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McCarthy C, Papada E, Kalea AZ. The effects of cereal β-glucans on cardiovascular risk factors and the role of the gut microbiome. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2024:1-17. [PMID: 38826110 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2024.2345159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
The human gut microbiome has emerged as a key influencer of human health and disease, particularly through interactions with dietary fiber. However, national dietary guidelines worldwide are only beginning to capitalize on the potential of microbiome research, which has established the vital role of host-microbe interactions in mediating the physiological effects of diet on overall health and disease. β-glucans have been demonstrated to modulate the composition of the gut microbiota, leading to improved outcomes in cardiovascular disease (CVD). Raised serum cholesterol and blood pressure are important modifiable risk factors in the development of CVD and emerging evidence highlights the role of the gut microbiota in ameliorating such biomarkers and clinical characteristics of the disease. The proposed mechanism of action of β-glucans on the pathophysiological mechanisms of disease have yet to be elucidated. Validating gaps in the literature may substantiate β-glucans as a potential novel dietary therapy against modifiable risk factors for CVD and would further support the public health significance of including a habitual fiber-rich diet.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Anastasia Z Kalea
- Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
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2
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Ge Q, Yan Y, Luo Y, Teng T, Cao C, Zhao D, Zhang J, Li C, Chen W, Yang B, Yi Z, Chang T, Chen X. Dietary supplements: clinical cholesterol-lowering efficacy and potential mechanisms of action. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2024; 75:349-368. [PMID: 38659110 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2024.2342301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
This review aims to analyse the efficacy of dietary supplements in reducing plasma cholesterol levels. Focusing on evidence from meta-analyses of randomised controlled clinical trials, with an emphasis on potential mechanisms of action as supported by human, animal, and cell studies. Certain dietary supplements including phytosterols, berberine, viscous soluble dietary fibres, garlic supplements, soy protein, specific probiotic strains, and certain polyphenol extracts could significantly reduce plasma total and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels by 3-25% in hypercholesterolemic patients depending on the type of supplement. They tended to be more effective in reducing plasma LDL cholesterol level in hypercholesterolemic individuals than in normocholesterolemic individuals. These supplements worked by various mechanisms, such as enhancing the excretion of bile acids, inhibiting the absorption of cholesterol in the intestines, increasing the expression of hepatic LDL receptors, suppressing the activity of enzymes involved in cholesterol synthesis, and activating the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Ge
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology of Agricultural Products, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, China
| | - Yue Yan
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology of Agricultural Products, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, China
| | - Yang Luo
- Ningxia Institute of Science and Technology Development Strategy and Information, Yinchuan, China
| | - Tai Teng
- Ningxia Guolong Hospital Co., LTD, Yinchuan, China
| | - Caixia Cao
- People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, China
| | - Danqing Zhao
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology of Agricultural Products, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology of Agricultural Products, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, China
| | - Caihong Li
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology of Agricultural Products, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, China
| | - Wang Chen
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology of Agricultural Products, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, China
| | - Binkun Yang
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology of Agricultural Products, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, China
| | - Zicheng Yi
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Tengwen Chang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology of Agricultural Products, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, China
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3
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Okamura T, Tsukamoto K, Arai H, Fujioka Y, Ishigaki Y, Koba S, Ohmura H, Shoji T, Yokote K, Yoshida H, Yoshida M, Deguchi J, Dobashi K, Fujiyoshi A, Hamaguchi H, Hara M, Harada-Shiba M, Hirata T, Iida M, Ikeda Y, Ishibashi S, Kanda H, Kihara S, Kitagawa K, Kodama S, Koseki M, Maezawa Y, Masuda D, Miida T, Miyamoto Y, Nishimura R, Node K, Noguchi M, Ohishi M, Saito I, Sawada S, Sone H, Takemoto M, Wakatsuki A, Yanai H. Japan Atherosclerosis Society (JAS) Guidelines for Prevention of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Diseases 2022. J Atheroscler Thromb 2024; 31:641-853. [PMID: 38123343 DOI: 10.5551/jat.gl2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tomonori Okamura
- Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Keio University School of Medicine
| | | | | | - Yoshio Fujioka
- Faculty of Nutrition, Division of Clinical Nutrition, Kobe Gakuin University
| | - Yasushi Ishigaki
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Iwate Medical University
| | - Shinji Koba
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine
| | - Hirotoshi Ohmura
- Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Tetsuo Shoji
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate school of Medicine
| | - Koutaro Yokote
- Department of Endocrinology, Hematology and Gerontology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Hiroshi Yoshida
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Jikei University Kashiwa Hospital
| | | | - Juno Deguchi
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University
| | - Kazushige Dobashi
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi
| | | | | | - Masumi Hara
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mizonokuchi Hospital, Teikyo University School of Medicine
| | - Mariko Harada-Shiba
- Cardiovascular Center, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University
- Department of Molecular Pathogenesis, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute
| | - Takumi Hirata
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Science, Nara Medical University
| | - Mami Iida
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Gifu Prefectural General Medical Center
| | - Yoshiyuki Ikeda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Hypertension, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University
| | - Shun Ishibashi
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Jichi Medical University, School of Medicine
- Current affiliation: Ishibashi Diabetes and Endocrine Clinic
| | - Hideyuki Kanda
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University
| | - Shinji Kihara
- Medical Laboratory Science and Technology, Division of Health Sciences, Osaka University graduate School of medicine
| | - Kazuo Kitagawa
- Department of Neurology, Tokyo Women's Medical University Hospital
| | - Satoru Kodama
- Department of Prevention of Noncommunicable Diseases and Promotion of Health Checkup, Department of Hematology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Niigata University Faculty of Medicine
| | - Masahiro Koseki
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Yoshiro Maezawa
- Department of Endocrinology, Hematology and Gerontology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Daisaku Masuda
- Department of Cardiology, Center for Innovative Medicine and Therapeutics, Dementia Care Center, Doctor's Support Center, Health Care Center, Rinku General Medical Center
| | - Takashi Miida
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine
| | | | - Rimei Nishimura
- Department of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Jikei University School of Medicine
| | - Koichi Node
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Saga University
| | - Midori Noguchi
- Division of Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University
| | - Mitsuru Ohishi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Hypertension, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University
| | - Isao Saito
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University
| | - Shojiro Sawada
- Division of Metabolism and Diabetes, Faculty of Medicine, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University
| | - Hirohito Sone
- Department of Hematology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Niigata University Faculty of Medicine
| | - Minoru Takemoto
- Department of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, International University of Health and Welfare
| | | | - Hidekatsu Yanai
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Kohnodai Hospital
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4
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Lin H, Han R, Wu W. Glucans and applications in drug delivery. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 332:121904. [PMID: 38431411 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.121904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Glucan is a natural polysaccharide widely distributed in cereals and microorganisms that has various biological activities, including immunomodulatory, anti-infective, anti-inflammatory, and antitumor activities. In addition to wide applications in the broad fields of food, healthcare, and biomedicines, glucans hold promising potential as drug delivery carrier materials or ligands. Specifically, glucan microparticles or yeast cell wall particles are naturally enclosed vehicles with an interior cavity that can be exploited to carry and deliver drug payloads. The biological activities and targeting capacities of glucans depend largely on the recognition of glucan moieties by receptors such as dectin-1 and complement receptor 3, which are widely expressed on the cell membranes of mononuclear phagocytes, dendritic cells, neutrophils, and some lymphocytes. This review summarizes the chemical structures, sources, fundamental properties, extraction methods, and applications of these materials, with an emphasis on drug delivery. Glucans are utilized mainly as vaccine adjuvants, targeting ligands and as carrier materials for various drug entities. It is believed that glucans and glucan microparticles may be useful for the delivery of both small-molecule and macromolecular drugs, especially for potential treatment of immune-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hewei Lin
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery of MOE, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Rongze Han
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery of MOE, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Wei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery of MOE, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China; Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200443, China; Center for Medical Research and Innovation, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai 201399, China; Fudan Zhangjiang Institute, Shanghai 201203, China.
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Fujiyoshi A, Kohsaka S, Hata J, Hara M, Kai H, Masuda D, Miyamatsu N, Nishio Y, Ogura M, Sata M, Sekiguchi K, Takeya Y, Tamura K, Wakatsuki A, Yoshida H, Fujioka Y, Fukazawa R, Hamada O, Higashiyama A, Kabayama M, Kanaoka K, Kawaguchi K, Kosaka S, Kunimura A, Miyazaki A, Nii M, Sawano M, Terauchi M, Yagi S, Akasaka T, Minamino T, Miura K, Node K. JCS 2023 Guideline on the Primary Prevention of Coronary Artery Disease. Circ J 2024; 88:763-842. [PMID: 38479862 DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-23-0285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Shun Kohsaka
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine
| | - Jun Hata
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University
| | - Mitsuhiko Hara
- Department of Health and Nutrition, Wayo Women's University
| | - Hisashi Kai
- Department of Cardiology, Kurume Univeristy Medical Center
| | | | - Naomi Miyamatsu
- Department of Clinical Nursing, Shiga University of Medical Science
| | - Yoshihiko Nishio
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrine Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences
| | - Masatsune Ogura
- Department of General Medical Science, Chiba University School of Medicine
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Eastern Chiba Medical Center
| | - Masataka Sata
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
| | | | - Yasushi Takeya
- Division of Helath Science, Osaka University Gradiate School of Medicine
| | - Kouichi Tamura
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine
| | | | - Hiroshi Yoshida
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Jikei University Kashiwa Hospital
| | - Yoshio Fujioka
- Division of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition, Kobe Gakuin University
| | | | - Osamu Hamada
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Takatsuki General Hospital
| | | | - Mai Kabayama
- Division of Health Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Koshiro Kanaoka
- Department of Medical and Health Information Management, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center
| | - Kenjiro Kawaguchi
- Division of Social Preventive Medical Sciences, Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University
| | | | | | | | - Masaki Nii
- Department of Cardiology, Shizuoka Children's Hospital
| | - Mitsuaki Sawano
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine
- Yale New Haven Hospital Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation
| | | | - Shusuke Yagi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokushima University Hospital
| | - Takashi Akasaka
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nishinomiya Watanabe Cardiovascular Cerebral Center
| | - Tohru Minamino
- Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Meidicine
| | - Katsuyuki Miura
- Department of Preventive Medicine, NCD Epidemiology Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science
| | - Koichi Node
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Saga University
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6
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Jaeger JW, Brandt A, Gui W, Yergaliyev T, Hernández-Arriaga A, Muthu MM, Edlund K, Elashy A, Molinaro A, Möckel D, Sarges J, Halibasic E, Trauner M, Kahles F, Rolle-Kampczyk U, Hengstler J, Schneider CV, Lammers T, Marschall HU, von Bergen M, Camarinha-Silva A, Bergheim I, Trautwein C, Schneider KM. Microbiota modulation by dietary oat beta-glucan prevents steatotic liver disease progression. JHEP Rep 2024; 6:100987. [PMID: 38328439 PMCID: PMC10844974 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2023.100987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background & Aims Changes in gut microbiota in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) are important drivers of disease progression towards fibrosis. Therefore, reversing microbial alterations could ameliorate MASLD progression. Oat beta-glucan, a non-digestible polysaccharide, has shown promising therapeutic effects on hyperlipidemia associated with MASLD, but its impact on gut microbiota and most importantly MASLD-related fibrosis remains unknown. Methods We performed detailed metabolic phenotyping, including assessments of body composition, glucose tolerance, and lipid metabolism, as well as comprehensive characterization of the gut-liver axis in a western-style diet (WSD)-induced model of MASLD and assessed the effect of a beta-glucan intervention on early and advanced liver disease. Gut microbiota were modulated using broad-spectrum antibiotic treatment. Results Oat beta-glucan supplementation did not affect WSD-induced body weight gain or glucose intolerance and the metabolic phenotype remained largely unaffected. Interestingly, oat beta-glucan dampened MASLD-related inflammation, which was associated with significantly reduced monocyte-derived macrophage infiltration and fibroinflammatory gene expression, as well as strongly reduced fibrosis development. Mechanistically, this protective effect was not mediated by changes in bile acid composition or signaling, but was dependent on gut microbiota and was lost upon broad-spectrum antibiotic treatment. Specifically, oat beta-glucan partially reversed unfavorable changes in gut microbiota, resulting in an expansion of protective taxa, including Ruminococcus, and Lactobacillus followed by reduced translocation of Toll-like receptor ligands. Conclusions Our findings identify oat beta-glucan as a highly efficacious food supplement that dampens inflammation and fibrosis development in diet-induced MASLD. These results, along with its favorable dietary profile, suggest that it may be a cost-effective and well-tolerated approach to preventing MASLD progression and should be assessed in clinical studies. Impact and Implications Herein, we investigated the effect of oat beta-glucan on the gut-liver axis and fibrosis development in a mouse model of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). Beta-glucan significantly reduced inflammation and fibrosis in the liver, which was associated with favorable shifts in gut microbiota that protected against bacterial translocation and activation of fibroinflammatory pathways. Together, oat beta-glucan may be a cost-effective and well-tolerated approach to prevent MASLD progression and should be assessed in clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julius W. Jaeger
