1
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Hůnová I. Challenges in moving towards fog's contribution to spatial patterns of atmospheric deposition fluxes on a national scale. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 946:174208. [PMID: 38909791 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Fog is an important environmental phenomenon affecting, among other things, geochemical cycles via atmospheric deposition pathways. It is generally accepted that fog contributes substantially to atmospheric deposition fluxes especially in mountain forests. Nevertheless, due to intrinsic constraints, fog pathway has thus far been neglected in the quantification of atmospheric deposition and fog pathway has not been accounted for in nation-wide spatial patterns of atmospheric deposition of air pollutants. In this review we explore the causes as to why it is so complex to create a spatial pattern of fog contribution to atmospheric ion deposition fluxes on a national scale. Physical and chemical principles of fog formation are presented and factors influencing the abrupt temporal and spatial changes in both fog occurrence and fog chemistry are elucidated. The focus is on both constituents essential for fog deposition flux quantification, i.e. (i) hydrological input on fog water and (ii) chemistry of fog water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iva Hůnová
- Czech Hydrometeorological Institute, Na Sabatce 17, 143 06 Prague 4 - Komorany, Czech Republic; Institute for Environmental Studies, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Benatska 2, 12800 Prague 2, Czech Republic.
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2
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Gong K, Xie X, Ying Q, Hu J. Seasonal quantification of the inter-city transport of PM 2.5 in the Yangtze River Delta region of China based on a source-oriented chemical transport model and the Michaelis-Menten equation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 945:173856. [PMID: 38871315 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Regional transport plays a crucial role in the pollution of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) over the Yangtze River Delta region (YRD). A practical joint regional emission control strategy requires quantitative assessment of the contribution of regional transport. In this study, the contribution of inter-city transport to PM2.5 among the 41 cities in the YRD region were quantitatively estimated using a source-oriented chemical transport model, and then the relationship between the cumulative contribution of regional transport and the distance was examined using the Michaelis-Menten equation. The results show that the Michaelis-Menten equation is suitable to represent the relationship between the cumulative contribution and transport distance. The coefficient of determination (r2) of the fittings is greater than 0.9 in 71 % of the cases in the six subregions and four seasons in YRD. Two key parameters in the Michaelis-Menten eq. K1, indicating the maximum contribution of regional transport, and K2, indicating the distance to which the regional transport contribution reach half the maximum contribution, show substantial regional and seasonal variations. The average K1 is 73.6 %, with lower values observed in the northern part of the YRD and higher values in central Jiangsu. K2 is larger in northern Jiangsu, as well as central and southern Zhejiang. The local contribution in autumn and winter is lower than that in spring and summer in the northern part of the YRD. Particularly in northern Jiangsu, the local contribution reaches 90.4 % in summer but drops to 53.0 % in autumn and winter, illustrating significant impacts of regional transport to PM2.5 in autumn and winter in this area. K2 is larger on polluted days, compared to clean days, indicating greater contributions from regional transport to PM2.5 in YRD. The results can serve as a scientific foundation for implementing regional joint prevention and control measures in the YRD region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangjia Gong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Xiaodong Xie
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Qi Ying
- Zachry Department of Civil Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Jianlin Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China.
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3
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Pfannerstill EY, Arata C, Zhu Q, Schulze BC, Ward R, Woods R, Harkins C, Schwantes RH, Seinfeld JH, Bucholtz A, Cohen RC, Goldstein AH. Temperature-dependent emissions dominate aerosol and ozone formation in Los Angeles. Science 2024; 384:1324-1329. [PMID: 38900887 DOI: 10.1126/science.adg8204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Despite declines in transportation emissions, urban North America and Europe still face unhealthy air pollution levels. This has challenged conventional understanding of the sources of their volatile organic compound (VOC) precursors. Using airborne flux measurements to map emissions of a wide range of VOCs, we demonstrate that biogenic terpenoid emissions contribute ~60% of emitted VOC OH reactivity, ozone, and secondary organic aerosol formation potential in summertime Los Angeles and that this contribution strongly increases with temperature. This implies that control of nitrogen oxides is key to reducing ozone formation in Los Angeles. We also show some anthropogenic VOC emissions increase with temperature, which is an effect not represented in current inventories. Air pollution mitigation efforts must consider that climate warming will strongly change emission amounts and composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Y Pfannerstill
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Caleb Arata
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Qindan Zhu
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
- NOAA Chemical Sciences Laboratory, Boulder, CO, USA
| | | | - Ryan Ward
- NOAA Chemical Sciences Laboratory, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Roy Woods
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Colin Harkins
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
- Department of Meteorology, Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Anthony Bucholtz
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Ronald C Cohen
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Allen H Goldstein
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
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4
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Anglada JM, Martins-Costa MTC, Francisco JS, Ruiz-López MF. Triplet State Radical Chemistry: Significance of the Reaction of 3SO 2 with HCOOH and HNO 3. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:14297-14306. [PMID: 38722613 PMCID: PMC11117184 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c03938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
The triplet excited states of sulfur dioxide can be accessed in the UV region and have a lifetime large enough that they can react with atmospheric trace gases. In this work, we report high level ab initio calculations for the reaction of the a3B1 and b3A2 excited states of SO2 with weak and strong acidic species such as HCOOH and HNO3, aimed to extend the chemistry reported in previous studies with nonacidic H atoms (water and alkanes). The reactions investigated in this work are very versatile and follow different kinds of mechanisms, namely, proton-coupled electron transfer (pcet) and conventional hydrogen atom transfer (hat) mechanisms. The study provides new insights into a general and very important class of excited-state-promoted reactions, opening up interesting chemical perspectives for technological applications of photoinduced H-transfer reactions. It also reveals that atmospheric triplet chemistry is more significant than previously thought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josep M. Anglada
- Departament
de Química Biològica (IQAC − CSIC), c/Jordi Girona 18, Barcelona E-08034, Spain
| | - Marilia T. C. Martins-Costa
- Laboratoire
de Physique et Chimie Théoriques, UMR CNRS 7019, University of Lorraine, CNRS, BP 70239, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy 54506, France
| | - Joseph S. Francisco
- Department
of Earth and Environmental Science and Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6316, United States
| | - Manuel F. Ruiz-López
- Laboratoire
de Physique et Chimie Théoriques, UMR CNRS 7019, University of Lorraine, CNRS, BP 70239, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy 54506, France
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5
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Perraud V, Blake DR, Wingen LM, Barletta B, Bauer PS, Campos J, Ezell MJ, Guenther A, Johnson KN, Lee M, Meinardi S, Patterson J, Saltzman ES, Thomas AE, Smith JN, Finlayson-Pitts BJ. Unrecognized volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds from brake wear. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2024; 26:928-941. [PMID: 38635247 DOI: 10.1039/d4em00024b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Motor vehicles are among the major sources of pollutants and greenhouse gases in urban areas and a transition to "zero emission vehicles" is underway worldwide. However, emissions associated with brake and tire wear will remain. We show here that previously unrecognized volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds, which have a similarity to biomass burning emissions are emitted during braking. These include greenhouse gases or, these classified as Hazardous Air Pollutants, as well as nitrogen-containing organics, nitrogen oxides and ammonia. The distribution and reactivity of these gaseous emissions are such that they can react in air to form ozone and other secondary pollutants with adverse health and climate consequences. Some of the compounds may prove to be unique markers of brake emissions. At higher temperatures, nucleation and growth of nanoparticles is also observed. Regions with high traffic, which are often disadvantaged communities, as well as commuters can be impacted by these emissions even after combustion-powered vehicles are phased out.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Perraud
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
| | - D R Blake
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
| | - L M Wingen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
| | - B Barletta
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
| | - P S Bauer
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
| | - J Campos
- Department of Earth System Science, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - M J Ezell
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
| | - A Guenther
- Department of Earth System Science, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - K N Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
| | - M Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
| | - S Meinardi
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
| | - J Patterson
- Department of Earth System Science, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - E S Saltzman
- Department of Earth System Science, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - A E Thomas
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
| | - J N Smith
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
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6
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Beig G, Anand V, Korhale N, Sobhana SB, Harshitha KM, Kripalani RH. Triple dip La-Nina, unorthodox circulation and unusual spin in air quality of India. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 920:170963. [PMID: 38367732 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
The recent La-Nina phase of the El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon unusually lasted for third consecutive year, has disturbed global weather and linked to Indian monsoon. However, our understanding on the linkages of such changes to regional air quality is poor. We hereby provide a mechanism that beyond just influencing the meteorology, the interactions between the ocean and the atmosphere during the retreating phase of the La-Niña produced secondary results that significantly influenced the normal distribution of air quality over India through disturbed large-scale wind patterns. The winter of 2022-23 that coincided with retreating phase of the unprecedented triple dip La-Niña, was marred by a mysterious trend in air quality in different climatological regions of India, not observed in recent decades. The unusually worst air quality over South-Western India, whereas relatively cleaner air over the highly polluted North India, where levels of most toxic pollutant (PM2.5) deviating up to about ±30 % from earlier years. The dominance of higher northerly wind in the transport level forces influx and relatively slower winds near the surface, trapping pollutants in peninsular India, thereby notably increasing PM2.5 concentration. In contrast, too feeble western disturbances, and unique wind patterns with the absence of rain and clouds and faster ventilation led to a significant improvement in air quality in the North. The observed findings are validated by the chemical-transport model when forced with the climatology of the previous year. The novelty of present research is that it provides an association of air quality with climate change. We demonstrate that the modulated large-scale wind patterns linked to climatic changes may have far-reaching consequences even at a local scale leading to unusual changes in the distribution of air pollutants, suggesting ever-stringent emission control actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gufran Beig
- National Institute of Advanced Studies, Indian Institute of Science Campus, Bengaluru 560012, India.
