1
|
Pham HT, Lanza ST, Claus ED, Heim CM, Noll JG, Shenk CE, Schreier HMC. Sex differences in the roles of nicotine use and puberty on youth C-reactive protein levels: Effects above and beyond adversity. Brain Behav Immun Health 2024; 40:100841. [PMID: 39252982 PMCID: PMC11381809 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2024.100841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammation likely mediates associations between nicotine use and negative health outcomes. Sex differences have been observed in nicotine use-inflammation links, and physiological processes during puberty might allow for these differences to arise. In this cross-sectional study of 498 youth (ages 8-13, 52% girls, 77% with history of child maltreatment (CM) investigation), sex-differentiated associations between self-reported nicotine use and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) were explored. Additionally, self-reported pubertal stage was investigated as a moderator of such nicotine use-hs-CRP links. Hierarchical generalized estimating equation models were adjusted for a wide range of adversity effects: CM investigation history derived from state records, self- and caregiver-report of traumatic life events, adversity-related demographic risk factors (i.e., identification with historically marginalized racial and ethnic groups, household income), and other characteristics that may influence the variables of interest (e.g., medication use, age, body mass index). Nicotine use had a negative main effect on hs-CRP among boys (β = -0.50, p = 0.02), and pubertal stage did not moderate this association (β = 0.06, p = 0.71). In contrast, pubertal stage moderated the association between nicotine use and hs-CRP among girls (β = 0.48, p = 0.02) such that a positive association between nicotine use and hs-CRP levels was stronger at more advanced pubertal stages (β = 0.45, SE = 0.21, 95% CI [0.03, 0.87]). Findings suggest that puberty may influence the effect of nicotine on inflammation in sex-differentiated ways and have implications for timing of prevention and treatment efforts geared toward reducing nicotine use and subsequent inflammation-related health risk among youth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Holly T Pham
- Department of Psychology, 239 Moore Building, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, United States
| | - Stephanie T Lanza
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, 219 Biobehavioral Health Building, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, United States
| | - Eric D Claus
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, 219 Biobehavioral Health Building, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, United States
| | - Christine M Heim
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Medical Psychology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jennie G Noll
- Department of Psychology and Mount Hope Family Center, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Chad E Shenk
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Hannah M C Schreier
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, 219 Biobehavioral Health Building, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bourassa KJ, Sbarra DA. Trauma, adversity, and biological aging: behavioral mechanisms relevant to treatment and theory. Transl Psychiatry 2024; 14:285. [PMID: 38997260 PMCID: PMC11245531 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-024-03004-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Although stress and adversity are largely universal experiences, people exposed to greater hardship are at increased risk for negative health consequences. Recent studies identify accelerated biological aging as a mechanism that could explain how trauma and adversity gives rise to poor health, and advances in this area of study coincide with technological innovations in the measurement of biological aging, particularly epigenetic profiles consistent with accelerated aging derived from DNA methylation. In this review, we provide an overview of the current literature examining how adversity might accelerate biological aging, with a specific focus on social and health behaviors. The most extensive evidence in this area suggests that health-compromising behaviors, particularly smoking, may partially explain the association between adversity and accelerated aging. Although there is relatively less published support for the role of social behaviors, emerging evidence points to the importance of social connection as a mechanism for future study. Our review highlights the need to determine the extent to which the associations from adversity to accelerated aging are consistent with causal processes. As we consider these questions, the review emphasizes methodological approaches from the causal inference literature that can help deepen our understanding of how stress and trauma might result in poor health. The use of these methodologies will help provide evidence as to which behavioral interventions might slow aging and improve health, particularly among populations that more often experience adversity and trauma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyle J Bourassa
- VA Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, Durham VA Health Care System, Durham, NC, USA.
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Durham Veteran Affairs (VA) Health Care System, Durham, NC, USA.
- Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
| | - David A Sbarra
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhang M, Chi C, Liu Q, Zhang Y, Tao X, Liu H, Xuan B. Prevalence of smartphone addiction and its relation with psychological distress and internet gaming disorder among medical college students. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1362121. [PMID: 38887253 PMCID: PMC11182557 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1362121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The incidence of smartphone addiction has been widely studied, but the research on the relationship between smartphone addiction and psychological distress and internet gaming disorder is limited. This study investigated the characteristics and prevalence of smartphone addiction and its relation with psychological distress and internet gaming disorder. Furthermore, it provides the scientific basis for intervention measures in schools, families, and society. Methods A random cluster sampling method was applied to investigate 656 medical students from grades 1 to 4 at Wannan Medical College in Anhui province, People's Republic of China. The questionnaire consisted of general information, a smartphone addiction scale, an Internet gaming disorder scale, and a Kessler 6-item psychological distress test. The obtained results were first summarized using descriptive statistics. The Chi-square test was used to compare the status of smartphone addiction. Binary logistic regression was used to analyze the relationship between smartphone addiction and various variables. Results Our results showed that the prevalence of smartphone addiction in medical students was 49.5% (325/656). Psychological distress (p < 0.001), internet gaming disorder (p < 0.001), and childhood trauma (p = 0.001) were highly correlated with smartphone addiction in medical students. Psychological distress, and internet gaming disorder were positively associated with smartphone addiction (p < 0.000). Conclusion The prevalence of smartphone addiction is high among medical students in Chinese. Smartphone addiction is highly related to related to internet gaming disorder and psychological distress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zhang
- School of Educational Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui, China
- School of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Chenru Chi
- Graduate School of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Qingwei Liu
- School of Nursing, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yuhao Zhang
- School of Medical Imaging of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Xiubin Tao
- Department of Nursing, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College), Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Huan Liu
- Department of Hemodialysis, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College), Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Bin Xuan
- School of Educational Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
de la Rosa R, Le A, Holm S, Ye M, Bush NR, Hessler D, Koita K, Bucci M, Long D, Thakur N. Associations Between Early-Life Adversity, Ambient Air Pollution, and Telomere Length in Children. Psychosom Med 2024; 86:422-430. [PMID: 38588482 PMCID: PMC11142884 DOI: 10.1097/psy.0000000000001276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Examine the independent associations and interaction between early-life adversity and residential ambient air pollution exposure on relative buccal telomere length (rBTL). METHODS Experiences of abuse, neglect, household challenges, and related life events were identified in a cross-sectional sample of children aged 1 to 11 years ( n = 197) using the 17-item Pediatric ACEs and Related Life Event Screener (PEARLS) tool. The PEARLS tool was analyzed both as a total score and across established domains (Maltreatment, Household Challenges, and Social Context). Ground-level fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) concentrations were matched to residential locations for the 1 and 12 months before biospecimen collection. We used multivariable linear regression models to examine for independent associations between continuous PM 2.5 exposure and PEARLS score/domains with rBTL. In addition, effect modification by PEARLS scores and domains on associations between PM 2.5 exposure and rBTL was examined. RESULTS Study participants were 47% girls, with mean (standard deviation) age of 5.9 (3.4) years, median reported PEARLS score of 2 (interquartile range [IQR], 4), median 12-month prior PM 2.5 concentrations of 11.8 μg/m 3 (IQR, 2.7 μg/m 3 ), median 1-month prior PM 2.5 concentrations of 10.9 μg/m 3 (IQR, 5.8 μg/m 3 ), and rBTL of 0.1 (IQR, 0.03). Mean 12-month prior PM 2.5 exposure was inversely associated with rBTL ( β = -0.02, 95% confidence interval = -0.04 to -0.01). Although reported PEARLS scores and domains were not independently associated with rBTL, we observed a greater decrement in rBTL with increment of average annual PM 2.5 as reported Social Context domain items increased ( p -interaction < .05). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that adverse Social Context factors may accelerate the association between chronic PM 2.5 exposure on telomere shortening during childhood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rosemarie de la Rosa
- Environmental Health Sciences Division, University of California, Berkeley, School of Public Health
- University of California, San Francisco, Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine
| | - Austin Le
- Environmental Health Sciences Division, University of California, Berkeley, School of Public Health
| | - Stephanie Holm
- Western States Pediatric Environmental Health Specialty Unit
| | - Morgan Ye
- University of California, San Francisco, Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine
| | - Nicole R. Bush
- University of California San Francisco, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science
- University of California, San Francisco, Department of Pediatrics
| | - Danielle Hessler
- University of California San Francisco, Department of Family and Community Medicine
| | | | | | - Dayna Long
- University of California, San Francisco, Department of Pediatrics
- UCSF Benioff Children’s Hospital Oakland
| | - Neeta Thakur
- University of California, San Francisco, Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Jiang WI, De Belly H, Wang B, Wong A, Kim M, Oh F, DeGeorge J, Huang X, Guang S, Weiner OD, Ma DK. Early-life stress triggers long-lasting organismal resilience and longevity via tetraspanin. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadj3880. [PMID: 38266092 PMCID: PMC10807809 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adj3880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Early-life stress experiences can produce lasting impacts on organismal adaptation and fitness. How transient stress elicits memory-like physiological effects is largely unknown. Here, we show that early-life thermal stress strongly up-regulates tsp-1, a gene encoding the conserved transmembrane tetraspanin in C. elegans. TSP-1 forms prominent multimers and stable web-like structures critical for membrane barrier functions in adults and during aging. Increased TSP-1 abundance persists even after transient early-life heat stress. Such regulation requires CBP-1, a histone acetyltransferase that facilitates initial tsp-1 transcription. Tetraspanin webs form regular membrane structures and mediate resilience-promoting effects of early-life thermal stress. Gain-of-function TSP-1 confers marked C. elegans longevity extension and thermal resilience in human cells. Together, our results reveal a cellular mechanism by which early-life thermal stress produces long-lasting memory-like impact on organismal resilience and longevity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei I. Jiang
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Henry De Belly
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Bingying Wang
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Andrew Wong
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Minseo Kim
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Fiona Oh
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jason DeGeorge
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Xinya Huang
- The USTC RNA Institute, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Shouhong Guang
- The USTC RNA Institute, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Orion D. Weiner
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Dengke K. Ma
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Jiang WI, De Belly H, Wang B, Wong A, Kim M, Oh F, DeGeorge J, Huang X, Guang S, Weiner OD, Ma DK. Early-life stress triggers long-lasting organismal resilience and longevity via tetraspanin. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.25.550452. [PMID: 37546737 PMCID: PMC10402089 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.25.550452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Early-life stress experiences can produce lasting impacts on organismal adaptation and fitness. How transient stress elicits memory-like physiological effects is largely unknown. Here we show that early-life thermal stress strongly up-regulates tsp-1, a gene encoding the conserved transmembrane tetraspanin in C. elegans. TSP-1 forms prominent multimers and stable web-like structures critical for membrane barrier functions in adults and during aging. The up-regulation of TSP-1 persists even after transient early-life stress. Such regulation requires CBP-1, a histone acetyl-transferase that facilitates initial tsp-1 transcription. Tetraspanin webs form regular membrane structures and mediate resilience-promoting effects of early-life thermal stress. Gain-of-function TSP-1 confers marked C. elegans longevity extension and thermal resilience in human cells. Together, our results reveal a cellular mechanism by which early-life thermal stress produces long-lasting memory-like impact on organismal resilience and longevity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei I. Jiang
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
| | - Henry De Belly