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Annette Brandt
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wenfang Gui
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Timur Yergaliyev
- Department Microbial Ecology of Livestock at the Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Angélica Hernández-Arriaga
- Department Microbial Ecology of Livestock at the Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Mukil Marutha Muthu
- Department Microbial Ecology of Livestock at the Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Karolina Edlund
- Department of Toxicology, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Ahmed Elashy
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Antonio Molinaro
- Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine and Sahlgrenska Center for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Norwegian PSC Research Center, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Diana Möckel
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging (ExMI), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jan Sarges
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Emina Halibasic
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Trauner
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Florian Kahles
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ulrike Rolle-Kampczyk
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jan Hengstler
- Department of Toxicology, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund, Germany
| | | | - Twan Lammers
- Norwegian PSC Research Center, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hanns-Ulrich Marschall
- Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine and Sahlgrenska Center for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Martin von Bergen
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Leipzig, Germany
| | - Amélia Camarinha-Silva
- Department Microbial Ecology of Livestock at the Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Ina Bergheim
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Trautwein
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
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Chowdhury K, Sinha S, Kumar S, Haque M, Ahmad R. Constipation: A Pristine Universal Pediatric Health Delinquent. Cureus 2024; 16:e52551. [PMID: 38249647 PMCID: PMC10797657 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.52551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Constipation suffered by children is a global public health problem. Functional constipation (FC) brings about deteriorating effects in the children's lives who suffer from it. The risk factors for the development of constipation include the consumption of a diet low in fiber and high in calories (such as the consumption of fast food), a sedentary lifestyle with a lack of exercise, a family history of constipation, and emotional and psychological stress endured by children in their families. It is one of the most common causes of stomachaches in children. FC may lead to fecal incontinence (FI), anal fissures, recurrent urinary tract infections (RUTI), and enuresis in children. Severe constipation may result in stool becoming rock-hard and inflexible in the rectum, which is clinically identified as fecal impaction. It is imperative to perform clinical evaluation and treatment, including pharmacological (the use of stimulant and osmotic laxatives) and non-pharmacological (education, changes in diet, intervention to promote positive behavior and address any emotional issues, toilet training, and physiotherapy for the pelvic floor) interventions. In the case of refractory patients, neuromodulation, the irrigation of the anal canal, and surgical management may be needed. It is essential to lead a healthy, stress-free lifestyle with plenty of exercise and a balanced diet rich in fiber (such as fruits and vegetables) so children can have regular bowel habits and thrive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kona Chowdhury
- Department of Pediatrics, Gonoshasthaya Samaj Vittik Medical College, Dhaka, BGD
| | - Susmita Sinha
- Department of Physiology, Khulna City Medical College and Hospital, Khulna, BGD
| | - Santosh Kumar
- Department of Periodontology and Implantology, Karnavati School of Dentistry, Karnavati University, Gandhinagar, IND
| | - Mainul Haque
- Karnavati Scientific Research Center (KSRC), Karnavati School of Dentistry, Karnavati University, Gandhinagar, IND
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, National Defence University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, MYS
| | - Rahnuma Ahmad
- Department of Physiology, Medical College for Women and Hospital, Dhaka, BGD
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Kohlmeier M, Baah E, Washko M, Adams K. Genotype-informed nutrition counselling in clinical practice. BMJ Nutr Prev Health 2023; 6:407-412. [PMID: 38618528 PMCID: PMC11009529 DOI: 10.1136/bmjnph-2023-000808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Kohlmeier
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, School of Medicine and Gillings School of Global Public Health, and UNC Nutrition Research Institute, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Emmanuel Baah
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, School of Medicine and Gillings School of Global Public Health, and UNC Nutrition Research Institute, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Matthew Washko
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, School of Medicine and Gillings School of Global Public Health, and UNC Nutrition Research Institute, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kelly Adams
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, School of Medicine and Gillings School of Global Public Health, and UNC Nutrition Research Institute, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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9
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Akal C. Using dietary fiber as stabilizer in dairy products: β-glucan and inulin-type fructans. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2023; 60:2945-2954. [PMID: 37786597 PMCID: PMC10542075 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-022-05651-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
β-glucan and inulin-type fructans, considering their beneficial effects on health, are the favorite dietary fibers in recent years. This review firstly gives information on the health-promoting effects of these two fibers, and then, using them in dairy products. They can be used in different dairy products, depending on their properties. However, their effect levels and forms may be different. Especially in probiotic products, these fibers can be used as a multi-functional additive because of their satisfactory stability in dairy products. The stabilizer effect can change in dairy products (e.g., ice cream, beverage) with variable composition/formulation. β-glucan and inulin-type fructans develop textural or rheological properties of dairy products that have relatively more standard composition (such as yogurt, cheese), at varying degrees depending on the proportion. Since the additives used to increase the stability of foods or to extend their shelf life are compounds that are beneficial for health, their usage areas should be increased, and their different potential effects should be known. For this reason, in this review, current information about health effects and usage areas of these components discussed in detail. Consequently, the texture improver effect of these two dietary fibers on dairy products is crucial and has no effect (positive/negative) on physicochemical or flavor properties. Although individual studies have reported a reduction in the amount of acetaldehyde in yogurt or effects that may cause undesirable functional properties in mozzarella cheese, most studies have proven that fiber addition does not have an adverse effect on the properties other than texture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ceren Akal
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Dairy Technology, Ankara University, 06110 Ankara, Turkey
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10
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Chen W, Zhang S, Hu X, Chen F, Li D. A Review of Healthy Dietary Choices for Cardiovascular Disease: From Individual Nutrients and Foods to Dietary Patterns. Nutrients 2023; 15:4898. [PMID: 38068756 PMCID: PMC10708231 DOI: 10.3390/nu15234898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the first cause of mortality globally. Diet plays a fundamental role in cardiovascular health and is closely linked to the development of CVD. Numerous human studies have provided evidence on the relationship between diet and CVD. By discussing the available findings on the dietary components that potentially influence CVD progression and prevention, this review attempted to provide the current state of evidence on healthy dietary choices for CVD. We focus on the effects of individual macronutrients, whole food products, and dietary patterns on the risks of CVD, and the data from population-based trials, observational studies, and meta-analyses are summarized. Unhealthy dietary habits, such as high intake of saturated fatty acids, sugar-sweetened beverages, red meat, and processed meat as well as high salt intake are associated with the increased risk of CVD. Conversely, increased consumption of plant-based components such as dietary fiber, nuts, fruits, and vegetables is shown to be effective in reducing CVD risk factors. The Mediterranean diet appears to be one of the most evidence-based dietary patterns beneficial for CVD prevention. However, there is still great debate regarding whether the supplementation of vitamins and minerals confers cardioprotective benefits. This review provides new insights into the role of dietary factors that are harmful or protective in CVD, which can be adopted for improved cardiovascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Fang Chen
- National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Processing, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture, Engineering Research Centre for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (W.C.); (S.Z.); (X.H.)
| | - Daotong Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Processing, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture, Engineering Research Centre for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (W.C.); (S.Z.); (X.H.)
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11
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Peesapati S, Roy D. Structural and spectroscopic details of polysaccharide-bile acid composites from molecular dynamics simulations. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:8782-8794. [PMID: 36310090 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2137242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Interactions of a prototypical bile acid (cholic acid, 'Ch') and its corresponding sodium salt (sodium cholate, 'NaCh') with a standard dietary β-glucan (β-G), bearing β-D-glucopyranose units having mixed 1-4/1-3 glycosidic linkages are studied using molecular dynamics simulation and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Self-aggregation of the biliary components and their interaction with fifteen strands of the decameric mixed linkage β-glucan is elucidated by estimating varieties of physical properties like the coordination number, moment of inertia and shape anisotropy of the biggest cluster formed at different time instants. Small angle scattering profiles indicate formation of compact spheroidal aggregates. The simulated results of small angle scattering and 1H NMR chemical shifts are compared to spectroscopic data, wherever available. Density functional theory calculations and estimation of the 1H NMR chemical shifts of Ch-protons lying close to the β-G chains reveal change in chemical shift values from that in absence of the polysaccharide. Hydrogen bonding and non-bonding interactions, primarily short range van der Waals interactions and some extent of inter-molecular charge transfer are found to play significant role in stabilizing the complex soft assemblies of bile acid aggregates and β-G.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sruthi Peesapati
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology and Science-Pilani, Hyderabad, India
| | - Durba Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology and Science-Pilani, Hyderabad, India
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12
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Guiducci L, Nicolini G, Forini F. Dietary Patterns, Gut Microbiota Remodeling, and Cardiometabolic Disease. Metabolites 2023; 13:760. [PMID: 37367916 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13060760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The cardiovascular and metabolic disorders, collectively known as cardiometabolic disease (CMD), are high morbidity and mortality pathologies associated with lower quality of life and increasing health-care costs. The influence of the gut microbiota (GM) in dictating the interpersonal variability in CMD susceptibility, progression and treatment response is beginning to be deciphered, as is the mutualistic relation established between the GM and diet. In particular, dietary factors emerge as pivotal determinants shaping the architecture and function of resident microorganisms in the human gut. In turn, intestinal microbes influence the absorption, metabolism, and storage of ingested nutrients, with potentially profound effects on host physiology. Herein, we present an updated overview on major effects of dietary components on the GM, highlighting the beneficial and detrimental consequences of diet-microbiota crosstalk in the setting of CMD. We also discuss the promises and challenges of integrating microbiome data in dietary planning aimed at restraining CMD onset and progression with a more personalized nutritional approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letizia Guiducci
- CNR Institute of Clinical Physiology, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Francesca Forini
- CNR Institute of Clinical Physiology, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
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13
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The importance of molecular weight in determining the minimum dose of oat β-glucan required to reduce the glycaemic response in healthy subjects without diabetes: a systematic review and meta-regression analysis. Eur J Clin Nutr 2023; 77:308-315. [PMID: 35768556 PMCID: PMC10017511 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-022-01176-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
To determine the minimum amount of oat β-glucan (OBG) required to reduce glycaemic responses (MinDose), we conducted a systematic review and meta-regression analysis of acute, crossover, single-meal feeding trials that examined the effects of adding OBG or oat bran to a carbohydrate-containing test-meal versus a control test-meal containing an equivalent amount of available-carbohydrate (avCHO) from the same or similar source. Medline, Embase, and Cochrane Library were searched up to 18 August 2021. The primary outcome was glucose incremental-area-under-the-curve (iAUC). Secondary outcomes included insulin iAUC, and glucose and insulin incremental peak-rise (iPeak). Two independent reviewers extracted data. Results were expressed as ratio-of-means (RoM) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Linear associations were assessed by random effects meta-regression. MinDose was defined as the dose at which the upper 95% CI of the regression line cut the line of no effect (i.e., RoM = 1). Fifty-nine comparisons (n = 340) were included; 57 in healthy subjects without diabetes and two in subjects with diabetes; 24 high-MW (>1000 kg/mol), 22 medium-MW (300-1,000 kg/mol), and 13 low-MW (<300 kg/mol). In healthy subjects without diabetes the associations between OBG dose and glucose iAUC and iPeak were linear (non-linear p value >0.05). MinDoses for glucose iAUC for high-MW, medium-MW and low-MW OBG, respectively, were estimated to be 0.2 g, 2.2 g and 3.2 g per 30 g avCHO; MinDoses for glucose iPeak were less than those for iAUC. Insufficient data were available to assess MinDose for insulin, however, there was no evidence of a disproportionate increase in insulin. More high-quality trials are needed to establish MinDose in individuals with diabetes.
