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Sarhan MM, Alhazmi HA. Fast food consumption and its relationship with oral health among US adults: A cross-sectional NHANES-based study. Saudi Dent J 2024; 36:728-732. [PMID: 38766299 PMCID: PMC11096624 DOI: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2024.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the link between fast-food consumption and oral health outcomes as measured by the mean number of decayed, missing due to dental disease, or filled permanent teeth (DMFT) and teeth with untreated dental caries. This study utilized data obtained from the National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey (NHANES). The data used was collected from 11,288 participants aged 20 and above from 2015 to 2018. The frequency of fast-food consumption was divided into two groups: "less than two meals over the past seven days" and "two meals or more over the past seven days." The mean number of DMFT and teeth with untreated dental caries were used to assess the participants' oral health. The link between fast-food consumption and these mean values was explored using Poisson regression analysis, in which confounding variables such as income, race, age, and sex were adjusted for. After adjusting for these variables, the results revealed that individuals who reported consuming two or more fast-food meals during the preceding seven days had higher mean numbers of DMFT and teeth with untreated dental caries compared to those who consumed less than two fast-food meals during the same period (adjusted mean ratio = 1.05; 95 % confidence interval [CI] 1.01-1.10 and mean ratio = 1.22; 95 % CI 1.01-1.47, respectively). Conclusion: This study revealed a link between poor oral health outcomes and fast-food consumption. Consequently, public health officials must focus on fast-food settings and availability of high-sugar-content items. Interventions that target fast-food outlets and what they offer may have a positive impact on oral health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed M. Sarhan
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Al- Madinah Al- Munawwarah 42353, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hesham A. Alhazmi
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 24382, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Oral Health Policy and Epidemiology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Chowdhury K, Sinha S, Kumar S, Haque M, Ahmad R. Constipation: A Pristine Universal Pediatric Health Delinquent. Cureus 2024; 16:e52551. [PMID: 38249647 PMCID: PMC10797657 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.52551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Constipation suffered by children is a global public health problem. Functional constipation (FC) brings about deteriorating effects in the children's lives who suffer from it. The risk factors for the development of constipation include the consumption of a diet low in fiber and high in calories (such as the consumption of fast food), a sedentary lifestyle with a lack of exercise, a family history of constipation, and emotional and psychological stress endured by children in their families. It is one of the most common causes of stomachaches in children. FCÂ may lead to fecal incontinence (FI), anal fissures, recurrent urinary tract infections (RUTI), and enuresis in children. Severe constipation may result in stool becoming rock-hard and inflexible in the rectum, which is clinically identified as fecal impaction. It is imperative to perform clinical evaluation and treatment, including pharmacological (the use of stimulant and osmotic laxatives) and non-pharmacological (education, changes in diet, intervention to promote positive behavior and address any emotional issues, toilet training, and physiotherapy for the pelvic floor) interventions. In the case of refractory patients, neuromodulation, the irrigation of the anal canal, and surgical management may be needed. It is essential to lead a healthy, stress-free lifestyle with plenty of exercise and a balanced diet rich in fiber (such as fruits and vegetables) so children can have regular bowel habits and thrive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kona Chowdhury
- Department of Pediatrics, Gonoshasthaya Samaj Vittik Medical College, Dhaka, BGD
| | - Susmita Sinha
- Department of Physiology, Khulna City Medical College and Hospital, Khulna, BGD
| | - Santosh Kumar
- Department of Periodontology and Implantology, Karnavati School of Dentistry, Karnavati University, Gandhinagar, IND
| | - Mainul Haque
- Karnavati Scientific Research Center (KSRC), Karnavati School of Dentistry, Karnavati University, Gandhinagar, IND
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, National Defence University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, MYS
| | - Rahnuma Ahmad
- Department of Physiology, Medical College for Women and Hospital, Dhaka, BGD
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Bankole E, Harris N, Rutherford S, Wiseman N. A systematic review of the adolescent-directed marketing strategies of transnational fast food companies in low- and middle-income countries. Obes Sci Pract 2023; 9:670-680. [PMID: 38090687 PMCID: PMC10712404 DOI: 10.1002/osp4.676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Fast food consumption is associated with excessive intake of energy-dense foods; a major determinant of childhood obesity. The lack of data on the marketing strategies used to promote fast food to adolescents in low and middle-income countries (LMICs) acts as a barrier to global efforts to reduce the marketing of unhealthy foods to young people around the world. OBJECTIVES This systematic review aimed to identify the adolescent-directed marketing strategies of transnational fast food corporations in LMICs. METHODS A systematic search of eight scientific databases (PubMed, CINAHL, Medline, Embase, ProQuest, PsycInfo, Scopus and Google Scholar) was conducted. Following PRISMA guidelines, primary research articles written in English were included if they were published between 1 January 2010 and 30 December 2022, and reported any adolescent-directed marketing activity undertaken by a transnational fast food company operating in a LMIC. Articles were excluded if they were not peer reviewed. The quality of the included articles was assessed using a condensed version of the Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research tool. RESULTS Twelve articles met the eligibility criteria and were included in this review. A narrative synthesis of these articles revealed that the most documented strategies used to promote fast food to adolescents in LMICs were the use of incentives or premium offers, product appeals, promotional characters and brand familiarity. These strategies were mostly observed on social media, suggesting that there are serious concerns about adolescent exposure to fast food via social media in developing settings, especially as contextual differences in the nature of such marketing were identified. DISCUSSION The promotion of fast food to adolescents in LMICs is contextual in nature, with the nature of marketing strategies employed by transnational fast food corporations varying greatly across cultural and socio-economic contexts. These findings are crucial for the development of guidelines and regulations restricting the marketing of fast food to adolescents in lower income settings, contributing to global efforts to reduce adolescent exposure to unhealthy food promotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elijah Bankole
- Public HealthSchool of Medicine and DentistryGriffith UniversityGold CoastQueenslandAustralia
| | - Neil Harris
- Public HealthSchool of Medicine and DentistryGriffith UniversityGold CoastQueenslandAustralia
| | - Shannon Rutherford
- Public HealthSchool of Medicine and DentistryGriffith UniversityGold CoastQueenslandAustralia
| | - Nicola Wiseman
- Public HealthSchool of Medicine and DentistryGriffith UniversityGold CoastQueenslandAustralia