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Bingying Wang
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
| | - Andrew Wong
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
| | - Minseo Kim
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
| | - Fiona Oh
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
| | - Jason DeGeorge
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
| | - Xinya Huang
- The USTC RNA Institute, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Shouhong Guang
- The USTC RNA Institute, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Orion D. Weiner
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Dengke K. Ma
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
- Department of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Nkwata AK, Smith J. Early learning difficulties, childhood stress, race, and risk of cognitive impairment among US adults over age 50: A cross-sectional analysis. Health Sci Rep 2023; 6:e1756. [PMID: 38093828 PMCID: PMC10716572 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.1756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Most literature linking childhood factors to cognitive health outcomes has focused on educational attainment-defined as years of education attained. However, less has been studied about the other aspects of education, such as early learning problems, and stressful family environments. This study examined whether early learning problems and childhood stressors were associated with mid- and later life cognitive impairment among US adults, and if these associations varied by race. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional analysis using the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) along with respondents' early educational experiences from the 2015 to 2017 Life History Mail Survey (N = 9703). Early learning problems were defined as having any of the following: scholastic problems (reading, writing, mathematics), speaking/language issues, and sensorimotor issues- hearing, vision, speech, and motor-coordination. Cognitive status was classified as three levels (normal, cognitively impaired not demented [CIND], and demented) using the HRS Langa-Weir algorithm. Multinomial logistic regression models using generalized logits, estimated relative risk ratios (RRRs), and 95% confidence intervals (CI) with adjustment for sociodemographic factors. Results Having at least one early learning problem was associated with increased risk of later life cognitive impairment (RRR: 1.75, 95% CI: 1.34-2.29 for dementia, RRR: 1.42, 95% CI: 1.20-1.67 for CIND). Parental death before the age of 16 was associated with 17% higher risk of CIND in later life (RRR: 1.17, 95% CI: 1.01-1.34). However, learning problem-related differences in risk of cognitive impairment were dependent on race (learning problems × race, p = 0.0001). In the demented group, Blacks were 2.7 times more likely to be demented (RRR: 2.66, 95% CI: 1.69-4.17) amongst older adults that experienced childhood learning problems. Conclusions Early life exposures predicted risk of cognitive impairment. Policies and interventions that enhance diagnosis of early learning problems and improve childhood social contexts are needed to promote healthy cognitive aging amongst Americans, regardless of race.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Allan K. Nkwata
- Institute for Social ResearchUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Jacqui Smith
- Institute for Social ResearchUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Villena-Gonzalez M. Caresses, whispers and affective faces: A theoretical framework for a multimodal interoceptive mechanism underlying ASMR and affective touch: An evolutionary and developmental perspective for understanding ASMR and affective touch as complementary processes within affiliative interactions. Bioessays 2023; 45:e2300095. [PMID: 37800564 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202300095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Autonomous sensory meridian response (ASMR) and affective touch (AT) are two phenomena that have been independently investigated from separate lines of research. In this article, I provide a unified theoretical framework for understanding and studying them as complementary processes. I highlight their shared biological basis and positive effects on emotional and psychophysiological regulation. Drawing from evolutionary and developmental theories, I propose that ASMR results from the development of biological mechanisms associated with early affiliative behaviour and self-regulation, similar to AT. I also propose a multimodal interoceptive mechanism underlying both phenomena, suggesting that different sensory systems could specifically respond to affective stimulation (caresses, whispers and affective faces), where the integration of those inputs occurs in the brain's interoceptive hubs, allowing physiological regulation. The implications of this proposal are discussed with a view to future research that jointly examines ASMR and AT, and their potential impact on improving emotional well-being and mental health.
Collapse
|
9
|
Lei MK, Berg MT, Simons RL, Beach SRH. Specifying the psychosocial pathways whereby child and adolescent adversity shape adult health outcomes. Psychol Med 2023; 53:6027-6036. [PMID: 36268877 PMCID: PMC10120399 DOI: 10.1017/s003329172200318x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social scientists generally agree that health disparities are produced, at least in part, by adverse social experiences, especially during childhood and adolescence. Building on this research, we use an innovative method to measure early adversity while drawing upon a biopsychosocial perspective on health to formulate a model that specifies indirect pathways whereby childhood and adolescent adversity become biologically embedded and influence adult health. METHOD Using nearly 20 years of longitudinal data from 382 Black Americans, we use repeated-measures latent class analysis (RMLCA) to construct measures of childhood/adolescent adversities and their trajectories. Then, we employ structural equation modeling to examine the direct and indirect effects of childhood/adolescent adversity on health outcomes in adulthood through psychosocial maladjustment. RESULTS RMLCA identified two classes for each component of childhood/adolescent adversity across the ages of 10 to 18, suggesting that childhood/adolescent social adversities exhibit a prolonged heterogeneous developmental trajectory. The models controlled for early and adult mental health, sociodemographic and health-related covariates. Psychosocial maladjustment, measured by low self-esteem, depressive and anxiety symptoms, and lack of self-control, mediated the relationship between childhood/adolescent adversity, especially parental hostility, racial discrimination, and socioeconomic class, and both self-reported illness and blood-based accelerated biological aging (with proportion mediation ranging from 8.22% to 79.03%). CONCLUSION The results support a biopsychosocial model of health and provide further evidence that, among Black Americans, early life social environmental experiences, especially parenting, financial stress, and racial discrimination, are associated with adult health profiles, and furthermore, psychosocial mechanisms mediate this association.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Man-Kit Lei
- Department of Sociology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Mark T. Berg
- Department of Sociology and Criminology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Smith R, Versluis A, Chuning AE, Allen JJ, Weihs KL, Brosschot JF, Verkuil B, Allam A, Lane RD. Early adversity and emotional awareness: A partial confirmation and extension of their relationship. JOURNAL OF FAMILY TRAUMA, CHILD CUSTODY & CHILD DEVELOPMENT 2023; 21:320-340. [PMID: 39148864 PMCID: PMC11323048 DOI: 10.1080/26904586.2023.2216695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
Early adversity has been consistently linked to mental health outcomes, but the underlying pathways remain unclear. One previous study found an association between early adversity and trait emotional awareness (EA), which has itself been linked to health outcomes, but links to mental health were not explicitly examined. The aim of the current study was to test the hypothesis that the association between early adversity and health can be partially accounted for by differences in EA within a large student sample (n = 196). Participants completed measures of early adversity, EA, and current emotional functioning (i.e., depression, anxiety, somatization, positive/negative affect). Bayesian analyses found the most evidence for models with an interaction between sex and early adversity in predicting emotional functioning - revealing the expected negative relationship between early adversity and EA in females, but a positive relationship in males. Early adversity, but not EA, was associated with depression, anxiety, and implicit negative affect. Only explicit positive affect was associated with both early adversity and EA, and EA partially mediated the negative association between early adversity and positive affect. These results provide limited support for EA as a mediating pathway for the effects of early adversity on mental health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Karen L. Weihs
- University of Arizona
- University of Arizona Cancer Center
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Barczyk ZA, Foulds JA, Porter RJ, Douglas KM. Childhood trauma and cognitive functioning in mood disorders: A systematic review. Bipolar Disord 2023; 25:263-277. [PMID: 36949602 DOI: 10.1111/bdi.13321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive impairment is a core feature of mood disorders and has been identified as an important treatment target. A better understanding of the factors contributing to cognitive impairment in mood disorders would be beneficial in developing interventions to address cognitive impairment. One key factor is childhood trauma. The aim of this review was to systematically synthesise and review research examining associations between reported childhood trauma and cognitive functioning in mood disorders. METHODS Studies in adult samples examining the relationship between objective cognitive function and reported childhood trauma in major depressive disorder and/or bipolar disorder (in-episode or euthymia) were identified. Searches were conducted on PubMed, Embase and PsycINFO until January 2022. A narrative review technique was used due to the heterogeneity of group comparisons, cognitive tests and data analysis across studies. RESULTS Seventeen studies met the criteria for inclusion (mood disorders N = 1723, healthy controls N = 797). Evidence for childhood trauma being related to poorer cognitive functioning was consistent across global cognitive functioning and executive function domains for euthymic patients and psychomotor speed for in-episode patients. There was mixed evidence for verbal learning and memory and executive function for in-episode patients. Identification of patterns within other domains was difficult due to limited number of studies. CONCLUSION Findings from this review suggest childhood trauma is associated with poorer cognitive functioning in people with mood disorders. Targeted interventions to improve cognition may be warranted for this group.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zoe A Barczyk
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, 8011, New Zealand
| | - James A Foulds
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, 8011, New Zealand
| | - Richard J Porter
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, 8011, New Zealand
- Specialist Mental Health Services, Canterbury District Health Board, Christchurch, 8024, New Zealand
| | - Katie M Douglas
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, 8011, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Fitryasari R, Nihayati HE, Yusuf A, Islamiyah T, Hikmawati SI, Ayu EQ, Agustin R, Ching-Lan Lin E. Analysis of factors related to the resilience of street children in Surabaya City, Indonesia. Int J Adolesc Med Health 2023; 35:203-208. [PMID: 36719171 DOI: 10.1515/ijamh-2022-0104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The inability to adapt to difficult and stressful situations in the environment leads to low resilience ability in street children. Knowing the influencing factors is important to help them achieve optimal resilience. This study aims to analyze the relationship between factors related to street children's resilience. METHODS This study used a correlational design with a cross-sectional approach. The population was street children in two halfway-home in Surabaya (Kampung Anak Negeri and Sanggar Alang-Alang). The sample was 129 respondents obtained using simple random sampling. The independent variables were unpleasant past experience, antisocial behavior, level of depression, age, sex, length of time being street children and positive support. The dependent variable was resilience. Data were collected using questionnaires and analyzed by Spearman Rho-test with p<0.05. RESULTS The result showed, that unpleasant past experiences (p=0.00 and r= -0.313), level of depression (p=0.00 and r= -0.279) and positive support have an association with resilience (p=0.000 and r=0.331). The lowest unpleasant past experiences and depression levels and the higher positive support will make higher resiliency in street children. CONCLUSIONS This study has explained the unpleasant past experiences and depression levels as risk factors and the positive support as a supportive factor for street children's resilience.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rizki Fitryasari
- Fundamental Nursing, Airlangga University Faculty of Nursing, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Hanik Endang Nihayati
- Department of Psychiatry and Community Health Nursing, Universitas Airlangga Fakultas Keperawatan, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Ah Yusuf
- Nursing, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Tsuwaibatul Islamiyah
- Department of Nursing, College of Medicine, International Advanced Nursing Program, College of Medicine National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | | | - Enggar Qurani Ayu
- Bachelor Student, Airlangga University Faculty of Nursing, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Rosita Agustin
- Fundamental Nursing, Airlangga University Faculty of Nursing, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Esther Ching-Lan Lin
- Departement of Nursing, College of Medicine National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Mohammed R, Neuner F. Putative juvenile terrorists: the relationship between multiple traumatization, mental health, and expectations for reintegration among Islamic State recruited adolescent and young adult fighters. Confl Health 2022; 16:58. [DOI: 10.1186/s13031-022-00489-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
In several conflicts worldwide children are recruited as fighters in irregular forces. These children need to be reintegrated into the society after the conflict. However, concurrent to various reservations in the communities, the reintegration of former child soldiers is challenged by the fact that many of the affected children were indoctrinated by the armed group and traumatized through war events. Even several years after the defeat of the terrorist organization ISIS in Iraq, systematic efforts towards the reintegration of children who had been recruited by ISIS are notably absent.