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14
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Huang W, Xiao X, Hu W, Tang T, Bai J, Zhao S, Ao Z, Wei Z, Gao W, Zhang W. Effects of dietary nucleotide and yeast cell wall on growth performance, feed utilization, anti-oxidative and immune response of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 134:108574. [PMID: 36731810 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
A 70-day feeding trial was conducted to study the effects of dietary nucleotide, yeast cell wall (containing 20% β -glucan) and their combination on growth performance, feed utilization and immune response of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) with 69.97 ± 0.05 g of initial body weight. Four isonitrogenous (about 38% crude protein) and isolipidic (about 5% crude lipid) diets were established. Based on the control diet (CD), the other three experimental diets were prepared by adding 0.01% of nucleotide (NT), 0.1% of yeast cell wall (YCW) and NT (0.01%) +YCW (0.1%), respectively. Results showed that no significant difference was found in survival of grass carp ranging from 94.44% to 97.78% among all the groups (P > 0.05). Compared with the control group, weight gain rate, muscle crude protein content, serum protein, trypsin and chymotrypsin activities in midgut, lysozyme and immunoglobulin M in serum significantly increased in fish fed the YCW diet (P < 0.05). The significantly highest weight gain rate, villus height and digestive enzyme activities in midgut and innate immune parameters in serum were found in fish fed the NT + YCW diet (P < 0.05). The gene expressions of β-defensin, hepcidin, il-10 and tgf-β1 in the midgut, and tor and s6k1 in liver significantly increased in fish fed the NT + YCW diet. Meanwhile, the gene expressions of il-1β and tnf-α in the midgut decreased significantly (P < 0.05). The liver histology showed the better development in dietary NT and/or YCW supplemented groups than those in the control group. In conclusion, combination of dietary NT and YCW had significantly synergetic improvements on the growth, feed utilization, digestive enzymes, innate immunity and histology of midgut and liver of grass carp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Huang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Waterlogging Disaster and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434024, China
| | - Xucheng Xiao
- DSM Nutritional Products, Animal Nutrition & Health, DSM Vitamins (Shanghai) Limited, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Wei Hu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Waterlogging Disaster and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434024, China
| | - Tao Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, 36 Lushan Road, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Jinhai Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, 36 Lushan Road, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Shengnan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, 36 Lushan Road, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Zhipeng Ao
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, 36 Lushan Road, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Zehong Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, 36 Lushan Road, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Weihua Gao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Waterlogging Disaster and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434024, China.
| | - Wenbing Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Waterlogging Disaster and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434024, China; The Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feeds (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China.
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15
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Khorasaniha R, Olof H, Voisin A, Armstrong K, Wine E, Vasanthan T, Armstrong H. Diversity of fibers in common foods: Key to advancing dietary research. Food Hydrocoll 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2023.108495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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16
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Xu Y, Huang J, Fan Y, Long H, Liang M, Chen Q, Wang Z, Wu C, Wang Y. Macrophage-Targeted Berberine-Loaded β-Glucan Nanoparticles Enhance the Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis. Int J Nanomedicine 2022; 17:5303-5314. [DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s379792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Dressler J, Storz MA, Müller C, Kandil FI, Kessler CS, Michalsen A, Jeitler M. Does a Plant-Based Diet Stand Out for Its Favorable Composition for Heart Health? Dietary Intake Data from a Randomized Controlled Trial. Nutrients 2022; 14:4597. [PMID: 36364858 PMCID: PMC9656677 DOI: 10.3390/nu14214597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
A plant-based diet (PBD) can provide numerous health benefits for patients with cardiovascular risk factors. However, an inadequately planned PBD also bear the potential for deficiencies in certain macro- and micronutrients. The present study analyzed nutrient profiles of individuals who adopted a PBD as part of the CardioVeg study. Participants with cardiovascular risk factors were randomly assigned to either a whole-food PBD intervention (n = 36; eight 90 min group meetings including two 120 min cooking sessions) or a control group asked to maintain an omnivorous diet (n = 34) for eight weeks. Food intake data were collected using three-day weighed food records and analyzed with NutriGuide software, including the German Nutrient Data Base (German: Bundeslebensmittelschlüssel). Nutrient intake was compared before and after eight weeks as well as between the groups. The results for both groups were then contrasted to the current dietary recommendations published by the societies for nutrition in Germany, Austria, and Switzerland. Moreover, anthropometric/laboratory data and ambulatory blood pressure monitoring were determined at baseline and after 8 weeks. Data of a subsample (n = 18 in the PBD group and n = 19 in the control group) were used for the present analyses of the dietary intake data. A PBD yielded several benefits including (but not limited to) a lower energy density, a lower intake of cholesterol and saturated fat, an increased consumption of fiber, and a lower intake of salt. Recommended intakes of most vitamins and minerals were generally met, except for vitamin B12 in the PBD group. A low intake of several other critical nutrients (vitamin D, iodine) was observed in both groups. Compared with the control group, PBD resulted in a significant decrease in body weight, body mass index, waist circumference, HbA1c, and fasting blood glucose after 8 weeks. Overall, it can be concluded that a PBD had a more favorable nutrient composition for cardiovascular health than the omnivorous dietary pattern of the control group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justina Dressler
- Institute of Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humbolt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Maximilian Andreas Storz
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Center for Complementary Medicine, Freiburg University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Carolin Müller
- Institute of Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humbolt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Farid I. Kandil
- Institute of Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humbolt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian S. Kessler
- Institute of Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humbolt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Internal and Integrative Medicine, Immanuel Hospital Berlin, 14109 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Michalsen
- Institute of Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humbolt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Internal and Integrative Medicine, Immanuel Hospital Berlin, 14109 Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Jeitler
- Institute of Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humbolt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Internal and Integrative Medicine, Immanuel Hospital Berlin, 14109 Berlin, Germany
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18
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Yang J, Song J, Zhou J, Lin H, Wu Z, Liu N, Xie W, Guo H, Chi J. Functional components of Chinese rice wine can ameliorate diabetic cardiomyopathy through the modulation of autophagy, apoptosis, gut microbiota, and metabolites. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:940663. [PMID: 36186976 PMCID: PMC9515449 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.940663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dietary polyphenols, polypeptides, and oligosaccharides modulate inflammation and immunity by altering the composition of gut microbiota. The polyphenols and polypeptides in Chinese rice wine have protective effects against cardiovascular disease. In this study, we hypothesized that the polyphenols, polypeptides, and oligosaccharides in Chinese rice wine can ameliorate diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) by altering gut microbiota and metabolites. Methods Mice with DCM and high glucose cells were treated with rice wine polyphenols (RWPH), rice wine polypeptides (RWPE), and rice wine oligosaccharides. Cardiac function was evaluated by echocardiography and detection of myocardial injury markers. We observed the pathological structures using hematoxylin and eosin staining, Masson's trichrome staining, and transmission electron microscopy. The expression levels of autophagy-related proteins and stubRFP-sensGFP-LC3 fluorescence were measured to evaluate autophagy. We performed TUNEL staining and measured the levels of Bax, Bcl-2, and p53 to assess apoptosis. To analyze the effects of the rice wine functional components on the gut microbiota and metabolites of DCM mice, we performed fecal 16S-rDNA gene sequencing and serum untargeted metabolomics. Results Our results showed an increase in cardiac and mitochondrial function, promotion of autophagy, and inhibition of cardiomyocyte apoptosis, which indicates that RWPH and RWPE can ameliorate DCM. The abundance of Akkermansia and Desulfovibrio were reduced by the presence of RWPH and RWPE. The growth of the Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group and Clostridiales-unclassified were promoted by the presence of RWPH. Tryptophan metabolism-associated metabolites were increased and phenylalanine levels were reduced by the presence of RWPH and RWPE. The biosynthesis of primary bile acids was enhanced by the presence of RWPH. Conclusion Both RWPH and RWPE provided a protective effect against DCM by promoting autophagy, inhibiting apoptosis, and reversing both gut microbiota dysbiosis and metabolic dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjin Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Shaoxing People's Hospital (Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine), Shaoxing, China
| | - Jiaoying Song
- Medical College of Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, China
| | - Jiedong Zhou
- Medical College of Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, China
| | - Hui Lin
- Department of Cardiology, Shaoxing People's Hospital (Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine), Shaoxing, China
| | - Zhuonan Wu
- Medical College of Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, China
| | - Nan Liu
- Second Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenqing Xie
- Second Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hangyuan Guo
- Medical College of Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, China
| | - Jufang Chi
- Department of Cardiology, Shaoxing People's Hospital (Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine), Shaoxing, China
- *Correspondence: Jufang Chi
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Cai X, Dang Q, Liu L, Ma Z, Zhao X, Zhang M, Xiao Z, Yijiati A, Ren L, Yu H. Oat nutritious meal has beneficial effect on lipid metabolism in type 2 diabetes mellitus: A 3-month randomized controlled trial. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.105156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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20
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Kubota S, Aoki Y, Sakai T, Kitamura K, Matsui T, Takasato Y, Sugiura S, Nakamura M, Matsunaga K, Ito K. The clinical cross-reactivity and immunological cross-antigenicity of wheat and barley. Allergol Int 2022; 71:505-511. [PMID: 35778319 DOI: 10.1016/j.alit.2022.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Some patients with wheat allergy have been reported to show clinical cross-reactivity to barley. However, it is not clear whether the development of barley allergy in patients with wheat allergy is due to cross-antigenicity between wheat and barley. This study aimed to determine the clinical cross-reactivity and immunological cross-antigenicity of wheat and barley. METHODS The results of barley oral food challenges (OFCs) were compared before and after oral immunotherapy (OIT) for wheat in nine patients with wheat allergy to estimate the clinical cross-reactivity of wheat and barley. Moreover, we performed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) inhibition and immunoblotting inhibition using serum from seven patients allergic to wheat and barley. RESULTS Nine patients who had positive barley-OFC results performed before OIT for wheat were all negative on barley-OFC performed after OIT. In ELISA inhibition, preincubation of serum from patients allergic to wheat and barley with a high barley extract concentration inhibited binding of IgE to wheat extract by less than 10%. On the other hand, wheat and barley extracts equally inhibited binding to barley sIgE at high concentrations. In the immunoblotting inhibition test, the spots of wheat were inhibited but weakly by barley extracts, and most of the spots of barley were inhibited even by low concentrations of the wheat and barley extract. CONCLUSIONS We showed that barley allergy associated with wheat allergy is caused by cross-reactivity from wheat. The OIT for wheat is one of the promising options for barley allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shohei Kubota
- Department of Allergy, Allergy and Immunology Center, Aichi Children's Health and Medical Center, Obu, Japan; Department of Pediatrics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yuji Aoki
- Department of Integrative Medical Science for Allergic Disease, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan; General Research and Development Institute, Hoyu Co., Ltd., Nagakute, Japan
| | - Tomomi Sakai
- General Research and Development Institute, Hoyu Co., Ltd., Nagakute, Japan
| | - Katsumasa Kitamura
- Department of Allergy, Allergy and Immunology Center, Aichi Children's Health and Medical Center, Obu, Japan
| | - Teruaki Matsui
- Department of Allergy, Allergy and Immunology Center, Aichi Children's Health and Medical Center, Obu, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Takasato
- Department of Allergy, Allergy and Immunology Center, Aichi Children's Health and Medical Center, Obu, Japan
| | - Shiro Sugiura
- Department of Allergy, Allergy and Immunology Center, Aichi Children's Health and Medical Center, Obu, Japan
| | - Masashi Nakamura
- Department of Integrative Medical Science for Allergic Disease, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan; General Research and Development Institute, Hoyu Co., Ltd., Nagakute, Japan
| | - Kayoko Matsunaga
- Department of Integrative Medical Science for Allergic Disease, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Komei Ito
- Department of Allergy, Allergy and Immunology Center, Aichi Children's Health and Medical Center, Obu, Japan; Department of Pediatrics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan; Department of Comprehensive Pediatric Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Obu, Japan.
