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Liu Y, Wang L, Zhao J. Developmental trajectory of depressive symptoms among left-behind adolescents: The effects of parent-adolescent separation and parent-adolescent cohesion. J Adolesc 2024; 96:1102-1115. [PMID: 38509447 DOI: 10.1002/jad.12320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Left-behind adolescents are vulnerable to depressive symptoms under the context of parent-adolescent separation. However, limited knowledge is available regarding left-behind adolescents' depression trajectory and the protective resources against it. The aim of this longitudinal study was to investigate the depression trajectory and its association with parent-adolescent separation (left-behind status, age of separation and duration of separation) and parent-adolescent cohesion (father-adolescent cohesion, mother-adolescent cohesion) among left-behind adolescents. METHODS The participants were 1,107 left-behind adolescents (Mage = 13.23 ± 0.86 years at T1; 45.17% girls; 38.48% both-parent migrant adolescents, 61.52% father-only migrant adolescents) from two rural areas of Shandong Province in China, who were participated in assessment at three time points with 6 months apart from November 2014 to November 2015. RESULTS The results indicated that the trajectory of left-behind adolescents' depression symptoms showed a decreasing trend. Both-parent migrant adolescents reported a higher initial level of depressive symptoms than father-only migrant adolescents. Duration of separation positively predicted the initial level of left-behind adolescents' depressive symptoms. Mother-adolescent cohesion negatively predicted the initial level and positively predicted the change rate of left-behind adolescents' depressive symptoms. Moreover, mother-adolescent and father-adolescent cohesion buffered the negative effect of parent-adolescent separation on the initial level of left-behind adolescents' depressive symptoms. CONCLUSIONS These findings highlight the protective role of parent-adolescent cohesion for left-behind adolescents, having important implications for interventions targeted toward mitigating the detrimental influence of parent-adolescent separation on left-behind adolescents' depression trajectory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Liu
- School of Psychology, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Learning and Cognition, Research Center for Child Development, School of Psychology, Capital Normal University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Lei Wang
- School of Psychology, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, P.R. China
| | - Jingxin Zhao
- School of Psychology, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, P.R. China
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Hu B, Bai X, Wang P. Childhood Adversities and Caregiving for Older Parents: Building Capacity for a Caring Society. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2024; 79:gbae083. [PMID: 38742591 PMCID: PMC11184527 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbae083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study investigates the relationships between childhood adversities and the provision of informal care for older parents in later life in China. METHODS The data came from 4 waves of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (N = 20,047). Using multilevel logistic regression models, we examined the relationships between adverse experiences in childhood and both the propensity and intensity of caregiving for older parents. Drawing on the regression results, we then estimated the total number of caregivers for older parents in China. RESULTS Experiencing 1 additional childhood adversity was associated with a decrease of 8% in the odds of providing informal care (p < .001). The association between childhood adversity and caregiving remained significant after sociodemographic factors and later-life outcomes were controlled for. We estimated that 58.3 million middle-aged adults in China were providing care for parents in 2020. Had people experienced 1 fewer adversity in their childhood, there would have been 2.2 million more caregivers in 2020. Had they experienced 2 fewer adversities, there would have been 3.4 million more caregivers. DISCUSSION The factors associated with informal caregiving can be traced back to early-life experiences. To address the shortage of informal care supply, it is crucial to foster a caring culture from the very beginning of human development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Hu
- Care Policy and Evaluation Centre, Department of Health Policy, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK
| | - Xue Bai
- Institute of Active Ageing, Department of Applied Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Pengyun Wang
- Department of International Trade, School of Economics, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- Oxford Internet Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Cai X, Bai X, Zhou S. Childhood adversities and memory function in later life: the mediating role of activity participation. BMC Geriatr 2024; 24:536. [PMID: 38902657 PMCID: PMC11191259 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-024-05145-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood adversities may lead to decreased activity participation in later life, impacting memory health in ageing adults. Childhood adversities related to deprivation and threat, as conceptualized by the Dimensional Model of Adversity, can exhibit distinct impacts on cognitive and emotional outcomes in children and younger adults. This study examined the potential influence of childhood deprivation and threat on memory function in later life and the mediating role of activity participation in these relationships. METHODS This study used data from the first wave of Panel Study of Active Ageing and Society (PAAS), a representative survey of Hong Kong residents aged 50 or above (N = 1,005). Key variables included late-life memory function measured by delayed recall test, deprivation- and threat-related childhood adversities, and the frequency of participation in informal and formal types of activities. Mediation tests were used for analysis. RESULTS Childhood deprivation was associated with a lower late-life memory function, whereas threat was not. The negative effects of childhood deprivation and its subdomain, economic hardship, on memory function were mediated by activity participation. Total participation scores presented the strongest mediating effect (17.3-20.6%), with formal activities playing a more substantial mediating role than informal activities in mitigating the effect of childhood deprivation. CONCLUSIONS These findings expand the applicability of the Dimensional Model of Adversity to ageing populations, highlighting the influence of deprivation on life-long cognitive development. Furthermore, this study revealed an indirect mechanism by which childhood deprivation affects memory health in old age through diverse activity participation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Cai
- Department of Applied Social Sciences & Research Centre for Gerontology and Family Studies, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
| | - Xue Bai
- Department of Applied Social Sciences & Research Centre for Gerontology and Family Studies, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Shuai Zhou
- Department of Applied Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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Bruun-Rasmussen NE, Napolitano G, Bojesen SE, Ellervik C, Rasmussen K, Lynge E. Self-Reported Health as Predictor of Allostatic Load and All-Cause Mortality: Findings From the Lolland-Falster Health Study. Int J Public Health 2024; 69:1606585. [PMID: 38362307 PMCID: PMC10866731 DOI: 10.3389/ijph.2024.1606585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives: The aim was to determine the association between self-reported health (SRH), allostatic load (AL) and mortality. Methods: Data derived from the Lolland-Falster Health Study undertaken in Denmark from 2016-2020 (n = 14,104). Median follow-up time for death was 4.6 years where 456 participants died. SRH was assessed with a single question and AL by an index of ten biomarkers. Multinomial regression analysis were used to examine the association between SRH and AL, and Cox regression to explore the association between SRH, AL and mortality. Results: The risk of high AL increased by decreasing level of SRH. The ratio of relative risk (RRR) of having medium vs. low AL was 1.58 (1.11-2.23) in women reporting poor/very poor SRH as compared with very good SRH. For men it was 1.84 (1.20-2.81). For high vs. low AL, the RRR was 2.43 (1.66-3.56) in women and 2.96 (1.87-4.70) in men. The hazard ratio (HR) for all-cause mortality increased by decreasing SRH. For poor/very poor vs. very good SRH, the HR was 6.31 (2.84-13.99) in women and 3.92 (2.12-7.25) in men. Conclusion: Single-item SRH was able to predict risk of high AL and all-cause mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - George Napolitano
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stig Egil Bojesen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christina Ellervik
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Data and Development Support, Region Zealand, Sorø, Denmark
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Knud Rasmussen
- Data and Development Support, Region Zealand, Sorø, Denmark
| | - Elsebeth Lynge
- Center for Epidemiological Research, Nykøbing Falster Hospital, Nykøbing Falster, Denmark
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Shah P, Kabuti R, Beksinska A, Nyariki E, Babu H, Kungu M, Jama Z, Ngurukiri P, Kaul R, Kyegombe N, Medley GF, Devries K, Seeley J, Weiss HA, Beattie TS, Kimani J. Childhood and adolescent factors shaping vulnerability to underage entry into sex work: a quantitative hierarchical analysis of female sex workers in Nairobi, Kenya. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e078618. [PMID: 38114279 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-078618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore factors associated with early age at entry into sex work, among a cohort of female sex workers (FSWs) in Nairobi, Kenya. BACKGROUND Younger age at sex work initiation increases the risk of HIV acquisition, condom non-use, violence victimisation and alcohol and/or substance use problems. This study aimed to understand factors in childhood and adolescence that shape the vulnerability to underage sex work initiation. DESIGN Building on previous qualitative research with this cohort, analysis of behavioural-biological cross-sectional data using hierarchical logistic regression. PARTICIPANTS AND MEASURES FSWs aged 18-45 years were randomly selected from seven Sex Workers Outreach Programme clinics in Nairobi, and between June and December 2019, completed a baseline behavioural-biological survey. Measurement tools included WHO Adverse Childhood Experiences, Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test and questionnaires on sociodemographic information, sexual risk behaviours and gender-based violence. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression were conducted using hierarchical modelling. RESULTS Of the 1003 FSWs who participated in the baseline survey (response rate 96%), 176 (17.5%) initiated sex work while underage (<18 years). In the multivariable analysis, factors associated with entering sex work while underage included incomplete secondary school education (aOR=2.82; 95% CI=1.69 to 4.73), experiencing homelessness as a child (aOR=2.20; 95% CI=1.39 to 3.48), experiencing childhood physical or sexual violence (aOR=1.85; 95% CI=1.09 to 3.15), young age of sexual debut (≤15 years) (aOR=5.03; 95% CI=1.83 to 13.79) and being childless at time of sex work initiation (aOR=9.80; 95% CI=3.60 to 26.66). CONCLUSIONS Lower education level and childhood homelessness, combined with sexual violence and sexual risk behaviours in childhood, create pathways to underage initiation into sex work. Interventions designed for girls and young women at these pivotal points in their lives could help prevent underage sex work initiation and their associated health, social and economic consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Shah
- Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London, UK
| | - Rhoda Kabuti
- Partners for Health and Development in Africa, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Alicja Beksinska
- Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London, UK
| | - Emily Nyariki
- Partners for Health and Development in Africa, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Hellen Babu
- Partners for Health and Development in Africa, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Mary Kungu
- Partners for Health and Development in Africa, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Zaina Jama
- Partners for Health and Development in Africa, Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | - Rupert Kaul
- Departments of Immunology and Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nambusi Kyegombe
- Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London, UK
| | - Graham F Medley
- Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London, UK
| | - Karen Devries
- Department of Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London, UK
| | - Janet Seeley
- Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London, UK
- MRC/UVRI and LSHTM Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Wakiso, Uganda
| | - Helen Anne Weiss
- MRC International Statistics & Epidemiology Group, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology and International Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Tara S Beattie
- Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London, UK
| | - Joshua Kimani
- Partners for Health and Development in Africa, Nairobi, Kenya
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Li L, Jing R, Jin G, Song Y. Longitudinal associations between traditional and cyberbullying victimization and depressive symptoms among young Chinese: A mediation analysis. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2023; 140:106141. [PMID: 36958096 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2023.106141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The impacts of bullying victimization on psychological health are long-lasting. However, the longitudinal mediating processes of the association between being bullied (traditionally and in a cyber context) and depressive symptoms of Chinese youth remain underexplored, including across the sexes. OBJECTIVE This study investigated the longitudinal association between bullying victimization and depressive symptoms, including the mediating effects of physical health, healthy lifestyles, sleep quality, and academic achievements. Different pathways from traditional bullying and cyberbullying victimization regarding depressive symptoms were also explored, with a comparison across the sexes. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING Data were obtained from the China Education Panel Survey, and ninth graders aged approximately 15 years constituted the baseline cohort. METHODS The baseline data and longitudinal data at two- and five-year follow-ups, respectively, were evaluated to estimate structural equation models. RESULTS Baseline traditional bullying and cyberbullying victimization significantly predicted subsequent depressive symptoms at both follow-ups (P < 0.001). Being bullied also predicted worse healthy lifestyles, poorer sleep quality, and lower academic achievements (P < 0.05), all significantly correlated with the development of depressive symptoms (P < 0.001) regarding both bullying victimizations. Physical health was the mediator of the traditional bullying victimization-depressive symptoms linkage (P < 0.05). Female victims have a relatively higher risk of depression versus male victims, with different mediating pathways from victimization to depressive symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Our findings strengthen the evidence of a longitudinal association between bullying victimization and depressive symptoms, provide new explanations for mechanisms of mediation, and highlight the importance of long-term comprehensive mental health interventions for victims of bullying.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Li
- Center for Population and Development Studies, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Rize Jing
- School of Public Administration and Policy, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Guangzhao Jin
- Center for Population and Development Studies, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Yueping Song
- Center for Population and Development Studies, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China.