Methods
we conducted clinical interviews with a sample of N = 59 adolescents and young adults who were incarcerated for terrorism in the prisons of the Kurdistan Region of Iraq to assess levels and types of trauma exposure, PTSD, depression, readiness to reintegrate and ongoing identification with ISIS.
Results
We found high levels of PTSD and depression that were associated with trauma exposure. The subjective readiness to reintegrate into the communities was associated with trauma exposure and was mediated by depression, even after controlling for the influence of ongoing identification with the armed group.
Conclusion
The study indicates that trauma-related mental ill-health should be considered in efforts to reintegrate young former terrorists.
Collapse
|
14
|
Roche S, Spring A, Moore A. Childhood neighborhoods and health: Census-based neighborhood measures versus residential lived experiences. Health Place 2022; 78:102902. [PMID: 36108357 PMCID: PMC9712274 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2022.102902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This study examines the impact of neighborhood disadvantage and neighborhood social connectedness during childhood on subsequent health status during early adulthood. We link longitudinal data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics with Census data on children's surrounding neighborhoods. We estimate results with conventional linear regression and novel methods that better adjust for neighborhood selection processes. We find that neighborhood connectedness in childhood is protective against psychological distress in early adulthood, net of selection effects. However, greater connectedness exacerbates the risk of obesity within disadvantaged contexts for Black youth. Our results highlight a potential pathway for improving population health by investing in the social connectedness of neighborhoods alongside reducing structural inequalities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Roche
- Department of Sociology, Georgia State University, 38 Peachtree Center Ave SE, Atlanta, USA.
| | - Amy Spring
- Department of Sociology, Georgia State University, 38 Peachtree Center Ave SE, Atlanta, USA.
| | - Alexus Moore
- Department of Sociology, Georgia State University, 38 Peachtree Center Ave SE, Atlanta, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Adverse childhood experiences (ACE) are associated with an increased risk for dementia, but this relationship and modifying factors are poorly understood. This study is the first to our knowledge to comprehensively examine the effect of ACE on specific cognitive functions and measures associated with greater risk and resiliency to cognitive decline in independent community-dwelling older adults. METHODS Verbal/nonverbal intelligence, verbal memory, visual memory, and executive attention were assessed. Self-report measures examined depression, self-efficacy, and subjective cognitive concerns (SCC). The ACE questionnaire measured childhood experiences of abuse, neglect, and household dysfunction. RESULTS Over 56% of older adults reported an adverse childhood event. ACE scores were negatively associated with income and years of education and positively associated with depressive symptoms and SCC. ACE scores were a significant predictor of intellectual function and executive attention; however, these relationships were no longer significant after adjusting for education. Follow-up analyses using the PROCESS macro revealed that relationships among higher ACE scores with intellectual function and executive attention were mediated by education. CONCLUSIONS Greater childhood adversity may increase vulnerability for cognitive impairment by impacting early education, socioeconomic status, and mental health. These findings have clinical implications for enhancing levels of cognitive reserve and addressing modifiable risk factors to prevent or attenuate cognitive decline in older adults.
Collapse
|
16
|
Wang X, Luo R, Guo P, Shang M, Zheng J, Cai Y, Mo PKH, Lau JTF, Zhang D, Li J, Gu J. Positive Affect Moderates the Influence of Perceived Stress on the Mental Health of Healthcare Workers during the COVID-19 Pandemic. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph192013600. [PMID: 36294184 PMCID: PMC9603543 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192013600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has posed a profound psychological impact on healthcare workers. However, the role of positive affect in moderating the effect of perceived stress on the psychological states of healthcare workers remains unknown. This study aimed to analyze the moderating effect of positive affect on the association between stress and the mental health of healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. This cross-sectional study evaluated the relationships between perceived stress (the Perceived Stress Scale), positive affect (the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule), depression (the Patient Health Questionnaire-9), and anxiety (the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item Scale) during the COVID-19 pandemic in 644 Chinese healthcare workers who completed online self-reports. The results revealed a significant negative association between positive affect and psychological problems, including stress, depression, and anxiety. At the total group level, multiple regression analysis showed that positive affect alleviated the influence of perceived stress on depression, but no significant moderating effect was found for anxiety. In the subgroups divided by perceived stress, the moderating effect of positive affect on depression was only significant in healthcare workers with a high level of perceived stress. These results suggested that positive affect played a moderative role in alleviating the effect of stress on depression among healthcare workers, particularly those with a high level of stress, thus emphasizing the importance of positive affect as an intervention strategy for promoting the mental health of healthcare workers in the context of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xu Wang
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, No.74, Zhongshan Second Road, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Rui Luo
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, No.74, Zhongshan Second Road, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Pengyue Guo
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, No.74, Zhongshan Second Road, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Menglin Shang
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, No.74, Zhongshan Second Road, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Jing Zheng
- Shenzhen Health Development Research and Data Management Center, Shenzhen 518028, China
| | - Yuqi Cai
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, No.74, Zhongshan Second Road, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Phoenix K. H. Mo
- Division of Behavioral Health and Health Promotion, The School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518172, China
| | - Joseph T. F. Lau
- Division of Behavioral Health and Health Promotion, The School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518172, China
- Centre for Medical Anthropology and Behavioral Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Dexing Zhang
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jinghua Li
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, No.74, Zhongshan Second Road, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Sun Yat-sen University Global Health Institute, School of Public Health, Institute of State Governance, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Jing Gu
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, No.74, Zhongshan Second Road, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Sun Yat-sen University Global Health Institute, School of Public Health, Institute of State Governance, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Center for Health Information Research, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Early Adversity and Changes in Cortisol and Negative Affect in Response to Interpersonal Threats in the Laboratory. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19105934. [PMID: 35627468 PMCID: PMC9141898 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19105934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Adverse childhood experiences, such as abuse and neglect, are associated with poor health outcomes. This association may be partially explained by differences in stress physiology. Though most early adverse experiences occur within the context of interpersonal relationships, stress exposures manipulated in the laboratory rarely involve interpersonal interactions beyond the mere presence of others. This study examines whether adverse childhood experiences are associated with differences in affective and cortisol reactivity to two stressors which may more closely resemble the powerlessness and the lack of control characteristic of many adverse childhood experiences: a dominant (vs. submissive) interaction partner and lower (vs. higher) social status. We also manipulate social-evaluative threat as a test of whether these interpersonal stressors are more germane to stress reactivity associated with early adversity than the performance anxiety evoked by more traditional laboratory stressors, such as the Trier Social Stress Test. The results partially support the hypothesis that participants with greater early adversity may be more reactive to interpersonal stressors reminiscent of early adverse experience. Given the interpersonal nature of most adverse childhood experiences, conceptualizing and measuring associations with stress physiology in an interpersonal context may more closely capture the psychological and biological embedding of these early experiences.
Collapse
|
18
|
Testing the empirical integration of threat-deprivation and harshness-unpredictability dimensional models of adversity. Dev Psychopathol 2022; 34:513-526. [PMID: 35256038 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579422000013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Recent dimensional models of adversity informed by a neurobiological deficit framework highlights threat and deprivation as core dimensions, whereas models informed by an evolutionary, adaptational and functional framework calls attention to harshness and unpredictability. This report seeks to evaluate an integrative model of threat, deprivation, and unpredictability, drawing on the Fragile Families Study. Confirmatory factor analysis of presumed multiple indicators of each construct reveals an adequate three-factor structure of adversity. Theory-based targeted predictions of the developmental sequelae of each dimension also received empirical support, with deprivation linked to health problems and cognitive ability; threat linked to aggression; and unpredictability to substance use and sexual risk-taking. These findings lend credibility to utility of the three-dimensional integrative framework of adversity. It could thus inform development of dimensional measures of risk assessment and exploration of multidimensional adversity profiles, sensitive to individual differences in lived experiences, supporting patient-centered, strength-based approaches to services.