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Deierlein AL, Litvak J, Liu C, Stein CR. Diet quality, diet-related factors and disability status among male adults of reproductive age in the USA. Public Health Nutr 2023; 26:1976-1985. [PMID: 37395178 PMCID: PMC10564594 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980023001222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine diet quality and diet-related factors among male adults of reproductive age with and without disabilities. DESIGN Cross-sectional data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys, 2013-2018. SETTING Disability was reported as serious difficulty hearing, seeing, concentrating, walking, dressing and/or running errands due to physical, mental or emotional conditions. Diet quality was assessed by the Healthy Eating Index (HEI)-2015 and diet-related factors included self-rated diet healthfulness, food security and food assistance programmes. Multivariable linear regression estimated differences in HEI-2015 scores. Multivariable Poisson regression estimated adjusted prevalence ratios (aPR) and 95 % CI for diet-related factors. PARTICIPANTS In total, 3249 males, 18-44 years; of whom, 441 (13·4 %) reported having disabilities. RESULTS Compared with males without disabilities, those with disabilities had a 2·69-point (95 % CI: -4·18, -1·20) lower mean total HEI-2015 score and approximately one-third to half of a point lower HEI-2015 component scores for greens and beans, total protein foods, seafood and plant proteins, fatty acids and added sugars. Males with any disabilities were more likely to have low food security (aPR = 1·57; 95 % CI: 1·28, 2·92); household participation in food assistance programmes (aPR = 1·61; 95 % CI: 1·34, 1·93) and consume fast food meals during the previous week (1-3 meals: aPR = 1·11; 95 % CI: 1·01-1·21 and 4 or more meals: aPR = 1·18; 95 % CI: 1·01-1·38) compared with males with no disabilities. CONCLUSIONS Factors affecting diet and other modifiable health behaviours among male adults of reproductive age with disabilities require further investigation. Health promotion strategies that are adaptive to diverse populations within the disability community are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jaqueline Litvak
- School of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Chang Liu
- School of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Cheryl R Stein
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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Tewahade S, Berrigan D, Slotman B, Stinchcomb DG, Sayer RD, Catenacci VA, Ostendorf DM. Impact of the built, social, and food environment on long-term weight loss within a behavioral weight loss intervention. Obes Sci Pract 2023; 9:261-273. [PMID: 37287525 PMCID: PMC10242259 DOI: 10.1002/osp4.645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Behavioral weight loss interventions can lead to an average weight loss of 5%-10% of initial body weight, however there is wide individual variability in treatment response. Although built, social, and community food environments can have potential direct and indirect influences on body weight (through their influence on physical activity and energy intake), these environmental factors are rarely considered as predictors of variation in weight loss. Objective Evaluate the association between built, social, and community food environments and changes in weight, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), and dietary intake among adults who completed an 18-month behavioral weight loss intervention. Methods Participants included 93 adults (mean ± SD; 41.5 ± 8.3 years, 34.4 ± 4.2 kg/m2, 82% female, 75% white). Environmental variables included urbanicity, walkability, crime, Neighborhood Deprivation Index (includes 13 social economic status factors), and density of convenience stores, grocery stores, and limited-service restaurants at the tract level. Linear regressions examined associations between environment and changes in body weight, waist circumference (WC), MVPA (SenseWear device), and dietary intake (3-day diet records) from baseline to 18 months. Results Grocery store density was inversely associated with change in weight (β = -0.95; p = 0.02; R 2 = 0.062) and WC (β = -1.23; p < 0.01; R 2 = 0.109). Participants living in tracts with lower walkability demonstrated lower baseline MVPA and greater increases in MVPA versus participants with higher walkability (interaction p = 0.03). Participants living in tracts with the most deprivation demonstrated greater increases in average daily steps (β = 2048.27; p = 0.02; R 2 = 0.039) versus participants with the least deprivation. Limited-service restaurant density was associated with change in % protein intake (β = 0.39; p = 0.046; R 2 = 0.051). Conclusion Environmental factors accounted for some of the variability (<11%) in response to a behavioral weight loss intervention. Grocery store density was positively associated with weight loss at 18 months. Additional studies and/or pooled analyses, encompassing greater environmental variation, are required to further evaluate whether environment contributes to weight loss variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selam Tewahade
- Department of EpidemiologyColorado School of Public HealthUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraColoradoUSA
| | - David Berrigan
- Division of Cancer Control and Population SciencesNational Cancer InstituteBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | | | | | - R. Drew Sayer
- Department of Nutrition SciencesUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAlabamaUSA
| | - Victoria A. Catenacci
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and DiabetesDepartment of MedicineUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraColoradoUSA
- Anschutz Health and Wellness CenterDepartment of MedicineUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraColoradoUSA
| | - Danielle M. Ostendorf
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and DiabetesDepartment of MedicineUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraColoradoUSA
- Anschutz Health and Wellness CenterDepartment of MedicineUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraColoradoUSA
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Consistent and changing consumption of fast-food and full-service meals and 3-year weight change in a large population cohort study. Am J Clin Nutr 2023; 117:392-401. [PMID: 36811570 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2022.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND An average American consumes 3 meals weekly from fast-food or full-service restaurants, which contain more calories, fat, sodium, and cholesterol than meals prepared at home. OBJECTIVES This study examined whether consistent and changing fast-food or full-service consumption was associated with weight change over a 3-y period. METHODS Among 98,589 US adults from the American Cancer Society's Cancer Prevention Study-3, self-reported weight and fast-food and full-service consumption from 2015 and 2018 were examined using a multivariable-adjusted linear regression analysis to assess the association of consistent and changing consumption on 3-y weight change. RESULTS Individuals who made no changes to their fast-food or full-service intake over the study period gained weight regardless of consumption frequency, although low consumers gained less weight than high consumers (low fast-food: β = -1.08; 95% CI: -1.22, -0.93; low full-service: β = -0.35; 95% CI: -0.50, -0.21; P < 0.001). Decreased fast-food intake during the study period (e.g., from high [>1 meal/wk] to low [≤0.5 meal/wk], high to medium [>0.5 to ≤1 meal/wk], or medium to low) and decreased full-service intake from high (≥1 meal/wk) to low (<1 meal/mo) were significantly associated with weight loss (high-low: β = -2.77; 95% CI: -3.23, -2.31; high-medium: β = -1.53; 95% CI: -1.72, -1.33; medium-low: β = -0.85; 95% CI: -1.06, -0.63; high-low full-service: β = -0.92; 95% CI: -1.36, -0.49; P < 0.001). Decreased consumption of both fast-food and full-service restaurant meals was associated with greater weight loss than decreasing fast-food alone (both: β = -1.65; 95% CI: -1.82, -1.37; fast-food only: β = -0.95; 95% CI: -1.12, -0.79; P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Decreased consumption of fast-food and full-service meals over 3 y, particularly among high consumers at baseline, was associated with weight loss and may be an effective approach to weight loss. Moreover, decreasing both fast-food and full-service meal consumption was associated with a greater weight loss than decreasing only fast-food meal consumption.