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Shah P, Beattie TS, Kabuti R, Liku J, Kung'u M, Babu H, Jama Z, Kaul R, Weiss HA, Kyegombe N, Medley GF, Devries K, Gafos M, Nyariki E, Kimani J, Seeley J. Syndemic of factors that shape the early lives of women who enter into sex work: a qualitative methods study from Nairobi, Kenya. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e068886. [PMID: 37045579 PMCID: PMC10106030 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-068886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the structural and social co-factors that shape the early lives of women who enter sex work in Nairobi, Kenya. DESIGN Thematic analysis of qualitative data collected as part of the Maisha Fiti study among female sex workers (FSWs) in Nairobi. PARTICIPANTS AND MEASURES FSWs aged 18-45 years were randomly selected from seven Sex Workers Outreach Programme clinics in Nairobi and participated in baseline behavioural-biological surveys. Participants in this qualitative study were randomly selected from the Maisha Fiti study cohort and were interviewed between October 2019 and July 2020. Women described their lives from childhood, covering topics including sex work, violence and financial management. RESULTS 48 out of 1003 Maisha Fiti participants participated in the in-depth qualitative interviews. FSWs described how physical and sexual violence, poverty and incomplete education in their childhood and adolescence intertwined with early pregnancy, marriage, intimate partner violence and relationship breakdown in their adolescence and early adulthood. The data analysis found clear syndemic relationships between these risk factors, particularly childhood violence, poverty and incomplete education and highlighted pathways leading to financial desperation and caring for dependents, and subsequent entry into sex work. Women perceived sex work as risky and most would prefer alternative work if possible, but it provided them with some financial independence and agency. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study in Kenya to qualitatively explore the early lives of sex workers from a syndemic perspective. This method identified the pivotal points of (1) leaving school early due to poverty or pregnancy, (2) breakdown of early intimate relationships and (3) women caring for dependents on their own. Complex, multi-component structural interventions before these points could help increase school retention, reduce teenage pregnancy, tackle violence, support young mothers and reduce entry into sex work and the risk that it entails by expanding livelihood options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Shah
- Department of Global Health and Development, Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Tara S Beattie
- Department of Global Health and Development, Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Rhoda Kabuti
- Partners for Health and Development in Africa (PHDA), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Jennifer Liku
- Partners for Health and Development in Africa (PHDA), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Mary Kung'u
- Partners for Health and Development in Africa (PHDA), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Hellen Babu
- Partners for Health and Development in Africa (PHDA), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Zaina Jama
- Partners for Health and Development in Africa (PHDA), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Rupert Kaul
- Departments of Immunology and Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Helen Anne Weiss
- MRC International and Statistics Epidemiology Group, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Nambusi Kyegombe
- Department of Global Health and Development, Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Graham F Medley
- Department of Global Health and Development, Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Karen Devries
- Department of Global Health and Development, Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Mitzy Gafos
- Department of Global Health and Development, Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Emily Nyariki
- Partners for Health and Development in Africa (PHDA), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Joshua Kimani
- Partners for Health and Development in Africa (PHDA), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Janet Seeley
- Department of Global Health and Development, Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- MRC/UVRI and LSHTM Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda
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Orr C, O'Donnell M, Fisher C, Bell M, Glauert R, Preen D. School Readiness of Children Exposed to Family and Domestic Violence. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2022; 37:NP20428-NP20458. [PMID: 34668413 DOI: 10.1177/08862605211050099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Children have a universal right to live free from exposure to family and domestic violence (FDV). Children exposed to FDV can experience long-term effects on their physical and psychological health and their social competencies including social, emotional, and cognitive skills and behaviours that underpin successful social adaptation and academic achievement. The aim of this study was to investigate if children exposed to FDV were more likely to be vulnerable on school readiness measures compared to those children who were not exposed. Our cohort study used de-identified individual-level administrative data of children born during 2002-2010, in Western Australia, who were identified in police and hospital records as being exposed to FDV during 2002-2015. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression was used to estimate the odds of vulnerability in Australian Early Development Census (AEDC) outcomes of children exposed to FDV compared to a non-exposed cohort. After adjusting for demographic characteristics, children exposed to FDV had higher odds than non-exposed children of being vulnerable in all five AEDC domains: physical health and wellbeing, social competence, emotional maturity, language and cognitive skills (school-based) and communication skills and general knowledge. Exposed children have an increased likelihood of vulnerability in all five AEDC domains: physical health and wellbeing, social competence, emotional maturity, language and cognitive skills (school-based) and communication skills and general knowledge. Comprehensive multiagency early intervention for children exposed to FDV is required to mitigate the impact on outcomes, and ultimately the need to prevent FDV is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol Orr
- The School of Population and Global Health, 2720The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Melissa O'Donnell
- The Australian Centre for Child Protection, 1067The University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Colleen Fisher
- The School of Population and Global Health, 2720The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Megan Bell
- The School of Population and Global Health, 2720The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Rebecca Glauert
- The School of Population and Global Health, 2720The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - David Preen
- The School of Population and Global Health, 2720The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
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Lankila T, Puhakka S, Kärmeniemi M, Kangas M, Rusanen J, Korpelainen R. Residential history and changes in perceived health—The Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 study. Health Place 2022; 78:102931. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2022.102931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Internet addiction and child physical and mental health: Evidence from panel dataset in China. J Affect Disord 2022; 309:52-62. [PMID: 35469911 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.04.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The number of internet users has increased substantially in the last decade and these increasing rates of internet use also apply to children. Children usually have poorer self-control and poorer cognition than college-age populations or adults, the impact of Internet addiction on the health of this group has important implications not only for their individual economic and social outcomes but also the future human capital development in China. METHODS We use data from the 2016 and 2018 China Family Panel Survey, a survey that collected data from a large and nationally representative sample of the Chinese population, to construct a sample of children from 25 provinces, and then use DID and PSM-DID methods to investigate whether Internet addiction (increased screen time in this article) impacts the physical and mental health of children (ages 10-15) in China. RESULTS Internet addiction has a significant negative impact on child physical and mental health. The mediating effect model shows that Internet addiction impairs child physical and mental health by reducing their sleep and exercise time. The heterogeneity analysis shows that, Internet addiction has a stronger negative effect on urban children than rural children. Additionally, Internet addiction has a significant correlation with the mental health of left-behind children (LBC), but not children living with both parents (CLP). LIMITATIONS Our research has several weaknesses. First, this article uses time spent online to measure Internet addiction and this measurement method is not perfect. Also, given that the sample is made up of only Chinese children, conclusions about generalizability remain tentative. Future studies should be conducted in other countries. CONCLUSION This study systematically studied the effects of Internet addiction on the physical and mental health of Chinese children. This study can help government leaders make targeted programs to prevent children from Internet addiction in the future, especially to reduce internet dependence among students.
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Kempel MK, Winding TN, Böttcher M, Andersen JH. Evaluating the association between socioeconomic position and cardiometabolic risk markers in young adulthood by different life course models. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:694. [PMID: 35397504 PMCID: PMC8994289 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-13158-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Cardiometabolic health in adulthood is associated with socioeconomic position (SEP) in childhood. Although this has been studied by previous research several questions need to be addressed. E.g. knowledge about the association with timing, extent of the exposure as well as lifestyle and adult SEP, is essential to address the increasing social gradient in cardiometabolic diseases.
Methods
This study included a sub-sample (N = 264, 50% women, age 28–30) from an ongoing cohort study. We used a combination of national registers, longitudinal questionnaire data and clinical data. We examined the association between childhood SEP and cardiometabolic risk, measured by a score of multiple risk markers in young adulthood. SEP-indicators included mother’s educational level and household income. The association was evaluated by four different life course models; the latent effects model, the pathway model, the cumulative model and the social mobility model.
Results
We found an inverse association between mother’s educational level and cardiometabolic risk. The association was statistically significant evaluated by the pathway and cumulative life course models, however statistically insignificant evaluated by the latent effects model. No specific association with social mobility was observed. However, high adult educational level seems to have a protecting impact on the association. No association was found between household income and cardiometabolic risk in any of the applied life course models.