| | - V Anand
- Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, Pune, Ministry of Earth Sciences (MoES), India
| | - N Korhale
- Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, Pune, Ministry of Earth Sciences (MoES), India
| | - S B Sobhana
- Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, New Delhi, India
| | - K M Harshitha
- National Institute of Advanced Studies, Indian Institute of Science Campus, Bengaluru 560012, India
| | - R H Kripalani
- Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, Pune, Ministry of Earth Sciences (MoES), India
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7
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Yatoo AM, Hamid B, Sheikh TA, Ali S, Bhat SA, Ramola S, Ali MN, Baba ZA, Kumar S. Global perspective of municipal solid waste and landfill leachate: generation, composition, eco-toxicity, and sustainable management strategies. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:23363-23392. [PMID: 38443532 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32669-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Globally, more than 2 billion tonnes of municipal solid waste (MSW) are generated each year, with that amount anticipated to reach around 3.5 billion tonnes by 2050. On a worldwide scale, food and green waste contribute the major proportion of MSW, which accounts for 44% of global waste, followed by recycling waste (38%), which includes plastic, glass, cardboard, and paper, and 18% of other materials. Population growth, urbanization, and industrial expansion are the principal drivers of the ever-increasing production of MSW across the world. Among the different practices employed for the management of waste, landfill disposal has been the most popular and easiest method across the world. Waste management practices differ significantly depending on the income level. In high-income nations, only 2% of waste is dumped, whereas in low-income nations, approximately 93% of waste is burned or dumped. However, the unscientific disposal of waste in landfills causes the generation of gases, heat, and leachate and results in a variety of ecotoxicological problems, including global warming, water pollution, fire hazards, and health effects that are hazardous to both the environment and public health. Therefore, sustainable management of MSW and landfill leachate is critical, necessitating the use of more advanced techniques to lessen waste production and maximize recycling to assure environmental sustainability. The present review provides an updated overview of the global perspective of municipal waste generation, composition, landfill heat and leachate formation, and ecotoxicological effects, and also discusses integrated-waste management approaches for the sustainable management of municipal waste and landfill leachate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Mohd Yatoo
- Centre of Research for Development, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
| | - Basharat Hamid
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Tahir Ahmad Sheikh
- Faculty of Agriculture, SKUAST-Kashmir, Jammu and Kashmir, Wadura, 193201, India
| | - Shafat Ali
- Centre of Research for Development, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Sartaj Ahmad Bhat
- River Basin Research Centre, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, Japan
- Waste Re-Processing Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nagpur, 440020, India
| | - Sudipta Ramola
- Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Md Niamat Ali
- Centre of Research for Development, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Zahoor Ahmad Baba
- Faculty of Agriculture, SKUAST-Kashmir, Jammu and Kashmir, Wadura, 193201, India
| | - Sunil Kumar
- Waste Re-Processing Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nagpur, 440020, India
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8
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Kim M, Yang E, Liang Y, Kim S, Byun J, Kim H, Choi H. Rational Design of a Necklace-like ZIF-67/Poly(vinylidene fluoride) Electrospun Nanofiber Hybrid Membrane for Simultaneous Removal of PM 0.3 and SO 2. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024. [PMID: 38471079 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c00523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Growing concerns over poor air quality, especially in urban and industrial regions, have led to increased global demands for advanced air-purification technologies. However, the stability and airborne pollutant control abilities of the available air-purification materials under diverse environmental conditions are limited. Thus, the advanced development of filtration materials that can effectively control different types of pollutants, such as particulate matter (PM) and gaseous pollutants, simultaneously has attracted attention. The zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF), a type of porous metal-organic framework (MOF), is a promising material for capturing weakly acidic toxic gases such as SO2 owing to its excellent adsorption performance and high thermal and chemical stability. In this study, we successfully developed an ultrastable necklace-like multifunctional hybrid membrane via the cetyltrimethylammonium bromide-assisted in situ growth of zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF)-67 crystals on electrospun Co2+-doped poly(vinylidene fluoride) nanofibers (70 nm) that can be used in different moisture environments to achieve sustainable air-filtration performance. The hybrid nanocomposite membrane demonstrated excellent performance for the simultaneous control of intractable fine PM0.3 (filtration efficiency, 99.461%) and SO2 (adsorption capacity, 1476.5 mg g-1) under different humidity conditions. This study contributes to the optimal synergistic integration of the advanced metal-organic framework (MOF)-nanofiber nanocomposite membranes and can guide the rational design and conceptualization of a facile and novel membrane for various applications in the environmental science and energy fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minbeom Kim
- School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunmok Yang
- School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Yejin Liang
- School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Soyoung Kim
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Jaehyun Byun
- School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeonseo Kim
- School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Heechul Choi
- School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
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9
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Adame JA, Gutiérrez-Álvarez I, Notario A, Yela M. Surface ozone trends reversal for June and December in an Atlantic natural coastal environment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:17461-17471. [PMID: 38342831 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32344-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
Surface ozone and temperature trends were investigated using records from 2000 to 2021 in Southwestern Europe, at El Arenosillo observatory, focusing on June and December. The ozone trends for daily percentiles were increasing in June for lower percentiles (2.5 ± 1.2 ppb decade-1 for the 5th percentile) and decreasing for higher (- 2.2 ± 1.4 ppb decade-1 for the 95th percentile); in December, the trends were growing in the entire range of percentiles, with a peak of 2.2 ± 0.8 ppb decade-1. A declining trend was obtained for the geopotential height at the pressure level of 850 hPa (Z850) in June while highlighting the upward trend in December (26.3 ± 6.5 m decade-1). The hourly trends for ozone and temperature were also explored in these months. In June, the nocturnal ozone trends were growing (4.0 ± 1.2 ppb decade-1 or 10% decade-1 at 8:00 UTC) associated with temperature rises while in the daytime, a decrease in temperature was observed along with an ozone decreasing trend (- 2.6 ± 1.6 ppb decade-1 or - 5% decade-1 at 18:00 UTC). Hourly ozone and temperature trends in December were increasing with peaks of 3.0 ± 0.9 ppb decade-1 (~ 8% decade-1) at 12:00 UTC and 1.6 ± 0.3 °C decade-1 at 19:00 UTC. Two representative scenarios of these months were studied. The ozone decreases in June could be associated with several factors, decreasing in temperatures and a possible weakening of the anticyclonic conditions leading to changes in the mesoscale processes' development. The strengthening of the Azores anticyclone in December could be enhancing the upward ozone trend observed. It is unknown whether the reversal ozone pattern trends found in this region are a local phenomenon; although we suggest that it could be happening on a larger scale as well, future studies should be carried out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose A Adame
- Atmospheric Sounding Station, National Institute for Aerospace Technology (INTA), El Arenosillo, Mazagón, Huelva, Spain.
| | | | - Alberto Notario
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Margarita Yela
- Atmospheric Research and Instrumentation Branch, National Institute for Aerospace Technology (INTA), Torrejón de Ardoz, Madrid, Spain
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10
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Li J, Chen T, Zhang H, Jia Y, Chu Y, Yan Y, Zhang H, Ren Y, Li H, Hu J, Wang W, Chu B, Ge M, He H. Nonlinear effect of NO x concentration decrease on secondary aerosol formation in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region: Evidence from smog chamber experiments and field observations. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:168333. [PMID: 37952675 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
During the COVID-19 lockdown in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH) region in China, large decrease in nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions, especially in the transportation sector, could not avoid the occurrence of heavy PM2.5 pollution where nitrate dominated the PM2.5 mass increase. To experimentally reveal the effect of NOx control on the formation of PM2.5 secondary components (nitrate in particular), photochemical simulation experiments of mixed volatile organic compounds (VOCs) under various NOx concentrations with smog chamber were performed. The proportions of gaseous precursors in the control experiment were comparable to ambient conditions typically observed in the BTH region. Under relatively constant VOCs concentrations, when the initial NOx concentration was reduced to 40% of that in the control experiment (labelled as NOx,0), the particle mass concentration was not significantly reduced, but when the initial NOx concentration decreased to 20 % of NOx,0, the mass concentration of particles as well as nitrate and organics showed a sudden decrease. A "critical point" where the mass concentration of secondary aerosol started to decline as the initial NOx concentration decreased, located at 0.2-0.4 NOx,0 (or 0.18-0.44 NO2,0) in smog chamber experiments. The oxidation capacity and solar radiation intensity played key roles in the mass concentration and compositions of the formed particles. In field observations in the BTH region in the autumn and winter seasons, the "critical point" exist at 0.15-0.34 NO2,0, which coincided mostly with the laboratory simulation results. Our results suggest that a reduction of NOx emission by >60% could lead to significant reductions of secondary aerosol formation, which can be an effective way to further alleviate PM2.5 pollution in the BTH region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junling Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Tianzeng Chen
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Centre for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Yongcheng Jia
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Centre for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Yangxi Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
| | - Yongxin Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Haijie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Yanqin Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Hong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Jingnan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
| | - Weigang Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Biwu Chu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Centre for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Maofa Ge
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Hong He
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Centre for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
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11
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Ye Q, Yao M, Wang W, Li Z, Li C, Wang S, Xiao H, Zhao Y. Multiphase interactions between sulfur dioxide and secondary organic aerosol from the photooxidation of toluene: Reactivity and sulfate formation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:168736. [PMID: 37996034 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
There is growing evidence that the interactions between sulfur dioxide (SO2) and organic peroxides (POs) in aerosol and clouds play an important role in atmospheric sulfate formation and aerosol aging, yet the reactivity of POs arising from anthropogenic precursors toward SO2 remains unknown. In this study, we investigate the multiphase reactions of SO2 with secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formed from the photooxidation of toluene, a major type of anthropogenic SOA in the atmosphere. The reactive uptake coefficient of SO2 on toluene SOA was determined to be on the order of 10-4, depending strikingly on aerosol water content. POs contribute significantly to the multiphase reactivity of toluene SOA, but they can only explain a portion of the measured SO2 uptake, suggesting the presence of other reactive species in SOA that also contribute to the particle reactivity toward SO2. The second-order reaction rate constant (kII) between S(IV) and toluene-derived POs was estimated to be in the range of the kII values previously reported for commercially available POs (e.g., 2-butanone peroxide and 2-tert-butyl hydroperoxide) and the smallest (C1-C2) and biogenic POs. In addition, unlike commercial POs that can efficiently convert S(IV) into both inorganic sulfate and organosulfates, toluene-derived POs appear to mainly oxidize S(IV) to inorganic sulfate. Our study reveals the multiphase reactivity of typical anthropogenic SOA and POs toward SO2 and will help to develop a better understanding of the formation and evolution of atmospheric secondary aerosol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Ye
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Min Yao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; School of Environmental & Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Ziyue Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Chenxi Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Shunyao Wang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Huayun Xiao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
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12
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Hůnová I, Brabec M, Malý M. Major ions in Central European precipitation - Insight into changes in NO 3-/SO 42-, NH 4+/NO 3- and NH 4+/SO 42- ratios over the last four decades. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 349:140986. [PMID: 38109973 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Knowledge of precipitation composition is important, among other things, to reveal changes in atmospheric chemistry. Here we present the long-term time trends in ratios of major ions in precipitation, namely nitrate to sulphate (NO3-/SO42-), ammonium to sulphate (NH4+/SO42-) and ammonium to nitrate (NH4+/NO3-). For this we explore the long-term time series recorded by the Czech Hydrometeorological Institute at eight monitoring sites situated in urban, rural and mountain regions of the Czech Republic between 1980 and 2020. To that end, we use innovative Bayesian inference with the Integrated Nested Laplace Approximation (INLA) computational method appropriate for investigating complicated large-scale data. Our results indicated: (i) increasing NO3-/SO42- ratio in precipitation over time and distinct seasonal behaviour with higher values in winter and lower values in summer, (ii) increasing NH4+/SO42- ratio in precipitation and distinct seasonal behaviour with higher values in summer and lower values in winter and (iii) relatively stable NH4+/NO3- ratio in precipitation with a mild recent increase and distinct seasonal behaviour with higher values in summer and lower values in winter. This behaviour pattern holds true for all the sites analysed, irrespective of their geographical position, altitude or environment. Though explored in detail rarely, the ion ratios are important to study as they reflect changes in atmospheric chemistry, mirroring changes in emissions and meteorology and suggesting changing impacts on ecosystems and the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iva Hůnová
- Czech Hydrometeorological Institute, Na Sabatce 17, 143 06 Prague 4, Komorany, Czech Republic; Institute for Environmental Studies, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Benatska 2, 128 00 Prague 2, Czech Republic.
| | - Marek Brabec
- Institute of Computer Science of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Pod Vodarenskou Vezi 2, 182 00 Prague 8, Czech Republic; National Institute of Public Health, Srobarova 48, 100 00 Prague 10, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Malý
- Institute of Computer Science of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Pod Vodarenskou Vezi 2, 182 00 Prague 8, Czech Republic; National Institute of Public Health, Srobarova 48, 100 00 Prague 10, Czech Republic
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13
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Wells CD, Kasoar M, Ezzati M, Voulgarakis A. Significant human health co-benefits of mitigating African emissions. ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS 2024; 24:1025-1039. [PMID: 38348019 PMCID: PMC7615628 DOI: 10.5194/acp-24-1025-2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Future African aerosol emissions, and therefore air pollution levels and health outcomes, are uncertain and understudied. Understanding the future health impacts of pollutant emissions from this region is crucial. Here, this research gap is addressed by studying the range in the future health impacts of aerosol emissions from Africa in the Shared Socioeconomic Pathway (SSP) scenarios, using the UK Earth System Model version 1 (UKESM1), along with human health concentration-response functions. The effects of Africa following a high-pollution aerosol pathway are studied relative to a low-pollution control, with experiments varying aerosol emissions from industry and biomass burning. Using present-day demographics, annual deaths within Africa attributable to ambient particulate matter are estimated to be lower by 150 000 (5th-95th confidence interval of 67 000-234 000) under stronger African aerosol mitigation by 2090, while those attributable to O3 are lower by 15 000 (5th-95th confidence interval of 9000-21 000). The particulate matter health benefits are realised predominantly within Africa, with the O3-driven benefits being more widespread - though still concentrated in Africa - due to the longer atmospheric lifetime of O3. These results demonstrate the important health co-benefits from future emission mitigation in Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher D. Wells
- The Grantham Institute for Climate Change and the Environment, Imperial College London, London, UK
- School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Matthew Kasoar
- Leverhulme Centre for Wildfires, Environment and Society, Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Majid Ezzati
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Regional Institute for Population Studies, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Apostolos Voulgarakis
- Leverhulme Centre for Wildfires, Environment and Society, Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, UK
- School of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Crete, Chania, Greece
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14
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Depuydt S, Van der Bruggen B. Green Synthesis of Cation Exchange Membranes: A Review. MEMBRANES 2024; 14:23. [PMID: 38248713 PMCID: PMC10819081 DOI: 10.3390/membranes14010023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Cation exchange membranes (CEMs) play a significant role in the transition to a more sustainable/green society. They are important components for applications such as water electrolysis, artificial photosynthesis, electrodialysis and fuel cells. Their synthesis, however, is far from being sustainable, affecting safety, health and the environment. This review discusses and evaluates the possibilities of synthesizing CEMs that are more sustainable and green. First, the concepts of green and sustainable chemistry are discussed. Subsequently, this review discusses the fabrication of conventional perfluorinated CEMs and how they violate the green/sustainability principles, eventually leading to environmental and health incidents. Furthermore, the synthesis of green CEMs is presented by dividing the synthesis into three parts: sulfonation, material selection and solvent selection. Innovations in using gaseous SO3 or gas-liquid interfacial plasma technology can make the sulfonation process more sustainable. Regarding the selection of polymers, chitosan, cellulose, polylactic acid, alginate, carrageenan and cellulose are promising alternatives to fossil fuel-based polymers. Finally, water is the most sustainable solvent and many biopolymers are soluble in it. For other polymers, there are a limited number of studies using green solvents. Promising solvents are found back in other membrane, such as dimethyl sulfoxide, Cyrene™, Rhodiasolv® PolarClean, TamiSolve NxG and γ-valerolactone.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bart Van der Bruggen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium;
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15
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Wu H, Guo B, Guo T, Pei L, Jing P, Wang Y, Ma X, Bai H, Wang Z, Xie T, Chen M. A study on identifying synergistic prevention and control regions for PM 2.5 and O 3 and exploring their spatiotemporal dynamic in China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 341:122880. [PMID: 37944886 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Air pollutants, notably ozone (O3) and fine particulate matter (PM2.5) give rise to evident adverse impacts on public health and the ecotope, prompting extensive global apprehension. Though PM2.5 has been effectively mitigated in China, O3 has been emerging as a primary pollutant, especially in summer. Currently, alleviating PM2.5 and O3 synergistically faces huge challenges. The synergistic prevention and control (SPC) regions of PM2.5 and O3 and their spatiotemporal patterns were still unclear. To address the above issues, this study utilized ground monitoring station data, meteorological data, and auxiliary data to predict the China High-Resolution O3 Dataset (CHROD) via a two-stage model. Furthermore, SPC regions were identified based on a spatial overlay analysis using a Geographic Information System (GIS). The standard deviation ellipse was employed to investigate the spatiotemporal dynamic characteristics of SPC regions. Some outcomes were obtained. The two-stage model significantly improved the accuracy of O3 concentration prediction with acceptable R2 (0.86), and our CHROD presented higher spatiotemporal resolution compared with existing products. SPC regions exhibited significant spatiotemporal variations during the Blue Sky Protection Campaign (BSPC) in China. SPC regions were dominant in spring and autumn, and O3-controlled and PM2.5-dominated zones were detected in summer and winter, respectively. SPC regions were primarily located in the northwest, north, east, and central regions of China, specifically in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration (BTH), Shanxi, Shaanxi, Shandong, Henan, Jiangsu, Xinjiang, and Anhui provinces. The gravity center of SPC regions was distributed in the BTH in winter, and in Xinjiang during spring, summer, and autumn. This study can supply scientific references for the collaborative management of PM2.5 and O3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haojie Wu
- College of Geomatics, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710054, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Monitoring and Forewarning of Trace Pollutants, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710043, China
| | - Bin Guo
- College of Geomatics, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710054, China.