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Seale E, de Groh M, Greene-Finestone L. Fast food consumption in adults living in Canada: alternative measurement methods, consumption choices, and correlates. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2023; 48:163-171. [PMID: 36322952 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2022-0252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Global industries and technological advancements have contributed to the proliferation of fast food (FF) establishments and ultraprocessed food, associated with poorer diet quality and health outcomes. To investigate FF as an indicator, we compared alternative methods to capture self-reported FF consumption and examined associated socio-demographic factors. We conducted a secondary analysis of the 2014-2015 Foodbook study, a cross-sectional survey on foods consumed by Canadians during the previous week. An embedded randomized design compared alternative FF intake questions of varying details. A total of 6062 participants aged 18+ were included, representing 24.7 million Canadian adults. Approximately 48% consumed FF in the past week, and of FF consumers, average frequency was twice. Asking broadly about FF intake without examples resulted in significantly lower reported FF intake compared with the two more detailed questions; the latter two were not significantly different. Burgers, pizza, and submarines/sandwiches were most commonly consumed. Men, younger age, higher BMI, women in central Canada (versus territorial regions), and men with income $30 000-$80 000 (versus >$80 000) were associated with higher FF consumption. Consumption of FF is common among Canadians; some associated factors are gender-specific. Further research examining FF as an indicator, and individual and societal implications of FF consumption, is recommended to inform programs and policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Seale
- Centre for Surveillance and Applied Research, Public Health Agency of Canada, 785 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Margaret de Groh
- Centre for Surveillance and Applied Research, Public Health Agency of Canada, 785 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Linda Greene-Finestone
- Centre for Surveillance and Applied Research, Public Health Agency of Canada, 785 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9, Canada
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Moyeda-Carabaza AF, Githinji P, Nguyen B, Murimi M. The influence of frequent consumption of foods-away-from-home on the total diet quality and weight status among faculty and staff. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2023; 71:292-299. [PMID: 33759716 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2021.1891081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To assess the dietary quality and determine the influence of food-away-from-home (FAFH) on dietary quality and weight status among faculty and staff. Participants and methods: Faculty and staff (n = 152) from a public university completed an online Food Frequency Questionnaire. Number of FAFH consumed per week, dietary intakes, dietary quality as assessed by the Healthy Eating Index (HEI)-2015, and body mass index (BMI) were measured. Results: On average participants consumed FAFH four times per week. FAFH was associated with increased intake of trans-fats (p < 0.05) and reduced HEI scores (p < 0.01). Increased consumption of trans-fats was associated with a high BMI (p < 0.001). Conversely, an increase in the HEI-2015 score was associated with a reduction in BMI (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Results suggest that the consumption of FAFH increased the intake of trans-fats and decreased diet quality, while improvements in diet quality, as measured by the HEI-score, were associated with reduced BMI among faculty and staff.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Phrashiah Githinji
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Bong Nguyen
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Mary Murimi
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
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Bell CN, Robles B, Singleton CR, Thomas Tobin CS, Spears EC, Thorpe RJ. Association between Proximity to Food Sources and Dietary Behaviors in Black and White College Graduates. Am J Health Behav 2022; 46:515-527. [PMID: 36333832 DOI: 10.5993/ajhb.46.5.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Unequal access to healthy food environments is often implicated in racial inequities in health and behaviors that are largest among college graduates. The aim of this study was to determine associations between perceived proximity to food sources and dietary behaviors between black and white college graduates. METHODS In a cross-sectional online survey of dietary behaviors between black and white adults who have a ≥ 4-year bachelor's degree, respondents were asked how long it typically takes for them to get to grocery stores and fast-food restaurants from home. We used ordinal logit regression models to assess associations between perceived proximity to food sources and dietary behaviors. RESULTS Among black men, perceiving that a grocery store was ≥ 10 minutes from their home was associated with lower fruit consumption (beta=-0.94, SE=0.48). Perceiving that a grocery store was ≥ 10 minutes from their home was associated with more frequent fast-food consumption among black men (beta=1.21, SE=0.39), Black women (beta=0.98, SE=0.34), and white men (beta=0.74, SE=0.30). CONCLUSIONS The associations between perceived proximity to food sources and dietary behaviors differ by race and sex among college graduates with important implications for racial disparities in diet quality and obesity across SES.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caryn N Bell
- Department of Social, Behavioral, and Population Sciences, Tulane University School of Public Health & Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Brenda Robles
- Division of Chronic Disease and Injury Prevention, Los Angeles County Department of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Chelsea R Singleton
- Department of Social, Behavioral, and Population Sciences, Tulane University School of Public Health & Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Courtney S Thomas Tobin
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Erica C Spears
- Louisiana Public Health Institute, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Roland J Thorpe
- Department of Health, Behavior, and Society, and Hopkins Center for Health Disparities Solutions, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
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Food Away from Home Frequency, Diet Quality, and Health: Cross-Sectional Analysis of NHANES Data 2011-2018. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14163386. [PMID: 36014892 PMCID: PMC9414510 DOI: 10.3390/nu14163386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The consumption of meals prepared away from home (FAFH) in the U.S. has been commonly linked to overall poorer diet quality; however, less is known about the relationship with health parameters. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to assess the diet quality and health parameters of adults who reported the frequency of obtaining or eating FAFH using a combination of four 2-year cycles of National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES, 2011−2018) data. Data from 14,999 adults aged 20 to 65 years were used to examine the associations between diet and health outcomes and the weekly frequency of FAFH. Multivariable regression models were used to compare Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015) scores by FAFH frequency, adjusting for sociodemographic variables. Adults with more frequent FAFH meals were more likely to be younger, male, lower-income, and unmarried. Total HEI-2015 scores and component scores for greens and beans, total and whole fruits, whole grains, saturated fats, and added sugars were significantly lower in those consuming >2 FAFH meals/week vs. ≤2 FAFH meals/week. BMI and waist circumference tended to be higher for women having more frequent FAFH meals. More frequent FAFH meals among adults were associated with poorer diet quality and weight outcomes, building on results from earlier studies.
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Koivuniemi E, Hart K, Mazanowska N, Ruggeri S, Egan B, Censi L, Roccaldo R, Mattila L, Buonocore P, Löyttyniemi E, Raats MM, Wielgos M, Laitinen K. Food Supplement Use Differs from the Recommendations in Pregnant Women: A Multinational Survey. Nutrients 2022; 14:2909. [PMID: 35889867 PMCID: PMC9322729 DOI: 10.3390/nu14142909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim was to investigate, among pregnant women, (1) the use of food supplements and (2) the awareness of food supplement recommendations and beliefs about food supplement use in four European countries: Finland, Italy, Poland, and the United Kingdom. The participants (n = 1804) completed an online questionnaire with predefined statements. Daily intakes of vitamins and minerals were calculated using uploaded pictures or weblinks of the supplement packages. Country differences were assessed. Most participants (91%) used at least one food supplement during pregnancy. A prenatal multivitamin was the most commonly used supplement type (84% of the users), and 75% of the participants thought consumption of multivitamin is recommended. Of the participants, 81% knew that folic acid is recommended during pregnancy while 58% knew the recommendation for vitamin D. In 19% of the supplement users, the daily safe upper intake limit of at least one nutrient was exceeded. Nevertheless, most participants agreed that they knew which supplements (91%) and doses of supplements (87%) needed to be used during pregnancy. To conclude, the majority of the participants used food supplements, but lower proportions knew and adhered to the recommended intakes. Between-country differences were observed in the use and knowledge of and beliefs regarding supplements. The results suggest a need for assessment and monitoring of supplement use in antenatal care to ensure appropriate use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ella Koivuniemi
- Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland; (L.M.); (K.L.)
| | - Kathryn Hart
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Biosciences and Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK;
| | - Natalia Mazanowska
- First Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland; (N.M.); (M.W.)
| | - Stefania Ruggeri
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, 00178 Rome, Italy; (S.R.); (L.C.); (R.R.); (P.B.)
| | - Bernadette Egan
- Food, Consumer Behaviour and Health (FCBH) Research Centre, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK; (B.E.); (M.M.R.)
| | - Laura Censi
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, 00178 Rome, Italy; (S.R.); (L.C.); (R.R.); (P.B.)
| | - Romana Roccaldo
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, 00178 Rome, Italy; (S.R.); (L.C.); (R.R.); (P.B.)
| | - Lilja Mattila
- Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland; (L.M.); (K.L.)
| | - Pasquale Buonocore
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, 00178 Rome, Italy; (S.R.); (L.C.); (R.R.); (P.B.)
| | - Eliisa Löyttyniemi
- Biostatistics, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland;
| | - Monique M. Raats
- Food, Consumer Behaviour and Health (FCBH) Research Centre, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK; (B.E.); (M.M.R.)
| | - Miroslaw Wielgos
- First Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland; (N.M.); (M.W.)
| | - Kirsi Laitinen
- Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland; (L.M.); (K.L.)