Conclusion
Low childhood SEP, represented by mother’s educational level but not household income, is associated with increased cardiometabolic risk in young adulthood. The accumulation of exposure, lifestyle and adult educational attainment are important for the association. In contrast, intergenerational social mobility does not seem to have a specific impact on the association and we find no evidence for a particular timing in childhood.
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Zhou Z, Zhang W, Fang Y. Early-life exposure to Chinese famine and stroke risk in mid- to late life: the mediating roles of cognitive function and depression. BMC Geriatr 2022; 22:294. [PMID: 35392831 PMCID: PMC8988351 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-022-02990-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Limited research has examined the role that famine exposure plays in adulthood stroke risk. We aim to explore the causal implications of early exposure to the Great Chinese Famine on stroke risk and determine whether these associations were mediated by cognitive function, and depression. METHODS We sampled 12,681 individuals aged 45 years and older from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) and divided them into fetally exposed, childhood-exposed, adolescence/adulthood-exposed and unexposed groups. Stroke was defined by self- or proxy-reported physician diagnosis. Based on a counterfactual framework, marginal structural models were used to estimate the natural direct effect and the natural indirect effects through cognitive function and depression for causal inference. RESULTS We found that early-life exposure to Chinese famine was directly related to increased stroke risk in mid- to late life. Cognitive function and depression accounted for a greater part of the effect for childhood famine exposure, mediating 36.35% (95%CI: 14.19, 96.19%) of the overall association between famine exposure and incident stroke, than for the fetal, adolescence/adulthood famine exposure groups. However, the natural indirect effect through depression was not significant in the fetally exposed group. The results were robust in the sensitivity analysis of model specification and unobserved confounding. CONCLUSIONS Our findings are consistent with the latency, pathway, and accumulation models, supporting the life-course theory. Early stages of life exposed to the Chinese Famine were associated with higher risk of stroke in mid- to late life. Enhanced cognitive and depression interventions may reduce stroke risk in middle-aged and older Chinese adults who exposure to famine in early life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Affairs and School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment of Fujian Province University, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiang'an South Road, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Ya Fang
- Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment of Fujian Province University, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiang'an South Road, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China.
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Shi X. Moving out but not for the better: Health consequences of interprovincial rural-urban migration in China. HEALTH ECONOMICS 2022; 31:555-573. [PMID: 34970819 DOI: 10.1002/hec.4468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Using panel data from a survey conducted by the Research Center for Rural Economy, this study overcomes the selection bias associated with most health status measures by incorporating dialect proximity as an instrumental variable to evaluate the causal effects of interprovincial migration on individuals' health status in China. The results indicate that, compared to an absorbed category, which includes intraprovincial migration and non-migration, interprovincial migration worsens health (measured by the self-reported health status score) by 3%. It is also found that, compared to intraprovincial migrants, interprovincial migrants are more likely to report a lower SHS score, whereas the health effect differences between interprovincial migrants and non-migrants are insignificant. The study identifies two potential mechanisms that explain this result: (i) The increase in income following migration may improve interprovincial migrants' health, and (ii) the exposure to hazardous working environments worsens health to a significant extent. This finding is also linked to the following gender-related finding: Compared to women, men are more likely to be employed in heavy industries with hazardous working environments; the negative effects of interprovincial migration on the health status are stronger for men than for women migrants, suggesting that the industry effect dominates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinjie Shi
- China Academy for Rural Development, School of Public Affairs, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Australian Centre on China in the World & Crawford School of Public Policy, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
- Institute for Common Prosperity and Development, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Trajectories of middle-aged and elderly people's chronic diseases Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALYs): cohort, socio-economic status and gender disparities. Int J Equity Health 2021; 20:179. [PMID: 34344369 PMCID: PMC8335861 DOI: 10.1186/s12939-021-01517-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The accelerated aging trend brought great chronic diseases burdens. Disabled Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) is a novel way to measure the chronic diseases burden. This study aimed to explore the cohort, socioeconomic status (SES), and gender disparities of the DALYs trajectories. METHODS A total of 15,062 participants (55,740 observations) comes from China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) from 2011 to 2018. Mixed growth curve model was adopted to predict the DALYS trajectories in 45-90 years old people influenced by different birth cohorts and SES. RESULTS We find significant cohort, SES (resident place, education level and income) disparities differences in the chronic diseases DALYs. For individuals of earlier cohort, DALYs are developed in a late age but grow fast with age but reversed for most recent cohorts. Living in urban, having higher SES level will decrease the growth rate with age, but converges for most recent cohorts. Meanwhile, DALYs disparities of resident place and education level show gender differentials that those for female are narrowed across cohort but for male are not. CONCLUSIONS The cohort effects on chronic diseases DALYs are accumulated with China's unique social, and political settings. There are large inequalities in early experiences, SES and DALYs. Efforts of reducing these inequalities must focus on the lower SES individuals and those living in rural areas, which greatly benefit individuals from recent cohorts.
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Betz CL, Mannino JE, Cleverley K, Young CC, Ridosh M, Kysh L, Hudson SM. Self-management for youth and young adults with special health needs: protocol for a scoping review of health care transition planning literature. JBI Evid Synth 2021; 19:1682-1690. [PMID: 33651752 DOI: 10.11124/jbies-20-00265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this scoping review is to explore the extent to which self-management of youth and young adults with special health care needs is reported in the health care transition literature. INTRODUCTION It is essential for youth and young adults with special health care needs to learn the self-management skills, to the extent possible, that are essential in maintaining the stability of their chronic condition to seamlessly transfer to adult care and live independently. Acquisition of self-management competencies for chronic care management is an essential component of health care transition preparation. INCLUSION CRITERIA The inclusion criteria will be based upon age and condition designation. The age range of participants will include youth and young adults, aged nine to 35 years, who have special health care needs. Inclusion criteria consists of both non-categorical and diagnostic specific terminology for youth and young adults with a childhood acquired chronic condition. Non-categorical terms used include "long-term chronic condition," "special health care needs," "medical complex condition," "complex care needs," "developmental disability," "intellectual disability," "mental health condition," "emotional disabilities," "physical disabilities," "chronic illness," and "chronic condition." METHODS The following databases will be accessed for this health care transition scoping review: CINAHL, Cochrane CENTRAL, Embase, Ovid MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and Web of Science. Relevant gray literature will be accessed as well. The Covidence software platform will be used to review citations and full-text articles. Two reviewers will independently review abstracts and full texts of studies, and extract data using the data extraction tool. Any conflicts will be resolved with a third reviewer. Review findings will be presented in tabular format and narrative synthesis based upon the scoping review objective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecily L Betz
- Department of Pediatrics, USC Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer E Mannino
- Molloy College, Barbara H. Hagan School of Nursing and Health Sciences, Rockville Centre, NY, USA
| | - Kristin Cleverley
- Lawrence E. Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Cara C Young
- School of Nursing, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Monique Ridosh
- Center for Translational Research and Education, Marcella Niehoff School of Nursing, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Lynn Kysh
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sharon M Hudson
- Department of Pediatrics, USC Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Joannès C, Castagné R, Lepage B, Delpierre C, Kelly-Irving M. Could teacher-perceived parental interest be an important factor in understanding how education relates to later physiological health? A life course approach. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0252518. [PMID: 34138891 PMCID: PMC8211281 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0252518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Education is associated with later health, and notably with an indicator of physiological health measuring the cost of adapting to stressful conditions, named allostatic load. Education is itself the result of a number of upstream variables. We examined the origins of educational attainment through the lens of interactions between families and school i.e. parents’ interest in their child’s education as perceived by teachers. This study aims to examine whether parental interest during a child’s educational trajectory is associated with subsequent allostatic load, and whether education or other pathways mediate this relationship. We used data from 9 377 women and men born in 1958 in Great Britain and included in the National Child Development Study to conduct secondary data analyses. Parental interest was measured from questionnaire responses by teachers collected at age 7, 11 and 16. Allostatic load was defined using 14 biomarkers assayed in blood from a biosample collected at 44 years of age. Linear regression analyses were carried out on a sample of 8 113 participants with complete data for allostatic load, missing data were imputed. Participants whose parents were considered to be uninterested in their education by their teacher had a higher allostatic load on average in midlife in both men (β = 0,41 [0,29; 0,54]) and women (β = 0,69 [0,54; 0,83]). We examined the role of the educational and other pathways including psychosocial, material/financial, and behavioral variables, as potential mediators in the relationship between parental interest and allostatic load. The direct link between parental interest and allostatic load was completely mediated in men, but only partially mediated in women. This work provides evidence that parents’ interest in their child’s education as perceived by teachers is associated with subsequent physiological health in mid-life and may highlight a form of cultural dissonance between family and educational spheres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Joannès
- Equity Research Team, CERPOP, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
- * E-mail:
| | - Raphaële Castagné
- Equity Research Team, CERPOP, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Benoit Lepage
- Equity Research Team, CERPOP, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
- Department of Epidemiology, CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Cyrille Delpierre
- Equity Research Team, CERPOP, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Michelle Kelly-Irving
- Equity Research Team, CERPOP, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
- Interdisciplinary Federal Research Institute on Health & Society (IFERISS), Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
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Enwo OO, Player E, Steel N, Ford JA. The impact of life events on later life: a latent class analysis of the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing. J Public Health (Oxf) 2021; 43:e180-e187. [PMID: 32157284 DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fdaa002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inequalities in life events can lead to inequalities in older age. This research aimed to explore associations between life events reported by older people and quality of life (QoL) and functional ability. METHODS Participants were grouped according to eight life events: parental closeness, educational opportunities in childhood, financial hardship, loss of an unborn child, bereavement due to war, involvement in conflict, violence and experiencing a natural disaster. Linear and logistic regressions were used to explore associations between these groups and the main outcomes of functional ability and QoL. RESULTS 7555 participants were allocated to four LCA groups: 'few life events' (n = 6,250), 'emotionally cold mother' (n = 724), 'violence in combat' (n = 274) and 'many life events' (n = 307). Reduced QoL was reported in the 'many life events' (coefficient - 5.33, 95%CI -6.61 to -4.05), 'emotionally cold mother' (-1.89, -2.62 to 1.15) and 'violence in combat' (-1.95, -3.08 to -0.82) groups, compared to the 'few life events' group. The 'many life events' group also reported more difficulty with activities of daily living. CONCLUSIONS Policies aimed at reducing inequalities in older age should consider events across the life course.