| | - Tengyue Guo
- Department of Geological Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, 810016, China
| | - Lin Pei
- School of Exercise and Health Sciences, Xi'an Physical Education University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710068, China
| | - Peiqing Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, China
| | - Yan Wang
- School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710119, China
| | - Xuying Ma
- College of Geomatics, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710054, China
| | - Haorui Bai
- College of Geomatics, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710054, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- College of Geomatics, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710054, China
| | - Tingting Xie
- College of Geomatics, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710054, China
| | - Miaoyi Chen
- College of Geomatics, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710054, China
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16
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Sabir MA, Nawaz MF, Khan TH, Zulfiqar U, Haider FU, Rehman A, Ahmad I, Rasheed F, Gul S, Hussain S, Iqbal R, Chaudhary T, Mustafa AEZMA, Elshikh MS. Investigating seasonal air quality variations consequent to the urban vegetation in the metropolis of Faisalabad, Pakistan. Sci Rep 2024; 14:452. [PMID: 38172134 PMCID: PMC10764803 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47512-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Urban atmospheric pollution is global problem and and have become increasingly critical in big cities around the world. Issue of toxic emissions has gained significant attention in the scientific community as the release of pollutants into the atmosphere rising continuously. Although, the Pakistani government has started the Pakistan Clean Air Program to control ambient air quality however, the desired air quality levels are yet to be reached. Since the process of mapping the dispersion of atmospheric pollutants in urban areas is intricate due to its dependence on multiple factors, such as urban vegetation and weather conditions. Therefore, present research focuses on two essential items: (1) the relationship between urban vegetation and atmospheric variables (temperature, relative humidity (RH), sound intensity (SI), CO, CO2, and particulate matter (PM0.5, PM1.0, and PM2.5) and (2) the effect of seasonal change on concentration and magnitude of atmospheric variables. A geographic Information System (GIS) was utilized to map urban atmospheric variables dispersion in the residential areas of Faisalabad, Pakistan. Pearson correlation and principal component analyses were performed to establish the relationship between urban atmospheric pollutants, urban vegetation, and seasonal variation. The results showed a positive correlation between urban vegetation, metrological factors, and most of the atmospheric pollutants. Furthermore, PM concentration showed a significant correlation with temperature and urban vegetation cover. GIS distribution maps for PM0.5, PM1.0, PM2.5, and CO2 pollutants showed the highest concentration of pollutants in poorly to the moderated vegetated areas. Therefore, it can be concluded that urban vegetation requires a rigorous design, planning, and cost-benefit analysis to maximize its positive environmental effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Azeem Sabir
- Institute of Forest Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
| | | | - Tanveer Hussain Khan
- Institute of Forest Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Usman Zulfiqar
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan.
| | - Fasih Ullah Haider
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Abdul Rehman
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Irfan Ahmad
- Department of Forestry & Range Management, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Fahad Rasheed
- Department of Forestry & Range Management, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Sadaf Gul
- Department of Botany, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Safdar Hussain
- Department of Forestry and Range Management, Kohsar University Murree, Murree, Pakistan
| | - Rashid Iqbal
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Talha Chaudhary
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Godollo, 2100, Hungary.
| | - Abd El-Zaher M A Mustafa
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed S Elshikh
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
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17
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Zheng H, Kong S, Seo J, Yan Y, Cheng Y, Yao L, Wang Y, Zhao T, Harrison RM. Achievements and challenges in improving air quality in China: Analysis of the long-term trends from 2014 to 2022. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2024; 183:108361. [PMID: 38091821 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.108361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Due to the implementation of air pollution control measures in China, air quality has significantly improved, although there are still additional issues to be addressed. This study used the long-term trends of air pollutants to discuss the achievements and challenges in further improving air quality in China. The Kolmogorov-Zurbenko (KZ) filter and multiple-linear regression (MLR) were used to quantify the meteorology-related and emission-related trends of air pollutants from 2014 to 2022 in China. The KZ filter analysis showed that PM2.5 decreased by 7.36 ± 2.92% yr-1, while daily maximum 8-h ozone (MDA8 O3) showed an increasing trend with 3.71 ± 2.89% yr-1 in China. The decrease in PM2.5 and increase in MDA8 O3 were primarily attributed to changes in emission, with the relative contribution of 85.8% and 86.0%, respectively. Meteorology variations, including increased ambient temperature, boundary layer height, and reduced relative humidity, also contributed to the reduction of PM2.5 and the enhancement of MDA8 O3. The emission-related trends of PM2.5 and MDA8 O3 exhibited continuous decrease and increase, respectively, from 2014 to 2022, while the variation rates slowed during 2018-2020 compared to that during 2014-2017, highlighting the challenges in further improving air quality, particularly in simultaneously reducing PM2.5 and O3. This study recommends reducing NH3 emissions from the agriculture sector in rural areas and transport emissions in urban areas to further decrease PM2.5 levels. Addressing O3 pollution requires the reduction of O3 precursor gases based on site-specific atmospheric chemistry considerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huang Zheng
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, China; Research Centre for Complex Air Pollution of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430078, China
| | - Shaofei Kong
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, China; Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, Key Laboratory for Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation of the China Meteorological Administration, PREMIC, Nanjing University of Information Science &Technology, Nanjing, China; Research Centre for Complex Air Pollution of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430078, China.
| | - Jihoon Seo
- Climate and Environmental Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Yingying Yan
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, China; Research Centre for Complex Air Pollution of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430078, China
| | - Yi Cheng
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, China
| | - Liquan Yao
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, China
| | - Yanxin Wang
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, China; Research Centre for Complex Air Pollution of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430078, China
| | - Tianliang Zhao
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, Key Laboratory for Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation of the China Meteorological Administration, PREMIC, Nanjing University of Information Science &Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Roy M Harrison
- School of Geography, Earth and Environment Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Meteorology, Environment and Arid Land Agriculture, King Abdulaziz University, PO Box 80203, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
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18
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Archer AJ, Goddard BD, Roth R. Stability of nanoparticle laden aerosol liquid droplets. J Chem Phys 2023; 159:194503. [PMID: 37982479 DOI: 10.1063/5.0172137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023] Open
Abstract
We develop a model for the thermodynamics and evaporation dynamics of aerosol droplets of a liquid, such as water, surrounded by gas. When the temperature and the chemical potential (or equivalently the humidity) are such that the vapor phase is in the thermodynamic equilibrium state, then, of course, droplets of the pure liquid evaporate over a relatively short time. However, if the droplets also contain nanoparticles or any other non-volatile solute, then the droplets can become thermodynamically stable. We show that the equilibrium droplet size depends strongly on the amount and solubility of the nanoparticles within, i.e., on the nature of the particle interactions with the liquid and, of course, also on the vapor temperature and chemical potential. We develop a simple thermodynamic model for such droplets and compare predictions with results from a lattice density functional theory that takes as input the same particle interaction properties, finding very good agreement. We also use dynamical density functional theory to study the evaporation/condensation dynamics of liquid from/to droplets as they equilibrate with the vapor, thereby demonstrating droplet stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Archer
- Department of Mathematical Sciences and Interdisciplinary Centre for Mathematical Modelling, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, United Kingdom
| | - B D Goddard
- School of Mathematics and the Maxwell Institute for Mathematical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, United Kingdom
| | - R Roth
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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19
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Sommariva R, Alam MS, Crilley LR, Rooney DJ, Bloss WJ, Fomba KW, Andersen ST, Carpenter LJ. Factors Influencing the Formation of Nitrous Acid from Photolysis of Particulate Nitrate. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:9302-9310. [PMID: 37879076 PMCID: PMC10641842 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c03853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Enhanced photolysis of particulate nitrate (pNO3) to form photolabile species, such as gas-phase nitrous acid (HONO), has been proposed as a potential mechanism to recycle nitrogen oxides (NOx) in the remote boundary layer ("renoxification"). This article presents a series of laboratory experiments aimed at investigating the parameters that control the photolysis of pNO3 and the efficiency of HONO production. Filters on which artificial or ambient particles had been sampled were exposed to the light of a solar simulator, and the formation of HONO was monitored under controlled laboratory conditions. The results indicate that the photolysis of pNO3 is enhanced, compared to the photolysis of gas-phase HNO3, at low pNO3 levels, with the enhancement factor reducing at higher pNO3 levels. The presence of cations (Na+) and halides (Cl-) and photosensitive organic compounds (imidazole) also enhance pNO3 photolysis, but other organic compounds such as oxalate and succinic acid have the opposite effect. The precise role of humidity in pNO3 photolysis remains unclear. While the efficiency of photolysis is enhanced in deliquescent particles compared to dry particles, some of the experimental results suggest that this may not be the case for supersaturated particles. These experiments suggest that both the composition and the humidity of particles control the enhancement of particulate nitrate photolysis, potentially explaining the variability in results among previous laboratory and field studies. HONO observations in the remote marine boundary layer can be explained by a simple box-model that includes the photolysis of pNO3, in line with the results presented here, although more experimental work is needed in order to derive a comprehensive parametrization of this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Sommariva
- School
of Geography, Earth and Environmental Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K.
| | - M. S. Alam
- School
of Geography, Earth and Environmental Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K.
| | - L. R. Crilley
- School
of Geography, Earth and Environmental Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K.
| | - D. J. Rooney
- School
of Geography, Earth and Environmental Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K.
| | - W. J. Bloss
- School
of Geography, Earth and Environmental Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K.
| | - K. W. Fomba
- Atmospheric
Chemistry Department, Leibniz Institute
for Tropospheric Research, Leipzig 04318, Germany
| | - S. T. Andersen
- Wolfson
Atmospheric Chemistry Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of York, York YO10 5DD, U.K.
| | - L. J. Carpenter
- Wolfson
Atmospheric Chemistry Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of York, York YO10 5DD, U.K.