Collapse
|
19
|
Liu S, Fisher PA. Early experience unpredictability in child development as a model for understanding the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic: A translational neuroscience perspective. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2022; 54:101091. [PMID: 35217299 PMCID: PMC8860470 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Extensive evidence links adverse experiences during childhood to a wide range of negative consequences in biological, socioemotional, and cognitive development. Unpredictability is a core element underlying most forms of early adversity; it has been a focus of developmental research for many years and has been receiving increasing attention recently. In this article, we propose a conceptual model to describe how unpredictable and adverse early experiences affect children's neurobiological, behavioral, and psychological development in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. We first highlight the critical role of unpredictability in child development by reviewing existing conceptual models of early adversity as they relate to subsequent development across the lifespan. Then, we employ a translational neuroscience framework to summarize the current animal- and human-based evidence on the neurobiological alterations induced by early experience unpredictability. We further argue that the COVID-19 pandemic serves as a global "natural experiment" that provides rare insight to the investigation of the negative developmental consequences of widespread, clustered, and unpredictable adverse events among children. We discuss how the pandemic helps advance the science of unpredictable early adverse experiences. As unpredictability research continues to grow, we highlight several directions for future studies and implications for policymaking and intervention practices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sihong Liu
- Center for Translational Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States.
| | - Philip A Fisher
- Center for Translational Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Mathur A, Li JC, Lipitz SR, Graham-Engeland JE. Emotion Regulation as a Pathway Connecting Early Life Adversity and Inflammation in Adulthood: a Conceptual Framework. ADVERSITY AND RESILIENCE SCIENCE 2022; 3:1-19. [PMID: 35224511 PMCID: PMC8863511 DOI: 10.1007/s42844-022-00051-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is implicated in a variety of diseases (e.g., cardiovascular disease and cancer). Much evidence suggests that early life adversity (ELA), such as maltreatment or neglect, can increase risk for inflammation in adulthood. ELA may program proinflammatory activity via its effects on brain areas involved in emotion regulation. Of multiple emotion regulation strategies, some are considered maladaptive (e.g., expressive suppression), while others are generally adaptive (e.g., cognitive reappraisal). We propose a conceptual framework for how emotion regulation tendencies may affect vulnerability or resilience to inflammation in adults who experienced adversity in childhood and/or adolescence. In support of this framework, we summarize evidence for the relationships between emotion dysregulation and higher inflammation (i.e., vulnerability), as well as between cognitive reappraisal and lower inflammation (i.e., resilience), in healthy adults with a history of ELA. Plausible neurobiological, physiological, psychosocial, and ELA-specific factors, as well as interventions, contributing to these associations are discussed. Strengths and limitations of the extant research, in addition to ideas for future directions, are presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ambika Mathur
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA USA
| | - Jacinda C. Li
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA USA
| | - Sarah R. Lipitz
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Coimbra BM, Carvalho CM, van Zuiden M, Williamson RE, Ota VK, Mello AF, Belangero SI, Olff M, Mello MF. The impact of neighborhood context on telomere length: A systematic review. Health Place 2022; 74:102746. [PMID: 35123384 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2022.102746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A growing body of research demonstrates the association between neighborhood context and health. The underlying biological mechanisms of this association are not fully understood. We conducted a systematic review of studies that investigated the association between neighborhood context and telomere length (TL), a DNA-protein complex that shortens after cell division. Short TL is linked to age-related diseases and may be impacted by chronic stress. Nineteen eligible articles identified through PubMed and Scopus met inclusion criteria. Results demonstrated inconsistent support for the relationship between neighborhood disadvantage and short TL. However, findings across several studies provide evidence for an inverse association between perceived neighborhood problems and TL, suggesting that TL may be an important factor in understanding health vulnerabilities associated specifically with negative perceptions of the neighborhood context.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Messina Coimbra
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil; Program for Research and Care on Violence and PTSD (PROVE), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute and Amsterdam Neuroscience Research Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Carolina Muniz Carvalho
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Morphology and Genetics, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil; LiNC - Laboratory of Integrative Neuroscience, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mirjam van Zuiden
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute and Amsterdam Neuroscience Research Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Vanessa Kiyomi Ota
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Morphology and Genetics, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil; LiNC - Laboratory of Integrative Neuroscience, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andrea Feijó Mello
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil; Program for Research and Care on Violence and PTSD (PROVE), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sintia Iole Belangero
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Morphology and Genetics, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil; LiNC - Laboratory of Integrative Neuroscience, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Miranda Olff
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute and Amsterdam Neuroscience Research Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; ARQ National Psychotrauma Centre, Diemen, the Netherlands
| | - Marcelo Feijó Mello
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil; Program for Research and Care on Violence and PTSD (PROVE), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Chen Y, Wang L, Jiang D, Zhu S, Research Team W, Chen G, Gan Y. Vulnerability to early stressful life events: The moderating role of HOMER1 gene in the gene × environment interaction. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/17405629.2021.2011717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yidi Chen
- School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences and Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Lizhong Wang
- WeGene, Shenzhen Zaozhidao Technology Co. Ltd., Shenzhen, P. R. China
- Shenzhen WeGene Clinical Laboratory, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Dongdong Jiang
- School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences and Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Zhejiang University of Technology; Hangzhou, China
| | - Shanshan Zhu
- School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences and Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - WeGene Research Team
- WeGene, Shenzhen Zaozhidao Technology Co. Ltd., Shenzhen, P. R. China
- Shenzhen WeGene Clinical Laboratory, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Gang Chen
- WeGene, Shenzhen Zaozhidao Technology Co. Ltd., Shenzhen, P. R. China
- Shenzhen WeGene Clinical Laboratory, Shenzhen, P. R. China
- Hunan Provincial Key Lab on Bioinformatics, School of Computer Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Yiqun Gan
- School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences and Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Lo SL, Riley HO, Sturza J, Vazquez DM, Rosenblum K, Kaciroti N, Lumeng JC, Miller AL. Cortisol in early childhood moderates the association between family routines and observed affective balance in children from low-income backgrounds. Dev Psychobiol 2021; 63:e22204. [PMID: 34813102 DOI: 10.1002/dev.22204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The study of emotion regulation often addresses control of negative emotion. Researchers have proposed that affective balance is an indicator of emotion regulation that incorporates the role of positive emotion in the context of negative emotional experiences. Environmental and individual factors, such as family processes and biological stress regulation, are known to shape emotion regulation. The present study investigated whether child diurnal cortisol, an indicator of biological stress regulation, moderated the association between family routines and observed affective balance. Children (N = 222; M age = 4.70 years, SD = 0.60) from low-income households provided saliva samples to measure diurnal cortisol and completed a behavioral task designed to elicit negative emotions. Affective balance was defined as the difference score between the proportion of positive and negative emotional expressions displayed during the task. A higher affective balance score indicated greater positive compared with negative emotional displays. Simple slope analyses indicated that for children with a low morning cortisol intercept, more frequent family routines were associated with more affective balance. This pattern was not observed in children with average or high morning cortisol. Positive family routines may play an important role in shaping affective balance among children with disrupted cortisol levels from low-income backgrounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sharon L Lo
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Hurley O Riley
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Julie Sturza
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Delia M Vazquez
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Katherine Rosenblum
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Niko Kaciroti
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Julie C Lumeng
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Alison L Miller
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Alley J, Diamond LM. Early childhood adversity and Women’s sexual behavior: The role of sensitivity to sexual reward. DEVELOPMENTAL REVIEW 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dr.2021.100982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
25
|