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Affiliation(s)
- O O Enwo
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia
| | - E Player
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia
| | - N Steel
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia
| | - J A Ford
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia.,Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge
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Bayesian spatial modelling of early childhood development in Australian regions. Int J Health Geogr 2020; 19:43. [PMID: 33076925 PMCID: PMC7574340 DOI: 10.1186/s12942-020-00237-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Children’s early development plays a vital role for maintaining healthy lives and influences future outcomes. It is also heavily affected by community factors which vary geographically. Direct methods do not provide a comprehensive picture of this variation, especially for areas with sparse populations and low data coverage. In the context of Australia, the Australian Early Development Census (AEDC) provides a measure of early child development upon school entry. There are two primary aims of this study: (i) provide improved prevalence estimates of children who are considered as developmentally vulnerable in regions across Australia; (ii) ascertain how social-economic disadvantage partly explains the spatial variation. Methods We used Bayesian spatial hierarchical models with the Socio-economic Indexes for Areas (SEIFA) as a covariate to provide improved estimates of all 335 SA3 regions in Australia. The study included 308,953 children involved in the 2018 AEDC where 21.7% of them were considered to be developmentally vulnerable in at least one domain. There are five domains of developmental vulnerability—physical health and wellbeing; social competence; emotional maturity; language and cognitive skills; and communication and general knowledge. Results There are significant improvements in estimation of the prevalence of developmental vulnerability through incorporating the socio-economic disadvantage in an area. These improvements persist in all five domains—the largest improvements occurred in the Language and Cognitive Skills domain. In addition, our results reveal that there is an important geographical dimension to developmental vulnerability in Australia. Conclusion Sparsely populated areas in sample surveys lead to unreliable direct estimates of the relatively small prevalence of child vulnerability. Bayesian spatial modelling can account for the spatial patterns in childhood vulnerability while including the impact of socio-economic disadvantage on geographic variation. Further investigation, using a broader range of covariates, could shed more light on explaining this spatial variation.
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Bricard D, Jusot F, Trannoy A, Tubeuf S. Inequality of opportunities in health and death: an investigation from birth to middle age in Great Britain. Int J Epidemiol 2020; 49:1739-1748. [PMID: 33011793 PMCID: PMC7746403 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyaa130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective We assess the existence of unfair inequalities in health and death using the normative framework of inequality of opportunities, from birth to middle age in Great Britain. Methods We use data from the 1958 National Child Development Study, which provides a unique opportunity to observe individual health from birth to the age of 54, including the occurrence of mortality. We measure health status combining self-assessed health and mortality. We compare and statistically test the differences between the cumulative distribution functions of health status at each age according to one childhood circumstance beyond people’s control: the father’s occupation. Results At all ages, individuals born to a ‘professional’, ‘senior manager or technician’ father report a better health status and have a lower mortality rate than individuals born to ‘skilled’, ‘partly skilled’ or ‘unskilled’ manual workers and individuals without a father at birth. The gap in the probability to report good health between individuals born into high social backgrounds compared with low, increases from 12 percentage points at age 23 to 26 at age 54. Health gaps are even more marked in health states at the bottom of the health distribution when mortality is combined with self-assessed health. Conclusions There is increasing inequality of opportunities in health over the lifespan in Great Britain. The tag of social background intensifies as individuals get older. Finally, there is added analytical value to combining mortality with self-assessed health when measuring health inequalities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Florence Jusot
- PSL, Université Paris-Dauphine, LEDA-LEGOS, Paris, France
| | - Alain Trannoy
- CNRS, EHESS, Centrale Marseille, AMSE, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Sandy Tubeuf
- Institute of Health and Society (IRSS) and Institute of Economic and Social Research (IRES), Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
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Hatem C, Lee CY, Zhao X, Reesor-Oyer L, Lopez T, Hernandez DC. Food insecurity and housing instability during early childhood as predictors of adolescent mental health. JOURNAL OF FAMILY PSYCHOLOGY : JFP : JOURNAL OF THE DIVISION OF FAMILY PSYCHOLOGY OF THE AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION (DIVISION 43) 2020; 34:721-730. [PMID: 32191051 PMCID: PMC7483158 DOI: 10.1037/fam0000651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the effects of food insecurity and housing instability experiences during early childhood on adolescent anxiety and depressive symptoms through maternal depression and parenting stress. This longitudinal study included 4 waves of data from the Fragile Families and Child Well-Being Study (n = 2,626). Food insecurity was measured when the child was 5 years of age using the U.S. Department of Agriculture's 18-item Food Security Scale. Housing instability was also measured when the child was 5 years of age based on an affirmative response to 6 housing adversity items. Maternal depression and parenting stress were measured when the child was 9 years of age. Anxiety and depressive symptoms were assessed when the child (now adolescent) was 15 years of age using 6 items of the Brief Symptom Inventory 18 anxiety subscale and 5 items of the Centers for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, respectively. Two structural equation models assessed the associations between food insecurity and housing instability on adolescent anxiety (Model 1) and depressive symptoms (Model 2) through maternal depression and parenting stress simultaneously, controlling for sociodemographic characteristics. Results suggest that experiencing both food insecurity and housing instability during early childhood increases the risk of long-term adolescent depressive (indirect: B = 0.008, 95% CI [0.002, 0.016]) and anxiety (indirect: B = 0.012, 95% CI [0.002, 0.026]) symptoms through maternal depression to parenting stress. Screening for food insecurity and housing instability during early childhood could potentially identify both mothers who are at risk for depression and parenting stress and children who are at increased risk for anxiety or depressive symptoms during adolescence. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Cherine Hatem
- Department of Health and Human Performance, University of
Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Che Young Lee
- Department of Health and Human Performance, University of
Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Xue Zhao
- Department of Health and Human Performance, University of
Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Layton Reesor-Oyer
- Department of Health and Human Performance, University of
Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Tabbetha Lopez
- Department of Health and Human Performance, University of
Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
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Player E, Clark E, Gure-Klinke H, Walker J, Steel N. A case study of tri-morbidity. JOURNAL OF PUBLIC MENTAL HEALTH 2020. [DOI: 10.1108/jpmh-05-2020-0047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to highlight the vulnerability of individuals living with tri-morbidity and the complexity of care required to serve this patient group, moreover to consider how a life course approach may assist.
Design/methodology/approach
This paper uses a case study of a death of a young male adult experiencing homelessness and tri-morbidity in the UK and comparison of the mortality data for homeless adults in the UK with the general population. A synopsis of the mental health and health inclusion guidance for vulnerable adults is used.
Findings
This paper found the importance of considering a life course approach and the impact of negative life events on individuals living with tri-morbidity and also the role of specialist services to support the complex needs of vulnerable adults including the importance of multi-disciplinary working and holistic care.
Research limitations/implications
The research implications of this study are to consider how individuals living with tri-morbidity fit in to evidence-based care.
Practical implications
The practical implication is to consider that those living with tri-morbidity have extra-ordinary lives often with a high concentration of negative life events. Therefore, an extra-ordinary approach to care maybe needed to ensure health inequalities are reduced.
Social implications
This paper is an important case highlighting health inequalities, specifically mortality, in the homeless population.
Originality/value
This paper is an original piece of work, with real cases discussed but anonymised according to guidance on reporting death case reports.
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Cong X, Hosler AS, Tracy M, Appleton AA. The relationship between parental involvement in childhood and depression in early adulthood. J Affect Disord 2020; 273:173-182. [PMID: 32421599 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.03.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Positive early life experiences may help prevent depression later in life. We examined the accumulated benefit, timing, and trajectories of positive parental involvement in childhood in association with incident depression in early adulthood. METHODS Prospectively assessed Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) data (n = 7120) were analyzed. Overall and developmental stage-specific parental involvement scores were estimated from multiple measures from birth to age 7 years. Trajectory groups of parental involvement were derived via latent class growth analysis. At 18 years, depression cases were identified with diagnostic instruments. Multiple imputation was used to handle missingness. We constructed logistic regression models with potential confounders adjusted. RESULTS Participants from trajectory groups with higher average parenting scores over time had 30% to 40% lower odds of developing depression in early adulthood than participants from the group with the lowest average parenting score over time. However, the relationship became non-significant when all covariates were adjusted. A one-unit increase in the overall parenting score corresponded to 12% lower odds of developing depression (adjusted OR=0.88 [0.79-0.98]). Protective effects on incident depression in early adulthood from parental involvement in school age (5-7 years), and not at other ages, were observed (OR=0.87 [0.77-0.99] for a one-unit increase in the parenting score at school age). However, the relationship became non-significant when all covariates were adjusted (OR=0.91 [0.80-1.03]). LIMITATIONS Measurements of parental involvement were only based on maternal report. The study has limited generalizability to other racial/ethnic groups. CONCLUSION Higher level of parental involvement during childhood lowers the risk of developing depression in early adulthood. These results suggest positive early life experiences may promote mental health across the life course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Cong
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, State University of New York at Albany, One University Place, Rensselaer 12144-3456, NY, United States.
| | - Akiko S Hosler
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, State University of New York at Albany, One University Place, Rensselaer 12144-3456, NY, United States.
| | - Melissa Tracy
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, State University of New York at Albany, One University Place, Rensselaer 12144-3456, NY, United States.
| | - Allison A Appleton
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, State University of New York at Albany, One University Place, Rensselaer 12144-3456, NY, United States.