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20
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Ji JS, Xia Y, Liu L, Zhou W, Chen R, Dong G, Hu Q, Jiang J, Kan H, Li T, Li Y, Liu Q, Liu Y, Long Y, Lv Y, Ma J, Ma Y, Pelin K, Shi X, Tong S, Xie Y, Xu L, Yuan C, Zeng H, Zhao B, Zheng G, Liang W, Chan M, Huang C. China's public health initiatives for climate change adaptation. THE LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH. WESTERN PACIFIC 2023; 40:100965. [PMID: 38116500 PMCID: PMC10730322 DOI: 10.1016/j.lanwpc.2023.100965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
China's health gains over the past decades face potential reversals if climate change adaptation is not prioritized. China's temperature rise surpasses the global average due to urban heat islands and ecological changes, and demands urgent actions to safeguard public health. Effective adaptation need to consider China's urbanization trends, underlying non-communicable diseases, an aging population, and future pandemic threats. Climate change adaptation initiatives and strategies include urban green space, healthy indoor environments, spatial planning for cities, advance location-specific early warning systems for extreme weather events, and a holistic approach for linking carbon neutrality to health co-benefits. Innovation and technology uptake is a crucial opportunity. China's successful climate adaptation can foster international collaboration regionally and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- John S. Ji
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanjie Xia
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Linxin Liu
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Weiju Zhou
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Renjie Chen
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and National School of Public Health, Health Commission Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guanghui Dong
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qinghua Hu
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jingkun Jiang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Haidong Kan
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and National School of Public Health, Health Commission Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tiantian Li
- National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Li
- Public Meteorological Service Centre, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing, China
| | - Qiyong Liu
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases at China, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yanxiang Liu
- Public Meteorological Service Centre, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Long
- School of Architecture, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuebin Lv
- National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Ma
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Ma
- School of Architecture, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Kinay Pelin
- School of Climate Change and Adaptation, University of Prince Edward Island, Prince Edward Island, Canada
| | - Xiaoming Shi
- National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
- Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shilu Tong
- National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
- School of Public Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Yang Xie
- School of Economics and Management, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Xu
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Changzheng Yuan
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huatang Zeng
- Shenzhen Health Development Research and Data Management Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Bin Zhao
- Department of Building Science, School of Architecture, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Guangjie Zheng
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Wannian Liang
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Margaret Chan
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Cunrui Huang
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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21
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Ji Y, Zhuang Y, Jiao X, Cheng Z, Liu C, Yu X, Zhang Y. 3D Monolayer Silanation of Porous Structure Facilitating Multi-Phase Pollutants Removal. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2303658. [PMID: 37449342 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202303658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Activated carbon (AC) is widely used to removing hazardous pollutants from air and water, owing to its exceptional adsorption properties. However, the high affinity of water molecules with the surface oxygen-containing functional groups can adversely affect the adsorption performance of AC. In this study, a facile and efficient method is presented for fabrication of hydrophobic AC through surface monolayer silanation. Compared to initial AC, the hydrophobic AC improves the water contact angle from 29.7° to 123.5° while maintaining high specific surface area and enhances the removal capacity of multi-phase pollutants (emulsified oil and toluene). Additionally, the hydrophobic AC exhibits excellent adsorption capability to harmful algal bloom species (Chlorella) (97.56%) and algal organic matter (AOM) (96.23%) owing to electrostatic interactions and surface hydrophobicity. The study demonstrates that this method of surface monolayer silanation can effectively weaken the effect of water molecules on AC adsorption capacity, which has significant potential for practical use in air and water purification, as well as in the control of harmful algal blooms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanzheng Ji
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Southeast Road 2nd, Nanjing, 211189, P. R. China
| | - Yifan Zhuang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Southeast Road 2nd, Nanjing, 211189, P. R. China
| | - Xuan Jiao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Southeast Road 2nd, Nanjing, 211189, P. R. China
| | - Zhikang Cheng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Southeast Road 2nd, Nanjing, 211189, P. R. China
| | - Chunhui Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Southeast Road 2nd, Nanjing, 211189, P. R. China
| | - Xinquan Yu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Southeast Road 2nd, Nanjing, 211189, P. R. China
| | - Youfa Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Southeast Road 2nd, Nanjing, 211189, P. R. China
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22
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Zhang Y, Wang H, Huang L, Qiao L, Zhou M, Mu J, Wu C, Zhu Y, Shen H, Huang C, Wang G, Wang T, Wang W, Xue L. Double-Edged Role of VOCs Reduction in Nitrate Formation: Insights from Observations during the China International Import Expo 2018. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:15979-15989. [PMID: 37821356 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c04629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Aerosol nitrate (NO3-) constitutes a significant component of fine particles in China. Prioritizing the control of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) is a crucial step toward achieving clean air, yet its impact on NO3- pollution remains inadequately understood. Here, we examined the role of VOCs in NO3- formation by combining comprehensive field measurements conducted during the China International Import Expo (CIIE) in Shanghai (from 10 October to 22 November 2018) and multiphase chemical modeling. Despite a decline in primary pollutants during the CIIE, NO3- levels increased compared to pre-CIIE and post-CIIE─NO3- concentrations decreased in the daytime (by -10 and -26%) while increasing in the nighttime (by 8 and 30%). Analysis of the observations and backward trajectory indicates that the diurnal variation in NO3- was mainly attributed to local chemistry rather than meteorological conditions. Decreasing VOCs lowered the daytime NO3- production by reducing the hydroxyl radical level, whereas the greater VOCs reduction at night than that in the daytime increased the nitrate radical level, thereby promoting the nocturnal NO3- production. These results reveal the double-edged role of VOCs in NO3- formation, underscoring the need for transferring large VOC-emitting enterprises from the daytime to the nighttime, which should be considered in formulating corresponding policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingnan Zhang
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, 250100 Ji'nan, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of the Cause and Prevention of Urban Air Pollution Complex, Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, 200233 Shanghai, China
| | - Hongli Wang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of the Cause and Prevention of Urban Air Pollution Complex, Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, 200233 Shanghai, China
| | - Liubin Huang
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, 250100 Ji'nan, China
| | - Liping Qiao
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of the Cause and Prevention of Urban Air Pollution Complex, Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, 200233 Shanghai, China
| | - Min Zhou
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of the Cause and Prevention of Urban Air Pollution Complex, Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, 200233 Shanghai, China
| | - Jiangshan Mu
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, 250100 Ji'nan, China
| | - Can Wu
- Key Lab of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, 200241 Shanghai, China
| | - Yujiao Zhu
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, 250100 Ji'nan, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of the Cause and Prevention of Urban Air Pollution Complex, Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, 200233 Shanghai, China
| | - Hengqing Shen
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, 250100 Ji'nan, China
| | - Cheng Huang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of the Cause and Prevention of Urban Air Pollution Complex, Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, 200233 Shanghai, China
| | - Gehui Wang
- Key Lab of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, 200241 Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, 999077 Hong Kong, China
| | - Wenxing Wang
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, 250100 Ji'nan, China
| | - Likun Xue
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, 250100 Ji'nan, China
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23
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Wang H, Han L, Li T, Qu S, Zhao Y, Fan S, Chen T, Cui H, Liu J. Temporal-spatial distributions of road silt loadings and fugitive road dust emissions in Beijing from 2019 to 2020. J Environ Sci (China) 2023; 132:56-70. [PMID: 37336610 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2022.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Road silt loading (sL) is an important parameter in the fugitive road dust (FRD) emissions. In this study, the improved Testing Re-entrained Aerosol Kinetic Emissions from Roads (TRAKER) combined with the AP-42 method was firstly developed to quickly measure and estimate the sLs of paved roads in Beijing, China. The annual average sLs in Beijing was 0.59±0.31 g/m2 in 2020, and decreased by 22.4% compared with that in 2019. The seasonal variations of sLs followed the order of spring > winter > summer > autumn in the two years. The seasonal mean road sLs on the same type road in the four seasons presented a decline trend from 2019 to 2020, especially on the Express way, decreasing 47.4%-72.7%. The road sLs on the different type roads in the same season followed the order of Major arterial ∼ Minor arterial ∼ Branch road > Express road, and Township road ∼ Country highway > Provincial highway ∼ National highway. The emission intensities of PM10 and PM2.5 from FRD in Beijing in 2020 were lower than those in 2019. The PM10 and PM2.5 emission intensities at the four planning areas in the two years all presented the order of the capital functional core area > the urban functional expansion area > the urban development new area > the ecological conservation and development area. The annual emissions of PM10 and PM2.5 from FRD in Beijing in 2020 were 74,886 ton and 18,118 ton, respectively, decreasing by ∼33.3% compared with those in 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Beijing on Regional Air Pollution Control, Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China; Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Eco-Environmental Protection, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Lihui Han
- Key Laboratory of Beijing on Regional Air Pollution Control, Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China.
| | - Tingting Li
- Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Eco-Environmental Protection, Beijing 100037, China; National Engineering Research Center of Urban Environmental Pollution Control, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Song Qu
- Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Eco-Environmental Protection, Beijing 100037, China; National Engineering Research Center of Urban Environmental Pollution Control, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Yuncheng Zhao
- Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Eco-Environmental Protection, Beijing 100037, China; National Engineering Research Center of Urban Environmental Pollution Control, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Shoubin Fan
- Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Eco-Environmental Protection, Beijing 100037, China; National Engineering Research Center of Urban Environmental Pollution Control, Beijing 100037, China.
| | - Tong Chen
- Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Eco-Environmental Protection, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Haoran Cui
- Key Laboratory of Beijing on Regional Air Pollution Control, Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China; Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Eco-Environmental Protection, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Junfang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Beijing on Regional Air Pollution Control, Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China; Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Eco-Environmental Protection, Beijing 100037, China
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24
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Minderytė A, Ugboma EA, Mirza Montoro FF, Stachlewska IS, Byčenkienė S. Impact of long-range transport on black carbon source contribution and optical aerosol properties in two urban environments. Heliyon 2023; 9:e19652. [PMID: 37809826 PMCID: PMC10558905 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Urban areas, as major sources of aerosol black carbon emissions, contribute to increased pollution levels in surrounding regions by air mass long-range transport, which should be taken into account in implementation of emission-reduction strategies. Properties of light-absorbing aerosol particles and a novel approach to assess the impact of long-range transport on black carbon (BC) pollution in two under-investigated urban environments: Warsaw (Poland, Central Europe) and Vilnius (Lithuania, North-Eastern Europe) are presented. During the warm season of May-August 2022, BC mass concentration and aerosol optical properties: the scattering Ångström exponent (SAE), absorption Ångström exponent (AAE), and single scattering albedo (SSA) were investigated. Generally, the mean BC mass concentration was higher at the more polluted site in Warsaw (1.07 μg/m3) than in Vilnius (0.77 μg/m3). The BC source apportionment to biomass burning (BCBB) and fossil fuel combustion (BCFF) showed similar contributions for both sites with BCBB (13-19%) being significantly lower than BCFF (81-87%). A uniform flow of air masses transporting aerosol particles over long distances to both sites was observed for 42% of the days. It affected BC mass concentration as follows: BC decrease was found similar at both sites (42% in Warsaw, 50% in Vilnius) but increase was twice higher in Vilnius (64%) than in Warsaw (30%). Despite variations in BC mass concentration, both sites exhibited a comparable abundance (90%) of submicron (SAE<1.3), BC-dominated (AAE<1.5) particles. The mean SSA was very low (0.69 ± 0.1 in Warsaw, 0.72 ± 0.1 in Vilnius), which indicates a very strong contribution of light-absorbing aerosol particles in both environments. The local episodes of biomass burning due to celebrations of May Days on 1st - 3rd May in Warsaw and Midsummer on 24th June in Vilnius showed similar aerosol properties in both cities (1.5
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnė Minderytė
- SRI Center for Physical Sciences and Technology (FTMC), 10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Emeka A. Ugboma
- Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw (UW), 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | | | | | - Steigvilė Byčenkienė
- SRI Center for Physical Sciences and Technology (FTMC), 10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
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25
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Fu L, Yang S, Zhang DH. Neural network potential energy surfaces and dipole moment surfaces for SO 2(H 2O) and SO 2(H 2O) 2 complexes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:22804-22812. [PMID: 37584113 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp03113f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
Full-dimensional, ab initio-based many-body potential energy surfaces and dipole moment surfaces constructed using the neural network method for SO2(H2O)n (n = 1,2) complexes are reported. The database of the SO2 1-body PES, SO2(H2O) 2-body PES and SO2(H2O)2 3-body PES consists of 11 952, 79 882 and 84 159 ab initio energies, respectively. All 1-body energies were calculated at the CCSD(T)/CBS(AVTZ:AVQZ) level and all 2,3-body energies were calculated at the DSD-PBEP86/AVTZ level. The database of DMSs is the same as that of PESs and all dipole moments were calculated at the MP2/AVTZ level. Harmonic frequencies and dissociation energies of SO2(H2O) and SO2(H2O)2 were calculated on these PESs and compared with ab initio results to examine the fidelity of these PESs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangfei Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, P. R. China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Shuo Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, P. R. China.
| | - Dong H Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, P. R. China.