McClendon J, Chang K, J Boudreaux M, Oltmanns TF, Bogdan R. Black-White racial health disparities in inflammation and physical health: Cumulative stress, social isolation, and health behaviors. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2021; 131:105251. [PMID: 34153589 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2021.105251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Black Americans have vastly increased odds and earlier onsets of stress- and age-related disease compared to White Americans. However, what contributes to these racial health disparities remains poorly understood. Using a sample of 1577 older adults (32.7% Black; ages 55-65 at baseline), we examined whether stress, health behaviors, social isolation, and inflammation are associated with racial disparities in self-reported physical health. A latent cumulative stress factor and unique stress-domain specific factors were modeled by applying bifactor confirmatory analysis to assessments across the lifespan (i.e., childhood maltreatment, trauma exposure, discrimination, stressful life events, and indices of socioeconomic status). Physical health, health behavior, and social isolation were assessed using self-report. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and C-reactive protein (CRP) were assayed from morning fasting serum samples; a z-scored inflammation index was formed across these 2 cytokines. A parallel serial mediational model tested whether race (i.e., Black/White) is indirectly associated with health through the following 3 independent pathways: (1) cumulative stress to preventative health behaviors (e.g., healthy eating) to inflammation, (2) cumulative stress to risky health behaviors (e.g., substance use) to inflammation; and (3) cumulative stress to social isolation to inflammation. There were significant indirect effects between race and self-reported physical health through cumulative stress, preventative health behaviors, and inflammation (B = -0.02, 95% CI: -0.05, -0.01). Specifically, Black Americans were exposed to greater cumulative stress, which was associated with reduced engagement in preventative health behaviors, which was, in turn, associated with greater inflammation and reduced physical health. A unique SES factor also indirectly linked race to physical health through preventative health behaviors. Cumulative stress exposure and unique aspects of socioeconomic status are indirectly associated with Black-White racial health disparities through behavioral (i.e., preventative health behavior) and biological (i.e., inflammation) factors. Culturally responsive evidence-based interventions that enhance engagement in preventative health behaviors are needed to directly confront health disparities. Ultimately, large scale anti-racist public policies that reduce cumulative stress burden (e.g., a living wage, universal healthcare) may best attenuate racial health disparities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juliette McClendon
- National Center for PTSD, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA; Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Ryan Bogdan
- Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Lane RD, Smith R. Levels of Emotional Awareness: Theory and Measurement of a Socio-Emotional Skill. J Intell 2021; 9:42. [PMID: 34449662 PMCID: PMC8395748 DOI: 10.3390/jintelligence9030042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Emotional awareness is the ability to conceptualize and describe one's own emotions and those of others. Over thirty years ago, a cognitive-developmental theory of emotional awareness patterned after Piaget's theory of cognitive development was created as well as a performance measure of this ability called the Levels of Emotional Awareness Scale (LEAS). Since then, a large number of studies have been completed in healthy volunteers and clinical populations including those with mental health or systemic medical disorders. Along the way, there have also been further refinements and adaptations of the LEAS such as the creation of a digital version in addition to further advances in the theory itself. This review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of the evolving theoretical background, measurement methods, and empirical findings with the LEAS. The LEAS is a reliable and valid measure of emotional awareness. Evidence suggests that emotional awareness facilitates better emotion self-regulation, better ability to navigate complex social situations and enjoy relationships, and better physical and mental health. This is a relatively new but promising area of research in the domain of socio-emotional skills. The paper concludes with some recommendations for future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard D. Lane
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Arizona, 1501 N. Campbell Ave., Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Ryan Smith
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, 6655 South Yale Ave., Tulsa, OK 74136, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Pellicano GR, Carola V, Bussone S, Cecchini M, Tambelli R, Lai C. Beyond the dyad: the role of mother and father in newborns' global DNA methylation during the first month of life-a pilot study. Dev Psychobiol 2021; 63:1345-1357. [PMID: 33350469 DOI: 10.1002/dev.22072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The study aimed to longitudinally explore the effects of parental prenatal attachment and psychopathological symptomatology on neonatal global DNA methylation (5-mC) variation between birth and the first month of life. Eighteen mothers and thirteen fathers were assessed before childbirth (t0) by Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), Prenatal-Attachment Inventory, and Paternal Antenatal Attachment Scale; 48 hr after childbirth (t1) by SCL-90-R; and one month after childbirth (t2) by PSS. At t1 and t2, buccal swabs from parents and newborns were collected. In newborns' 5-mC and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of DAT, MAOA, BDNF, and 5-HTTLPR genes were detected, while in parents only SNPs were measured. At t1, newborns' 5-mC was negatively associated with maternal psychopathological symptoms, while at t2, newborns' 5-mC was positively associated with paternal psychopathological symptoms and negatively with paternal prenatal attachment. The variation of newborns' 5-mC from t1 to t2 was predicted by paternal psychopathological symptoms. No significant correlations among parental SNPs and 5-mC levels were found. Results highlight parent-specific influences on newborn's DNA methylation. At birth, maternal psychological symptoms seem to have an effect on newborns' 5-mC, while after one month of life, paternal psychological characteristics could have a specific role in modulating the newborns' epigenetic responses to the environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gaia Romana Pellicano
- Department of Clinical and Dynamic Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Valeria Carola
- Department of Clinical and Dynamic Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Santa Lucia Foundation (IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Bussone
- Department of Clinical and Dynamic Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Cecchini
- Department of Clinical and Dynamic Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Renata Tambelli
- Department of Clinical and Dynamic Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Lai
- Department of Clinical and Dynamic Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Girard-Buttoz C, Tkaczynski PJ, Samuni L, Fedurek P, Gomes C, Löhrich T, Manin V, Preis A, Valé PF, Deschner T, Wittig RM, Crockford C. Early maternal loss leads to short- but not long-term effects on diurnal cortisol slopes in wild chimpanzees. eLife 2021; 10:e64134. [PMID: 34133269 PMCID: PMC8208813 DOI: 10.7554/elife.64134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The biological embedding model (BEM) suggests that fitness costs of maternal loss arise when early-life experience embeds long-term alterations to hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity. Alternatively, the adaptive calibration model (ACM) regards physiological changes during ontogeny as short-term adaptations. Both models have been tested in humans but rarely in wild, long-lived animals. We assessed whether, as in humans, maternal loss had short- and long-term impacts on orphan wild chimpanzee urinary cortisol levels and diurnal urinary cortisol slopes, both indicative of HPA axis functioning. Immature chimpanzees recently orphaned and/or orphaned early in life had diurnal cortisol slopes reflecting heightened activation of the HPA axis. However, these effects appeared short-term, with no consistent differences between orphan and non-orphan cortisol profiles in mature males, suggesting stronger support for the ACM than the BEM in wild chimpanzees. Compensatory mechanisms, such as adoption, may buffer against certain physiological effects of maternal loss in this species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cédric Girard-Buttoz
- Department of Human Behavior, Ecology and Culture, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary AnthropologyLeipzigGermany
- Taï Chimpanzee Project, Centre Suisse de Recherches ScientifiquesAbidjanCôte d'Ivoire
| | - Patrick J Tkaczynski
- Department of Human Behavior, Ecology and Culture, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary AnthropologyLeipzigGermany
- Taï Chimpanzee Project, Centre Suisse de Recherches ScientifiquesAbidjanCôte d'Ivoire
| | - Liran Samuni
- Taï Chimpanzee Project, Centre Suisse de Recherches ScientifiquesAbidjanCôte d'Ivoire
- Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary AnthropologyLeipzigGermany
- Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard UniversityCambridgeUnited States
| | - Pawel Fedurek
- Division of Psychology, University of StirlingStirlingUnited Kingdom
| | - Cristina Gomes
- Tropical Conservation Institute, Florida International UniversityMiamiUnited States
| | - Therese Löhrich
- World Wide Fund for Nature, Dzanga Sangha Protected AreasBanguiCentral African Republic
- Robert Koch Institute, Epidemiology of Highly Pathogenic MicroorganismsBerlinGermany
| | - Virgile Manin
- Department of Human Behavior, Ecology and Culture, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary AnthropologyLeipzigGermany
- Taï Chimpanzee Project, Centre Suisse de Recherches ScientifiquesAbidjanCôte d'Ivoire
| | - Anna Preis
- Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary AnthropologyLeipzigGermany
| | - Prince F Valé
- Taï Chimpanzee Project, Centre Suisse de Recherches ScientifiquesAbidjanCôte d'Ivoire
- Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary AnthropologyLeipzigGermany
- Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques en Côte d'IvoireAbidjanCôte d'Ivoire
- Unité de Formation et de Recherche Biosciences, Université Félix Houphouët BoignyAbidjanCôte d'Ivoire
| | - Tobias Deschner
- Interim Group Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary AnthropologyLeipzigGermany
| | - Roman M Wittig
- Department of Human Behavior, Ecology and Culture, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary AnthropologyLeipzigGermany
- Taï Chimpanzee Project, Centre Suisse de Recherches ScientifiquesAbidjanCôte d'Ivoire
| | - Catherine Crockford
- Department of Human Behavior, Ecology and Culture, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary AnthropologyLeipzigGermany
- Taï Chimpanzee Project, Centre Suisse de Recherches ScientifiquesAbidjanCôte d'Ivoire
- Institut des Sciences Cognitives, CNRSLyonFrance
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Lewis CR, Breitenstein RS, Henderson A, Sowards HA, Piras IS, Huentelman MJ, Doane LD, Lemery-Chalfant K. Harsh Parenting Predicts Novel HPA Receptor Gene Methylation and NR3C1 Methylation Predicts Cortisol Daily Slope in Middle Childhood. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2021; 41:783-793. [PMID: 32472381 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-020-00885-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Adverse experiences in childhood are associated with altered hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis function and negative health outcomes throughout life. It is now commonly accepted that abuse and neglect can alter epigenetic regulation of HPA genes. Accumulated evidence suggests harsh parenting practices such as spanking are also strong predictors of negative health outcomes. We predicted harsh parenting at 2.5 years old would predict HPA gene DNA methylation similarly to abuse and neglect, and cortisol output at 8.5 years old. Saliva samples were collected three times a day across 3 days to estimate cortisol diurnal slopes. Methylation was quantified using the Illumina Infinium MethylationEPIC array BeadChip (850 K) with DNA collected from buccal cells. We used principal components analysis to compute a summary statistic for CpG sites across candidate genes. The first and second components were used as outcome variables in mixed linear regression analyses with harsh parenting as a predictor variable. We found harsh parenting significantly predicted methylation of several HPA axis genes, including novel gene associations with AVPRB1, CRHR1, CRHR2, and MC2R (FDR corrected p < 0.05). Further, we found NR3C1 methylation predicted a steeper diurnal cortisol slope. Our results extend the current literature by demonstrating harsh parenting may influence DNA methylation similarly to more extreme early life experiences such as abuse and neglect. Further, we show NR3C1 methylation is associated with diurnal HPA function. Elucidating the molecular consequences of harsh parenting on health can inform best parenting practices and provide potential treatment targets for common complex disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Candace R Lewis
- Neurogenomics, Translational Genomics Research Institute, 445 N 5th St., Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA.
- Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA.