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Cave L, Cooper MN, Zubrick SR, Shepherd CCJ. Racial discrimination and child and adolescent health in longitudinal studies: A systematic review. Soc Sci Med 2020; 250:112864. [PMID: 32143088 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.112864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE The association between racial discrimination and adverse health outcomes has been documented across an increasing body of evidence in recent years, although a close examination of longitudinal studies has not yet taken place. This review applied a life course lens in examining the evidence for a longitudinal association between racial discrimination exposure during childhood and adolescence, and later mental and physical health outcomes. METHOD Medline, PsycINFO, Global Health, ERIC, CINAHL Plus, Academic Search Premier and SocINDEX were searched from earliest records to October 2017 for eligible articles. Results were described through a narrative synthesis of the evidence. RESULTS Findings from 46 studies reported in 88 empirical articles published between 2003 and 2017 were identified. Studies were primarily based on cohorts from the United States, comprised of young people aged 11-18 years, and were published since 2010. Data were most frequently collected over two to three timepoints at intervals exceeding 12 months. Statistically significant associations with racial discrimination were most commonly reported for behaviour problems including delinquency and risk-taking behaviour, with significant adverse effects found in 74% of these associations. Statistically significant adverse effects were also reported in 63% of associations with health-harming behaviours including substance use, and 61% found associations with mental health outcomes. Consistently significant associations were reported between accumulated racism and later health outcomes, and the health effects of racism were reported to vary with developmental periods, although few studies featured these analyses. CONCLUSIONS Evidence from this review highlights that the duration and timing of exposure to racial discrimination matters. This review emphasises the need to gain evidence for the mechanisms linking early racism exposure to adverse health outcomes in later life. Future longitudinal research can address this need by capitalising on prospective cohort studies and ensuring that proposed analysis informs variable selection and timing of data collection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah Cave
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, PO Box 855, West Perth, Western Australia, 6872, Australia; School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Perth, Western Australia, 6009, Australia.
| | - Matthew N Cooper
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, PO Box 855, West Perth, Western Australia, 6872, Australia.
| | - Stephen R Zubrick
- Centre for Child Health Research, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Perth, Western Australia, 6009, Australia.
| | - Carrington C J Shepherd
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, PO Box 855, West Perth, Western Australia, 6872, Australia; Ngangk Yira Research Centre for Aboriginal Health & Social Equity, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, Western Australia, 6150, Australia.
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Jun ER, Kim SH, Cho YJ, Kim YA, Lee JY. The Influence of Negative Mental Health on the Health Behavior and the Mortality Risk: Analysis of Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging from 2006 to 2014. Korean J Fam Med 2019; 40:297-306. [PMID: 31505911 PMCID: PMC6768842 DOI: 10.4082/kjfm.18.0068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Several studies have shown that negative mental health increases risky health behavior and mortality risk. We investigated the relationship between mental health and health behavior, and the causal association between mental health and mortality risk. Methods We used data from the 8-year (2006–2014) Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging with a cohort of 10,247 individuals (whom we divided into a younger group aged <65 years and an older group aged ≥65 years). Mental health was assessed with the following factors: depression, social engagement, and satisfaction of life. Health behavior was assessed with smoking, alcohol use, and regular exercise. Mortality risk was calculated using survival status and survival months as of 2014. Multiple logistic regression and Cox proportional hazard analysis were performed. Results Negative mental health was associated with current smoking and sedentary life style, but not with alcohol consumption. In addition, it was associated with an increase in all-cause mortality risk. The increase in mortality risk in the highest quartile (vs. lowest) was 1.71 times (hazard ratio [HR], 1.71; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.12– 2.62) and 2.07 times (HR, 2.07; 95% CI, 1.60–2.67) for the younger and older group, respectively. Conclusion Our results show that mental health affects health behavior and mortality risk. A key inference from this study is that improving mental health can lead to positive changes in health behavior and reduce the risk of mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Ryeong Jun
- Department of Family Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Sung Hi Kim
- Department of Family Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Yoon Jeong Cho
- Department of Family Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Yun-A Kim
- Department of Family Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Joo Young Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
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Wang D. Reduction but not elimination: health inequalities among urban, migrant, and rural children in China-the moderating effect of the fathers' education level. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:1219. [PMID: 31484566 PMCID: PMC6724264 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-7522-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Given the urban-rural structure and the increase in rural-to-urban migration, three types of children have emerged in contemporary China: rural, urban, and migrant children. Health disparities among these types of children have caused widespread concern, being the main contributor to health inequalities among children in China. The purpose of this study was to investigate health disparities among these children and the mechanisms underlining them. METHODS This research applied multiple linear regression to data obtained from the Chinese Education Panel Survey (CEPS), a national representative survey of 7772 students from 2014 to 2015. Multiple linear regression with interactive terms was used to explore how gender and father's education moderate the degree of health inequalities among the children. 'Height for age Z-scores' (HAZ) was deployed as the indicator of the children's health status, with larger scores indicating better health status. RESULTS The findings of the current study were threefold: First, this study found significant health disparities among the three types of children. Urban children are generally the healthiest (M = 1.064), followed by migrant children, (M = 0.779) and rural children (M = 0.612). Second, fathers' education significantly compensates for the heath disparities among the children. Fathers' education has a larger effect in compensating a rural-migrant difference (b = - 0.018, P < 0.05) than a rural-urban difference (b = - 0.016, P < 0.1). Third, the compensating effect of the fathers' education varies by gender. The compensating effect is larger for boys (b = 0.028, P < 0.001) than for girls (b = 0.025, P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS This study found significant health inequalities among urban, migrant, and rural children, which might be shaped by the distinction of urban-rural structure and the process of rural-to-urban migration in contemporary China. Fathers' education also plays an important role in narrowing-but not eliminating-the health inequality between urban and rural children. Furthermore, the compensating effect of fathers' education is higher for boys than for girls, reflecting the patriarchal tradition in China. The currents study suggests that to promote the healthy growth of children, it is necessary to consider the health inequalities among different types of children when developing health-related policies. Factors like family socioeconomic status and gender may likewise play an important role in the implementation of policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dianxi Wang
- Institute of Evidence Law and Forensic Science, China University of Political Science and Law, No. 25, Xitucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, Zip Code:100088, China.
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Effect of Land Expropriation on Land-Lost Farmers' Health: Empirical Evidence from Rural China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16162934. [PMID: 31443280 PMCID: PMC6720733 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16162934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
With rapid urbanization and industry development, China has witnessed substantial land acquisition. Using the rural household survey data, this paper examines the impact of land expropriation on land-lost farmers’ self-reported health with the ordered probit model and investigates the possible mechanisms. The results show that the land expropriation puts higher health risks over those land-lost farmers and the health status of land-lost farmers is significantly worse than that of those with land. Land expropriation has a negative impact on the land-lost farmer’s health through income effects and psychological effects. The health status of land-lost farmers can be enhanced through amending current land requisition policies, increasing the amount of compensation, improving the earning capacity of land-lost farmers and strengthening mental health education.
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27
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert S Hogg
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada; BC Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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Scott SB, Munoz E, Mogle JA, Gamaldo AA, Smyth JM, Almeida DM, Sliwinski MJ. Perceived neighborhood characteristics predict severity and emotional response to daily stressors. Soc Sci Med 2018; 200:262-270. [PMID: 29191514 PMCID: PMC5893366 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2017.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Neighborhood characteristics may influence health and well-being outcomes through stressors in daily life. OBJECTIVES This study tested whether a varied set of perceived characteristics of neighborhood (i.e., social cohesion, safety, aesthetic quality, violence) predicted stressor frequency and severity as well as negative emotional responses to stressors. We predicted greater reported cohesion and safety and less violence would be associated with less frequent stressor exposure and severity and less intense negative affect following stressors; we conducted subsequent tests of neighborhood aesthetic quality as a predictor. METHODS Participants (n = 233, age 25-65 years) were residents in a socio-economically, racially, and ethnically diverse zip code in Bronx, New York, most who participated in the Effects of Stress on Cognitive Aging, Physiology and Emotion study between 2012 and 2013. They provided demographic information and neighborhood ratings, then participated in the EMA protocol in which they completed brief smartphone surveys of current negative affect and stressor exposure, severity, and recency, five times daily for 14 days. RESULTS No coded neighborhood characteristic was related to the frequency of stressors. Individuals who reported greater neighborhood violence, however, rated their stressors as more severe. Individuals rating their neighborhood lower in safety or aesthetic quality, or higher in violence, had greater negative affect following stressors. CONCLUSION Even among people living within the same zip code, individual differences in perceptions of neighborhood predict how stressful they appraised stressors in daily life to be and how much negative affect they reported following stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elizabeth Munoz
- Department of Psychology, University of California-Riverside, USA.
| | | | - Alyssa A Gamaldo
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Pennsylvania State University, USA.
| | - Joshua M Smyth
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, Pennsylvania State University, USA.
| | - David M Almeida
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Pennsylvania State University, USA.
| | - Martin J Sliwinski
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Pennsylvania State University, USA.
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Linking financial hardship throughout the life-course with psychological distress in old age: Sensitive period, accumulation of risks, and chain of risks hypotheses. Soc Sci Med 2018; 201:111-119. [DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2018.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Kendig H, Gong CH, Yiengprugsawan V, Silverstein M, Nazroo J. Life course influences on later life health in China: Childhood health exposure and socioeconomic mediators during adulthood. SSM Popul Health 2017; 3:795-802. [PMID: 29349264 PMCID: PMC5769110 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2017.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Revised: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
China's unprecedented population aging and social and economic change raise important issues concerning life course determinants of advantage or disadvantage into later life. Data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) 2013 were analysed to identify the influence of childhood health on later life health as indicated by self-rated health and how this influence could be mediated by social and economic positions (SEP) and resources later in the life span. CHARLS provides nationally representative data on 18, 000 individuals aged 45 years and above in approximately 150 districts and 450 villages. Both multivariate logit regression model and KHB method (Karlson/Holm/Breen method) were applied to examine and decompose the life span influences on later life health. The results show that the childhood health, accounts for approximately half of the effect directly and another half of the effect indirectly through social and economic variations during adulthood. Relative living standard, marital status and urban residence are the most significant and important social and economic mediators for men; For women, living standard and secondary schooling are most influential while marital status is not significant. Implications for social and economic policies to improve later life health are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hal Kendig
- Centre for Research on Ageing, Health and Wellbeing, Research School of Population Health, Australian National University, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Population Ageing Research, Australia
| | - Cathy Honge Gong
- Centre for Research on Ageing, Health and Wellbeing, Research School of Population Health, Australian National University, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Population Ageing Research, Australia
| | - Vasoontara Yiengprugsawan
- Centre for Research on Ageing, Health and Wellbeing, Research School of Population Health, Australian National University, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Population Ageing Research, Australia
| | | | - James Nazroo
- The ESRC Centre on Dynamics of Ethnicity (CoDE), the University of Manchester, UK
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Nurius PS, Fleming CM, Brindle E. Life Course Pathways From Adverse Childhood Experiences to Adult Physical Health: A Structural Equation Model. J Aging Health 2017; 31:211-230. [PMID: 28845729 DOI: 10.1177/0898264317726448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study examines pathways from adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) to physical health, directly and indirectly through lower income, health risk behaviors, social support, and adult adversity within a theoretical framework postulating stress proliferative and biological trajectories of cumulative adversity. METHOD Data were obtained from 12,549 adult respondents of a state Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System survey. Multigroup structural equation modeling elucidated pathways differentiated by sex and age (older/younger than 45). RESULTS Good model fit was achieved in each test, indicating consistency with stress theorizing that ACEs significantly contribute to poorer physical health through direct and mediated paths. Younger adults evidenced direct ACE pathway to poor health suggesting early biological erosion, whereas paucity of social support among older adults was directly associated. DISCUSSION Findings indicate that stress process roles in eroding physical health and experience of wellness. Addressing early adversity is an important strategy toward reducing preventable health problems.