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26
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Macintyre HL, Mitsakou C, Vieno M, Heal MR, Heaviside C, Exley KS. Future impacts of O 3 on respiratory hospital admission in the UK from current emissions policies. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 178:108046. [PMID: 37393725 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.108046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to ambient ozone (O3) O3 is associated with impacts on human health. O3 is a secondary pollutant whose concentrations are determined inter alia by emissions of precursors such as oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and thus future health burdens depend on policies relating to climate and air quality. While emission controls are expected to reduce levels of PM2.5 and NO2 and their associated mortality burdens, for secondary pollutants like O3 the picture is less clear. Detailed assessments are necessary to provide quantitative estimates of future impacts to support decision-makers. We simulate future O3 across the UK using a high spatial resolution atmospheric chemistry model with current UK and European policy projections for 2030, 2040 and 2050, and use UK regional population-weighting and latest recommendations on health impact assessment to quantify respiratory emergency hospital admissions associated with short-term effects of O3. We estimate 60,488 admissions in 2018, increasing by 4.2%, 4.5% and 4.6% by 2030, 2040 and 2050 respectively (assuming a fixed population). Including future population growth, estimated emergency respiratory hospital admissions are 8.3%, 10.3% and 11.7% higher by 2030, 2040 and 2050 respectively. Increasing O3 concentrations in future are driven by reduced nitric oxide (NO) in urban areas due to reduced emissions, with increases in O3 mainly occurring in areas with lowest O3 concentrations currently. Meteorology influences episodes of O3 on a day-to-day basis, although a sensitivity study indicates that annual totals of hospital admissions are only slightly impacted by meteorological year. While reducing emissions results in overall benefits to population health (through reduced mortality due to long-term exposure to PM2.5 and NO2), due to the complex chemistry, as NO emissions reduce there are associated local increases in O3 close to population centres that may increase harms to health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen L Macintyre
- UK Health Security Agency, Chilton, Oxon OX11 0RQ, UK; School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston B15 2TT, UK.
| | | | - Massimo Vieno
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Bush Estate, Penicuik, Midlothian EH26 0QB, UK.
| | - Mathew R Heal
- School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, UK.
| | - Clare Heaviside
- Institute for Environmental Design and Engineering, University College London, Central House, 14 Upper Woburn Place, London WC1H 0NN, UK.
| | - Karen S Exley
- UK Health Security Agency, Chilton, Oxon OX11 0RQ, UK; Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.
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27
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Bui LT, Nguyen NHT, Nguyen PH. Chronic and acute health effects of PM 2.5 exposure and the basis of pollution control targets. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:79937-79959. [PMID: 37291347 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-27936-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC) is changing and expanding quickly, leading to environmental consequences that seriously threaten human health. PM2.5 pollution is one of the main causes of premature death. In this context, studies have evaluated strategies to control and reduce air pollution; such pollution-control measures need to be economically justified. The objective of this study was to assess the socio-economic damage caused by exposure to the current pollution scenario, taking 2019 as the base year. A methodology for calculating and evaluating the economic and environmental benefits of air pollution reduction was implemented. This study aimed to simultaneously evaluate the impacts of both short-term (acute) and long-term (chronic) PM2.5 pollution exposure on human health, providing a comprehensive overview of economic losses attributable to such pollution. Spatial partitioning (inner-city and suburban) on health risks of PM2.5 and detailed construction of health impact maps by age group and sex on a spatial resolution grid (3.0 km × 3.0 km) was performed. The calculation results show that the economic loss from premature deaths due to short-term exposure (approximately 38.86 trillion VND) is higher than that from long-term exposure (approximately 14.89 trillion VND). As the government of HCMC has been developing control and mitigation solutions for the Air Quality Action Plan towards short- and medium-term goals in 2030, focusing mainly on PM2.5, the results of this study will help policymakers develop a roadmap to reduce the impact of PM2.5 during 2025-2030.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Ta Bui
- Laboratory for Environmental Modelling, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
- Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City (VNU-HCM), Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc District, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
| | - Nhi Hoang Tuyet Nguyen
- Laboratory for Environmental Modelling, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City (VNU-HCM), Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc District, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Phong Hoang Nguyen
- Laboratory for Environmental Modelling, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City (VNU-HCM), Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc District, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
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28
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Amarandei C, Olariu RI, Arsene C. First insights into the molecular characteristics of atmospheric organic aerosols from Iasi, Romania: Behavior of biogenic versus anthropogenic contributions and potential implications. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 877:162830. [PMID: 36924952 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The present study reports first data on the organic molecular composition and evolution of secondary organic aerosols (SOAs) markers in aerosol samples from an urban environment in Romania. Targeted and non-targeted approaches of liquid chromatography tandem with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-ToF-MS) were used as powerful analytical approaches for aerosol characterization at the molecular level. Four distinct organic molecular groups (CHO, CHON, CHONS, and CHOS) were classified as relevant for both warm (with 847 assigned molecular formulae) and cold (with 432 assigned molecular formulae) periods. Different formation mechanisms, physico-chemical processing, meteorological conditions, and sources origin or strengths (biogenic versus anthropogenic), were identified as governing factors of the mass concentration size distribution for the first generation and second-generation oxidation products of α-/β-pinene and two nitroaromatics (i.e., 4-nitrophenol and 4-nitrocatechol). Aromaticity equivalent (XC), carbon oxidation state (OSC), H/C and O/C ratios, and van Krevelen diagrams, were used to discriminate between: i) the aliphatic or aromatic nature of the identified organic aerosol constituents, ii) the oxidation state of the aerosol samples (e.g., more oxidized molecular formulae during the highly insolated period, more intense photochemistry), and iii) sources role in controlling OAs constituents abundances and behavior (e.g., higher relative contributions of aliphatic CHO formulae with a wider range of carbon numbers and CHOS molecular group with higher contribution during the warm period due to increased biogenic emissions or secondary formation from the biogenic precursors). Since in the present study >88 % of the 4-nitrocatechol and 4-nitrophenol was determined in the aerosol size fraction below 1 μm, it is believed that determination of their abundances and size distribution in ambient aerosols might provide direction for future studies such as to enhance the knowledge on their toxic potential levels for the human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia Amarandei
- "Alexandru Ioan Cuza" University of Iasi, Faculty of Chemistry, 11 Carol I, 700506, Iasi, Romania; "Alexandru Ioan Cuza" University of Iasi, Integrated Centre of Environmental Science Studies in the North Eastern Region (CERNESIM), 11 Carol I, 700506, Iasi, Romania; "Alexandru Ioan Cuza" University of Iasi, Research Center with Integrated Techniques for Atmospheric Aerosol Investigation in Romania (RECENT-AIR), 11 Carol I, 700506, Iasi, Romania
| | - Romeo Iulian Olariu
- "Alexandru Ioan Cuza" University of Iasi, Faculty of Chemistry, 11 Carol I, 700506, Iasi, Romania; "Alexandru Ioan Cuza" University of Iasi, Integrated Centre of Environmental Science Studies in the North Eastern Region (CERNESIM), 11 Carol I, 700506, Iasi, Romania; "Alexandru Ioan Cuza" University of Iasi, Research Center with Integrated Techniques for Atmospheric Aerosol Investigation in Romania (RECENT-AIR), 11 Carol I, 700506, Iasi, Romania
| | - Cecilia Arsene
- "Alexandru Ioan Cuza" University of Iasi, Faculty of Chemistry, 11 Carol I, 700506, Iasi, Romania; "Alexandru Ioan Cuza" University of Iasi, Integrated Centre of Environmental Science Studies in the North Eastern Region (CERNESIM), 11 Carol I, 700506, Iasi, Romania; "Alexandru Ioan Cuza" University of Iasi, Research Center with Integrated Techniques for Atmospheric Aerosol Investigation in Romania (RECENT-AIR), 11 Carol I, 700506, Iasi, Romania.
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29
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Qader W, Dar RA, Rashid I. Phytolith particulate matter and its potential human and environmental effects. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 327:121541. [PMID: 37019257 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Particulate matter from both natural and anthropogenic sources is known to affect air quality and human health. However, the abundance and varied composition of the suspended particulate matter make it difficult to locate the precise precursors for some of these atmospheric pollutants. Plants deposit appreciable quantities of microscopic biogenic silica in and/or between their cells, known as phytoliths, which get released into the soil surface after the death and decomposition of plants. Dust storms from exposed terrains, forest fires, and stubble burning disperse these phytoliths into the atmosphere. Their durability, chemical composition, and diverse morphology prompt us to view phytoliths as a possible particulate matter that could impact air quality, climate, and human health. Estimating the phytolith particulate matter, its toxicity, and environmental impacts will help take effective and targeted policies for improving air quality and decreasing health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waseem Qader
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| | - Reyaz Ahmad Dar
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
| | - Irfan Rashid
- Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
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30
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Chen Y, Liu H, Alatalo JM, Jiang B. Air quality characteristics during 2016-2020 in Wuhan, China. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8477. [PMID: 37231046 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35465-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Implementation of a clean air policy in China has high national importance. Here, we analyzed tempo-spatial characteristics of the concentrations of PM2.5 (PM2.5_C), PM10 (PM10_C), SO2 (SO2 _C), NO2 (NO2 _C), CO (CO _C), and maximum 8-h average O3 (O3_8h_C), monitored at 22 stations throughout the mega-city of Wuhan from January 2016 to December 2020, and their correlations with the meteorological and socio-economic factors. PM2.5_C, PM10_C, SO2 _C, NO2 _C, and CO _C showed similar monthly and seasonal trends, with minimum value in summer and maximum value in winter. However, O3_8h_C showed an opposite monthly and seasonal change pattern. In 2020, compared to the other years, the annual average PM2.5_C, PM10_C, SO2 _C, NO2 _C, and CO _C were lower. PM2.5_C and PM10_C were higher in urban and industrial sites and lower in the control site. The SO2_C was higher in industrial sites. The NO2_C was lower, and O3_8h_C was higher in suburban sites, while CO showed no spatial differences in their concentrations. PM2.5 _C, PM10 _C, SO2 _C, NO2 _C, and CO _C had positive correlations with each other, while O3_8h_C showed more complex correlations with the other pollutants. PM2.5_C, PM10_C, SO2 _C, and CO _C presented a significantly negative association with temperature and precipitation, while O3 was significantly positively associated with temperature and negatively associated with relative air humidity. There was no significant correlation between air pollutants and wind speed. Gross domestic product, population, number of automobiles, and energy consumption play an important role in the dynamics of air quality concentrations. These all provided important information for the decision and policy-makers to effectively control the air pollution in Wuhan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Hongtao Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Juha M Alatalo
- Environmental Science Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Bo Jiang
- Changjiang Water Resources Protection Institute, Wuhan, 430051, China.
- Key Laboratory of Ecological Regulation of Non-Point Source Pollution in Lake and Reservoir Water Resources, Changjiang Water Resources Commission, Wuhan, 430051, China.
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31
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Massagué J, Escudero M, Alastuey A, Mantilla E, Monfort E, Gangoiti G, García-Pando CP, Querol X. Spatiotemporal variations of tropospheric ozone in Spain (2008-2019). ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 176:107961. [PMID: 37216837 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.107961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to support the development of Spain's Ozone Mitigation Plan by evaluating the present-day spatial variation (2015-2019) and trends (2008-2019) for seven ground-level ozone (O3) metrics relevant for human/ecosystems exposure and regulatory purposes. Results indicate that the spatial variation of O3 depends on the part of the O3 distribution being analyzed. Metrics associated with moderate O3 concentrations depict an increasing O3 gradient between the northern and Mediterranean coasts due to climatic factors, while for metrics considering the upper end of the O3 distribution, this climatic gradient tends to attenuate in favor of hotspot regions pointing to relevant local/regional O3 formation. A classification of atmospheric regions in Spain is proposed based on their O3 pollution patterns, to identify priority areas (or O3 hotspots) where local/regional precursor abatement might significantly reduce O3 during pollution episodes. The trends assessment reveals a narrowing of the O3 distribution at the national level, with metrics influenced by lower concentrations tending to increase over time, and those reflecting the higher end of the O3 distribution tending to decrease. While most stations show no statistically significant variations, contrasting O3 trends are evident among the O3 hotspots. The Madrid area exhibits the majority of upward trends across all metrics, frequently with the highest increasing rates, implying increasing O3 associated with both chronic and episodic exposure. The Valencian Community area exhibits a mixed variation pattern, with moderate to high O3 metrics increasing and peak metrics decreasing, while O3 in areas downwind of Barcelona, the Guadalquivir Valley and Puertollano shows no variations. Sevilla is the only large Spanish city with generalized O3 decreasing trends. The different O3 trends among hotspots highlight the need for mitigation measures to be designed at a local/regional scale to be effective. This approach may offer valuable insights for other countries developing O3 mitigation plans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Massagué
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), 08034 Barcelona, Spain; Department of Mining, Industrial and ICT Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya - BarcelonaTech, UPC, 08242 Manresa, Spain.
| | - Miguel Escudero
- Department of Applied Physics, School of Engineering and Architecture, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Andrés Alastuey
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Enrique Mantilla
- Mediterranean Center for Environmental Studies, CEAM, Valencia 46980, Spain
| | - Eliseo Monfort
- Institute of Ceramic Technology (ITC), Universitat Jaume I, 12006 Castellón, Spain
| | - Gotzon Gangoiti
- Faculty of Engineering, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Carlos Pérez García-Pando
- Barcelona Supercomputing Center, 08034 Barcelona, Spain; ICREA, Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Querol
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), 08034 Barcelona, Spain
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32
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Handhayani T. An integrated analysis of air pollution and meteorological conditions in Jakarta. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5798. [PMID: 37032334 PMCID: PMC10083178 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32817-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Air pollution and climate change are general problems for society. This paper proposes an integrated analysis of the Air Quality Index (AQI) and meteorological conditions in Jakarta. The column-based data integration model is applied to create integrated data of the Air Quality Index and meteorological conditions. The integrated data is then used to generate a causal graph using the PC algorithm. The causal graph reveals that there exist causal relationships between pollutants and meteorological conditions, e.g, humidity, rainfall, wind speed, and duration of sunshine affect particulate matter 10 (PM[Formula: see text]); wind speed affects sulfur dioxide (SO[Formula: see text]); temperature affects ozone (O[Formula: see text]). The historical data records that the average wind speed is decreased and the number of unhealthy days has risen. Ozone and particulate matter are two pollutants that mainly influence poor air quality in Jakarta. The integrated data is also used to train Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) and Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) for forecasting. Experimental results show that LSTM using integrated data produces smaller errors for forecasting AQI and meteorological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teny Handhayani
- Fakultas Teknologi Informasi, Universitas Tarumanagara, Jakarta, Indonesia.