- Functional Foods Forum, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Turku University Hospital, 20521 Turku, Finland
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Hoy MK, Murayi T, Moshfegh AJ. Diet quality of frequent fast-food consumers on non-fast food intake day is similar to a day with fast food. What We Eat in America, NHANES 2013-2016. J Acad Nutr Diet 2022; 122:1317-1325. [PMID: 35181511 DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2022.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Frequent fast food (FF) consumers may make more healthful food choices at eating occasions without FF. However, it is not clear if poor diet quality of frequent FF consumers is a function of FF consumption or less healthful food choices overall. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to compare diet quality, energy, and nutrient intakes of infrequent FF consumers (INFREQ) with that of frequent FF consumers on an intake day with FF (FREQ-FF) or without FF (FREQ_NO FF). DESIGN This study is a cross-sectional analysis of one day dietary intake data from What We Eat in America, NHANES 2013-2016, the dietary intake component of NHANES. PARTICIPANTS/SETTING Participants included adults 20+ years (N=4012), who, in the previous seven days, reported no consumption of FF or pizza (N=2142; INFREQ) or reported FF or pizza three or more times and either had FF/pizza (N=1455; FREQ_FF) or did not have FF/pizza (N=415; FREQ_NO FF) on the intake day. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Main outcomes were energy, nutrient density (nutrient intake/1000 kcal), and diet quality evaluated using Healthy Eating Index (HEI)-2015 STATISTICAL ANALYSES PERFORMED: Group comparisons were made using t-tests. Differences were considered significant at P<0.001. RESULTS Compared to INFREQ, FREQ_FF had higher intakes of energy and fat/1000 kcal, lower scores for total HEI and most components, and lower nutrient densities of most micronutrients (P<0.001). HEI component scores of INFREQ for vegetables, fruit, whole grains and added sugars were higher than FREQ_FF (P<0.001). Energy intake, most nutrient densities, and total HEI and component scores of FREQ_NO FF were not significantly different from FREQ_FF with the exception of fruit but were different from INFREQ for some nutrients and HEI components." CONCLUSIONS Results suggest diet quality and nutrient intake of frequent FF consumers on a non-FF intake day is not markedly different from a day with FF.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Katherine Hoy
- Nutritionist Food Surveys Research Group BHNRC-NEA-ARS-USDA 10300 Baltimore Avenue Bldg 005, Room 102, BARC-West Beltsville, MD.
| | - Theophile Murayi
- Mathematical Statistician, Food Surveys Research Group, BHNRC-NEA-ARS-USDA, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Bldg 005, Room 102, BARC-West, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350
| | - Alanna J Moshfegh
- Supervisory Nutritionist, Food Surveys Research Group, BHNRC-NEA-ARS-USDA, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Bldg 005, Room 102, BARC-West, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350
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Khatatbeh M, Momani W, Altaani Z, Al Saad R, Al Bourah AR. Fast Food Consumption, Liver Functions, and Change in Body Weight Among University Students: A Cross-Sectional Study. Int J Prev Med 2021; 12:109. [PMID: 34760120 PMCID: PMC8551780 DOI: 10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_194_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Over the past decades, the consumption of fast foods has increased worldwide and became favored by people of most age groups. The objective of this research was to assess the impact of fast foods on liver enzyme levels and body weight. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at Yarmouk University/Jordan using survey questionnaire and enquired university students about their dietary habits, in addition to laboratory investigations of liver enzymes. Results: In the cross-tabulation analysis, only age and body mass index (BMI) were significantly associated with alanine aminotransferase (ALT) enzyme level. However, all differences between aspartate aminotransferase (AST) level and other variables were statistically insignificant. The AST/ALT ratio was calculated and revealed significant statistical association with BMI of participants (P = 0.001). Change in body weight during one year was significantly associated with eating fast food (P = 0.031), drinking beverages with fast food meals (P = 0.001), and ALT level (P = 0.026). However, this association was statistically insignificant with AST level. Conclusions: Fast food consumption among university students in Jordan was not significantly associated with increasing levels of ALT and AST liver enzymes. However, eating fast food and drinking soft drinks were associated with increasing body weight, which is expected to have adverse effect on liver functions in the long term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moawiah Khatatbeh
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Waleed Momani
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Zaid Altaani
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Reem Al Saad
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Abdul Rahman Al Bourah
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan
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14
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The ontology of fast food facts: conceptualization of nutritional fast food data for consumers and semantic web applications. BMC Med Inform Decis Mak 2021; 21:275. [PMID: 34753474 PMCID: PMC8579612 DOI: 10.1186/s12911-021-01636-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Fast food with its abundance and availability to consumers may have health consequences due to the high calorie intake which is a major contributor to life threatening diseases. Providing nutritional information has some impact on consumer decisions to self regulate and promote healthier diets, and thus, government regulations have mandated the publishing of nutritional content to assist consumers, including for fast food. However, fast food nutritional information is fragmented, and we realize a benefit to collate nutritional data to synthesize knowledge for individuals. Methods We developed the ontology of fast food facts as an opportunity to standardize knowledge of fast food and link nutritional data that could be analyzed and aggregated for the information needs of consumers and experts. The ontology is based on metadata from 21 fast food establishment nutritional resources and authored in OWL2 using Protégé. Results Three evaluators reviewed the logical structure of the ontology through natural language translation of the axioms. While there is majority agreement (76.1% pairwise agreement) of the veracity of the ontology, we identified 103 out of the 430 statements that were erroneous. We revised the ontology and publicably published the initial release of the ontology. The ontology has 413 classes, 21 object properties, 13 data properties, and 494 logical axioms. Conclusion With the initial release of the ontology of fast food facts we discuss some future visions with the continued evolution of this knowledge base, and the challenges we plan to address, like the management and publication of voluminous amount of semantically linked fast food nutritional data.
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Harbers MC, Beulens JWJ, Boer JM, Karssenberg D, Mackenbach JD, Rutters F, Vaartjes I, Verschuren WMM, van der Schouw YT. Residential exposure to fast-food restaurants and its association with diet quality, overweight and obesity in the Netherlands: a cross-sectional analysis in the EPIC-NL cohort. Nutr J 2021; 20:56. [PMID: 34134701 PMCID: PMC8210363 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-021-00713-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Unhealthy food environments may contribute to unhealthy diets and risk of overweight and obesity through increased consumption of fast-food. Therefore, we aimed to study the association of relative exposure to fast-food restaurants (FFR) with overall diet quality and risk of overweight and obesity in a sample of older adults. Methods We analyzed cross-sectional data of the EPIC-NL cohort (n = 8,231). Data on relative FFR exposure was obtained through linkage of home address in 2015 with a retail outlet database. We calculated relative exposure to FFR by dividing the densities of FFR in street-network buffers of 400, 1000, and 1500 m around the home of residence by the density of all food retailers in the corresponding buffer. We calculated scores on the Dutch Healthy Diet 2015 (DHD15) index using data from a validated food-frequency questionnaire. BMI was categorized into normal weight (BMI < 25), overweight (25 ≤ BMI < 30), and obesity (BMI ≥ 30). We used multivariable linear regression (DHD15-index) and multinomial logistic regression (weight status), using quartiles of relative FFR exposure as independent variable, adjusting for lifestyle and environmental characteristics. Results Relative FFR exposure was not significantly associated with DHD15-index scores in the 400, 1000, and 1500 m buffers (βQ4vsQ1= -0.21 [95 %CI: -1.12; 0.70]; βQ4vsQ1= -0.12 [95 %CI: -1.10; 0.87]; βQ4vsQ1 = 0.37 [95 %CI: -0.67; 1.42], respectively). Relative FFR exposure was also not related to overweight in consecutive buffers (ORQ4vsQ1=1.10 [95 %CI: 0.97; 1.25]; ORQ4vsQ1=0.97 [95 %CI: 0.84; 1.11]; ORQ4vsQ1= 1.04 [95 %CI: 0.90–1.20]); estimates for obesity were similar to those of overweight. Conclusions A high proportion of FFR around the home of residence was not associated with diet quality or overweight and obesity in this large Dutch cohort of older adults. We conclude that although the food environment may be a determinant of food choice, this may not directly translate into effects on diet quality and weight status. Methodological improvements are warranted to provide more conclusive evidence. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12937-021-00713-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjolein C Harbers
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - Joline W J Beulens
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.,Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jolanda Ma Boer
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Derek Karssenberg
- Department of Physical Geography, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Joreintje D Mackenbach
- Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Upstream Team, www.upstreamteam.nl, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Femke Rutters
- Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ilonca Vaartjes
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - W M Monique Verschuren
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.,National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Yvonne T van der Schouw
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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Are neighbourhood restaurants related to frequency of restaurant meals and dietary quality? Prevalence and changes over time in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. Public Health Nutr 2021; 24:4630-4641. [PMID: 34030763 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980021002196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine whether the density of neighbourhood restaurants affected the frequency of eating restaurant meals and subsequently affected diet quality. DESIGN Cross-sectional and longitudinal designs. Structural equation models assessed the indirect relationship between restaurant density (≤3 miles (4·8 km) of participant addresses) and dietary quality (Healthy Eating Index 2010 (HEI)) via the frequency of eating restaurant meals, after adjustment for sociodemographics, select health conditions, region, residence duration and area-level income. SETTING Urbanised areas in multiple regions of the USA, years 2000-2002 and 2010-2012. PARTICIPANTS Participants aged 45-84 years were followed for 10 years (n 3567). RESULTS Median HEI (out of 100) was fifty-nine at baseline and sixty-two at follow-up. The cross-sectional analysis found that residing in areas with a high density of restaurants (highest-ranked quartile) was associated with 52 % higher odds of frequently eating restaurant meals (≥3 times/week, OR: 1·52, 95 % CI 1·18, 1·98) and 3 % higher odds of having lower dietary quality (HEI lowest quartile < 54, OR: 1·03, 95 % CI 1·01, 1·06); associations were not sustained in longitudinal analyses. The cross-sectional analysis found 34 % higher odds of having lower dietary quality for those who frequently ate at restaurants (OR: 1·34, 95 % CI 1·12, 1·61), and more restaurant meals (over time increase ≥ 1 time/week) were associated with higher odds of having worse dietary quality at follow-up (OR: 1·21, 95 % CI 1·00, 1·46). CONCLUSIONS Restaurant density was associated with frequently eating out in cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses but was associated with the lower dietary quality only in cross-sectional analyses. Frequent restaurant meals were negatively related to dietary quality. Interventions that encourage less frequent eating out may improve population dietary quality.
