; 156:106574. [PMID: 34102274 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2021.106574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Central administration of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is associated with potent anorexia in rodents and chicks, although hypothalamic mechanisms are not fully understood. The objective of the present study was to identify hypothalamic nuclei and appetite-related factors that are involved in this anorexigenic effect, using chickens as a model. Intracerebroventricular injection of 2.5, 5, and 10 nmol of PGE2 suppressed food and water intake in broiler chicks in a dose-dependent manner. c-Fos immunoreactivity was increased in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) at 60 min post injection of 5 nmol of PGE2. Under the same treatment condition, hypothalamic expression of melanocortin receptor 3 and ghrelin mRNAs increased, whereas neuropeptide Y receptor sub-type 5 and tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB) mRNAs decreased in PGE2-treated chicks. In the PVN, chicks injected with PGE2 had more brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), ghrelin, and c-Fos mRNA but less corticotrophin-releasing factor receptor 1 (CRFR1), CRFR2, and TrkB mRNA expression. In conclusion, PGE2 injection resulted in decreased food and water intake that likely involves BDNF and ghrelin originating in the PVN. Because the anorexigenic effect is so potent and hypothalamic mechanisms are similar in chickens and rodents, a greater understanding of the role of PGE2 in acute appetite regulation may have implications for treating eating and metabolic disorders in humans.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Anorexia/chemically induced
- Anorexia/metabolism
- Ghrelin/pharmacology
- Ghrelin/metabolism
- Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor/metabolism
- Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor/genetics
- Chickens
- Dinoprostone/metabolism
- Hypothalamus/metabolism
- Hypothalamus/drug effects
- Male
- Eating/drug effects
- Receptor, trkB/metabolism
- Receptor, trkB/genetics
- Receptors, Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone/metabolism
- Receptors, Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos/metabolism
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos/genetics
- Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus/metabolism
- Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus/drug effects
- Receptor, Melanocortin, Type 3/metabolism
- Receptor, Melanocortin, Type 3/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Cao
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | | | - Elizabeth R Gilbert
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Mark A Cline
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA.
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18
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Xi S, Zhai X, Wang Y, Gong Y, Fu B, Gao C, Guo X, Li Y, Wang Z, Huang S, Lu D, Zhao Y, Qian L, Wang Y. The Ciji-Hua'ai-Baosheng II Formula Attenuates Chemotherapy-Induced Anorexia in Mice With H 22 Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:715824. [PMID: 34489705 PMCID: PMC8416666 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.715824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Ciji-Hua’ai-Baosheng II Formula (CHB-II-F) is a traditional Chinese medicine formula, which specifically targets different aspects of chemotherapy-induced adverse effects in patients with cancer. In our clinical application, CHB-II-F significantly alleviated chemotherapy-induced anorexia (loss of appetite) and improved the quality of life for patients with tumor during and after chemotherapy. However, the mechanism of CHB-II-F in alleviation of chemotherapy-induced anorexia remains to be further investigated. Aim of Study: To explore the therapeutic effect and mechanism of CHB-II-F on chemotherapy-induced anorexia in the mice model of H22 hepatoma. Materials and Methods: A total of 72 Kunming mice of SPF grade were inoculated subcutaneously with H22 hepatoma cells into the right anterior armpit of the mice. After 1 week of seeding, mice were injected intraperitoneally with a high dose of 5-fluorouracil (200 mg/kg 5-FU) to establish the model of chemotherapy. The mice were randomly divided into six groups: untreated group, 5-FU group, 5-FU plus Yangzheng Xiaoji capsule (YZXJC) group, and three groups of 5-FU plus different concentrations of CHB-II-F. All the mice in each group were treated for 14 days. The body weight, food intake, tumor volume, and tumor weight of mice were measured, and pathological examinations of tumor tissue, stomach, and duodenum were carried out. Expressions of serum Leptin, Neuropeptide Y (NPY), epidermal cell growth factor (EGF), Motilin (MTL), Orexin A (OXA), Gastrin (GAS), Ghrelin, Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and jejunum superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) content were examined. The protein and mRNA levels of proopiomelanocortin (POMC), Orexin receptor 1 (OX1R), neuropeptide Y (NPY), cocaine and amphetamine regulated transcript peptide (CART), Agouti gene-related protein (AgRP), Leptin receptor (Ob-R), and Ghrelin receptor (GHSR) were examined in hypothalamus, and the protein levels of substance P (SP) and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) in duodenum were measured. Results: The combination of CHB-II-F and 5-FU could enhance the inhibitory effect of 5-FU on tumor. The tumor inhibition rates of 5-FU group, YZXJC group, CHB-II-F(H) group, CHB-II-F(M) group, and CHB-II-F(L) group were 58.88, 28.08, 54.96, 37.69, and 28.61%, respectively. Compared with untreated group and 5-FU group, CHB-II-F significantly increased the body weight and food intake of tumor-bearing mice; increased the content of NPY, Orexin A, Ghrelin, GAS, MTL, EGF, and PGE2 in serum and the activity of SOD in jejunum; and decreased the content of Leptin in serum and the content of MDA in jejunum. Compared with untreated group and 5-FU group, CHB-II-F also enhanced the expression of OX1R, GHSR, NPY, and AgRP protein and gene and decreased the expression of Ob-R, POMC, and CART protein and gene in hypothalamus of mice, and the gene expression was consistent with the protein expression. In addition, CHB-II-F decreased the expression of 5-HT and SP protein in duodenum. Conclusion: In the murine model of H22 hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) receiving chemotherapy, CHB-II-F enhances the inhibitory effect of 5-FU on tumor, significantly improves the pathological injury of gastrointestinal tract caused by chemotherapy, and regulates the secretion of gastrointestinal hormones. It may alleviate chemotherapy-induced anorexia by affecting appetite regulatory factors in the feeding area of hypothalamus central nervous system and peripheral appetite regulatory factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengyan Xi
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xiangyang Zhai
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yanan Wang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yuewen Gong
- College of Pharmacy, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Biqian Fu
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunling Gao
- Department of Radiotherapy, Chenggong Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xuehui Guo
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yunhong Li
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Shuqiong Huang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Dawei Lu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yufang Zhao
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Linchao Qian
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yanhui Wang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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Poivet E, Gallot A, Montagné N, Senin P, Monsempès C, Legeai F, Jacquin-Joly E. Transcriptome Profiling of Starvation in the Peripheral Chemosensory Organs of the Crop Pest Spodoptera littoralis Caterpillars. INSECTS 2021; 12:insects12070573. [PMID: 34201462 PMCID: PMC8303696 DOI: 10.3390/insects12070573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Starvation increases olfactory sensitivity in a manner that enhances the search for food in animals, including insects. However, the molecular mechanisms via which starvation modulates olfactory receptor neuron function are poorly understood. In this study, we sequenced and compared the whole transcriptomes of the main olfactory organs (antennae and palps) of fed and starved caterpillars from the species Spodoptera littoralis. We revealed that transcripts involved in several biological processes are regulated upon starvation. These processes include glucose metabolism, immune defense, foraging activity, and olfaction. In this last process, we evidenced regulation of chemosensory proteins and odorant-degrading enzymes, known to play a role in the dynamics and the sensitivity of the olfactory receptor neuron response. Our results identify new elements in the cascade of olfactory neuron modulation, in addition to insulin, GABA, and short neuropeptide F signaling. Abstract Starvation is frequently encountered by animals under fluctuating food conditions in nature, and response to it is vital for life span. Many studies have investigated the behavioral and physiological responses to starvation. In particular, starvation is known to induce changes in olfactory behaviors and olfactory sensitivity to food odorants, but the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. Here, we investigated the transcriptional changes induced by starvation in the chemosensory tissues of the caterpillar Spodoptera littoralis, using Illumina RNA sequencing. Gene expression profiling revealed 81 regulated transcripts associated with several biological processes, such as glucose metabolism, immune defense, response to stress, foraging activity, and olfaction. Focusing on the olfactory process, we observed changes in transcripts encoding proteins putatively involved in the peri-receptor events, namely, chemosensory proteins and odorant-degrading enzymes. Such modulation of their expression may drive fluctuations in the dynamics and the sensitivity of the olfactory receptor neuron response. In combination with the enhanced presynaptic activity mediated via the short neuropeptide F expressed during fasting periods, this could explain an enhanced olfactory detection process. Our observations suggest that a coordinated transcriptional response of peripheral chemosensory organs participates in the regulation of olfactory signal reception and olfactory-driven behaviors upon starvation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erwan Poivet
- Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences of Paris, INRAE, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, IRD, UPEC, Université de Paris, 78000 Versailles, France; (E.P.); (A.G.); (N.M.); (C.M.)