| | | | - Adrienne Henderson
- Neurogenomics, Translational Genomics Research Institute, 445 N 5th St., Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA
| | | | - Ignazio S Piras
- Neurogenomics, Translational Genomics Research Institute, 445 N 5th St., Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA
| | - Matthew J Huentelman
- Neurogenomics, Translational Genomics Research Institute, 445 N 5th St., Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA
| | - Leah D Doane
- Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Işik M, Demir M. The relationship between overactive bladder and attachment: A preliminary study. Neurourol Urodyn 2021; 40:1175-1181. [PMID: 33846996 DOI: 10.1002/nau.24675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM There are strong relationships between overactive bladder (OAB) and psychological factors. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between OAB and attachment. METHODS Patients who presented with OAB symptoms and were first diagnosed with OAB were included in the study. Patient and control groups were matched in terms of age and gender. A urological and psychiatric examination was performed on each participant. The severity of patients' OAB symptoms was assessed using the Overactive Bladder-V8 Questionnaire (OAB-v8). The characteristics of attachment patterns were evaluated using The Close Relationships Scale Revised. RESULTS The OAB and control groups included 41 and 43 participants, respectively. No significant difference was found between the two groups with regard to alcohol abuse, daily cigarette consumption, marital status, and gender. The prevalence of anxious attachment was significantly higher in the OAB group than in the control group (p < 0.001), whereas no significant difference was found with regard to avoidant attachment (p = 0.18). A significant relationship was found between the OAB-v8 score and anxious attachment in OAB patients (r = 0.50; p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that insecure attachment, especially anxious attachment is associated with OAB and the severity of OAB symptoms. More extensive and longitudinal studies can better show the relationship between attachment and OAB. Future research may focus on the possibility of causality between attachment and OAB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mesut Işik
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Yuzuncu Yil University, Van, Turkey
| | - Murat Demir
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Yuzuncu Yil University, Van, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Dominguez A, Mendoza M, Badanes L, Dmitrieva J, Watamura SE. Cortisol reactivity in preschoolers at home and child care: Effects of setting in eliciting a normative stress response by child race/ethnicity. INFANT AND CHILD DEVELOPMENT 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/icd.2225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amy Dominguez
- Department of Psychology University of Denver Denver Colorado USA
| | | | - Lisa Badanes
- Department of Psychological Sciences Metropolitan State University of Denver Denver Colorado USA
| | - Julia Dmitrieva
- Department of Psychology University of Denver Denver Colorado USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Thomas Tobin CS, Moody MD. Does Early Life Racial Discrimination Explain a Mental Health Paradox among Black Adults? J Aging Health 2021; 33:396-408. [PMID: 33530841 DOI: 10.1177/0898264320988187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: To evaluate the impact of early life racial discrimination (ELRD) on mental health among Black adults. Methods: Data were from the Nashville Stress and Health Study (n = 618). Ordinary least squares regression models examined the relationship between ELRD and adult psychological distress; logistic regression estimated the probability of past-year major depressive disorder (MDD). We also assessed whether ELRD moderated the relationship between adult discrimination and mental health. Results: Childhood (b = 1.07, SE = .51, p = .04) and adolescent ELRD (b = 1.32, SE = .42, p = .002) were associated with adult distress. Individuals who experienced childhood ERLD had 88% lower odds of adult MDD than individuals with no ELRD. Significant interactions showed that childhood and adolescent ELRD was protective against adult discrimination. Discussion: While ELRD importantly shapes distress and MDD among Black adults, patterns vary by outcome. Results indicate that adult distress and MDD develop through cumulative adversity processes that are further influenced by sensitive periods in the life course.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Courtney S Thomas Tobin
- 25808Jonathan and Karin Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Myles D Moody
- University of Alabama-Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
The Association between Neighborhood Disorder and Health: Exploring the Moderating Role of Genotype and Marriage. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18030898. [PMID: 33494231 PMCID: PMC7908190 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18030898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The present study extends prior research on the link between neighborhood disorder and health by testing an integrated model that combines various social and biological factors. Hypotheses were tested using a sample of 325 African American women from the Family and Community Health Study (FACHS). As expected, inflammatory burden was the biophysiological mechanism that mediated much of the association between neighborhood physical disorder and perceived physical health. This finding provided additional support for the view that global self-ratings of health are powerful predictors of morbidity because, in large measure, they are indicators of chronic, systemic inflammation. Further, both genetic variation and marital status served to moderate the association between neighborhood disorder and health. Finally, being married largely eliminated the probability that neighborhood disorder would combine with genetic vulnerability to increase inflammatory burden and perceived illness. Overall, the findings demonstrate the value of constructing integrated models that specify various biophysiological mechanisms that link social conditions to physical health.
Collapse
|
34
|
Abstract
The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis is sensitive to early life stress, with enduring consequences for biological stress vulnerability and health (Gunnar & Talge, 2008). Low socioeconomic status (SES) is associated with dysregulation of the stress hormone cortisol in early childhood. However, a mechanistic understanding of this association is lacking. Multidimensional assessment of both SES and cortisol is needed to characterize the intricate relations between SES and cortisol function in early childhood. We assessed parent-reported family income, parent education, occupational prestige, neighborhood risk, food insecurity, and household chaos for 12-month-old infants (N = 90) and 3.5-year-old children (N = 91). Hair cortisol concentration (HCC) was obtained from parent and child, indexing chronic biological stress, and diurnal salivary cortisol was measured in the children. Controlling for parent HCC, parent education uniquely predicted infant and child HCC and, in addition, neighborhood risk uniquely predicted infant HCC. Household chaos predicted bedtime salivary cortisol concentration (SCC) for both infants and children, and infant daily cortisol output. Food insecurity was associated with flattened cortisol slope in 3.5-year-old children. Parental sensitivity did not mediate relations between SES and cortisol. Results highlight the utility of SES measures that index unpredictable and unsafe contexts, such as neighborhood risk, food insecurity, and household chaos.
Collapse
|
35
|
Smith KE, Pollak SD. Rethinking Concepts and Categories for Understanding the Neurodevelopmental Effects of Childhood Adversity. PERSPECTIVES ON PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE 2021; 16:67-93. [PMID: 32668190 PMCID: PMC7809338 DOI: 10.1177/1745691620920725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Discovering the processes through which early adverse experiences affect children's nervous-system development, health, and behavior is critically important for developing effective interventions. However, advances in our understanding of these processes have been constrained by conceptualizations that rely on categories of adversity that are overlapping, have vague boundaries, and lack consistent biological evidence. Here, we discuss central problems in understanding the link between early-life adversity and children's brain development. We conclude by suggesting alternative formulations that hold promise for advancing knowledge about the neurobiological mechanisms through which adversity affects human development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karen E. Smith
- Department of Psychology and Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin–Madison
| | - Seth D. Pollak
- Department of Psychology and Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin–Madison
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Smith KE, Pollak SD. Early life stress and development: potential mechanisms for adverse outcomes. J Neurodev Disord 2020; 12:34. [PMID: 33327939 PMCID: PMC7745388 DOI: 10.1186/s11689-020-09337-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic and/or extreme stress in early life, often referred to as early adversity, childhood trauma, or early life stress, has been associated with a wide range of adverse effects on development. However, while early life stress has been linked to negative effects on a number of neural systems, the specific mechanisms through which early life stress influences development and individual differences in children's outcomes are still not well understood. MAIN TEXT The current paper reviews the existing literature on the neurobiological effects of early life stress and their ties to children's psychological and behavioral development. CONCLUSIONS Early life stress has persistent and pervasive effects on prefrontal-hypothalamic-amygdala and dopaminergic circuits that are at least partially mediated by alterations in hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis function. However, to date, this research has primarily utilized methods of assessment that focus solely on children's event exposures. Incorporating assessment of factors that influence children's interpretation of stressors, along with stressful events, has the potential to provide further insight into the mechanisms contributing to individual differences in neurodevelopmental effects of early life stress. This can aid in further elucidating specific mechanisms through which these neurobiological changes influence development and contribute to risk for psychopathology and health disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karen E Smith
- Department of Psychology and Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1500 S Highland Blvd, Rm 399, Madison, WI, 53705, USA.
| | - Seth D Pollak
- Department of Psychology and Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1500 S Highland Blvd, Rm 399, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
How do early socioeconomic circumstances impact inflammatory trajectories? Findings from Generation XXI. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2020; 119:104755. [PMID: 32563938 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2020.104755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between socioeconomic position and markers of inflammation in adults, including C-reactive protein (CRP), is well-established. We hypothesized that children from families of less-advantaged socioeconomic circumstances may be at higher inflammatory risk during childhood and, consequently, throughout their life course. Thus, we aimed to investigate whether early socioeconomic circumstances impact CRP trajectories using repeated measures of data from a population-based birth cohort. METHODS Data from 2510 participants of Generation XXI, a prospective Portuguese population-based birth cohort, were included in this study. Early socioeconomic circumstances comprised maternal education and occupation, paternal education and occupation, and household income at the child's birth. Venous blood samples were collected from the children at ages four, seven, and ten years, and high-sensitivity CRP (Hs-CRP) was quantified. Hs-CRP trajectories were computed using a linear mixed-model approach. RESULTS Participants from less-advantaged socioeconomic circumstances presented higher levels of Hs-CRP by age of ten years. The higher the mother´s education and disposable household income, the lower the minimum value of the log Hs-CRP observed throughout childhood. Further, the age at which that minimum log Hs-CRP value was reached occurs later, meaning that children born in more-advantaged socioeconomic circumstances had lower levels of log Hs-CRP compared with children from less-advantaged families. CONCLUSIONS Poor socioeconomic circumstances early in life are associated with increased inflammation levels throughout the first decade of life. This study demonstrates that social inequalities may impact population health beginning at very early ages.
Collapse
|
38
|
Kim AW, Adam EK, Bechayda SA, Kuzawa CW. Early life stress and HPA axis function independently predict adult depressive symptoms in metropolitan Cebu, Philippines. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2020; 173:448-462. [PMID: 32744374 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.24105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Alterations in adult hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity have increasingly been linked with early life stress and adult depression, but a limited number of studies have used longitudinal data to explore HPA axis dysregulation as an underlying mechanism driving the long-term depressive impacts of early stressors. Here we address potential long-term impacts of early life, family-based stress on depressive symptoms among young adults in a longitudinal birth cohort study begun in 1983 in the Philippines. MATERIALS AND METHODS We relate a composite measure of family-based stressors experienced between birth and adolescence to circadian dynamics in adult salivary cortisol and depressive risk measured at 21-22 years of age. Multiple regression analyses were conducted to examine the relationship between early life stress levels and risk of adult depressive symptoms, as well as the role of adult diurnal cortisol activity in this relationship. RESULTS Greater levels of early life familial stress predicted more severe depressive symptomatology at age 21-22 in a dose-response fashion (p < .0001) independent of adult diurnal cortisol patterns. Flatter diurnal cortisol slopes are directly associated with higher adult depressive symptoms, an effect mostly driven by evening cortisol levels (p = .004). When considering the cumulative effects of early life stress measures, however, exposure to more of these stressors during development is associated with even higher depressive symptoms. DISCUSSION The long-term depressive effects of early life familial stress extend to this large sample of Cebuano young adults, and early life stress and HPA axis function may shape adult depressive symptoms through independent pathways in this sample. Our findings provide further evidence that HPA axis activity is shaped by early life conditions and is associated with depressive symptoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Wooyoung Kim
- Department of Anthropology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Emma K Adam
- School of Education and Social Policy, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA.,Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Sonny A Bechayda
- Office of Population Studies, University of San Carlos, Cebu City, Philippines
| | - Christopher W Kuzawa
- Department of Anthropology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA.,Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Schafer MH, Andersson MA. Looking homeward with the life course: Early origins of adult dwelling satisfaction? ADVANCES IN LIFE COURSE RESEARCH 2020; 44:100328. [PMID: 36726247 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcr.2020.100328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 01/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The long-term influence of childhood economic and social exposures on adult health and well-being is well-known. Most childhood circumstances transpire in or near the home, yet research has largely neglected how early exposures shape people's experience of their residential context in adulthood. To help address this gap, we use retrospective longitudinal data from the Midlife Development in the United States (MIDUS) study. Drawing on a life course framework, we test the potential mediating roles of adult social, economic, and mental health processes. Results suggest that childhood parental warmth and maltreatment have an enduring influence on people's satisfaction with their adult home, while there is little indication that childhood economic conditions shape adult dwelling satisfaction. Analyses of average controlled direct effects suggest that the effects of childhood parental warmth are mediated slightly by adult socioeconomic attainment and psychological adjustment but especially by supportive family relationships during adulthood. This pattern is consistent with an attachment-based interpretation of the importance of childhood conditions for adult relationships as well as home satisfaction. Taken together, our results suggest that parent-child bonds cast a long shadow over how people experience their residential context decades later, through a diffuse, multifaceted set of intervening pathways.