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21
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Takahashi M, Kinoshita T, Maruyama K, Suzuki T. CYP7A1, NPC1L1, ABCB1, and CD36 Polymorphisms Associated with Coenzyme Q10 Availability Affect the Subjective Quality of Life Score (SF-36) after Long-Term CoQ10 Supplementation in Women. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14132579. [PMID: 35807759 PMCID: PMC9268390 DOI: 10.3390/nu14132579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) rs3808607, rs2072183, rs2032582, and rs1761667 are associated with coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) bioavailability in women after long-term CoQ10 supplementation. However, the beneficial aspects of the association between these SNPs and CoQ10 supplementation remain unknown. We investigated their relationship using the subjective quality of life score SF-36 by reanalyzing previous data from 92 study participants who were receiving ubiquinol (a reduced form of CoQ10) supplementation for 1 year. Two-way repeated-measures analysis of variance revealed a significant interaction between rs1761667 and the SF-36 scores of role physical (p = 0.016) and mental health (p = 0.017) in women. Subgrouping of participants based on the above four SNPs revealed significant interactions between these SNPs and the SF-36 scores of general health (p = 0.045), role emotional (p = 0.008), and mental health (p = 0.019) and increased serum CoQ10 levels (p = 0.008), suggesting that the benefits of CoQ10 supplementation, especially in terms of psychological parameters, are genotype-dependent in women. However, significant interactions were not observed in men. Therefore, inclusion of SNP subgrouping information in clinical trials of CoQ10 supplementation may provide conclusive evidence supporting other beneficial health effects exerted by the association between these SNPs and CoQ10 on women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiyo Takahashi
- Graduate School of Human Ecology, Wayo Women’s University, 2-3-1 Konodai, Ichikawa 272-8533, Chiba, Japan;
| | - Tetsu Kinoshita
- Department of Bioscience, Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama 790-8566, Ehime, Japan; (T.K.); (K.M.)
- Social Epidemiology Institute, Institute of Community Life Science Co., Ltd., 1383-2 Hiramachi, Matsuyama 791-0243, Ehime, Japan
| | - Koutatsu Maruyama
- Department of Bioscience, Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama 790-8566, Ehime, Japan; (T.K.); (K.M.)
| | - Toshikazu Suzuki
- Graduate School of Human Ecology, Wayo Women’s University, 2-3-1 Konodai, Ichikawa 272-8533, Chiba, Japan;
- Department of Health and Nutrition, Wayo Women’s University, 2-3-1 Konodai, Ichikawa 272-8533, Chiba, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-47-371-1547
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22
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Turck D, Bohn T, Castenmiller J, de Henauw S, Hirsch-Ernst KI, Knutsen HK, Maciuk A, Mangelsdorf I, McArdle HJ, Naska A, Peláez C, Pentieva K, Thies F, Tsabouri S, Vinceti M, Bresson JL, Siani A. Scientific advice related to nutrient profiling for the development of harmonised mandatory front-of-pack nutrition labelling and the setting of nutrient profiles for restricting nutrition and health claims on foods. EFSA J 2022; 20:e07259. [PMID: 35464873 PMCID: PMC9016720 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2022.7259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Following a request from the European Commission, the EFSA Panel on Nutrition, Novel Foods and Food Allergens (NDA) was asked to deliver scientific advice related to nutrient profiling for the development of harmonised mandatory front‐of‐pack nutrition labelling and the setting of nutrient profiles for restricting nutrition and health claims on foods. This Opinion is based on systematic reviews and meta‐analyses of human studies on nutritionally adequate diets, data from the Global Burden of Disease framework, clinical practice guidelines, previous EFSA opinions and the priorities set by EU Member States in the context of their Food‐Based Dietary Guidelines and associated nutrient/food intake recommendations. Relevant publications were retrieved through comprehensive searches in PubMed. The nutrients included in the assessment are those likely to be consumed in excess or in inadequate amounts in a majority of European countries. Food groups with important roles in European diets have been considered. The Panel concludes that dietary intakes of saturated fatty acids (SFA), sodium and added/free sugars are above, and intakes of dietary fibre and potassium below, current dietary recommendations in a majority of European populations. As excess intakes of SFAs, sodium and added/free sugars and inadequate intakes of dietary fibre and potassium are associated with adverse health effects, they could be included in nutrient profiling models. Energy could be included because a reduction in energy intake is of public health importance for European populations. In food group/category‐based nutrient profiling models, total fat could replace energy in most food groups owing to its high‐energy density, while the energy density of food groups with low or no fat content may be well accounted for by the inclusion of (added/free) sugars. Some nutrients may be included in nutrient profiling models for reasons other than their public health importance, e.g. as a proxy for other nutrients of public health importance, or to allow for a better discrimination of foods within the same food category.
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23
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Relevance of β-Glucan Molecular Properties on Its Suitability as Health Promoting Bread Ingredient. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14081570. [PMID: 35458132 PMCID: PMC9032243 DOI: 10.3390/nu14081570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The fate of β-glucan (BG) health promoting properties during food production is crucial, but not predictable yet. Therefore, high molar mass BG (hBG) and control BG (cBG) were extracted from two barley varieties, characterized and added to wheat breads at levels of 3% and 6%. Bread quality criteria, carbohydrate contents and BG content and structural properties were determined. Additionally, breads were subjected to an in vitro digestion. The BG content in the chyme, molar mass, molar ratio, viscosity and bile acid retention were determined. The hBG and the cBG decreased loaf volume and increased crumb hardness with increasing BG content. The reduction in BG content during bread making was similar for hBG and cBG, but the molar mass of cBG decreased to a greater extent. As a result, only 10% of cBG entering in vitro digestion were found in the chyme afterwards, while 40% of the ingested hBG were detected. Molar mass reduction was much more severe for cBG compared to hBG. The use of hBG showed higher viscosity and better bile acid retention, indicating cholesterol lowering properties, compared to similar or higher amounts of cBG. These results provide valuable knowledge on the criteria to select BG-rich raw materials for ideal health promoting properties.
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Nkhata Malunga L, Ames N, Mitchell Fetch J, Netticadan T, Joseph Thandapilly S. Genotypic and environmental variations in phenolic acid and avenanthramide content of Canadian oat (Avena sativa). Food Chem 2022; 388:132904. [PMID: 35460963 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Phenolic compounds (PC) in oat may possess health promoting properties. This study evaluated the effect of genotype, environment, and their interaction on the phenolic acid and avenanthramide (AVN) concentration in Canadian oat. Six cultivars were grown at eight locations across Canada in a randomised complete block design with three field replicates. Free PCs were extracted from oat groat flour and analysed using a UPLC-PDA system. The cumulative concentration of free PCs and AVN ranged from 58 to 350 and 9 to 244 µg/g, respectively. The effect of environment was significant (p < 0.0001) for the concentration of all PCs. Cultivar differences significantly influenced the concentration of all PCs but AVNs A and B. The growing location explained > 68% of the variation in the concentration of AVN. Thus understanding the genotypic and environmental triggers of individual PCs may help agronomists and breeders strategize in selecting and growing oat cultivars of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lovemore Nkhata Malunga
- Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada, 196 Innovation Drive, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 6C5, Canada; Richardson Centre for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals, University of Manitoba, 196 Innovation Drive, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada; Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Nancy Ames
- Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada, 196 Innovation Drive, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 6C5, Canada; Richardson Centre for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals, University of Manitoba, 196 Innovation Drive, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada; Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
| | - Jennifer Mitchell Fetch
- Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada, Brandon Research Development Center, Brandon, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Thomas Netticadan
- Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada, 196 Innovation Drive, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 6C5, Canada; Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, 351 Tache Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba R2H 2A6, Canada
| | - Sijo Joseph Thandapilly
- Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada, 196 Innovation Drive, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 6C5, Canada; Richardson Centre for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals, University of Manitoba, 196 Innovation Drive, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada; Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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Lentinan Impairs the Early Development of Zebrafish Embryos, Possibly by Disrupting Glucose and Lipid Metabolism. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10010120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
LNT is the major biologically active substance extracted from Lentinus edodes (L. edodes). Although functional and pharmacological studies have demonstrated that LNT has multiple benefits for animals and humans, the safety assessment is far from sufficient. To evaluate the potential safety risk, larval zebrafish were continuously exposed to varying concentrations of LNT for 120 h. The 96 h LC50 of LNT was determined to be 1228 μg/mL, and morphological defects including short body length, reduced eye and swim bladder sizes and yolk sac edema were observed. In addition, LNT exposure significantly reduced the blood flow velocity and locomotor activity of larval zebrafish. The biochemical parameters were also affected, showing reduced glucose, triglyceride and cholesterol levels in zebrafish larvae after being exposed to LNT. Correspondingly, the genes involved in glucose and lipid metabolism were disrupted. In conclusion, the present study demonstrates the adverse potential of high concentrations of LNT on the development of zebrafish larvae in the early life stage.