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Khan AH, Tait K, Derwent RG, Roome S, Bacak A, Bullock S, Lowenberg MH, Shallcross DE. Off‐setting climate change through formation flying of aircraft, a feasibility study reliant on high fidelity gas‐phase chemical kinetic data. INT J CHEM KINET 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/kin.21644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anwar H. Khan
- Atmospheric Chemistry Research Group School of Chemistry Cantock's Close University of Bristol Bristol UK
| | - Kieran Tait
- Department of Aerospace Engineering Queen's Building University Walk University of Bristol Bristol UK
| | | | - Steve Roome
- Department of Aerospace Engineering Queen's Building University Walk University of Bristol Bristol UK
| | - Asan Bacak
- Turkish Accelerator & Radiation Laboratory Ankara University Golbasi, Ankara Turkey
| | - Steve Bullock
- Department of Aerospace Engineering Queen's Building University Walk University of Bristol Bristol UK
| | - Mark H. Lowenberg
- Department of Aerospace Engineering Queen's Building University Walk University of Bristol Bristol UK
| | - Dudley E. Shallcross
- Atmospheric Chemistry Research Group School of Chemistry Cantock's Close University of Bristol Bristol UK
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34
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Macintyre HL, Mitsakou C, Vieno M, Heal MR, Heaviside C, Exley KS. Impacts of emissions policies on future UK mortality burdens associated with air pollution. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 174:107862. [PMID: 36963156 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.107862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution is the greatest environmental risk to public health. Future air pollution concentrations are primarily determined by precursor emissions, which are driven by environmental policies relating to climate and air pollution. Detailed health impact assessments (HIA) are necessary to provide quantitative estimates of the impacts of future air pollution to support decision-makers developing environmental policy and targets. In this study we use high spatial resolution atmospheric chemistry modelling to simulate future air pollution concentrations across the UK for 2030, 2040 and 2050 based on current UK and European policy projections. We combine UK regional population-weighted concentrations with the latest epidemiological relationships to quantify mortality associated with changes in PM2.5 and NO2 air pollution. Our HIA suggests that by 2050, population-weighted exposure to PM2.5 will reduce by 28% to 36%, and for NO2 by 35% to 49%, depending on region. The HIA shows that for present day (2018), annual mortality attributable to the effects of long-term exposure to PM2.5 and NO2 is in the range 26,287 - 42,442, and that mortality burdens in future will be substantially reduced, being lower by 31%, 35%, and 37% in 2030, 2040 and 2050 respectively (relative to 2018) assuming no population changes. Including population projections (increases in all regions for 30+ years age group) slightly offsets these health benefits, resulting in reductions of 25%, 27%, and 26% in mortality burdens for 2030, 2040, 2050 respectively. Significant reductions in future mortality burdens are estimated and, importantly for public health, the majority of benefits are achieved early on in the future timeline simulated, though further efforts are likely needed to reduce impacts of air pollution to health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen L Macintyre
- UK Health Security Agency, Chilton, Oxon OX11 0RQ, UK; School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston B15 2TT, UK.
| | | | - Massimo Vieno
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Bush Estate, Penicuik, Midlothian EH26 0QB, UK.
| | - Mathew R Heal
- School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, UK.
| | - Clare Heaviside
- Institute for Environmental Design and Engineering, University College London, Central House, 14 Upper Woburn Place, London WC1H 0NN, UK.
| | - Karen S Exley
- UK Health Security Agency, Chilton, Oxon OX11 0RQ, UK; Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.
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35
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Jiang Y, Ding D, Dong Z, Liu S, Chang X, Zheng H, Xing J, Wang S. Extreme Emission Reduction Requirements for China to Achieve World Health Organization Global Air Quality Guidelines. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:4424-4433. [PMID: 36898019 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c09164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
A big gap exists between current air quality in China and the World Health Organization (WHO) global air quality guidelines (AQG) released in 2021. Previous studies on air pollution control have focused on emission reduction demand in China but ignored the influence of transboundary pollution, which has been proven to have a significant impact on air quality in China. Here, we develop an emission-concentration response surface model coupled with transboundary pollution to quantify the emission reduction demand for China to achieve WHO AQG. China cannot achieve WHO AQG by its own emission reduction for high transboundary pollution of both PM2.5 and O3. Reducing transboundary pollution will loosen the reduction demand for NH3 and VOCs emissions in China. However, to meet 10 μg·m-3 for PM2.5 and 60 μg·m-3 for peak season O3, China still needs to reduce its emissions of SO2, NOx, NH3, VOCs, and primary PM2.5 by more than 95, 95, 76, 62, and 96% respectively, on the basis of 2015. We highlight that both extreme emission reduction in China and great efforts in addressing transboundary air pollution are crucial to reach WHO AQG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueqi Jiang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Dian Ding
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Zhaoxin Dong
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Shuchang Liu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, ETH Zurich, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Xing Chang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Transport Planning and Research Institute, Ministry of Transport, Laboratory of Transport Pollution Control and Monitoring Technology, Beijing 100028, China
| | - Haotian Zheng
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jia Xing
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Shuxiao Wang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Beijing 100084, China
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36
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Landaeta E, Kadosh NI, Schultz ZD. Mechanistic Study of Plasmon-Assisted In Situ Photoelectrochemical CO 2 Reduction to Acetate with a Ag/Cu 2O Nanodendrite Electrode. ACS Catal 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c05082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Esteban Landaeta
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio43210, United States
| | - Nir I. Kadosh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio43210, United States
| | - Zachary D. Schultz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio43210, United States
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37
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Peng C, Deng C, Lei T, Zheng J, Zhao J, Wang D, Wu Z, Wang L, Chen Y, Liu M, Jiang J, Ye A, Ge M, Wang W. Measurement of atmospheric nanoparticles: Bridging the gap between gas-phase molecules and larger particles. J Environ Sci (China) 2023; 123:183-202. [PMID: 36521983 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2022.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric nanoparticles are crucial components contributing to fine particulate matter (PM2.5), and therefore have significant effects on visibility, climate, and human health. Due to the unique role of atmospheric nanoparticles during the evolution process from gas-phase molecules to larger particles, a number of sophisticated experimental techniques have been developed and employed for online monitoring and characterization of the physical and chemical properties of atmospheric nanoparticles, helping us to better understand the formation and growth of new particles. In this paper, we firstly review these state-of-the-art techniques for investigating the formation and growth of atmospheric nanoparticles (e.g., the gas-phase precursor species, molecular clusters, physicochemical properties, and chemical composition). Secondly, we present findings from recent field studies on the formation and growth of atmospheric nanoparticles, utilizing several advanced techniques. Furthermore, perspectives are proposed for technique development and improvements in measuring atmospheric nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Chenjuan Deng
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ting Lei
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jun Zheng
- School of Environment Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519082, China
| | - Dongbin Wang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zhijun Wu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP(3)), Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yan Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Mingyuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jingkun Jiang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Anpei Ye
- Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, Department of Electronics, School of Electronics Engineering and Computer Science, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Maofa Ge
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Weigang Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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38
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Climate Change, Carbon Dioxide Emissions, and Medical Imaging Contribution. J Clin Med 2022; 12:jcm12010215. [PMID: 36615016 PMCID: PMC9820937 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12010215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Human activities have raised the atmosphere's carbon dioxide (CO2) content by 50% in less than 200 years and by 10% in the last 15 years. Climate change is a great threat and presents a unique opportunity to protect cardiovascular health in the next decades. CO2 equivalent emission is the most convenient unit for measuring the greenhouse gas footprint corresponding to ecological cost. Medical imaging contributes significantly to the CO2 emissions responsible for climate change, yet current medical guidelines ignore the carbon cost. Among the common cardiac imaging techniques, CO2 emissions are lowest for transthoracic echocardiography (0.5-2 kg per exam), increase 10-fold for cardiac computed tomography angiography, and 100-fold for cardiac magnetic resonance. A conservative estimate of 10 billion medical examinations per year worldwide implies that medical imaging accounts for approximately 1% of the overall carbon footprint. In 2016, CO2 emissions from magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography, calculated in 120 countries, accounted for 0.77% of global emissions. A significant portion of global greenhouse gas emissions is attributed to health care, which ranges from 4% in the United Kingdom to 10% in the United States. Assessment of carbon cost should be a part of the cost-benefit balance in medical imaging.
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39
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Timoncini A, Costantini F, Bernardi E, Martini C, Mugnai F, Mancuso FP, Sassoni E, Ospitali F, Chiavari C. Insight on bacteria communities in outdoor bronze and marble artefacts in a changing environment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 850:157804. [PMID: 35932861 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Epilithic bacteria play a fundamental role in the conservation of cultural heritage (CH) materials. On stones, bacterial communities cause both degradation and bioprotection actions. Bronze biocorrosion in non-burial conditions is rarely studied. Only few studies have examined the relationship between bacteria communities and the chemical composition of patinas (surface degradation layers). A better comprehension of bacterial communities growing on our CH is fundamental not only to understand the related decay mechanisms but also to foresee possible shifts in their composition due to climate change. The present study aims at (1) characterizing bacterial communities on bronze and marble statues; (2) evaluating the differences in bacterial communities' composition and abundance occurring between different patina types on different statues; and (3) providing indications about a representative bacterial community which can be used in laboratory tests to better understand their influence on artefact decay. Chemical and biological characterization of different patinas were carried out by sampling bronze and marble statues in Bologna and Ravenna (Italy), using EDS/Raman spectroscopy and MinION-based 16SrRNA sequencing. Significant statistical differences were found in bacterial composition between marble and bronze statues, and among marble patinas in different statues and in the same statue. Marble surfaces showed high microbial diversity and were characterized mainly by Cyanobacteria, Proteobacteria and Deinococcus-Thermus. Bronze patinas showed low taxa diversity and were dominated by copper-resistant Proteobacteria. The copper biocidal effect is evident in greenish marble areas affected by the leaching of copper salts, where the bacterial community is absent. Here, Ca and Cu oxalates are present because of the biological reaction of living organisms to Cu ions, leading to metabolic product secretions, such as oxalic acid. Therefore, a better knowledge on the interaction between bacteria communities and patinas has been achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Timoncini
- Department of Cultural Heritage, University of Bologna, Via degli Ariani 1, 48121 Ravenna, Italy
| | - Federica Costantini
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Science, UOS Ravenna, University of Bologna, Via Sant'Alberto 163, 48123 Ravenna, Italy; Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research Renewable Sources, Environment, Sea and Energy, University of Bologna, Ravenna, Italy; Interdepartmental Research Center for Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Ravenna, Italy
| | - Elena Bernardi
- Department of Industrial Chemistry "Toso Montanari", University of Bologna, Viale del Risorgimento 4, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Carla Martini
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Bologna, Viale del Risorgimento 4, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesco Mugnai
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Science, UOS Ravenna, University of Bologna, Via Sant'Alberto 163, 48123 Ravenna, Italy
| | - Francesco Paolo Mancuso
- Department of Earth and Marine Sciences (DiSTeM), University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze Ed. 16, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Enrico Sassoni
- Department Of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering, University of Bologna, Via Terracini 28, 40131 Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesca Ospitali
- Department of Industrial Chemistry "Toso Montanari", University of Bologna, Viale del Risorgimento 4, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Cristina Chiavari
- Department of Cultural Heritage, University of Bologna, Via degli Ariani 1, 48121 Ravenna, Italy.