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Perceived Nutrition and Health Concerns: Do They Protect against Unhealthy Dietary Patterns in Polish Adults? Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13010170. [PMID: 33429889 PMCID: PMC7827032 DOI: 10.3390/nu13010170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to explore the associations between perceived health and nutrition concerns, sociodemographic characteristics and unhealthy dietary patterns in a representative group of Polish adults. The data were collected in 2017 through a cross-sectional quantitative survey under the National Health Program 2016-2020. Logistic regression models were used to analyze the data. It was found that higher health concerns decreased the chances of adhering to upper tertiles of "Fast food & alcohol" and "Refined food & sweetened beverages" dietary patterns (DPs), thus displaying less frequent consumption of such foods. No relationship was found between health concerns and adhering to the "Fat food" and "Butter" DPs. Nutrition concerns increased the likelihood of frequent consumption of foods from "Fast food & alcohol" DP. Women were less likely to adhere to unhealthy eating patterns than men, while older people were less likely to often consume fast food, alcohol, or refined food and sweetened beverages. Findings of this study showed that concerns about health or nutrition were differently associated with dietary patterns and consumption of unhealthy foods. These relationships should be considered when developing interventions to address health-related lifestyle changes. However, further research is needed to identify cause-effect relationships between these variables.
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18
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Scharadin B, Yu Y, Jaenicke EC. Household time activities, food waste, and diet quality: the impact of non-marginal changes due to COVID-19. REVIEW OF ECONOMICS OF THE HOUSEHOLD 2021; 19:399-428. [PMID: 33746659 PMCID: PMC7955697 DOI: 10.1007/s11150-021-09555-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
In early 2020, a novel coronavirus quickly spread across the globe. In response to the rapidly increasing number of confirmed U.S. cases, state and local governments suggested social distancing, issued stay-at-home orders, and restricted travel, fundamentally changing how individuals allocate time. Directly impacted time activities, such as work, eating food away from home, grocery shopping, and childcare significantly impact two food-related topics: household food waste and diet quality. In order to investigate these non-marginal time changes, we predict weekly time allocated to seven activities for households in the National Food Acquisition and Purchase Survey using information from the American Time Use Survey. Jointly estimating household production functions for food waste and diet quality, we find that time events that are related to fresh produce consumption, such as increased grocery store trips and time spent in FAH activities, are related to higher diet quality, but lower food waste. While time events that are associated with quick convenient meals, such as time spent in secondary childcare and work time, are also associated with lower food waste, these events decrease household diet quality. We then predict the level of household food waste and diet quality for three COVID-19 scenarios: one where the household head is likely able to work remotely, another where the household head is likely to lose their job, and a third, where the household head is likely to be considered an essential worker. Households without children that are likely able to work remotely are predicted to have lower levels of food waste and higher diet quality, while households without children in the other two COVID-19 scenarios are predicted to have only minor differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Scharadin
- Economics Department, Colby College, 4000 Mayflower Hill Dr, Waterville, ME USA
| | - Yang Yu
- Department of Agricultural Economics and Economics, Montana State University, 302A Linfield Hall, Bozeman, MT USA
| | - Edward C. Jaenicke
- Department of Agricultural Economics, Sociology, and Education, Pennsylvania State University, 208 Armsby, University Park, PA USA
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19
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Roberts C, Gill N, Sims S. The Influence of COVID-19 Lockdown Restrictions on Perceived Nutrition Habits in Rugby Union Players. Front Nutr 2020; 7:589737. [PMID: 33195376 PMCID: PMC7649138 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2020.589737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The global outbreak of COVID-19 has led to governments and local authorities implementing nationwide lockdowns in an attempt to encourage social distancing and minimize the spread of the virus. Only essential businesses have been able to remain open, with non-essential businesses and activities either closing or restricting services. With no group training sessions allowed, canceled matches, an inability to work and the closure of eating establishments, Rugby Union players have experienced disruption to their daily lives. Two surveys were distributed among Rugby Union athletes to explore (1) the influence of COVID-19 lockdown restrictions on Rugby Union players' nutrition and training habits and (2) how nutrition habits in New Zealand Rugby Union players change after lockdown restrictions were lifted. In total, 258 respondents completed Survey 1 (84.1% male, 26.4% professional/semi-professional). Of the respondents, 58% indicated they lived with family during lockdown. Total food intake was reported to be higher in 36% of respondents. Fruit and vegetable intake was lower (17%) and packaged/convenience food intake higher (26%) in a minority of respondents. In total, 106 respondents completed Survey 2 (84.9% male, 34.0% professional/semi-professional). Of the respondents, 72% prepared and 67% purchased their own food. Less than half of respondents consumed high-protein food more than twice daily either during or following lockdown. Compared to during lockdown, motivation to train and exercise was greater in 58% of respondents following lockdown. Dieticians and nutritionists within clubs provided most of the nutrition knowledge to athletes however other unreliable sources were identified, such as social media and family members. The ongoing pandemic has presented significant challenges for athletes concerning training and nutrition habits and the current study provides some insight into these. Coaches and performance staff should ensure athletes receive appropriate nutritional and training support whilst being aware of the unique demands the individuals' may face.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlie Roberts
- Te Huataki Waiora School of Health, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Nicholas Gill
- Te Huataki Waiora School of Health, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand.,New Zealand Rugby Union, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Stacy Sims
- Te Huataki Waiora School of Health, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand
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20
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Vizcaino M, Buman M, DesRoches T, Wharton C. From TVs to tablets: the relation between device-specific screen time and health-related behaviors and characteristics. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:1295. [PMID: 32847553 PMCID: PMC7447608 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-09410-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to examine whether extended use of a variety of screen-based devices, in addition to television, was associated with poor dietary habits and other health-related characteristics and behaviors among US adults. The recent phenomenon of binge-watching was also explored. METHODS A survey to assess screen time across multiple devices, dietary habits, sleep duration and quality, perceived stress, self-rated health, physical activity, and body mass index, was administered to a sample of US adults using the Qualtrics platform and distributed via Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk). Participants were adults 18 years of age and older, English speakers, current US residents, and owners of a television and at least one other device with a screen. Three different screen time categories (heavy, moderate, and light) were created for total screen time, and separately for screen time by type of screen, based on distribution tertiles. Kruskal-Wallis tests were conducted to examine differences in dietary habits and health-related characteristics between screen time categories. RESULTS Aggregate screen time across all devices totaled 17.5 h per day for heavy users. Heavy users reported the least healthful dietary patterns and the poorest health-related characteristics - including self-rated health - compared to moderate and light users. Moreover, unique dietary habits emerged when examining dietary patterns by type of screen separately, such that heavy users of TV and smartphone displayed the least healthful dietary patterns compared to heavy users of TV-connected devices, laptop, and tablet. Binge-watching was also significantly associated with less healthy dietary patterns, including frequency of fast-food consumption as well as eating family meals in front of a television, and perceived stress. CONCLUSIONS The present study found that poorer dietary choices, as well as other negative health-related impacts, occurred more often as the viewing time of a variety of different screen-based devices increased in a sample of US adults. Future research is needed to better understand what factors among different screen-based devices might affect health behaviors and in turn health-related outcomes. Research is also required to better understand how binge-watching behavior contributes impacts health-related behaviors and characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maricarmen Vizcaino
- Radical Simplicity Lab, College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, 550 N 3rd Street, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA
| | - Matthew Buman
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Tempe, USA
| | - Tyler DesRoches
- School of Sustainability/ School of Historical, Philosophical and Religious Studies, Arizona State University, Tempe, USA
| | - Christopher Wharton
- Radical Simplicity Lab, College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, 550 N 3rd Street, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA.