| | - Aurore Gallot
- Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences of Paris, INRAE, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, IRD, UPEC, Université de Paris, 78000 Versailles, France; (E.P.); (A.G.); (N.M.); (C.M.)
| | - Nicolas Montagné
- Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences of Paris, INRAE, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, IRD, UPEC, Université de Paris, 78000 Versailles, France; (E.P.); (A.G.); (N.M.); (C.M.)
| | - Pavel Senin
- IRISA, INRIA, CNRS, Université de Rennes, 35000 Rennes, France; (P.S.); (F.L.)
| | - Christelle Monsempès
- Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences of Paris, INRAE, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, IRD, UPEC, Université de Paris, 78000 Versailles, France; (E.P.); (A.G.); (N.M.); (C.M.)
| | - Fabrice Legeai
- IRISA, INRIA, CNRS, Université de Rennes, 35000 Rennes, France; (P.S.); (F.L.)
- IGEPP, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université de Rennes, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Emmanuelle Jacquin-Joly
- Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences of Paris, INRAE, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, IRD, UPEC, Université de Paris, 78000 Versailles, France; (E.P.); (A.G.); (N.M.); (C.M.)
- Correspondence:
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20
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Moro J, Chaumontet C, Even PC, Blais A, Piedcoq J, Gaudichon C, Tomé D, Azzout-Marniche D. Severe protein deficiency induces hepatic expression and systemic level of FGF21 but inhibits its hypothalamic expression in growing rats. Sci Rep 2021; 11:12436. [PMID: 34127689 PMCID: PMC8203610 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91274-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
To study, in young growing rats, the consequences of different levels of dietary protein deficiency on food intake, body weight, body composition, and energy balance and to assess the role of FGF21 in the adaptation to a low protein diet. Thirty-six weanling rats were fed diets containing 3%, 5%, 8%, 12%, 15% and 20% protein for three weeks. Body weight, food intake, energy expenditure and metabolic parameters were followed throughout this period. The very low-protein diets (3% and 5%) induced a large decrease in body weight gain and an increase in energy intake relative to body mass. No gain in fat mass was observed because energy expenditure increased in proportion to energy intake. As expected, Fgf21 expression in the liver and plasma FGF21 increased with low-protein diets, but Fgf21 expression in the hypothalamus decreased. Under low protein diets (3% and 5%), the increase in liver Fgf21 and the decrease of Fgf21 in the hypothalamus induced an increase in energy expenditure and the decrease in the satiety signal responsible for hyperphagia. Our results highlight that when dietary protein decreases below 8%, the liver detects the low protein diet and responds by activating synthesis and secretion of FGF21 in order to activate an endocrine signal that induces metabolic adaptation. The hypothalamus, in comparison, responds to protein deficiency when dietary protein decreases below 5%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Moro
- grid.460789.40000 0004 4910 6535UMR PNCA, AgroParisTech, INRAe, Université Paris-Saclay, 16 rue Claude Bernard, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Catherine Chaumontet
- grid.460789.40000 0004 4910 6535UMR PNCA, AgroParisTech, INRAe, Université Paris-Saclay, 16 rue Claude Bernard, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Patrick C. Even
- grid.460789.40000 0004 4910 6535UMR PNCA, AgroParisTech, INRAe, Université Paris-Saclay, 16 rue Claude Bernard, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Anne Blais
- grid.460789.40000 0004 4910 6535UMR PNCA, AgroParisTech, INRAe, Université Paris-Saclay, 16 rue Claude Bernard, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Julien Piedcoq
- grid.460789.40000 0004 4910 6535UMR PNCA, AgroParisTech, INRAe, Université Paris-Saclay, 16 rue Claude Bernard, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Claire Gaudichon
- grid.460789.40000 0004 4910 6535UMR PNCA, AgroParisTech, INRAe, Université Paris-Saclay, 16 rue Claude Bernard, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Daniel Tomé
- grid.460789.40000 0004 4910 6535UMR PNCA, AgroParisTech, INRAe, Université Paris-Saclay, 16 rue Claude Bernard, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Dalila Azzout-Marniche
- grid.460789.40000 0004 4910 6535UMR PNCA, AgroParisTech, INRAe, Université Paris-Saclay, 16 rue Claude Bernard, 75005 Paris, France
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21
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Radahmadi M, Izadi MS, Rayatpour A, Ghasemi M. ComparativeStudyofCRHMicroinjections Into PVN and CeA Nuclei on Food Intake, Ghrelin, Leptin, and Glucose Levels in Acute Stressed Rats. Basic Clin Neurosci 2021; 12:133-148. [PMID: 33995935 PMCID: PMC8114857 DOI: 10.32598/bcn.12.1.2346.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone (CRH) is involved in stress and energy homeostasis. On the other hand, CRH receptors also exist within the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and Central Amygdala (CeA) nuclei. The present study compared the effect of CRH microinjections into PVN and CeA on three consecutive hours and cumulative food intake, internal regulatory factors of food intake, such as serum leptin and ghrelin, as well as blood glucose levels in rats under different acute psychological (Social Stress [SS] and Isolation Stress [IS] group) stresses. Methods: Sixty-six male Wistar rats were randomly allocated to 11 groups: Control, Sham, CRH-PVN, CRH-CeA, SS, IS, SS-CRH-PVN, SS-CRH-CeA, IS-CRH-PVN, and IS-CRH-CeA groups. The CRH (2 µg/kg in 0.5 µL saline) was injected into PVN and CeA nuclei in rats under everyday, acute social stress and isolation stress conditions. Results: Acute isolation and social stresses did not affect cumulative food intake. Whereas isolation stress led to changes in both leptin and glucose levels, social stress reduced only glucose levels. Cumulative food intake significantly decreased under acute CRH injection into the CeA and particularly into the PVN. Blood glucose significantly reduced in all the groups receiving CRH into their CeA. Conclusion: The PVN played a more important role compared to CeA on food intake. These nuclei probably employ different mechanisms for their effects on food intake. Besides, it seems that exogenously CRH injection into the PVN probably had a more anorectic effect than naturally activated CRH by stresses. Acute isolation stress had a greater impact than social stress on leptin level and cumulative food intake. Thus, elevated food intake related to leptin compared to ghrelin and glucose levels in the CRH-PVN group under acute social stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Radahmadi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mina Sadat Izadi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Atefeh Rayatpour
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Maedeh Ghasemi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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22
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The Neural Network of Neuropeptide S (NPS): Implications in Food Intake and Gastrointestinal Functions. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14040293. [PMID: 33810221 PMCID: PMC8065993 DOI: 10.3390/ph14040293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The Neuropeptide S (NPS), a 20 amino acids peptide, is recognized as the endogenous ligand of a previously orphan G protein-coupled receptor, now termed NPS receptor (NPSR). The limited distribution of the NPS-expressing neurons in few regions of the brainstem is in contrast with the extensive expression of NPSR in the rodent central nervous system, suggesting the involvement of this receptor in several brain functions. In particular, NPS promotes locomotor activity, behavioral arousal, wakefulness, and unexpectedly, at the same time, it exerts anxiolytic-like properties. Intriguingly, the NPS system is implicated in the rewarding properties of drugs of abuse and in the regulation of food intake. Here, we focus on the anorexigenic effect of NPS, centrally injected in different brain areas, in both sated and fasted animals, fed with standard or palatable food, and, in addition, on its influence in the gastrointestinal tract. Further investigations, regarding the role of the NPS/NPSR system and its potential interaction with other neurotransmitters could be useful to understand the mechanisms underlying its action and to develop novel pharmacological tools for the treatment of aberrant feeding patterns and obesity.