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40
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van Daalen KR, Romanello M, Rocklöv J, Semenza JC, Tonne C, Markandya A, Dasandi N, Jankin S, Achebak H, Ballester J, Bechara H, Callaghan MW, Chambers J, Dasgupta S, Drummond P, Farooq Z, Gasparyan O, Gonzalez-Reviriego N, Hamilton I, Hänninen R, Kazmierczak A, Kendrovski V, Kennard H, Kiesewetter G, Lloyd SJ, Lotto Batista M, Martinez-Urtaza J, Milà C, Minx JC, Nieuwenhuijsen M, Palamarchuk J, Quijal-Zamorano M, Robinson EJZ, Scamman D, Schmoll O, Sewe MO, Sjödin H, Sofiev M, Solaraju-Murali B, Springmann M, Triñanes J, Anto JM, Nilsson M, Lowe R. The 2022 Europe report of the Lancet Countdown on health and climate change: towards a climate resilient future. Lancet Public Health 2022; 7:e942-e965. [PMID: 36306805 PMCID: PMC9597587 DOI: 10.1016/s2468-2667(22)00197-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kim R van Daalen
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK; Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Cambridge University, Cambridge, UK
| | - Marina Romanello
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Joacim Rocklöv
- Heidelberg Institute of Global Health, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jan C Semenza
- Heidelberg Institute of Global Health, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Cathryn Tonne
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Niheer Dasandi
- School of Government, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Slava Jankin
- Data Science Lab, Hertie School, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hicham Achebak
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Ballester
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Max W Callaghan
- Priestley International Centre for Climate, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK; Mercator Research Institute on Global Commons and Climate Change, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jonathan Chambers
- Energy Efficiency Group, Institute for Environmental Sciences (ISE), University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Shouro Dasgupta
- Centro Euro-Mediterraneo sui Cambiamenti Climatici (CMCC), Venice, Italy; Grantham Research Institute on Climate Change and the Environment, London School of Economics and Political Sciences (LSE), UK
| | - Paul Drummond
- Institute for Sustainable Resources, University College London, London, UK
| | - Zia Farooq
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | | | - Ian Hamilton
- Energy Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Risto Hänninen
- Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI), Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Vladimir Kendrovski
- European Centre for Environment and Health, WHO Regional Office for Europe, Bonn, Germany
| | - Harry Kennard
- Energy Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Gregor Kiesewetter
- Air Quality and Greenhouse Gases Programme, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, Austria
| | - Simon J Lloyd
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Martin Lotto Batista
- Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC), Barcelona, Spain; Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Department of Epidemiology, Brunswick, Germany
| | - Jaime Martinez-Urtaza
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carles Milà
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jan C Minx
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mark Nieuwenhuijsen
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Marcos Quijal-Zamorano
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elizabeth J Z Robinson
- Grantham Research Institute on Climate Change and the Environment, London School of Economics and Political Sciences (LSE), UK
| | - Daniel Scamman
- Institute for Sustainable Resources, University College London, London, UK
| | - Oliver Schmoll
- European Centre for Environment and Health, WHO Regional Office for Europe, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Henrik Sjödin
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Mikhail Sofiev
- Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI), Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Marco Springmann
- Oxford Martin Programme on the Future of Food and Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Joaquin Triñanes
- Department of Electronics and Computer Science, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago, Spain
| | - Josep M Anto
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Nilsson
- Department of Epidemiology and Global Health, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Rachel Lowe
- Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC), Barcelona, Spain; Centre for Climate Change and Planetary Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM), London, UK; Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain.
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41
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Adame JA, Gutierrez-Alvarez I, Cristofanelli P, Notario A, Bogeat JA, Bolivar JP, Yela M. Surface ozone trends at El Arenosillo observatory from a new perspective. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 214:113887. [PMID: 35835171 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Surface ozone trends observed at El Arenosillo observatory for the last 22 years (2000-2021) were investigated. The trends for daily averages and daily 5th and 95th percentiles were 1.2 ± 0.3 ppb decade-1, 2.2 ± 0.3 ppb decade-1 and -0.03 ± 0.43 ppb decade-1, respectively, thus showing a significant increase of background ozone. The surface temperature trends were also explored, obtaining trends of 0.5 ± 0.2 ⁰C decade-1, 1.1 ± 0.2 ⁰C decade-1 and -0.3 ± 0.2 ⁰C decade-1 for daily averages, 5th and 95th percentiles, respectively. To identify potential changes in the ozone drivers, the weather pattern shifts were analyzed through the horizontal distribution trends of temperature at 2 m and geopotential height at 850 hPa. A strengthening of the Azores anticyclone and a regional warming were detected, which could contribute to the ozone trends obtained. The surface ozone trend in every month was explored, identifying a monthly pattern, with remarkable opposite trends in December-January (2.4 ± 0.9 ppb decade-1) vs July-August (-0.5 ± 1.1 ppb decade-1). The surface ozone trends for every hour of the day were also explored, identifying two clear patterns. The first pattern occurred from spring to autumn and was characterized by a behavior opposite to the typical daily ozone cycle. The second pattern was observed in winter, and it shows two relative peaks in the ozone trends (around 13:00 and 19:00 UTC). In a context of ozone precursor's depletion, changes in the weather conditions and warmer climate, to improve our knowledge of the ozone trends, we suggest exploring them based on daily and hourly averages.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Adame
- Atmospheric Sounding Station. El Arenosillo Observatory. Atmospheric Research and Instrumentation Branch. National Institute for Aerospace Technology (INTA). Mazagón - Huelva, Spain.
| | | | - P Cristofanelli
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Atmospheric Science and Climate, Via Gobetti 101, 40129, Bologna, Italy
| | - A Notario
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - J A Bogeat
- Centro de Experimentación de El Arenosillo (CEDEA). National Institute for Aerospace Technology (INTA). Mazagón-Huelva, Spain
| | - J P Bolivar
- Integrated Sciences Department. University of Huelva, Spain; Center for Natural Resources, Health and Environment (RENSMA), University of Huelva University, Spain
| | - M Yela
- Atmospheric Research and Instrumentation Branch. National Institute for Aerospace Technology (INTA). Torrejón de Ardoz - Madrid, Spain
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42
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Santoso M, Hopke PK, Damastuti E, Lestiani DD, Kurniawati S, Kusmartini I, Prakoso D, Kumalasari D, Riadi A. The air quality of Palangka Raya, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia: The impacts of forest fires on visibility. JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION (1995) 2022; 72:1191-1200. [PMID: 35583524 DOI: 10.1080/10962247.2022.2077474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Airborne particles in urban Palangka Raya, Kalimantan from Oct 2011 until Oct 2020 have been collected and analyzed for PM2.5, PM10, and Black Carbon (BC) concentrations. Palangka Raya is a city that serves the capital of the Central Kalimantan province on the island of Borneo. Kalimantan is affected by peat fires that occur periodically. There were identified increases in PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations during El Niño periods. During the forest fire episode in September - October 2015, PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations increased significantly, to nearly 400 µg/m3 and 800 µg/m3, respectively, and visibility in the city was reduced to < 0.2 miles. The highest BC concentrations were observed during this massive forest fires episode. The regression analyses for PM2.5, PM10 and visibility in Palangka Raya during the period of 2011-2020, showed a non-linear correlation with reduction in visibility due to increased PM2.5 and PM10. There was no correlation for BC with visibility. Air quality in Palangka Raya was at a relatively good level with concentrations below the national ambient air quality standard when there were no forest fires event. Emissions from forest fires caused a substantial reduction in air quality reaching concentrations well above ambient air quality standards and are likely to have caused adverse health effects on the people living in the area.Implications: Indonesia has repeatedly experienced forest fires, especially on Kalimantan and Sumatera Islands, which burned large areas of peatland. The forest fires leading to increasing PM concentrations especially in the PM2.5 size range which influence visibility. The seasonal variations of BC in Palangka Raya and the relationships of fine particulates with visibility were assessed. The results of regression analyses for PM2.5 and PM10 to visibility during the period of 2011-2020 showed non-linear relationships. An increasing of PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations during El Nino periods were detected well above the ambient air quality standard. To ensure effective and continued handling and prevention of forest and peatland fires, the government set up a special task force and review on several rules, including laws and government regulations as well as governor regulations that permit the burning of forest and peatland areas. These results are expected to be used to formulate more effective mitigations in reducing forest fires events in Indonesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhayatun Santoso
- Research and Technology Center for Applied Nuclear BATAN, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Philip K Hopke
- Department of Public Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Endah Damastuti
- Research and Technology Center for Applied Nuclear BATAN, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Diah Dwiana Lestiani
- Research and Technology Center for Applied Nuclear BATAN, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Syukria Kurniawati
- Research and Technology Center for Applied Nuclear BATAN, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Indah Kusmartini
- Research and Technology Center for Applied Nuclear BATAN, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Djoko Prakoso
- Research and Technology Center for Applied Nuclear BATAN, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Dyah Kumalasari
- Research and Technology Center for Applied Nuclear BATAN, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Ahmad Riadi
- Environmental Laborarotaroy Regional Technical Implementing Unit, The Environmental Agency of Palangka Raya City, Palangka Raya, Indonesia
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43
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Liu J, Ni S, Pan X. Interaction of Glutamic Acid/Protonated Glutamic Acid with Amide and Water Molecules: A Theoretical Study. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:7750-7762. [PMID: 36253764 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c05135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Amino acids are important nitrogen-containing compounds and organic carbon components that exist widely in the atmosphere. The formation of atmospheric aerosols is affected by their interactions with amides. The dimers formed by glutamic acid (Glu) or protonated glutamic acid (Glu+) with three kinds of amide molecules (formamide FA, acetamide AA, urea U) and the hydrated clusters formed by Glu or Glu+, U molecules along with one to six water molecules were systematically studied at the M06-2X/6-311++G(3df,3pd) level. U is predicted to form a more stable structure with Glu/Glu+ than FA and AA by thermodynamics. If the concentration ratio of FA to U is less than 104, U will play a critical role in NPF. The degree of hydration in Glu+-mU-nW is higher than that of Glu-mU-nW (m = 0, 1; n = 0-6) clusters. Notably, Glu contributes more to the Rayleigh scattering properties than glutaric acid and sulfuric acid, and thus may lead to the destruction of atmospheric visibility. This study is helpful to better understand the properties of organic aerosols containing amino acids or amides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Liu
- Institute of Functional Material Chemistry, National & Local United Engineering Lab for Power Battery, Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun130024, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang Ni
- Institute of Catalysis for Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang110034, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiumei Pan
- Institute of Functional Material Chemistry, National & Local United Engineering Lab for Power Battery, Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun130024, People's Republic of China
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Coelho S, Ferreira J, Rodrigues V, Lopes M. Source apportionment of air pollution in European urban areas: Lessons from the ClairCity project. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 320:115899. [PMID: 35963069 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution has become a major threat to human health in the last decades, with an increase of acute air pollution episodes in many cities worldwide. Source apportionment modelling provides valuable information on the contribution from different emission source sectors and source regions to distinct air pollutants concentrations. In this study, the CAMx model, with its PSAT tool, was applied to quantify the contribution of multiple source areas, categories and pollutant types to ambient air pollution, namely to PM and NO2 concentrations, over six European urban areas: Bristol (United Kingdom), Amsterdam (The Netherlands), Ljubljana (Slovenia), Liguria Region (Italy), Sosnowiec (Poland) and Aveiro Region (Portugal). Results indicate overall higher annual NO2 and PM concentrations located in the urban centres of the case studies. A comparison between the different areas showed that Liguria is the region with highest NO2 annual mean concentrations, while Ljubljana, Liguria Region and Sosnowiec are the case studies with the highest PM annual mean concentrations. The annual average contributions denote a major influence from road transport to NO2 concentrations, with up to 50%, except in Aveiro region, where road transport presents a lower contribution to NO2 concentrations, and the greatest contributor is the industrial combustion and processes sector with 45%. These results indicate a negligible contribution of the transboundary transport to NO2 concentrations, highlighting the relevance of local sources, while for PM concentrations the transboundary transport is the major contributor. The results highlight the relevance of long-range transport of PM across Europe. The transboundary transport reduces its importance during winter, when residential and commercial combustion increases its contribution. In the case of the Aveiro region, the industrial combustion and processes sector also plays an important contribution to PM concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Coelho
- CESAM & Department of Environment and Planning, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - J Ferreira
- CESAM & Department of Environment and Planning, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - V Rodrigues
- CESAM & Department of Environment and Planning, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - M Lopes
- CESAM & Department of Environment and Planning, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
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45