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Xiao X, Zhou Y, Tan C, Bai J, Zhu Y, Zhang J, Zhou X, Zhao Y. Barley β-glucan resist oxidative stress of Caenorhabditis elegans via daf-2/daf-16 pathway. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 193:1021-1031. [PMID: 34798183 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
β-glucan is an important functional active component with relatively high content in barley. It is reported to possess various biological activities, including anti-oxidative stress, but its mechanism of action remains obscure. In the current study, C. elegans was used as an in vivo animal model to explore its anti-oxidative stress mechanism. We found that both RBG (raw barley β-glucan) and FBG (fermented barley β-glucan) could significantly reduce the ROS level in C. elegans under oxidative emergency conditions. In addition, both FBG and RBG had positive effects on SOD and CAT enzyme activity, and FBG treatment obviously reduced the MDA content in nematodes under oxidative stress. Moreover, FBG and RBG pretreatment could extend the median lifespan of C. elegans under oxidative stress. The CB1370 and CF1038 mutants further confirmed that daf-2 and daf-16 were necessary for FBG or RBG to participate in anti-oxidative stress, and the RT-PCR results also evidenced that β-glucans resist oxidative stress in C. elegans partially through the daf-2/daf-16 pathway. In summary, barley β-glucan has high potential to defense oxidative stress as a natural polysaccharide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Xiao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Yurong Zhou
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Cui Tan
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Juan Bai
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Jiayan Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Xinghua Zhou
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Yansheng Zhao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
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27
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β-glucan as a promising food additive and immunostimulant in aquaculture industry. ANNALS OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.2478/aoas-2021-0083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The use of antibiotics in aquatic feed reduces the incidence of disease and enhances growth performance, although it presents harmful effects, such as development of resistant bacteria and accumulation in the natural environment. A variety of immune stimulants including probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, phytobiotics, organic acids, nucleotides, antioxidants, microalgae, yeast and enzymes have been used in the aquaculture industry. In recent decades, much attention has been paid on finding a variety of immunostimulants with lower cost which also affect specific and non-specific immunity and improve fish resistance against a wide range of pathogens. These stimulants strengthen the fish’s immune system by increasing the number of phagocytes, lysozyme activity and level of immunoglobulin. The use of immune stimulants as an effective tool to overcome diseases and strengthen the immune system of farmed species, leads to the promotion of cellular and humoral defense mechanisms and increases resistance to infectious diseases. Among these immunostimulants used in aquaculture, β-glucans are of particular importance. Glucans are complex polysaccharide compounds extracted from the cell wall of yeasts and fungi. These compounds can stimulate fish growth, survival, and immune function. Therefore, this review discusses the role and importance of β-glucan as a food additive in aquaculture and examines the impact of these compounds on the growth performance, immunity and biochemical parameters of farmed species.
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Golisch B, Lei Z, Tamura K, Brumer H. Configured for the Human Gut Microbiota: Molecular Mechanisms of Dietary β-Glucan Utilization. ACS Chem Biol 2021; 16:2087-2102. [PMID: 34709792 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.1c00563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The β-glucans are a disparate group of structurally diverse polysaccharides, whose members are widespread in human diets as components of the cell walls of plants, algae, and fungi (including yeasts), and as bacterial exopolysaccharides. Individual β-glucans from these sources have long been associated with positive effects on human health through metabolic and immunological effects. Remarkably, the β-configured glucosidic linkages that define these polysaccharides render them inaccessible to the limited repertoire of digestive enzymes encoded by the human genome. As a result, the various β-glucans become fodder for the human gut microbiota (HGM) in the lower gastrointestinal tract, where they influence community composition and metabolic output, including fermentation to short chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Only recently, however, have the specific molecular systems that enable the utilization of β-glucans by select members of the HGM been fully elucidated by combined genetic, biochemical, and structural biological approaches. In the context of β-glucan structures and their effects on human nutrition and health, we summarize here the functional characterization of individual polysaccharide utilization loci (PULs) responsible for the saccharification of mixed-linkage β(1→3)/β(1→4)-glucans, β(1→6)-glucans, β(1→3)-glucans, β(1→2)-glucans, and xyloglucans in symbiotic human gut bacteria. These exemplar PULs serve as well-defined biomarkers for the prediction of β-glucan metabolic capability in individual bacterial taxa and across the global human population.
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Zhang Y, Li Y, Xia Q, Liu L, Wu Z, Pan D. Recent advances of cereal β-glucan on immunity with gut microbiota regulation functions and its intelligent gelling application. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021:1-17. [PMID: 34748438 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1995842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
β-glucan from cereals such as wheat, barley, oats and rye are a water-soluble dietary fiber, which are composed of repeating (1→4)-β-bond β-D-glucopyranosyl units and a single (1→3)-β-D-bond separated unit. β-glucan has a series of physicochemical properties (such as viscosity, gelling properties, solubility, etc.), which can be used as a food gel and fat substitute. Its structure endows the healthy functions, including anti-oxidative stress, lowering blood glucose and serum cholesterol, regulating metabolic syndrome and exerting gut immunity via gut microbiota. Due to their unique structural properties and efficacy, cereal β-glucan are not only applied in food substrates in the food industry, but also in food coatings and packaging. This article reviewed the applications of cereal β-glucan in hydrogels, aerogels, intelligent packaging systems and targeted delivery carriers in recent years. Cereal β-glucan in edible film and gel packaging applications are becoming more diversified and intelligent in recent years. Those advances provide a potential solution based on cereal β-glucan as biodegradable substances for immune regulation delivery system and intelligent gelling material in the biomedicine field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunzhen Zhang
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Deep Processing Technology Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province Animal Protein Food, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Yueqin Li
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Deep Processing Technology Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province Animal Protein Food, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Qiang Xia
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Deep Processing Technology Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province Animal Protein Food, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Lianliang Liu
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Deep Processing Technology Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province Animal Protein Food, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Zufang Wu
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Deep Processing Technology Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province Animal Protein Food, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Daodong Pan
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Deep Processing Technology Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province Animal Protein Food, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, PR China
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Izar MCDO, Giraldez VZR, Bertolami A, Santos Filho RDD, Lottenberg AM, Assad MHV, Saraiva JFK, Chacra APM, Martinez TLR, Bahia LR, Fonseca FAH, Faludi AA, Sposito AC, Chagas ACP, Jannes CE, Amaral CK, Araújo DBD, Cintra DE, Coutinho EDR, Cesena F, Xavier HT, Mota ICP, Giuliano IDCB, Faria Neto JR, Kato JT, Bertolami MC, Miname MH, Castelo MHCG, Lavrador MSF, Machado RM, Souza PGD, Alves RJ, Machado VA, Salgado Filho W. Update of the Brazilian Guideline for Familial Hypercholesterolemia - 2021. Arq Bras Cardiol 2021; 117:782-844. [PMID: 34709306 PMCID: PMC8528358 DOI: 10.36660/abc.20210788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Viviane Zorzanelli Rocha Giraldez
- Instituto do Coração (InCor) da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, SP - Brasil
- Grupo Fleury, São Paulo, SP - Brasil
| | | | | | - Ana Maria Lottenberg
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein (HIAE) - Faculdade Israelita de Ciências da Saúde Albert Einstein (FICSAE), São Paulo, SP - Brasil
- Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Laboratório de Lípides (LIM10), São Paulo, São Paulo, SP - Brasil
| | | | | | - Ana Paula M Chacra
- Instituto do Coração (InCor) da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, SP - Brasil
| | | | | | | | | | - Andrei C Sposito
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP - Brasil
| | | | - Cinthia Elim Jannes
- Instituto do Coração (InCor) da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, SP - Brasil
| | | | | | | | | | - Fernando Cesena
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein (HIAE), São Paulo, SP - Brasil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Marcio Hiroshi Miname
- Instituto do Coração (InCor) da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, SP - Brasil
| | - Maria Helane Costa Gurgel Castelo
- Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza, CE - Brasil
- Hospital do Coração de Messejana, Fortaleza, CE - Brasil
- Professora da Faculdade Unichristus, Fortaleza, CE - Brasil
| | - Maria Sílvia Ferrari Lavrador
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein (HIAE) - Faculdade Israelita de Ciências da Saúde Albert Einstein (FICSAE), São Paulo, SP - Brasil
| | - Roberta Marcondes Machado
- Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Laboratório de Lípides (LIM10), São Paulo, São Paulo, SP - Brasil
| | - Patrícia Guedes de Souza
- Hospital Universitário Professor Edgard Santos da Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, BA - Brasil
| | | | | | - Wilson Salgado Filho
- Instituto do Coração (InCor) da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, SP - Brasil
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31
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Zhao F, Zhang M, Guo M, Duan M, Zheng J, Chen X, Liu Y, Qiu L. Effects of sublethal concentration of metamifop on hepatic lipid metabolism in adult zebrafish (Danio rerio). AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2021; 238:105938. [PMID: 34416465 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2021.105938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Metamifop (MET) is an effective herbicide that has been extensively used in paddy fields. Previous research demonstrated that MET was highly toxic to zebrafish embryos, and this threat has caused great concern; moreover, 0.40 mg/L MET elevated the hepatosomatic index (HSI) in adult zebrafish without lethal effect after 21 d of exposure. In this study, we further determined the detailed impacts of MET on adult zebrafish at sublethal concentrations (0.025, 0.10 and 0.40 mg/L). We found that 0.40 mg/L MET caused liver injury by increasing the activity of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase in plasma, the content of interleukin-1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, and mRNA expression level of genes associated with inflammatory response in liver of adult zebrafish. The hepatic triglyceride (TG), free fatty acid and fatty acid synthase levels were significantly elevated in 0.40 mg/L MET-treated group (1.55-, 2.20- and 2.30-fold, respectively), and the transcript of lipid accumulation-related genes (fabp10, fas, acc, chrebp, dagt2 and agpat4) were upregulated. Meanwhile, the total cholesterol content was decreased by 0.48-fold, bile acid level was increased by 2.44-fold, and levels of cholesterol metabolism-related genes (apoa-1a, hmgcra, cyp51, dhcr7 and cyp7a1) were increased, suggesting cholesterol metabolism disorder occurred in zebrafish. Furthermore, analysis of lipidomics revealed that 0.40 mg/L MET significantly increased the abundance of 91 lipids, which mainly belonged to TG lipid class and were enriched in pathways of glycerolipid metabolism, cholesterol metabolism, etc. These results suggested that MET exposure at sublethal concentrations would induce hepatic inflammation and lipid metabolism disorders in adult zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhao
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Mengna Zhang
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Mengyu Guo
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Manman Duan
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Junyue Zheng
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiangguang Chen
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yinchi Liu
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lihong Qiu