Collapse
|
40
|
O’Connor TG, Willoughby MT, Moynihan JA, Messing S, Vallejo Sefair A, Carnahan J, Yin X, Caserta MT. Early childhood risk exposures and inflammation in early adolescence. Brain Behav Immun 2020; 86:22-29. [PMID: 31059804 PMCID: PMC6825880 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2019.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
There is now reliable evidence that early psychosocial stress exposures are associated with behavioral health in children; the degree to which these same kinds of stress exposures predict physical health outcomes is not yet clear. We investigated the links between economic adversity, family and caregiving stress in early childhood and several markers of immune function in early adolescence. The sample is derived from the Family Life Project, a prospective longitudinal study of at-risk families. Socio-demographic and psychosocial risks have been assessed at regular intervals since the children were first assessed at 2 months of age. When the children were early adolescents, we conducted an in-depth health assessment of a subsample of families; blood samples were collected from venipuncture for interleukin(IL)-6, Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF)-alpha, and C-reactive protein (CRP), as well as glucocorticoid resistance. Results indicated limited but reliable evidence of an association between early risk exposure and inflammation in adolescence. Specifically, caregiver depressive symptoms in early childhood predicted elevated CRP almost a decade later, and the prediction was significant after accounting for multiple covariates such as socio-economic adversity, health behaviors and body mass index. Our findings provide strong but limited evidence that early stress exposures may be associated with inflammation, suggesting one mechanism linking early stress exposure to compromised behavioral and somatic health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jan A Moynihan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester Medical Center
| | - Susan Messing
- Department of Statistics and Bioinformatics, University of Rochester Medical Center
| | | | | | - Xiajuan Yin
- Frank Porter Graham Child Development Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Mary T Caserta
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester Medical Center
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
East P, Doom J, Delker E, Blanco E, Burrows R, Correa-Burrows P, Lozoff B, Gahagan S. Childhood socioeconomic hardship, family conflict, and young adult hypertension: The Santiago Longitudinal Study. Soc Sci Med 2020; 253:112962. [PMID: 32276183 PMCID: PMC7242127 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.112962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Stress derived from socioeconomic disadvantage can be damaging to mental and physical health. This study uses longitudinal data on a large prospectively studied cohort to examine how socioeconomic hardship during childhood leads to hypertension in young adulthood by its effects on family conflict, anxiety-depression, and body mass. METHOD Data are from 1,039 participants of the Santiago Longitudinal Study who were studied in childhood (M age 10 years), adolescence (14-17 years), and young adulthood (21-26 years). As young adults, 26% had elevated blood pressure or hypertension. RESULTS Children from more economically disadvantaged families experienced higher levels of family conflict, which related to significant increases in anxiety-depression and body mass over time, both of which were directly linked to hypertension in young adulthood. CONCLUSIONS Findings provide an understanding of how early-life adversity associated with socioeconomic hardship manifests as stress-related health problems in adulthood. Intervention efforts that target overweight/obesity and anxiety and depression that stem from childhood poverty might be useful for reducing the socioeconomic disparities in adult health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia East
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Mail Code 0927, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0927, USA.
| | - Jenalee Doom
- Department of Psychology, University of Denver, 2155 S Race St, Denver, CO, 80210, USA
| | - Erin Delker
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Mail Code 0927, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0927, USA
| | - Estela Blanco
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Mail Code 0927, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0927, USA; Public Health Doctoral Program, University of Chile, Av. Independencia 939, Santiago, Chile
| | - Raquel Burrows
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Chile, El Líbano, 5524, Santiago, Chile
| | - Paulina Correa-Burrows
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Chile, El Líbano, 5524, Santiago, Chile
| | - Betsy Lozoff
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Sheila Gahagan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Mail Code 0927, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0927, USA
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Chen L, Li X, Imami L, Lin D, Zhao J, Zhao G, Zilioli S. Diurnal Cortisol in a Sample of Socioeconomically Disadvantaged Chinese Children: Evidence for the Shift-and-Persist Hypothesis. Psychosom Med 2020; 81:200-208. [PMID: 30531205 PMCID: PMC6355348 DOI: 10.1097/psy.0000000000000659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Low socioeconomic status (SES) is one of the most well-established social determinants of health. However, little is known about what can protect the health of individuals (especially children) living in low-SES circumstances. This study explored whether the psychological strategy of "shift-and-persist" protects low-SES children from stress-related physiological risks, as measured through blunted (unhealthy) diurnal cortisol profiles. METHODS A sample of 645 children (aged 8-15 years) from low-SES backgrounds and having at least one HIV-positive parent completed a battery of psychological scales. Diurnal cortisol assessments included collection of saliva samples four times a day for 3 days, from which three cortisol parameters (cortisol at awakening, cortisol awakening response, and cortisol slope) were derived. RESULTS Higher levels of shift-and-persist, considered as a single variable, were associated with higher cortisol at awakening (B = 0.0119, SE = 0.0034, p < .001) and a steeper cortisol slope (B = -0.0007, SE = 0.0003, p = .023). These associations remained significant after adjusting for covariates and did not vary by age. In supplementary analyses, where shifting and persisting were treated as separate variables, the interaction between these two coping strategies significantly predicted cortisol at awakening (B = 0.0250, SE = 0.0107, p = .020) and the cortisol slope (B = -0.0022, SE = 0.0011, p = .040), suggesting that the combination of shift-and-persist is important for predicting diurnal cortisol profiles. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate that shift-and-persist is associated with healthier diurnal cortisol profiles among socioeconomically disadvantaged children and introduce the possibility that this coping strategy is protective against other stressors, such as those uniquely faced by children in our study (i.e., being affected by parental HIV).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Chen
- Institute of Developmental Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoming Li
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Ledina Imami
- Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Danhua Lin
- Institute of Developmental Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Junfeng Zhao
- Institute of Psychology and Behavior, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - Guoxiang Zhao
- Department of Psychology, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Samuele Zilioli
- Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Ochi M, Isumi A, Kato T, Doi S, Fujiwara T. Adachi Child Health Impact of Living Difficulty (A-CHILD) Study: Research Protocol and Profiles of Participants. J Epidemiol 2020; 31:77-89. [PMID: 32201401 PMCID: PMC7738641 DOI: 10.2188/jea.je20190177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Adachi Child Health Impact of Living Difficulty (A-CHILD) study has been conducted since 2015 to clarify the associations between socioeconomic factors and child health, as well as to accumulate data for political evaluation of the child-poverty agenda. This paper describes the purpose and research design of the A-CHILD study and the baseline profiles of participants, together with the future framework for implementing this cohort study. Methods We have conducted two types of continuous survey: a complete-sample survey started in 2015 as a first wave study to target first-grade children in all public elementary schools in Adachi City, Tokyo, and a biennial fixed grade observation survey started in 2016 in selected elementary and junior high schools. Questionnaires were answered by caregivers of all targeted children and also by the children themselves for those in the fourth grade and higher. The data of A-CHILD also combined information obtained from school health checkups of all school-grade children, as well as the results from blood test and measurement of blood pressure of eight-grade children since 2016. Results The valid responses in the first wave were 4,291 (80.1%). The number of households in “living difficulties”, such as low household income or material deprivation, stood at 1,047 (24.5%). Conclusions The A-CHILD study will contribute to the clarification of the impact of poverty on children’s health disparities and paves the way to managing this issue in the community.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manami Ochi
- Department of Health and Welfare Services, National Institute of Public Health.,Department of Social Medicine, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development.,Department of Global Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - Aya Isumi
- Department of Global Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical and Dental University.,Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
| | - Tsuguhiko Kato
- Department of Social Medicine, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development
| | - Satomi Doi
- Department of Global Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - Takeo Fujiwara
- Department of Global Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Hayward LE, Vartanian LR, Kwok C, Newby JM. How might childhood adversity predict adult psychological distress? Applying the Identity Disruption Model to understanding depression and anxiety disorders. J Affect Disord 2020; 265:112-119. [PMID: 32090732 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Experiencing adversity in childhood is associated with increased risk of a range of psychopathologies, including depression and anxiety disorders. However, there is limited understanding of psychological mechanisms that may help to explain these relationships. The Identity Disruption Model proposes that early adversity can disrupt typical identity development, which may then increase one's vulnerability to psychopathology. The present study aims to apply the Identity Disruption Model to understanding symptoms of depression, generalized anxiety disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), and social anxiety. METHODS A non-clinical sample of adults from the United States (n = 382) completed an online survey assessing early adversity, self-concept clarity, intolerance of uncertainty, and depression, generalized anxiety, OCD, and social anxiety symptoms. Structural equation models: (1) tested whether early adversity predicts psychopathology via a disrupted sense of self, and (2) explored the role of intolerance of uncertainty in the relationship between early adversity and psychopathology. RESULTS Early adversity predicted more severe symptoms of depression and anxiety via lower self-concept clarity. Furthermore, a parallel mediation model showed that self-concept clarity and intolerance of uncertainty simultaneously mediated the relationship between early adversity and psychopathology. LIMITATIONS The data are cross-sectional in nature and longitudinal research is needed to more conclusively test the causal pathways. CONCLUSIONS Disrupted identity may be one mechanism through which childhood adversity predicts depression and anxiety disorder symptoms later in life. The Identity Disruption Model provides new avenues for future research and suggests potential points of early intervention for the prevention of depression and anxiety disorders.