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Berndt T. Peroxy Radical and Product Formation in the Gas-Phase Ozonolysis of α-Pinene under Near-Atmospheric Conditions: Occurrence of an Additional Series of Peroxy Radicals O,O-C 10H 15O(O 2) yO 2 with y = 1-3. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:6526-6537. [PMID: 36074727 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c05094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Ozonolysis of α-pinene, C10H16, and other monoterpenes is considered to be one of the important chemical process in the atmosphere leading to condensable vapors, which are relevant to aerosol formation and, finally, for Earth's radiation budget. The formation of peroxy (RO2) radicals, O,O-C10H15(O2)xO2 with x = 0-3, and closed-shell products has been probed from the ozonolysis of α-pinene for close to atmospheric reaction conditions. (The "O,O" in the chemical formulas indicates the two carbonyl groups formed in the ozonolysis.) An additional series of RO2 radicals, O,O-C10H15O(O2)yO2 with y = 1-3, emerged in the presence of NO additions of (1.7-50) × 109 molecules cm-3, whose formation can be explained via different processes starting from alkoxy (RO) radicals, such as the RO-driven autoxidation. The main closed-shell product is a substance with the composition C10H16O3, probably pinonic acid, obtained with a molar yield (lower limit) of 0.26+0.27-0.14 independent of NO. Total molar product yields accounted for up to 0.71+0.72-0.38 indicating reasonable detection sensitivity of the analytical technique applied. For the isomeric O,O-C10H15O2 radicals, an average rate coefficient k(RO2 + NO) = (1.5 ± 0.3) × 10-11 cm3 molecule-1 s-1 at 295 ± 2 K was determined. Product analysis showed a lowering in the formation of highly oxygenated organic molecules (HOMs) by a factor of ∼2.2 when adding 5 × 1010 molecules cm-3 of NO. The comparison with former results revealed that total HOM suppression by NO in the α-pinene ozonolysis is slightly stronger than in the OH + α-pinene reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torsten Berndt
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department, Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
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46
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Wang R, Yang Y, Xing X, Wang L, Chen J, Tang X, Cao J, Morawska L, Balkanski Y, Hauglustaine D, Ciais P, Ma J. Stringent Emission Controls Are Needed to Reach Clean Air Targets for Cities in China under a Warming Climate. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:11199-11211. [PMID: 35881565 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c08403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Quantifying the threat that climate change poses to fine particle (PM2.5) pollution is hampered by large uncertainties in the relationship between PM2.5 and meteorology. To constrain the impact of climate change on PM2.5, statistical models are often employed in a different manner than physical-chemical models to reduce the requirement of input data. A majority of statistical models predict PM2.5 concentration (often log-transformed) as a simple function of meteorology, which could be biased due to the conversion of precursor gases to PM2.5. We reduced this bias by developing a unique statistic model where the sum of PM2.5 and the weighted precursor gases, rather than the PM2.5 alone, was predicted as a function of meteorology and a proxy of primary emissions, where the input data of PM10, CO, O3, NOx, and SO2 were obtained from routine measurements. This modification, without losing the simplicity of statistical models, reduced the mean-square error from 27 to 17% and increased the coefficient of determination from 47 to 67% in the model cross-validation using daily PM2.5 observations during 2013-2018 for 74 cities over China. We found a previously unrecognized mechanism that synoptic climate change in the past half-century might have increased low quantiles of PM2.5 more strenuously than the upper quantiles in large cities over China. Climate change during 1971-2018 was projected to increase the annual mean concentration of PM2.5 at a degree that could be comparable with the toughest-ever clean air policy during 2013-2018 had counteracted it, as inferred from the decline in the daily concentration of carbon monoxide as an inert gas. Our estimate of the impact of climate change on PM2.5 is higher than previous statistical models, suggesting that aerosol chemistry might play a more important role than previously thought in the interaction between climate change and air pollution. Our result indicated that air quality might degrade if the future synoptic climate change could continue interacting with aerosol chemistry as it had occurred in the past half-century.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
- IRDR International Center of Excellence on Risk Interconnectivity and Governance on Weather/Climate Extremes Impact and Public Health (WECEIPHE), Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
- Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Atmosphere-Ocean Interaction, Shanghai 200438, China
- Institute of Eco-Chongming (IEC), 20 Cuiniao Road, Chongming, Shanghai 202162, China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yechen Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Xiaofan Xing
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
- IRDR International Center of Excellence on Risk Interconnectivity and Governance on Weather/Climate Extremes Impact and Public Health (WECEIPHE), Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
- Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Jianmin Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
- IRDR International Center of Excellence on Risk Interconnectivity and Governance on Weather/Climate Extremes Impact and Public Health (WECEIPHE), Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
- Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Xu Tang
- IRDR International Center of Excellence on Risk Interconnectivity and Governance on Weather/Climate Extremes Impact and Public Health (WECEIPHE), Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Junji Cao
- Institute of Atmospheric Physics, CAS, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Lidia Morawska
- Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
| | - Yves Balkanski
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, CEA CNRS UVSQ, Gif-sur-Yvette 91190, France
| | - Didier Hauglustaine
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, CEA CNRS UVSQ, Gif-sur-Yvette 91190, France
| | - Philippe Ciais
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, CEA CNRS UVSQ, Gif-sur-Yvette 91190, France
- Climate and Atmosphere Research Center (CARE-C), The Cyprus Institute, 20 Konstantinou Kavafi Street, 2121, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Jianmin Ma
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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Li J, Han Z, Wu J, Tao J, Li J, Sun Y, Liang L, Liang M, Wang Q. Secondary organic aerosol formation and source contributions over east China in summertime. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 306:119383. [PMID: 35504348 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Various precursor emissions and chemical mechanisms for secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation were incorporated into a regional air quality model system (RAQMS) and applied to investigate the distribution, composition, and source contribution of SOA over east China in summer 2018. Model comparison against a variety of observations at a national scale demonstrated that the model was able to reasonably reproduce meteorological variables, O3 and PM2.5 concentrations, and the model simulated SOA concentration generally agreed with observations, with the overall NMB of 7.0% and R of 0.4 in 10 cities over east China. The simulated period-mean SOA concentrations of 4-15 μg m-3 were mainly distributed over the North China Plain (NCP), the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and Chongqing district. SOA dominated organic aerosol (OA) over China in summertime (90%). The percentage contributions to SOA from ASOA (SOA produced from anthropogenic volatile organic compounds (AVOC)), BSOA (SOA produced from biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOC)), DSOA (SOA produced from aqueous uptake of glyoxal and methylglyoxal) and S/I-SOA (SOA produced from semi-volatile and intermediate volatile organic compounds) were estimated to be 48.3%, 28.6%, 14.3%, and 8.8% respectively, over east China in summertime. In terms of domain and period average, ASOA contributed most to SOA (59%) in north China, while BSOA contributed most to SOA (37.3%) in northeast China. The percentage contribution of DSOA to SOA reached 21.5% in southwest China. S/I-SOA accounted for approximately 10% of SOA in most areas of east China. This study reveals that while AVOC dominates SOA formation on average over east China, the SOA source contributions differ considerably in different regions of China. BVOC makes the same contribution to SOA formation as AVOC in northeast China and southwest China, where forest coverage and BVOC emission are higher and anthropogenic emissions are relatively low, highlighting the significant role of BVOC in summer SOA formation in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- Department of Atmospheric Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China
| | - Zhiwei Han
- Key Laboratory of Regional Climate-Environment for Temperate East Asia, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Jian Wu
- Department of Atmospheric Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China
| | - Jun Tao
- Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Jiawei Li
- Key Laboratory of Regional Climate-Environment for Temperate East Asia, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yele Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Lin Liang
- Key Laboratory of Regional Climate-Environment for Temperate East Asia, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Mingjie Liang
- Key Laboratory of Regional Climate-Environment for Temperate East Asia, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Qin'geng Wang
- School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
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48
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Long-Term Variations in Global Solar Radiation and Its Interaction with Atmospheric Substances at Qomolangma. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19158906. [PMID: 35897279 PMCID: PMC9332281 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19158906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
An empirical model to estimate global solar radiation was developed at Qomolangma Station using observed solar radiation and meteorological parameters. The predicted hourly global solar radiation agrees well with observations at the ground in 2008–2011. This model was used to calculate global solar radiation at the ground and its loss in the atmosphere due to absorbing and scattering substances in 2007–2020. A sensitivity analysis shows that the responses of global solar radiation to changes in water vapor and scattering factors (expressed as water-vapor pressure and the attenuation factor, AF, respectively) are nonlinear, and global solar radiation is more sensitive to changes in scattering than to changes in absorption. Further applying this empirical model, the albedos at the top of the atmosphere (TOA) and the surface in 2007–2020 were computed and are in line with satellite-based retrievals. During 2007–2020, the mean estimated annual global solar radiation increased by 0.22% per year, which was associated with a decrease in AF of 1.46% and an increase in water-vapor pressure of 0.37% per year. The annual mean air temperature increased by about 0.16 °C over the 14 years. Annual mean losses of solar radiation caused by absorbing and scattering substances and total loss were 2.55, 0.64, and 3.19 MJ m−2, respectively. The annual average absorbing loss was much larger than the scattering loss; their contributions to the total loss were 77.23% and 22.77%, indicating that absorbing substances play significant roles. The annual absorbing loss increased by 0.42% per year, and scattering and total losses decreased by 2.00% and 0.14% per year, respectively. The estimated and satellite-derived annual albedos increased at the TOA and decreased at the surface. This study shows that solar radiation and its interactions with atmospheric absorbing and scattering substances have played key but different roles in regional climate and climate change at the three poles.
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49
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Zang X, Zhang Z, Jiang S, Zhao Y, Wang T, Wang C, Li G, Xie H, Yang J, Wu G, Zhang W, Shu J, Fan H, Yang X, Jiang L. Aerosol mass spectrometry of neutral species based on a tunable vacuum ultraviolet free electron laser. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:16484-16492. [PMID: 35771196 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp01733d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A vacuum ultraviolet free electron laser (VUV-FEL) photoionization aerosol mass spectrometer (AMS) has been developed for online measurement of neutral compounds in laboratory environments. The aerosol apparatus is mainly composed of a smog chamber and a reflectron time-of-flight mass spectrometer (TOF-MS). The indoor smog chamber had a 2 m3 fluorinated ethylene propylene film reactor placed in a temperature- and humidity-controlled room, which was used to generate the aerosols. The aerosols were sampled via an inlet system consisting of a 100 μm orifice nozzle and aerodynamic lenses. The application of this VUV-FEL AMS to the α-pinene ozonolysis under different concentrations reveals two new compounds, for which the formation mechanisms are proposed. The present findings contribute to the mechanistic understanding of the α-pinene ozonolysis in the neighborhood of emission origins of α-pinene. The VUV-FEL AMS method has the potential for chemical analysis of neutral aerosol species during the new particle formation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Zang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China.,Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Zhaoyan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shukang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China.
| | - Yingqi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tiantong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Gang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China.
| | - Hua Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China.
| | - Jiayue Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China.
| | - Guorong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China.
| | - Weiqing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China.
| | - Jinian Shu
- National Engineering Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Control Materials & Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 380 Huaibei Village, Huairou District, Beijing 101408, China
| | - Hongjun Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China.
| | - Xueming Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China.,Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China.,Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Southern University of Science and Technology, 1088 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Ling Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China.
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Reconstruction of Daily Courses of SO42−, NO3−, NH4+ Concentrations in Precipitation from Cumulative Samples. ATMOSPHERE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos13071049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
It is important to study precipitation chemistry to comprehend both atmospheric and environmental processes. The aim of this study was the reconstruction of daily concentration patterns of major ions in precipitation from samples exposed for longer and differing time periods. We explored sulphates (SO42−), nitrates (NO3−) and ammonium (NH4+) ions measured in precipitation within a nation-wide atmospheric deposition monitoring network in the Czech Republic during 1980–2020. We visualised the long-term trends at selected individual years for four stations, Praha 4-Libuš (LIB), Svratouch (SVR), Rudolice v Horách (RUD) and Souš (SOU), differing in geographical location and reflecting different environments. We found anticipated time trends reflecting the emission patterns of the precursors, i.e., sharp decreases in SO42−, milder decreases in NO3− and steady states in NH4+ concentrations in precipitation. Statistically significant decreasing time trends in SO42− and NO3− concentrations in precipitation between 1990 and 2015 were revealed for the LIB and SVR sites. Spring maxima in April were found for all major ions at the LIB site and for NO3− for the SVR site, for both past and current samples, whereas no distinct seasonal behaviour was recorded for NH4+ at the RUD and SO42− at the SVR sites. By applying Bayesian modelling and the Integrated Nested Laplace Approximation approach, we were able to reconstruct the daily patterns of SO42−, NO3− and NH4+ concentrations in precipitation, which might be further utilised for a wide range of tasks, including comparison of magnitudes and shapes between stations, grouping the decomposed daily data into the ecologically motivated time periods, as well as for logical checks of sampling and measurement reliability.
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