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Pavela G. Is Childhood Socioeconomic Status Independently Associated with Adult BMI after Accounting for Adult and Neighborhood Socioeconomic Status? PLoS One 2017; 12:e0168481. [PMID: 28095430 PMCID: PMC5241009 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0168481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Childhood socioeconomic status (SES) is inversely associated with adult weight in high income countries. Whether the influence of childhood SES on adult weight is best described using a critical period model or an accumulation of risk model is not yet settled. This research tests whether childhood SES is associated with adult BMI and likelihood of obesity independent of adult socioeconomic status and neighborhood characteristics. Data on individual childhood and adult characteristics come from the Health and Retirement Study (N = 13,545). Data on neighborhood characteristics come from the 2000 Decennial Census and American Community Survey (2005-2009). In the fully adjusted models, perceived financial hardship before the age of sixteen and having a father who was unemployed are associated with higher BMI among males and, among females, paternal education remains associated with adult BMI. However, childhood SES is not associated with likelihood of obesity after fully adjusting for adult SES and neighborhood characteristics, suggesting that the direct effects of early childhood SES on BMI are small relative to the other factors associated with obesity in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory Pavela
- School of Public Health, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Korhonen K, Remes H, Martikainen P. Education as a social pathway from parental socioeconomic position to depression in late adolescence and early adulthood: a Finnish population-based register study. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2017; 52:105-116. [PMID: 27761600 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-016-1296-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE There is inconsistent evidence for social differentials in the risk of depression in youth, and little is known about how education at this age influences the risk. We assess how parental socioeconomic position (SEP) and education predict depression from late adolescence to early adulthood, a time of major educational transitions. METHODS We followed a nationally representative 20 % sample of Finnish adolescents born in 1986-1990 (n = 60,829) over two educational transitory stages at the age of 17-19 and 20-23 covering the years 2003-2011. We identified incident depression using health care register data. We estimated the risk of depression by parental SEP and personal education using Cox regression, adjusting for family structure, parental depression and the individual's own psychiatric history. RESULTS Lower parental income was associated with up to a twofold risk of depression. This effect was almost fully attributable to other parental characteristics or mediated by the individual's own education. Educational differences in risk were attenuated following adjustment for prior psychiatric history. Adjusted for all covariates, not being in education increased the risk up to 2.5-fold compared to being enrolled in general upper secondary school at the age of 17-19 and in tertiary education at the age of 20-23. Vocationally oriented women experienced a 20 % higher risk than their academically oriented counterparts in both age groups. CONCLUSIONS Education constitutes a social pathway from parental SEP to the risk of depression in youth, whereby educational differences previously shown in adults are observed already before the establishment of adulthood SEP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaarina Korhonen
- Population Research Unit, Department of Social Research, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 18, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Hanna Remes
- Population Research Unit, Department of Social Research, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 18, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pekka Martikainen
- Population Research Unit, Department of Social Research, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 18, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.,Centre for Health Equity Studies (CHESS), Stockholm University and Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany
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Huang Y, Song Q, Tao R, Liang Z. Migration, Family Arrangement, and Children's Health in China. Child Dev 2016; 89:e74-e90. [PMID: 27982411 DOI: 10.1111/cdev.12699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
With unprecedented migration taking place in China, millions of children are profoundly affected. Using a sample of 916 children (aged 5-18) of migrants and the life course perspective, this article examines the impact of parental migration on children's health. Results show that migration has a complex impact on children's health. Although migrating to cities itself does not benefit children, poor housing conditions in cities have a negative impact on their health. The timing of parental migration is important, as preschoolers migrating with parents and teenagers left behind by parents have significantly worse health than others. Migration also has a gendered effect, as teenage boys benefit from migrating to cities but suffer from being left behind when compared to teenage girls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youqin Huang
- University at Albany, State University of New York
| | | | | | - Zai Liang
- University at Albany, State University of New York
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35
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Song Y, Sun W. Health Consequences of Rural-to-Urban Migration: Evidence from Panel Data in China. HEALTH ECONOMICS 2016; 25:1252-1267. [PMID: 26105809 DOI: 10.1002/hec.3212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2014] [Revised: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This paper provides new empirical evidence on the health consequences of rural-to-urban migration in China. We use a panel dataset from 2003 to 2006 constructed by the Research Center on the Rural Economy at the Ministry of Agriculture in China to investigate the effects of short-term and medium-term migration on health status. By combining propensity-score matching and the difference-in-difference model, we attempt to overcome the migration endogeneity issue and estimate the average treatment effect on the treated. We find that the effect of short-term migration on health in China is significantly positive mostly because of the income effect. However, the effect of longer-term continuous migration on health is insignificant and close to zero. Our results are robust to several alternative estimation techniques and a series of robustness checks. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Song
- School of Economics, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Wenkai Sun
- School of Economics, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
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36
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Pensola TH, Martikainen P. Effect of living conditions in the parental home and youth paths on the social class differences in mortality among women. Scand J Public Health 2016; 31:428-38. [PMID: 14675934 DOI: 10.1080/14034950310003980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Aims: A longitudinal study was undertaken to assess the effects of parental home and youth paths on the adult social class differences in mortality among women. Methods: The study used population registration data on all Finnish women aged 30 - 34 in 1990 for whom information on their childhood characteristics and youth paths were available from the 1970, 1975, 1980, 1985, and 1990 censuses. Cause of death follow-up was for the period 1991-98 (1,185 deaths). Results: Adjusting for parental social class, family type, and number of siblings attenuated the effects of adult social class on cardiovascular disease mortality by 27%; for all external causes this attenuation was negligible. Educational, marital, and employment paths accounted for a substantial part (30 - 85%) of the social class differences in mortality for all specific causes of death. Conclusions: Although living conditions in the parental home were associated with mediating life trajectories in youth their effect on adult social class differences in mortality was moderate. Youth paths have a pervasive influence on mortality risks and social class differences in mortality in middle adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiina H Pensola
- Population Research Unit, Department of Sociology, University of Helsinki, Finland.
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Abstract
As the basic sciences that inform conceptions of human health advance, so must the models that are used to frame additional research, to teach the next generation of providers, and to inform health policy. This article briefly reviews the evolution from a biomedical model to a biopsychosocial (BPS) model and to an ecobiodevelopmental (EBD) model. Like the BPS model, the EBD model reaffirms the biological significance of psychosocial features within the patient's ecology, but it does so at the molecular and cellular levels. More importantly, the EBD model adds the dimension of time, forcing providers to "think developmentally" and to acknowledge the considerable biological and psychological consequences of previous experiences. For the health care system to move from a reactive "sick care" system to a proactive "well care" system, all providers must begin thinking developmentally by acknowledging the dynamic but cumulative dance between nature and nurture that drives development, behavior, and health, not only in childhood, but across the lifespan.
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Mauduit F, Domenici P, Farrell AP, Lacroix C, Le Floch S, Lemaire P, Nicolas-Kopec A, Whittington M, Zambonino-Infante JL, Claireaux G. Assessing chronic fish health: An application to a case of an acute exposure to chemically treated crude oil. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2016; 178:197-208. [PMID: 27522032 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2016.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Revised: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Human alteration of marine ecosystems is substantial and growing. Yet, no adequate methodology exists that provides reliable predictions of how environmental degradation will affect these ecosystems at a relevant level of biological organization. The primary objective of this study was to develop a methodology to evaluate a fish's capacity to face a well-established environmental challenge, an exposure to chemically dispersed oil, and characterize the long-term consequences. Therefore, we applied high-throughput, non-lethal challenge tests to assess hypoxia tolerance, temperature susceptibility and maximal swimming speed as proxies for a fish's functional integrity. These whole animal challenge tests were implemented before (1 month) and after (1 month) juvenile European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) had been acutely exposed (48h) to a mixture containing 0.08gL(-1) of weathered Arabian light crude oil plus 4% dispersant (Corexit© EC9500A), a realistic exposure concentration during an oil spill. In addition, experimental populations were then transferred into semi-natural tidal mesocosm ponds and correlates of Darwinian fitness (growth and survival) were monitored over a period of 4 months. Our results revealed that fish acutely exposed to chemically dispersed oil remained impaired in terms of their hypoxia tolerance and swimming performance, but not in temperature susceptibility for 1 month post-exposure. Nevertheless, these functional impairments had no subsequent ecological consequences under mildly selective environmental conditions since growth and survival were not impacted during the mesocosm pond study. Furthermore, the earlier effects on fish performance were presumably temporary because re-testing the fish 10 months post-exposure revealed no significant residual effects on hypoxia tolerance, temperature susceptibility and maximal swimming speed. We propose that the functional proxies and correlates of Darwinian fitness used here provide a useful assessment tool for fish health in the marine environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Mauduit
- Université de Bretagne Occidentale, LEMAR (UMR 6539), Centre Ifremer de Bretagne, 29280 Plouzané, France.