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23
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Tolle V, Ramoz N, Epelbaum J. Is there a hypothalamic basis for anorexia nervosa? HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2021; 181:405-424. [PMID: 34238474 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-820683-6.00030-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The hypothalamus has long been known to control food intake and energy metabolism through a complex network of primary and secondary neurons and glial cells. Anorexia nervosa being a complex disorder characterized by abnormal feeding behavior and food aversion, it is thus quite surprising that not much is known concerning potential hypothalamic modifications in this disorder. In this chapter, we review the recent advances in the fields of genetics, epigenetics, structural and functional imaging, and brain connectivity, as well as neuroendocrine findings and emerging animal models, which have begun to unravel the importance of hypothalamic adaptive processes to our understanding of the pathology of eating disorders.
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24
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Zhang P, Wu X, Liang S, Shao X, Wang Q, Chen R, Zhu W, Shao C, Jin F, Jia C. A dynamic mouse peptidome landscape reveals probiotic modulation of the gut-brain axis. Sci Signal 2020; 13:13/642/eabb0443. [DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.abb0443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Certain probiotics have beneficial effects on the function of the central nervous system through modulation of the gut-brain axis. Here, we describe a dynamic landscape of the peptidome across multiple brain regions, modulated by oral administration of different probiotic species over various times. The spatiotemporal and strain-specific changes of the brain peptidome correlated with the composition of the gut microbiome. The hippocampus exhibited the most sensitive response to probiotic treatment. The administration of heat-killed probiotics altered the hippocampus peptidome but did not substantially change the gut microbiome. We developed a literature-mining algorithm to link the neuropeptides altered by probiotics with potential functional roles. We validated the probiotic-regulated role of corticotropin-releasing hormone by monitoring the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, the prenatal stress–induced hyperactivity of which was attenuated by probiotics treatment. Our findings provide evidence for modulation of the brain peptidome by probiotics and provide a resource for further studies of the gut-brain axis and probiotic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, National Center for Protein Sciences (The PHOENIX Center, Beijing), Beijing 102206, China
- School of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Hebei Province, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Xiaoli Wu
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Shan Liang
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Physiological and Metabolic Engineering, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xianfeng Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, National Center for Protein Sciences (The PHOENIX Center, Beijing), Beijing 102206, China
- Department of Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Qianqian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, National Center for Protein Sciences (The PHOENIX Center, Beijing), Beijing 102206, China
| | - Ruibing Chen
- Department of Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Weimin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, National Center for Protein Sciences (The PHOENIX Center, Beijing), Beijing 102206, China
| | - Chen Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, National Center for Protein Sciences (The PHOENIX Center, Beijing), Beijing 102206, China
| | - Feng Jin
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Chenxi Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, National Center for Protein Sciences (The PHOENIX Center, Beijing), Beijing 102206, China
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Brojeni MS, Nasseri F, Haghparast A, Eliassi A. Paraventricular nucleus-microinjected glucose increases food intake in 18 h food-deprived rats: A central regulatory mechanism on serum ghrelin and leptin levels. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 876:173073. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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26
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Folic acid content of diet during pregnancy determines post-birth re-set of metabolism in Wistar rat dams. J Nutr Biochem 2020; 83:108414. [PMID: 32544644 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2020.108414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Maternal metabolism begins to return to homeostasis (re-set) following birth and is accelerated by lactation. Delay in metabolic re-set may contribute to postpartum weight retention and later-life metabolic consequences. Folic acid (FA) is essential during pregnancy but inadequate intakes may alter 1-carbon metabolism, consequently affecting energy homeostatic systems. Our objectives were to examine the effects of FA content 1)below and 2)above requirements during pregnancy on the re-set of body weight, markers of hepatic 1-carbon metabolism and central and peripheral energy metabolic pathways in Wistar rat mothers early post-weaning (PW) compared to pregnant controls. Pregnant Wistar rats were fed an AIN-93G diet with FA at 0X, 1X (control, 2 mg FA/kg) or a range above requirements at 2.5X, 5X or 10X recommended levels then the control diet during lactation up to 1 week PW. Dams fed below (0X) or above (5X and 10X) FA requirements had delayed weight-loss from weaning up to 1 week PW, higher plasma insulin and HOMA-IR and changes in glucose and lipid metabolism-regulating genes in muscle, but not liver or adipose tissue compared to controls. Expression of folate-related genes in liver were lower in high FA fed dams. Central food intake neurons were not affected by FA diets. In conclusion, intakes of FA below (0X) or above (5X, 10X) requirements during pregnancy delayed weight-loss, dysregulated 1-carbon pathways in the liver and peripheral energy metabolic pathways in the Wistar rat mother up to 4 weeks after dietary exposure; potentially programming long-term negative metabolic effects and that of her future offspring.
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27
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The Neuropeptide System and Colorectal Cancer Liver Metastases: Mechanisms and Management. Int J Mol Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103494
expr 969553959 + 931886332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC), classified as the third most prevalent cancer worldwide, remains to be a clinical and research challenge. It is estimated that ~50% of CRC patients die from distant metastases, with treatment of this complication still posing significant difficulties. While liver metastasis (LM) cascade is known in the literature, its mechanisms are still unclear and remain studied in different research models. A connection is suggested between nervous system dysfunctions and a range of Neurotransmitters (Nts) (including Neuropeptides, NPs), Neurotrophins (Ntt) and their receptors (Rs) in CRC liver metastasis development. Studies on the role of NP/NP-Rs in the progression and metastasis of CRC, show the complexity of brain–tumor interactions, caused by their different forms of release to the extracellular environment (endocrine, autocrine, paracrine and neurocrine). Many stages of LM are connected to the activity of pro-inflammatory, e.g., Corticotropin-releasing Hormone Receptor 1 (CRHR1), Neuropeptide Y (NPY) and Neurotensin (NT), anti-inflammatory, e.g., Calcitonin Gene-related Peptide (CGRP), CRHR2 and Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide (VIP) or dual role neuropeptides, e.g., Substance P (SP). The regulation of the local immunological profile (e.g., CRH/CRHRs), dysfunctions of enteroprotective role of NPs on epithelial cells (e.g., NT/NT-R), as well as structural-functional changes in enteric nervous system innervation of the tumor are also important. More research is needed to understand the exact mechanisms of communication between the neurons and tumor cells. The knowledge on the mechanisms regulating tumor growth and different stages of metastasis, as well as effects of the action of a numerous group of Nts/NPs/Ntt as growth factors, have implications for future therapeutic strategies. To obtain the best treatment outcomes, it is important to use signaling pathways common for many NPs, as well to develop a range of broad-spectrum antagonists. This review aims to summarize the current knowledge on the importance of neuroactive molecules in the promotion of the invasion-metastasis cascade in CRC, as well as the improvements of clinical management of CRC liver metastasis.
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28
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The Neuropeptide System and Colorectal Cancer Liver Metastases: Mechanisms and Management. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21103494. [PMID: 32429087 PMCID: PMC7279011 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC), classified as the third most prevalent cancer worldwide, remains to be a clinical and research challenge. It is estimated that ~50% of CRC patients die from distant metastases, with treatment of this complication still posing significant difficulties. While liver metastasis (LM) cascade is known in the literature, its mechanisms are still unclear and remain studied in different research models. A connection is suggested between nervous system dysfunctions and a range of Neurotransmitters (Nts) (including Neuropeptides, NPs), Neurotrophins (Ntt) and their receptors (Rs) in CRC liver metastasis development. Studies on the role of NP/NP-Rs in the progression and metastasis of CRC, show the complexity of brain–tumor interactions, caused by their different forms of release to the extracellular environment (endocrine, autocrine, paracrine and neurocrine). Many stages of LM are connected to the activity of pro-inflammatory, e.g., Corticotropin-releasing Hormone Receptor 1 (CRHR1), Neuropeptide Y (NPY) and Neurotensin (NT), anti-inflammatory, e.g., Calcitonin Gene-related Peptide (CGRP), CRHR2 and Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide (VIP) or dual role neuropeptides, e.g., Substance P (SP). The regulation of the local immunological profile (e.g., CRH/CRHRs), dysfunctions of enteroprotective role of NPs on epithelial cells (e.g., NT/NT-R), as well as structural-functional changes in enteric nervous system innervation of the tumor are also important. More research is needed to understand the exact mechanisms of communication between the neurons and tumor cells. The knowledge on the mechanisms regulating tumor growth and different stages of metastasis, as well as effects of the action of a numerous group of Nts/NPs/Ntt as growth factors, have implications for future therapeutic strategies. To obtain the best treatment outcomes, it is important to use signaling pathways common for many NPs, as well to develop a range of broad-spectrum antagonists. This review aims to summarize the current knowledge on the importance of neuroactive molecules in the promotion of the invasion-metastasis cascade in CRC, as well as the improvements of clinical management of CRC liver metastasis.