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Maternal Sleep Quality is Associated with Personal and Parenting Weight-Related Behaviors. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17155312. [PMID: 32718007 PMCID: PMC7432550 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17155312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mothers of young children tend to report poor-quality sleep, yet little is known about links between maternal sleep quality and weight-related behaviors and parenting practices. Thus, mothers of preschoolers completed an online cross-sectional survey assessing their sleep, physical activity, dietary behaviors, eating styles, child feeding practices, family meal behaviors, and health parameters. Comparisons by sleep quality using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index item (i.e., very bad/bad, n = 87; fair, n = 255; and good/very good, n = 193) revealed mothers with poor-quality sleep had weight-related behaviors associated with higher Body Mass Index (BMI) (lower physical activity, fewer fruits/vegetables, more emotional and disinhibited eating). Poor-quality sleepers also engaged in parenting practices contrary to recommendations, such as less frequent modeling of healthy eating and physical activity, more control of child feeding, and fewer family meals. Mothers reporting poor-quality sleep tended to have lower parenting self-efficacy, poorer overall health status, more days of poor mental and physical health, greater depression, more stress, and higher BMIs. Future nutrition research should establish the directionality between sleep quality and health behaviors. Future interventions should help mothers develop strategies for improving sleep quality, such as increased physical activity and fruit and vegetable intake, and helping mothers realize how their sleep quality may affect parenting practices.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To develop a questionnaire to measure food nutrition, food expenditures and time spent in food-related activities; and to assess the association between diet quality, time spent in food-related activities and food expenditures using data from a pilot study. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. Multiple linear regression models were used to analyse participants' survey response behaviours and the relationship between food nutritional quality and time and money expenditures. SETTING Online survey using Qualtrics software in a public university located in West Texas, USA. PARTICIPANTS Faculty and staff aged 18 years and older from a public university located in West Texas, USA. RESULTS Combining questions from three survey instruments that collect data on food nutrition, food expenditures and time spent in food-related activities resulted in a thirty-page survey instrument. The median completion time of the survey instrument was about 30 min. Preliminary results suggest that time and money expenditures are associated with food quality but that their role is small relative to sociodemographic characteristics such as race and gender. CONCLUSIONS Time and money expenditures are associated with food quality but their role is small relative to sociodemographic characteristics such as race and gender.
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23
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Ardekani MS, Salehi-Abargouei A, Mirzaei M, Fallahzadeh H, Nadjarzadeh A. Dietary habits in association with general and abdominal obesity in central Iran: Results from Yazd Health Study (YaHS). Diabetes Metab Syndr 2019; 13:2727-2732. [PMID: 31405700 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2018.11.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/11/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Findings from few studies that investigated the relation between dietary habits and obesity are inconsistent so we aimed to assess the association between dietary habits with general and abdominal obesity in central Iran. METHODS This study has been conducted on 8652 adults aged 20-70 years participated in Yazd Health Study (YAHS). Data regarding dietary habits, socio-demographic characteristics and history of chronic illnesses were collected via questionnaire. Anthropometric parameters were measured using a scale and body analyzer. Odds ratio of obesity were assessed using a Binary Logistic Regression test. RESULTS Study participants consisted of 49.6% men and 50.4% women. The prevalence of general and abdominal obesity in this population was 25.9 and 45.3%, respectively. Our analysis revealed that subjects who drank carbonated drinks ≥3 times/week had significantly higher odds of general and abdominal obesity compared to participants never did so (OR 1.89; 95%CI: 1.37-2.61, OR 1.11; 95%CI: 1.50-2.04) and those ate fast food more than 4 times a month had higher odds of abdominal obesity (OR 1.51; 95%CI: 1.12-2.03). The results also pointed that intake of low fat dairy products was inversely associated with general obesity (OR 0.79; 95% CI 0.63-0.98) and abdominal obesity (OR 0.66; 95% CI 0.54-0.82) when compared with full fat dairy products. CONCLUSION Carbonated drinks and fast food intake were positively associated with general/abdominal obesity, whereas low fat dairy products intake was inversely associated. Future cohort studies in this under-studied area are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Saeida Ardekani
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran; International Campus, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Amin Salehi-Abargouei
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran; Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Masoud Mirzaei
- Yazd Cardiovascular Research Centre, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Hossein Fallahzadeh
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Research Center of Prevention and Epidemiology of Non-communicable Disease, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Azadeh Nadjarzadeh
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran; Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
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Grunseit AC, Cook AS, Conti J, Gwizd M, Allman-Farinelli M. "Doing a good thing for myself": a qualitative study of young adults' strategies for reducing takeaway food consumption. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:525. [PMID: 31064366 PMCID: PMC6505251 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-6731-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/31/2019] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasingly the population is eating meals and snacks prepared outside the home, especially younger adults. Takeaway foods can be energy-dense, high in saturated fat and sodium, and deleterious to health. Extending studies examining the barriers to healthy eating, this paper explores strategies employed by young adults who report reducing consumption of unhealthy takeaway foods. METHODS Young adults aged 18 to 35 years in paid employment were recruited to participate in eight semi-structured focus groups. In response to initial findings, recruitment for the final four groups refocused on participants who either wanted, were in the process of, or had changed their takeaway food habits. Focus group recordings were transcribed verbatim and coded by two researchers for recurrent themes using an inductive method. RESULTS Forty-eight participants with a mean BMI of 23.4 kg/m2 and mean age of 25 years took part, of which 34 were female, and 27 were born outside Australia. Four broad strategies emerged: altering cognitions about consumption/reduction of takeaway food; practical changes to behaviours; finding external support; and, reconfiguring social events. In detail, participants cognitively recast takeaway food consumption as negative (expensive and unhealthy) and reducing consumption of such foods or consuming healthy alternatives as a (positive) self-care action. Setting goals and making personal rules around consumption, and consciously making practical changes, such as planning for food shopping, were other strategies. Externally derived support including supportive food environments and friends and family passively reduced exposure to unhealthy takeaway food. Finally, some participants actively created social environments supportive of healthy choices. CONCLUSIONS Our participants reported strategies they believed led to them successfully reduce their takeaway food consumption by matching the attractions (e.g., convenience) and countering apparent disincentives for reducing consumption (e.g., losing a reward) of takeaway food. They reported eschewing more short-term rewards and costs, to prioritise their health, believing that avoiding these foods would benefit them personally and financially. The identified strategies are consistent with documented techniques for successful behaviour change and corresponded to all levels in the social-ecological model from intrapersonal factors to public policy. The findings could underpin health promotion strategies to support this at-risk group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne C Grunseit
- Sydney School of Public Health, University of Sydney Prevention Research Collaboration, Sydney, Australia
| | - Amelia S Cook
- School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Janet Conti
- School of Social Sciences and Psychology, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Melissa Gwizd
- Sydney School of Public Health, University of Sydney Prevention Research Collaboration, Sydney, Australia
| | - Margaret Allman-Farinelli
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Sydney, Australia