Collapse
|
45
|
Soares S, Santos AC, Peres FS, Barros H, Fraga S. Early life socioeconomic circumstances and cardiometabolic health in childhood: Evidence from the Generation XXI cohort. Prev Med 2020; 133:106002. [PMID: 32007527 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2020.106002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Social adversity is thought to become biologically embedded during sensitive periods of development which could set children on a trajectory of increased risk for later diseases. This study estimated the association between early socioeconomic circumstances and cardiometabolic biomarkers during childhood. We analyzed data from 2962 participants in the birth cohort Generation XXI. Early socioeconomic circumstances included parental education and occupation and household income measured at the child's birth; cardiometabolic biomarkers included a set of parameters that were determined at seven and 10years old. The association between early socioeconomic circumstances and cardiometabolic biomarkers in children aged seven and 10years old was estimated using generalized estimating equations. We observed, after adjustment for birth weight, sex, five-a-day fruit and vegetable intake and sedentary activity, that children with low educated mothers presented higher body mass index z-score (β=0.22; 95%CI: 0.12, 0.33), higher waist circumference (β=1.14; 95%CI: 0.55, 1.73) and increased systolic blood pressure z-score (β=0.15; 95%CI: 0.08, 0.22) at the age of seven. At 10years, children with mothers with low education, presented higher body mass index z-score (β =0.32; 95%CI: 0.21, 0.43), higher waist circumference (β=2.79; 95%CI: 1.94, 3.64), increased diastolic blood pressure z-score (β=0.11; 95%CI: 0.06, 0.17) and increased systolic blood pressure s-score (β=0.20; 95%CI: 0.12, 0.28). When repeated measures of cardiometabolic biomarkers were taken into account, the association between socioeconomic circumstances and cardiometabolic biomarkers remained significant. Low socioeconomic circumstances have a possible detrimental effect on children's cardiometabolic health. Thus, socioeconomic adversity might impact health outcomes already in the first decade of life, emphasizing the early social patterning of cardiometabolic health and the need of social policies targeting children and families to modify or reverse its negative impact on health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Soares
- EPIUnit, Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; Departamento de Ciências da Saúde Pública e Forenses e Educação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Cristina Santos
- EPIUnit, Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; Departamento de Ciências da Saúde Pública e Forenses e Educação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Henrique Barros
- EPIUnit, Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; Departamento de Ciências da Saúde Pública e Forenses e Educação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
| | - Sílvia Fraga
- EPIUnit, Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; Departamento de Ciências da Saúde Pública e Forenses e Educação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Pearlstein JG, Staudenmaier PJ, West AE, Geraghty S, Cosgrove VE. Immune response to stress induction as a predictor of cognitive-behavioral therapy outcomes in adolescent mood disorders: A pilot study. J Psychiatr Res 2020; 120:56-63. [PMID: 31634750 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2019.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) alleviates symptoms of depression in youth with bipolar disorder (BD) and major depressive disorder (MDD). Empirical research has linked inflammatory markers to depressive symptoms and acute psychosocial stress; however, a gap remains as to whether immune response to stress may serve as a putative mechanism of treatment. This preliminary pilot study determined the modest feasibility of assessing psychobiological response to stress as a predictor of CBT outcomes for youth with mood disorders. We evaluated whether participation in a 10-session group-CBT intervention for mood disorders altered inflammatory response to a laboratory psychosocial stress induction and if this alteration in immune stress responsivity was related to a decrease in depressive symptoms. Thirty-four youth (age M = 15.03, SD = 1.91) diagnosed with BD or MDD participated in a 10-session CBT group and pre- and post-group assessments; twenty-eight participants who completed the group had usable cytokine data. Pre- and post-group assessments included stress induction with the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) during which inflammatory cytokines were measured at baseline (time 0) and after the TSST at 30, 60, and 90 min. Results suggest it is modestly feasible to measure immune response to stress alongside CBT treatment for adolescent mood disorders. Our findings were mixed; across seven cytokines, hierarchical linear models indicated two cytokines, IL6 and IL12, were sensitive to acute laboratory stress. We also found significant correlations between life stress, inflammation, and depression both pre- and post- CBT group. Inflammation pre-group, as measured by IL12 and IL1 β predicted depressive symptoms following treatment. Although we did not find significant within-subject reductions in inflammation, chronic stress predicted changes in IL β, signaling the central role of chronic stress. This study offers preliminary evidence that immune responsivity to stress induction could serve as a mechanism of treatment for mood disorders in youth, indicating a potential marker for more personalized model of healthcare.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Amy E West
- University of Southern California, United States
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Dorfman A, Oakes H, Santos HC, Grossmann I. Self-distancing promotes positive emotional change after adversity: Evidence from a micro-longitudinal field experiment. J Pers 2019; 89:132-144. [PMID: 31840248 DOI: 10.1111/jopy.12534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This research examines changes in emotionality following adverse experiences in daily life. We tested whether daily self-distancing (vs. self-immersing) in reflections on adversity results in positive change in emotionality. Additionally, we probed the "dosage" effect of repeated self-distancing. METHOD A micro-longitudinal field experiment combined 4-week daily diary and experimental manipulation of perspective during diary-based reflections on adverse experiences to explore the trajectory of change in emotionality. Each day, participants (N = 149) described and reflected on one significant event from that day and rated emotionality. We randomly assigned participants to reflect from a self-immersed or self-distanced perspective. RESULTS Self-distanced participants showed a change toward positive emotionality while maintaining the same level of negative emotionality, whereas self-immersed participants did not show changes in positive or negative emotionality. We also observed that self-distancing reached its maximum effect ("dosage") for positive emotionality in the third week of the diary. CONCLUSIONS Repeated self-distanced reflections can promote positive change in emotionality in the face of everyday adversity. Notably, repeated self-distancing effectiveness has a saturation point. In contrast, self-immersed reflections on adversity do not promote positive emotional change. Together, these observations raise the question how the default self-immersed reflection on traumatic experiences impacts personal growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Dorfman
- Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Harrison Oakes
- Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Henri C Santos
- Autism and Developmental Medicine Institute, Geisinger Health System, Lewisburg, Pennsylvania
| | - Igor Grossmann
- Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Cheng TL, Shilkofski N. Global Child Health: beyond surviving to thriving. Pediatr Res 2019; 86:683-684. [PMID: 31499512 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-019-0574-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tina L Cheng
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Nicole Shilkofski
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Komulainen K, Mittleman MA, Ruohonen S, Laitinen TT, Pahkala K, Elovainio M, Tammelin T, Kähönen M, Juonala M, Keltikangas-Järvinen L, Raitakari O, Pulkki-Råback L, Jokela M. Childhood Psychosocial Environment and Adult Cardiac Health: A Causal Mediation Approach. Am J Prev Med 2019; 57:e195-e202. [PMID: 31753272 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2019.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study used causal mediation analysis to assess the life-course associations of a favorable childhood psychosocial environment with left ventricular mass and diastolic function in adulthood and the extent to which adult health behaviors mediate these associations. METHODS The sample included 880 participants (56% women) from the Young Finns Study with data on the childhood environment from 1980, adult health behaviors (smoking, physical activity, diet, and BMI) from 2001 and an echocardiographic assessment of the left ventricular mass (g/m2.7) and diastolic function (E/e' ratio; higher values indicating a lower diastolic function) from 2011. The associations of the childhood environment with the left ventricular mass and E/e' ratio and mediation pathways through health behaviors were assessed using marginal structural models that were controlled for age, sex, and time-dependent confounding by adult socioeconomic position (measured as educational attainment) via inverse probability weighting. The data were analyzed in 2018-2019. RESULTS The mean age in 2011 was 41 (range 34-49) years. Those above versus below the median childhood score had a 1.28 g/m2.7 lower left ventricular mass (95% CI= -2.63, 0.07) and a 0.18 lower E/e' ratio (95% CI= -0.39, 0.03). There was no evidence for indirect effects from childhood environments to left ventricular outcomes through adult health behaviors after controlling for time-dependent confounding by the adult socioeconomic position (indirect effect β= -0.30, 95% CI= -1.22, 0.63 for left ventricular mass; β= -0.04, 95% CI= -0.18, 0.11 for E/e' ratio). The results after multiple imputation were similar. CONCLUSIONS A favorable childhood environment is associated with more optimal cardiac structure and function in adulthood. After accounting for socioeconomic positions, adult health behaviors explain little of the associations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaisla Komulainen
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Murray A Mittleman
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts; Cardiovascular Epidemiology Research Unit, Division of Cardiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Saku Ruohonen
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Orion Pharma, the Orion Corporation, Espoo, Finland
| | - Tomi T Laitinen
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Paavo Nurmi Centre, Sports and Exercise Medicine Unit, Department of Physical Activity and Health, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Katja Pahkala
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Paavo Nurmi Centre, Sports and Exercise Medicine Unit, Department of Physical Activity and Health, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Marko Elovainio
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tuija Tammelin
- LIKES Research Center for Physical Activity and Health, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Mika Kähönen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland; Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Markus Juonala
- Department of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Olli Raitakari
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Laura Pulkki-Råback
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Markus Jokela
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Boylan JM, Cundiff JM, Jakubowski KP, Pardini DA, Matthews KA. Pathways Linking Childhood SES and Adult Health Behaviors and Psychological Resources in Black and White Men. Ann Behav Med 2019; 52:1023-1035. [PMID: 29546291 DOI: 10.1093/abm/kay006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Exposure to low socioeconomic status (SES) in childhood predicts increased morbidity and mortality. However, little prospective evidence is available to test pathways linking low childhood SES to adult health. Purpose In the current study, indirect effects through positive parenting in adolescence and adult SES were tested in the association between childhood SES and adult health behaviors and psychological resources. Methods Men (n = 305; 53% Black) were followed longitudinally from ages 7 to 32. SES was measured annually in childhood (ages 7-9) and again in adulthood (age 32) using the Hollingshead index. Parenting was assessed annually (ages 13-16) using caregivers' and boys' self-report of supervision, communication, and expectations for their son's future. Health behaviors (cigarette and alcohol use, fruit and vegetable consumption, and physical activity) and psychological resources (optimism, purpose in life, self-mastery, and self-esteem) were assessed in adulthood (age 32). Results Structural equation modeling showed that higher childhood SES was associated with more positive parenting in adolescence and higher adult SES. Higher childhood SES was indirectly associated with healthier behaviors and higher psychological resources in adulthood through pathways involving positive parenting during adolescence and SES in adulthood. Findings were consistent in both racial groups. Conclusions Positive parenting in adolescence was an important pathway in understanding associations among childhood SES and health behaviors and psychological resources in adulthood. Low childhood SES was prospectively associated with healthier behaviors and greater psychological resources in part through more positive parenting in adolescence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jenny M Cundiff
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX
| | - Karen P Jakubowski
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Dustin A Pardini
- School of Criminology and Criminal Justice, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Karen A Matthews
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| |
Collapse
|