| | - P Domenici
- CNR-IAMC, Località Sa Mardini, 09072 Torregrande, Oristano, Italy
| | - A P Farrell
- University of British Columbia, Department of Zoology and Faculty of Land and Food Systems, 2357 Main Mall, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - C Lacroix
- CEDRE, Research Department, 715 rue Alain Colas, CS 41836, Brest 29218-Cedex 2, France
| | - S Le Floch
- CEDRE, Research Department, 715 rue Alain Colas, CS 41836, Brest 29218-Cedex 2, France
| | - P Lemaire
- Total Fluides, 24 Cours Michelet, La Défense 10, 92069 Paris La Défense-Cedex, France
| | - A Nicolas-Kopec
- The International Tanker Owners Pollution Federation Limited (ITOPF), 1 Oliver's Yard, 55 City Road, London EC1Y 1HQ, United Kingdom
| | - M Whittington
- The International Tanker Owners Pollution Federation Limited (ITOPF), 1 Oliver's Yard, 55 City Road, London EC1Y 1HQ, United Kingdom
| | | | - G Claireaux
- Université de Bretagne Occidentale, LEMAR (UMR 6539), Centre Ifremer de Bretagne, 29280 Plouzané, France
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Best A, Stokols D, Green LW, Leischow S, Holmes B, Buchholz K. An Integrative Framework for Community Partnering to Translate Theory into Effective Health Promotion Strategy. Am J Health Promot 2016; 18:168-76. [PMID: 14621414 DOI: 10.4278/0890-1171-18.2.168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Introduction. Although there is general agreement about the complex interplay among individual-, family-, organizational-, and community-level factors as they influence health outcomes, there is still a gap between health promotion research and practice. The authors suggest that a disjuncture exists between the multiple theories and models of health promotion and the practitioner's need for a more unified set of guidelines for comprehensive planning of programs. Therefore, we put forward in this paper an idea toward closing the gap between research and practice, a case for developing an overarching framework—with several health promotion models that could integrate existing theories—and applying it to comprehensive health promotion strategy. An Integrative Framework. We outline a theoretical foundation for future health promotion research and practice that integrates four models: the social ecology; the Life Course Health Development; the Predisposing, Reinforcing, and Enabling Constructs in Educational/Environmental Diagnosis and Evaluation–Policy, Regulatory and Organizational Constructs in Educational and Environmental Development; and the community partnering models. The first three models are well developed and complementary. There is little consensus on the latter model, community partnering. However, we suggest that such a model is a vital part of an overall framework, and we present an approach to reconciling theoretical tensions among researchers and practitioners involved in community health promotion. Integrating the Models: The Need for Systems Theory and Thinking. Systems theory has been relatively ignored both by the health promotion field and, more generally, by the health services. We make a case for greater use of systems theory in the development of an overall framework, both to improve integration and to incorporate key concepts from the diverse systems literatures of other disciplines. Vision for Healthy Communities. (1) Researchers and practitioners understand the complex interplay among individual-, family-, organizational-, and community-level factors as they influence population health; (2) health promotion researchers and practitioners collaborate effectively with others in the community to create integrated strategies that work as a system to address a wide array of health-related factors; (3) The Healthy People Objectives for the Nation includes balanced indicators to reflect health promotion realities and research-measures effects on all levels; (4) the gap between community health promotion “best practices” guidelines and the way things work in the everyday world of health promotion practice has been substantially closed. Conclusions and Recommendations. We suggest critical next steps toward closing the gap between health promotion research and practice: investing in networks that promote, support, and sustain ongoing dialogue and sharing of experience; finding common ground in an approach to community partnering; and gaining consensus on the proposed integrating framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allan Best
- Centre for Clinical Epidemiology and Evaluation, Vancouver Hospital and Health Sciences Centre, Department of Health Care and Epidemiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Callahan T, Stampfel C, Cornell A, Diop H, Barnes-Josiah D, Kane D, Mccracken S, McKane P, Phillips G, Theall K, Pies C, Sappenfield W. From Theory to Measurement: Recommended State MCH Life Course Indicators. Matern Child Health J 2016; 19:2336-47. [PMID: 26122251 PMCID: PMC4595527 DOI: 10.1007/s10995-015-1767-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Purpose In May 2012, the Association of Maternal and Child Health (MCH) Programs initiated a project to develop indicators for use at a state or community level to assess, monitor, and evaluate the application of life course principles to public health. Description Using a developmental framework established by a national expert panel, teams of program leaders, epidemiologists, and academicians from seven states proposed indicators for initial consideration. More than 400 indicators were initially proposed, 102 were selected for full assessment and review, and 59 were selected for final recommendation as Maternal and Child Health (MCH) life course indicators. Assessment Each indicator was assessed on five core features of a life course approach: equity, resource realignment, impact, intergenerational wellness, and life course evidence. Indicators were also assessed on three data criteria: quality, availability, and simplicity. Conclusion These indicators represent a major step toward the translation of the life course perspective from theory to application. MCH programs implementing program and policy changes guided by the life course framework can use these initial measures to assess and influence their approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tegan Callahan
- Field Services Office, Office for State, Tribal, Local and Territorial Support, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Dekalb County, GA, USA.
| | - Caroline Stampfel
- Association of Maternal and Child Health Programs, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Andria Cornell
- Association of Maternal and Child Health Programs, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Hafsatou Diop
- Office of Data Translation, Bureau of Family Health and Nutrition, Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Debora Barnes-Josiah
- Lifespan Health Services Unit, Nebraska Department of Health and Human Services, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Debra Kane
- Field Support Branch, Division of Reproductive Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Dekalb County, GA, USA
- Bureau of Family Health, Division of Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention, Iowa Department of Public Health, Des Moines, IA, USA
| | - Sarah Mccracken
- Women's and Children's Health Section, Division of Public Health, North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Patricia McKane
- Maternal Child Health Epidemiology Unit, Lifecourse Epidemiology and Genomics Division, Michigan Department of Community Health, Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Ghasi Phillips
- Field Support Branch, Division of Reproductive Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Dekalb County, GA, USA
- Division of Community Health Promotion, Florida Department of Health, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Katherine Theall
- Department of Global Community Health and Behavioral Sciences, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Cheri Pies
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
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Kang S, Marks NF. Marital Strain Exacerbates Health Risks of Filial Caregiving: Evidence from the 2005 National Survey of Midlife in the U.S. JOURNAL OF FAMILY ISSUES 2016; 37:1123-1150. [PMID: 27134326 PMCID: PMC4847153 DOI: 10.1177/0192513x14526392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This study examined linkages between providing care for a parent (in contrast to not providing any care to other kin or nonkin) and four dimensions of physical health (self-rated health, functional limitations, physical symptoms, chronic conditions), as well as moderation of these linkages by gender and a negative dimension of marital quality--marital strain. Regression models were estimated using telephone and self-administered questionnaire data from 1080 married men and women who participated in the National Survey of Midlife in the U.S. (MIDUS) 2005. Although providing filial care was not found to be a global health risk for all married caregivers, marital strain was a critical factor in determining risk. Contrary to hypothesis, robust gender differences were not in evidence. But among both women and men, caregiving for a parent in the presence of high levels of marital strain was associated with significantly poorer health across all four evaluated outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- SunWoo Kang
- Department of Counseling and Human Development, South Dakota State University
| | - Nadine F Marks
- Human Development and Family Studies, University of Wisconsin-Madison
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Jonsson F, San Sebastian M, Strömsten LMJ, Hammarström A, Gustafsson PE. Life Course Pathways of Adversities Linking Adolescent Socioeconomic Circumstances and Functional Somatic Symptoms in Mid-Adulthood: A Path Analysis Study. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0155963. [PMID: 27214206 PMCID: PMC4877101 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0155963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
While research examining the health impact of early socioeconomic conditions suggests that effects may exist independently of or jointly with adult socioeconomic position, studies exploring other potential pathways are few. Following a chain of risk life course model, this prospective study seeks to examine whether pathways of occupational class as well as material and social adversities across the life course link socioeconomic disadvantage in adolescent to functional somatic symptoms in mid-adulthood. Applying path analysis, a multiple mediator model was assessed using prospective data collected during 26 years through the Northern Swedish Cohort. The sample contained 987 individuals residing in the municipality of Luleå, Sweden, who participated in questionnaire surveys at age 16, 21, 30 and 42. Socioeconomic conditions (high/low) in adolescence (age 16) were operationalized using the occupation of the parents, while occupational class in adulthood (manual/non-manual) was measured using the participant’s own occupation at age 21 and 30. The adversity measurements were constructed as separate age specific parcels at age 21 and 30. Social adversity included items pertaining to stressful life events that could potentially harm salient relationships, while material adversity was operationalized using items concerning unfavorable financial and material circumstances. Functional somatic symptoms at age 42 was a summary measure of self-reported physical symptoms, palpitation and sleeping difficulties that had occurred during the last 12 months. An association between socioeconomic conditions at age 16 and functional somatic symptoms at age 42 (r = 0.068) which was partially explained by people’s own occupational class at age 21 and then material as well as social adversity at age 30 was revealed. Rather than proposing a direct and independent health effect of the socioeconomic conditions of the family, the present study suggests that growing up in an unfavorable socioeconomic environment might be a source for a chain of adverse material and social living situations, which in turn affects adult health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frida Jonsson
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Unit of Epidemiology and Global Health, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- * E-mail:
| | - Miguel San Sebastian
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Unit of Epidemiology and Global Health, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Lotta M. J. Strömsten
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Unit of Epidemiology and Global Health, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Anne Hammarström
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Unit of Epidemiology and Global Health, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Per E. Gustafsson