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Okayama T, Watanabe H. Association between taste perception, nutrient intake, and mental health in young Japanese women. Nutr Res Pract 2019; 13:41-46. [PMID: 30788055 PMCID: PMC6369110 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2019.13.1.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Taste perception is influenced by both nutritional factors and psychological factors. This study was undertaken to measure the 4 basic taste perceptions, nutrient intake, and mental health, and to examine the factors that affect insensitive taste perception in young Japanese women. SUBJECTS/METHODS Young women in their late teens and twenties were enrolled as subjects. Taste perception was measured by applying the filter-paper disc method over areas of the chorda tympani nerve. Nutritional status was evaluated using brief, self-administered diet history questionnaires. The index of nutritional status was based on the 2015 Japanese dietary reference intakes. Mental health was assessed using the Japanese translation of the Profile of Mood States short version. This study was approved by the ethical committee at Osaka University. RESULTS The normal taste perception group (four basic tastes [sweet, salty, sour, and bitter] identified as normal taste perception) comprised 55.4% of the subjects, while the abnormal taste perception group (more than 1 abnormal taste perception was perceived, regardless of flavor) comprised 44.6% of the subjects. There were no significant differences in nutrient intake (except manganese) and mental health between the normal and abnormal taste perception groups. Subjects who took 5 mg to less than 7.1 mg zinc per day were at significantly decreased risk of insensitive taste perception compared to subjects who consumed less than 5 mg zinc per day [Regression coefficient 0.831, 95% confidence interval 0.694-0.996]. CONCLUSION The present results suggest that insensitive taste perception could be associated with zinc deficiency in young women in their late teens and twenties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Okayama
- Department of Children and Women's Health, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroko Watanabe
- Department of Children and Women's Health, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
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Differences in nutrient and energy contents of commonly consumed dishes prepared in restaurants v. at home in Hunan Province, China. Public Health Nutr 2018; 21:1307-1318. [PMID: 29306339 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980017003779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Eating away from home is associated with poor diet quality, in part due to less healthy food choices and larger portions. However, few studies account for the potential additional contribution of differences in food composition between restaurant- and home-prepared dishes. The present study aimed to investigate differences in nutrients of dishes prepared in restaurants v. at home. DESIGN Eight commonly consumed dishes were collected in twenty of each of the following types of locations: small and large restaurants, and urban and rural households. In addition, two fast-food items were collected from ten KFC, McDonald's and food stalls. Five samples per dish were randomly pooled from every location. Nutrients were analysed and energy was calculated in composite samples. Differences in nutrients of dishes by preparation location were determined. SETTING Hunan Province, China. SUBJECTS Na, K, protein, total fat, fatty acids, carbohydrate and energy in dishes. RESULTS On average, both the absolute and relative fat contents, SFA and Na:K ratio were higher in dishes prepared in restaurants than households (P < 0·05). Protein was 15 % higher in animal food-based dishes prepared in households than restaurants (P<0·05). Quantile regression models found that, at the 90th quantile, restaurant preparation was consistently negatively associated with protein and positively associated with the percentage of energy from fat in all dishes. Moreover, restaurant preparation also positively influenced the SFA content in dishes, except at the highest quantiles. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that compared with home preparation, dishes prepared in restaurants in China may differ in concentrations of total fat, SFA, protein and Na:K ratio, which may further contribute, beyond food choices, to less healthy nutrient intakes linked to eating away from home.
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Goffe L, Rushton S, White M, Adamson A, Adams J. Relationship between mean daily energy intake and frequency of consumption of out-of-home meals in the UK National Diet and Nutrition Survey. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2017; 14:131. [PMID: 28938893 PMCID: PMC5610411 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-017-0589-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Out-of-home meals have been characterised as delivering excessively large portions that can lead to high energy intake. Regular consumption is linked to weight gain and diet related diseases. Consumption of out-of-home meals is associated with socio-demographic and anthropometric factors, but the relationship between habitual consumption of such meals and mean daily energy intake has not been studied in both adults and children in the UK. METHODS We analysed adult and child data from waves 1-4 of the UK National Diet and Nutrition Survey using generalized linear modelling. We investigated whether individuals who report a higher habitual consumption of meals out in a restaurant or café, or takeaway meals at home had a higher mean daily energy intake, as estimated by a four-day food diary, whilst adjusting for key socio-demographic and anthropometric variables. RESULTS Adults who ate meals out at least weekly had a higher mean daily energy intake consuming 75-104 kcal more per day than those who ate these meals rarely. The equivalent figures for takeaway meals at home were 63-87 kcal. There was no association between energy intake and frequency of consumption of meals out in children. Children who ate takeaway meals at home at least weekly consumed 55-168 kcal more per day than those who ate these meals rarely. Additionally, in children, there was an interaction with socio-economic position, where greater frequency of consumption of takeaway meals was associated with higher mean daily energy intake in those from less affluent households than those from more affluent households. CONCLUSIONS Higher habitual consumption of out-of-home meals is associated with greater mean daily energy intake in the UK. More frequent takeaway meal consumption in adults and children is associated with greater daily energy intake and this effect is greater in children from less affluent households. Interventions seeking to reduce energy content through reformulation or reduction of portion sizes in restaurants, cafés and takeaways could potentially lead to reductions in mean daily energy intake, and may reduce inequalities in health in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Goffe
- Institute of Health & Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
- Fuse – UKCRC Centre for Translational Research in Public Health, Newcastle, UK
| | - Stephen Rushton
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
| | - Martin White
- Institute of Health & Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
- Centre for Diet and Activity Research, (CEDAR), MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ashley Adamson
- Institute of Health & Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
- Fuse – UKCRC Centre for Translational Research in Public Health, Newcastle, UK
| | - Jean Adams
- Centre for Diet and Activity Research, (CEDAR), MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Macchi R, MacKew L, Davis C. Is decision-making ability related to food choice and facets of eating behaviour in adolescents? Appetite 2017; 116:442-455. [PMID: 28536057 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2017.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Revised: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To test the prediction that poor decision-making would predict poor eating-related behaviours, which in turn would relate to elevated body mass index (BMI) percentile. METHODS Associations among decision-making ability, eating behaviours, and BMI percentile were examined in a sample of 311 healthy male and female adolescents, aged 14-18 years. Structural equation modelling was used to test the proposed relationships. RESULTS The predicted model was a good fit to the data and all paths between latent and indicator variables were significant. Impulsive responding significantly predicted poor food choice and overeating. No significant relationships emerged between eating-related variables and BMI percentile. CONCLUSIONS Findings from this study extend the existing research in adults and offer a more comprehensive understanding of factors that may contribute to eating behaviours and weight status in teenagers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosemarie Macchi
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Laura MacKew
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Caroline Davis
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Heerman WJ, Jackson N, Hargreaves M, Mulvaney SA, Schlundt D, Wallston KA, Rothman RL. Clusters of Healthy and Unhealthy Eating Behaviors Are Associated With Body Mass Index Among Adults. JOURNAL OF NUTRITION EDUCATION AND BEHAVIOR 2017; 49:415-421.e1. [PMID: 28363804 PMCID: PMC5747265 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneb.2017.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify eating styles from 6 eating behaviors and test their association with body mass index (BMI) among adults. DESIGN Cross-sectional analysis of self-report survey data. SETTING Twelve primary care and specialty clinics in 5 states. PARTICIPANTS Of 11,776 adult patients who consented to participate, 9,977 completed survey questions. VARIABLES MEASURED Frequency of eating healthy food, frequency of eating unhealthy food, breakfast frequency, frequency of snacking, overall diet quality, and problem eating behaviors. The primary dependent variable was BMI, calculated from self-reported height and weight data. ANALYSIS k-Means cluster analysis of eating behaviors was used to determine eating styles. A categorical variable representing each eating style cluster was entered in a multivariate linear regression predicting BMI, controlling for covariates. RESULTS Four eating styles were identified and defined by healthy vs unhealthy diet patterns and engagement in problem eating behaviors. Each group had significantly higher average BMI than the healthy eating style: healthy with problem eating behaviors (β = 1.9; P < .001), unhealthy (β = 2.5; P < .001), and unhealthy with problem eating behaviors (β = 5.1; P < .001). CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Future attempts to improve eating styles should address not only the consumption of healthy foods but also snacking behaviors and the emotional component of eating.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J Heerman
- General Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Department of Internal Medicine and Public Health, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN; Center for Health Services Research, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN.