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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Bahmani M, O’Lone CE, Juhász A, Nye-Wood M, Dunn H, Edwards IB, Colgrave ML. Application of Mass Spectrometry-Based Proteomics to Barley Research. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:8591-8609. [PMID: 34319719 PMCID: PMC8389776 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c01871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Barley (Hordeum vulgare) is the fourth most cultivated crop in the world in terms of production volume, and it is also the most important raw material of the malting and brewing industries. Barley belongs to the grass (Poaceae) family and plays an important role in food security and food safety for both humans and livestock. With the global population set to reach 9.7 billion by 2050, but with less available and/or suitable land for agriculture, the use of biotechnology tools in breeding programs are of considerable importance in the quest to meet the growing food gap. Proteomics as a member of the "omics" technologies has become popular for the investigation of proteins in cereal crops and particularly barley and its related products such as malt and beer. This technology has been applied to study how proteins in barley respond to adverse environmental conditions including abiotic and/or biotic stresses, how they are impacted during food processing including malting and brewing, and the presence of proteins implicated in celiac disease. Moreover, proteomics can be used in the future to inform breeding programs that aim to enhance the nutritional value and broaden the application of this crop in new food and beverage products. Mass spectrometry analysis is a valuable tool that, along with genomics and transcriptomics, can inform plant breeding strategies that aim to produce superior barley varieties. In this review, recent studies employing both qualitative and quantitative mass spectrometry approaches are explored with a focus on their application in cultivation, manufacturing, processing, quality, and the safety of barley and its related products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahya Bahmani
- Australian
Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and
Protein Science, Edith Cowan University, School of Science, 270 Joondalup
Drive, Joondalup, Western
Australia 6027, Australia
| | - Clare E. O’Lone
- Australian
Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and
Protein Science, Edith Cowan University, School of Science, 270 Joondalup
Drive, Joondalup, Western
Australia 6027, Australia
| | - Angéla Juhász
- Australian
Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and
Protein Science, Edith Cowan University, School of Science, 270 Joondalup
Drive, Joondalup, Western
Australia 6027, Australia
| | - Mitchell Nye-Wood
- Australian
Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and
Protein Science, Edith Cowan University, School of Science, 270 Joondalup
Drive, Joondalup, Western
Australia 6027, Australia
| | - Hugh Dunn
- Australian
Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and
Protein Science, Edith Cowan University, School of Science, 270 Joondalup
Drive, Joondalup, Western
Australia 6027, Australia
| | - Ian B. Edwards
- Edstar
Genetics Pty Ltd, SABC - Loneragan Building, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, Western Australia 6150, Australia
| | - Michelle L. Colgrave
- Australian
Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and
Protein Science, Edith Cowan University, School of Science, 270 Joondalup
Drive, Joondalup, Western
Australia 6027, Australia
- CSIRO
Agriculture and Food, 306 Carmody Road, St. Lucia, Queensland 4067, Australia
- Phone: +61-7-3214-2697. . Fax: +61-7-3214-2900
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Sadoughi F, Asemi Z, Hallajzadeh J, Mansournia MA, Yousefi B. Beta-glucans is a potential inhibitor of ovarian cancer: based on molecular and biological aspects. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2021; 23:1142-1152. [PMID: 34375183 DOI: 10.2174/1389201022666210810090728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is a lethal type of cancer which is initiated in the ovaries and affects 1 out of every 75 women. Due to the high number of deaths (almost 152,000) related to this cancer, it seems that novel effiecient therapeutic methods are required in this field. Beta-glucans are a type of glucose linear polymers which have proven to have a lot of advantageous activities. Recently, investigations have declared that these polysaccharides have the potential to be used as anti-cancer drugs. These agents are able to affect several mechanisms such as inflammation and apoptosis and that is how cancers are prone to be affected by them. In this review, we attempt to investigate the role of beta-glucans on ovarian cancer. We hope that this paper might give novel insights in the field of ovarian cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Sadoughi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, I.R., Iran
| | - Zatollah Asemi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, I.R., Iran
| | - Jamal Hallajzadeh
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, Research Center for Evidence-Based Health Management, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Mansournia
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahman Yousefi
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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34
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Kaur G, Kaur N, Kaur A. Lipid profile of hyperlipidemic males after supplementation of multigrain bread containing sunflower ( Helianthus annuus) seed flour. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2021; 58:2617-2629. [PMID: 34194097 PMCID: PMC8196128 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-020-04768-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Sunflower seeds are produced and consumed worldwide due to their richness in heart friendly nutrients in the bakery products. Its effect on reducing the incidences of cardio vascular diseases have not been studied, through supplementary studies therefore present supplementation study was planned in which five samples of bread were prepared by using various multigrain flours and sunflower seed flour at five different levels of 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10 and 12.5%. The bread sample supplemented with 7.5% sunflower seed flour was found to be highly acceptable. Sunflower seeds were roasted at 60 °C for 10-15 min. Chemical analysis of sunflower seed flour (raw and roasted) and highly acceptable bread pertaining to proximate composition, in vitro protein digestibility, antioxidant activity, bioactive compounds, essential fatty acids and minerals was done using standard methods. Roasting of seeds resulted in significant increase in carbohydrates, protein digestibility, phosphorus, magnesium and copper contents. The most acceptable sample had good amount of energy (324.48 kcal), protein (10.61 g), fat (2.92 g), fibre (11.36 g), ash (3.29 g), antioxidant activity (12.13%), total phenols (31.54 mg), flavonoids (17.53 mg), omega 3 fatty acids (186.16 mg), omega 6 fatty acids (13,701.40 mg), phosphorus (68.74 mg), magnesium (28.13 mg) and copper (0.12 mg) per 100 g. Sixty hyperlipidemic males aged 30-50 years were supplemented with highly acceptable bread for four months. After the intervention period, mean daily intake of and nuts and oilseeds increased significantly (p < 0.01) and a significant increase (p < 0.01) in the intake of total fat, dietary fibre, PUFA, linoleic acid, ascorbic acid, alpha tocopherols and phosphorus was observed. The weight, BMI, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and triglycerides significantly reduced after the supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurkirat Kaur
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab 141001 India
| | - Navjot Kaur
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab 141001 India
| | - Amarjeet Kaur
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab 141001 India
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Vlassopoulou M, Yannakoulia M, Pletsa V, Zervakis GI, Kyriacou A. Effects of fungal beta-glucans on health - a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Food Funct 2021; 12:3366-3380. [PMID: 33876798 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo00122a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Beta-glucans are polysaccharides that exhibit a wide range of biological properties as a result of their varying chemical composition. Like all dietary fibers, they avoid catabolism in the upper gastrointestinal tract, and they reach the large intestine undigested. There, they undergo fermentation by the gut microbiota, a process that has potential beneficial effects for the host. The aim of this systematic review is to assess the effects of consumption of beta-(1 → 3,1 → 6)-d-glucans, naturally found in the cell walls of fungi, on health outcomes. METHODS A comprehensive literature search was performed on PubMed, Cochrane Library and Web of Science to retrieve studies that applied randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to investigate the impact of exclusive oral administration of fungal beta-glucans in any form and at any dosage to healthy subjects or patients. RESULTS Thirty-four RCTs, of the 917 records retrieved in total, met the eligibility criteria and are included in the present review. The sources of fungal beta-glucans were Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Aureobasidium pullulans, Pleurotus ostreatus, Lentinula edodes and Ganoderma lucidum, and the dosage of supplementation ranged from 2.5 to 1000 mg daily for up to 6.5 months. The primary physiological outcome of the majority of the interventions was immunomodulation, which resulted in (a) strengthened immune defense that reduces the incidence and symptoms of cold, flu and other respiratory infections and (b) improvement of allergic symptoms. However, the findings on the induction of immune response alterations were inconsistent at the cellular and molecular levels. Another aspect is psychological wellbeing, as the cohorts that received the polysaccharides of interest reported improvement in their mood states as well as amelioration of overall wellbeing. At the same time, it might also be useful as a complementary agent to patients undergoing cancer therapies. Furthermore, supplements containing beta-(1 → 3,1 → 6)-d-glucan administered to overweight/obese adults might have the potential to decrease comorbid conditions associated with obesity. Notably, no adverse event causally related to glucans was recorded. CONCLUSIONS Supplementation with beta-(1 → 3,1 → 6)-d-glucans is well-tolerated, and health-promoting properties are manifested primarily through the potentiation of the immune system. More studies are required to confirm their additional beneficial effects, to establish the optimal dose, and to reveal the underlying molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marigoula Vlassopoulou
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, 70 El. Venizelou Str., Kallithea 176 76, Greece. and Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vas. Constantinou Ave., Athens 116 35, Greece
| | - Mary Yannakoulia
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, 70 El. Venizelou Str., Kallithea 176 76, Greece.
| | - Vasiliki Pletsa
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vas. Constantinou Ave., Athens 116 35, Greece
| | - Georgios I Zervakis
- Laboratory of General and Agricultural Microbiology, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos Str., Athens 118 55, Greece
| | - Adamantini Kyriacou
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, 70 El. Venizelou Str., Kallithea 176 76, Greece.
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Guo H, Wu H, Sajid A, Li Z. Whole grain cereals: the potential roles of functional components in human health. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:8388-8402. [PMID: 34014123 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1928596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Whole grain cereals have been the basis of human diet since ancient times. Due to rich in a variety of unique bioactive ingredients, they play an important role in human health. This review highlights the contents and distribution of primary functional components and their health effects in commonly consumed whole grain cereals, especially dietary fiber, protein, polyphenols, and alkaloids. In general, cereals exert positive effects in the following ways: 1) Restoring intestinal flora diversity and increasing intestinal short-chain fatty acids. 2) Regulating plasma glucose and lipid metabolism, thereby the improvement of obesity, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, diabetes, and other chronic metabolic diseases. 3) Exhibiting antioxidant activity by scavenging free radicals. 4) Preventing gastrointestinal cancer via the regulation of classical signaling pathways. In summary, this review provides a scientific basis for the formulation of whole-grain cereals-related dietary guidelines, and guides people to form scientific dietary habits, so as to promote the development and utilization of whole-grain cereals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiqin Guo
- Institute of Biotechnology, The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, PR China
| | - Haili Wu
- College of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, PR China
| | - Amin Sajid
- Institute of Biotechnology, The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, PR China
| | - Zhuoyu Li
- Institute of Biotechnology, The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, PR China;,College of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, PR China
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Circulating bile acids as a link between the gut microbiota and cardiovascular health: impact of prebiotics, probiotics and polyphenol-rich foods. Nutr Res Rev 2021; 35:161-180. [PMID: 33926590 DOI: 10.1017/s0954422421000081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Beneficial effects of probiotic, prebiotic and polyphenol-rich interventions on fasting lipid profiles have been reported, with changes in the gut microbiota composition believed to play an important role in lipid regulation. Primary bile acids, which are involved in the digestion of fats and cholesterol metabolism, can be converted by the gut microbiota to secondary bile acids, some species of which are less well reabsorbed and consequently may be excreted in the stool. This can lead to increased hepatic bile acid neo-synthesis, resulting in a net loss of circulating low-density lipoprotein. Bile acids may therefore provide a link between the gut microbiota and cardiovascular health. This narrative review presents an overview of bile acid metabolism and the role of probiotics, prebiotics and polyphenol-rich foods in modulating circulating cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk markers and bile acids. Although findings from human studies are inconsistent, there is growing evidence for associations between these dietary components and improved lipid CVD risk markers, attributed to modulation of the gut microbiota and bile acid metabolism. These include increased bile acid neo-synthesis, due to bile sequestering action, bile salt metabolising activity and effects of short-chain fatty acids generated through bacterial fermentation of fibres. Animal studies have demonstrated effects on the FXR/FGF-15 axis and hepatic genes involved in bile acid synthesis (CYP7A1) and cholesterol synthesis (SREBP and HMGR). Further human studies are needed to determine the relationship between diet and bile acid metabolism and whether circulating bile acids can be utilised as a potential CVD risk biomarker.