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29
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Desclée de Maredsous C, Carlin G, Oosting A, Delteil C, Azzout-Marniche D, Chaumontet C, Blachier F, Barbillon P, Mary-Huard T, Tomé D, Oozeer R, Davila AM. Increased Susceptibility to Obesity and Glucose Intolerance in Adult Female Rats Programmed by High-Protein Diet during Gestation, But Not during Lactation. Nutrients 2020; 12:E315. [PMID: 31991777 PMCID: PMC7071251 DOI: 10.3390/nu12020315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fetal and early postnatal nutritional environments contribute to lifelong health. High-protein (HP) intake in early life can increase obesity risk in response to specific feeding conditions after weaning. This study investigated the effects of a maternal HP diet during pregnancy and/or lactation on the metabolic health of offspring. Three groups of dams received a normal-protein (NP, 20E% proteins) diet during gestation and lactation (Control group), an HP diet (55E% proteins) during gestation (HPgest group), or an HP diet during lactation (HPlact group). From weaning until 10 weeks, female pups were exposed to the NP, the HP or the western (W) diet. HPgest pups had more adipocytes (p = 0.009), more subcutaneous adipose tissue (p = 0.04) and increased expression of genes involved in liver fatty acid synthesis at 10 weeks (p < 0.05). HPgest rats also showed higher food intake and adiposity under the W diet compared to the Control and HPlact rats (p ≤ 0.04). The post-weaning HP diet reduced weight (p < 0.0001), food intake (p < 0.0001), adiposity (p < 0.0001) and glucose tolerance (p < 0.0001) compared to the NP and W diets; this effect was enhanced in the HPgest group (p = 0.04). These results show that a maternal HP diet during gestation, but not lactation, leads to a higher susceptibility to obesity and glucose intolerance in female offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Desclée de Maredsous
- Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR PNCA, 75005 Paris, France; (C.D.d.M.); (G.C.); (C.D.); (D.A.-M.); (C.C.); (F.B.); (D.T.)
- Danone Nutricia Research, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands; (A.O.); (R.O.)
| | - Gabrielle Carlin
- Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR PNCA, 75005 Paris, France; (C.D.d.M.); (G.C.); (C.D.); (D.A.-M.); (C.C.); (F.B.); (D.T.)
| | - Annemarie Oosting
- Danone Nutricia Research, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands; (A.O.); (R.O.)
| | - Corine Delteil
- Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR PNCA, 75005 Paris, France; (C.D.d.M.); (G.C.); (C.D.); (D.A.-M.); (C.C.); (F.B.); (D.T.)
| | - Dalila Azzout-Marniche
- Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR PNCA, 75005 Paris, France; (C.D.d.M.); (G.C.); (C.D.); (D.A.-M.); (C.C.); (F.B.); (D.T.)
| | - Catherine Chaumontet
- Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR PNCA, 75005 Paris, France; (C.D.d.M.); (G.C.); (C.D.); (D.A.-M.); (C.C.); (F.B.); (D.T.)
| | - François Blachier
- Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR PNCA, 75005 Paris, France; (C.D.d.M.); (G.C.); (C.D.); (D.A.-M.); (C.C.); (F.B.); (D.T.)
| | - Pierre Barbillon
- Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR MIA-Paris, 75005 Paris, France; (P.B.); (T.M.-H.)
| | - Tristan Mary-Huard
- Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR MIA-Paris, 75005 Paris, France; (P.B.); (T.M.-H.)
| | - Daniel Tomé
- Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR PNCA, 75005 Paris, France; (C.D.d.M.); (G.C.); (C.D.); (D.A.-M.); (C.C.); (F.B.); (D.T.)
| | - Raish Oozeer
- Danone Nutricia Research, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands; (A.O.); (R.O.)
| | - Anne-Marie Davila
- Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR PNCA, 75005 Paris, France; (C.D.d.M.); (G.C.); (C.D.); (D.A.-M.); (C.C.); (F.B.); (D.T.)
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Merino B, Fernández-Díaz CM, Cózar-Castellano I, Perdomo G. Intestinal Fructose and Glucose Metabolism in Health and Disease. Nutrients 2019; 12:E94. [PMID: 31905727 PMCID: PMC7019254 DOI: 10.3390/nu12010094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Revised: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The worldwide epidemics of obesity and diabetes have been linked to increased sugar consumption in humans. Here, we review fructose and glucose metabolism, as well as potential molecular mechanisms by which excessive sugar consumption is associated to metabolic diseases and insulin resistance in humans. To this end, we focus on understanding molecular and cellular mechanisms of fructose and glucose transport and sensing in the intestine, the intracellular signaling effects of dietary sugar metabolism, and its impact on glucose homeostasis in health and disease. Finally, the peripheral and central effects of dietary sugars on the gut-brain axis will be reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Merino
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular-IBGM (CSIC-Universidad de Valladolid), Valladolid 47003, Spain; (B.M.); (C.M.F.-D.); (G.P.)
| | - Cristina M. Fernández-Díaz
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular-IBGM (CSIC-Universidad de Valladolid), Valladolid 47003, Spain; (B.M.); (C.M.F.-D.); (G.P.)
| | - Irene Cózar-Castellano
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular-IBGM (CSIC-Universidad de Valladolid), Valladolid 47003, Spain; (B.M.); (C.M.F.-D.); (G.P.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - German Perdomo
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular-IBGM (CSIC-Universidad de Valladolid), Valladolid 47003, Spain; (B.M.); (C.M.F.-D.); (G.P.)
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Burgos, Burgos 09001, Spain
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Hypothalamic mechanisms associated with neuropeptide K-induced anorexia in Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica). Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2019; 237:110539. [PMID: 31404649 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2019.110539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Central administration of neuropeptide K (NPK), a 36-amino acid peptide, is associated with anorexigenic effects in rodents and chickens. The mechanisms underlying the potent anorexigenic effects of NPK are still poorly understood. Thus, the aim of the present study was to identify the hypothalamic nuclei and neuropeptides that mediate anorexic effects of NPK in 7 day-old Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica). After a 6 h fast, intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of NPK decreased food and water intake for 180 min post-injection. Quail injected with NPK had more c-Fos immunoreactive cells in the arcuate nucleus (ARC), lateral hypothalamus, and paraventricular nucleus (PVN) compared to the birds that were injected with the vehicle. In the ARC of NPK-injected quail, there was decreased neuropeptide Y (NPY), NPY receptor sub-type 1, and agouti-related peptide mRNA, and increased CART, POMC, and neurokinin receptor 1 mRNA. NPK-injected quail expressed greater amounts of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF), CRF receptor sub-type 2, melanocortin receptors 3 and 4, and urocortin 3 mRNA in the PVN. In conclusion, results provide insights into understanding NPK-induced changes in hypothalamic physiology and feeding behavior, and suggest that the anorexigenic effects of NPK involve the ARC and PVN, with increased CRF and melanocortin and reduced NPY signaling.