| | - Natalie Jackson
- Department of Internal Medicine and Public Health, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN; Center for Health Services Research, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | | | - Shelagh A Mulvaney
- Department of Internal Medicine and Public Health, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN; School of Nursing, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN; Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - David Schlundt
- Center for Health Services Research, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | | | - Russell L Rothman
- Department of Internal Medicine and Public Health, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN; Center for Health Services Research, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
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Wibisono C, Probst Y, Neale E, Tapsell L. Changes in diet quality during a 12Â month weight loss randomised controlled trial. BMC Nutr 2017; 3:38. [PMID: 32153818 PMCID: PMC7050806 DOI: 10.1186/s40795-017-0157-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Reductions in energy intake are seen in weight loss trials, but whether this occurs with improvements to diet quality (DQ) is less established. The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in diet quality in a sample of volunteers in a weight loss trial. Methods This was a secondary analysis of dietary data from a lifestyle intervention trial (the HealthTrack study) which advised on dietary guidelines. The trial ran for 12 months with three treatment groups: control (general advice C), intervention (individualised advice, I), and intervention plus a supplement of walnuts (IW). Both the published a priori diet quality score (APDQS, maximum score 164) and a study specific Diet Quality Tracker (DQT, maximum score 44) indicated compliance to dietary advice. DQ scores calculated at 0, 3months and 12months were evaluated using two-way RMANOVA, one-way ANOVA and one-way RMANOVA. Changes in intakes of food groups and nutrients were analysed using Kruskal-Wallis and Friedman’s tests. Results There were no differences between groups at baseline, but at 3months IW recorded higher DQ scores (APDQS:96 ± 10; DQT:22 ± 5, P < 1 × 10−3 for both) compared to I (APDQS:91 ± 13, P < 1 × 10−3; DQT:21 ± 4, P < 1 × 10−2) and C (APDQS:87 ± 12, P < 5 × 10−2; DQT:19 ± 4, P > 5 × 10−2), and a higher consumption of nuts at 3 months (P < 1 × 10−3), and 12months (P < 1 × 10−2). All groups reported decreased intakes of discretionary foods/beverages assessed by the DQT (P < 1 × 10−3 for IW and I; P < 1 × 10−2 for C). The APDQS showed this as reduced intakes of grain based desserts (P < 1 × 10−3 at 3 and 12months), and salty snacks at 12months (P < 1 × 10−3 for IW and I; P < 5 × 10−2 for C). Intakes of monounsaturated and saturated fatty acids were lowest, and polyunsaturated fatty acids highest for IW (P < 1 × 10−3), resulting in a higher dietary polyunsaturated:saturated fat ratio (P < 1 × 10−3). Conclusions Lifestyle intervention addressing dietary guidelines can lead to significant reductions in consumption of discretionary foods and saturated fat, but individualised advice may have a greater impact on improving overall DQ regardless of DQI used. Providing a healthy food supplement may help assure higher DQ and where the food is walnuts, produce commensurate differences in dietary fatty acid profiles. Trial registration ANZCTRN 12614000581662. Date of registration: 30th May 2014. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40795-017-0157-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinthya Wibisono
- 1School of Medicine, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522 Australia
| | - Yasmine Probst
- 1School of Medicine, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522 Australia.,2Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522 Australia
| | - Elizabeth Neale
- 1School of Medicine, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522 Australia.,2Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522 Australia
| | - Linda Tapsell
- 1School of Medicine, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522 Australia.,2Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522 Australia
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Gomes FDS, Silva GAE, Castro IRRD. Aquisição domiciliar de refrigerantes e de biscoitos reduz o efeito de uma intervenção de promoção de frutas e hortaliças. CAD SAUDE PUBLICA 2017; 33:e00023316. [DOI: 10.1590/0102-311x00023316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Resumo: O presente estudo examina a influência do aumento da disponibilidade intradomiciliar de refrigerantes e biscoitos sobre os efeitos de uma intervenção de promoção do consumo de frutas e hortaliças. Foram analisados os dados de 70 famÃlias que viviam em comunidades de baixa renda na cidade do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, que foram selecionadas por meio de uma amostra probabilÃstica estratificada e completaram registro alimentar de 30 dias antes e depois da intervenção. A intervenção contribuiu para um aumento significativo na disponibilidade intradomiciliar de frutas e hortaliças (+2,7 p.p.; IC95%: 1,5; 4,0), superando a tendência de estagnação na população brasileira. Já a aquisição de refrigerantes e biscoitos, que não foi objeto da intervenção, acompanhou a tendência crescente de consumo destes produtos (+5,8 p.p.; IC95%: 3,3; 8,4). As famÃlias que aumentaram a aquisição de refrigerantes e biscoitos apresentaram menores aumentos, ou decréscimos, na aquisição de frutas e hortaliças (p < 0,05) e tiveram uma chance quase quatro vezes menor de experimentar algum aumento na disponibilidade intradomiciliar de frutas e hortaliças.
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Bahadoran Z, Mirmiran P, Azizi F. Fast Food Pattern and Cardiometabolic Disorders: A Review of Current Studies. Health Promot Perspect 2016; 5:231-40. [PMID: 26933642 PMCID: PMC4772793 DOI: 10.15171/hpp.2015.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background:
There are growing concern globally regarding the alarming trend of fast food consumption and its related cardiometabolic outcomes including overweight and obesity. This study aimed to review the current evidences available in relation to adverse effects of fast food pattern on cardiometaÂbolic risk factors.
Methods:
Relevant articles including epidemiological and clinical studies with appropriate design and good quality were obtained through searches of the Medline, PubMed, Scopus databases and Google scholar with related key words including "fast foods", "processed foods", "obesity", "overweight", "insulin resistance", "diabetes", "cardiovascular disease", "metabolic syndrome", "dyslipidemia" and "hypertension".
Results:
Fast food consumption and out-of-home eating behavior is a main risk factor for lower diet quality, higher calorie and fat intake and lower micronutrients density of diet. Frequent consumption of fast foods was accompanied with overweight and abdominal fat gain, impaired insulin and glucose homeostasis, lipid and lipoprotein disorders, induction of systemic inflammation and oxidative stress. Higher fast food consumption also increases the risk of developmental diabetes, metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease.
Conclusion:
This review provides further evidence warning us against the irreparable effects of fast food consumption on public health especially the increasing global burden of obesity and cardiovascuÂlar diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Bahadoran
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parvin Mirmiran
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fereidoun Azizi
- Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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