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CYP7A1, NPC1L1, ABCB1, and CD36 Polymorphisms Are Associated with Increased Serum Coenzyme Q 10 after Long-Term Supplementation in Women. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10030431. [PMID: 33799730 PMCID: PMC7998724 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10030431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), an essential component for energy production that exhibits antioxidant activity, is considered a health-supporting and antiaging supplement. However, intervention-controlled studies have provided variable results on CoQ10 supplementation benefits, which may be attributed to individual CoQ10 bioavailability differences. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between genetic polymorphisms and CoQ10 serum levels after long-term supplementation. CoQ10 levels at baseline and after one year of supplementation (150 mg) were determined, and eight single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in cholesterol metabolism and CoQ10 absorption, efflux, and cellular uptake related genes were assessed. Rs2032582 (ABCB1) and rs1761667 (CD36) were significantly associated with a higher increase in CoQ10 levels in women. In addition, in women, rs3808607 (CYP7A1) and rs2072183 (NPC1L1) were significantly associated with a higher increase in CoQ10 per total cholesterol levels. Subgroup analyses showed that these four SNPs were useful for classifying high- or low-responder to CoQ10 bioavailability after long-term supplementation among women, but not in men. On the other hand, in men, no SNP was found to be significantly associated with increased serum CoQ10. These results collectively provide novel evidence on the relationship between genetics and CoQ10 bioavailability after long-term supplementation, which may help understand and assess CoQ10 supplementation effects, at least in women.
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Abstract
Cereal β-glucan is a type of valuable dietary fiber that mainly exists in the aleurone, subaleurone, and endosperm of some cereal grains. β-Glucan is acknowledged as a functional food ingredient owing to its multiple health benefits, including the prevention of diabetes, reduction in the incidence of cardiovascular disease, antitumor effects, antioxidant activities, and immunostimulation. It is well documented that cellulose synthase-like CslF/H/J genes encode synthases responsible for β-glucan biosynthesis in cereal grains. Recently, β-glucan has been widely applied as an emulsion stabilizer, thickening agent, fat substitute, and bioactive ingredient in the food industry due to its water solubility, viscosity, gelation property, and health benefits. Therefore, the present paper aims to review the molecular characteristics, synthase gene family, and food application of cereal β-glucan in recent years.
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Zurbau A, Noronha JC, Khan TA, Sievenpiper JL, Wolever TMS. The effect of oat β-glucan on postprandial blood glucose and insulin responses: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Clin Nutr 2021; 75:1540-1554. [PMID: 33608654 PMCID: PMC8563417 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-021-00875-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
To determine the effect of oat β‑glucan (OBG) on acute glucose and insulin responses and identify significant effect modifiers we searched the MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases through October 27, 2020 for acute, crossover, controlled feeding trials investigating the effect of adding OBG (concentrate or oat-bran) to carbohydrate-containing test-meals compared to comparable or different carbohydrate-matched control-meals in humans regardless of health status. The primary outcome was glucose incremental area-under-the-curve (iAUC). Secondary outcomes were insulin iAUC, and glucose and insulin incremental peak-rise (iPeak). Two reviewers extracted the data and assessed risk-of-bias and certainty-of-evidence (GRADE). Data were pooled using generic inverse-variance with random-effects model and expressed as ratio-of-means with [95% CIs]. We included 103 trial comparisons (N = 538). OBG reduced glucose iAUC and iPeak by 23% (0.77 [0.74, 0.81]) and 28% (0.72 [0.64, 0.76]) and insulin by 22% (0.78 [0.72, 0.85]) and 24% (0.76 [0.65, 0.88]), respectively. Dose, molecular-weight, and comparator were significant effect modifiers of glucose iAUC and iPeak. Significant linear dose-response relationships were observed for all outcomes. OBG molecular-weight >300 kg/mol significantly reduced glucose iAUC and iPeak, whereas molecular-weight <300 kg/mol did not. Reductions in glucose iAUC (27 vs 20%, p = 0.03) and iPeak (39 vs 25%, p < 0.01) were significantly larger with different vs comparable control-meals. Outcomes were similar in participants with and without diabetes. All outcomes had high certainty-of-evidence. In conclusion, current evidence indicates that adding OBG to carbohydrate-containing meals reduces glycaemic and insulinaemic responses. However, the magnitude of glucose reduction depends on OBG dose, molecular-weight, and the comparator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreea Zurbau
- INQUIS Clinical Research Ltd. (formerly GI Labs), Toronto, ON, Canada.,Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jarvis C Noronha
- INQUIS Clinical Research Ltd. (formerly GI Labs), Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Tauseef A Khan
- Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - John L Sievenpiper
- Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Kundi ZM, Lee JCY, Pihlajamäki J, Chan CB, Leung KS, So SSY, Nordlund E, Kolehmainen M, El-Nezami H. Dietary Fiber from Oat and Rye Brans Ameliorate Western Diet-Induced Body Weight Gain and Hepatic Inflammation by the Modulation of Short-Chain Fatty Acids, Bile Acids, and Tryptophan Metabolism. Mol Nutr Food Res 2021; 65:e1900580. [PMID: 32526796 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201900580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
SCOPE Dietary fiber (DF) induces changes in gut microbiota function and thus modulates the gut environment. How this modulation is associated with metabolic pathways related to the gut is largely unclear. This study aims to investigate differences in metabolites produced by the gut microbiota and their interactions with host metabolism in response to supplementation with two bran fibers. METHODS AND RESULTS Male C57BL/6N mice are fed a western diet (WD) for 17 weeks. Two groups of mice received a diet enriched with 10% w/w of either oat or rye bran, with each bran containing 50% DF. Microbial metabolites are assessed by measuring cecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), ileal and fecal bile acids (BAs), and the expression of genes related to tryptophan (TRP) metabolism. Both brans lowered body weight gain and ameliorated WD-induced impaired glucose responses, hepatic inflammation, liver enzymes, and gut integrity markers associated with SCFA production, altered BA metabolism, and TRP diversion from the serotonin synthesis pathway to microbial indole production. CONCLUSIONS Both brans develop a favorable environment in the gut by altering the composition of microbes and modulating produced metabolites. Changes induced in the gut environment by a fiber-enriched diet may explain the amelioration of metabolic disturbances related to WD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzanna Maria Kundi
- School of Biological Sciences Kadoorie Building, Pokfulam, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jetty Chung-Yung Lee
- School of Biological Sciences Kadoorie Building, Pokfulam, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jussi Pihlajamäki
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of East Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Clinical Nutrition and Obesity Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Chi Bun Chan
- School of Biological Sciences Kadoorie Building, Pokfulam, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kin Sum Leung
- School of Biological Sciences Kadoorie Building, Pokfulam, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Stephanie Sik Yu So
- School of Biological Sciences Kadoorie Building, Pokfulam, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Emilia Nordlund
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, Espoo, Finland
| | - Marjukka Kolehmainen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of East Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Hani El-Nezami
- School of Biological Sciences Kadoorie Building, Pokfulam, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Zhong H, Gao X, Cheng C, Liu C, Wang Q, Han X. The Structural Characteristics of Seaweed Polysaccharides and Their Application in Gel Drug Delivery Systems. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:658. [PMID: 33371266 PMCID: PMC7765921 DOI: 10.3390/md18120658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, researchers across various fields have shown a keen interest in the exploitation of biocompatible natural polymer materials, especially the development and application of seaweed polysaccharides. Seaweed polysaccharides are a multi-component mixture composed of one or more monosaccharides, which have the functions of being anti-virus, anti-tumor, anti-mutation, anti-radiation and enhancing immunity. These biological activities allow them to be applied in various controllable and sustained anti-inflammatory and anticancer drug delivery systems, such as seaweed polysaccharide-based nanoparticles, microspheres and gels, etc. This review summarizes the advantages of alginic acid, carrageenan and other seaweed polysaccharides, and focuses on their application in gel drug delivery systems (such as nanogels, microgels and hydrogels). In addition, recent literature reports and applications of seaweed polysaccharides are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Cui Cheng
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China; (H.Z.); (X.G.); (C.L.); (Q.W.)
| | | | | | - Xiao Han
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China; (H.Z.); (X.G.); (C.L.); (Q.W.)
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Murphy EJ, Rezoagli E, Major I, Rowan NJ, Laffey JG. β-Glucan Metabolic and Immunomodulatory Properties and Potential for Clinical Application. J Fungi (Basel) 2020; 6:E356. [PMID: 33322069 PMCID: PMC7770584 DOI: 10.3390/jof6040356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
β-glucans are complex polysaccharides that are found in several plants and foods, including mushrooms. β-glucans display an array of potentially therapeutic properties. β-glucans have metabolic and gastro-intestinal effects, modulating the gut microbiome, altering lipid and glucose metabolism, reducing cholesterol, leading to their investigation as potential therapies for metabolic syndrome, obesity and diet regulation, gastrointestinal conditions such as irritable bowel, and to reduce cardiovascular and diabetes risk. β-glucans also have immune-modulating effects, leading to their investigation as adjuvant agents for cancers (solid and haematological malignancies), for immune-mediated conditions (e.g., allergic rhinitis, respiratory infections), and to enhance wound healing. The therapeutic potential of β-glucans is evidenced by the fact that two glucan isolates were licensed as drugs in Japan as immune-adjuvant therapy for cancer in 1980. Significant challenges exist to further clinical testing and translation of β-glucans. The diverse range of conditions for which β-glucans are in clinical testing underlines the incomplete understanding of the diverse mechanisms of action of β-glucans, a key knowledge gap. Furthermore, important differences appear to exist in the effects of apparently similar β-glucan preparations, which may be due to differences in sources and extraction procedures, another poorly understood issue. This review will describe the biology, potential mechanisms of action and key therapeutic targets being investigated in clinical trials of β-glucans and identify and discuss the key challenges to successful translation of this intriguing potential therapeutic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma J. Murphy
- Bioscience Research Institute, Athlone Institute of Technology, N37 HD68 Athlone, Ireland; (E.J.M.); (E.R.); (N.J.R.)
| | - Emanuele Rezoagli
- Bioscience Research Institute, Athlone Institute of Technology, N37 HD68 Athlone, Ireland; (E.J.M.); (E.R.); (N.J.R.)
- Lung Biology Group, Regenerative Medicine Institute at CURAM Centre for Medical Devices, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, H91 CF50 Galway, Ireland
- Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Galway, H91 YR71 Galway, Ireland
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Ian Major
- Materials Research Institute, Athlone Institute of Technology, N37 HD68 Athlone, Ireland;
| | - Neil J. Rowan
- Bioscience Research Institute, Athlone Institute of Technology, N37 HD68 Athlone, Ireland; (E.J.M.); (E.R.); (N.J.R.)