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Wang J, DePena M, Taylor G, Gilbert ER, Cline MA. Hypothalamic mechanism of corticotropin-releasing factor's anorexigenic effect in Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica). Gen Comp Endocrinol 2019; 276:22-29. [PMID: 30769012 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2019.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Central administration of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF), a 41-amino acid peptide, is associated with anorexigenic effects across various species, with particularly potent reductions in food intake in rodents and chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus), a species for which the most is known. The purpose of the current study was to determine the hypothalamic mechanism of CRF-induced anorexigenic effects in 7 day-old Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica), a less-intensely-selected gallinaceous relative to the chicken that can provide more evolutionary perspective. After intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of 2, 22, or 222 pmol of CRF, a dose-dependent decrease in food intake was observed that lasted for 3 and 24 h for the 22 and 222 pmol doses, respectively. The 2 pmol dose had no effect on food or water intake. The numbers of c-Fos immunoreactive cells were increased in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and lateral hypothalamic area (LHA) at 1 h post-injection in quail injected with 22 pmol of CRF. The hypothalamic mRNA abundance of proopiomelanocortin, melanocortin receptor subtype 4, CRF, and CRF receptor sub-type 2 was increased at 1 h in quail treated with 22 pmol of CRF. Behavior analyses demonstrated that CRF injection reduced feeding pecks and jumps and increased the time spent standing. In conclusion, results demonstrate that the anorexigenic effects of CRF in Japanese quail are likely influenced by the interaction between CRF and melanocortin systems and that injection of CRF results in species-specific behavioral changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxin Wang
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Mara DePena
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Graham Taylor
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Elizabeth R Gilbert
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, United States; Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Mark A Cline
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, United States; Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, United States
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Wang J, Matias J, Gilbert ER, Tachibana T, Cline MA. Hypothalamic mechanisms associated with corticotropin-releasing factor-induced anorexia in chicks. Neuropeptides 2019; 74:95-102. [PMID: 30739813 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2019.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Central administration of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF), a 41-amino acid peptide, is associated with potent anorexigenic effects in rodents and chickens. However, the mechanism underlying this effect remains unclear. Hence, the objective of the current study was to elucidate the hypothalamic mechanisms that mediate CRF-induced anorexia in 4 day-old Cobb-500 chicks. After intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of 0.02 nmol of CRF, CRF-injected chicks ate less than vehicle chicks while no effect on water intake was observed at 30 min post-injection. In subsequent experiments, the hypothalamus samples were processed at 60 min post-injection. The CRF-injected chicks had more c-Fos immunoreactive cells in the arcuate nucleus (ARC), dorsomedial nucleus (DMN), ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH), and paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus than vehicle-treated chicks. CRF injection was associated with decreased whole hypothalamic mRNA abundance of neuropeptide Y receptor sub-type 1 (NPYR1). In the ARC, CRF-injected chicks expressed more CRF and CRF receptor sub-type 2 (CRFR2) mRNA but less agouti-related peptide (AgRP), NPY, and NPYR1 mRNA than vehicle-injected chicks. CRF-treated chicks expressed greater amounts of CRFR2 and mesotocin mRNA than vehicle chicks in the PVN and VMH, respectively. In the DMN, CRF injection was associated with reduced NPYR1 mRNA. In conclusion, the results provide insights into understanding CRF-induced hypothalamic actions and suggest that the anorexigenic effect of CRF involves increased CRFR2-mediated signaling in the ARC and PVN that overrides the effects of NPY and other orexigenic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxin Wang
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, School of Neuroscience, USA
| | - Justin Matias
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, School of Neuroscience, USA
| | - Elizabeth R Gilbert
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, School of Neuroscience, USA; Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg 24061, VA, USA
| | - Tetsuya Tachibana
- Department of Agrobiological Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ehime University, Matsuyama 790-8566, Japan
| | - Mark A Cline
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, School of Neuroscience, USA; Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg 24061, VA, USA.
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Abstract
The homeostatic need for sodium is one of the strongest motivational drives known in animals. Although the brain regions involved in the sensory detection of sodium levels have been mapped relatively well, data about the neural basis of the motivational properties of salt appetite, including a role for midbrain dopamine cells, have been inconclusive. Here, we employed a combination of fiber photometry, behavioral pharmacology and c-Fos immunohistochemistry to study the involvement of the mesocorticolimbic dopamine system in salt appetite in rats. We observed that sodium deficiency affected the responses of dopaminergic midbrain neurons to salt tasting, suggesting that these neurons encode appetitive properties of sodium. We further observed a significant reduction in the consumption of salt after pharmacological inactivation of the nucleus accumbens (but not the medial prefrontal cortex), and microstructure analysis of licking behavior suggested that this was due to decreased motivation for, but not appreciation of salt. However, this was not dependent on dopaminergic neurotransmission in that area, as infusion of a dopamine receptor antagonist into the nucleus accumbens did not alter salt appetite. We conclude that the nucleus accumbens, but not medial prefrontal cortex, is important for the behavioral expression of salt appetite by mediating its motivational component, but that the switch in salt appreciation after sodium depletion, although detected by midbrain dopamine neurons, must arise from other areas.
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Yang N, Anapindi KDB, Romanova EV, Rubakhin SS, Sweedler JV. Improved identification and quantitation of mature endogenous peptides in the rodent hypothalamus using a rapid conductive sample heating system. Analyst 2018; 142:4476-4485. [PMID: 29098220 DOI: 10.1039/c7an01358b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Measurement, identification, and quantitation of endogenous peptides in tissue samples by mass spectrometry (MS) contribute to our understanding of the complex molecular mechanisms of numerous biological phenomena. For accurate results, it is essential to arrest the postmortem degradation of ubiquitous proteins in samples prior to performing peptidomic measurements. Doing so ensures that the detection of endogenous peptides, typically present at relatively low levels of abundance, is not overwhelmed by protein degradation products. Heat stabilization has been shown to inactivate the enzymes in tissue samples and minimize the presence of protein degradation products in the subsequent peptide extracts. However, the efficacy of different heat treatments to preserve the integrity of full-length endogenous peptides has not been well documented; prior peptidomic studies of heat stabilization methods have not distinguished between the full-length (mature) and numerous truncated (possible artifacts of sampling) forms of endogenous peptides. We show that thermal sample treatment via rapid conductive heat transfer is effective for detection of mature endogenous peptides in fresh and frozen rodent brain tissues. Freshly isolated tissue processing with the commercial Stabilizor T1 heat stabilization system resulted in the confident identification of 65% more full-length mature neuropeptides compared to widely used sample treatment in a hot water bath. This finding was validated by a follow-up quantitative multiple reaction monitoring MS analysis of select neuropeptides. The rapid conductive heating in partial vacuum provided by the Stabilizor T1 effectively reduces protein degradation and decreases the chemical complexity of the sample, as assessed by determining total protein content. This system enabled the detection, identification, and quantitation of neuropeptides related to 22 prohormones expressed in individual rat hypothalami and suprachiasmatic nuclei.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Yang
- Department of Chemistry and the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana 61801, USA.