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Unit of Epidemiology and Global Health, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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Broadbent JM, Zeng J, Foster Page LA, Baker SR, Ramrakha S, Thomson WM. Oral Health-related Beliefs, Behaviors, and Outcomes through the Life Course. J Dent Res 2016; 95:808-13. [PMID: 26936215 DOI: 10.1177/0022034516634663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Complex associations exist among socioeconomic status (SES) in early life, beliefs about oral health care (held by individuals and their parents), and oral health-related behaviors. The pathways to poor adult oral health are difficult to model and describe, especially due to a lack of longitudinal data. The study aim was to explore possible pathways of oral health from birth to adulthood (age 38 y). We hypothesized that higher socioeconomic position in childhood would predict favorable oral health beliefs in adolescence and early adulthood, which in turn would predict favorable self-care and dental attendance behaviors; those would lead to lower dental caries experience and better self-reported oral health by age 38 y. A generalized structural equation modeling approach was used to investigate the relationship among oral health-related beliefs, behaviors in early adulthood, and dental health outcomes and quality of life in adulthood (age, 38 y), based on longitudinal data from a population-based birth cohort. The current investigation utilized prospectively collected data on early (up to 15 y) and adult (26 and 32 y) SES, oral health-related beliefs (15, 26, and 32 y), self-care behaviors (15, 28, and 32 y), oral health outcomes (e.g., number of carious and missing tooth surfaces), and oral health-related quality of life (38 y). Early SES and parental oral health-related beliefs were associated with the study members' oral health-related beliefs, which in turn predicted toothbrushing and dental service use. Toothbrushing and dental service use were associated with the number of untreated carious and missing tooth surfaces in adulthood. The number of untreated carious and missing tooth surfaces were associated with oral health-related quality of life. Oral health toward the end of the fourth decade of life is associated with intergenerational factors and various aspects of people's beliefs, SES, dental attendance, and self-care operating since the childhood years.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Broadbent
- Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - J Zeng
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - L A Foster Page
- Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - S R Baker
- Unit of Dental Public Health, School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - S Ramrakha
- Department of Psychology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - W M Thomson
- Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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Ali MK, Bhaskarapillai B, Shivashankar R, Mohan D, Fatmi ZA, Pradeepa R, Masood Kadir M, Mohan V, Tandon N, Narayan KMV, Prabhakaran D. Socioeconomic status and cardiovascular risk in urban South Asia: The CARRS Study. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2016; 23:408-19. [PMID: 25917221 PMCID: PMC5560768 DOI: 10.1177/2047487315580891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although South Asians experience cardiovascular disease (CVD) and risk factors at an early age, the distribution of CVD risks across the socioeconomic spectrum remains unclear. METHODS We analysed the 2011 Centre for Cardiometabolic Risk Reduction in South Asia survey data including 16,288 non-pregnant adults (≥20 years) that are representative of Chennai and Delhi, India, and Karachi, Pakistan. Socioeconomic status (SES) was defined by highest education (primary schooling, high/secondary schooling, college graduate or greater); wealth tertiles (low, middle, high household assets) and occupation (not working outside home, semi/unskilled, skilled, white-collar work). We estimated age and sex-standardized prevalence of behavioural (daily fruit/vegetables; tobacco use), weight (body mass index; waist-to-height ratio) and metabolic risk factors (diabetes, hypertension, hypercholesterolaemia; hypo-HDL; and hypertriglyceridaemia) by each SES category. RESULTS Across cities, 61.2% and 16.1% completed secondary and college educations, respectively; 52.8% reported not working, 22.9% were unskilled; 21.3% were skilled and 3.1% were white-collar workers. For behavioural risk factors, low fruit/vegetable intake, smoked and smokeless tobacco use were more prevalent in lowest education, wealthy and occupation (for men only) groups compared to higher SES counterparts, while weight-related risks (body mass index 25.0-29.9 and ≥30 kg/m(2); waist-to-height ratio ≥0.5) were more common in higher educated and wealthy groups, and technical/professional men. For metabolic risks, a higher prevalence of diabetes, hypertension and dyslipidaemias was observed in more educated and affluent groups, with unclear patterns across occupation groups. CONCLUSIONS SES-CVD patterns are heterogeneous, suggesting customized interventions for different SES groups may be warranted. Different behavioural, weight, and metabolic risk factor prevalence patterns across SES indicators may signal on-going epidemiological transition in South Asia.
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45
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Lippert AM. Stuck in Unhealthy Places: How Entering, Exiting, and Remaining in Poor and Nonpoor Neighborhoods Is Associated with Obesity during the Transition to Adulthood. JOURNAL OF HEALTH AND SOCIAL BEHAVIOR 2016; 57:1-21. [PMID: 26957132 DOI: 10.1177/0022146515627682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Adolescents from poor versus nonpoor neighborhoods are more likely to become obese during the transition to adulthood. It is unclear whether this pertains to all adolescents from poor neighborhoods or only those who remain in disadvantaged settings. Further, it is unknown how neighborhood poverty entries and exits are associated with obesity. Using census and interview data from 12,164 National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health participants, I find that those who consistently live in poor neighborhoods are more likely to become or remain obese by adulthood than those who never live in poor neighborhoods. Exiting severe neighborhood poverty curtails this risk, while entering and remaining in neighborhood poverty in adulthood increases it. These patterns are more pronounced for young women and robust to adjustments for health behaviors and selection bias. Findings support accumulation of risks and social mobility perspectives and highlight how previous and current neighborhood contexts are relevant for health.
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46
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Opening the Social: Sociological Imagination in Life Course Studies. HANDBOOKS OF SOCIOLOGY AND SOCIAL RESEARCH 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-20880-0_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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47
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Westerlund H, Rajaleid K, Virtanen P, Gustafsson PE, Nummi T, Hammarström A. Parental academic involvement in adolescence as predictor of mental health trajectories over the life course: a prospective population-based cohort study. BMC Public Health 2015; 15:653. [PMID: 26170226 PMCID: PMC4499905 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-015-1977-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 06/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mental health problems are rising, especially among younger people, indicating a need to identify determinants of the development of mental health over the life course. Parental involvement in their children's studies, particularly in terms of academic socialisation, has been shown to predict better mental health in adulthood, as well as other more favourable health outcomes, but no study published so far has examined its impact on trajectories of mental health. We therefore sought to elucidate the role of parental involvement at age 16 on the life course development of internalised mental health symptoms. METHODS In a population-based cohort (452 women and 488 men, 87% of the eligible participants), we examined the association between parental involvement in their offspring's studies, measured by teacher and pupil ratings at age 16, and an index of internalised mental health symptoms at the ages of 16, 18, 21, 30, and 43. Using latent class trajectory analysis, 5 different trajectories were derived from these indices: Very low stable (least symptoms), Low stable, Increasing, Moderate stable, and High decreasing (most symptoms). Multinomial logistic regression was used to regress trajectory membership on the parental involvement variables. RESULTS Teacher-rated parental interest in their offspring's studies during the last year of compulsory school was associated with a lower risk of entering the Moderate stable (OR = 0.54; 95% CI 0.30 to 0.98) and High decreasing (OR = 0.41; 0.18 to 0.91) trajectories, compared with the Low stable, also after adjustment for sex, parental social class and mental health, family unemployment and own school grades. Both these associations were present only in children with grades above the national average. Student-rated availability of assistance with homework was associated with a higher chance of entering the Very low stable trajectory in the whole sample (OR = 1.24; 1.07 to 1.43), in men (OR = 1.25; 1.05 to 1.48) and in those with above average grades (OR = 1.39; 1.13 to 1.72), and with a lower risk of entering the Moderate stable in women (OR = 0.74; 0.55 to 0.99), also after the same adjustments. CONCLUSIONS Parental involvement in their offspring's studies may buffer against poor mental health in adolescence which may track into adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Westerlund
- Stress Research Institute, Stockholm University, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Kristiina Rajaleid
- Stress Research Institute, Stockholm University, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Pekka Virtanen
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Social Medicine, Umeå University, SE-901 85, Umeå, Sweden. .,Institute for Advanced Social Research, University of Tampere, FI-33014, Tampere, Finland.
| | - Per E Gustafsson
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Social Medicine, Umeå University, SE-901 85, Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Tapio Nummi
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Social Medicine, Umeå University, SE-901 85, Umeå, Sweden. .,School of Information Sciences, University of Tampere, FI-33014, Tampere, Finland.
| | - Anne Hammarström
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Social Medicine, Umeå University, SE-901 85, Umeå, Sweden.
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Strobl R, Maier W, Ludyga A, Mielck A, Grill E. Relevance of community structures and neighbourhood characteristics for participation of older adults: a qualitative study. Qual Life Res 2015; 25:143-52. [DOI: 10.1007/s11136-015-1049-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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49
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Docherty SL, Kayle M, Maslow GR, Santacroce SJ. The Adolescent and Young Adult with Cancer: A Developmental Life Course Perspective. Semin Oncol Nurs 2015. [PMID: 26210197 DOI: 10.1016/j.soncn.2015.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Using a Life Course Health Development framework, this article summarizes what is known about the impact of cancer and its treatment on the biopsychosocial world of the adolescent and young adult. DATA SOURCES Published peer reviewed literature, web-based resources, and cancer-related professional organizations' resources. CONCLUSION Adolescents and young adults with cancer, between 15 and 29 years of age, have emerged as a distinct group requiring specialized care. The demands of cancer and its treatment are often directly counter to the developmental needs of this age group and often alter those life course experiences that contribute to resilience, thriving, and flourishing. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE Providing high-quality care to this age group requires a depth of understanding of the complexity of factors that merge to influence the developmental life course.
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Szyf M. Epigenetics, a key for unlocking complex CNS disorders? Therapeutic implications. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2015; 25:682-702. [PMID: 24857313 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2014.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2013] [Revised: 12/07/2013] [Accepted: 01/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant changes in gene function are believed to be involved in a wide spectrum of human disease including behavioral, cognitive and neurodegenerative pathologies. Most of the attention in last few decades have focused on changes in gene sequence as a cause of gene dysfunction leading to disease and mental health disorders. Germ line mutations or other alterations in the sequence of DNA that associate with different behavioral and neurological pathologies have been identified. However, sequence alterations explain only a small fraction of the cases. In addition there is evidence for "gene-environment" interactions in the brain suggesting mechanisms that alter gene function and the phenotype through environmental exposure. Genes are programmed by "epigenetic" mechanisms such as chromatin structure, chromatin modification and DNA methylation. These mechanisms confer on similar sequences different identities during cellular differentiation. Epigenetic differences are proposed to be involved in differentiating gene function in response to different environmental contexts and could result in alterations in functional gene networks that lead to brain disease. Epigenetic markers could serve important biomarkers in brain and behavioral diseases. Moreover, epigenetic processes are potentially reversible pointing to epigenetic therapeutics in psychotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moshe Szyf
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada H3G1Y5.
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