| | - John G. Laffey
- Lung Biology Group, Regenerative Medicine Institute at CURAM Centre for Medical Devices, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, H91 CF50 Galway, Ireland
- Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Galway, H91 YR71 Galway, Ireland
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Alfawaz H, Khan N, Alhuthayli H, Wani K, Aljumah MA, Khattak MNK, Alghanim SA, Al-Daghri NM. Awareness and Knowledge Regarding the Consumption of Dietary Fiber and Its Relation to Self-Reported Health Status in an Adult Arab Population: A Cross-Sectional Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17124226. [PMID: 32545755 PMCID: PMC7345011 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17124226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to examine the awareness, knowledge, and habits regarding dietary fiber intake and to analyze its relationship with self-reported health status among Saudi adults. A survey-based study using face-to-face interview was designed, and 1363 apparently healthy adult Saudi males and females participated. Most participants were females (81.2%), aged 25 and above (87.2%), and were educated at least up to the secondary level of education (80.8%). The majority of the participants were aware of the role of fiber-rich foods in health conditions such as obesity (70.5%), cardiovascular diseases (68.9%), and regulation of blood sugar (68.9%), with females significantly having higher nutrition knowledge than males. A disconnect in translating this nutrition knowledge was observed particularly in food choices when eating out, where preferences for white bread (84.4%), fried potatoes (69.9%) and peeled fruits (60.6%) were significantly higher than preferences for cooked vegetables (29.6%) and brown bread (18.1%). The most common reason for this disconnect was due to perception that foods rich in dietary fibers were expensive (72.1%), have less health benefits (56.5%), were not readily available (51.6%), and participants’ disliking of the taste (52.8%). Participants in the highest quartile (Q4) for dietary fiber consumption reported a lower prevalence of constipation (odds ratio, 95% confidence interval of 0.40, 0.28–0.57, p < 0.01), high cholesterol (0.43, 0.27–0.68, p < 0.01) and obesity (0.67, 0.44–0.98, p = 0.03) than participants in the lowest quartile (Q1). Dietary fiber intake appears to be protective against constipation, high cholesterol and obesity in Saudi adults. However, a disparity observed between knowledge and attitude towards intake of dietary fibers could limit its health benefits. Further studies including adolescents should be conducted to impart knowledge on the emotional, cognitive and sensory factors related to food choices in order to minimize the gap between nutrition knowledge and the consumption of healthy high-fiber diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan Alfawaz
- Department of Food Science & Nutrition, College of Food Science & Agriculture, King Saud University, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia;
- Biochemistry Department, Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (K.W.); (M.N.K.K.); (N.M.A.-D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +9-668-055-890
| | - Nasiruddin Khan
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, College of Applied and Health Sciences, A’ Sharqiyah University, Ibra 400, Oman;
| | - Haya Alhuthayli
- Department of Food Science & Nutrition, College of Food Science & Agriculture, King Saud University, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Kaiser Wani
- Biochemistry Department, Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (K.W.); (M.N.K.K.); (N.M.A.-D.)
| | - Muneerah A. Aljumah
- Almaarefa University, College of Medicine Medical Student, Riyadh 11597, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Malak Nawaz Khan Khattak
- Biochemistry Department, Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (K.W.); (M.N.K.K.); (N.M.A.-D.)
| | - Saad A. Alghanim
- Department of Health Administration, Health and Hospital Administration Program, College of Business Administration, King Saud University, Riyadh 11352, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Nasser M. Al-Daghri
- Biochemistry Department, Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (K.W.); (M.N.K.K.); (N.M.A.-D.)
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Korolenko TA, Bgatova NP, Ovsyukova MV, Shintyapina A, Vetvicka V. Hypolipidemic Effects of β-Glucans, Mannans, and Fucoidans: Mechanism of Action and Their Prospects for Clinical Application. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25081819. [PMID: 32316136 PMCID: PMC7221696 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25081819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The search for lipid-lowering drugs is important for clinical medicine. This review summarizes our research findings regarding the hypolipidemic activity of polysaccharides. There are several validated agents altering lipid levels which reduce the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular events. Nonetheless, for many people, the risk of such an event remains unacceptably high despite treatment with these agents. This situation has prompted the search for new therapies to reduce the residual cardiovascular risk. The lipid-lowering effect of β-glucans consumed with food was demonstrated in patients with atherosclerosis. The mechanism of the protective effect of β-glucans is poorly studied. The effects of β-glucans are mediated by Toll-like receptors, by dectin-1, and possibly by other receptors. Nevertheless, the mechanism of the protective action of β-glucan in lipemic mice has been studied insufficiently. This review will present up-to-date information regarding experimental hypolipidemic polysaccharide compounds that hold promise for medicine. Phagocyte-specific chitotriosidase in humans contributes to innate immune responses against chitin-containing fungi. This enzyme has been first described in patients with Gaucher disease and serves as an important diagnostic biomarker. It has been reported that, in mice, chitin particles of certain size are recognized by macrophages through Toll-like receptors, dectin-1, and to a lesser extent through mannose receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana A. Korolenko
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Behavior and Neurotechnologies, Institute of Physiology and Basic Medicine, Timakov St. 4, Novosibirsk 630117, Russia; (T.A.K.); (M.V.O.)
| | - Nataliya P. Bgatova
- Laboratory of Ultrastructural Research, Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Research Institute of Clinical and Experimental Lymphology—Branch of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630117, Russia;
| | - Marina V. Ovsyukova
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Behavior and Neurotechnologies, Institute of Physiology and Basic Medicine, Timakov St. 4, Novosibirsk 630117, Russia; (T.A.K.); (M.V.O.)
| | - Alexandra Shintyapina
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Federal Research Center, Timakov St. 2, Novosibirsk 630117, Russia;
| | - Vaclav Vetvicka
- Department of Pathology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
- Correspondence:
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Botanicals in Functional Foods and Food Supplements: Tradition, Efficacy and Regulatory Aspects. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10072387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In recent decades, the interest in products containing botanicals and claiming “functional” properties has increased exponentially. Functional foods, novel foods and food supplements have a special impact on the consumers, who show significant expectation for their well-being. Food supplements with botanical ingredients are the food area that has witnessed the greatest development, in terms of the number of available products, budget, and consumer acceptability. This review refers to and discusses some open points, such as: (1) the definitions and regulation of products containing botanicals; (2) the difficulty in obtaining nutritional and functional claims (botanical ingredients obtaining claims in the EU are listed and summarized); (3) the safety aspects of these products; and (4) the poor harmonization between international legislations. The availability of these “new” products can positively influence the well-being of the population, but it is essential to provide the consumers with the necessary recommendations to guide them in their purchase and use.
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Molecular Mechanism of Functional Ingredients in Barley to Combat Human Chronic Diseases. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:3836172. [PMID: 32318238 PMCID: PMC7149453 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3836172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Barley plays an important role in health and civilization of human migration from Africa to Asia, later to Eurasia. We demonstrated the systematic mechanism of functional ingredients in barley to combat chronic diseases, based on PubMed, CNKI, and ISI Web of Science databases from 2004 to 2020. Barley and its extracts are rich in 30 ingredients to combat more than 20 chronic diseases, which include the 14 similar and 9 different chronic diseases between grains and grass, due to the major molecular mechanism of six functional ingredients of barley grass (GABA, flavonoids, SOD, K-Ca, vitamins, and tryptophan) and grains (β-glucans, polyphenols, arabinoxylan, phytosterols, tocols, and resistant starch). The antioxidant activity of barley grass and grain has the same and different functional components. These results support findings that barley grain and its grass are the best functional food, promoting ancient Babylonian and Egyptian civilizations, and further show the depending functional ingredients for diet from Pliocene hominids in Africa and Neanderthals in Europe to modern humans in the world. This review paper not only reveals the formation and action mechanism of barley diet overcoming human chronic diseases, but also provides scientific basis for the development of health products and drugs for the prevention and treatment of human chronic diseases.
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Water Extracts of Hull-less Waxy Barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.) Cultivar 'Boseokchal' Inhibit RANKL-induced Osteoclastogenesis. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24203735. [PMID: 31623242 PMCID: PMC6832910 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24203735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a disease that leads to reduced bone mineral density. The increase in patient and medical costs because of global aging is recognized as a problem. Decreased bone mass is a common symptom of bone diseases such as Paget’s disease, rheumatoid arthritis, and multiple myeloma. Osteoclasts, which directly affect bone mass, show a marked increase in differentiation and activation in the aforementioned diseases. Moreover, these multinucleated cells made from monocytes/macrophages under the influence of RANKL and M-CSF, are the only cells capable of resorbing bones. In this study, we found that the water extracts of Boseokchal (BSC-W) inhibited osteoclast differentiation in vitro and investigated its inhibitory mechanism. BSC-W was obtained by extracting flour of Boseokchal using hexane and water. To osteoclast differentiation, bone marrow-derived macrophage cells (BMMs) were cultured with the vehicle (0.1% DMSO) or BSC-W in the presence of M-CSF and RANKL for 4 days. Cytotoxicity was measured by CCK-8. Gene expression of cells was confirmed by real-time PCR. Protein expression of cells was observed by western blot assay. Bone resorption activity of osteoclast evaluated by bone pit formation assay using an Osteo Assay Plate. BSC-W inhibited RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis in a dose-dependent manner without exerting a cytotoxic effect on BMMs. BSC-W decreased the transcriptional and translational expression of c-Fos and NFATc1, which are regulators of osteoclastogenesis and reduced the mRNA expression level of TRAP, DC-STAMP, and cathepsin K, which are osteoclast differentiation marker. Furthermore, BSC-W reduced the resorption activity of osteoclasts. Taken together, our results indicate that BSC-W is a useful candidate for health functional foods or therapeutic agents that can help treat bone diseases such as osteoporosis.
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Golonka R, Yeoh BS, Vijay-Kumar M. Dietary Additives and Supplements Revisited: The Fewer, the Safer for Liver and Gut Health. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 5:303-316. [PMID: 32864300 DOI: 10.1007/s40495-019-00187-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Purpose of Review The supplementation of dietary additives into processed foods has exponentially increased in the past few decades. Similarly, the incidence rates of various diseases, including metabolic syndrome, gut dysbiosis and hepatocarcinogenesis, have been elevating. Current research reveals that there is a positive association between food additives and these pathophysiological diseases. This review highlights the research published within the past 5 years that elucidate and update the effects of dietary supplements on liver and intestinal health. Recent Findings Some of the key findings include: enterocyte dysfunction of fructose clearance causes non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD); non-caloric sweeteners are hepatotoxic; dietary emulsifiers instigate gut dysbiosis and hepatocarcinogenesis; and certain prebiotics can induce cholestatic hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in gut dysbiotic mice. Overall, multiple reports suggest that the administration of purified, dietary supplements could cause functional damage to both the liver and gut. Summary The extraction of bioactive components from natural resources was considered a brilliant method to modulate human health. However, current research highlights that such purified components may negatively affect individuals with microbiotal dysbiosis, resulting in a deeper break of the symbiotic relationship between the host and gut microbiota, which can lead to repercussions on gut and liver health. Therefore, ingestion of these dietary additives should not go without some caution!
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Golonka
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Beng San Yeoh
- Graduate Program in Immunology & Infectious Disease, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Matam Vijay-Kumar
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA.,Department of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
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Dietary Fiber, Atherosclerosis, and Cardiovascular Disease. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11051155. [PMID: 31126110 PMCID: PMC6566984 DOI: 10.3390/nu11051155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 250] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Observational studies have shown that dietary fiber intake is associated with decreased risk of cardiovascular disease. Dietary fiber is a non-digestible form of carbohydrates, due to the lack of the digestive enzyme in humans required to digest fiber. Dietary fibers and lignin are intrinsic to plants and are classified according to their water solubility properties as either soluble or insoluble fibers. Water-soluble fibers include pectin, gums, mucilage, fructans, and some resistant starches. They are present in some fruits, vegetables, oats, and barley. Soluble fibers have been shown to lower blood cholesterol by several mechanisms. On the other hand, water-insoluble fibers mainly include lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose; whole-grain foods, bran, nuts, and seeds are rich in these fibers. Water-insoluble fibers have rapid gastric emptying, and as such may decrease the intestinal transit time and increase fecal bulk, thus promoting digestive regularity. In addition to dietary fiber, isolated and extracted fibers are known as functional fiber and have been shown to induce beneficial health effects when added to food during processing. The recommended daily allowances (RDAs) for total fiber intake for men and women aged 19–50 are 38 gram/day and 25 gram/day, respectively. It is worth noting that the RDA recommendations are for healthy people and do not apply to individuals with some chronic diseases. Studies have shown that most Americans do not consume the recommended intake of fiber. This review will summarize the current knowledge regarding dietary fiber, sources of food containing fiber, atherosclerosis, and heart disease risk reduction.
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