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Papargyri P, Zapanti E, Salakos N, Papargyris L, Bargiota A, Mastorakos G. Links between HPA axis and adipokines: clinical implications in paradigms of stress-related disorders. Expert Rev Endocrinol Metab 2018; 13:317-332. [PMID: 30422016 DOI: 10.1080/17446651.2018.1543585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In the human organism, a constant interplay exists between the stress system [which includes the activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis] and the adipose tissue. This interplay is mediated by hormones of the HPA axis such as corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and glucocorticoids (GCs) and adipokines secreted by the adipose tissue. AREAS COVERED In this critical review, the bi-directional interactions between HPA axis and the most studied adipokines such as leptin and adiponectin, as well as the pro-inflammatory adipocytokines tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin (IL) 6 are presented. Furthermore, these interactions are described in normalcy as well as in specific clinical paradigms of stress-related disorders such as eating disorders, hypothalamic amenorrhea, and stress-related endogenous hypercortisolism states. Wherever new therapeutic strategies emerge, they are presented accordingly. EXPERT COMMENTARY Additional research is needed to clarify the mechanisms involved in the interplay between the HPA axis and the adipose tissue. Research should be focused, in particular, on the development of new therapeutic means targeting dysfunctional adipose tissue in stress-related situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiota Papargyri
- a Unit of Endocrinology, Diabetes Mellitus and Metabolism, Aretaieion Hospital, School of Medicine , National and Kapodistrian University of Athens , Athens , Greece
| | - Evangelia Zapanti
- b Department of Endocrinology , Alexandra Hospital , Athens , Greece
| | - Nicolaos Salakos
- c Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aretaieion Hospital, School of Medicine , National and Kapodistrian University of Athens , Athens , Greece
| | - Loukas Papargyris
- d CRCINA, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Université d'Angers , Angers , France
- e LabEx IGO "Immunotherapy, Graft, Oncology," , Angers , France
| | - Alexandra Bargiota
- f Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Larissa University Hospital, School of Medicine , University of Thessaly , Larissa , Greece
| | - George Mastorakos
- a Unit of Endocrinology, Diabetes Mellitus and Metabolism, Aretaieion Hospital, School of Medicine , National and Kapodistrian University of Athens , Athens , Greece
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Barbier M, Fellmann D, Risold PY. Morphofunctional Organization of the Connections From the Medial and Intermediate Parts of the Central Nucleus of the Amygdala Into Distinct Divisions of the Lateral Hypothalamic Area in the Rat. Front Neurol 2018; 9:688. [PMID: 30210427 PMCID: PMC6119805 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2018.00688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Projections from the central nucleus of the amygdala (CEA) into the lateral hypothalamic area (LHA) show a very complex pattern. After injection of an anterograde tracer (Phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin—PHAL) into the medial and intermediate parts of the CEA, we observed that labeled axons converged onto the caudal lateral LHA but provided distinct patterns in rostral tuberal regions. These projections were compared to that of neurons containing the peptides “melanin-concentrating hormone” (MCH) or hypocretin (Hcrt). Because the distribution of these neurons is stereotyped, it was possible to characterize distinct divisions into the LHA. Some of them in the rostral tuberal LHA [the dorsal (LHAd) and suprafornical regions (LHAs)] received a distinct innervation by projections that originated from neurons in respectively anterior or posterior regions of the medial part (CEAm) or from the intermediate part (CEAi) of the central nucleus. Therefore, this work illustrates that projections from the CEAm and CEAi converge into the caudal lateral LHA but diverge into the rostral tuberal LHA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Barbier
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Intégratives et Cliniques, EA481, UFR Sciences Médicales et Pharmaceutiques, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Dominique Fellmann
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Intégratives et Cliniques, EA481, UFR Sciences Médicales et Pharmaceutiques, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Pierre-Yves Risold
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Intégratives et Cliniques, EA481, UFR Sciences Médicales et Pharmaceutiques, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
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38
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Zhang Y, DeLaney K, Hui L, Wang J, Sturm RM, Li L. A Multifaceted Mass Spectrometric Method to Probe Feeding Related Neuropeptide Changes in Callinectes sapidus and Carcinus maenas. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2018; 29:948-960. [PMID: 29435768 PMCID: PMC5959843 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-017-1888-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/23/2017] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Food intake is regulated by various neuromodulators, including numerous neuropeptides. However, it remains elusive at the molecular and cellular level as to how these important chemicals regulate internal processes and which regions of the neuronal organs are responsible for regulating the behavior. Here we report a comparative neuropeptidomic analysis of the brain and pericardial organ (PO) in response to feeding in two well-studied crustacean physiology model organisms, Callinectes sapidus and Carcinus maenas, using mass spectrometry (MS) techniques. A multifaceted MS-based approach has been developed to obtain complementary information on the expression changes of a large array of neuropeptides in the brain and PO. The method employs stable isotope labeling of brain and PO extracts for relative MS quantitation, capillary electrophoresis (CE)-MS for fractionation and high-specificity analysis, and mass spectrometric imaging (MSI) for in-situ molecular mapping of peptides. A number of neuropeptides, including RFamides, B-type allatostatins (AST-B), RYamides, and orcokinins exhibit significant changes in abundance after feeding in this investigation. Peptides from the AST-B family found in PO tissue were shown to have both altered expression and localization changes after feeding, indicating that they may be a class of vital neuropeptide regulators involved in feeding behavior. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhuo Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 777 Highland Ave, Madison, WI, 53705-2222, USA
| | - Kellen DeLaney
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Ave, Madison, WI, 53706-1322, USA
| | - Limei Hui
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 777 Highland Ave, Madison, WI, 53705-2222, USA
| | - Junhua Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Ave, Madison, WI, 53706-1322, USA
| | - Robert M Sturm
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 777 Highland Ave, Madison, WI, 53705-2222, USA
| | - Lingjun Li
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 777 Highland Ave, Madison, WI, 53705-2222, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Ave, Madison, WI, 53706-1322, USA.
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39
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Yang N, Anapindi KDB, Rubakhin SS, Wei P, Yu Q, Li L, Kenny PJ, Sweedler JV. Neuropeptidomics of the Rat Habenular Nuclei. J Proteome Res 2018. [PMID: 29518334 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.7b00811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Conserved across vertebrates, the habenular nuclei are a pair of small symmetrical structures in the epithalamus. The nuclei functionally link the forebrain and midbrain by receiving input from and projecting to several brain regions. Each habenular nucleus comprises two major asymmetrical subnuclei, the medial and lateral habenula. These subnuclei are associated with different physiological processes and disorders, such as depression, nicotine addiction, and encoding aversive stimuli or omitting expected rewarding stimuli. Elucidating the functions of the habenular nuclei at the molecular level requires knowledge of their neuropeptide complement. In this work, three mass spectrometry (MS) techniques-liquid chromatography (LC) coupled to Orbitrap tandem MS (MS/MS), LC coupled to Fourier transform (FT)-ion cyclotron resonance (ICR) MS/MS, and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) FT-ICR MS-were used to uncover the neuropeptide profiles of the rodent medial and lateral habenula. With the assistance of tissue stabilization and bioinformatics, a total of 262 and 177 neuropeptides produced from 27 and 20 prohormones were detected and identified from the medial and lateral habenula regions, respectively. Among these neuropeptides, 136 were exclusively found in the medial habenula, and 51 were exclusively expressed in the lateral habenula. Additionally, novel sites of sulfation, a rare post-translational modification, on the secretogranin I prohormone are identified. The results demonstrate that these two small brain nuclei have a rich and differentiated peptide repertoire, with this information enabling a range of follow-up studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Yang
- Department of Chemistry and the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana , Illinois 61801 , United States
| | - Krishna D B Anapindi
- Department of Chemistry and the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana , Illinois 61801 , United States
| | - Stanislav S Rubakhin
- Department of Chemistry and the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana , Illinois 61801 , United States
| | - Pingli Wei
- Chemistry Department , University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison , Wisconsin 53705 , United States
| | - Qing Yu
- School of Pharmacy , University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison , Wisconsin 53705 , United States
| | - Lingjun Li
- Chemistry Department , University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison , Wisconsin 53705 , United States.,School of Pharmacy , University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison , Wisconsin 53705 , United States
| | - Paul J Kenny
- Department of Pharmacology & Systems Therapeutics , Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York , New York 10029 , United States
| | - Jonathan V Sweedler
- Department of Chemistry and the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana , Illinois 61801 , United States
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Vercruysse P, Vieau D, Blum D, Petersén Å, Dupuis L. Hypothalamic Alterations in Neurodegenerative Diseases and Their Relation to Abnormal Energy Metabolism. Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 11:2. [PMID: 29403354 PMCID: PMC5780436 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) are disorders characterized by progressive deterioration of brain structure and function. Selective neuronal populations are affected leading to symptoms which are prominently motor in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) or Huntington’s disease (HD), or cognitive in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and fronto-temporal dementia (FTD). Besides the common existence of neuronal loss, NDDs are also associated with metabolic changes such as weight gain, weight loss, loss of fat mass, as well as with altered feeding behavior. Importantly, preclinical research as well as clinical studies have demonstrated that altered energy homeostasis influences disease progression in ALS, AD and HD, suggesting that identification of the pathways leading to perturbed energy balance might provide valuable therapeutic targets Signals from both the periphery and central inputs are integrated in the hypothalamus, a major hub for the control of energy balance. Recent research identified major hypothalamic changes in multiple NDDs. Here, we review these hypothalamic alterations and seek to identify commonalities and differences in hypothalamic involvement between the different NDDs. These hypothalamic defects could be key in the development of perturbations in energy homeostasis in NDDs and further understanding of the underlying mechanisms might open up new avenues to not only treat weight loss but also to ameliorate overall neurological symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Vercruysse
- UMR-S 1118, Faculté de Médecine, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Strasbourg, France.,UMR-S1118, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,Department of Neurology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Didier Vieau
- UMR-S 1172-JPArc, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Lille (CHRU de Lille), Alzheimer and Tauopathies, Lille, France
| | - David Blum
- UMR-S 1172-JPArc, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Lille (CHRU de Lille), Alzheimer and Tauopathies, Lille, France
| | - Åsa Petersén
- Translational Neuroendocrine Research Unit (TNU), Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Luc Dupuis
- UMR-S 1118, Faculté de Médecine, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Strasbourg, France.,UMR-S1118, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
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41
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Mirmohammadsadeghi Z, Shareghi Brojeni M, Haghparast A, Eliassi A. Role of paraventricular hypothalamic dopaminergic D 1 receptors in food intake regulation of food-deprived rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 818:43-49. [PMID: 29056523 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Revised: 10/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Dopaminergic neurons play an important role on central regulatory mechanisms of feeding behavior. Dopamine receptors are distributed within the hypothalamus and densely localized in the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus (PVN). From these ideas we postulated that PVN D1 receptors may play a role in regulating the food intake behavioral process. In this paper, we considered the effects of SKF38393, a D1 receptor agonist, and the D1 receptor antagonist (SCH23390), on food intake of conscious rats deprived of food for 24h. Our findings revealed that intraparaventricular injections of SKF383993 (0.3-5µg) stimulated food intake behavior in a dose dependent manner. This stimulatory effect of SKF3833 persisted over 2h of the monitoring period. The PVN injections of D1 receptor antagonist were associated with dose-dependent inhibition of food intake. SCH23390 (0.01µg) was also administered 5min before intraparaventricular injection of SKF3833. The results showed that SCH23390 suppressed stimulated food intake induced by SKF38393 (1.2µg). In conclusion, endogenous dopamine impact PVN D1 receptors and may be a factor in regulating the food intake behavioral process.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Masoud Shareghi Brojeni
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Haghparast
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Afsaneh Eliassi
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Physiology, Medical School, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Bergström U, Lindfors C, Svedberg M, Johansen JE, Häggkvist J, Schalling M, Wibom R, Katz A, Nilsson IAK. Reduced metabolism in the hypothalamus of the anorectic anx/anx mouse. J Endocrinol 2017; 233:15-24. [PMID: 28130409 DOI: 10.1530/joe-16-0383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The anorectic anx/anx mouse exhibits a mitochondrial complex I dysfunction that is related to aberrant expression of hypothalamic neuropeptides and transmitters regulating food intake. Hypothalamic activity, i.e. neuronal firing and transmitter release, is dependent on glucose utilization and energy metabolism. To better understand the role of hypothalamic activity in anorexia, we assessed carbohydrate and high-energy phosphate metabolism, in vivo and in vitro, in the anx/anx hypothalamus. In the fasted state, hypothalamic glucose uptake in the anx/anx mouse was reduced by ~50% of that seen in wild-type (wt) mice (P < 0.05). Under basal conditions, anx/anx hypothalamus ATP and glucose 6-P contents were similar to those in wt hypothalamus, whereas phosphocreatine was elevated (~2-fold; P < 0.001) and lactate was reduced (~35%; P < 0.001). The anx/anx hypothalamus had elevated total AMPK (~25%; P < 0.05) and GLUT4 (~60%; P < 0.01) protein contents, whereas GLUT1 and GLUT3 were similar to that of wt hypothalamus. Interestingly, the activation state of AMPK (ratio of phosphorylated AMPK/total AMPK) was significantly decreased in hypothalamus of the anx/anx mouse (~60% of that in wt; P < 0.05). Finally, during metabolic stress (ischemia), accumulation of lactate (measure of glycolysis) and IMP and AMP (breakdown products of ATP) were ~50% lower in anx/anx vs wt hypothalamus. These data demonstrate that carbohydrate and high-energy phosphate utilization in the anx/anx hypothalamus are diminished under basal and stress conditions. The decrease in hypothalamic metabolism may contribute to the anorectic behavior of the anx/anx mouse, i.e. its inability to regulate food intake in accordance with energy status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrika Bergström
- Department of Molecular Medicine and SurgeryKarolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Molecular MedicineKarolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Charlotte Lindfors
- Department of Molecular Medicine and SurgeryKarolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Molecular MedicineKarolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marie Svedberg
- Department of Clinical NeuroscienceCenter for Psychiatric Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jeanette E Johansen
- Department of Molecular Medicine and SurgeryKarolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Molecular MedicineKarolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jenny Häggkvist
- Department of Clinical NeuroscienceCenter for Psychiatric Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martin Schalling
- Department of Molecular Medicine and SurgeryKarolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Molecular MedicineKarolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rolf Wibom
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and BiophysicsKarolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Abram Katz
- Department of Physical TherapyAriel University, Ariel, Israel
| | - Ida A K Nilsson
- Department of Molecular Medicine and SurgeryKarolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Molecular MedicineKarolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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Fetissov SO. [Hunger and satiety factors in the regulation of pleasure associated with feeding behavior]. Biol Aujourdhui 2017; 210:259-268. [PMID: 28327283 DOI: 10.1051/jbio/2016025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Feeding is an instinctive behavior accompanied by rewarding feeling of pleasure during obtaining and ingesting food, corresponding to the preparatory and consummatory phases of motivated behavior, respectively. Perception of this emotional state together with alternating feelings of hunger and satiety drives the feeding behavior. Because alterations of feeding behavior including either overeating or anorexia may lead to obesity and cachexia, respectively, understanding the neurochemical mechanisms of regulation of feeding pleasure may help to develop new therapies of these diseases. The dopamine (DA) system of the mesolimbic projections plays a key role in behavioral reward in general and is also involved in regulating feeding-associated pleasure in the forebrain including the nucleus accumbens (NAc) and the lateral hypothalamic area (LHA). It suggests that this DA system can be selectively activated by factors specific to different types of motivated behavior including hunger- and satiety- related hormones. Indeed, central administrations of either orexigenic ghrelin or anorexigenic α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) increase DA release in the NAc. However, DA has also been shown to inhibit food intake when injected into the LHA, historically known as a « hunger center », indicating DA functional involvement in regulation of both appetite and feeding pleasure. Although both NAc and LHA contain neurons expressing melanocortin receptors, only the LHA receives the α-MSH containing nerve terminals from the α-MSH producing neurons of the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus, the main relay of the peripheral hunger and satiety signals to the brain. A recent study showed that α-MSH in the LHA enhances satiety and inhibits feeding pleasure while potently stimulating DA release in this area during both preparatory and consummatory phases of feeding. It suggests that altered signaling by α-MSH to the DA system in the LHA may be involved in the pathophysiology of obesity and anorexia and the possible underlying mechanisms are discussed.
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Abstract
Obesity is a global epidemic that contributes to a number of health complications including cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, cancer and neuropsychiatric disorders. Pharmacotherapeutic strategies to treat obesity are urgently needed. Research over the past two decades has increased substantially our knowledge of central and peripheral mechanisms underlying homeostatic energy balance. Homeostatic mechanisms involve multiple components including neuronal circuits, some originating in hypothalamus and brain stem, as well as peripherally-derived satiety, hunger and adiposity signals that modulate neural activity and regulate eating behavior. Dysregulation of one or more of these homeostatic components results in obesity. Coincident with obesity, reward mechanisms that regulate hedonic aspects of food intake override the homeostatic regulation of eating. In addition to functional interactions between homeostatic and reward systems in the regulation of food intake, homeostatic signals have the ability to alter vulnerability to drug abuse. Regarding the treatment of obesity, pharmacological monotherapies primarily focus on a single protein target. FDA-approved monotherapy options include phentermine (Adipex-P®), orlistat (Xenical®), lorcaserin (Belviq®) and liraglutide (Saxenda®). However, monotherapies have limited efficacy, in part due to the recruitment of alternate and counter-regulatory pathways. Consequently, a multi-target approach may provide greater benefit. Recently, two combination products have been approved by the FDA to treat obesity, including phentermine/topiramate (Qsymia®) and naltrexone/bupropion (Contrave®). The current review provides an overview of homeostatic and reward mechanisms that regulate energy balance, potential therapeutic targets for obesity and current treatment options, including some candidate therapeutics in clinical development. Finally, challenges in anti-obesity drug development are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidya Narayanaswami
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Linda P Dwoskin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA.
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Fetissov SO. Role of the gut microbiota in host appetite control: bacterial growth to animal feeding behaviour. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2017; 13:11-25. [PMID: 27616451 DOI: 10.1038/nrendo.2016.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 222] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The life of all animals is dominated by alternating feelings of hunger and satiety - the main involuntary motivations for feeding-related behaviour. Gut bacteria depend fully on their host for providing the nutrients necessary for their growth. The intrinsic ability of bacteria to regulate their growth and to maintain their population within the gut suggests that gut bacteria can interfere with molecular pathways controlling energy balance in the host. The current model of appetite control is based mainly on gut-brain signalling and the animal's own needs to maintain energy homeostasis; an alternative model might also involve bacteria-host communications. Several bacterial components and metabolites have been shown to stimulate intestinal satiety pathways; at the same time, their production depends on bacterial growth cycles. This short-term bacterial growth-linked modulation of intestinal satiety can be coupled with long-term regulation of appetite, controlled by the neuropeptidergic circuitry in the hypothalamus. Indeed, several bacterial products are detected in the systemic circulation, which might act directly on hypothalamic neurons. This Review analyses the data relevant to possible involvement of the gut bacteria in the regulation of host appetite and proposes an integrative homeostatic model of appetite control that includes energy needs of both the host and its gut bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergueï O Fetissov
- Nutrition, Gut &Brain Laboratory, Inserm UMR 1073, University of Rouen Normandy, 22 Boulevard Gambetta, 76183 Rouen, France
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Reynés B, Palou M, Palou A. Gene expression modulation of lipid and central energetic metabolism related genes by high-fat diet intake in the main homeostatic tissues. Food Funct 2017; 8:629-650. [DOI: 10.1039/c6fo01473a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
HF diet feeding affects the energy balance by transcriptional metabolic adaptations, based in direct gene expression modulation, perinatal programing and transcriptional factor regulation, which could be affected by the animal model, gender or period of dietary treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bàrbara Reynés
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology
- Nutrition and Biotechnology
- Universitat de les Illes Balears and CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn)
- Palma de Mallorca
- Spain
| | - Mariona Palou
- Alimentómica SL (Spin off no. 001 from UIB)
- Palma Mallorca
- Spain
| | - Andreu Palou
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology
- Nutrition and Biotechnology
- Universitat de les Illes Balears and CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn)
- Palma de Mallorca
- Spain
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Jiao Q, Du X, Li Y, Gong B, Shi L, Tang T, Jiang H. The neurological effects of ghrelin in brain diseases: Beyond metabolic functions. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2016; 73:98-111. [PMID: 27993602 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2016] [Revised: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Ghrelin, a peptide released by the stomach that plays a major role in regulating energy metabolism, has recently been shown to have effects on neurobiological behaviors. Ghrelin enhances neuronal survival by reducing apoptosis, alleviating inflammation and oxidative stress, and accordingly improving mitochondrial function. Ghrelin also stimulates the proliferation, differentiation and migration of neural stem/progenitor cells (NS/PCs). Additionally, the ghrelin is benefit for the recovery of memory, mood and cognitive dysfunction after stroke or traumatic brain injury. Because of its neuroprotective and neurogenic roles, ghrelin may be used as a therapeutic agent in the brain to combat neurodegenerative disease. In this review, we highlight the pre-clinical evidence and the proposed mechanisms underlying the role of ghrelin in physiological and pathological brain function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Jiao
- Department of Physiology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders and State Key Disciplines: Physiology, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China; Shandong Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
| | - Xixun Du
- Department of Physiology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders and State Key Disciplines: Physiology, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China; Shandong Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Physiology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders and State Key Disciplines: Physiology, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China; Shandong Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
| | - Bing Gong
- Department of Physiology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders and State Key Disciplines: Physiology, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
| | - Limin Shi
- Department of Physiology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders and State Key Disciplines: Physiology, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China; Shandong Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
| | - Tingting Tang
- Department of Physiology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders and State Key Disciplines: Physiology, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China; Shandong Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
| | - Hong Jiang
- Department of Physiology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders and State Key Disciplines: Physiology, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China; Shandong Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
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Monteleone AM, Monteleone P, Serino I, Amodio R, Monaco F, Maj M. Underweight subjects with anorexia nervosa have an enhanced salivary cortisol response not seen in weight restored subjects with anorexia nervosa. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2016; 70:118-21. [PMID: 27236605 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2016.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Revised: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The cortisol response to awakening (CAR) has been reported to be enhanced in symptomatic patients with anorexia nervosa (AN). However, it has been not established whether the dysregulation of CAR was a primary phenomenon or a change secondary to malnutrition. Therefore, we aimed to explore the salivary CAR in both underweight and weigh-restored women with AN. Fifty-nine women volunteered for the study. They were 18 underweight AN women, 15 weight-restored AN women and 26 normal-weight healthy women. Saliva samples were collected in the morning, immediately on awakening and after 15, 30 and 60min to measure saliva levels of cortisol. Participants' anxiety levels in the morning of sampling were measured by the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. As compared to control women, underweight AN patients showed an enhanced CAR whereas weight-restored patients had a normal CAR. These results could be not explained by group differences in body mass index or levels of anxiety. These findings show, for the first time, that the enhanced CAR occurring in the acute phase of AN is not seen in weight-recovered patients, suggesting that the dysregulated activity of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis of symptomatic AN patients is a state-dependent phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Palmiero Monteleone
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Naples SUN, Naples, Italy; Department of Medicine and Surgery, Section of Neurosciences, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy.
| | - Ismene Serino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Naples SUN, Naples, Italy
| | - Roberta Amodio
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Naples SUN, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Monaco
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Naples SUN, Naples, Italy
| | - Mario Maj
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Naples SUN, Naples, Italy
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Legrand R, Lucas N, Breton J, Azhar S, do Rego JC, Déchelotte P, Coëffier M, Fetissov SO. Ghrelin treatment prevents development of activity based anorexia in mice. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2016; 26:948-58. [PMID: 27052473 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2016.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Revised: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Stimulation of feeding is necessary for treatment of pathological conditions of chronic malnutrition due to anorexia. Ghrelin, a hunger hormone, is one of the candidate for pharmacological treatments of anorexia, but because of its instability in plasma has limited efficacy. We previously showed that plasmatic IgG protect ghrelin from degradation and that IgG from obese subjects and mice may increase ghrelin׳s orexigenic effect. In this study we tested if ghrelin alone or combined with IgG may improve feeding in chronically food-restricted mice with or without physical activity-based anorexia (ABA) induced by free access to a running wheel. Mice received a single daily intraperitoneal injection of ghrelin (1nM) together or not with total IgG (1nM) from obese ob/ob or lean mice before access to food during 8 days of 3h/day feeding time. We found that both ghrelin and ghrelin combined with IgG from obese, but not lean mice, prevented ABA, however, they were not able to diminish body weight loss. Physical activity was lower during the feeding period and was increased shortly after feeding in mice receiving ghrelin together with IgG from obese mice. In food-restricted mice without ABA, ghrelin treatments did not have significant effects on food intake. Thus, this study supports pharmacological use of ghrelin or ghrelin combined with IgG from obese animals for treatment of anorexia accompanied by elevated physical activity. The utility of combining ghrelin with protective IgG should be further determined in animal models of anorexia with unrestricted access to food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Legrand
- Nutrition, Gut and Brain Laboratory, Inserm UMR1073, Rouen University, 76183 France; Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Rouen 76183, France
| | - Nicolas Lucas
- Nutrition, Gut and Brain Laboratory, Inserm UMR1073, Rouen University, 76183 France; Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Rouen 76183, France
| | - Jonathan Breton
- Nutrition, Gut and Brain Laboratory, Inserm UMR1073, Rouen University, 76183 France; Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Rouen 76183, France
| | - Saïda Azhar
- Nutrition, Gut and Brain Laboratory, Inserm UMR1073, Rouen University, 76183 France; Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Rouen 76183, France
| | - Jean-Claude do Rego
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Rouen 76183, France; Animal Behavioral Platform SCAC, Rouen University, Rouen 76183, France
| | - Pierre Déchelotte
- Nutrition, Gut and Brain Laboratory, Inserm UMR1073, Rouen University, 76183 France; Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Rouen 76183, France; Department of Nutrition, Rouen University Hospital, 76183 Rouen, France
| | - Moïse Coëffier
- Nutrition, Gut and Brain Laboratory, Inserm UMR1073, Rouen University, 76183 France; Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Rouen 76183, France; Department of Nutrition, Rouen University Hospital, 76183 Rouen, France
| | - Sergueï O Fetissov
- Nutrition, Gut and Brain Laboratory, Inserm UMR1073, Rouen University, 76183 France; Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Rouen 76183, France.
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